forced labour

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• The U.S. State Department 2012 Trafficking in Persons Report ranks Eritrea at Tier 3, describing it as a source country for individuals subjected to forced labor and sexual exploitation. The report found that the government had taken no known measures to address this problem.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/freedomo.php

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• ks with anger. He said: "In Eritrea, people are arrested without a charge, tortured for insignificant acts, imprisoned in appalling conditions and subjected to forced labor. The Swiss government must react! By accepting that we be subjected to this tax, for example, Switzerland indirectly supports the regime! "

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• d liberation movement in Africa has given birth to a political system dictated by one man” who has chosen to conscript up to 300,000 persons in the army and in forced labor camps. 6- The Le Temps reporter also interviewed a number of Eritrean refugees in Swiss who expressed fear to criticize the Asmara regime openly because of fear of imminent risks to their families in Eritrea. The interviewees

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• iciary or political opposition. Citizens, tourists and diplomats require permission to travel from one town to another. Military service conscripts are used as forced labour in development projects and, despite the failure of successive rains and imminent famine, food aid was outlawed in favour of a "work for food" programme, ostensibly designed to promote self-reliance, but which in reality ensur

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• r military offences is carried out extrajudicially, and has been widely reported to include “shoot to kill” orders,73 detention for long periods, torture and forced labour.74 Draft evaders/deserters are reporte d to be frequently subjected to torture,75 while conscientious objectors can fa ce extreme physical punishment as a

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/49de06122.pdf

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• Galaalo military camp, Red Sea coast. Deaths of conscripted students reported in August 2001 while performing forced labour. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p20)

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• sguided policy that has brought havoc to the economy of the nation has its roots in its immediate mieda predecessor: bistifrina. This is the main cause for the forced labor that has enslaved a whole generation, for the mass exodus that has emptied towns and cities across Eritrea and for the mass starvation that is going on right now in Eritrea. Recreating the ghedli years, hundreds of thousands ar

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/sac.htm

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• ctice of conscription in Eritrea, not only against the conscripts themselves but also their families, and not only during the period of military service but in forced labour afterwards.

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• en between the ages of 18 and 50. Deserters or those suspected of opposition to the government are imprisoned under harsh conditions and subject to torture and forced labour. Those who successfully escape leave their family behind to face punishment in their stead.

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• eported in August 2001 while performing forced lab our. [5c] (p20) (AI, May 2004) Gedem prison, 40 km south of Massawa . It is alleged to be the site of forced labour in 2004, with the construction of a n aval base, numbering 400 prisoners who received minimal food and water, no m edical attention after injury and the use of confinement in shipping conta iners in excessive temperatures a

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/eritrea-220409.pdf

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• Forced Labour in Eritrea: in Light of the HRW Report on Mining Companies and Abuse of Forced Labour . With a population of about 5 million, Eritrea is a small country located in the horn of Africa, along the red sea. Eritrea seceded from Ethiopia in 1993 after 30 years of bloody war against Ethiopia. Today Eritrea is a pariah state with absolute disregards of international laws and norms and a

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• efence Force were executed by the order of their own military commander. After the end of the conflict with the introducing of Warsai-Yikalo scheme (which is a forced labour slavery project), the youth have become the main victim of the totalitarian fascist regimes than ever before in the history of the Eritrean people To mention some the PFDJ fascistic crimes

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• e Eritrea-Sudan-Egypt-Israel route. Several refugees were shot and killed by Egyptian patrols while crossing the border to Israel. Eritrean youth are escapting forced labor and indefinite military service imposed by the Eritrean regime on all Eritreans eighteen to fifty years old. Some Eritreans have been forced to serve in the military for over 13 years. In the last eight years alone, tens of tho

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• n accusation and counter- accusations in narrow power struggle instead of focusing on bringing an end to the PFDJ fascistic regime. Gaim (2009) in his article “Forced labour in Eritrea” wrote that Aman, a deserter who lives in Nottingham said that several conscripts had been executed. In his division alone (ca. 6,000 men and women), thirteen people were executed after Ethiopia’s third offensive (M

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/20112.php

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• pes was that by University of Asmara student union president Semere Kesete. He had been arrested in July 2001 after protesting the university's management of a forced labor national service program for university students. Semere had been imprisoned in an Asmara police station but was never charged with a crime. In July 2002 he managed to escape to Ethiopia with the assistance of one of his guards

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/200hrw.php

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• 15. ገልዓሎ (near the Red Sea coast): military forced labour camp ) ወተሃደራዊ ቤት ማእሰርቲ

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• training, in itself not illegal. However, they are subjected to cruel military punishments and torture (...). Many may be deployed in what constitutes illegal forced labor. Those who try and evade national service are treated cruelly. Evaders are detained in terrible conditions, and heavy penalties are imposed on the families of those who evade service or flee the country."

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/flee2.php

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• National service was mandatory for men and women at least 18 years of age. Initially 18 months long, it included six months’ military service and frequent forced labour, could be extended indefinitely, and was often followed by reserve duties. Much of the adult population was engaged in mandatory service. There was no exemption from military service for conscientious objectors. Penalties for evadi

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• rture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 3) No person shall be held in slavery or servitude nor shall any person be required to perform forced labour not authorised by Law. l) Finally and currently, the emergence of a heart-breaking news on September 18, 2001 from Asmara from two sources: the BBC Reporter, Alex Last and Radio Dimstzi Hafash as well as a third report form

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/Alazar.htm

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• did not return home. Now, the entire youth is on the move to flee the country in order to escape death in prisons and detention camps, death in the trenches or forced labour camps, death of hunger, death of curable diseases in a land that is now without sufficient foodstuffs and medicines. Even many of those trying to escape untimely death are not succeeding: some are killed by frontier security,

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/Ammar.htm

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• There are no institutional constraints on President Isaias Afewerki, now in his twentieth year in power. In addition to ongoing serious human rights abuses, forced labor and indefinite military service prompt thousands of Eritreans to flee the country every year. Access to the country for international humanitarian and human rights organizations is almost impossible and the country has no in

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/reportw.php

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• icy of prolonged military conscription are causing Eritreans to flee the country. Arbitrary arrest, torture, appalling detenti on conditions, disappearances, forced labour, and severe restrictions on freedom of movement, expression, and worship forces the youth to take any desperate measure in search of freedom. 2 Military service is compulsory for all men and women aged 18 to 40. There is no

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/0312ME1-03AE.pdf

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• the government’s summer work programme. He also condemned the inadequate facilities at Asmara University and the government’s interference in its affairs. The forced labour programme, which consists of students being sent to areas damaged in the recent war fought between Eritrea and Ethiopia, is organised under the “Situational Assessment Programme” and is financed by the World Bank and the Unite

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/clampdown.htm

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• e will. While you are sitting here and enjoying this wonderful story, the guys are fleeing the country every day and night. They are escaping imprisonments , forced labour and the lack of basic human rights. Before stamping this information as misleading, try to get informed how many of them are flowing to the camp around Shire. I’ll leave it to you to believe it or not but 50-60 a day is the

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/Statesmabeen.pdf

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• tors, religious leaders and practitioners in Eritrea; (c) The forced conscription of citizens for indefinite periods of national service, which could amount to forced labour, the alleged coercion of minors into the military and the mining industry, as well as the intimidation and detention of family members of those suspected of evading national service in Eritrea; (d) The shoot-to-kill practice e

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• "Arbitrary arrests and detention, torture, extrajudicial killings, severe restrictions on freedoms of expression and worship, and forced labour are routine," it said.

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• ion against women, members of the Kunama ethnic group, homosexuals, and persons with HIV/AIDS were problems. There were limitations on worker rights, including forced labor.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/us2209.php

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• Many of those who escape are from the national service, where they are kept for years on end under the worst possible conditions: forced labour, harsh regimentation, hunger, disease, imprisonment, torture, indoctrination, sexual coercion and rape. And most of them have to stay hidden inside Eritrea to avoid national service, sometimes for years, before they find a way out of the country.

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• Kibreab, G. (2009). Forced labour in Eritrea. Journal of Modern African Studies, 47(1), 41–72. doi:10.1017/S0022278X08003650

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• e-over of the judicial branch of the government. Students of the University of Asmara rose up in defiance and demanded the end to the practice of unremunerated forced labor of the youth by the government. The young and vibrant private press fearlessly publicized the cause of democracy in Eritrea. The highly public call by a group of high government officials, known as the G-15, to hand power over

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• gees deported from Malta and Libya respectively were detained immediately upon arrival in Eritrea and subjected to prolonged and severe mistreatment, including forced labour, severe beatings, extended confinement in sweltering and overcrowded conditions, and in some instances, extra-judicial killing. CSW’s National Director Reverend Stuart Windsor says “CSW is deeply concerned to hear of the det

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• ich refugees say includes religious persecution, frequent use of the death penalty, and a military conscription program that can last for decades and amount to forced labor. A 2010 State Department report accused the military of keeping troops on "indefinite" service to operate mines, beach resorts and other businesses. The accusations have been denied by the Eritrean government. Tesfamariam Te

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/ruthless.php

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• 3. To force students to participate in the harvest drive without their consent and without pay violates the United Nation’s charter against forced labour and human rights, a charter that Eritrea is a signatory to. It provided a summary that, if they are to participate, it has to be with their consent and with pay.

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• is carried out extrajudicially, and has been reported to include „shoot to kill‟ orders, detention for long periods often in inhumane conditions, torture and forced labour. Draft evaders/deserters are reported to be frequently subjected to torture, while conscientious objectors can face severe physical punishment as a means of forcing them to perform military service. Furthermore, extrajudici

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/erit136.pdf

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• heavily vetted and monitored. [50m] (p4-5). Galaalo military camp. Red Sea coast. Deaths of conscripted students reported in August 2001 while performing forced labour. [5c] (p20) (AI, May 2004) Gedem prison. 40 km south of Massawa. It is alleged to be the site of forced labour in 2004, with the construction of a naval base, numbering 400 prisoners who received minimal food and water,

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/4c286cfa2.pdf

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• rture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 3) No person shall be held in slavery or servitude nor shall any person be required to perform forced labour not authorised by Law. l) Finally and currently, the emergence of a heart-breaking news on September 18, 2001 from Asmara from two sources: the BBC Reporter, Alex Last and Radio Dimstzi Hafash as well as a third report form

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• "Anyone of draft age leaving the country without permission is branded a deserter, risking five years in prison, often in inhumane conditions, as well as forced labor and torture," it added.

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• Eritrean women refugees face not only executions, forced labour, imprisonment etc., by the PFDJ but many of them who fled the country face further horrifying experiences. They are routinely raped or held hostage by Bedouin groups in the Sinai, or go missing after fleeing the country.

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• itely. Anyone of draft age leaving the country without permission is branded a deserter, risking five years in prison, often in inhumane conditions, as well as forced labor and torture. UNHCR considers that, in practice, the punishment for desertion or evasion is so severe and disproportionate in Eritrea that it constitutes persecution. No international agencies in Eritrea, including UNHCR, hav

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• d is limited to a piece of bread and lentil soup. Their bodies have been severely weakened, but no mercy comes their way. Ill and weakened, they are engaged in forced labor over every ravine and mountain, chiseling and lifting rocks. But their bodies are incapable of carrying rocks?and many have collapsed from hunger and disease. In their weakened states, it is too far fetched to expect them to ca

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• Trafficking in Person Report, is a source, transit and destination country for women and children who are subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically for forced labour and forced prostitution;

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• ion and torture of its citizens and its policy of prolonged military conscription and Arbitrary arrest, torture, appalling detention conditions, disappearances,forced labour, and severe restrictions on freedom of movement, expression, and worship are causing Eritreans to flee the country and forces the youth to take any desperate measure in search of freedom. Military service is compulsory for all

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• after her husband was imprisoned and she feared for her life. (In Eritrea, civil and human rights are reportedly nonexistent, so arbitrary arrests, torture and forced labor are widespread.) She crossed into Sudan in the hope of finding work. She describes how some people offered her a job. Desperate, isolated and starving, she agreed to go with them. The moment she got in the car she realized s

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• efence Force were executed by the order of their own military commander. After the end of the conflict with the introducing of Warsai-Yikalo scheme (which is a forced labour slavery project), the youth have become the main victim of the totalitarian fascist regimes than ever before in the history of the Eritrean people. By and large the Eritrean government, instead of promoting democracy and justi

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• movement or freedom of expression not to speak of the intense reprieve and happiness families will feel when they finally reclaim their sons and daughters from forced labor. We are not dreaming about a “democratic utopia (as Ali put it). Democracy is not a panacea but until we come up with a better system, it will have to do. If you can think of a better alternative, please let me know and I will

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• 3. Thousands of forcibly recruited soldiers have up until the writing of these lines been confined in forced labour camps (in manual gold mining) in the west of the country, and particularly as punishment for what the regime called failure to fulfil national duty, a defamatory accusation normally levelled against those who are deemed dangerous to the power interests of the one-man rule in the coun

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• The PFDJ has subjected the population to religious persecution, political repression, and other forms of human rights violations such as forced labour of the youth and curtailing freedom of expression. All these pushed Eritrean to join the stream of refugees in the Sudan and Ethiopia.

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• Eritrean Constitution, which has never been implemented since its ‘ratification,’ provides the right not to be held in slavery or not to be required to perform forced labour unauthorized by law (Article 16(3)). In theory, these constitutional guarantees can be seen as solid foundations for the protection of people from forced labour the illicit practice of human trafficking. However, the constitut

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• lable labor force in the country aims to set up a planned economy and to extend the reach of authoritarian control into social activities. Often referred to as forced labour, the national service is rooted in three-decade struggle for independence that gave rise to an obsession over security, evidenced by party and government policies and the consequent process of militarization of society. Anyone

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• Student Program in Eritrea Turns Into Forced-Labor Camp 2 die of heatstroke in the desert while working under 24-hour military guard

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• rture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 3) No person shall be held in slavery or servitude nor shall any person be required to perform forced labour not authorised by Law. l) Finally and currently, the emergence of a heart-breaking news on September 18, 2001 from Asmara from two sources: the BBC Reporter, Alex Last and Radio Dimstzi Hafash as well as a third report form

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/New%20Page.htm

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• Galaalo military camp, Red Sea coast. Deaths of conscripted students reported in August 2001 while performing forced labor. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p20)

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• 8 Gaim Kibreab: “Forced Labour in Eritrea”, Journal of Modern African Studies, 47, 1 (2009), p 41-72

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• ittances from the Eritrean diaspora. The combination of these three factors has ruined the Eritrean economy, which survives on international development aid, forced labour of conscripts in the army, and support from a few other ‘like-minded’ countries. The consequences of the weak state economy are particularly observable in the rural areas. High inflation, drought, weak harvest, reduction of

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/eritrearapport_2_endelig_versjon.pdf

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• ed, but were not limited to, harsh and life-threatening prison conditions that included torture and incommunicado detention, which sometimes resulted in death; forced labor of indefinite duration through the mandatory national service program; and the severe restriction of civil liberties including freedom of speech, press, assembly, association, and religion. Other abuses included the following:

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• ary training and continuous practice to participants in Training Centers; 150 See Gaim Kibreab, “Forced Labour in Eritrea,” Journal of Modern African Studies, 47, 1 (2009), pp. 41-72, and Pool, From Guerillas to Government. 151 Human Rights Watch interview with Eritrean military deserter, Djibouti, September 16, 2008. 152 Human Rig

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• Gedem prison. It is alleged to be the site of forced labour in 2004, with the construction of a naval base, numbering 400 prisoners who received minimal food and water, no medical attention after injury and the use of confinement in shipping containers in excessive temperatures as punishment.

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• of the Kunama ethnic group also faced some government and societal discrimination. The Government restricted workers' rights. There were unconfirmed reports of forced labor. Child labor occurred.

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• launched an association of journalists in exile to report on the cases. At least 13 journalists are behind bars in Eritrea, with two more enduring prolonged forced labor euphemistically called "national service." These grim statistics have made Eritrea one of the world's five biggest jailers of journalists for five consecutive years, according to CPJ research. The imprisoned journalists have no

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• emains a country in shackles. Arbitrary arrests and detention, torture, extrajudicial killings, severe restrictions on freedoms of expression and worship, and forced labor are routine. Despite government efforts to veil abuses from scrutiny, Eritrean refugees provided consistent firsthand accounts of widespread abuses. Thousands of people fled the country in 2009 due to Eritrea’s serious human

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/eritrea.pdf

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• s for study. Within the military, dissent is not tolerated, criticism of the government is punished and those who attempt to flee face detention, torture and forced labour. For many women, the military is a place of sexual violence and abuse12, with senior officers exploiting the vulnerability of girls, in the knowledge that non-compliance could see them arrested and thrown in prison for diss

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/lettersfromeritrea.pdf

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• 3. To force students to participate in the harvest drive without their consent and without pay violates the United Nation’s charter against forced labour and human rights, a charter that Eritrea is a signatory to. It provided a summary that, if they are to participate, it has to be with their consent and with pay.

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• Canadian miner Nevsun Resources Ltd. is facing explosive allegations that it unwittingly allowed forced labour to be involved in building its flagship copper-gold mine. The allegations will be released next week in a report from Human Rights Watch, a non-governmental organization. But on Friday, Nevsun chief executive Cliff Davis tried to dismiss concerns the company is not doing enough to keep

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• ncil “strongly condemn[ed]” Eritrea’s “continued widespread and systematic violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms.” Indefinite Conscription and Forced Labor Eritrea conscripts all men and unmarried women into “national service.” Although Eritrean law limits national service to 18 months, most conscripts serve for much of their working lives. Conscripts are routinely used as forced

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• " was one description. "Animal Farm," came another. One young Eritrean explained the country's system of indefinite national service as a kind of never-ending forced labor camp. Another, explaining how complete social control is here, told me: "Resistance is futile -- the only escape is to flee!"

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/456eritrea.htm

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• and indefinite detention; torture; inhumane conditions of confinement; restrictions on freedom of speech, movement, and belief; and indefinite conscription and forced labor in national service. Arbitrary Detention Since September 2001 or even before, Eritreans from all walks of life—government officials, leaders of government-controlled labor unions, businesspeople, journalists, and national s

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• y by walking, and fewer still manage to cross the Mediterranean and seek asylum in Italy. Others are apprehended and returned to Eritrea where they now work in forced labor camps. In August 2004, in an effort, to avoid this fate, 15 Eritreans hijacked a plane bound from Libya to Eritrea and forced it to land in Sudan.

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• The law prohibits some forms of forced or compulsory labor, including by children. The law states that compulsory national service, normal civic obligations, forced labor as provided for in the penal code, communal services, and services rendered during an emergency may not be regarded as forced labor. The government required all citizens beginning with those in grade 12 (or age 18 if not in secon

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/report2012.php

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• roups, persons with disabilities, and persons with HIV/AIDS remained areas of concern. There were limitations on worker rights, and the government was party to forced labor on its citizenry. Children were engaged in forced labor.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/usa2010.php

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• l population, has been identified as a nation that has generated the highest number of refugees seeking asylum in the world last year. Find more information on Forced labour in Eritrea from the PFDJ Crimes against youth and education webpage

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• eserting its open ended military conscription are forced to pay 50,000 Nakfa or risk imprisonments. In almost all cases, those unable to pay are required to do forced labor for unlimited time and are denied social services. In the case of farmers their farmlands are usurped for at least two to three cropping seasons, in addition to the above stated punishment. It should also be noted that in the d

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• State TV journalist secretly sentenced in 2006to five years of forced labour

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• 3. To force students to participate in the harvest drive without their consent and without pay violates the United Nation’s charter against forced labour and human rights, a charter that Eritrea is a signatory to. It provided a summary that, if they are to participate, it has to be with their consent and with pay.

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• n against women, members of the Kunama ethnic group, homosexuals, and persons with HIV/AIDS were problems. There were limitations on worker rights, including forced labor.” [3b] (Introduction) 7.02 The Human Rights Watch 2011 World Report, published on 24 January 2011, summarised the human rights situation in Eritrea: “By any measure, the unelected government of President Afewerki is oppres

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/report-04-11%5B1%5D.pdf

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• ng work was accomplished by the devotion of Sister Aziza who helped identify men, women, and children who had been kidnapped, repeatedly raped, or subjected to forced labor and sexual servitude, in addition to being tortured, in the Sinai. Her perseverance, heartfelt concern, and willingness to listen to countless hours of interviews enabled many victims to open up about their experiences of rape,

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• http://journals.cambridge.org Downloaded: 27 Apr 2009 IP address: 84.9.59.94 Forced labour in Eritrea* GAIM KIBREAB Social and Policy Studies, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, United Kingdom Email: kibreag@lsbu.ac.uk ABSTRACT Using fieldwork data collected in Eritrea, Rome, Milan and Stockholm, and supplemented by human rights organisation reports and discussions with

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/force.pdf

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• l”: the warsai are the young generation who have come of age since independence, while the yikalo, “the all-powerful”, are EPLF fighters. 73 Gaim Kibreab, “Forced Labour in Eritrea”, Journal of Mod- ern African Studies, 47:1 (2009). 74 “Service for Life”, op. cit. Salaries in the national service are extremely low. Many are drafted back into the national service Eritrea: The Siege State Cr

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• on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment) to Eritrea’s detention facilities. • End the practice of indefinite service and of forced labor for national service conscripts. • Respect everyone’s right to freedom of expression and to receive information. In particular, allow free and independent journalism. • Stop interfering in religious ob servances of Eritrean

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/eritrea0911.pdf

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• 2009 Human Rights Watch report found “human rights violations by the Eritrean government, including arbitrary arrest, torture, appalling detention conditions, forced labor, and severe restrictions on freedom of movement, expression and worship.”

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• ge since 2002, the younger generation who fail the college entrance exam in Sawa is largely engaged to road construction, dam and house building As a result of forced labour, detention, torture and prolonged military conscription the number of young graduates from higher education in Eritrea like Mulu Ghebrekidane who fled increased significantly. This contributed to the brain drain.

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• ve, indefinite, compulsory national service or on reserve duty,‖ for which conscripts are paid a ―token wage.‖ According the report, ―detention, torture, and forced labor await anyone who disagrees with the government, anyone who attempts to avoid military service or flee the country without permission.‖ The government justifies these measures, the report notes, by claiming that ―Eritrea is a

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• sures to avoid return to Eritrea: most of them are treated like military deserters and a harsh punishment of detention at the desert concentration camp of WiA, forced labor and solitary confinement awaits them.

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• ly published report by the United Nations Office on Drug and Crime (UNODC) came with an alarming report stating that about 21 million people are trafficked for forced labor, prostitution, organ harvesting, and for ransom. Human trafficking is a lucrative business with an estimated transaction of 32 Billion dollars annually . In the Nile valley a variety of people among them the Rashaidas of Eritre

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• of its people have fled the dictatorship of President Isaias Afewerki. Under his government, Human Rights Watch monitors say, “arbitrary arrests, torture, and forced labor are rampant.”

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• Eritrean youth are escapting forced labor and indefinite military service imposed by the Eritrean regime on all Eritreans eighteen to fifty years old. Some Eritreans have been forced to serve in the military for over 13 years.

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• particularly on trafficking, and trained some Eritrean prosecutors and law enforcement officials. However, the government continued to subject its nationals to forced labor in its compulsory national service and citizen militia by forcing them to serve for indefinite or otherwise arbitrary periods. The government did not report any trafficking investigations, prosecutions, or the identification an

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• ey repeat what PFDJ said that USA is against Eritrea. The Diaspora supporters go to the extend of petitioning to lift the sanction and keeps a blind eye to the forced labour that gave rise to the influx of huge number of refugees from Eritrea. At least the Diaspora supporters could have asked the PFDJ to stop the forced labour and bring all the political prisoners and prisoners of conscience to co

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• rture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 3) No person shall be held in slavery or servitude nor shall any person be required to perform forced labour not authorised by Law. l) Finally and currently, the emergence of a heart-breaking news on September 18, 2001 from Asmara from two sources: the BBC Reporter, Alex Last and Radio Dimstzi Hafash as well as a third report form

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• Kibreab, Gaim (2009)Forced labour in Eritrea*. J. of Modern African Studies, 47, 1 (2009), pp. 41–72.

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• pes was that by University of Asmara student union president Semere Kesete. He had been arrested in July 2001 after protesting the university's management of a forced labor national service program for university students. Semere had been imprisoned in an Asmara police station but was never charged with a crime. In July 2002 he managed to escape to Ethiopia with the assistance of one of his guards

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• ription in Eritrea,” documents serious human rights violations by the Eritrean government, including arbitrary arrest, torture, appalling detention conditions, forced labor, and severe restrictions on freedom of movement, expression, and worship. It also analyzes the difficult situation faced by Eritreans who succeed in escaping to other countries such as Libya, Sudan, Egypt, and Italy.

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• by Eritrea’s state-owned Eri TV, has been held since October 2006 in a prison camp in the south of the country, where he is serving a sentence of five years of forced labour for trying to cross the border into Ethiopia, Reporters Without Borders has learned from a former prison interrogator who fled the country a year ago.

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• o be sent to Sawa, the military training camp where many people who had been forcefully recruited had already died due to the harsh conditions (i.e. malaria, forced labour and malnutrition). For these reasons, I managed to leave Eritrea.

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• “Anyone of draft age leaving the country without permission is branded a deserter, risking five years in prison, often in inhumane conditions, as well as forced labor and torture,” it added.

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• afficking in Persons Report, is a source, transit, and destination country for women and children who are subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically for forced labour and forced prostitution. The report says Ethiopians, Eritreans, Sudanese, Indonesians, Filipinos, and possibly Sri Lankans migrate willingly to Egypt where they are sometimes subjected to forced domestic work. A November

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• "Credible sources indicate that violations of human rights include arbitrary detention, torture, summary executions, forced labor, forced conscription, and restrictions to freedom of movement, expression, assembly and religion," she said.

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• batch of high school leavers (11th graders) to Sawa, in a pretext to continue their 12th grade in Warsay Yikalo School, which they spent more of their time on forced labor than school. Then PFDJ leaders declared to open colleges at least one in every Zoba. To convince the Eritrean people there was much propagandas coming out from the Ministry of Education saying that they have a new curriculum (t

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