national service

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• as 41 rooms and 16 restrooms. It is built at a cost of Nfa 9.7 million.It is built mostly from stone crafted with great care. The manpower comprised members of national service under the Warsai-Yikalo campaign. Hence if these were paid, the building would have cost a fortune.

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• people accused of smuggling persons across the border to Sudan, Ethiopia, Djibouti or Yemen; executions, under various pretexts, of young men and women in the national service; torturing people to death, and other countless deaths in the regime’s dungeons from torture, medical neglect and other inhumane conditions, have all been making headlines.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/killedf.htm

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• e "martyrdom" of 19,000 conscript soldiers who died in the war with Ethiopia. The Eritrean government said that he had been sent to the army for his compulsory national service, but he had already performed national service and had a medical exemption from being recalled. The real reason for his arrest and military detention seems to be his broadcast, which appeared to criticise the government.

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• e examined below. (a) Draft evaders/deserters National service49 is mandatory for every Eritrean, male or female, between the ages of 18 and 50. 50 “Active” national service consists of six months of training in the National Service Training Center and 12 months of active military service and development tasks in the military forces for a total of l8 months, 51 save in situations of mobiliza

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/49de06122.pdf

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• ses annoyed both the government and the general populace by refusing to take part in the 1993 independence referendum or to serve the obligatory tours of national service. Although the group was allowed to meet in their ‘Kingdom Halls’ and in private homes, members experienced harassment ranging from detention to the revocation of trading licenses and dismissal from the civil servi

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• dence is so overwhelming and so straightforward that only a starry eyed romantic like Saleh would miss it. Let me start with one man’s testimony before I go to national service and other general similarities.

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• judiciary and the use of a special court system to limit due process; government infringement on privacy rights; government roundups of young men and women for national service; arrest, incarceration, and torture of family members of national service evaders, some of whom reportedly died of unknown causes while in detention; severe restrictions on basic civil liberties, including freedoms of speec

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/suwera56.htm

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• On 24 September 1994 when conscription started, several Jehovah’s Witnesses who were called up for national service refused for reasons of their faith to undergo military training, although they did not reject non-military service.(8) Three were immediately arrested and are still detained in Sawa military base eleven years later – Paulos Eyassu, Negede Teklemariam and Isaac Mogos, now aged in thei

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• Enforced indefinite national service is an increasingly important element of Eritrea’s human rights crisis. Conscripts undergo military training, in itself not illegal. However, they are subjected to cruel military punishments and torture, already described above. Many may be deployed in what constitutes illegal forced labor. Those who try and evade national service are treated cruelly. Evaders ar

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• ion," he recalls. It was 1964 and he had just finished his junior year as a business student at Haile Selassie I University. He was assigned to spend a year of national service teaching math to 9th and 10th graders in Dekemhare, a small rural town in what was then an Eritrean province in northern Ethiopia. But, the experience inspired him. "That's when I decided that, if this is teaching, I really

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• after years of incarceration. The practice of religion is severely restricted for both Muslims and Christians. Since 2002, indefinite military conscription or national service has become mandatory for both men and women between the ages of 18 and 50. Deserters or those suspected of opposition to the government are imprisoned under harsh conditions and subject to torture and forced labour. Those w

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• ent through a democratic process; unlawful killings by security forces; torture and b eating of prisoners, sometimes resulting in death; abuse and torture of national service evaders, some of whom reportedly died of their injuries whil e in detention; harsh and life threatening prison conditions; arbitrary arrest and detention, including of national service evaders and their family members;

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/eritrea-220409.pdf

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• m the uprising and came out with better and effective strategies and plans as to how to implement its policy of forced free labour in 1994. According to the national service proclamation, every Eritrean citizen between the ages of 18 to 40 years, regardless of sex, was required to serve in the 18 months long national service program without payments. Participants of the national service are obl

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• e "martyrdom" of 19,000 conscript soldiers who died in the war with Ethiopia. The Eritrean government said that he had been sent to the army for his compulsory national service, but he had already performed national service and had a medical exemption from being recalled. The real reason for his arrest and military detention seems to be his broadcast, which appeared to criticise the government.

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• ce the Eritrean cause to international organizations of the day. That was a very important achievement. The other role effectively played by us in GUES was the national service. We all were committed to spend one year serving in the field with the ELF before completing our studies. Besides learning more for themselves, the young service students carried with them knowledge, enlightenment and many

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• d upon return, particularly those who had fled the country to avoid conscription. Large numbers of those detained in Shallal are reported to be young adults of national service age, many of whom fled Eritrea to escape military service. As in previous cases documented by Amnesty International in recent years, despite requesting it, none of the Eritrean asylum-seekers has been allowed access to rep

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• Reports from Eritrea say that this group of conscripts – victims of the indefinite national service imposed by the Isaias regime – were being driven to one of the slave labour camps.With the hope of escaping this state sanctioned slavery tens of these conscripts tried to escape the convoy as it was stopped in the heart of Asmara. Troops loyal to the regime responded by firing indiscriminately into

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• government’s border security executed, near the Sudanese border, three young soldiers who were, allegedly, captured while trying to escape to Sudan. The three national service members are: 1. Dawoud Mansour 2. Isak Abraha 3. Mebrahtu Andai (omaal.org, 31 May 2007)

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• tizens over the age of 18–anywhere between 400,000-800,000 people have been in a constant state of mobilization for the last 12 years since the proclamation of National Service in 1995. In 2008, Meron Estefanos (2008) states that there are more than 700,000 Eritrean young people conscripted under the national service and many still continue. Some accounts offer even a higher figure. Beshir Abdulka

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/20112.php

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• It was in July 1996 when over 17 thousand Eritrean youth were sent to a military service in the pretext of ‘fifth round national service’ to the infamous Sawa camp. Despite their expectations that they will be returning home after 18 months of service, these young Eritreans are turning their 14th uninterrupted year in the military service without any sign of demobilization. Unfortunately, many of

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• at numbers. Now the population of Shimelba is more than 13,000 — all caught here in this rock desert with nowhere to go. They are ethnic Tigrinya who fled the "national service" imposed by the Eritrean government in Asmara, and ethnic Kunama, viewed by Asmara as having sided with Ethiopians during the war. The International Rescue Committee has various programs here, assisting refugees with reprod

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• luded the ambassador to Sudan and the chargé d'affaires in Djibouti, both of whom left their posts in September. In mid-2002, the government extended mandatory national service obligations for another two years, providing cheap labor for government projects. Widespread enforcement round-ups were carried out around the country, and as a result hundreds of Eritreans fled to neighboring countries and

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• 19. ማይ ሰርዋ (with underground cells and shipping containers i.e. used to punish political-prisoners and national service dodgers. ቤት ማእሰርቲ

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• enough to meet. If there was a Muslim holiday, I was the first to wish him a nice one and vice versa. The first time I knew him was when he was assigned as a national service student from Addis Ababa University in Agordat. I think it was his choice to come to Agordat. I was a 1st-year student, and he was a 3rd-year student. He used to have contacts with the ELF when he was there. I moved to Suda

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• Critics of Isaias' government say young Eritreans are fleeing political repression and mandatory national service that lasts a minimum of 18 months but can go on years longer. Nearly one in 21 of Eritrea's 4.5 million people is in the military, according to the United Nations.

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• cribed the ordeal of the students held at Wia camp in detail. Prior to the closure of the independent press, a number of journalists were sent to the mandatory national service in what appeared to be an attempt to silence them. The editor and a reporter for one newspaper, Keste Debena, have been forced to flee to Sudan. Both had previously been arrested several times for their reporting. They are

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• Day celebrations, hundreds of people filled Asmara’s Liberation Avenue to watch Kidane perform similar roles in street theater dramas. For a time, his forced national service helped shield him from the worst abuses of the government’s crackdown on the press. On September 18, 2001, just a week after the terrorist attacks against the United States, a split between reformers and conservatives wit

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/ADeathEritreaReport.htm

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• itrea recently, requesting from other countries not to deport Eritrean asylum seekers fleeing military service. Human Rights Watch writes: "Enforced indefinite national service is an increasingly important element of Eritrea’s human rights crisis. Conscripts undergo military training, in itself not illegal. However, they are subjected to cruel military punishments and torture (...). Many may be de

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/flee2.php

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• Large numbers of mainly young Eritreans fled to Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and Sudan to avoid conscription into national service.

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• e in the country. They cannot work and support their families. Every time one tries to do something or work somewhere, they take them away and force them to do national service. For lack of opportunities, the youngsters are finding themselves in a much worse situation. There is land and other means of engaging in work but there is no system that can provide it. If there are people who believe what

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• Forced Labor and Indefinite Military Service National service keeps most young Eritreans in perpetual bondage. Although a decree mandating compulsory national service limits service to 18 months, in practice the government prolongs service indefinitely. National service conscripts are poorly fed and receive inadequate medical care. Eritrean refugees describe them as emaciated. Their pay (less t

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• quickly suspended and there was little further fighting until November, when shelling resumed in contested border areas where Eritrea had mobilized troops and national service conscripts. Several hundred soldiers on each side were reportedly killed during fighting in June and a large number of others taken prisoner. More than 40,000 men, women and children of Eritrean origin, most of them Ethiopi

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/amanual99.htm

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• bodied citizens aged between 18 and 40 are soldiers and forced military conscripts. The right to conscientious objection to military service is not recognized. National service has been extended indefinitely by administrative decision, conscription accelerated and military training shortened. Their government has unleashed a crackdown on all evangelical Christians since 2002. All Pentecostal an

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• ry to flee you risk the possibility of being shot by Eritrean border guards. The government also punishes your family if you manage to escape or desert from national service with fines or imprisonment. However, being an Eritrean youth the only choice you have is either to ta ke the drastic decision to leave your country on this perilous journey or spent years in trenches facing Ethiopian forc

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• social rights, as well as a lack of economic opportunities; excessive militarization of society, with a high proportion of the population either in indefinite national service or the People’s Militia; forced migration and that the government does all of the above with impunity.” In June 2014, the UN appointed a three-person Commission of Inquiry on Eritrea (CoI-E)– (one of whom was the Special R

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• Religious persecution, arbitrary arrests, a muzzled media and mandatory national service sends many young Eritreans fleeing across the border, analysts say.

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• of priests and deacons, representing the younger generation clergy, who have been forcibly conscripted into the army under the guise, euphemistically known as “national service”. The report states that the number for these has reached 1350. The infamous directive that was put out by the government on July 4, 2005 that forced such a large number of the clergy into the army, a reversal of centuries-

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• Amnesty International has received reports of detentions of members of the armed forces including national service conscripts. Many are said to be held in Tsetsarat military prison in Asmara, and others in prisons in military zones. One such case is that of General Bitweded Abraha who is reported to be still held incommunicado and without charge in an Asmara police station after being arrested in

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• Prisoners in Nekhra prison, the exiled and those accused of not performing the national service, are forced to work for the Eritrean Naval Forces without wearing shoes in high temperatures. Some prisoners who were expelled from Malta were afflicted with paralysis and relatives had to carry them when they were released. Most of the detainees got skin diseases and alopecia. Some Army generals force

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• ’s Justice Minister, Fozia Hashim, inquiring of the whereabouts of 15 journalists. The Justice Minister reports that they are either currently participating in national service or working for the government media or ministries.

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• rnment through a democratic process; unlawful killings by security forces; torture and beating of prisoners, sometimes resulting in death; abuse and torture of national service evaders, some of whom reportedly died from their injuries while in detention; harsh and life-threatening prison conditions; arbitrary arrest and detention, including of national service evaders and their family members; exe

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/us2209.php

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• Most of the country is literally starving. A mix of drought, misguided agrarian policy, flagrant land expropriation, lack of labour force (all tied up in the national service), market monopolization and rejection of food aid have caused food crises one year after another. Now, food is rationed and is very expensive. The only food outlets where food can be legally purchased are run by the governmen

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• Some of the sexual harassment and abuse happens to women drafted for national service with some contracting HIV/AIDS. "Paradoxically, childbirth provides the only release from national service into a socially and economically rejecting society. Some Eritrean women marry early simply to avoid the national service. Many victims of rape in the military, contract HIV/AIDS and end up as single mothers,

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• Ministry of Defense, the figure is even higher. Indeed, Eritrea is the most (or second most) militarized country in the world[iii]. According to the country‘s national service act of 1994 every able-bodied person between the age of 18 and 40 is required to do 18 months of service. In practice, however, conscription has become indefinite, while the upper age limit has been raised to 50 and, on occ

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• However, finally, the youth are tired...very tired; national service has turned into indefinite slavery, successive wars and disastrous loss of brothers and friends coupled simultaneously with abduction and torture for unclear reasons—and trror and fear due to the conspiracies of PFDJ spies and fanatic stalwarts.

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• location in the eastern out-skirt of the town. It has 41 rooms and 16 restrooms. It is built at a cost of Nfa 9.7 million... The manpower comprised members of national service under the Warsai-Yikalo campaign.

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• ternal travel permits, exit visas, passports, etcetera.(7) On 24 September 1994 when conscription started, several Jehovah’s Witnesses who were called up for national service refused for reasons of their faith to undergo military training, although they did not reject non-military service.(8) Three were immediately arrested and are still detained in Sawa military base eleven years later – Paulos

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• oners of conscience. Other political prisoners should be given fair trials without further delay; secret detention, torture and "disappearances" must stop; and national service regulations should be revised to allow the right to conscientious objection."

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• on primarily in its mind; in the thorough militarization of the educational system, with illiterate colonels administrating make-shift colleges; in the endless national service, for many lasting more than a decade, a perfect environment to unlearn everything and anything of worth; in its abhorrence for any kind of Western institutions – educational, economic, humanitarian, social, cultural, politi

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• In Aderser military camp there was a clinic that used to provide medical services to the border surveillance unit. At the prison camp there were only two national service recruits (a lady and man) with a very basic medical knowledge who had been assigned to provide first aid health services both to the prison personnel and the prisoners. The health personnel had no appropriate medical equipment an

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• of our youth have melted away by forcibly locking th em up in the front for fire and cold in the name of an Army of National Defence and in the name of the National Service. Development projects of the reconstruction of the nation have come to halt when people are not available to work with inte rest and full capacity. When the country’s economy is hit and its fuel has become ra tionale, is

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• major disasters that has befallen Eritrea in the last five decades. And the latest attempt by Shaebia to do just that (as in the ghedli detour enforced in the National Service) is unraveling the nation at a dizzying pace, as it is being hollowed out demographically, militarily, educationally, economically and socially.

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• d – a philosophy that informs its foreign policy (the encirclement mentality of us versus the world), the ghedli experience that is now being replicated in the national service (with all its nihilist underpinnings), the totalitarian grip under which the teghadelti lived (now imposed all over Eritrea), the culture of martyrdom that sustained ghedli (now invoked to sustain the PFDJ), etc. All of the

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• - Historical Context) DOMESTIC POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS (1991 TO 1997) 3.04 A German Institute of Global and Area Studies (GIGA) academic paper about the national service programme by Nicole Hirt, dated January 2010, stated: “In November 1991 the provisional government of Eritrea, formerly the Eritrea People‟s Liberati on Front (EPLF), introduced a mandatory national service (Proclamation

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/erit136.pdf

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• ternal travel permits, exit visas, passports, etcetera.(7) On 24 September 1994 when conscription started, several Jehovah’s Witnesses who were called up for national service refused for reasons of their faith to undergo military training, although they did not reject non-military service.(8) Three were immediately arrested and are still detained in Sawa military base eleven years later – Paulos

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• ment through a democratic process; unlawful killings by security forces; torture and beating of prisoners, sometimes resulting in death; abuse and torture of national service evaders, some of whom reportedly died of their injuries while in detention; harsh and life-threatening prison conditions; arbitrary arrest and detention, including of national service evaders and their family members; ex

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• sciplinary research programmes in various projects such as the Eritrean Medicinal Plants Project, the Materials Science Project etc., and introducing a Student National Service Programme whereby students spent one academic year before graduation in providing services to the local community ;https://www.iupac.org/publications/ci/2001/july/eritrea2.html The University also contributed to the natio

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• Salah Greinet: Ticket officer in the Eritrean Airlines head office in Asmara. National service corps. Served in the Assab front between 1997 and 2003. Arrested in Asmara.

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• On October 23, 1995, exactly 12 years ago, the National Service programme took effect in Eritrea. Over the years, as the pre-war, war and post-war environment came to define Eritrea, clauses in the proclamation that were applicable for exceptional situations such as states of emergency became the norm, resulting in a nation where practically all citizens over the age of 18--anywhere between 400,00

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• aselasse, and then by Major General Teklai Habteslassie. The latter has a substantial portfolio including coordinator of “Warsay-Yekaalo Project”, a compulsory national service program; as well as Commander of Military Training; Commander of the Southern Zone; and general manager of all military-agro businesses in Gash-Barka.

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• major disasters that has befallen Eritrea in the last five decades. And the latest attempt by Shaebia to do just that (as in the Ghedli detour enforced in the National Service) is unraveling the nation at a dizzying pace, as it is being hollowed out demographically, militarily, educationally, economically and socially".

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• nd civilian women getting much worse during the border conflict and after 2002 when the “Warsai Yikaalo Development Campaign” introduced as an extention of the national service.

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• In 1973 he joined Addis Ababa University Faculty of Science. After a year of studying at the University the Derg came to power and Mohammed had to go to do his national service (Zemecha). In 1976 he ran away from the Derg and came to the UK.

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• Aman Ibrahim Qadi Riyadh Saudi Arabia Mr. Abraham Goitom a.k.a. Mekele Others Assistant-Lieutenan Biniam Mehari Hospital Assistant-Lieutenan Guush Abraha National Service Training C. Assistant-Lieutenan Mohammed Mahmud Weapons Division Assistant-Lieutenan Sium Yemane Weapons Division Brig. General Abrahaley Kifle Eyob Commander of special tasks officer. Commissioner Liaison UNMEE, East c

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• Isaias, the problem of the recent famine in Eritrea is not with him, but with the people. He refuses to admit that his self-reliance policy, with its misguided national service, land expropriation, market monopolization and food aid (or NGO) policies, is mainly to be blamed. With most of the nation’s labor force tied up in the national service, with the most fertile lands grabbed by the government

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• n coverage of the homeland, they are the victims of road-blocks, round-ups and arbitrary house searches as the government tries to capture them for open-ended “national service.” To be caught is to face indefinite involuntary military conscription and servitude. To resist is to face imprisonment or death. To escape is to take on enormous costs and unimaginable risks.

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• Hassen Abdu Ahmed has been in the National Service (“Agelglot”) since the mid-1990s.

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• e that “[i]ndividuals of draft age who left Eritrea illegally may be perceived as draft evaders upon return, irrespective of whether they have completed active national service or have been demobilized,” and that “[t]he punishment for desertion or evasion is so severe and disproportionate such as to amount to persecution.”

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• Following the crackdown on the reformist movement, the government introduced the Warsai Yikaalo Development Campaign (WYDC) in 2012. Through this campaign, the national service was extended indefinitely enabling the government to avoid mass demobilization following the ceasefire in the 2000 border war.

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• il correspondence, Debessay and he graduated from St. George Middle School in 1959 and both of them joined Haileselassie I University in 1967. Their University national service was in 1970/71

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• ed to begin “selective questioning” of individuals who had undergone military training in Eritrea.47 Up to 1,500 former Eritrean soldiers and graduates of the national service in Eritrea were sent from these interrogations directly to internment camps where smaller numbers later joined them. A spokesperson for the Ethiopian government explained that the arrests were undertaken in order to safeg

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• lingness and interest, was forced to serve in the Hegdefite Ministry of Information, due to his literary potential in Amharic. He was assigned to his post as a National Service member from 1999-2006.

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• Eritrean youth is fleeing the country at an alarming rate. Over 30,000 youths have fled the country due to endless national service and Warsai Yikealo projects. They have become our tragic stories; being sacrificed in the Sahara Desert, preyed upon by Bedouins, other African dictators and the Mediterranean Sea. Today’s youth doesn’t have the skills and is ill-equipped to survive in today’s and

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• u try to flee you risk the possibility of being shot by Eritrean border guards. The government also punishes your family if you manage to escape or desert from national service with fines or imprisonment. However, being an Eritrean youth the only choice you have is either to take the drastic decision to leave your country on this perilous journey or spent years in trenches facing Ethiopian forces

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• The shoot-to-kill policy of the PFDJ regime is not new; Under this policy many Eritrean women, children, students, and national service conscripts were killed in the past, including four teenager Eritreans who were killed by the Eritrean border security agents on December 31, 2008 while attempting to cross into the Ethiopian side of the border.[Sourcehttp://eritreanglobalsolidarity.org/forum/index

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• re a combination of the regular army (consisting mainly of former EPLF veterans, mostly as officers, though about half were demobilized) and a vast majority of national service conscripts.

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• All Eritreans between the ages of eighteen and forty-five must perform two years of compulsory national service. In practice, however, the time for service is repeatedly prolonged. There are frequent sweeps to round up evaders. Beginning in 2003, school students must complete their last year of schooling at the military training camp at Sawa, in western Eritrea. The commander of the facility said

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• schools. • Accused of issuing student identity cards to non-students. Reasons why youngsters flee their country If stayed 18 months avoiding the decreed national service program they are liable to be caught as illegal. On top of the stated, a. The extended and prolonged military service program. b. Labor exploitation of the military heads for personal consumption, c. The influence of soci

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• However, finally, the youth are tired...very tired; national service has turned into indefinite slavery, successive wars and disastrous loss of brothers and friends coupled simultaneously with abduction and torture for unclear reasons—and trror and fear due to the conspiracies of PFDJ spies and fanatic stalwarts.

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• iling of ministers, journalists and uncountable and unknown others; the captivity of our youth in the military trenches in the name of the Sawa Project and the National Service; the endless service of our 'Tegadelti'

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•       International Rescue Committee NRDP            National Relief and Development Program NUEW          National union of Eritrean women NSP              National Service Program ODO             Open Doors Organization PFDJ          Peoples Front for Democracy and Justice RRF             Refugees Rights Forum RSF          Reporters Sans Frontières SC           Security Council SCHR    

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/stated.pdf

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• ravel documents, and declared non-citizens by a presidential decree. Many have been thrown in prison for declining to respond to what the regime likes to call "national service", a forced military service programme designed to provide the adventures of the dictator and his war machinery with the necessary cannon-fodder. A very big number of these have been forced to flee such persecution and seek

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• man trafficking inside and outside Eritrea. The report in particular states: The well-documented exodus of young Eritreans to escape poverty or obligatory ‘national service’ represents yet another opportunity for corruption and illicit revenue. People smuggling is so pervasive that it could not be possible without the complicity of government and party officials, especially military officers w

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• sing the university is not the first act of oppression that been placed on us by so called shaebia. To mention some not bringing prisoners to justice, youth in national service for unlimited time, closing down private press, closing down relgion groups and most of all our people don't even have basic necessity like food and shelter.

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• as claimed by the Eritrean Ambassador to Israel, Mr. Tesfamariam Tekeste. The Eritrean refugees understand that Eritrea has the right to defend itself through national service or any other appropriate means. But no Eritrean believes the government has to starve or terrorize the people to achieve its objective. Here is how a 16 year old female Eritrean refugee describes here ordeal to a human

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• In 1994, a national system of military mobilization for young Eritreans legally imposed 6 months of military training and one year of service. National service was perceived as a duty for the citizens which had not participated in the war of independence. Thus, tens of thousands of men and women from 18 and 40 years of old are recruited each year.

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• he prepared for his final exams as a third-year student in the history department. A few weeks later, on 12 March 2001, his brother, Taher, 21, who was in the national service and visiting his family during the Eid, was taken away from his family's home in Keren.

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• president, made a speech at the graduation ceremony criticising the government. In particular, he attacked a compulsory student vacation work program under the national service regulations, and he also complained of government interference with the university. He was arrested shortly afterwards. On 11 August 2001, a habeas corpus application was made to the High Court for the authorities to produc

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• n each side of the border. Ethiopian armed forces were supplemented by volunteers and, according to some accounts, forcible recruiting, while Eritrea mobilised national service conscripts and reservists. There was sporadic shelling over the border areas towards the end of 1998 but no new major clashes were reported until February 1999. On 6 February 1999, fighting broke out again and quickly sp

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• Famine is not only affecting the civilian population, but also those in the national service.

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• aw; it's the difficult conditions and indefinite duration of service that strike fear into so many recruits. And those who are caught trying to desert or evade national service could face severely disproportionate and extra-judicial punishment.

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• I wonder about 64 old man, Eritrea is becoming a devil place for us young people age up to 45 yrs old because endless national service and poletical and economic situation of Eritrea. But this 64 yr old man........ some time we have to make up our mind

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• nment through a democratic process; unlawful killings by security forces; torture and beating of prisoners, sometimes resulting in death; arrest and torture of national service evaders, some of whom reportedly died of abuses while in detention; harsh and life threatening prison conditions; arbitrary arrest and detention, including of family members of national service evaders; executive interferen

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• One of the most egregious offenses, the United Nations commission found, was the forced conscription of young people in a never-ending national service program that has driven thousands of young Eritreans to flee, many to Europe.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/uns.php

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• The relationship between the state and the population is largely determined by conscription for men and women; this national service formally comprises six months' basic training and twelve months' service in the military or in labour services. But in practice, the conscripts are seldom released from service. “Not all national service is military service”, reported Human Rights Watch, “since many

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/der.php

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• Movement in Eritrea is restricted and travel permits, or proof of completion of national service, are required for Eritreans to travel between towns and regions. Eritreans are prevented from holding a passport unless they can prove that they have completed national service. Married women with children are exempt from national service but because they have not completed national service they still

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• ……..in Part I, I described how the aspirations of the Eritrean people have been dashed by PFDJ over the last 20 years and how the national service has ended up becoming a modern day slavery. In Part II, I continued[External image reference] to reflect on my own experience while inside and outside Eritrea including the closure of the University[External image reference] of Asmara. This final part,

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• means of killings without any objective reasons. Tens of individuals have been shot while demonstrating peacefully or while trying to flee from the compulsory national service. The two worst incidents were the criminal killings of the war wounded at Mai Habar and the killings at Adi Abeyto prison, where thousands of deserters from the compulsory national service were detained.

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• rnment through a democratic process; unlawful killings by security forces; torture and beating of prisoners, sometimes resulting in death; abuse and torture of national service evaders, some of whom reportedly died of their injuries while in detention; harsh and life threatening prison conditions; arbitrary arrest and detention, including of national service evaders and their family members; execu

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/rtyy_files/a.htm

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• upper. Since 1993, when members of the Jehovah?s Witness, citing religious reasons, refused to participate in the voluntary referendum vote and 1995, when the ?national service? proclamation was passed and the Jehovah?s Witnesses refused to serve in the military for religious reasons, members of JW have received various forms of state-sanctioned punishment and ostracization, including indefinite a

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• Eritrea. This is in particular related to preventing and punishing protests against the government’s militarisation of society in general, and its much-hated national service campaign. Due to the enormity of human rights abuses in Eritrea, which affect the whole population, it may be difficult to single out certain individuals or groups which are more at risk of attack than the population at la

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/eritrearapport_2_endelig_versjon.pdf

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• ison conditions that included torture and incommunicado detention, which sometimes resulted in death; forced labor of indefinite duration through the mandatory national service program; and the severe restriction of civil liberties including freedom of speech, press, assembly, association, and religion. Other abuses included the following: unlawful killings by security forces; politically motivate

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/tier.php

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• to Sawa and they don’t want to. In almost every case, their siblings are either in the camps or in Israel or elsewhere. In many cases, their parents are in the national service – so why and with whom would they stay!! What is interesting is that many of them succeed only on their 2nd or 3rd attempts. They get caught, they are detained for a few weeks – they wait a few more weeks after they are rel

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/ourref.php

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• d border dispute with Ethiopia to keep Eritrea on a permanent war footing. For much of the adult male and female population, the mandatory 18-month period of national service extends for years, with a large proportion involuntarily serving in the Eritrean army. People under the age of 50 can rarely obtain exit visas to leave the country. Those who try and flee without documentation run the ris

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/er0.pdf

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• nce and for all. The demarcation of border in Eritrea is only a small piece of the puzzle. It is a whole lot more than that. Youth are enslaved in never ending national service with no future hope. Abusing national service themes in Eritrea is one of the basic reasons to this episode.

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• he ELF; leadership member of the PLF, and member of the Referendum Commission in 1992/93. 3. Salah Grienet. Eritrean Airlines, Asmara ticket office. Doing national service since 1996. (Assab front between 1997 and 2003). 4. Jimie Kimeil. Reporter and Sports Editor at 'Eritrea Al Hadeetha'. EPLF fighter. 5. Jeilani (second name unknown). Traffic police, Asmara. 6. Mohammed Jimie Arei.

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• Some current human rights concerns in Eritrea stem from discontent with the National Service Programme3 as well as Islamist incursions near the border with Sudan: in July and August 1995 armed conflict between the government security forces and rebels broke out in the Assab and Danakil regions in northwestern Eritrea, reportedly triggered by young men refusing to do national service (Indian Ocean

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• ith Ethiopia led to the mass militarization of society and suspension of basic rights, including freedom of movement and expression. The mandatory 18 months of national service can extend indefinitely. Detentions are without charge, trial, or access to family, and may include torture and starvation rations.

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• ost of the contemporary asylum seekers are youth from the age of 18-40, many of them University or College graduates, students of Warsay Ykealo School Sawa and national service conscripts. It is also worth mentioning that these days the number of women and children coming to the Sudan is increasing by the day.

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• ering with others to have no direct relevance to the needs of the country at this point in time. Then, all the students from Sawa including some members of the national service were directed to attend the new ‘College’ regardless of the results achieved in their High School Leaving Certificate Examination denying the bright students the opportunity to join the established programs with in the UoA.

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• unknown number of internally displaced persons (IDPs), continued to burden the economy. In addition, much of the skilled labor force continued to serve in the national service. The majority of national service was military but some persons worked in civilian government jobs. International economic assistance accounted for a major portion of external revenues. Remittances from citizens who lived a

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/ERITREA.htm

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• So goes a joke about mandatory national service in Eritrea, a Red Sea state that keeps an estimated 1 in 15 people in the army often for years beyond the obligatory 12 to 18 months.

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• ment, disappeared prominent parliamentarians, arrested countless citizens in secret dungeons,tortured countless youngsters, indefinitely extended the so called national service in effect making them unpaid laborers. The regime disappeared, tortured and killed refugees repatriated by governments of Libya and Malta.It has harassed the youth so much that over 10,000 have fled to Ethiopia, a country t

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• ts in exile to report on the cases. At least 13 journalists are behind bars in Eritrea, with two more enduring prolonged forced labor euphemistically called "national service." These grim statistics have made Eritrea one of the world's five biggest jailers of journalists for five consecutive years, according to CPJ research. The imprisoned journalists have not been formally charged. Eritrean aut

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• Kiloma, 9 December 2006 – As part of the Southern Red Sea region Week, members of the 19th round National Service Program graduated in Kiloma and took oath. Through the Live TV and radio satellite transmission, different programs were staged highlighting the skills the graduates have acquired and the Commander of Operation Zone 4, Maj. General Haile Samuel, gave briefings on the activities undert

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• ident Isaias uses the border standoff and paranoid claims of "western interference" to justify his increasingly totalitarian rule. The country's eighteen-month national-service obligation has been indefinitely extended. This means that much of the adult population (in a nation of about 4.4 million people) works at the direction of the state for years for only a token wage. The majority of national

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• der are from Eritrea, where Human Rights Watch has documented widespread and severe abuses against people seeking to avoid mandatory and indefinitely prolonged national service on wages barely sufficient to survive, and against adherents of “unrecognized” religions and government critics. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) says that more than 80 percent of Eritreans who c

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• most militarized according to the International Institute of Strategic Studies. By law, all able-bodied adult Eritreans are required to perform 18 months of national service; in practice national service is prolonged indefinitely. National service conscripts are paid a pittance and are often used as cheap, involuntary labor on projects for the personal benefit of ranking civilian and military

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/eritrea.pdf

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• he CATEGORIES Read more... EYEWITNESS ACCOUNT Update on the Famine Crisis in Eritrea: the Landless and Beggars As the result of the land expropriation, endless national service programs, crop expropriation and restrictions of trade of food and other items as well as the result of the impact of last crop season’s drought, the Eritrean population has been subjected to famine and hunger. Since my l

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/Role.pdf

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• cal activities. It stripped the Jehovah's Witnesses (Watchtower) Christian sect of civil and political rights because its members in Eritrea refused compulsory national service. International development NGOs have also experienced government restrictions on their work and have been required to channel all their activities and funds through the government, rather than working directly with local co

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• finite, they are exposed to years of abuse, sexual assault and exploitation to the point that many young women leave school and marry young to avoid entering national service in a bid to escape the sexual exploitation by high ranking officers. This booklet is SIHA’s attempt to bring the case of the Eritrean women out of the shadows and into the light. During the past 20 years, increasing num

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/lettersfromeritrea.pdf

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• tter that they will not be buried inside Eritrea. With joy and boldness they signed the paper. For your surprise: these Eritrean parents have three children in national service, working for their nation and defending their country without any payment. But the regime made of them a pariah inside their own country, inside their own town. In October 2004 they had a wedding of their daughter. Nobody f

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• iling of ministers, journalists and uncountable and unknown others; the captivity of our youth in the military trenches in the name of the Sawa Project and the National Service; the endless service of our 'Tegadelti'

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• eking asylum in Israel started to come, too. The vast majority were trying to escape poverty and conscription under an oppressive dictatorship where indefinite national service is mandatory for most -- frequently into their 40s and 50s. Legally leaving the country is nearly impossible. While many Eritreans taken hostage in the Sinai had paid smugglers to take them to Israel, more and more of th

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/sincr.php

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• "Spurred by the rigours and abuses of the national service system, draft-age Eritreans and high school seniors have been fleeing the country in the thousands over the past five years or have gone into hiding," Human Rights Watch said in a report released in January.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/exodusi.htm

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• ritrea and the laws." The statement accused them of not fighting in the liberation struggle, refusing to vote in the independence referendum and refusing to do national service - "they will not have rights equivalent to any other citizens"(14). This official position was reiterated in 2004 by the head of the President’s office: "There are no restrictions on religion. I think the problems were with

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/Three%20Jehovah.htm

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• major disasters that has befallen Eritrea in the last five decades. And the latest attempt by Shaebia to do just that (as in the Ghedli detour enforced in the National Service) is unraveling the nation at a dizzying pace, as it is being hollowed out demographically, militarily, educationally, economically and socially".

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/scrumple.php

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• metimes leading to paralysis or permanent injury. They are detained without any judicial process for months with hard labour; then sent back to the army. Under national service regulations, the punishment for evading conscription is up to three years imprisonment, but the penalty for desertion in time of war could be the death.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/malt.htm

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• ase that they would cease practising their faith. They were held incommunicado and illegally, without being brought before a court or charged with any offence. National service conscripts were also punished if they practised their faith.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/suweraREPORT.htm

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• It has been about 15 years in Eritrea since an experimentation of Khmer Rouge like proportion has been undergoing under the misleading name of “national service”. It is to be remembered that the first thing the Khmer Rouge did when they “liberated” Cambodia was to empty its towns and cities of its inhabitants and drive them to the jungle to make better Khmer out of them – one that ended in a trage

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/SLAV.PHP

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• tematic violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms.” Indefinite Conscription and Forced Labor Eritrea conscripts all men and unmarried women into “national service.” Although Eritrean law limits national service to 18 months, most conscripts serve for much of their working lives. Conscripts are routinely used as forced labor on essentially civilian jobs. In 2013, Human Rights Watch re

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/wor20013.php

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• Members of the armed forces and national service conscripts are held in military prisons, including custodial "rehabilitation centres" in army units. One of the most frequently-named prisons holding recently-arrested political prisoners is Adi Abeto prison near Asmara. This is used for conscripts, returned asylum seekers, and members of minority churches.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/formerde.htm

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• In the ongoing round-up of “parents of national service evaders”, nearly 50 residents of Tsaeda Christian were arrested in midnight raids on Wednesday morning.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/RELIABLE%20NEWS,%20ANALYSIS%20AND%20INFORMATION%20ON%20ERITREA%20-%20Over%2050%20Parents%20Jailed%20in%20Tsaeda%20Christian.htm

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• 2) All Administrative regions and district authorities are instructed to collect the names of women who have not yet participated in the national service program and report the list to concerned government authorities.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/prelocated.php

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• Another topic of conversation that has everyone nodding in agreement at the Shagarab camp is the hated Eritrean national service.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/456eritrea.htm

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• nce and for all. The demarcation of border in Eritrea is only a small piece of the puzzle. It is a whole lot more than that. Youth are enslaved in never ending national service with no future hope. Abusing national service themes in Eritrea is one of the basic reasons to this episode.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/PBS.htm

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• etention; torture; inhumane conditions of confinement; restrictions on freedom of speech, movement, and belief; and indefinite conscription and forced labor in national service. Arbitrary Detention Since September 2001 or even before, Eritreans from all walks of life—government officials, leaders of government-controlled labor unions, businesspeople, journalists, and national service evaders o

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/humawat.php

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• sigenay, was detained by Eritrean authorities and sent to Zara Labor Camp in the country's lowland desert. Authorities accused Haile of failing to complete the National Service Program, but sources told CPJ that the journalist completed the program in 1994. Near the end of 2000, Haile was transferred to an unknown location. CPJ sources say he was released from prison in 2002 but was sent to the a

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/005.htm

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• Recent arrivals have told UNHCR staff that they are fleeing an intensified recruitment drive into the mandatory and often open-ended national service.

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• Some current human rights concerns in Eritrea stem from discontent with the National Service Programme3 as well as Islamist incursions near the border with Sudan: in July and August 1995 armed conflict between the government security forces and rebels broke out in the Assab and Danakil regions in northwestern Eritrea, reportedly triggered by young men refusing to do national service (Indian Ocean

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/politLiberation.htm

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• rture, harsh prison conditions, and incommunicado detention, which sometimes resulted in death. The government continued to force persons to participate in its national service program, often for periods of indefinite duration. The government also severely restricted civil liberties, including freedom of speech, press, assembly, association, and religion.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/report2012.php

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• reely. Their golden age, knowledge, time, energy and resources are wasted. They have become the slaves of the dictatorial regime being recruited in the endless national service or have ended up in the underground prisons of the regime or shot dead on site or tortured to death at the hands of the PFDJ military personnel. The following report is my own experience as a victim of these actions and pol

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/tort.php

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• ng risky journeys to reach Europe or Israel in search of better opportunities. Critics say they are fleeing the country's repressive government, poverty and national service for men until the age of 40.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/ransom.php

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• rnment through a democratic process; unlawful killings by security forces; torture and beating of prisoners, sometimes resulting in death; abuse and torture of national service evaders; harsh and life-threatening prison conditions; arbitrary arrest and detention, including of national service evaders and their family members; executive interference in the judiciary and the use of a special court s

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/usa2010.php

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• Slave labor at national service. This is excerpted from article Eritrea: Mining Companies and Slave Labor by Yosief Ghebrehiwet which was published on Saturday, 09 July 2011. Source url http://asmarino.com/articles/1098-eritrea-mining-companies-and-slave-labor. It is important for outsiders to know the extent (the number of slave laborers) and the years involved in this totalitarian experimentat

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/19591.php

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• s was because he did not perform obligatory military service or its civilian equivalent. In fact, documents show that Mr. Aklilu did perform eighteen months of national service and had a medical deferment for military service.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/7-21-03%20-%20ERITREAN%20REPRESSION%20OF%20THE%20PRESS%20-%202003-07-22.htm

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• al has received new and consistent reports of the widespread and systematic use of torture and ill-treatment of prisoners, particularly by the military against national service conscripts. Torture is used as a standard form of military punishment. Prisoners are commonly beaten but the special and principle torture method is "tying". This was previously used by the EPLF as a punishment within its o

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/4.htm

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• ident Isaias uses the border standoff and paranoid claims of "western interference" to justify his increasingly totalitarian rule. The country's eighteen-month national-service obligation has been indefinitely extended. This means that much of the adult population (in a nation of about 4.4 million people) works at the direction of the state for years for only a token wage. The majority of national

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/eritrea-slender-land-giant-prison.php

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• reans aged between 18 to 30 years are required to serve in the military for a period not exceeding 18 months. In reality, however, once called upon to join the national service there is no means of getting out of it except and unless one is deemed unfit physically or turn into invalid in the course of his service. We have today young men and women who begun serving in the army since the beginning

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/reinter.php

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• the state and putting themselves at great risk. (COR Center Refugee Backgrounder No. 5, 2010, 1). Eritreans also fled their country because of a forced term of national service with an unknown end time as well as a worsening economic situation (UNFPA, 2007, 22). Additionally, Shimelba’s location adds to the host security concerns because it is only 30 kilometers from the Eritrean border. This is

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/shimelba-mai-aini-refugee-camp-final.html

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• systematically killed the private sector; and its food policy, where it is now forcing the peasants to “sell” their food supply directly to the government; its national service policy, where all the productive force of the nation is tied up; its aid policy, where it has categorically refused to receive food aid from international donors. As result, the food condition in Eritrea has now deteriorate

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• The children have given up going to school. Their mother is raising the children as a single mother who fled Eritrea from the HGDEF system of national service for life to provide a better future for her children abroad.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/tragn.php

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• the state and putting themselves at great risk. (COR Center Refugee Backgrounder No. 5, 2010, 1). Eritreans also fled their country because of a forced term of national service with an unknown end time as well as a worsening economic situation (UNFPA, 2007, 22). Additionally, Shimelba’s location adds to the host security concerns because it is only 30 kilometers from the Eritrean border. This is

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/shimelba-mai-aini-refugee-camp-final.html

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• unknown number of internally displaced persons (IDPs), continued to burden the economy. In addition, much of the skilled labor force continued to serve in the national service. The country had an annual per capita income of less than $200, and approximately one-third of the population depended on foreign emergency assistance. The PFDJ and the military exerted a growing economic influence through

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/Eritrea2003.htm

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• reatened Eritrea's state security and the "unity" of the Eritrean people. Other officials claimed that the journalists refused to participate in a compulsory national service program. Still others claimed that their newspapers did not have proper publication licenses. In addition to Dawit Isaac, the detained journalists are:

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/CPJ2002.htm

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• January 2010, stated: “In November 1991 the provisional government of Eritrea, formerly the Eritrea People’s Liberation Front (EPLF), introduced a mandatory national service (Proclamation 18/1991) for all Eritreans, male and female, aged 18 to 40. Initially, this service included six months of military training and 12 months of work on reconstruction and development projects.” [67] 3.05 T

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/report-04-11%5B1%5D.pdf

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• eception. On the other hand, it gave the Eritrean Government an excuse to abandon the demobilization program of the army composed of youth who are serving the national service. The national service becomes open-ended, thus forcing thousands of young Eritreans to go into exile. Refugees from Africa: Refugees from Africa were – and are – forced to leave their homes as a result of wars and conflicts

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/eritrean_refugees.pdf

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• where young people sip cappuccinos and munch on pizza. But many young people complain (quietly) of being chained to dead-end government jobs. By law, mandatory national service is supposed to last 18 months. In reality, it is often indefinite, and few can get permits to exit the country until they are done serving. The government justifies this because of a highly militarized, unresolved border di

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/aw.php

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• conflict between the two countries. The recent arrivals told us that they were fleeing an intensified recruitment drive into the mandatory and often open-ended national service.

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• one within 48 hours accordingly. Their locations remain unknown up to present. Security forces continued to detain and arrest parents of individuals who evaded national service duties or fled the country, along with their family members; there were reports that such parents were either fined 50,000 nakfa ($3,333) or forced to turn their children in to the government”( USA report 2010).

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• to the banning of prayer meetings among armed forces members. Attendance at such meetings is punishable by imprisonment. Moreover, armed forces members and national service inductees reportedly face severe punishment for possession of religious literature, including Bibles.” [5b](p95) 3.10 People detained as religious prisoners of co nscience are reported to be subject to the same or simi

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/190706.pdf

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• ernment used various stratagems to weaken the independent press. For instance whereas during the 1998-2000 war with Ethiopia journalists had been exempted from national service, once they started criticising the government, they came under official pressure to perform their 'national duty'. Many independent journalists also complained about threats from members of the security forces. But Sept

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• ented by human rights organisation reports and discussions with key informants in four cities in the UK, this article examines the extent to which the Eritrean national service and its concomitant Warsai-Yikaalo Development Campaign qualify as forced or compulsory labour as defined by the relevant international conventions. INTRODUCTION This article seeks, firstly, to give an account of the developm

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/force.pdf

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• r a brief respite with independence, it became increasingly oppressive, particu- larly following the 2001 crackdown. Eritrea today is defined by military or national service and by a culture of militarism that profoundly impacts its politics, society and economy, causes the fragility which characterises national life and affects foreign policy and the stability of the surrounding region. It

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/163%20Eritrea%20The%20Siege%20State..pdf

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• er Independence, the government encouraged Eritrean refugees who returned from Sudan by facilitating their travels to the Arabian Gulf. They exempted them from national service so that they can leave the country: what is the difference between an Eritrean Refugee from Sudan and an Eritrean Inside Eritrea. This was done systematically to encourage Eritrean refugees; the majority of whom are lowland

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• ator. Military Conscription Roundups and Arbitrary Arrest of Family Members Eritrean men between the ages of 18 and 50 must perform two years of compulsory national service. In addition to military duties, conscripts are used for public works projects, but there have been repeated reports that they have also been used as laborers on military generals’ personal properties. Spurred by the rigors

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/hr2006.htm

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• t unannounced raids in work places in search of “army deserters and conscription evaders”. Again, it doesn’t matter if the workers have already completed their national service and have been officially demobilized. Since the regime can always come up with an excuse to recall those who have already served in the military for years, no one of them has a guarantee that he/she wouldn’t be recalled to

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• sing the university is not the first act of oppression that been placed on us by so called shaebia. To mention some not bringing prisoners to justice, youth in national service for unlimited time, closing down private press, closing down relgion groups and most of all our people don't even have basic necessity like food and shelter.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/updateduoa.htm

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• persons deemed politically untrustworthy. Few of those detained are formally charged, much less tried, for their alleged offenses. Since 2002 the 18-month national service requirement for Eritreans over the age of 18 has been extended indefinitely. Some conscripts serve for a decade or more and all are likely to be recalled for some perceived offense. Many conscripts are assigned to work fo

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/eritrea0911.pdf

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• Since 2005, there has been an influx of Africans to Israel. The vast majority who arrive today come from Eritrea, where the country’s 18-month national-service obligation has been indefinitely extended, and where religious and political freedom is limited. An April 2009 Human Rights Watch report found “human rights violations by the Eritrean government, including arbitrary arrest, torture, appalli

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• ry service” to defend the indefensible in his response to the CPJ on 9/25/01: “… the journalists may have been arrested for avoiding military service.” But the national service swoop is usually conducted in the cities not by conducting dawn raids at people’s residence. Plus, as everyone knows, the journalists HAD either served or been exempted from the "military service." So, could there be anoth

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• There are believed to have been dozens more arrested and imprisoned during their national service in the Eritrean army since the new year. Several hundred more evangelical Protestant believers, many of them soldiers caught worshipping during their active military service, also remain imprisoned for refusing to recant their faith.

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• The incommunicado detention of dissenting citizens, the poor conditions of detention, failure to review a national service scheme deemed to be conducted in conditions resembling enslavement are some of the known issues HRW reiterated.

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• President Isaias Afwerki today presided over the graduation ceremony of the 18th round of participants of the National Service (NS) program who completed their military training and 12th grade academic courses. Speaking at the graduation ceremony, the President underlined that a citizen has dual responsibilities, namely personal and collective, which he must fulfil. In this connection, the Presi

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• in similar situation have observed and experienced. This means I will be excluding arrests and detentions related to political reasons and families of those in national service (‘national slavery’). By the latter, I mean those families that are forced to pay 50,000 Nakfa (USD 3,333)/individual for those who left the country and 10,000 Nakfa (USD 667)/individual for those who failed to report to th

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• Famine is not only affecting the civilian population, but also those in the national service.

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• ment through a democratic process; unlawful killings by security forces; torture and beating of prisoners, sometimes resulting in death; abuse and torture of national service evaders, some of whom reportedly died of their injuries while in detention; harsh and life threatening prison conditions; arbitrary arrest and detention, including of national service evaders and their family members; exe

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/SAMPLE_Eritrea_Docs_List.pdf

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• When asked about what he meant by endless military service, Moussa replied that “the term for national service [conscription] is de-facto indefinite. Some have remained soldiers and lieutenants under the same rank since their drafting in 1994. In fact, the whole concept of rank and promotion is almost non-existent.”

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• re they are sent to the reception camp of Shegerab  where they are screened for refugee status.  Until recently, most of the refugees were young students and national service escapees. Nowadays, the  category is mixed and includes teachers, soldiers, civil servants, army commanders, and professionals….of  all  ages. In spite of the increase in repression, the authority of the regime is declining

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/EPP_Refugees_E_March1009.pdf

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• s face incredible hardships after arriving in Eritrea. W’ia, their likely destination, is a desert detention facility south of Massawa holding large numbers of national service evaders and individuals caught attempting to illegally leave Eritrea. It is reportedly similar to a concentration camp, with hundreds of prisoners herded nightly into a small bivouac area with no facilities. Those found to

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• the Sudan and Ethiopia immediately after the Ethio-Eritrean war of 1998-2000 ended. It should be noted here that the core of the Eritrean army were made up of National Service (NS) recruited from schools, work places and the rural areas whose age ranging from 18 to 40 years. The army conscription was mandated by the 1995 decree which gave the government the power to recruit young people to serve

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• With the tightening of political control came restrictions on personal freedom. The 18-month national service has for many become open-ended, with exit visas needed for a young Eritrean to leave the country.

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• The call applies to all "national service" members, known locally as "agelgelot", who are not in "active" military duty. This means that the directive is applicable to recruits of the 1st round ("zuria"), trained in 1995, all the way to the 14th round. The most recent recruits are the 19th round: 18,000 youth who graduated from the Kiloma boot camp in December 2006, a group that have been desertin

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• National service — including military duty with no time limit — also drives young people to leave, adding to the refugee crisis. More than 42 percent of the population is under 14.

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• e within 48 hours accordingly. Their locations remain unknown up to present. Security forces continued to detain and arrest parents of individuals who evaded national service duties or fled the country, along with their family members; there were reports that such parents were either fined 50,000 nakfa ($3,333) or forced to turn their children in to the government”( USA report 2010).

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/The_untold_misery_of_Eritreans.pdf

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• commit numerous serious abuses. Tensions increased over the border impasse with Ethiopia, and the government increased its roundups of young men and women for national service and imposed additional travel restrictions on diplomats, humanitarian and development agencies, and UN Mission to Eritrea and Ethiopia (UNMEE).....

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/SouthernRegion_files/ehdr.org.htm

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• President Isaias Afwerki today presided over the graduation ceremony of the 18th round of participants of the National Service (NS) program who completed their military training and 12th grade academic courses. Speaking at the graduation ceremony, the President underlined that a citizen has dual responsibilities, namely personal and collective, which he must fulfil. In this connection, the Presi

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/MinistryInformationcom1.htm

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• 2000 border conflict. Most fled Eritrea to avoid forced conscription into the army, since the Eritrean government mandates that all male citizens enroll into national service on their seventeenth birthday. (Currently, Eritrea has the world’s largest percentage of a country’s citizenry drafted into national service.) National service can either be of a military nature or a civilian, “work gang

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/Eritreans_in_Shimelba.pdf

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• Debesai had been taking part in national service when she was arrested last year for her involvement in Christian activities outside of the government-sanctioned Orthodox, Catholic and Evangelical Lutheran church groups.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/mjkiuo.php

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• By law, each Eritrean is compelled to serve 18 months in national service starting at 18 but in practice conscripts serve indefinitely, many for over a decade. Endless conscription remains a principal driver of migration. The CoI concluded that conditions of national service rise to the crime of enslavement. Conscripts are often assigned to arduous non-military construction and agriculture projec

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/hwr2016.php

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• d trained some Eritrean prosecutors and law enforcement officials. However, the government continued to subject its nationals to forced labor in its compulsory national service and citizen militia by forcing them to serve for indefinite or otherwise arbitrary periods. The government did not report any trafficking investigations, prosecutions, or the identification and protection of any victims. Th

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/trtafi.php

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• It was in July 1996 when over 17 thousand Eritrean youth were sent to a military service in the pretext of ‘fifth round national service’ to the infamous Sawa camp. Despite their expectations that they will be returning home after 18 months of service, these young Eritreans are turning their 14th uninterrupted year in the military service without any sign of demobilization. Unfortunately, many of

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/quaker.htm

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• aselasse, and then by Major General Teklai Habteslassie. The latter has a substantial portfolio including coordinator of “Warsay-Yekaalo Project”, a compulsory national service program; as well as Commander of Military Training; Commander of the Southern Zone; and general manager of all military-agro businesses in Gash-Barka.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/BrigadierGeneralHabtezionHadguArrested,%20Again.htm

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• nd worked in the Amharic radio program. He read jokes, poems, news etc. Sawa training was then initiated. Since he was partially disabled, he was allowed to do national service in non-military activities. When the Amharic radio program was discontinued, he began to work privately producing plays on video cassettes about love and other topics. While he was doing that, I came [to Eritrea] to see my

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/The%20Uprooted1.htm

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• a) any person who, within the last 11 years (since the enactment of the National Service Proclamation in 1994), had been summoned to do national service (Sawa) but did not report as required;

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/Government%20To%20Jailed%20Parents%20Pay%2010-50,000%20Nakfa,%20Hunt%20Down%20Your%20Children.htm

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• In Aderser military camp there was a clinic that used to provide medical services to the border surveillance unit. At the prison camp there were only two national service recruits (a lady and man) with a very basic medical knowledge who had been assigned to provide first aid health services both to the prison personnel and the prisoners. The health personnel had no appropriate medical equipment an

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/stor.php

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• spreading from Eritrea, Ethiopia and the Sudan to Cairo, the Sinai and Israel. The majority of the slave drivers are former freedom fighters and members of the National Service. They conduct their business in the open afraid from no one. Some are members of the group who vowed to oust the EPLF regime from power by any means necessary including armed confrontation. Their presence in the cities and

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/opref.php

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• “The state’s demand for the sacrifice of individual ambition to the greater good of the Eritrean nation – resigning oneself to, in effect, indefinite national service – causes more and more Eritreans to leave the country, even if that means risking their lives,” adds Barnes.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/fleeo.php

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• cal activities. It stripped the Jehovah’s Witnesses (Watchtower) Christian sect of civil and political rights because its members in Eritrea refused compulsory national service. International development NGOs have also experienced government restrictions on their work and have been required to channel all their activities and funds through the government, rather than working directly with local co

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/Eritreadetentio.htm

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• metimes leading to paralysis or permanent injury. They are detained without any judicial process for months with hard labour; then sent back to the army. Under national service regulations, the punishment for evading conscription is up to three years imprisonment, but the penalty for desertion in time of war could be the death.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/malta.htm

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• people being held in detention camps are former fighters for Eritrea who were demobilized after Eritrean independence. Also detained are persons who performed national service in Eritrea, on the grounds that they have received military training. Generally, it appears that all young and able bodied males are thus separated and detained. It remains unclear as to whether these detainees will be deta

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/DEPORTATION2.htm

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• luded the ambassador to Sudan and the chargé d'affaires in Djibouti, both of whom left their posts in September. In mid-2002, the government extended mandatory national service obligations for another two years, providing cheap labor for government projects. Widespread enforcement round-ups were carried out around the country, and as a result hundreds of Eritreans fled to neighboring countries and

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/Report2003%20AfricaEritrea.htm

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• people being held in detention camps are former fighters for Eritrea who were demobilized after Eritrean independence. Also detained are persons who performed national service in Eritrea, on the grounds that they have received military training. Generally, it appears that all young and able bodied males are thus separated and detained. It remains unclear as to whether these detainees will be deta

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/DEPORTATION2.htm

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• Failure to complete national service - all students must go to Sawa after secondary school completion to carry out their military training before they are allowed to join any higher education institution when they achieve the required entry grades. The national service is carried out after graduation.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/kidanewomen.htm

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• My name is Benjamin. I had gone to Sawa to fulfill my National Service in 1996. I stayed there for eight years. When I was there I suffered so many times because of my faith. [As Christians] we don't have rights to speak or to protect ourselves. We don't have any control. Then they [the military authorities] took us. They forced us to deny our faith. If we refused, they beat us and punished us. I

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/Christianityca.htm

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• As the result of the land expropriation, endless national service programs, crop expropriation and restrictions of trade of food and other items as well as the result of the impact of last crop season’s drought, the Eritrean population has been subjected to famine and hunger. Since my last report the prices for grain has almost remained constant because the government has to some degree loosened t

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/177-eritrean-president-no-trial-for-swedish-journalist.htm

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• for Asmara and became a trader and was helping his family. However, because the nation that made everybody restless also caught him, in 1995, he was called for national service, 2nd round, and went to Sawa. He finished his obligation and returned to Asmara in 1996. Similar to what he did before, he returned to his trading and buying/selling to help his family.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/Testimonytory.htm

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• Following their arrest, about 18 church members were taken to Mai Serwa military prison and punished for evading national service, which is compulsory for all males and females aged over 18. They are reportedly locked up in metal shipping containers, where conditions are said to be suffocating and in which temperatures range from zero degrees at night to 28 degrees in the day.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/action.htm

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• vice. He had to get out in protest against tyranny and hopelessness. He faces punishment for alleged draft dodging or desertion. Critics say the repressive national service is aimed at maintaining absolute control over a disenchanted young generation and prevent any popular uprising. The government says its actions are justified because it is in a state of war with Ethiopia. But the intern

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/swedin.htm

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• tnesses cannot receive more than an 8th grade education in Eritrea. When students register for high school in 9th grade, they are also required to register for national service. Upon completing the 11th grade, high school students are obliged to go to Sawa military camp to complete their 12th-grade education. The government recently established a school in Sawa, under military supervision, so that

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/jov.htm

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• ssure on the Eritrean government to implement the rule of law, to respect the rights and dignity of the Eritrean people and to end the open-ended nature of the national service which has been the root cause of the youth exodus during the past decades.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/epdp.php

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• ho have revoked their Eritrean citizenship by their refusal to take part in the referendum, have now reconfirmed their position by refusing to take part in the National Service, thus deciding to revoke their citizenship.”

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/joh.php

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• commit numerous serious abuses. Tensions increased over the border impasse with Ethiopia, and the government increased its roundups of young men and women for national service and imposedadditional travel restrictions on diplomats, humanitarian and development agencies, and UN Mission to Eritrea and Ethiopia (UNMEE). The following human rights problems were reported:

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/Eritreao.htm

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• ealo development program. With the sole purpose of having inexhaustible free labor and illiterate citizens at its disposal the government introduced compulsory national service in 1995. Thus condemned to perpetual slavery hundreds of thousands of Eritreans were drafted never to be demobilized and began serving the government without pay or compensation. All the young men and women of Eritrea now b

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/misery.php

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• Hassen Abdu Ahmed has been in the National Service (“Agelglot”) since the mid-1990s.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/abdufamily.php

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• ing to the banning of prayer meetings among armed forces members. Attendance at such meetings is punishable by imprisonment. Moreover, armed forces members and national service inductees reportedly face severe punishment for possession of religious literature, including Bibles.

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/anare.php

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• pia. Arsama's death was just one reason for their escape. Gebre was exasperated with seven years in the military - part of Eritrea's obligatory decades-long national service - with not even enough money to pay for food for his family. There seemed no end to the misery, Gebre recalled, here in Ethiopia. The crossing took place under a new moon. The plan was to go first to Sudan, stay for a bi

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/maineff.php

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• the ruling party, the pre-requisite factor being party loyalty instead of merit and skill. Some of the returnees have been also subject to unlimited scheme of national service programme for which reason many Eritreans are abandoning the country often at a great risk to their lives. It is worth noting that such a scheme also includes recruitment in the army without sufficient salary and for unlimi

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/7has.htm