military conscription

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• uding an army general arrested in the first year of independence, and several people detained for a whole decade – including three Jehovah's Witnesses refusing military conscription and over 20 Muslim teachers. Prisoners of conscience arrested more recently include over 150 Eritreans deported from Malta in late 2002, hundreds of national service conscripts who might be conscientious objectors, ove

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• formation provided by the States concerned, three main trends in the claims can be identified. First, a significant number of Eritrean nationals are fleeing military conscription. Secondly, there are Eritreans fleeing the country on account of religious persecution. The third typology in the asylum claims can be grouped together under the broad

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• He says Eritrean youth flee their homeland for two main reasons: indefinite military conscription without pay and economic deprivation.

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• rnational believes these prisoners were jailed on account of their non-violent opinions and criticisms of the government or, in some cases, their opposition to military conscription. None has been brought before a magistrate, although the Constitution and laws require this within 48 hours. None has been charged with any offence. Their detention is unlawful, but no lawyer or judge dares to challeng

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/10thindependence.htm

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• wn on minority religious groups was never given by the government but it appeared to be partly linked to government action against young people trying to avoid military conscription, although none of evangelical churches opposed military service. It also reflected the government’s general repression and intolerance of freedom of opinion and association. The government appeared to be punishing any

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• recently dying in prison after years of incarceration. The practice of religion is severely restricted for both Muslims and Christians. Since 2002, indefinite military conscription or national service has become mandatory for both men and women between the ages of 18 and 50. Deserters or those suspected of opposition to the government are imprisoned under harsh conditions and subject to torture a

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• Christians” [84] (p1) . The US State Department 2008 International Religi ous Freedom report noted that “While many were ostensib ly jailed for evasion of military conscription, significant numbers were bei ng held solely for their religious beliefs, and some were held in harsh cond itions, such as in shipping containers or underground, that included extreme te mperature fluctuations. Ther

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/eritrea-220409.pdf

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• uding an army general arrested in the first year of independence, and several people detained for a whole decade – including three Jehovah's Witnesses refusing military conscription and over 20 Muslim teachers. Prisoners of conscience arrested more recently include over 150 Eritreans deported from Malta in late 2002, hundreds of national service conscripts who might be conscientious objectors, ove

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/noright.htm

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• ation of their faith, in shipping containers, secret cells or underground prisons. They are detained in a number of military prisons (with over 230 in Sawa military conscription and training centre, near the Sudan border), Mai Serwa army camp near Asmara, and police and security prisons in Asmara, Keren town in the north and the Red Sea port of Assab.

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• ly a humanitarian concern. And this continues to be so: The people from Darfur and Southern Sudan have fled annihilation; those from Eritrea fled war, lifetime military conscription and persecution. A substantial proportion of refugees from both places were tortured along the way, many of the women have been gang raped by their Sinai Bedouin guides, and all the refugees dodged brutal imprisonment

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• y have been arrested for suspected opposition to the government, practising their religious beliefs as members of banned evangelical or other churches, evading military conscription or trying to flee the country. The act of seeking asylum itself is considered as an act of treason by the Eritrean authorities, opening all returned asylum-seekers to the risk of arbitrary arrest and detention on this

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• hey have been arrested for suspected opposition to the government, practising their religious faith as members of banned evangelical or other churches, evading military conscription or trying to flee the country. Rejected asylum-seekers forcibly returned from Malta in 2002 and Libya in 2003 are still detained in secret. Hundreds of Eritreans who are currently detained in Libya and Sudan are at ris

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• s and civil society were highly restricted. Perceived critics of the government remained in detention. Deserters from the armed forces, those evading mandatory military conscription, and their families, were harassed, imprisoned and subjected to ill-treatment. Family members of detainees reported that international communication was monitored by the government and could lead to reprisals.

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• In February 2006, 75 Protestant Christian evangelical young men and women were arrested. The arrest occurred during their required military conscription at Sawa, the military training center mentioned above. These young students were put under military detention and punishment "for reading Bibles and praying during free time." An Eritrean Christian told Compass Direct that in Sawa "to possess your

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• rom a country where several hundred relatives (fathers, mothers, eldest available brother or closest adult relative) of people who have evaded or deserted from military conscription or failed to report for national service since 1994 have been arrested and held incommunicado, in harsh conditions. The arrest includes of elderly people, some of whom are infirm or blind, their crimes facilitating the

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• presentation. 2. Why an Eritrean refugee decides to live his country? Eritrea's extensive detention and torture of its citizens an d its policy of prolonged military conscription are causing Eritreans to flee the country. Arbitrary arrest, torture, appalling detenti on conditions, disappearances, forced labour, and severe restrictions on freedom of movement, expression, and worship forces th

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• rmies on the continent — 320,000 soldiers, according to the World Bank. Virtually every Eritrean man and woman is subject to long, grueling and sometimes fatal military conscription.

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• er facing charge or trial. They are arrested for reasons including opposition to the government, being members of banned evangelical or other churches, evading military conscription or trying to flee the country. Sunni Islam is one of the four officially recognized religions in Eritrea, along with the Catholic, Orthodox and Lutheran Christian churches.

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• wn on minority religious groups was never given by the government but it appeared to be partly linked to government action against young people trying to avoid military conscription, although none of evangelical churches opposed military service. It also reflected the government’s general repression and intolerance of freedom of opinion and association. The government appeared to be punishing any

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• en denounced by United Nations officials for systematic repression, which refugees say includes religious persecution, frequent use of the death penalty, and a military conscription program that can last for decades and amount to forced labor. A 2010 State Department report accused the military of keeping troops on "indefinite" service to operate mines, beach resorts and other businesses. The a

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• e right to freedom of opinion and belief, there have also been new recent arrests of members of religious faiths. Arrests also continue against people refusing military conscription or deserting it.

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• nes for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Asylum-seekers from Eritrea , published on 20 April 2011, stated that: “Although the minimum age for military conscription is 18, forced underage recruitment, particularly of boys, as well as detention and ill-treatment of children have been reported.” [32b] (p16) LEGAL RIGHTS 22.04 The Constitution mentions children speci

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/erit136.pdf

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• wn on minority religious groups was never given by the government but it appeared to be partly linked to government action against young people trying to avoid military conscription, although none of evangelical churches opposed military service. It also reflected the government’s general repression and intolerance of freedom of opinion and association. The government appeared to be punishing any

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• sion and worship, and forced labor are routine...thousands of people fled the country in 2009 due to Eritrea’s serious human rights violations and indefinite military conscription. [29d] (p1) “Deaths in custody are common as a result of ill-treatment, torture, starvation, and denial of medical care. Many other detainees have ‘disappeared,’ their whereabouts unknown. In 2009 a

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• rnational believes these prisoners were jailed on account of their non-violent opinions and criticisms of the government or, in some cases, their opposition to military conscription. None has been brought before a magistrate, although the Constitution and laws require this within 48 hours. None has been charged with any offence. Their detention is unlawful, but no lawyer or judge dares to challeng

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• risk of torture if they returned home. Many of them arriving in Egypt are Pentecostal Christians escaping religious persecution and others are trying to avoid military conscription, they said.

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• orced marriage, and more often while completing military training). Some females also explained their physical restrictions, particularly concerning enforced military conscription, as is explained below. Greater discrepancies appeared between age groups in both Ethiopia and Sudan; while children of any age flee from Eritrea for reasons of family reunification, sponsorship and economic burdens or

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• ound-ups and arbitrary house searches as the government tries to capture them for open-ended “national service.” To be caught is to face indefinite involuntary military conscription and servitude. To resist is to face imprisonment or death. To escape is to take on enormous costs and unimaginable risks.

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• Rights groups say Eritrea has turned into a "giant prison" where detentions, torture and prolonged military conscription have become rife since a 2001 crackdown on perceived political opponents, including senior officials.

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• ans here are men, mainly between the ages of 22 and 40, as well as many unaccompanied male minors. She said many of these were believed to have fled compulsory military conscription in Eritrea, which can be extended indefinitely by the government. The government often deals harshly with deserters. The refugees face a harrowing journey on their way to Israel. In addition to physical ailments, p

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• ary. How else are our youth expected to learn? Especially when they read, write and perform in schools knowing that all roads to graduation lead to unavoidable military conscription. For those already in their last year of high school diplomas are almost immediately replaced by rifles. Leading one former teacher at a Sawa school to recall that “students could not study. They [are] always being for

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• Eritrea's extensive detention and torture of its citizens and its policy of prolonged military conscription and Arbitrary arrest, torture, appalling detention conditions, disappearances,forced labour, and severe restrictions on freedom of movement, expression, and worship are causing Eritreans to flee the country and forces the youth to take any desperate measure in search of freedom. Military ser

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• It represents continuity of military-oriented mobilization by a predominantly EPLF government after the liberation war into the independence era(18). Post-war military conscription is also a reaction to the threat of a new war with Ethiopia and the threat from Ethiopia to Eritrea's independence and security. The Eritrean armed forces are a combination of the regular army (consisting mainly of for

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• use of forced migration at this moment. Sawa is also the starting point for the horrendous human rights violations committed against Eritrean victims of forced military conscription, both in the Sawa Military Training Centre and in several units of the regular and reserve Eritrean army. On the other hand, the Sinai Desert, located in Northeast Egypt, is the place where the worst form of human traf

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• of hundreds of Eritrean and Ethiopian refugees back to their home countries. Many were killed upon arrival and others thrown into prison or subjected to forced military conscription.7

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• Eritreans arriving in recent months include Pentecostal Christians fleeing religious persecution and others trying to avoid military conscription, activists say.

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• e called one at a time, with two guards, one asking the questions, the other doing the beating. (AI 2004: 30). The women, children and those over the age of military conscription (40 years) were reportedly released after some weeks of detention, while the rest were sent to different detention centres in Eritrea and kept incommunicado and ‘subjected to forced labour, interrogated and tortured

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• risk of torture if they returned home. Many of them arriving in Egypt are Pentecostal Christians escaping religious persecution and others are trying to avoid military conscription, they said.

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• Rights groups say Eritrea has turned into a "giant prison" where detentions, torture and prolonged military conscription have become rife since a 2001 crackdown.

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• nsistent firsthand accounts of widespread abuses. Thousands of people fled the country in 2009 due to Eritrea’s serious human rights violations and indefinite military conscription. Arbitrary Detention, Enforced Disappearances, and Deaths in Custody Thousands of Eritreans are estimated to be incarcerated in known and secret detention facilities. In September 2001 the government arrested

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/eritrea.pdf

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• ekers who were deported by the Malta and the Libyan governments in 2002 and 2004, are in prison. Thousands of youths have been arrested on suspicion of evading military conscription and are still detained in secret detention places, at Galeloa hard labour prison camps, Wie detention centre, Nakura and elsewhere. A dozen prisoners at Adi Abeto were killed by the guards on 4 November 2004 and a furt

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• he young are left with no option but to leave Eritrea for their safety. What is the reality of Eritrea today? 3.1 The Reality of Eritrean refugees 3.1.1 Military conscription The open ended military service that the young and the not so young are forced to undergo is the primary source of the refugee crisis we are witnessing today. As prescribed by government decree of 1994 individual Eri

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• s; human beings deprived of the most basic human rights whose only ’crime’ is to seek a life away from a heartless dictatorship, away from starvation, enforced military conscription, rape, torture, intimidation, widespread corruption, and the absence of any real law. The UNHCR, International Organization for Peace, Care and Relief (IOPCR), Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, CSW, and ot

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• itical participation is fairly high. One reason for this is the widespread discontent with the government's management of the economy and with the indefinite military conscription of Eritreans under the age of 35. Either way, the tight controls on the population mean that this support for democracy does not amount to much in practice. “Democracy index 2010 by category (on a scale of 0 to 10)

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  Source: http://www.ehrea.org/report-04-11%5B1%5D.pdf

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• he arrest of three reformist bishops. He had already been stripped of administrative functions in 2005 in favor of a government-appointed lay administrator. Military Conscription Roundups and Arbitrary Arrest of Family Members Eritrean men between the ages of 18 and 50 must perform two years of compulsory national service. In addition to military duties, conscripts are used for public works pr

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• he college entrance exam in Sawa is largely engaged to road construction, dam and house building As a result of forced labour, detention, torture and prolonged military conscription the number of young graduates from higher education in Eritrea like Mulu Ghebrekidane who fled increased significantly. This contributed to the brain drain.

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• Approximately a thousand Eritreans migrate to Sudan and Ethiopia every month to avoid the indefinite military conscription and total absence of civil liberties in Eritrea.

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• Several hundred relatives of people who have evaded or deserted from military conscription have reportedly been arrested in the Debub region of southern Eritrea since 15 July. They are held incommunicado, many in harsh conditions, and are at risk of torture or ill-treatment. Some reportedly began a hunger strike in protest at their detention. Amnesty International fears that the arrest campaign co

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• risk of torture if they returned home. Many of them arriving in Egypt are Pentecostal Christians escaping religious persecution and others are trying to avoid military conscription, they said.

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• July 29, 2009 The brutal political repression, the massive military conscription among the youth, and the persistent hunger and famine across the country is driving hundreds of Eritreans to seek political asylum in Sudan. In the past week, between July 20 and July 28, 2009 alone, 408 Eritrean refugees arrived in Shegerab refugee camp ‐ a camp located in Eastern Sudan, sources of Eritrean Peopl

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• not receive high school graduation certificates, attain higher education, or be offered some types of jobs. Government policy bans persons younger than 18 from military conscription; however, according to previous reports from some organizations outside of Eritrea, the government in some instances includes children younger than age 18 in groups sent to Sawa. For unreported reasons, during the curr

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• Rights groups say Eritrea has turned into a "giant prison" where detentions, torture and prolonged military conscription have become rife since a 2001 crackdown.

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• arrive in Ethiopia, with the UN Refugee Agency, UNHCR, expressing concern over the rising numbers. "Most say they left their country [to avoid] a prolonged military conscription, but they also say they want to join their families on the road," Moses Okello, UNHCR’s representative in Ethiopia, told IRIN. Ethiopia hosts at least 61,000 Eritrean refugees. UNHCR has described the latest Erit

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• n part, the EMDHR owes its origin to three concurrent conditions: 1) the intensification of human rights violation in Eritrea since 2001, including involuntary military conscription, 2) repeated intimidations of Eritrean students by the Eritrean Embassy in South Africa, and 3) President Isayas’ demoting response to one particular question asked by a student during July 2002 meeting in Durham…the r

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• (London, April 16, 2009) – Eritrea’s extensive detention and torture of its citizens and its policy of prolonged military conscription are creating a human rights crisis and prompting increasing numbers of Eritreans to flee the country, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today.

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• rmies on the continent — 320,000 soldiers, according to the World Bank. Virtually every Eritrean man and woman is subject to long, grueling and sometimes fatal military conscription.

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• At least 27 Jehovah’s Witnesses are also imprisoned because of their conscientious objections to military conscription, which Eritrean law requires of all citizens, both male and female.

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• y have been arrested for suspected opposition to the government, practicing their religious beliefs as members of banned evangelical or other churches, evading military conscription or only for trying to flee the country.

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