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And you wonder why a person would say such thing like that. Well! Because the living cost is high, a lot of family lost their loved ones during the war with Ethiopia and as a result no one is home to take care of their parents, mentally challenged people are on the rise, unemployment, education is deteriorating dramatically, trading is controlled by PFDJ, no export or import is allowed for private sectors, people have to wait long line with a coupon to get basic needs such as sugar, teabag, pasta…etc. there are a lot of jail cells than public housing, a lot of prisoners with out trial, and the worst part is that visitation is not allowed. I can keep on going, but the lists above are enough for now. When a person says that it is better before yesterday than after tomorrow, it says it all in short sentence. It means that there is no hope or future in Eritrea. However, what still surprise me is that people are very scared to react to this brutal dictator administration. I dare to say that 95% of Eritrean population are not happy, but yet they just watch see Eritrea going to hell. What happen to our patriotism? And for how long are we going to be scared? When are we going to say enough is enough? Or should we just wait for the time and pray to God for a better future? I leave the answers to the readers. Let me tell you a short true story that happened in Asmara. There were two elderly in their 60's sitting on the bench and saw un Italian lady passing by with her child and they started to talk in Italian…komostay toto bene chaw… and one young guy in his 20's got furious and started to question the two elderly Eritreas. The conversation goes like this: Young guy in his 20s says, \"Do you like Italians?\" One of the elderly in his 60s replied, \"yes.\" Young guy furiously said, \"why\" Elderly replied, \"because they taught me language, mechanic, civil engineering…\" Young guy interrupted and said, \"didn't the Italians oppressed us, they even sent our ancestors to NAKURA\" The second elderly answered by saying, \" Even now under Iseyas Regime they send you to NAKURA.\" After that conversation, the young guy's emotion slowed down and headed home. So dear readers, I want you to think about this, is that true in Eritrea it is better before yesterday than after tomorrow? Even though, a mentally challenged person said it, and still implies to all of us. May God Bless Eritrea and the People! May God finish The misery of Eritreans under Isseyas Regime! Glory to our Fallen Brothers and Sisters in the Struggle! Sincerey, Wedebat-Eritra.", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "01ac9765f8a9aca4aaa24422", "source_sha256": "b660ad2f29317fd84909aa027e22f744e7fc898798fc9c9dd604220df2bc8488", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-8c187543abf7e7ff13607570", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/3/1/1/3/5/1/1/1/1/0/0", "start": 5403, "end": 5451 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Eritrea under brutal dictator \nBy Daniel Dawit, 04.07.2005" } ] }, { "id": "b-d466fafba7389f06755e6551", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/3/1/1/3/6", "start": 5564, "end": 6517 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"It is better before yesterday than after tomorrow\", said one mentally challenged person. And you wonder why a person would say such thing like that. Well! Because the living cost is high, a lot of family lost their loved ones during the war with Ethiopia and as a result no one is home to take care of their parents, mentally challenged people are on the rise, unemployment, education is deteriorating dramatically, trading is controlled by PFDJ, no export or import is allowed for private sectors, people have to wait long line with a coupon to get basic needs such as sugar, teabag, pasta…etc. there are a lot of jail cells than public housing, a lot of prisoners with out trial, and the worst part is that visitation is not allowed. I can keep on going, but the lists above are enough for now. \nWhen a person says that it is better before yesterday than after tomorrow, it says it all in short sentence. It means that there is no hope or future in Eritrea. However, what still surprise me is that people are very scared to react to this brutal dictator administration. I dare to say that 95% of Eritrean population are not happy, but yet they just watch see Eritrea going to hell. What happen to our patriotism? And for how long are we going to be scared? When are we going to say enough is enough? Or should we just wait for the time and pray to God for a better future? I leave the answers to the readers. \nLet me tell you a short true story that happened in Asmara. There were two elderly in their 60's sitting on the bench and saw un Italian lady passing by with her child and they started to talk in Italian…komostay toto bene chaw… and one young guy in his 20's got furious and started to question the two elderly Eritreas. The conversation goes like this:\nYoung guy in his 20s says, \"Do you like Italians?\"\nOne of the elderly in his 60s replied, \"yes.\"\nYoung guy furiously said, \"why\"\nElderly replied, \"because they taught me language, mechanic, civil engineering…\"\nYoung guy interrupted and said, \"didn't the Italians oppressed us, they even sent our ancestors to NAKURA\"\nThe second elderly answered by saying, \" Even now under Iseyas Regime they send you to NAKURA.\"\nAfter that conversation, the young guy's emotion slowed down and headed home. So dear readers, I want you to think about this, is that true in Eritrea it is better before yesterday than after tomorrow? Even though, a mentally challenged person said it, and still implies to all of us." } ] }, { "id": "b-ee9bd894ff64ca59b618017b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/3/1/1/3/25/0", "start": 8588, "end": 8624 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "May God Bless Eritrea and the People!\nMay God finish The misery of Eritreans under Isseyas Regime!\nGlory to our Fallen Brothers and Sisters in the Struggle!" } ] }, { "id": "b-d54b829e064c2fd014237599", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/3/1/1/3/27/0", "start": 8798, "end": 8806 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Sincerey,\nWedebat-Eritra." } ] } ], "anchors": {}, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/3/1/1/1", "start": 295, "end": 5236 }, "text": "GUIDELINES", "text_sha256": "af0b2101964d3fc60f0a768b5f828af52ceb1d3c980971cdd400a8c17a74c6a8", "reason": "Inherited Dekebat menus/publishing footer", "evidence": "Separate side columns or footer marked Guidelines/land/people/culture/navigation or publisher disclaimer; article and closing message remain.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/3/1/1/5", "start": 8857, "end": 11317 }, "text": "GUIDELINES NEWS Embaye LAND PEOPLE CULTURE METKELATNA INTERVEWS GUIDLINES LINKS Ainfalale ARCHIVE NEWS MESKREM ALKAHALA Eritrea1", "text_sha256": "1eb3ce8c027b532c92f3aaf9d3609ff75c12758be5d5cf8d8e74477c6dbc153f", "reason": "Inherited Dekebat menus/publishing footer", "evidence": "Separate side columns or footer marked Guidelines/land/people/culture/navigation or publisher disclaimer; article and closing message remain.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5", "start": 11346, "end": 11662 }, "text": "Dekebat-Eritra.com is not responsible for the contents of the above mentioned article. 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no translation or metadata rewrite.", "source_sha256": "068afaf7734e9d576a6c1843bde4642143d19fc83d81aa9d1cae124110541913", "evidence": [ { "kind": "catalog-text", "quote": "Torture and Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment" } ] }, "editorial_title": true, "title_review_required": false, "alternate_titles": [ "Torture and Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment" ], "language": "en", "author": null, "byline": null, "byline_role": null, "date": null, "metadata_evidence": [], "text": "Torture and Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment Excerpts from State Repression and Indefinite Conscription in Eritrea The internationally accepted definition of torture includes any act that involves the intentional infliction of severe mental or physical pain or suffering for such purposes as the extraction of information or a confession or as intimidation or punishment.94 Torture is routine in Eritrea, both for those detained in prisons and as punishment for those in military service. Political prisoners, including journalists or teachers, interviewed by Human Rights Watch described torture in custody to force them to disclose collaborators, whilst those punished for their religious beliefs described being tortured in order to renounce their faith. In many cases former detainees were beaten or tortured in order to extract information, but in other situations they were simply beaten, tied up, or left to suffer in the sun without any obvious intention to gather information, simply as punishment. According to eyewitness accounts gathered by Human Rights Watch, torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment by military officers and commanders are systematic and “normal.”95 While some form of discipline or punishment for insubordination or for military crimes such as desertion is usual in a military context, torture is unlawful in any circumstance. In Eritrea, deaths in custody are common as a result of ill-treatment, torture, and denial of medical treatment (see below section “Deaths in Custody”). Some deaths appear to be deliberate killings 91 Human Rights Watch interview with former conscripts, Sicily, Italy, October 2008. 92 Human Rights Watch interview with female former conscript, Sicily, Italy, October 26, 2008. 93 Human Rights Watch interview with Pentecostal pastor, Sicily, Italy, October 26, 2008. 94 See the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Punishment or Treatment, art. 1, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_cat39.htm (accessed January 28, 2009). Ethiopia acceded to the Convention against Torture on April 13, 1994. 95 Human Rights Watch interviews with survivors of Sawa and Wi’a camps, Sicily, Italy, October 24-31, 2008. Service for Life 30 . Torture methods Some of the torture methods are inherited from the Italian period, whilst others are the methods used by successive Ethiopian governments against suspected Eritrean liberation fighters during the struggle. All of the torture methods described in this report are drawn from victim and eyewitness accounts gathered by Human Rights Watch in 2008, from individuals who were interviewed independently in different locations, and with different translators. The methods described below correspond closely to the findings of Amnesty International in 2004 but this is not a comprehensive list.96 “Helicopter”: the victim’s hands and feet are tied together behind the back, sometimes opposite limbs, i.e. left hand to right foot, and the victim is left face down, often outside in the hot sun. Detainees described seeing this procedure in most of the prisons mentioned in this report, in particular in Alla prison.97 “Otto” or eight: Otto, meaning eight in Italian, is a punishment where the hands are tied together behind the back and victims must lie on their stomachs. This was the most common torture method noted by former conscripts and detainees, practiced in all the prisons and in Wi’a and Sawa military camps. One man interviewed by Human Rights Watch said he was tied for two weeks in the otto position, even when he slept, because he tried to escape from Wi’a training camp.98 A soldier deployed to Assab on the coast refused an order and was tortured by being tied in the otto position: “My leader ordered me to go into the sea and I refused because I have problems in my left ear. I was punished with otto for four hours. Four hours of otto in Assab is very bad because it’s so hot,” he said.99 “Ferro”: Ferro is an Italian word for iron. The method is similar to otto described above except that the wrists are bound with handcuffs. The prisoner may also be left in the sun. 96 See Amnesty International, Eritrea: 'You have no right to ask' - Government resists scrutiny on human rights, AI Index: AFR 64/003/2004, May 18, 2004, http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AFR64/003/2004 (accessed February 18, 2009). 97 Human Rights Watch interview with former inmate of Alla, Sicily, Italy, October 25, 2008. 98 Human Rights Watch interview with former conscript in Wi’a camp, Djibouti, September 18, 2008. 99 Human Rights Watch interview with former conscript, Sicily, Italy, October 26, 2008. 31 Human Rights Watch | April 2009 According to a former army officer detained in Alla, ferro was often the punishment for those suspected of trying to escape from the army. “If someone is suspected of escaping then they are tied up—just hands or hands and feet, or ferro, he said. “Individuals decide what kind of punishment is given, there’s no law. They do not have any crimes but [people are punished because] they hate the military or hate to be a soldier. That is the main reason. Because everyone in Eritrea hates to be in the army.”100 “Jesus Christ”: As the name suggests, the victim is crucified by being tied with rope to a tree or a cross and then left to hang, and sometimes beaten while hung. A conscript who answered back and then struck his commanding officer described being punished in this way: My leader [of the unit] ordered me to make charcoal that he wanted to take home to his family. But I told him, I am in training, this is not my job, so I told him ‘No.’ He hit me. I said he cannot hit me so I hit him also...That captain together with other leaders beat me. I still have the scars on my head [he has visible wide scars on his head and neck]. They tied me in a crucifix style to a tree, with my hands behind me, for two hours at a stretch, off the ground. We call it a cross—the hands are tied to wood and you are hanging in the air. They left me to sleep outside [on the ground] while tied up. It was hot. I got one cup of water for half a day and bread. They asked me no questions during punishment, there were many other people punished at the same time. Every day people were getting different punishments. In front of everyone, with them all watching.101 “Goma”: Goma is a method involving a radial truck tire. The victim is forced to double up inside a tire for long periods of time. A conscript who was caught fleeing towards the border in 2005 and imprisoned in Prima military camp was suspected of links to the Ethiopian-backed opposition to the Eritrean government because his mother was Ethiopian. He suffered this form of torture: ...[T]he worst is when they put you inside a tire [goma]. You are tied inside the circle of the tire and they [beat you with a stick and] ask who is 100 Human Rights Watch interview with former officer, Djibouti, September 18, 2008. 101 Human Rights Watch interview with former conscript, Sicily, Italy, October 28, 2008. Service for Life 32 supporting you [in Asmara], who guided you, what kind of program did you have in Ethiopia... Another way to make you suffer is to tie the hands behind your back, sometimes the legs as well. This is called otto, then you are tied to a tree and punished by hanging from a tree. There are those who died from punishment but I was fortunate. Twice they punished me by goma. They use a Ural truck tire. I was rolled in the tire for six hours... Luckily I am not fat. The fat man suffers even more.102 Mock drowning: Called by many different names around the world, in Eritrea this method of torture involves submerging a person’s head in water so that s/he believes s/he will drown and was originally used by the Derg in Eritrea. A man described to Human Rights Watch his experience in Alla military prison of being put in a barrel head first, upside down and forced to answer questions after he had tried to run away from the army four times: They hit me everywhere in every prison—on the head, on the feet— sometimes the body swelled. The first time they hit you is when they catch you—they hit me—and after two months my body became weak. They put me in a barrel of water, with the head under water and the legs out. They beat people with electric wire in the barrel of water. After three days when the inspector came and if you didn’t accept or respond to his questions then you’d be punished like this. I was interrogated with questions like: ‘Who is helping you?’; ‘How did you get around without permission?’; ‘How did you reach the border?’; ‘Who had the master plan?’; ‘Who was your guide?’; ‘Are you a soldier?’ I was in the barrel five times.103 Beating: Beating is commonplace to the point of “normality” and is often preceded or followed by other torture methods. Nearly every former detainee interviewed by Human Rights Watch described regular beatings, often daily, severe, and resulting in lasting physical damage. 102 Human Rights Watch interview with former conscript, Djibouti, September 16, 2008. 103 Human Rights Watch interview with former conscript, Djibouti, September 17, 2008. 33 Human Rights Watch | April 2009 Helen Berhane, a famous Eritrean Christian gospel singer was beaten whilst in detention and warned to renounce her faith. She was eventually released and sought asylum in Denmark but her legs were severely injured as a result of the beatings.104 Another conscript who tried to escape described being beaten by intelligence officials: “When I was captured they beat me badly. After three months of beatings they started asking: ‘Whose idea was it to go?’ That was the main reason for the beating. When they are beating people they divide you into three groups: those they believe, those they don’t believe, those they are preparing to beat.”105 Another former conscript and detainee told Human Rights Watch he now has problems with incontinence as a result of the beating he received in detention. He said, “Beatings were like food in prison—every day.”106 There are myriad ways in which military superiors torture subordinates or try and scare them from escaping military service. One of the most egregious accounts gathered by Human Rights Watch concerned unsuccessful deserters from Sawa camp being tied to a corpse. A witness said: “One had been shot running away, the other two had their hands tied to the feet of the dead person. They were paraded round the camp in the back of a Toyota pick-up truck. The intention was for everyone to see.”107 Many political prisoners have suffered the full gamut of torture methods. One government journalist who was arrested and detained in 2004 because of an article he had written raising questions of government policy was punished first in a police station in Asmara before being sent to Dahlak prison—a facility on an island in the Red Sea exclusively for political prisoners (see Prison Conditions below). I was questioned in police station 6 in Asmara. There are different types of interrogation: physical and psychological. The first step is asking questions if I had a hand in the G-15. Then they change methods, try to get the truth by force. There is a big fence in the back of the 6th police station, with a tree— they tie you up, then throw you down on the ground, again and again. They tie you up in the number eight position. Everybody will taste these kinds of 104 Human Rights Watch telephone interview with Helene Berhane, December 19, 2008. 105 Human Rights Watch interview with former conscript, Djibouti, September 16, 2008. 106 Human Rights Watch interview with former conscript, Djibouti, September 17, 2008. 107 Human Rights Watch interview with former student, London, November 13, 2008. Service for Life 34 punishment, it is normal, like flu... Before I went to Dahlak I was hung up like Christ for 24 hours. Then after 24 hours I was thrown on the ground and they put milk and sugar on your face and the flies come and eat your face.108 Source State Repression and Indefinite Conscription in Eritrea", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "0301c18ae68b026eb5bce3c1", "source_sha256": "c953f5f0da4c1460b7e41c5c871e62cececb4b53f5d856ede86e19ccc621389f", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-a971d15d650f5bb505ae0144", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/0/3", "start": 30, "end": 100 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "Torture and Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment" } ] }, { "id": "b-5b61c432fe70c4d2ee373a64", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/0/7", "start": 128, "end": 458 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "Excerpts from " }, { "text": "State Repression and Indefinite Conscription in Eritrea", "href": "/documents/837039c71446ec16a563a164/" } ] }, { "id": "b-a1d23632158037b6179b8a6e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/13/0", "start": 510, "end": 607 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The internationally accepted definition of torture includes any act that involves the" } ] }, { "id": "b-9e7ceaa1df696bd9d3573f67", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/15/0", "start": 617, "end": 653 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "intentional infliction of severe mental or physical pain or suffering for such purposes as the" } ] }, { "id": "b-f84a02a3015337a9d0c39248", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/17/0", "start": 759, "end": 794 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "extraction of information or a confession or as intimidation or punishment.94 Torture is" } ] }, { "id": "b-daf0c8e67d8e0b845f397e9a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/19/0", "start": 921, "end": 953 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "routine in Eritrea, both for those detained in prisons and as punishment for those in military" } ] }, { "id": "b-5336eba52bbfbbd4c449ab4f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/21/0", "start": 1063, "end": 1095 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "service." } ] }, { "id": "b-53cbe71789beb689f97d3c6a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/25/0", "start": 1142, "end": 1243 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Political prisoners, including journalists or teachers, interviewed by Human Rights Watch" } ] }, { "id": "b-74e1795d374a69cd436024fd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/27/0", "start": 1253, "end": 1287 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "described torture in custody to force them to disclose collaborators, whilst those punished" } ] }, { "id": "b-d8a0714099b900c8b61afac1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/29/0", "start": 1392, "end": 1420 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "for their religious beliefs described being tortured in order to renounce their faith. In many" } ] }, { "id": "b-caac641b7452fd81b31aea55", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/31/0", "start": 1534, "end": 1564 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "cases former detainees were beaten or tortured in order to extract information, but in other" } ] }, { "id": "b-289c98674a6090a1902376a7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/33/0", "start": 1674, "end": 1709 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "situations they were simply beaten, tied up, or left to suffer in the sun without any obvious" } ] }, { "id": "b-57d390d78f07d6b911af4d80", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/35/0", "start": 1815, "end": 1849 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "intention to gather information, simply as punishment." } ] }, { "id": "b-5b9e9c134b5b899e01688e06", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/39/0", "start": 1940, "end": 2035 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "According to eyewitness accounts gathered by Human Rights Watch, torture and cruel," } ] }, { "id": "b-64afe99158826c23cadd264f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/41/0", "start": 2045, "end": 2077 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment by military officers and commanders are" } ] }, { "id": "b-ae82fcd47b5f1992ce45c460", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/43/0", "start": 2179, "end": 2214 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "systematic and “normal.”95 While some form of discipline or punishment for insubordination" } ] }, { "id": "b-35adb0dd33ff1e49b2202cce", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/45/0", "start": 2343, "end": 2370 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "or for military crimes such as desertion is usual in a military context, torture is unlawful in" } ] }, { "id": "b-9001b15201a9f4203a322c27", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/47/0", "start": 2486, "end": 2514 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "any circumstance. In Eritrea, deaths in custody are common as a result of ill-treatment," } ] }, { "id": "b-65363fe375f1be7dc0f72bf1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/49/0", "start": 2622, "end": 2654 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "torture, and denial of medical treatment (see below section “Deaths in Custody”). Some" } ] }, { "id": "b-076973324c2fae7a2ecf6595", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/51/0", "start": 2756, "end": 2787 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "deaths appear to be deliberate killings" } ] }, { "id": "b-ad6c923189a8a1abc037bb07", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/55/0", "start": 2873, "end": 2895 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "91 ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Human Rights Watch interview with former conscripts, Sicily, Italy, October 2008." } ] }, { "id": "b-4e0b3227a6eb11e96ca11522", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/57/0", "start": 2999, "end": 3021 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "92 ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Human Rights Watch interview with female former conscript, Sicily, Italy, October 26, 2008." } ] }, { "id": "b-dba8b0abcbaf79cba11e538f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/59/0", "start": 3135, "end": 3157 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "93 ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Human Rights Watch interview with Pentecostal pastor, Sicily, Italy, October 26, 2008." } ] }, { "id": "b-eec728a2fbce3461a938c9f7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/61/0", "start": 3266, "end": 3288 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "94 ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "See the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Punishment or Treatment, art. 1," } ] }, { "id": "b-9a8b0be440fe0161d589bf57", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/63/0", "start": 3415, "end": 3544 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_cat39.htm (accessed January 28, 2009). Ethiopia acceded to the Convention against" } ] }, { "id": "b-44384be1dc2924297047fde0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/65/0", "start": 3554, "end": 3592 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Torture on April 13, 1994." } ] }, { "id": "b-197e09c8ef0020d83aedfe22", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/67/0", "start": 3602, "end": 3780 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "95 ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Human Rights Watch interviews with survivors of Sawa and Wi’a camps, Sicily, Italy, October 24-31, 2008." } ] }, { "id": "b-cc7109a4a747c7f577c512b1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/69/0", "start": 3803, "end": 3841 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Service for Life 30", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-cd6819dec1725f61da070147", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/73/0", "start": 3874, "end": 3887 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "." } ] }, { "id": "b-b070fc01073ec3cd061bb968", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/75/0", "start": 3897, "end": 3952 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Torture methods", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-76fef9f095a088ffda26dec6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/79/0", "start": 3992, "end": 4092 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Some of the torture methods are inherited from the Italian period, whilst others are the" } ] }, { "id": "b-f24abf04f0cb7f97188a4107", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/81/0", "start": 4102, "end": 4134 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "methods used by successive Ethiopian governments against suspected Eritrean liberation" } ] }, { "id": "b-a97e5d1dd5b59363b80bc14d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/83/0", "start": 4236, "end": 4269 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "fighters during the struggle. All of the torture methods described in this report are drawn" } ] }, { "id": "b-3c2466f9da39d7e367ee77e4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/85/0", "start": 4388, "end": 4417 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "from victim and eyewitness accounts gathered by Human Rights Watch in 2008, from" } ] }, { "id": "b-366cc09164dbe89243d87295", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/87/0", "start": 4516, "end": 4552 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "individuals who were interviewed independently in different locations, and with different" } ] }, { "id": "b-0dfc99333057a60b61593913", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/89/0", "start": 4653, "end": 4689 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "translators. The methods described below correspond closely to the findings of Amnesty" } ] }, { "id": "b-97a3d09d7d72f41d088565b9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/91/0", "start": 4787, "end": 4858 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "International in 2004 but this is not a comprehensive list.96" } ] }, { "id": "b-eea0b4769575274d9a1583c6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/95/0", "start": 4906, "end": 4946 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“Helicopter”", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ": the victim’s hands and feet are tied together behind the back, sometimes" } ] }, { "id": "b-847d75cb0a2335b78aeed100", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/97/0", "start": 5067, "end": 5175 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "opposite limbs, i.e. left hand to right foot, and the victim is left face down, often outside in" } ] }, { "id": "b-0e6f189f47f14dc1fe606199", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/99/0", "start": 5185, "end": 5213 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "the hot sun. Detainees described seeing this procedure in most of the prisons mentioned in" } ] }, { "id": "b-8c6d558d1669cf92bfd3f1f3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/101/0", "start": 5323, "end": 5352 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "this report, in particular in Alla prison.97" } ] }, { "id": "b-ce13c63efdfbb83e02a97a23", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/105/0", "start": 5464, "end": 5499 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“Otto”", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " or eight: Otto, meaning eight in Italian, is a punishment where the hands are tied" } ] }, { "id": "b-1ac715ca2d9be09344fd6b41", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/107/0", "start": 5631, "end": 5664 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "together behind the back and victims must lie on their stomachs. This was the most" } ] }, { "id": "b-63fba78196a1f9e8c0f06dbe", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/109/0", "start": 5761, "end": 5792 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "common torture method noted by former conscripts and detainees, practiced in all the" } ] }, { "id": "b-12a25e26ae11351c63d81070", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/111/0", "start": 5893, "end": 5925 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "prisons and in Wi’a and Sawa military camps." } ] }, { "id": "b-67b2d20b3eca6822ea34b946", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/113/0", "start": 6011, "end": 6103 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "One man interviewed by Human Rights Watch said he was tied for two weeks in the otto" } ] }, { "id": "b-81cdb4c124b5a03e8828d451", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/115/0", "start": 6156, "end": 6189 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "position, even when he slept, because he tried to escape from Wi’a training camp.98 A" } ] }, { "id": "b-6cb80e1bf3833d85f26173ad", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/117/0", "start": 6328, "end": 6360 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "soldier deployed to Assab on the coast refused an order and was tortured by being tied in" } ] }, { "id": "b-e087ff8ad216918ba13364f5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/119/0", "start": 6478, "end": 6506 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "the otto position: “My leader ordered me to go into the sea and I refused because I have" } ] }, { "id": "b-ae3fb534f08628e65037d4a1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/121/0", "start": 6666, "end": 6699 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "problems in my left ear. I was punished with otto for four hours. Four hours of otto in Assab" } ] }, { "id": "b-f0282565f1953f16d1c738a4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/123/0", "start": 6924, "end": 6951 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "is very bad because it’s so hot,” he said.99" } ] }, { "id": "b-0a99d8a943def80ea566b163", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/127/0", "start": 7052, "end": 7089 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“" }, { "text": "Ferro”", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ": Ferro is an Italian word for iron. The method is similar to otto described above" } ] }, { "id": "b-e3b78ccd66e36dfbbb00d234", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/129/0", "start": 7245, "end": 7276 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "except that the wrists are bound with handcuffs. The prisoner may also be left in the sun." } ] }, { "id": "b-8ca34b0d5fb77cb489e85f4a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/131/0", "start": 7383, "end": 7405 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "96 ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "See Amnesty International, Eritrea: 'You have no right to ask' - Government resists scrutiny on human rights, AI Index: AFR" } ] }, { "id": "b-b1c24056959f4c6e3830d7ad", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/133/0", "start": 7577, "end": 7712 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "64/003/2004, May 18, 2004, http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AFR64/003/2004 (accessed February 18, 2009)." } ] }, { "id": "b-ba102ffac75bdc92c8ec6e77", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/135/0", "start": 7735, "end": 7757 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "97 ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Human Rights Watch interview with former inmate of Alla, Sicily, Italy, October 25, 2008." } ] }, { "id": "b-317555b51a7006bda948a703", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/137/0", "start": 7882, "end": 7904 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "98 ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Human Rights Watch interview with former conscript in Wi’a camp, Djibouti, September 18, 2008." } ] }, { "id": "b-aadb2551ee409d104c648fd0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/139/0", "start": 8034, "end": 8056 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "99 ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Human Rights Watch interview with former conscript, Sicily, Italy, October 26, 2008." } ] }, { "id": "b-d50ff0d31364f2855606eba5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/141/0", "start": 8163, "end": 8216 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "31 Human Rights Watch | April 2009", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-630c3abada5e8e3e944a270d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/147/0", "start": 8272, "end": 8350 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "According to a former army officer detained in Alla, ferro was often the punishment for those" } ] }, { "id": "b-67650c43ddda43afb2648182", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/149/0", "start": 8452, "end": 8486 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "suspected of trying to escape from the army. “If someone is suspected of escaping then they" } ] }, { "id": "b-e6fc1f8e7cb424dae9e17ec7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/151/0", "start": 8604, "end": 8632 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "are tied up—just hands or hands and feet, or ferro, he said. “Individuals decide what kind of" } ] }, { "id": "b-55b79a13834f21b7e269f2b9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/153/0", "start": 8784, "end": 8819 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "punishment is given, there’s no law. They do not have any crimes but [people are punished" } ] }, { "id": "b-fa4fd1d0a9c4dd34f7b7858f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/155/0", "start": 8921, "end": 8953 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "because] they hate the military or hate to be a soldier. That is the main reason. Because" } ] }, { "id": "b-cb9ccc6e7665214fbccaec26", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/157/0", "start": 9058, "end": 9091 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "everyone in Eritrea hates to be in the army.”100" } ] }, { "id": "b-cf6469887e1cd1aef722d246", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/161/0", "start": 9207, "end": 9251 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“Jesus Christ”", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ": As the name suggests, the victim is crucified by being tied with rope to a tree" } ] }, { "id": "b-1c56acb39a558c0c0cab8375", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/163/0", "start": 9354, "end": 9381 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "or a cross and then left to hang, and sometimes beaten while hung." } ] }, { "id": "b-b42da555e87f5c06c7f7e89e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/165/0", "start": 9468, "end": 9564 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "A conscript who answered back and then struck his commanding officer described being" } ] }, { "id": "b-640b0095c3b60ee44849d10d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/167/0", "start": 9574, "end": 9607 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "punished in this way:" } ] }, { "id": "b-bac48554c509280fcdc3b027", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/171/0", "start": 9666, "end": 9752 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "My leader [of the unit] ordered me to make charcoal that he wanted to take" } ] }, { "id": "b-28df6caa280674844daaf520", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/173/0", "start": 9762, "end": 9791 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "home to his family. But I told him, I am in training, this is not my job, so I told" } ] }, { "id": "b-92b5ce61f6acb60b50336ec0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/175/0", "start": 9893, "end": 9921 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "him ‘No.’ He hit me. I said he cannot hit me so I hit him also...That captain" } ] }, { "id": "b-8c347fcb34434011884e0dfd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/177/0", "start": 10018, "end": 10051 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "together with other leaders beat me. I still have the scars on my head [he has" } ] }, { "id": "b-56bd37b08c8d92f80956e02e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/179/0", "start": 10144, "end": 10176 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "visible wide scars on his head and neck]. They tied me in a crucifix style to a" } ] }, { "id": "b-4846ede9e1d817d29d9176d1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/181/0", "start": 10271, "end": 10300 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "tree, with my hands behind me, for two hours at a stretch, off the ground. We" } ] }, { "id": "b-62e81211c40df780479c942d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/183/0", "start": 10396, "end": 10425 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "call it a cross—the hands are tied to wood and you are hanging in the air." } ] }, { "id": "b-11be8794cb5a21284ddf83cf", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/185/0", "start": 10518, "end": 10608 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "They left me to sleep outside [on the ground] while tied up. It was hot. I got" } ] }, { "id": "b-9b8cd928c430db4f3f1f75e9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/187/0", "start": 10618, "end": 10646 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "one cup of water for half a day and bread. They asked me no questions" } ] }, { "id": "b-9090c91bfcabdeb6ccf89b14", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/189/0", "start": 10735, "end": 10766 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "during punishment, there were many other people punished at the same" } ] }, { "id": "b-29a247680b390250587a1428", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/191/0", "start": 10851, "end": 10880 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "time. Every day people were getting different punishments. In front of" } ] }, { "id": "b-b5d9e3aa0968bbdb68cc78fb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/193/0", "start": 10969, "end": 11002 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "everyone, with them all watching.101" } ] }, { "id": "b-3c3a46eced2f192d370c6da7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/197/0", "start": 11089, "end": 11125 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“Goma”:", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " Goma is a method involving a radial truck tire. The victim is forced to double up" } ] }, { "id": "b-7cb7a9904c5522382c1c48c8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/199/0", "start": 11256, "end": 11287 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "inside a tire for long periods of time." } ] }, { "id": "b-a8bca74582c7b920c4b77e2d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/201/0", "start": 11343, "end": 11440 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "A conscript who was caught fleeing towards the border in 2005 and imprisoned in Prima" } ] }, { "id": "b-cf6688e32d2e29cbd1c7f438", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/203/0", "start": 11450, "end": 11483 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "military camp was suspected of links to the Ethiopian-backed opposition to the Eritrean" } ] }, { "id": "b-e6d1942bf22a0957399510f8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/205/0", "start": 11585, "end": 11620 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "government because his mother was Ethiopian. He suffered this form of torture:" } ] }, { "id": "b-99df5f7276e5dbc6d11ca8a2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/207/0", "start": 11711, "end": 11740 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "...[T]he worst is when they put you inside a tire [goma]. You are tied inside" } ] }, { "id": "b-5a1e00d6ca8d5bfe355e9041", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/209/0", "start": 11875, "end": 11903 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "the circle of the tire and they [beat you with a stick and] ask who is" } ] }, { "id": "b-2627a82625bf327f630c6cc1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/211/0", "start": 11993, "end": 12016 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "100 ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Human Rights Watch interview with former officer, Djibouti, September 18, 2008." } ] }, { "id": "b-1e8ec3850090e8f702123282", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/213/0", "start": 12118, "end": 12141 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "101 ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Human Rights Watch interview with former conscript, Sicily, Italy, October 28, 2008." } ] }, { "id": "b-e82f0635648f431f3f1ac2ff", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/215/0", "start": 12248, "end": 12286 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Service for Life 32", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-53bf3ae876b042f81b4abe89", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/219/0", "start": 12319, "end": 12354 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "supporting you [in Asmara], who guided you, what kind of program did you" } ] }, { "id": "b-b36e8f64110f7d643d336dd3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/221/0", "start": 12439, "end": 12468 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "have in Ethiopia... Another way to make you suffer is to tie the hands behind" } ] }, { "id": "b-817de7b5d7e4f2f7ce2570d9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/223/0", "start": 12564, "end": 12593 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "your back, sometimes the legs as well. This is called otto, then you are tied to" } ] }, { "id": "b-f71d079fbf338a40412f1b45", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/225/0", "start": 12744, "end": 12770 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "a tree and punished by hanging from a tree. There are those who died from" } ] }, { "id": "b-bc53278810b881e046765bed", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/227/0", "start": 12865, "end": 12900 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "punishment but I was fortunate. Twice they punished me by goma. They use" } ] }, { "id": "b-3b1f4b9bd136ae34c33da54a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/229/0", "start": 13024, "end": 13050 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "a Ural truck tire. I was rolled in the tire for six hours... Luckily I am not fat. The" } ] }, { "id": "b-5fb54e0d3e3626ff89ff5dbe", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/231/0", "start": 13158, "end": 13186 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "fat man suffers even more.102" } ] }, { "id": "b-476f150fbf9e76d288bd6574", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/235/0", "start": 13271, "end": 13313 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mock drowning:", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " Called by many different names around the world, in Eritrea this method of" } ] }, { "id": "b-ed1f1c10dd3c904061594e83", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/237/0", "start": 13442, "end": 13474 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "torture involves submerging a person’s head in water so that s/he believes s/he will drown" } ] }, { "id": "b-0d0bfc34cdeca82346c70a8d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/239/0", "start": 13580, "end": 13608 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "and was originally used by the Derg in Eritrea. A man described to Human Rights Watch his experience in Alla military prison of being put in a barrel head first, upside down and forced to answer questions after he had tried to run away from the army four times:" } ] }, { "id": "b-3767e1f0c0fc48a97318395e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/243/0", "start": 13977, "end": 14053 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "They hit me everywhere in every prison—on the head, on the feet—" } ] }, { "id": "b-39102232c16997aa5a4e6e96", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/245/0", "start": 14063, "end": 14097 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "sometimes the body swelled. The first time they hit you is when they catch" } ] }, { "id": "b-bca1ffaaa3aee37036350857", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/247/0", "start": 14185, "end": 14214 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "you—they hit me—and after two months my body became weak. They put me" } ] }, { "id": "b-a44293248d254d1e1102e181", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/249/0", "start": 14302, "end": 14329 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "in a barrel of water, with the head under water and the legs out. They beat" } ] }, { "id": "b-bf81089233fe99c9e8b869d5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/251/0", "start": 14425, "end": 14456 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "people with electric wire in the barrel of water. After three days when the" } ] }, { "id": "b-d041619a197ccb4d31fc1b56", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/253/0", "start": 14548, "end": 14582 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "inspector came and if you didn’t accept or respond to his questions then" } ] }, { "id": "b-4c83053955434d1d89cc7605", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/255/0", "start": 14668, "end": 14698 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "you’d be punished like this. I was interrogated with questions like: ‘Who is" } ] }, { "id": "b-2df0650b32b6b0121e79a20f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/257/0", "start": 14792, "end": 14824 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "helping you?’; ‘How did you get around without permission?’; ‘How did you" } ] }, { "id": "b-371766fc5a17f698b03f89f6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/259/0", "start": 14913, "end": 14943 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "reach the border?’; ‘Who had the master plan?’; ‘Who was your guide?’; ‘Are" } ] }, { "id": "b-3bb96f97a5c85e741738053c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/261/0", "start": 15036, "end": 15064 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "you a soldier?’ I was in the barrel five times.103" } ] }, { "id": "b-d8c4f4c8d47a0a28792e1ef5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/265/0", "start": 15196, "end": 15241 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Beating: Beating", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " is commonplace to the point of “normality” and is often preceded or" } ] }, { "id": "b-08b6de7ddce170470f32c83d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/267/0", "start": 15332, "end": 15365 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "followed by other torture methods. Nearly every former detainee interviewed by Human" } ] }, { "id": "b-6abfa62cc1454ea4a09e8be7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/269/0", "start": 15464, "end": 15562 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Rights Watch described regular beatings, often daily, severe, and resulting in lasting" } ] }, { "id": "b-c70d0c762243654f5feaf68e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/271/0", "start": 15572, "end": 15605 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "physical damage." } ] }, { "id": "b-c0e2adc7803e45f6db220a91", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/273/0", "start": 15636, "end": 15659 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "102 ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Human Rights Watch interview with former conscript, Djibouti, September 16, 2008." } ] }, { "id": "b-fb1518907def8a1e99da386e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/275/0", "start": 15763, "end": 15786 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "103 ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Human Rights Watch interview with former conscript, Djibouti, September 17, 2008." } ] }, { "id": "b-7e4bc59a1ca955bf2fba553d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/277/0", "start": 15890, "end": 15943 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "33 Human Rights Watch | April 2009", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-d36107f52066a03c925b4d55", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/279/0", "start": 15953, "end": 16220 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Helen Berhane, a famous Eritrean Christian gospel singer was beaten whilst in detention and warned to renounce her faith. She was eventually released and sought asylum in Denmark but her legs were severely injured as a result of the beatings.104" } ] }, { "id": "b-51ab1a41b873a212b209a239", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/281/0", "start": 16259, "end": 16358 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Another conscript who tried to escape described being beaten by intelligence officials:" } ] }, { "id": "b-417f7789d67c9ebc712e15d3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/283/0", "start": 16368, "end": 16464 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“When I was captured they beat me badly. After three months of beatings they started" } ] }, { "id": "b-97f35e46c28d7783997d7e8e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/285/0", "start": 16474, "end": 16505 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "asking: ‘Whose idea was it to go?’ That was the main reason for the beating. When they are" } ] }, { "id": "b-b8ba291dc4e065d6fb5fc558", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/287/0", "start": 16612, "end": 16644 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "beating people they divide you into three groups: those they believe, those they don’t" } ] }, { "id": "b-c17aa61a19b1ec30c3371fe4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/289/0", "start": 16746, "end": 16778 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "believe, those they are preparing to beat.”105" } ] }, { "id": "b-bf564c7102919565eb64bd56", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/293/0", "start": 16876, "end": 16974 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Another former conscript and detainee told Human Rights Watch he now has problems with" } ] }, { "id": "b-ae6f9f91d52ad475f66d556d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/295/0", "start": 16984, "end": 17021 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "incontinence as a result of the beating he received in detention. He said, “Beatings were like" } ] }, { "id": "b-8d85455bd125cbb132821d17", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/297/0", "start": 17126, "end": 17155 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "food in prison—every day.”106" } ] }, { "id": "b-bef643a8af8997768ea178ba", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/301/0", "start": 17239, "end": 17343 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "There are myriad ways in which military superiors torture subordinates or try and scare them" } ] }, { "id": "b-816e1d38d82e2379e5e5b9f4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/303/0", "start": 17353, "end": 17382 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "from escaping military service. One of the most egregious accounts gathered by Human" } ] }, { "id": "b-2a821c49d05743ee9bb7713b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/305/0", "start": 17485, "end": 17596 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Rights Watch concerned unsuccessful deserters from Sawa camp being tied to a corpse. A" } ] }, { "id": "b-8e887548eae077f7ae9aab19", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/307/0", "start": 17606, "end": 17638 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "witness said: “One had been shot running away, the other two had their hands tied to the" } ] }, { "id": "b-ac3bef3e8d5fafbc313e0c8f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/309/0", "start": 17742, "end": 17771 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "feet of the dead person. They were paraded round the camp in the back of a Toyota pick-up" } ] }, { "id": "b-e88dfe8a8f9a2cd026532c09", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/311/0", "start": 17879, "end": 17909 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "truck. The intention was for everyone to see.”107" } ] }, { "id": "b-90ca53f90479670293c046ae", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/315/0", "start": 18012, "end": 18112 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Many political prisoners have suffered the full gamut of torture methods. One government" } ] }, { "id": "b-400d59f45f523ddd4076ca42", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/317/0", "start": 18122, "end": 18157 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "journalist who was arrested and detained in 2004 because of an article he had written" } ] }, { "id": "b-0531d06f4f2a0176f8119512", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/319/0", "start": 18255, "end": 18287 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "raising questions of government policy was punished first in a police station in Asmara" } ] }, { "id": "b-e34d35376829a492dc1ca896", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/321/0", "start": 18390, "end": 18421 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "before being sent to Dahlak prison—a facility on an island in the Red Sea exclusively for" } ] }, { "id": "b-8387d357fa83aed071ff062a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/323/0", "start": 18540, "end": 18574 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "political prisoners (see Prison Conditions below). I was questioned in police station 6 in Asmara. There are different types of interrogation: physical and psychological. The first step is asking questions if I had a hand in the G-15. Then they change methods, try to get the truth by force. There is a big fence in the back of the 6th police station, with a tree—" } ] }, { "id": "b-7874776fe6c6aa98ecdfa443", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/325/0", "start": 19073, "end": 19102 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "they tie you up, then throw you down on the ground, again and again. They" } ] }, { "id": "b-584c29c926c8a937dff4c4cc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/327/0", "start": 19194, "end": 19222 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "tie you up in the number eight position. Everybody will taste these kinds of" } ] }, { "id": "b-514a2853695371590002329a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/329/0", "start": 19318, "end": 19341 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "104 ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Human Rights Watch telephone interview with Helene Berhane, December 19, 2008." } ] }, { "id": "b-1fc537b57f223dbf62cea116", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/331/0", "start": 19455, "end": 19478 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "105 ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Human Rights Watch interview with former conscript, Djibouti, September 16, 2008." } ] }, { "id": "b-4b195724414a977b2bd30ad0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/333/0", "start": 19582, "end": 19605 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "106 ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Human Rights Watch interview with former conscript, Djibouti, September 17, 2008." } ] }, { "id": "b-34f09449bfd4500df57ef62f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/335/0", "start": 19709, "end": 19732 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "107 ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Human Rights Watch interview with former student, London, November 13, 2008." } ] }, { "id": "b-69f1b16f41b63c5a1eb65cea", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/337/0", "start": 19831, "end": 19869 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Service for Life 34", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-2c413e8929f5ceccc5274f13", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/339/0", "start": 19879, "end": 19914 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "punishment, it is normal, like flu... Before I went to Dahlak I was hung up like" } ] }, { "id": "b-90ffdf9b2f9ee9e7d09975e4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/341/0", "start": 20020, "end": 20108 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Christ for 24 hours. Then after 24 hours I was thrown on the ground and they" } ] }, { "id": "b-2fcb2b5b304aa2ab9ab0dda1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/343/0", "start": 20118, "end": 20146 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "put milk and sugar on your face and the flies come and eat your face.108" } ] }, { "id": "b-13f3c0fb915d1de1f23b67a6", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/0/349", "start": 20294, "end": 20444 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "Source State Repression and Indefinite Conscription in Eritrea" } ] } ], "anchors": {}, "removed_template": [], "ambiguities": [], "encoding_flags": [ "non_utf8_source_bytes" ] }, "signature": "39144951a9d50dea08d3e7710ad806cc94974f801345bf8354f546104c0a1f63", "categories": [ { "id": "detention-torture", "title": "Detention and torture", "evidence": "Torture and Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment Torture and Cruel" } ], "source_categories": [ { "id": "source-07de1f0aaa0a5499c0b87e07", "title": "Testomony", "kind": "source-index", "source_id": "07de1f0aaa0a5499c0b87e07", "anchors": [ "Torture and Cruel" ] }, { "id": "source-4acc0cea5edf00574364a2c2", "title": "Testomony", "kind": "source-index", "source_id": "4acc0cea5edf00574364a2c2", "anchors": [ "Torture and Cruel" ] } ], "content_role": { "role": "substantive-document", "proof": "Narrative, media, quotations or data relationships retained; 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This violation led to the rebirth of the Eritrean people's struggle for independence in 1958. We need to distinguish the Eritrean people's struggle which began in 1958 from the armed struggle which was launched in 1961 by Idris H. Awate, leader of the Eritrean Liberation Front’s military wing. When we look back to our history of the struggle for independence the ELF leaders intentionally undermined the genuine initiation of the struggle by the ELM. However the timing of the armed struggle was launched just in mere competition with the Eritrean Liberation Movement (Haraket) by the ELF leaders without any clear programme. Neither the ELF nor EPLF were founded by genuine leaders. The only genuine and progressive liberation movement was started in 1958 by the Eritrean Liberation Movement ( Harakat) whose members believed that Muslim and Christian are brothers and their unity make Eritrea one. Regarding this there is more explanation of this in sections 3.1and 3.2 of this paper. The start of the armed struggle became an incentive for many of the youth to join the armed struggle but they became victms of the former revolutionary leaders' power struggle. During the liberation struggle the ELF and EPLF leaders never hesitated to eliminate anyone who challenged them. For example Menkaa in the EPLF and Falul in the ELF. This paper also provides an overview of the crimes committed by the former revolutionary leaders and their collaborators who are now members of the Eritrean government and opposition groups. They have refused to acknowledge their crimes and apologise to the Eritrean people. The facts and evidence of this paper clearly show that disappearances, conspiracies, killings and executions in Eritrea did not start after liberation in 1991 or 2001 but have a history going back to the 1960s. To mention a few: the liquidation of the Harakat fighters by the ELF in 1965; the execution of 27 ELF fighters by Hishal, deputy commander of the fifth zonal division in 1967, the killing of hundreds of fighters (Siray Sriya Addis Abeba) by the ELF ca1969 , the purge of the democratic movement (Falul movement , Menkaa movement and others) by the ELF and EPLF in the 1970s Like the execuation and killing of innocent fighters and civilians during the liberation struggle, the killing of innocent citizens has never stopped. In fact it got much worse during the broader conflict as many members of the Eritrean Defence Force were executed by the order of their own military commanders, and after the Reformist movement 2001. It is very sad that in commemorating Martyrs' day neither the ELF nor the EPLF former revolutionary leaders never wanted to officially honour those fighters who were killed by the EPLF and ELF security forces or special units through their leaders’ orders. The reason for documenting crimes committed against civilians and fighters over the last 50 years by the Ethiopian government, ELF and EPLF during the liberation struggle, and by the EPLF/PFDJ after the liberation is to make the younger generation aware of those crimes. It is also to tell the public the truth that the Eritrean liberation struggle started 50 years ago in 1958 and not in 1961 and that Idris H. Awate was the first martyr in the Eritrean armed fight against Ethiopian annextion. There were other martyrs before him like those who lost their lives in a general strike protesting against the violation of the of UN 390(AV) Resolution by the Ethiopian government in 1958, and others who sacrificed their lives for the freedom of Eritreans before 1958, such as Abdulkadir Kebire who was assassinated by members of the Unionist Party in 1949. Therefore, this paper convey the message that the Eritrean people should learn from their past, of their naivete in trusting those former revolutionary leaders and their collaborators who set back the victory of the liberation struggle in the 1970s and are still within the opposition leadership. Apart from this it has no other political motivation. Since these leaders have committed crimes or colloborated with the former revolution leaders, changing the name of an organization such as the ELF.RC to EPP does not bring a solution since the leaders are the same people who have never wish to acknowledge their crimes committed during the liberation struggle as will be seen in Section 3 of this paper. The Eritrean people do not have problems with the names of Fronts such as the ELF, ELF.RC, EPLF etc because every Eritreans participated in those fronts as a fighter, a member of a mass organisation or a simple supporter during the liberation struggle, but the solution for the current problem is not changing the name of the Front such as ELF.RC to EPP but changing the leaders of the Front. To make it easy for the readers there is a hyperlink at the end of each section which might help the reader to move to the next section. The contents are categorized in the following sections and subsections. 1. Commemorating a martyrs’ day. 2. Chronological evidence of these atrocities committed against civilians by the Ethiopian goverment. 3. Some evidence of the ELF and EPLF leaders' crime against fighters and civilians. 3.1 The ELF Leaders’ crimes against the Harakat fighters in 1965. 3.2 Crimes committed by the former ELF revolutionary leaders after 1965. 3.3 The ELF and EPLF leaders' conspiracy of killing fighters causing disappearances. 3.4 The consequence of the civil war 1972-74 and accusations against leaders. 3.5 Purge and liquidation in the EPLF 1973-1980. 3.6 Purge and liquidation in the ELF in 1970s. 3.7 Crimes committed against ELF fighters by the EPLF in the 1980s. 3.8 Crimes committed against civilians by the EPLF and ELF in the 1970s. 4. EPLF/PFDJ crimes after liberation 4.1 Lists of disappearances and killings from 1991 to 2001. 4.2 Brief information on prisons and victims. 4.3 Lists of execution of some prisoners and others since 2001 4.4Lists of execution of some member of EDF 1998-2000 5. References. 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Since these leaders have committed crimes or colloborated with the former revolution leaders, changing the name of an organization such as the ELF.RC to EPP does not bring a solution since the leaders are the same people who have never wish to acknowledge their crimes committed during the liberation struggle as will be seen in Section 3 of this paper." } ] }, { "id": "b-d2802fafd456735c0fc01bab", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/0/3/8/0", "start": 14311, "end": 14623 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " The Eritrean people do not have problems with the names of Fronts such as the ELF, ELF.RC, EPLF etc because every Eritreans participated in those fronts as a fighter, a member of a mass organisation or a simple supporter during the liberation struggle, but the solution for the current problem is not changing the name of the Front such as ELF.RC to EPP but " }, { "text": "changing the leaders of the Front.", "href": "/documents/729c862f933c164046b84d61/" } ] }, { "id": "b-30c53aa4024d8653c0a9dd12", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/0/3/10/0", "start": 16054, "end": 16300 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "To make it easy for the readers there is a hyperlink at the end of each section which might help the reader to move to the next section. 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"place.htm", "Places of detention in Eritrea" ], "language": "en", "author": "Abdelaziz Yassin", "byline": "Abdelaziz Yassin", "byline_role": "Author", "date": null, "metadata_evidence": [ { "field": "credit", "value": "Abdelaziz Yassin", "source_excerpt": "Places of detention in Eritrea By: Abdelaziz Yassin Aderser, near Sawa. Underground cells used. (USSD report for 200", "original_sha256": "26e007c5f5b6c5f6f5697f40c23f1b7a30edd940bdd062815d0a7c58eb5fcc90" } ], "text": "Places of detention in Eritrea By: Abdelaziz Yassin Aderser, near Sawa. Underground cells used. (USSD report for 2005) [4f] (p2, section 1c) Adi Abeto army prison near Asmara. Incident of 4 November 2004, where prisoners were killed trying to escape after a wall was pushed over. (AI 2005) [5a]; (USSD report for 2004) [4e] (p1-2) AI reported that Adi Abeto was the initial detention facility for the Maltese returns of 2002: women, children and those over the military service age of 40 were detained for several weeks, but the military deserters were held incommunicado and tortured, before being transferred to Dahlek Kebir. [5c] (p23) Shipping containers reported as being used as punishment blocks in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) Adi Keih town prison. AI has reported this prison was used as an initial detention facility for draft evaders. (AI 28 July 2005) [5h] Agip, Asmara. The location, according to Reporters Without Borders, of eight of the nine state media journalists arrested in November 2006. (Awate, 3 December 2006) [50s] \"Located behind the 'Capitol' cinema and opposite the presidential palace, this complex is 'where the police take detainess to torture them before transferring them to their final destination,' a former detainee told Reporters Without Borders.\" [50s] (p2) Alla, Decamhare town. Shipping containers reported as being used as punishment blocks in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) Assab military prison, near the port of Assab. Human Rights Without Frontiers reported on 7 May 2003 that 74 soldiers were detained in Assab prison. [68a] The initial query claimed that the prison was known to house up to 5000 prisoners and that it held soldiers that \"ran afoul of their government\". [68a] Dahlek Kebir, Dahlak islands. Detention and prison facilities built on the main Dahlek island in the Red Sea, with a capacity for 800 prisoners, and comprising of eight large sheetmetal buildings. (AI May 2004). [5c] (p16) It is where many of the detainees from the returns by Malta and Libya are thought to be imprisoned (HRW 2005) [29c] AI reported that in December 2002, 95 civilians and 85 conscript deserters of the Maltese returns arrived in Dahlek Kebir, with the civilians transferred back to the mainland in July 2003. [5c] (p23) Eiraeiro, Filfil-Selomuna area north of the Asmara-Massawa road. A 'secret' prison for political prisoners ( Awate.com, 31 August 2006) [50m]. It was purpose built in 2003, receiving the G15/G11 political prisoners from Embatkala in June 2003. It is reported to be comprised of 5 main blocks, with 2 main cell blocks, and 62 rooms used as cells; the standard cell size is 3 x 3 meters. [50m] (p2) The article claims there are 36 political prisoners, and names most of them, giving their cell numbers. [50m] (p2,3) Conditions are basic, and prisoners are chained and in solitary confinement. [50m] (p3-4) One hundred and fifty guards and staff operate the prison; the guards are heavily vetted and monitored. [50m] (p4-5) Reporters Without Borders, as reported in an IRIN news article of 16 November 2006, adds: that \"at least 62 political prisoners\" are held at Eiraeiro; that nine detainees had died as a \"result of 'various illnesses, psychological pressure or suicide'.\" and that three of the deaths were of journalists detained since September 2001. [19a] Gahteley military camp, reception centre for new recruits. (Awate article, 26 November 2004) [50e ] Galaalo military camp, Red Sea coast. Deaths of conscripted students reported in August 2001 while performing forced labour. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p20) Gedem prison, 40 km south of Massawa. It is alleged to be the site of forced labour in 2004, with the construction of a naval base, numbering 400 prisoners who received minimal food and water, no medical attention after injury and the use of confinement in shipping containers in excessive temperatures as punishment. (Ehrag section, Awate.com, 16 June 2006) [50 h] Haddis Ma'askar. An army prison equipped with underground cells (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) Mai Edaga, Decamhare town. Shipping containers reported as being used as punishment blocks in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) Mai Serwa military camp near Asmara. The camp is used for the detention of draft evaders, and uses metal shipping containers and underground cells. (AI 28 July 2005) [5h] Human Rights Without Frontiers locates Mai Serwa as near Keren, with the initial query stating that it is three storeys high with the main prison built underground. (Canadian IRB 14 July 2003) [68a] AI reported in December 2005 that Helen Berhane, the Rema church gospel singer, \"… is held at Mai Serwa military camp near Asmara, in a metal shipping container with little ventilation that alternates between hot and cold temperature extremes and has no washing or toilet facilities.\" A Release Eritrea briefing, posted 25 June 2006, adds that Helen Berhane had been caught listening to a radio and \"As punishment she was transferred to an underground cell, where she was kept chained for two weeks.\" [31e] Helen Berhane was relea sed from prison in October 2006 (Release-Eritrea, 2 November 2006) [31h] (AI, 3 November 2006) [5o] ( CSW, 3 November 2006) [67c] The AI report of 3 November 2006 notes that initially, Ms Berhane was hospitalised in Asmara, where she was confined to a wheelchair \"due to the injuries she sustained to her feet and legs\". [5o] Mai Temenei. An army prison equipped with underground cells (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) Sawa Military Training Camp, near the Sudan border. The complex includes the prison camp of Brigade Six, comprising of temporary barracks built on a hilltop to the right of the main camp. According to the testimony of an ex-prisoner reproduced by Awate.com, \"Sawa prison is made entirely of tin material\" and thus insufferably hot in the day and cold at night. It comprises of twelve tin barrack blocks. Malnutrition, poor hygiene and lack of medical attention reported, with high levels of infections and diseases associated with poor living conditions. (Ehrag section, Awate.com, 25 April 2006) [50 h] Photos of Sawa in 2000 and 2004 are to found in slide shows on the website of the National Union of Eritrean Youth Students (NUEYS) http://www.denden.com/NUEYS/. The USSD report for 2005 notes there were alleged cases of the rape and sexual abuse of female recruits by Sawa instructors. [4f] (p2, section 1c) Sembel prison, Asmara. An officially-designated prison for political prisoners. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) Tehadasso army prison. Shipping containers reported as being used as punishment blocks in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) Tessenei military prison, classed as 'rehabilitation centre'. Allegations of torture, beatings and general abuse reported in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p18) \"Tract B\" military prison, Asmara. It comprises of a former US storage facility near Asmara airport. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) In late 2002, some EPLF veterans among the Maltese returnees were separated out at Adi Abeto and then sent to Tract B prison. [5c] (p23) Tsererat prison, Asmara. \"Mainly for EPLF veterans, held in underground cells.\" (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) Wengel Mermera (Wenjel Mirmera) investigation centre. Sources refer to this centre as being where most of the detainees of Asmara mass arrests are held, such as, according to Release Eritrea \"… the dungeon-like inner prison in Asmara where many of Eritrea's prominent political prisoners are also believed to be incarcerated.\" [31] The AI May 2004 report adds that it is a special security section in the 2nd police station, Asmara. [5c] (p16) Compass Direct, April 2006, maintains that the 70 muslims arrested for protesting about the Government's imposition of a new chief mufti were detained in Wengel Mermera in one cell. Wi'a/Wea detention centre. A desert detention camp built on the Red Sea coast. Temperatures in this area are often over 40 degrees centigrade. 121 men, arrested during the mass arrests on 28 May 2005 at the Meserete/Full Gospel wedding, are still reported as being in detention in Wi'a. [46b] (p2) The camp mainly processes youths detained in roundups; the reports of the February 2006 giffa indicate that the Anseba region high school students were sent to Wi'a. [50j] On 10 June 2005, a mass escape was attempted, and the authorities shot and killed 161 youths. [4f] (p1, section 1a) (USSD report for 2005)", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "06a1d49b76839af63fbe82fc", "source_sha256": "14a1cffa19860dc2f54de204d895ff15d71f696f34a2a477044df76e4b6b29a0", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-1eb7a699854fd9ea20c46396", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/0", "start": 94, "end": 130 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "Places of detention in Eritrea" } ] }, { "id": "b-84412001c373fbbc15336461", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/2/0", "start": 141, "end": 161 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "By: Abdelaziz Yassin" } ] }, { "id": "b-f76cc7cdb736e7f17d584d30", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/4/0", "start": 176, "end": 272 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Aderser, near Sawa. Underground cells used. (USSD report for 2005) [4f] (p2, section 1c)" } ] }, { "id": "b-59dc7b8945d65464566c86a5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/6/0", "start": 287, "end": 962 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Adi Abeto army prison near Asmara. Incident of 4 November 2004, where prisoners were killed trying to escape after a wall was pushed over. (AI 2005) [5a]; (USSD report for 2004) [4e] (p1-2) AI reported that Adi Abeto was the initial detention facility for the Maltese returns of 2002: women, children and those over the military service age of 40 were detained for several weeks, but the military deserters were held incommunicado and tortured, before being transferred to Dahlek Kebir. [5c] (p23) Shipping containers reported as being used as punishment blocks in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16)" } ] }, { "id": "b-12408b16bbf6c1a135e95b43", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/8/0", "start": 977, "end": 1127 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Adi Keih town prison. AI has reported this prison was used as an initial detention facility for draft evaders. (AI 28 July 2005) [5h]" } ] }, { "id": "b-fc9cdd5f77172dd77cfafb0e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/10/0", "start": 1142, "end": 1621 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Agip, Asmara. The location, according to Reporters Without Borders, of eight of the nine state media journalists arrested in November 2006. (Awate, 3 December 2006) [50s] \"Located behind the 'Capitol' cinema and opposite the presidential palace, this complex is 'where the police take detainess to torture them before transferring them to their final destination,' a former detainee told Reporters Without Borders.\" [50s] (p2)" } ] }, { "id": "b-caa924b9c5674b2b7165e494", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/12/0", "start": 1636, "end": 1772 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Alla, Decamhare town. Shipping containers reported as being used as punishment blocks in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16)" } ] }, { "id": "b-e9b51a6b5d430fd9d7b71e92", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/14/0", "start": 1787, "end": 2128 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Assab military prison, near the port of Assab. Human Rights Without Frontiers reported on 7 May 2003 that 74 soldiers were detained in Assab prison. [68a] The initial query claimed that the prison was known to house up to 5000 prisoners and that it held soldiers that \"ran afoul of their government\". [68a]" } ] }, { "id": "b-d1dfb86ff2efd5c320ad18a3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/16/0", "start": 2143, "end": 2743 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Dahlek Kebir, Dahlak islands. Detention and prison facilities built on the main Dahlek island in the Red Sea, with a capacity for 800 prisoners, and comprising of eight large sheetmetal buildings. (AI May 2004). [5c] (p16) It is where many of the detainees from the returns by Malta and Libya are thought to be imprisoned (HRW 2005) [29c] AI reported that in December 2002, 95 civilians and 85 conscript deserters of the Maltese returns arrived in Dahlek Kebir, with the civilians transferred back to the mainland in July 2003. [5c] (p23)" } ] }, { "id": "b-b242b10fbc6dfddeb8a0ad49", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/20/0", "start": 2773, "end": 3966 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Eiraeiro, Filfil-Selomuna area north of the Asmara-Massawa road. A 'secret' prison for political prisoners ( Awate.com, 31 August 2006) [50m]. It was purpose built in 2003, receiving the G15/G11 political prisoners from Embatkala in June 2003. It is reported to be comprised of 5 main blocks, with 2 main cell blocks, and 62 rooms used as cells; the standard cell size is 3 x 3 meters. [50m] (p2) The article claims there are 36 political prisoners, and names most of them, giving their cell numbers. [50m] (p2,3) Conditions are basic, and prisoners are chained and in solitary confinement. [50m] (p3-4) One hundred and fifty guards and staff operate the prison; the guards are heavily vetted and monitored. [50m] (p4-5) Reporters Without Borders, as reported in an IRIN news article of 16 November 2006, adds: that \"at least 62 political prisoners\" are held at Eiraeiro; that nine detainees had died as a \"result of 'various illnesses, psychological pressure or suicide'.\" and that three of the deaths were of journalists detained since September 2001. [19a]" } ] }, { "id": "b-9007a00e500097c8ba8341a3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/22/0", "start": 3981, "end": 4088 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Gahteley military camp, reception centre for new recruits. (Awate article, 26 November 2004) [50e ]" } ] }, { "id": "b-6506c6fd8ceb4866c2579216", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/24/0", "start": 4103, "end": 4269 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Galaalo military camp, Red Sea coast. Deaths of conscripted students reported in August 2001 while performing forced labour. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p20)" } ] }, { "id": "b-b87d6e066c022190d622f5b3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/28/0", "start": 4299, "end": 4708 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Gedem prison, 40 km south of Massawa. It is alleged to be the site of forced labour in 2004, with the construction of a naval base, numbering 400 prisoners who received minimal food and water, no medical attention after injury and the use of confinement in shipping containers in excessive temperatures as punishment. (Ehrag section, Awate.com, 16 June 2006) [50 h]" } ] }, { "id": "b-42869879bf1fc1e2d6b284d4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/30/0", "start": 4723, "end": 4819 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Haddis Ma'askar. An army prison equipped with underground cells (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16)" } ] }, { "id": "b-a6318e2156df6fd648b5d3c2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/32/0", "start": 4834, "end": 4984 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mai Edaga, Decamhare town. Shipping containers reported as being used as punishment blocks in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16)" } ] }, { "id": "b-f99a35e3fe6557e405b0cb9c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/34/0", "start": 4999, "end": 6378 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mai Serwa military camp near Asmara. The camp is used for the detention of draft evaders, and uses metal shipping containers and underground cells. (AI 28 July 2005) [5h] Human Rights Without Frontiers locates Mai Serwa as near Keren, with the initial query stating that it is three storeys high with the main prison built underground. (Canadian IRB 14 July 2003) [68a] AI reported in December 2005 that Helen Berhane, the Rema church gospel singer, \"… is held at Mai Serwa military camp near Asmara, in a metal shipping container with little ventilation that alternates between hot and cold temperature extremes and has no washing or toilet facilities.\" A Release Eritrea briefing, posted 25 June 2006, adds that Helen Berhane had been caught listening to a radio and \"As punishment she was transferred to an underground cell, where she was kept chained for two weeks.\" [31e] Helen Berhane was relea sed from prison in October 2006 (Release-Eritrea, 2 November 2006) [31h] (AI, 3 November 2006) [5o] ( CSW, 3 November 2006) [67c] The AI report of 3 November 2006 notes that initially, Ms Berhane was hospitalised in Asmara, where she was confined to a wheelchair \"due to the injuries she sustained to her feet and legs\". [5o]" } ] }, { "id": "b-5c33b7aff1ce713948b89999", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/36/0", "start": 6393, "end": 6485 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mai Temenei. An army prison equipped with underground cells (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16)" } ] }, { "id": "b-893a19dcfdc3a0530c2998c8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/38/0", "start": 6500, "end": 7519 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Sawa Military Training Camp, near the Sudan border. The complex includes the prison camp of Brigade Six, comprising of temporary barracks built on a hilltop to the right of the main camp. According to the testimony of an ex-prisoner reproduced by Awate.com, \"Sawa prison is made entirely of tin material\" and thus insufferably hot in the day and cold at night. It comprises of twelve tin barrack blocks. Malnutrition, poor hygiene and lack of medical attention reported, with high levels of infections and diseases associated with poor living conditions. (Ehrag section, Awate.com, 25 April 2006) [50 h] Photos of Sawa in 2000 and 2004 are to found in slide shows on the website of the National Union of Eritrean Youth Students (NUEYS) http://www.denden.com/NUEYS/. The USSD report for 2005 notes there were alleged cases of the rape and sexual abuse of female recruits by Sawa instructors. [4f] (p2, section 1c)" } ] }, { "id": "b-5a807c83fca72624cdcdcf50", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/40/0", "start": 7534, "end": 7646 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Sembel prison, Asmara. An officially-designated prison for political prisoners. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16)" } ] }, { "id": "b-d6125c1d8cb44f3968610e27", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/42/0", "start": 7661, "end": 7798 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tehadasso army prison. Shipping containers reported as being used as punishment blocks in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16)" } ] }, { "id": "b-dd5354e0656e8d24682c4992", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/44/0", "start": 7813, "end": 7994 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tessenei military prison, classed as 'rehabilitation centre'. Allegations of torture, beatings and general abuse reported in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p18)" } ] }, { "id": "b-01c54af3b7acf837787ebc47", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/46/0", "start": 8009, "end": 8297 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"Tract B\" military prison, Asmara. It comprises of a former US storage facility near Asmara airport. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) In late 2002, some EPLF veterans among the Maltese returnees were separated out at Adi Abeto and then sent to Tract B prison. [5c] (p23)" } ] }, { "id": "b-41384c597aed2b88864dfd8f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/48/0", "start": 8312, "end": 8424 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tsererat prison, Asmara. \"Mainly for EPLF veterans, held in underground cells.\" (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16)" } ] }, { "id": "b-f0ae971689089db3d88ffd15", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/50/0", "start": 8439, "end": 9135 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Wengel Mermera (Wenjel Mirmera) investigation centre. Sources refer to this centre as being where most of the detainees of Asmara mass arrests are held, such as, according to Release Eritrea \"… the dungeon-like inner prison in Asmara where many of Eritrea's prominent political prisoners are also believed to be incarcerated.\" [31] The AI May 2004 report adds that it is a special security section in the 2nd police station, Asmara. [5c] (p16) Compass Direct, April 2006, maintains that the 70 muslims arrested for protesting about the Government's imposition of a new chief mufti were detained in Wengel Mermera in one cell." } ] }, { "id": "b-9c84f689850ff58055040f26", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/52/0", "start": 9150, "end": 9829 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Wi'a/Wea detention centre. A desert detention camp built on the Red Sea coast. Temperatures in this area are often over 40 degrees centigrade. 121 men, arrested during the mass arrests on 28 May 2005 at the Meserete/Full Gospel wedding, are still reported as being in detention in Wi'a. [46b] (p2) The camp mainly processes youths detained in roundups; the reports of the February 2006 giffa indicate that the Anseba region high school students were sent to Wi'a. [50j] On 10 June 2005, a mass escape was attempted, and the authorities shot and killed 161 youths. 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ነብሳት ካርሸሊ (ከም ኣካል ዛንታ ስርሒት ፎርቶ 3ይ ክፋል)" } ] }, "editorial_title": true, "title_review_required": false, "alternate_titles": [ ">???? ??? ??? ???? ????", "መቓልሕ ድምጺ ኣልቦ ነብሳት ካርሸሊ (ከም ኣካል ዛንታ ስርሒት ፎርቶ 3ይ ክፋል)" ], "language": "mixed", "author": null, "byline": null, "byline_role": null, "date": null, "metadata_evidence": [], "text": "Sacttism classified documents of dwindling PFDJ added 20 new photos. 23 August at 13:32 · SOURCE https://www.facebook.com/sacttism/ መቓልሕ ድምጺ ኣልቦ ነብሳት ካርሸሊ (ከም ኣካል ዛንታ ስርሒት ፎርቶ 3ይ ክፋል) ኣብቲ ውዕውዕ ዘመን ድሕሪ ናጽነት ኣብ ወርሒ 12/1991 ኣብ ኣፍደገ ማርያም ግምቢ ተንጠልዪሉ ዝነበረ ሓደ ግጥሚ ዝስዕብ ትሕዝቶ ነበሮ፡፡ “ኣየ ማርያም ግምቢ!! ክንደይ ጀጋኑ ኣጨኒቕኪ ብዙሓት ደቂኣንስትዮ ኣምኪንኪ ብሉጻት ኤርትራውያን ኣዘኽቲምኪ ሰብ በላሕቲ ኣእምሮ ኣረሺንኪ፡፡ ደም ንጹሃት ንሰማይ ዓሪጉ ጓሓሉ ማርያም ግምቢ ካብ ተሰጉ ኣዕጽምቲ ስውኣትና ኣመስኪሩ ሓድጉ፡፡ እስኪ ተመስገን ንበሎ ንፈጣሪና ስውኣትና ኣመስኪሮም ኣብ ልዕሌና ንዓወት ዝረኣና ኣይኮነን ከሲብና ሓርበኛታት እዮም ርቡሓት ካብ ኩልና ይተዓለለሎም ይዘመረሎም ንስውኣትና ፡፡ እወ! እታ ክብርቲ ሀይወቶም ሰዊኦም ሓመድ ኣዳም ዘልብሶም ሲኢኖም ምእንቲ ሓፋሽ ህዝቦም ስኽፍ ኣይበሎም እስኪ ይቕሰን መቓብሮም፡፡ ኣኺሉኪ እዩ ሕጂ በጺሑኪ ንጽበ ኢና ኔርና ክዕጾ መቓብር ጋህስኺ መጽኦም ደቂ መሬት ኣረክቢ መፍቱሑኺ፡፡ በሊ ተሓጎሲ ኣዶ ሓየት ጅግና ተሓጎስ ከኣ ኣቦ ሓየት ፋና ክብሪ ይሰማዕኹም ደቂ ስውኣትና ሓበን ሃገር ዋልታ ጀጋኑና ባንዴራና ተተኺላ ኣብ ሃገርና ወጊሑ ደጊም ሓሊፉልና ነቕንዕ ክሳድና ትኽ ይበል ሑቖና ነማዕብል ዓድና ንህነጽ ሃገርና ዕድመ ንህግሓኤ ውድብና፡፡ ዘለኣለማዊ ክብሪ ንስውኣትና!! ዓወት ንሓፋሽ! ” ይብል፡፡ ክቡራት ኣንበብቲ ከመይ ኣለኹም!! ብዝተፈላለዩ ውልቃዊን ስድራቤታዊን ጸገማት ዋላ ምሉእ ብምሉእ ካብ ቃልሲ እንተዘይተፈለኹ ኣብ መርበባት ፌስቡክን ዌብሳይትን ዝነበረኒ ተሳትፎ ካብ ዘቋርጽ ዛጊት ኣዋርሕ ኣቑጺረ ኣለኹ፡፡ ኣብ ኩሉንትናዊ ቃልሲ ንሓርነት እንካይዶ ምንቅስቓስ ንዓና ንኤርትራውያን መርበባት ኢንተርኔት ዘለወን ኣበርክቶ ኣዚዩ ዓቢ ምኻኑ ርዱእ’ዩ፡፡ ዝርዝር ምኽንያቱ ብዘየግድስ ንኣዋርሕ ኣቋሪጸዮ ዝነበርኩ ስራሕ ካብ ሎሚ ጀሚረ ክቕጽሎ ምኻነይ እሕብር፡፡ በዚ ኣጋጣሚ ንንህላውነተይ ተገዲስኩም ካብ መላእ ዓለም ደሃይ ዝገበርኩም ግዱሳት ኣሕዋተይን ኣሓተይን ከምኡ’ውን ፊናንሳዊ ሓገዝ ዝገበርኩምለይ ግዱሳት ዜጋታት የመስግን፡፡ ፔጅ ሳክቲዝም ካብ ሎሚ ጀሚራ ብልዑል ምድላው ሰሙናዊን ዕለታዊን መደባት ሓንጺጻ ክትዓዬ ‘ያ፡፡ ደጊም ሓበሬታን ሚስጢራትን ኣባጓይላ ዕለታዊ ክፍኑ ኢየ፡፡ ከምቲ ዝተዓዝብኩምዎ ብ1991 እቲ ብዙሓት ኤርትራውያን ዝተቀዘፍሉ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማርያም ግምቢ ምስተዓጸወ ኣብ መእተዊኡ ብዝተንጠልጠለ ሓደ ግጥሚ ናይ ሎሚ ጽሑፈይ ፈሊመ ኣለኹ፡፡ በቲ እዋን ዘርከበ ዜጋ ንኽዝክሮን እቶም ሓደስቲ ወለዶታት ምእንተ ክፈልጥዎ ብሓጺሩ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማርያም ግምቢ፡ ኣብ እዋን መግዛእቲ ኢትዮጵያ ብፍላይ ከኣ ኣብ እዋን ደርግ ብ“ሰሜን ማእከላዊ ምርመራ መምሪያ” ዝፍለጥ ብዙሓት ዜጋታትና ዘሕቀቐ ኣዚዩ ዘስካሕኽሕ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ነይሩ፡፡ ድሕሪ ናጽነት ብውቅብ ቃላት፡ “ንጽበ ኢና ኔርና ክዕጾ መቓብር ጋህስኺ መጽኦም ደቂ መሬት ኣረክቢ መፍቱሑኺ፡፡” ዝተብሃለላ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማርያም ግምቢ ካልኦት መፋቱሕ ወሲኻ፡ እንሆ ርብዒ ዘመን ሓሊፉ ሓጂ እውን ጸሓይ ናጽነት ከይበረቐትልና ኣሻሓት ቤት ማሕቡሳት ወሊዳ ሃገር ብሃገራ ናብ መቓብር ተለዊጣ ሃገርና ኤርትራ State Prison ተሰሚያ ኣላ፡፡ ትማል ኣብ ጋህስታት ማርያም ግምቢ ብዙሓት ምዑታት ኤርትራውያን ዘጽነቱ በዓል ዘለቀ ውቤን ኣሻግሬ ደሳለን ብበዓል የማነ ኣፈወርቂን ካሕሳይ በየነን ዓይነት ደቂ ሃገር ተተኪኦም እንሆ ታሪኽ ኤርትራን ኤርትራውነትን ካብ ዝድወን 26 ዓመታት ኣቑጺርና፡፡ እምበኣር ነዛ ኣብ ግብሪ ብዘይወዓሉ ቃላት ዝወቀበት ግጥሚ ብምውካስ ካብሎሚ ጀሚረ ብተኸታታሊ ብዛዕባ መዓሙቕ ትሕቲ ምድሪን ልዕሊ ምድርን ቤት ማእሰርታት ስርዓት ህግደፍ ዝምልከት ሓበሬታ “መቓልሕ ድምጺ ኣልቦ ነብሳት” ኣብ ትሕቲ ዝብል ኣርእስቲ ብተኸታታሊ ክፍኑ ኢየ፡፡ ናይዚ ሓበሬታ ቀዳማይ ክፋል ከም ኣካል “ብዛንታ ስርሒት ፎርቶ” ብክፋላት ዝፈነኹዎ ጽሑፍ ኮይኑ፡ ናይ ገለ ተሳተፍቲ እቲ ስርሒት ህልው ኩነታት ወሲኸ ክገልጸልኩም እየ፡፡ ንስርሒት ፎርቶ ኣመልኪተ ዝጀመርኩዎ ጽሑፍ ዘይቀጸልኩሉ ቀንዲ ምኽንያት እቶም ዝተረፉ ሓበሬታታት፡ ኣዚዮም ተኣፈፍትን ንብዙሓት ዜጋታት ኣብ ሓደጋ ዘውድቑን ብምኻኖም እዩ፡፡ ምቹእ ኩነታት ምስተፈጥረ ሓደ መዓልቲ ሳልሳይን ናይ መወዳእታን ክፍል “ዛንታ ስርሒት ፎርቶ” ክፍንወልኩም ኢየ፡፡ ሕጂ ናብቲ ንሎሚ ዘዳለኹዎ ጽሑፍ ከብለኩም፡፡ ኣብ ሃገርና ብዛዕባ ዝተደኮና ናይ ልዕልን ትሕትን ምድሪ ቤት ማእሰርታት ብዙሓት ጺሒፎምሉን ተዛሪቦምሉን እዮም፡፡ ብፍላይ ኣብ መርበባት ኢንተርኔት ኣዳላዊኡ ዘይተፈልጠ ሓደ ጽሑፍ ኣብ ኤርትራ ልዕሊ 350 ቤት ማእሰርታት ከምዘለዋ ብዝርዝር ብምርቋሕ ብዙሓት ክፈልጡ ጌሩ’ዩ፡፡ ብወገነይ ዝርዝር ቤት ማእሰርታት ምግላጹ ዋላ አገዳሲ እንተኾነ፡ እቲ ዝበለጸ ግን ኣብ ሕድሕድ ቤት ማሕዩር ዝካየድ ግፍዒን ፈጸምቱን ህዝቢ ክፈልጦም ምግባር ይመስለኒ፡፡ እምበኣር ሎሚ ኣብ ማእከል ኣስመራ ካብ ዝርከባ ቤት ማእሰርታት ሓደ ዝኾነ ንቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርሸሊ ኣመልኪተ ዘዳለኹዎ ጽሑፍ ክፍንወልኩም፡፡ ብመሰረት መምርሒታት ኣባጓይላ ጥፍኣት ኢሳይያስ፡ ኣብ ሃገርና ብሓፈሻ ሰለስተ ዓይነት ቤት ማሕዩራት ኣለዋ፡፡ እዚኣተን ከኣ ብሓጺሩ፡ ቅርጺ ኣልቦ ማሕዩራት፡ ሓውሲ ቅርጺ ዘለወን ቤት ማእሰርታትን ወትሃደራዊ ተሃድሶታትን እየን፡፡ እተን ስማዊ ቅርጺ ዘለወን ቤት ማእሰርታት ድማ ኣብ ማሕበራዊ ጉዳያት ኣድሂበን ክነጥፋ ዝተመደባ ኮይነን ኣብ ትሕቲ ኮሚሽን ፖሊስን “ኣገልግሎት ቤት ማእሰርትን ተሃድሶ”ን ዝመሓደራ እየን፡፡ ብኮሎኔል መሓሪ ጸጋይ ዝምራሕ ኮሚሽን ፖሊስ ብሓፈሻ 59 መደበራትን ናቑጣታትን ይሕዝ፡፡ ኣብ ትሕቲ ብር/ጀነራል ግርማይ መሓሪ ዝመሓደር “ኣገልግሎት ቤት ማእሰርትን ተሃድሶን” ዝብል ሓበራዊ መጸውዒ ተዓዲልዎን ዝነጥፋ 14 ድጓናታት ከኣ ኣብ ኩለን ዞባታት ኣለዋ፡፡ ብተወሳኺ ብወትሃደራዊ ተሃድሶ ዝጽዋዕ ካብ ማእከላይ ቤ/ጽ በለዛ ክሳብ ኣብ መላእ ሃገር ዝርከባ ክፍላተ ሰራዊት ዝተዘርገሓ ማእለያ ዘይብለን ቤት ተሃድሶታት ኣለዋ፡፡ ብዛዕባ እዘን “ሓውሲ ቅርጽን ኣወዳድባን” ዘለወን ቤት ማእሰርታትን ድጓናታትን ዝምልከት ሓበሬታ ቀስብቐስ ኣብ ቀጻሊ ክቐርብ ‘ዩ፡፡ እተን ብቐንዱ ብኢሳይያስን እሙናት ኣገልገልቱን ጥራይ ዝምርሓ ዘሰካሕኽሕ ግፍዒታት ዘእንግዳ ቅርጺ ኣልቦ ቤት ማእሰርታት ድማ ብቤ/ጽሕፈት ፕረሲዳንት፡ ወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሕነትን ብቤ/ጽ ጀነራል (ፍሊጶስ) ዝእለያ’የን፡፡ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርሸሊ ከኣ ኣብ ትሕቲ’ዚ ቅርጺ ኣልቦ መስርሕ ትጥርነፍ ኣሰቃቒት ቤት ማሕዩር እያ፡፡ ኣቐዲሙ ብ “ወንጀል መርምራ” ዝፍለጥ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርሸሊ፡ ኣብ ባዕዳዊን “ሃገራዊን” መግዛእቲ ኤርትራ ብዙሓት ዜጋታትና ዝተሳቐዩላን ዝሃለቑላን ብዘበነ መግዛእቲ ኢጣሊያ ዝተሃንጸት ምድራዊት ሲኦል’ያ፡፡ ኣብ ዘመነ ህግደፍ ’ውን እቲ ኩቡር ወዲ ኣዳም ክብረት ስኢኑ ዝናሸወላ፡ ዝሓስረላ፡ ዝዋረደላን ብዘይሰማዒ ዝጠፍኣላ ገሃንም ’ያ፡፡ ቅዩድ ብዘይገበን፡ ብዘይፍርዳዊ መስርሕ ተቐይዱ ካብ ተፈጥራዊ ዑደት ተሓይሩ፡ ዝርንዛሕ እንዳነብዐ፡ ክሳብ ጫፍ ዓለም እንዳ ኣእወየ፡ ብሕማማት ዝሳቐየሉ፡ ብቀዝሒ ዝስንክለሉ፡ ብጸልማት ኣዕይንቱ ዝሓረሉ፡ ብሓፈሻ እቲ ክቡር ወዲ ሰብ ናብ እንስሳ ዝቕየረሉ ኣሰቃቒ ቤት ማእሰርቲ’ዩ፡፡ ንዓና ንኤርትራውያን ኣብ ሕድሕድ ቤት ማሕቡስ በቶም ሕድሪ ሰማእታት ዝጠለሙ ዝፍጸም ኢ-ሰብኣዊ ፍጻመታትን፡ ባርባራዊ ገበናትን ኣይክሕድሰናን፡፡ እቲ ዘግድስ ጽባሕ ኣብታ ንትምነያ ዲሞክራሳዊት ኤርትራ ተሓተቲ ዝኾኑ ሰተይቲ ደም ንጹሃን ዜጋታት ብኣግኡ ፈሊና ምስናድ’ዩ፡፡ ኣጸቢቑ ንዘስተብሃለሉ ሰብ፡ እታ ኣብ ማእከል ከተማ ኣስመራ ትርከብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርሸሊ፡ ካብ ጎዳጉዲ ዒራዒሮ ቀጺላ፡ መእለይት ውሽጣዊ ፍርሒን ራዕድን ኢሳይያስ ምኻና ይርዳእ፡፡ ብምስምስ “ፖለቲካ” ኣብ ካርሸሊ ዝእሰሩ ሰባት መብዛሕትኦም ከምቶም ኣባላት ጉጅለ -15 ንናይ ን”መንበር ፕረሲዳንት ዘቋምቱ”ን ንብልሽው ባህሪያት ኢሳይያስ ዝርድኡ ሰባት እዮም፡፡ ብመሰረት’ዚ ከኣ ኢሳይያስ ኣዚዩ ዝተሓላለኸ ውዳቤታት ፈጢሩ፡ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርሸሊ ሒደት ዕሱባቱ ዝከታተሉዋ፡ ከምታ ዒራዒሮ ደሴት መቕዘፍቲ ደቂ ኣዳም ጌሩዋ ኣሎ፡፡ ብሓፈሻ ወይ ኣብ ከይዲ ቃልሲ ንሓርነት ዝጠፍኡ ወይ ከኣ ኣብ እዋን ሓርነት ዝሕተቱ ንቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርሸሊን ዝጸረቶም ክውል ገበናትን ኣንዳዕዲኦም ዝፈልጡን ዝፍጽሙን እቶም ቀንዲ በላዕቲ ሰብን ሰተይቲ ደም ዝስዕቡ’ዮም፡ 1. ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ (ፕረሲዳንት) 2. ጀነራል ፍሊጶስ ወልደየውሃንስ (ሓለቓ ስታፍ ሓ/ም/ኤርትራ) 3. ብር/ጀነራል ስምኦን ገብረድንግል (ኣዛዚ ሃገራዊ ሓይልታት ፖሊስን ጸጥታን) 4. ብር/ጀነራል ኣብርሃ ካሳ (ሓላፊ ወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሕነት) 5. ብር/ጀነራል ተኽለ ክፍላይ -ማንጁስ (ኣዛዚ ሰሜን እዚ፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊትን ምክትታል ዶባትን ነበር ኣብዚ እዋን ኣዛዚ ምዕራባዊ እዚ) 6. ብር/ጀነራል ጠዓመ ጎይቶኦም -መቐለ (ኣብ ቤ/ጽ ፕረሲዳንት ሓላፊ ክፍሊ ምውህሃድ ተቓወምቲ ጉጅለታት ምብራቕ ኣፍሪቃ) 7. ኮ/ል ተስፋልደት ሃብተስላሰ (ወኪል ጸጥታ ቤ/ጽ ፕረሲዳንት) 8. ኮ/ል ጋይም ተስፋንኪኤል (ሓለፊ ወጻኢ ስለያ) 9. ኮ/ል ወልደዝጊ ባህታ (ሓላፊ ክፍሊ ውሽጣዊ ጸጥታ) 10. ኮ/ል የማነ ኣፍወርቂ (ሓላፊ ኣካል ግብረሽበራን ምክትታል ጉጅለ ዓፈናን ስጉምትን) 11. ኮ/ል ዮናስ ብጹእ ኣምላክ (ሓላፊ ክፍሊ ስለያ ምክትታል ዶባት) 12. ሜጀር ካሕሳይ በየነ (ሓላፊ ኣካል መርመራን ምጽራይ ሃ/ሓ/ፖ/ጸጥታን) …እዮም፡፡ ብተመሳሳሊ ናይዞም ላዕለዎት ሓለፍቲ ትእዛዛት ተቐቢሎም ኣብተን መሳፍሒ ኣልቦ ውሻጠታት ካርሸሊ ዜጋታት ዘሳቕዩን ዘሕቕቑን ማእከለዎት ሓለፍቲ ድማ • ሜጀር ኣቶብርሃን ገብረሃንስ፡- (ሳጓ፡ ሰካሕ ዓዲ፡- እምባደርሆ መንበሪ፡- ካምቦ ፖሊስ ማይተመናይ) ንዓመታት ሓላፊ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርሸሊ ብምኻን ዘገልገለን ኣብ ኩሎም ገበናት ኢድ ዘለዎ ዘይውግዓዊ እሙን ኣባል ፖሊስ፡ ሃገራዊ ድሕነትን ቤ/ጽ ፕረሲዳንትን ‘ዩ፡፡ • ሜጀር ጸጋይ ገብረሂወት (ዓዲ፡- ኮኾባይ መንበሪ፡- ሓዝሓዝ) ንዓመታት ከም ምኽትልን መርማሪ ኮይኑ ዘገልገለ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ’ዩ፡፡ ኣብ ትሕቲ ዞም ክልተ ሓለፍቲ ብግዴታ ይኹን ብወለንታ ዝዓዩ መርመርቲ ኣባላት ሃገራዊ ኣገልግሎት ድማ ዝስዕቡ ‘ዮም፡፡ 1. የማነ ተስፊት (ኣስመራ) 2. ገዛኢ ኤልያስ (ሕምብርቲ) 3. ተኽለ ባራኺ (ኣስመራ) 4. ብርጣንያ (ኣስመራ) ዝተብሃሉ እዮም፡፡ እዞም ኣባላት ዕለታዊ ምርግጋጽ ህላወ እሱራትን፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ ቀጽሪ ካርሸሊ ዝፍጸሙ ተርእዮታት ተኸታቲሎም ኣጻሪዮም ጸብጻብ ዘቕርቡ እዮም፡፡ ንሜጀር ኣቶብርሃን ሓዊሱ ምስዞም 6 ኣባላት ዝተሓጋገዙ ዳዊት በኹረጽዮንን ኢለንን ዝተብሃሉ ጸሓፍቲ ኣለው፡፡ እታ ንብዙሕ ዓመታት ንጹሃት ኤርትራውያን ዝሓቐቑላ፡ መሬታዊ ሲኦል ካርሸሊ፡ ኣብዚ እዋን ብሰለስተ ሽፍቲ ዝተወዝዑ፡ ብ74 ኣባላት ዕለታዊ ዕቱብ ሓለዋ ይግበረላ’ሎ፡፡ ብፍላይ ኣብ ቀረባ እዋን ላሑኺ ተኣፈፍቲ ሚስጢራት ምስ ኣጋጠመ፡ እቶም ኣባላት ነንባዕሎም ከይተኣማመኑ ዝገብር ፍሉይ ገምጋማዊ ተኽሊጥ ብምክያድ ሓድሽ ዓይነት ሓለዋ ይካየድ ኣሎ፡ ብመሰረት ሓድሽ ተኽሊጥ እቶም እሙናት ተባሂሎም ዝተመመዩ መራሕቲ ሽፍቲ ሓለዋ ዝስዕቡ’ዮም፡- 1. ሰርጌንቲ ግርማይ ኣርአያ (ነባሪ ሓዝሓዝ ኣዛዚ 1ይ ሽፍቲ) 2. ሃብተማርያም የውሃንስ (ነባሪ ካምቦ ፖሊስ ሰምበል ኣዛዚ 2ይ ሽፍቲ) 3. ሰርጌንቲ ዓምራ ኢብራሂም (ነባሪ ራዲዮመሪና ኣዛዚ 3ይ ሽፍቲ) እዮም፡፡ ድሕሪ ምህዳም ኣባል ሓ/ኣየር ነበር ካፒተን ዓንደሕሸል፡ ዳርጋ ንኹሎም ኣባላት ጽዑቕ መርመራን ምክትታል ዝተገብረሎም ኮይኑ ኣብ ምንቅስቓስ ሓለዋ፡ ኣብ ኣተኣላሊያ መካይን፡ ኣብ ምጽፋፍ ዕጥቂን ኣብ ስርዓተ ኣመጋግባ እሱራት ዝተፈላለዩ ለውጥታት ተገይሮም ኢዮም፡፡ ብፍላይ እቶም ኣውቲስቲ ብወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሕነት ብርቱዕ መርመራ ምስተገብረሎም ክልቲኦም ክቕጽሉ ተገይሮም፡፡ ኣብ ምምልላስ ቅዩዳት ዚያዳ ዝእመኑ መራሕቲ መካይን፡ 1. ፍጹም ዓንደብርሃን (ዓዱ ሓጋዝ መንበሪኡ ከረን) 2. ሹም ባሕሪ ፍስሃየ ( ዓዱ ሰረጀቓ መንበሪኡ ኣስመራ) እዮም፡፡ (ዓንደሕሸል ካብ ካርሸሊ ክሃድም እንከሎ ናይዚ ሹም ባሕሪ ዝመርሓ መኪና ምጥቃሙ ይዝከር) ኣብ ቤት ማእስርቲ ካርሸሊ ዝፍጸሙ ኣሰቀቕቲ ግፍዒታት ንምኽዋል ኢሳይያስ ብፍላይ ካብ 2014 ንደሓር ገለ ኣባላት ፖሊስ ተኣፈፍቲ ኣብ ዘይኮኑ ውስናት ስርሓት ክሳተፉ ጌሩ ‘ዩ፡፡ እዚ መስርሕ፡ ኢሳይያስ ኣብ እዋን ሓለዋ ሰውራ እውን ዝጥቀመሉ ዝነበረ ክውል መናውራ ምኻኑ ይዝከር፡፡ ከም ሓድሽ መናውራ ድማ ንገለ እሱራት (ቅዩዳት) ድሕሪ መርመራ ምስ ኣባላት ፖሊስ ብምትእስሳር ናብ ጸጻራትን ካልኦት ቤት ማእሰርታትን ንክዛወሩ መምርሒታት ከውርድ ጸኒሑ እዩ፡፡ ብቤት ጽሕፈት ፕረሲዳንትን ሃገራዊ ድሕነትን ተመርሚሮም ካብ ካርሸሊ ናብ ማይሱርዋ፡ ጸጸራት፡ ዓዲኣቤቶን ካልኦት ቤትማእሰርታትን ንኽዛወሩ “ዕድል ዝገብሩ” እሱራት ኣብ ምቅይያር ክሳተፍ ዝተሓረየ ሓላፊ ድማ ኮ/ል ባሻይ ወልዳይ ዝተብሃለ ኣባል ኮሚሽን ፖሊስ’ዩ፡፡ ብኣንጻሩ ብሓላፊ ኣካል መርመራን ምጽራይን ወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሕነት ሜጀር ካህሳይ በየነ (ወዲ በየነ) ዝካየድ መርመራን ቅዝፈትን ድማ ክከታልን ክኣልን ካብ ቤ/ጽ ፕረሲዳንት ዝተመዘ እሙን ኪኢላ መርመራ “ፍሉይ ገበናት” ራሻይዳ ዝተብሃለ ሰብ’ዩ፡፡ (ብዛዕባ ራሻይዳን ተግባራቱን ዝምልከት ዝርዝር ሓበሬታ ሓደ መዓልቲ ከቕርበልኩም ኢየ፡፡) ራሻይዳ፡ ወዲ በየነን ፍስሃጽዮንን ካብቶም ድሕሪ ናጽነት ንብዙሓት መሳኪን ዜጋታት ከሳቕዩ ዝተሓረዩ ሓድጊ ኢሳይያስ ‘ዮም፡፡ ምድራዊት ሲኦል ካርሸሊ ኣብ ታሪኽ ኤርትራ ንወለዶታት መምሃሪ ዝኸውን ታሪኽ ክስነደላ ዝግባእ ቤት መቕዘፍቲ ‘ያ፡፡ ኣብዛ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣትዩ ብህይወት ዝወጽእ ዳርጋ የለን፡፡ እቶም “ተፈቲሖም” ተባሂሎም ናብ ስድርኦም ዝፋነዉ ገለ እሱራት’ውን ብዘይፍወስ ሕማም ምስተጠቕዑን ምሟቶም ከምዘይተርፍ ዝተረጋገጹ ጥራይ ‘ዮም፡፡ ገለ “ኢድን እግሪ ዘይብሎም ኣብ ኣፍ ሞት ዝርከከቡ” እሱራት ተባሂሎም በዓል ወዲ በየነ ምስ ወሰኑሎም፡ ዝኾነ ዓይነት ሓበሬታ ከየምልቑ ብምፍርራሕ፡ ወረቐት ዓዲሉ ዘፋኑዎም ኣባል ውሽጣዊ ጸጥታ ሜጀር ሚናሰ ስምረት (ወዲ ስምረት) ዝተብሃለ ተወላዲ ሕምብርቲ ዝኾነ ተጋዳላይ እዩ፡፡ ንኣብነት ብነሓሰ 18/2017 ዝተሰውአ ተጋደላይ ሰለሞን ሃብቶምን ካልኦትን ኣብ እዋን መስዋእቶም/ሞቶም ኣስከሬን ንስድራቤት ዝዕድል እዚ ውልቀ ሰብ እዩ፡፡ ብተወሳኺ ዕድል ጌሮም ምናልባሽ ዓይኖም ዓዊሮም ክፋነው ዝተወሰነሎም ከም በዓል ሓጂ መሓመድ ሑሴን ኣላህሙዲ ዓይነት እሱራት ወረቐት ዓዲሉ ዘፋኑን ዘፈራርሕን ኣባል ውሽጣዊ ጸጥታ ‘ውን ወዲ ስምረት ‘ዩ፡፡ ኣብ ታሪኽ “ህግደፋዊት” ኤርትራ ‘ቶም ንውሻጠ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ንምግላጽ እንጥቀመሎም ልሙዳት ቃላት “ካሜራን ሸላን” ዝብሉ ኣስማት ‘ዮም፡፡ ብዓይኒ ሓቂ ግን እቲ ውሽጣዊ ትሕዝቶን ኣብዞም ጎዳጉዲ ብኽውል ዝፍጸም ግፍዕን፡ ገበናትን፡ ብዕምቆት ንዝተረድኦ ሰብ ብቓላት ተሓንጢጡ ዘይውዳእ ኣዚዩ ሕሱም ክውንነት እዩ ዝረአ፡፡ ብሓፈሻ ኣብ ጎዳጉዲ ካርሸሊ ተሰኪዖም በቢዕለቱ ዘስካሕክሕ ፍጻመታት እንዳሕለፉ ንሞቶም ዝጽበዩ ዘለው ዜጋታት መብዛሕትኦም እቶም ህጉም ጥሒሶም መሬታዊ ናጽነት ዘረከቡ ተጋደልቲ እዮም፡፡ ብምስምስ “ትሕቲ ሃገራዊነትን ፖለቲካዊ ገበናትን” ተቐይዶም ኣብ ሸላታት ካርሸሊ ዝሓቀቑ ብዙሓት ደቂ ሃገር፡ ንታሪኽ ሓዲግና ሕጂ ‘ውን ምእንተ ሓቅን ርትዕን ፍትሕን ራህዋን ኢሎም ኣብ ኢድ ኣባጓይላ ዝሓቁ ዘለው ቅኑዓት ሰብ መትከል ዜጋታት ኣለው፡፡ እቶም ንዓመታት ንሃልኪ ኣደንቋሪ ፖለቲካዊ ፕሮፖጋንዳ ጥራይ፡ ኣስማቶም እንረቑሖም ሕጂ ‘ውን ኣብ ኣፍ ሞት ኮይኖም “ተኣምራታዊ ፍታሕ” ይጽበዩ ኣለው፡፡ እስከ ሎሚ ካብ ምኒን ዝብል ፕሮጋንዳዊ ኣተሓሳስባ ወጺእና፡ ንካልኢት እኳ ህይወት ናይ’ዞም ካብ መትከሎም ነቕ ከይበሉ ኣብ ድቕድቕ ጸልማት 29 ካሜራታት ካርሸሊ ተጓሒፎም ዘለው ግሩሃት ዜጋታት ንሕሰብ፡፡ ሀ) ብምስምስ “ትሕቲ ሃገራዊነትን ፖለቲካን” ዝተኣሰሩ 1. ብር/ጀነራል ቢትወደድ ኣብርሃ (ካሜራ 02) 2. ብር/ጀነራል ሃብተጽዮን ሓድጉ (ካሜራ 25) 3. ኮ/ል ተስፋልደት ስዩም ( ካሜራ 17) 4. ተጋዳሊት ኣስቴር ዮውሃንስ (ካሜራ 06 ሸላ ቁጽሪ 31) 5. ተጋዳሊት ሰናይት ደበሳይ (ካሜራ 06 ሸላ ቁጽሪ 06) 6. ተጋዳላይ እርምያስ ደበሳይ -ፓፓዮ (ካሜራ 03) ይርከብዎም፡፡ እዞም ትማል ምእንቲ ናጽነት ብዙሕ ዝኸርተቱ ምዑታት ዜጋታት ሓዊሱ ካልኦት ብዙሓት ቅዩዳት ሕጂ ‘ውን ሰማዒ ዝሰኣነ ኣውያት እንዳእወዩ ናብ መቓብር የምርሑ ኣለው፡፡ ክቡራት ኣንበብቲ! ናይዚ ጽሑፍ ቀንዲ ዕላማ ንኹሎም ቅዩዳት ምርቋሕ ስለ ዘይኮነ ካብ”ቶም ክብ ኢሎም ዝተገልጹ ብተወሳኺ ንመወከሲ ክኾነኩም ንገለ ብህይወት ዘለው ቅዩዳት ጥራይ ክውስኽ፡ • ኣምባሳደር ተወልደብርሃን፡ ኣብታ ደጀን ዓንደሕሸል ተኣሲሩላ ዝነበረ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 03 ምስ ሱዳናዊ ነስረዲንን እርሚያስ ፓፓዮን ብሓባር ኣሎ፡፡ • ዮውሃንስ ገብረመስቀል (ወዲጓላ) መርማሪ ዓዲኣቤቶን ማይሱርዋን ዝነበረ (ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 11) • ኣቦ “ሚኒስተር” ዓሊ ዓብዱ ኣቦይ ዓብዱ ኣሕመድ የኑስ ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 04 ምስ ካልኦት 11 ቅዩዳት ኣብ ሕማቕ ጥዕናዊን ኣካላዊን ኩነታት ይርከቡ፡፡ ኣብዛ ካሜራ ዝነበረ ሜጀር እዮብ ዝተብሃለ ብሳጉኡ ጸጸራት ተባሂሉ ዝጽዋዕ ኣባል ኢሜግረሽን ተኣሊዩ ኣሎ፡፡ ለ) ብምስምስ “መንፈስን ጥሩፍነትን” ዝተቐየዱ ብምስምስ ጀሃድ፡ እስላማዊ ጥሩፍነት፡ መንፈሳውያንን ምልዓል ሃይማታዊ ናዕቢን፡ ካብ ኩሎም ሃይማኖታዊ ትካላት ዝተቐየዱ ብሓፈሻ ልዕሊ 40 ኣመንቲ ዝነበሩ ኮይኖም ብሕማምን ብመርሸንትን በቢሓደ እንዳጸነቱ ኣብዚ እዋን ኣስታት 17 ጥራይ ብህይወት ተሪፎም ኣለው፡፡ ካብዚኣቶም እቶም ብህዝቢ ዝፍለጡ ህልዋት ዝስዕቡ እዮም፡ 1. ዶ/ር ፍጹም ገብረንጉስ ካብ ፕሮቲስታንት ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 23 ምስ 8 ካልኦት ዜጋታት ኣሎ፡፡ ምስ ዶ/ር ፍጹም ገብረንጉስ ብሓባር ተኣሲሮም ዝርከቡ ኣመንቲ ፕሮቲስታንት ዶ/ር ክፍሉ ገብረመስቀል፡ ሃይለ ናይዝጊ፡ ፓስተር ኪዳነ ወልዱ ኮይኖም ብሰንኪ ሕማቕ ኣተሓሕዛን ስእነት ሕክምናን ግዳይ ዝተፈላለዩ ሕማማት’ዮም፡፡ 2. ቀሺ ገብረመድህን ገብረገርግስ፡ ዶ/ር ተኽለኣብ መንግስትኣብ፡ ካብ ኣመንቲ ኦርቶደክስ (ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 23) ሙሴ እዛዝ፡ ሙሴ ገብረስላሰ ዝበሃሉ እሱራት ብሓባር ኣለው፡፡ ከምኡ’ውን ብጉዳይ ኣቡነ ኣንጠንዮስ ዝተቐየዱ ቀሺ ይትባረኽ በርሀ ድማ ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 05 ምስ ካልኦት 03 እሱራት ተቐይዶም ይርከቡ፡፡ ሐ) ብምስምስ “ብልሽውናን ዝተፋለለዩ ስኑዕ ምኽንያታት” ዝተቐየዱ እዞም እሱራት ብትእዛዝ ሓለፍቲ ወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሕነትን ቤ/ጽ ፕረሲዳትን ዝተቐየዱ ኮይኖም፡ ቀንዲ መእሰሪ ምኽንያቶም ኣይፍለጥን፡፡ እንተኾነ ናብ ቤ/ጽ ፕረሲዳንት ካብ ዝለኣኹ ገለ ጸብጻባት ግን እቶም እሱራት “ንፕረሲዳንት ሓሚዮም፡ ስሙ ኣጸሊሞም፡ ምንጩ ዘይተፈልጠ ዘይተኣደነ ማል ኣጥሪዮም፡ ተደናገጽቲ ጉጅለ 15 እዮም፡ ኣብ ልዕሊ ፕረሲዳንት ፈተነ ቅትለት ሓሲቦም፡ ኣባላት ጅብሃ ነይሮም” ወዘተ ብዝብሉ ክሲታት ዝተቐየዱ ምኻኖም ይገልጽ፡፡ ክሳብ ዕለት 15/08/2017 በዞም ዝተሰንዑ መበገሲታት ኣብ ካርሸሊ ዝርከቡ ብዝሒ እሱራት ዝስዕቡ ‘ዮም፡ • ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 01 ሰለስተ እሱራት (ምስ ብር/ጀነራል ቢትወደድ) • ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 03 ሸሞንተ እሱራት (ምስ እርሚያስ ፓፓዮ) • ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 04 ዓሰርተው ክልተ እሱራት (ምስ ኣቦ ዓሊ ዓብዱ) • ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 05 ኣርባዕተ እሱራት (ምስ ቀሺ ይትባረኽን ባኒ ኣንቶኒዮ ሉሉ ዝተብሃለ ኣባል ብሄር ኩናማን) • ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 07 ሽዱሽተ እሱራት ( ምስ ካብ ከሰላ ዝተጨውየ ዑሞር ዝተብሃለ ሱዳናዊ) • ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 08 ብጀነራል ፍሊጶስ “ብሓደራ” ዝተቐዱ 3 እሱራት • ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 09 ትሽዓተ እሱራት • ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 10 ኣሰጋገርቲ ተባሂሎም ዝተቐየዱ 12 እሱራት ኣለው፡፡ ኣብዛ ካሜራ ሃይለስላሰ ዝተብሃለ ኣብ ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ክፍሊ ዕድጊ ዝሰርሕ ዝነበረ ንዓመታት ተኣሲሩ ነይሩ፡፡ ብተወሳኺ ኣብ 2006/07 ምስ በዓል ባህር ስነ-ጥበባዊ እድሪስ መሓመድ ዓሊ ብወዲ በየነ መርመራ ካብ ዝተገብረሎም ሓደ ብሕሱም ማህረምቲ ኣብ ዝነበረላ ሸላ ዝተቐዝፈ ሮባት ኣልሓሰን ዝተብሃለ ስፖርታዊ (ወዲ ከረን) ቅድሚ ናብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 19 ምቕያሩ ዝጸንሓላ ካሜራ እያ፡፡ መንእሰይ ሮባት ኣልሓሰን ምስ ሳልሕ ሑሴኖ ዝተብሃለ ብ”ጀሃድ” ተጠርጢሩ ካብ ከባቢ ጾሮና ተዓፊኑ ዝመጸ ዜጋ ኣብ መርመራ ብዝወረዶም ሕሱም ማህረምቲ ኣብ መወዳእታ ወርሒ 6/2007 ኣብ ጉዋ መገዲ ደቂምሓረ (ጥቓ ዓዲርዓዳ) ብኣባለት ጉጅለ ዓፈናን ስጉምት ብለይቲ ዝተቐብሩ’ዮም፡፡ • ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 12 ብሓላፊ ምክትታል ዶባት ኮ/ል ዮናስ ብጹእ ኣምላክ ካብ ዶባት ኤርትራን ሱዳንን ተዓፊኖም ዝኣተው 11 እሱራት ኣለው፡፡ • ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 23 ሸሞንተ ኣባላት ጉጅለ ተቓውምቲ ኢትዮጵያ ብትእዛዝ ብ/ጀነራል ጠዓመ ጎይቶኦም (መቐለ) ዝተቐየዱ ኣለው፡፡ ከምኡ ‘ውን • ኣብ ካሜራታት ቁጽሪ 25፡ 26፡ 27፡ 28ን 30ን ነብሰወከፈን ሐሓደ እሱር ተዳጊኖምለን ኣለዋ፡፡ • ኣብ ውሽጢ ካርሸሊ እተን ብኣዚዩ ልዑል ጥንቃቐ ዝተሓዛን ብፍሉያት ኣባላት ጉጅለ ዓፈናን ስጉምትን ዝሕለዋ ካሜራታት ቁጽሪ 17ን 19ን እየን፡፡ እዘን ካሜራታት ነጋዳይ ፍቕረ ዝተቐዘፈላ ሸላን ከምኡ’ውን በዓል ስነ-ጥበባዊ እድሪስ መሓመድ ዓሊን ብጾቱን ቅድሚ ምርሻኖም ዝጸንሑለን ሸላታት ዝሓዛ እየን፡፡ ኣብ ካሜራ 17 ጥቓ ኮ/ል ተስፋልደት ስዩም ሳልሕን ኣቦቡክርን ዝተብሃሉ ክልተ ቅዩዳት ኣለው፡፡ ክቡራት ኣንበብቲ!! ንቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርሸሊ ኣመልኪተ ነዚ ጽሑፍ ኣብ ምድላው ኣብ ዝነበርኩሉ ኣብዚ እዋን ከምቲ ልሙድ ሓደ ካብቶም ምቹእ ናብራ ግዳም ጠንጢኖም ስለ ናጽነት ኤርትራ ንሙሉእ ዕድሚኦም ተቓሊሶም፡ ኢድ ጠላም ኢሳይያስ ኣርኪብዎም ኣብ ጎድጊዲ ካርሸሊ ን14 ዓመታት ዝተሳቔዩ እሱራት ዝነበረ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ሰለሞን ሃብቶም ብነሓሰ 18/2017 ተሰዊኡ ኣሎ፡፡ ተጋዳላይ ሰለሞን ምስ ሓርበኛ ተጋዳላይ ዕቑበ ኣብርሃ ብዘለዎ ዝምድና “ተደናጋጺ ጉጅለ 15” ተሰሚዩ ንኣስታት 14 ዓመታት ኣብ ካርሸሊ ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 15 ዋላ ሓንቲ ጥዕናዊ ሓገዝ ከይተገብረሉ ብዝተፈላለዩ ሕማማት ተጠቒዑ ዝተሰውአ ዜጋ እዩ፡፡ ስውእ ሰለሞን ምስ 3 ኣሕዋቱ ንሜዳ ወጺኡ ክልተ ኣሕዋቱ ንናጽነት ዘወፈየ ተባዕ ተቓላሳይ ነይሩ፡፡ ንምግላጹ ብዘጸግም ኩነታት ከየዕረፈ ናብ መቓብር ብዘምረሐ ተጋ/ ሰለሞን ኣሰቃቒ ሓዘን ዝወረደኩም ስድራቤቱን መላእ ፈተውቱን ጽንዓት ይሃብኩም እብል፡፡ ከምትፈልጥዎ ኣብ ብዙሓት ጽሑፋተይ ንኢሳይያስ ክገልጾ እንከለኹ ምስ “ጸሓይ ዝዓረበቶ ዝኣረገ ዝብኢ” ከመሳስሎ እመርጽ፡፡ እወ! ሕጂ’ውን ከምቲ ዝኣረገ ዝብኢ ንገዛእ ዝቖሰለ ስግኡ ዝምንጭት ጠላም ኣባጓይላ ኢሳይያስ ከኣ ኣብ ኣጋ ዕርበቱ ትማል መሳርሕቱ ዝነበሩ ሓለፍቲ በቢሓደ ይምንጭቶም ኣሎ፡፡ ኣሰቃቒት ቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርሸሊ ድማ ከምታ “ደርጋዊት ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማርያም ግምቢ” ኣብ ኣጋ ዕርበቱ መቕዘፊት ላዕለዎት ሓለፍቲ ኮይና ኣላ፡፡ ኣብታ ኣዚዩ ዝተሰናበደላ “ስርሒት ፈርቶ” ዝተሳተፉ ገለ ግሩሃት ‘ውን ብኸውሊ ኣብ ካርሸሊ ካብ ዝሰፍሩ ዛጊት ዓመታት ኣቑጺሮም ኣለው፡፡ እምበኣር ብርዱእ ምኽንያታት ብዝርዝር ንምጽሓፍ ካብ ዘይመረጽኩዎ ፍጻመታት “ዛንታ ስርሒት ፎርቶ”፡ ኣብ ካርሸሊ ተጓሒፎም ዝርከቡ ተሳተፍቲ እቲ “ስርሒት” ዝምልከት ሓበሬታ ናይ ገሊኦም ቆንጭለ ብሃሳሰለባም ገለ ክብለኩም፡፡ ብሓፈሻ ብምኽንያት “ስርሒት ፎርቶ” ኣብ ቀይዲ ዝኣተው ብኣማኢት ዝቑጸሩ ዜጋታት ነይሮም፡፡ ካብ መወዳእታ ወርሒ 01/2013 ጀሚሩ ኣብ ላዕላይ ደንጎሎ መርመራ ክካየደሎም ጸኒሑ፡፡ ድሕሪ ደቂቕ መርመራን መግረፍትን እቶም ኣባላት “ወጠንቲ” “ወደብቲ”፡ “ተሳተፍቲ”ን “ተደናገጽት”ን ተባሂሎም ናብ 4 ጉጅለታት ተፈሊዮም፡፡ ብመሰረት መጽናዕታት ወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሕነት፡ ጨንፈር ወትሃደራዊ ጠለፋን ቤ/ጽ ፕረሲዳንት ድማ ኣብ 3 ዝተፈላለዩ ቤት ማእሰርታት ክቕየዱ ተገይሮም፡፡ ሎሚ ንካልእ ዝርዝራት ሓዲገ እቶም ኣብ ካርሸሊ ዝተዳጎኑ “ቀንዲ ወጠንቲ” ስርሒት ፎርቶ ተባሂሎም ዝተፈልዩ ሓለፍቲ ክገልጸልኩም፡፡ 1. ሜጀር ጀነራል ዑመር ሓሰን ሑሞድ ጠዊል (ኣዛዚ ማእከላይ እዚ ነበር) ድሕሪ ፍጻመ ፎርቶ ኣብ መንበሪ ገዝኡ ንክልተ ወርሑ ብሓለዋ ተሓይሩ ጸኒሑ እዩ፡፡ ንነዊሕ ዓመታት ብጀሃድ ተጠርጢሩ ኣብ 2015 ዝሞተ ተወላዲ ብሄር ዓፋር ዝነበረላ ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 01 ንበይኑ ኣብ ጸልማት ተኣሲሩ ኣሎ፡፡ ካብ ወርሒ ሕዳር 2016 ጀሚሩ ኣዒንቱ ዓዊሩ ብዝተፋለዩ ብሕማማት ይሳቐ ኣሎ፡፡ 2. ዓብዳላ መሓመድ ማሕሙድ ጃብር (ሓላፊ ውድባዊ ጉዳያት ህግደፍ ነበር) ኣብ ከባቢ ጸጸራት ካብ ዝርከብ መንበሪኡ ብኣባላት ስጉምትን ዓፈናን ወኪል ሃ/ድሕነት ብዕለት 21 ጥሪ 2013 ተታሒዙ ኣብ ላዕላይ ደንጎሎ መርመራ ተገይርሉ፡፡ ድሕሪ ኣዋርሕ ናብ ካርሸሊ ግዒዙ ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 02 ኣብ ጥቓ ጀነራል ቢትወደድ ኣብርሃ ካብ ዘለዋ ሸላታት ኣብ ሓንቲ ጸልማት ሸላ ተኣሲሩ ኣሎ፡፡ 3. ኣሕመድ ሓጂ ዓሊ (ሚኒስተር ጸዓትን ማዕድንን ነበር) ኣብ ማእከላይ ቤ/ጽ ሚኒስትሪ ጸዓትን መዓድንን ኣብ ውሽጢ ቤ/ጽሕፈቱ ብኣባላት ስጉምትን ዓፈናን ኣብ ትሕቲ ቀይዲ ውዒሉ ድሕሪ መርመራ ኣብታ ኣዚዩ ጽኑዕ ሓለዋ ዝግበረላ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 19 ተዳጊኑ፡፡ ልዕሊ ዝኾነ ተሳታፊ ስርሒት ፎርቶ ኣብ ኣዚዩ ጥንኩር ሓለዋ ይርከብ፡፡ 4. ኮ/ል ሳልሕ ዑስማን በኺት (ኣዛዚ ክ/ሰ 17 ነበር) ድሕሪ ፍጻመ ፎርቶ ካብ ዓዲንኣምን ንሸነኽ ምብራቕ (ከባቢ ዓዲብዴንን ሕረኳዜንን) ካልኣይ ርእሱ ምስተተሓዘ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሓደ ሰሙን ብብ/ጀነራል ኣብርሃ ካሳ፡ ብ/ጀነራል ስምኦን ገብረድንግል፡ ብ/ጀ ስምኦን ዕቕቡ (ርእሲ ምራኽ) ን ብ/ጀ ተኽለ ክፍላይ (ተኽለ ማንጁስ)ን ተዓጂቡ ኣብ ን/ዞባ ማይ ዓይኒ ከባቢ ሰርዐ ንዝእዝዞም ኣባላት ክ/ሰ 17 ብዛዕባ እቲ ስርሒት ክናዘዝ ኣገዲዶምዎ፡፡ ድሕሪ መርመራ ድማ ናብ ካርሸሊ ኣብ ካሜራ 27 ኣብ ትርከብ ሓንቲ ፊኒስትራ ዘይብላ ሸላ ተዳጊኑ፡፡ ኣብዚ እዋን ብሕማም ሳምቡእ (Phenumonia) ይሳቐ ኣሎ፡፡ 5. ሌ/ኮ ኣለም መንግስትኣብ - ግዝዋ (ኣዛዚሜካናይዝድ ክ/ሰ 42 2ይ ብርጌድ ነበር) ምስ ኮ/ል ሳልሕ ዑስማን ኣብ ከባቢ ዓዲንኣምን ምስተተሓዘ ድሕሪ ከቢድ መርመራ ኣብ መወዳእታ ናብ ካርሸሊ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 19 ንሸነኽ ደቡባዊ ምብራቕ ኣብ ዘላ ጸላም መሳፍሒ ኣልቦ ሸላ ተኣሲሩ ይርከብ፡፡ 6. ሌ/ኮ ኣብርሃም ገብረሚካኤል - ግላዋ (ኣዘዚ ሜካናይዝድ ክ/ሰ 49 2ይ ብርጌድ ነበር) ኣብ ጥቓ ኣለም ግዝዋ ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 19 ኣብ ሓንቲ ጸላምን ጸባብን ሸላ ተቐይዱ ኣሎ፡፡ 7. ዓብዱ መሓመድ ዓብዱ በክሪ ሄጂ (ጋዜጠኛን ኣምባሳደር ኤርትራ ኣብ ፓኪስታ ነበር ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 07 ተቐይዱ ብሕማማት ይሳቐ ኣሎ) ክቡራት ኣንበብቲ!! ብምኽንያት ስርሒት ፎርቶ ካብ መላእ ሃገር ተኣርዮም ዝተኣሰሩ ዜጋታት ኣስታት 110 ኔሮም፡፡ እዞም ክብ ኢሎም ዝተገለጹ ቀንዲ “ወጠንትን ሃንደስትን” ተባሂሎም ዝተፈለዩ እዮም፡፡ ካብ ላሕኺ ተኣፈፍቲ ሓበሬታት፡ “ዒራዒሮ” ተሞኩሮ ብምውሳድ፡ ኣብ ቀረባ ርሕቐት ዝምለከቶም ኣባላት ጸጥታ ብኣዚዩ ጥንኩር ኣገባብ ኣብ ካርሸሊ ክተሓዙ ቤ/ጽ ፕረሲዳንት ዝወሰነሎም እዮም፡፡ ብፍላይ ሚኒስተር ጸዓትን ማዕድንን ነበር ኣሕመድ ሓጂ ዓሊን እቶም ነተን ድሩዓት ታንክታት ዘበገሱን ዝኣለዩን ኣለም ግዝዋን ኣብርሃም ግላዋን ኣብታ ብወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሕነት/ውሽጣዊ ጸጥታ ፍሉይ ጠመተ ዝግበረላ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 19 ተፈሊዮም ን24 ሰዓታት ኣብ ጸልማት ሸላታት ክእሰሩ ተገይሮም ኣለው፡፡ እዞም ቅዩዳት ብፍሉይ ክተሓዙ ዝተደለየሉ ምኽንያት ደረጃ ዕድሜኦምን ምስ ስውእ ኮ/ል ስዒድ ዓሊ ሕጃይ (ወዲ ዓሊ) ዝነበሮም ጥቡቕ ቅርበት ኣብ ግምት ብምእታው ‘ዩ፡፡ ብመንጽር ወትሃደራዊ ኣሃዱታት ክረአ እንከሎ ኣብ ታሪኽ ቅድመን ድሕረን ናጽነት ንህዝባዊ ግንባር ዝፍታተኑ፡ ብዘይዝኾነ ስክፍታ ብድፍረት በዳህቲ ሕቶታት ዘንቅዱ ኣባላት ሜካናይዝድ ምንባሮም ይዝከር፡፡ ብ1993 ኣብ ዝነበረ “ኣድማ ተጋደልቲ” እውን ኣባላት ከቢድ ብረት ዝለዓለ እጃም ከምዝነበሮም ዝርሳዕ ኣይኮነን፡፡ ብተመሳሳሊ ኣብ ታሪኽ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ኣብ ዓውደ ውግእ ኣዚዩ ኣድማዒን ቀላስን ኣበርክቶ ዝነበሮ ኣሃዱ ሜካናይዝድ ብምንባሩ ኢሳይያስ ኣድማዕነት ኣሃዱታት ሜካ ኣጸቢቑ ስለዝፈልጦ ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ እዋናት ብተኽሊጥን ካልኦት መናውራታትን ከገለባብጦ ጸኒሑ እዩ፡፡ ኣብ ስርሒት ፎርቶ ውን ነቲ ስጉምቲ ክወስዱ ዝተሓረዩ ኣባላት ሜካ ብምንባሮም ኣብ ልዕሊ ሜካ ዝነበሮ ሕዱር ስግኣት በሪኹ ከይወዓለ ከይሓደረ መደባት ተኽሊጥ ኣካይዱ እዩ፡፡ በዚ ምኽንያት ምስ ወዲ ዓሊ ዚያዳ ምቅርራብ ዝነበሮም መራሕቲ ሜካ ኣብ ካርሸሊ እውን ብሕሱም ኣገባብ ክተሓዙ ኣዚዙ፡፡ ንሳቶም ዝተቐየዱለን ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 19 ኣብ ዝርከባ ሸላታት ተሓይሩ ብህይወት ዝጸንሐ ወይ ዝወጸ እሱር የልቦን፡፡ ብሞትን ብመርሸንትን ዝተኣለዩ በዓል ባህር ስነ-ጥበባዊ እድሪስ መሓመድ ዓሊ፡ ኣደም ሽልሸል፡ ኣልኣሚን ጀላኒ፡ ካፒተን ኣሕመድ መሓመድ (ጅኑብ)፡ ሮባት ኣልሓሰን ተኣሲሮምለን ዝነበራ ሸላታት ውን ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 19 ዝርከባ እየን፡፡ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 19 ብቐጥታ ንቤ/ጽ ፕረሲዳንትን ሃገራዊ ድሕነትን ዝተፈለየት ኮይና ኣብዚ እዋን ብደቂቕ መጽናዕቲ ዝተፈለዩ ኣዚዮም “እሙናት” መጋቦን ኣበጻጻሕትን ተመዲቦምላ ኣለው፡፡ እዞም ሰባት ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 19 ዝጸረቶ ጉድን ኣበርጉድን ዝፈልጡ፡ ጽባሕ ምስ ወግሐልና ህልዋት መሰኻኽር “ጸሊም ዘመን” ስለዝኾኑ ኩሉ ግዱስ ኤርትራዊ ብኣግኡ ንከለልዮም ብዝርዝር ክጠቕሶም መሪጸ ኣለኹ፡፡ 1. ሽፋ ዓብደላ፡- (ተወላዲ ብሄር ሳሆ ት/ዓዱ፡- ደምሒና መንበሪኡ፡- ኣስመራ) ከም ሓላፊ እቶም መጋቦ ኮይኑ ብቀትርን ለይትን ብበዓል ወዲ በየንን ራሻይዳን ዝምርመሩን ዝቕጥቀጡን እሱራት ካብ ሸለኦም ጸሊም ማስኬራ ሸፊኑ ዘመላልስ ኣባል ሃገራዊ ኣገልግሎት እዩ፡፡ 2. መድሃንየ ግርማይ፡- (ት/ዓዲ፡ ሰንዓፈ መንበሪ ኣስመራ ኣባል ሃ/ኣገልግሎት) መጋብን ተለኣኣኺን፡፡ 3. ዓንዳይ ተኽላይ ፡- (ትውልዱ ዓዲ ከባቢ ጋሽባርካ ኣባል 9ይ ዙርያ ሃ/ኣገልግሎት መንበሪ ኣስመራ) መጋብን ተለኣኣኺን፡፡ 4. ተስፎም ተኽለ -ኣምቸ (መንበሪ ኣስመራ ኣባል 10ይ ዙርያ ሃ/ኣገልግሎት) መጋቢን ተለኣኣኺን 5. ተስፋይ ሃብተኣብ ፡ (ት/ዓዱ ማይድማ መንበሪ ኣስመራ ኣባል 9ይ ዙርያ ሃ/ኣገልግሎት) እዮም፡፡ ቅዋም ኣብ ዘይብሉ ሃገር፡ ፍትሕን ርትዒን ኣብ ዘይሕሰበሉ ህሞት፡ ወዲ ሰብን ሰብኣዊነትን ብናይ ጫካ ሕጊ ኣብ ዝምርሑላ ሃገርና፡ ሕጂ ውን ኢሳይያሳውያን ከም ካርሸሊ ዓይነት ምድራውያን ሲኦላት ልዕሊን ትሕትን ምድሪ እንዳሃነጹ ዜጋታትና የህልቑ ኣለው፡፡ “ዘዝጸንሐ ናብ ሞት፡ ዘዝተወልደ ናብ ስደት”፡ ኣብ ዘምርሓላ ሃገር ኮይና ሚዲያታት ክነማሙቕ ነንባዕልና ክንናቖት ነሕልፎ ግዜ ደጊም ክህልዎ ኣይግባእን፡፡ ልዕሊ ዝኾነ እዋን ተግባራዊ ስጉምታት ምውሳድ እዋናዊን ሕቶ ኤርትራዊ ህላውነትን እዩ፡፡ ደጊመ ንስድራ ግዳይ ካርሸሊ ስውእ ተጋዳላይ ሰለሞን ሃብቶም ጽንዓት ይሃብኩም እብል፡፡ SHARE.....SHARE ....SHARE ....IN ALL ACCOUNTS AND GROUPS SO THAT EVERY ONE CAN KNOW AND SEE", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "074925bc0ee393fe2da46c18", "source_sha256": "ef514468ee531e21208f30adc0fcec42e8406b3f66f5283f7647ea7cc897510b", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-cd61c83a4f400ce8a68ed30e", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/1", "start": 10, "end": 452 }, "anchors": [], "level": 3, "content": [ { "text": "Sacttism classified documents of dwindling PFDJ", "href": "https://www.facebook.com/sacttism/?hc_ref=ARSUVKI2zDn10Bbr3CDOCxOeIVe7yx3btRCQHIdJIZf-vQ-k9Hk4JvdWCEM19Tqtqw8" }, { "text": " added " }, { "text": "20 new photos", "href": "https://www.facebook.com/sacttism/posts/768309696685244" }, { "text": "." } ] }, { "id": "b-b5e3bb4ee874332cb11b9504", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/3/1/0", "start": 467, "end": 480 }, "anchors": [ "source-js_2hx", "source-u_jsonp_10_1d" ], "content": [ { "text": "23 August at 13:32", "href": "https://www.facebook.com/sacttism/posts/768309696685244" }, { "text": " · SOURCE" }, { "text": " https://www.facebook.com/sacttism", "href": "https://www.facebook.com/sacttism/?hc_ref=ARSUVKI2zDn10Bbr3CDOCxOeIVe7yx3btRCQHIdJIZf-vQ-k9Hk4JvdWCEM19Tqtqw8&pnref=story" }, { "text": "/" } ] }, { "id": "b-9a0a3fb498fe595eda97b4f2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/1/0", "start": 1005, "end": 1027 }, "anchors": [ "source-id_59ac4ac0c83cf2c98989281" ], "content": [ { "text": "መቓልሕ ድምጺ ኣልቦ ነብሳት ካርሸሊ \n (ከም ኣካል ዛንታ ስርሒት ፎርቶ 3ይ ክፋል)" } ] }, { "id": "b-17424bed53420b4c495810a4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/3/0", "start": 1080, "end": 1169 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብቲ ውዕውዕ ዘመን ድሕሪ ናጽነት ኣብ ወርሒ 12/1991 ኣብ ኣፍደገ ማርያም ግምቢ ተንጠልዪሉ ዝነበረ ሓደ ግጥሚ ዝስዕብ ትሕዝቶ ነበሮ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-742206de92715737a22dec0f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/1/0", "start": 1194, "end": 1208 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“ኣየ ማርያም ግምቢ!!" } ] }, { "id": "b-d31d766080572c60c31516d5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/3/0", "start": 1223, "end": 1237 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ክንደይ ጀጋኑ ኣጨኒቕኪ\n ብዙሓት ደቂኣንስትዮ ኣምኪንኪ\n ብሉጻት ኤርትራውያን ኣዘኽቲምኪ\n ሰብ በላሕቲ ኣእምሮ ኣረሺንኪ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-08be4b548eb2ff71b22cfac5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/5/0", "start": 1351, "end": 1368 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ደም ንጹሃት ንሰማይ ዓሪጉ \n ጓሓሉ ማርያም ግምቢ ካብ ተሰጉ\n ኣዕጽምቲ ስውኣትና ኣመስኪሩ ሓድጉ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-357553af18b42d6cc81dfbc5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/7/0", "start": 1453, "end": 1473 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እስኪ ተመስገን ንበሎ ንፈጣሪና \n ስውኣትና ኣመስኪሮም ኣብ ልዕሌና\n ንዓወት ዝረኣና ኣይኮነን ከሲብና\n ሓርበኛታት እዮም ርቡሓት ካብ ኩልና \n ይተዓለለሎም ይዘመረሎም ንስውኣትና ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-fab85afde0986ec59a03c05c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/9/0", "start": 1631, "end": 1654 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እወ! እታ ክብርቲ ሀይወቶም ሰዊኦም \n ሓመድ ኣዳም ዘልብሶም ሲኢኖም\n ምእንቲ ሓፋሽ ህዝቦም \n ስኽፍ ኣይበሎም እስኪ ይቕሰን መቓብሮም፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-e18ed79ebffcd0fa7d093ada", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/11/0", "start": 1770, "end": 1786 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣኺሉኪ እዩ ሕጂ በጺሑኪ \n ንጽበ ኢና ኔርና ክዕጾ መቓብር ጋህስኺ \n መጽኦም ደቂ መሬት ኣረክቢ መፍቱሑኺ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-1c4fe73adc979fc8390db14d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/13/0", "start": 1878, "end": 1897 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "በሊ ተሓጎሲ ኣዶ ሓየት ጅግና \n ተሓጎስ ከኣ ኣቦ ሓየት ፋና \n ክብሪ ይሰማዕኹም ደቂ ስውኣትና \n ሓበን ሃገር ዋልታ ጀጋኑና \n ባንዴራና ተተኺላ ኣብ ሃገርና \n ወጊሑ ደጊም ሓሊፉልና \n ነቕንዕ ክሳድና ትኽ ይበል ሑቖና \n ነማዕብል ዓድና ንህነጽ ሃገርና \n ዕድመ ንህግሓኤ ውድብና፡፡ \n ዘለኣለማዊ ክብሪ ንስውኣትና!!\n ዓወት ንሓፋሽ! ” ይብል፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-f834471144bcf3b30244209a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/15/0", "start": 2234, "end": 2255 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ክቡራት ኣንበብቲ ከመይ ኣለኹም!!" } ] }, { "id": "b-9bc7aaaf8b2fd3dce4039133", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/17/0", "start": 2270, "end": 2661 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብዝተፈላለዩ ውልቃዊን ስድራቤታዊን ጸገማት ዋላ ምሉእ ብምሉእ ካብ ቃልሲ እንተዘይተፈለኹ ኣብ መርበባት ፌስቡክን ዌብሳይትን ዝነበረኒ ተሳትፎ ካብ ዘቋርጽ ዛጊት ኣዋርሕ ኣቑጺረ ኣለኹ፡፡ ኣብ ኩሉንትናዊ ቃልሲ ንሓርነት እንካይዶ ምንቅስቓስ ንዓና ንኤርትራውያን መርበባት ኢንተርኔት ዘለወን ኣበርክቶ ኣዚዩ ዓቢ ምኻኑ ርዱእ’ዩ፡፡ ዝርዝር ምኽንያቱ ብዘየግድስ ንኣዋርሕ ኣቋሪጸዮ ዝነበርኩ ስራሕ ካብ ሎሚ ጀሚረ ክቕጽሎ ምኻነይ እሕብር፡፡ በዚ ኣጋጣሚ ንንህላውነተይ ተገዲስኩም ካብ መላእ ዓለም ደሃይ ዝገበርኩም ግዱሳት ኣሕዋተይን ኣሓተይን ከምኡ’ውን ፊናንሳዊ ሓገዝ ዝገበርኩምለይ ግዱሳት ዜጋታት የመስግን፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-4c520bbb97e9c62a46d32fea", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/19/0", "start": 2676, "end": 2774 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ፔጅ ሳክቲዝም ካብ ሎሚ ጀሚራ ብልዑል ምድላው ሰሙናዊን ዕለታዊን መደባት ሓንጺጻ ክትዓዬ ‘ያ፡፡ ደጊም ሓበሬታን ሚስጢራትን ኣባጓይላ ዕለታዊ ክፍኑ ኢየ፡፡ \n ከምቲ ዝተዓዝብኩምዎ ብ1991 እቲ ብዙሓት ኤርትራውያን ዝተቀዘፍሉ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማርያም ግምቢ ምስተዓጸወ ኣብ መእተዊኡ ብዝተንጠልጠለ ሓደ ግጥሚ ናይ ሎሚ ጽሑፈይ ፈሊመ ኣለኹ፡፡ በቲ እዋን ዘርከበ ዜጋ ንኽዝክሮን እቶም ሓደስቲ ወለዶታት ምእንተ ክፈልጥዎ ብሓጺሩ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማርያም ግምቢ፡ ኣብ እዋን መግዛእቲ ኢትዮጵያ ብፍላይ ከኣ ኣብ እዋን ደርግ ብ“ሰሜን ማእከላዊ ምርመራ መምሪያ” ዝፍለጥ ብዙሓት ዜጋታትና ዘሕቀቐ ኣዚዩ ዘስካሕኽሕ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ነይሩ፡፡ ድሕሪ ናጽነት ብውቅብ ቃላት፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-85431748d4778e83d7da1d30", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/21/0", "start": 3123, "end": 3149 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“ንጽበ ኢና ኔርና ክዕጾ መቓብር ጋህስኺ \n መጽኦም ደቂ መሬት ኣረክቢ መፍቱሑኺ፡፡” ዝተብሃለላ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማርያም ግምቢ ካልኦት መፋቱሕ ወሲኻ፡ እንሆ ርብዒ ዘመን ሓሊፉ ሓጂ እውን ጸሓይ ናጽነት ከይበረቐትልና ኣሻሓት ቤት ማሕቡሳት ወሊዳ ሃገር ብሃገራ ናብ መቓብር ተለዊጣ ሃገርና ኤርትራ State Prison ተሰሚያ ኣላ፡፡ ትማል ኣብ ጋህስታት ማርያም ግምቢ ብዙሓት ምዑታት ኤርትራውያን ዘጽነቱ በዓል ዘለቀ ውቤን ኣሻግሬ ደሳለን ብበዓል የማነ ኣፈወርቂን ካሕሳይ በየነን ዓይነት ደቂ ሃገር ተተኪኦም እንሆ ታሪኽ ኤርትራን ኤርትራውነትን ካብ ዝድወን 26 ዓመታት ኣቑጺርና፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-f2ce45afc35e714862fb0975", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/23/0", "start": 3527, "end": 4030 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እምበኣር ነዛ ኣብ ግብሪ ብዘይወዓሉ ቃላት ዝወቀበት ግጥሚ ብምውካስ ካብሎሚ ጀሚረ ብተኸታታሊ ብዛዕባ መዓሙቕ ትሕቲ ምድሪን ልዕሊ ምድርን ቤት ማእሰርታት ስርዓት ህግደፍ ዝምልከት ሓበሬታ “መቓልሕ ድምጺ ኣልቦ ነብሳት” ኣብ ትሕቲ ዝብል ኣርእስቲ ብተኸታታሊ ክፍኑ ኢየ፡፡ ናይዚ ሓበሬታ ቀዳማይ ክፋል ከም ኣካል “ብዛንታ ስርሒት ፎርቶ” ብክፋላት ዝፈነኹዎ ጽሑፍ ኮይኑ፡ ናይ ገለ ተሳተፍቲ እቲ ስርሒት ህልው ኩነታት ወሲኸ ክገልጸልኩም እየ፡፡ ንስርሒት ፎርቶ ኣመልኪተ ዝጀመርኩዎ ጽሑፍ ዘይቀጸልኩሉ ቀንዲ ምኽንያት እቶም ዝተረፉ ሓበሬታታት፡ ኣዚዮም ተኣፈፍትን ንብዙሓት ዜጋታት ኣብ ሓደጋ ዘውድቑን ብምኻኖም እዩ፡፡ ምቹእ ኩነታት ምስተፈጥረ ሓደ መዓልቲ ሳልሳይን ናይ መወዳእታን ክፍል “ዛንታ ስርሒት ፎርቶ” ክፍንወልኩም ኢየ፡፡ ሕጂ ናብቲ ንሎሚ ዘዳለኹዎ ጽሑፍ ከብለኩም፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-dafe4515accb10f36f307580", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/25/0", "start": 4045, "end": 4424 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ ሃገርና ብዛዕባ ዝተደኮና ናይ ልዕልን ትሕትን ምድሪ ቤት ማእሰርታት ብዙሓት ጺሒፎምሉን ተዛሪቦምሉን እዮም፡፡ ብፍላይ ኣብ መርበባት ኢንተርኔት ኣዳላዊኡ ዘይተፈልጠ ሓደ ጽሑፍ ኣብ ኤርትራ ልዕሊ 350 ቤት ማእሰርታት ከምዘለዋ ብዝርዝር ብምርቋሕ ብዙሓት ክፈልጡ ጌሩ’ዩ፡፡ ብወገነይ ዝርዝር ቤት ማእሰርታት ምግላጹ ዋላ አገዳሲ እንተኾነ፡ እቲ ዝበለጸ ግን ኣብ ሕድሕድ ቤት ማሕዩር ዝካየድ ግፍዒን ፈጸምቱን ህዝቢ ክፈልጦም ምግባር ይመስለኒ፡፡ እምበኣር ሎሚ ኣብ ማእከል ኣስመራ ካብ ዝርከባ ቤት ማእሰርታት ሓደ ዝኾነ ንቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርሸሊ ኣመልኪተ ዘዳለኹዎ ጽሑፍ ክፍንወልኩም፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-3000225561f41b169f010848", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/27/0", "start": 4439, "end": 5078 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብመሰረት መምርሒታት ኣባጓይላ ጥፍኣት ኢሳይያስ፡ ኣብ ሃገርና ብሓፈሻ ሰለስተ ዓይነት ቤት ማሕዩራት ኣለዋ፡፡ እዚኣተን ከኣ ብሓጺሩ፡ ቅርጺ ኣልቦ ማሕዩራት፡ ሓውሲ ቅርጺ ዘለወን ቤት ማእሰርታትን ወትሃደራዊ ተሃድሶታትን እየን፡፡ እተን ስማዊ ቅርጺ ዘለወን ቤት ማእሰርታት ድማ ኣብ ማሕበራዊ ጉዳያት ኣድሂበን ክነጥፋ ዝተመደባ ኮይነን ኣብ ትሕቲ ኮሚሽን ፖሊስን “ኣገልግሎት ቤት ማእሰርትን ተሃድሶ”ን ዝመሓደራ እየን፡፡ ብኮሎኔል መሓሪ ጸጋይ ዝምራሕ ኮሚሽን ፖሊስ ብሓፈሻ 59 መደበራትን ናቑጣታትን ይሕዝ፡፡ ኣብ ትሕቲ ብር/ጀነራል ግርማይ መሓሪ ዝመሓደር “ኣገልግሎት ቤት ማእሰርትን ተሃድሶን” ዝብል ሓበራዊ መጸውዒ ተዓዲልዎን ዝነጥፋ 14 ድጓናታት ከኣ ኣብ ኩለን ዞባታት ኣለዋ፡፡ ብተወሳኺ ብወትሃደራዊ ተሃድሶ ዝጽዋዕ ካብ ማእከላይ ቤ/ጽ በለዛ ክሳብ ኣብ መላእ ሃገር ዝርከባ ክፍላተ ሰራዊት ዝተዘርገሓ ማእለያ ዘይብለን ቤት ተሃድሶታት ኣለዋ፡፡ ብዛዕባ እዘን “ሓውሲ ቅርጽን ኣወዳድባን” ዘለወን ቤት ማእሰርታትን ድጓናታትን ዝምልከት ሓበሬታ ቀስብቐስ ኣብ ቀጻሊ ክቐርብ ‘ዩ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-b99ade01bad43dff112b4ffa", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/29/0", "start": 5093, "end": 5704 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እተን ብቐንዱ ብኢሳይያስን እሙናት ኣገልገልቱን ጥራይ ዝምርሓ ዘሰካሕኽሕ ግፍዒታት ዘእንግዳ ቅርጺ ኣልቦ ቤት ማእሰርታት ድማ ብቤ/ጽሕፈት ፕረሲዳንት፡ ወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሕነትን ብቤ/ጽ ጀነራል (ፍሊጶስ) ዝእለያ’የን፡፡ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርሸሊ ከኣ ኣብ ትሕቲ’ዚ ቅርጺ ኣልቦ መስርሕ ትጥርነፍ ኣሰቃቒት ቤት ማሕዩር እያ፡፡ ኣቐዲሙ ብ “ወንጀል መርምራ” ዝፍለጥ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርሸሊ፡ ኣብ ባዕዳዊን “ሃገራዊን” መግዛእቲ ኤርትራ ብዙሓት ዜጋታትና ዝተሳቐዩላን ዝሃለቑላን ብዘበነ መግዛእቲ ኢጣሊያ ዝተሃንጸት ምድራዊት ሲኦል’ያ፡፡ ኣብ ዘመነ ህግደፍ ’ውን እቲ ኩቡር ወዲ ኣዳም ክብረት ስኢኑ ዝናሸወላ፡ ዝሓስረላ፡ ዝዋረደላን ብዘይሰማዒ ዝጠፍኣላ ገሃንም ’ያ፡፡ ቅዩድ ብዘይገበን፡ ብዘይፍርዳዊ መስርሕ ተቐይዱ ካብ ተፈጥራዊ ዑደት ተሓይሩ፡ ዝርንዛሕ እንዳነብዐ፡ ክሳብ ጫፍ ዓለም እንዳ ኣእወየ፡ ብሕማማት ዝሳቐየሉ፡ ብቀዝሒ ዝስንክለሉ፡ ብጸልማት ኣዕይንቱ ዝሓረሉ፡ ብሓፈሻ እቲ ክቡር ወዲ ሰብ ናብ እንስሳ ዝቕየረሉ ኣሰቃቒ ቤት ማእሰርቲ’ዩ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-6a852cfc1d592e28ed44eaa9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/31/0", "start": 5719, "end": 6381 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ንዓና ንኤርትራውያን ኣብ ሕድሕድ ቤት ማሕቡስ በቶም ሕድሪ ሰማእታት ዝጠለሙ ዝፍጸም ኢ-ሰብኣዊ ፍጻመታትን፡ ባርባራዊ ገበናትን ኣይክሕድሰናን፡፡ እቲ ዘግድስ ጽባሕ ኣብታ ንትምነያ ዲሞክራሳዊት ኤርትራ ተሓተቲ ዝኾኑ ሰተይቲ ደም ንጹሃን ዜጋታት ብኣግኡ ፈሊና ምስናድ’ዩ፡፡ ኣጸቢቑ ንዘስተብሃለሉ ሰብ፡ እታ ኣብ ማእከል ከተማ ኣስመራ ትርከብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርሸሊ፡ ካብ ጎዳጉዲ ዒራዒሮ ቀጺላ፡ መእለይት ውሽጣዊ ፍርሒን ራዕድን ኢሳይያስ ምኻና ይርዳእ፡፡ ብምስምስ “ፖለቲካ” ኣብ ካርሸሊ ዝእሰሩ ሰባት መብዛሕትኦም ከምቶም ኣባላት ጉጅለ -15 ንናይ ን”መንበር ፕረሲዳንት ዘቋምቱ”ን ንብልሽው ባህሪያት ኢሳይያስ ዝርድኡ ሰባት እዮም፡፡ ብመሰረት’ዚ ከኣ ኢሳይያስ ኣዚዩ ዝተሓላለኸ ውዳቤታት ፈጢሩ፡ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርሸሊ ሒደት ዕሱባቱ ዝከታተሉዋ፡ ከምታ ዒራዒሮ ደሴት መቕዘፍቲ ደቂ ኣዳም ጌሩዋ ኣሎ፡፡ ብሓፈሻ ወይ ኣብ ከይዲ ቃልሲ ንሓርነት ዝጠፍኡ ወይ ከኣ ኣብ እዋን ሓርነት ዝሕተቱ ንቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርሸሊን ዝጸረቶም ክውል ገበናትን ኣንዳዕዲኦም ዝፈልጡን ዝፍጽሙን እቶም ቀንዲ በላዕቲ ሰብን ሰተይቲ ደም ዝስዕቡ’ዮም፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-1645c3ddc4e029257015bf0c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/33/0", "start": 6396, "end": 6419 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1. ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ (ፕረሲዳንት)\n 2. ጀነራል ፍሊጶስ ወልደየውሃንስ (ሓለቓ ስታፍ ሓ/ም/ኤርትራ) \n 3. ብር/ጀነራል ስምኦን ገብረድንግል (ኣዛዚ ሃገራዊ ሓይልታት ፖሊስን ጸጥታን) \n 4. ብር/ጀነራል ኣብርሃ ካሳ (ሓላፊ ወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሕነት)\n 5. ብር/ጀነራል ተኽለ ክፍላይ -ማንጁስ (ኣዛዚ ሰሜን እዚ፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊትን ምክትታል ዶባትን ነበር ኣብዚ እዋን ኣዛዚ ምዕራባዊ እዚ)\n 6. ብር/ጀነራል ጠዓመ ጎይቶኦም -መቐለ (ኣብ ቤ/ጽ ፕረሲዳንት ሓላፊ ክፍሊ ምውህሃድ ተቓወምቲ ጉጅለታት ምብራቕ ኣፍሪቃ) \n 7. ኮ/ል ተስፋልደት ሃብተስላሰ (ወኪል ጸጥታ ቤ/ጽ ፕረሲዳንት)\n 8. ኮ/ል ጋይም ተስፋንኪኤል (ሓለፊ ወጻኢ ስለያ) \n 9. ኮ/ል ወልደዝጊ ባህታ (ሓላፊ ክፍሊ ውሽጣዊ ጸጥታ) \n 10. ኮ/ል የማነ ኣፍወርቂ (ሓላፊ ኣካል ግብረሽበራን ምክትታል ጉጅለ ዓፈናን ስጉምትን)\n 11. ኮ/ል ዮናስ ብጹእ ኣምላክ (ሓላፊ ክፍሊ ስለያ ምክትታል ዶባት) \n 12. ሜጀር ካሕሳይ በየነ (ሓላፊ ኣካል መርመራን ምጽራይ ሃ/ሓ/ፖ/ጸጥታን) …እዮም፡፡ \n ብተመሳሳሊ ናይዞም ላዕለዎት ሓለፍቲ ትእዛዛት ተቐቢሎም ኣብተን መሳፍሒ ኣልቦ ውሻጠታት ካርሸሊ ዜጋታት ዘሳቕዩን ዘሕቕቑን ማእከለዎት ሓለፍቲ ድማ" } ] }, { "id": "b-07a9486857f0aa276eb2ac26", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/35/0", "start": 7255, "end": 7428 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "• ሜጀር ኣቶብርሃን ገብረሃንስ፡- (ሳጓ፡ ሰካሕ ዓዲ፡- እምባደርሆ መንበሪ፡- ካምቦ ፖሊስ ማይተመናይ) ንዓመታት ሓላፊ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርሸሊ ብምኻን ዘገልገለን ኣብ ኩሎም ገበናት ኢድ ዘለዎ ዘይውግዓዊ እሙን ኣባል ፖሊስ፡ ሃገራዊ ድሕነትን ቤ/ጽ ፕረሲዳንትን ‘ዩ፡፡ \n • ሜጀር ጸጋይ ገብረሂወት (ዓዲ፡- ኮኾባይ መንበሪ፡- ሓዝሓዝ) ንዓመታት ከም ምኽትልን መርማሪ ኮይኑ ዘገልገለ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ’ዩ፡፡ \n ኣብ ትሕቲ ዞም ክልተ ሓለፍቲ ብግዴታ ይኹን ብወለንታ ዝዓዩ መርመርቲ ኣባላት ሃገራዊ ኣገልግሎት ድማ ዝስዕቡ ‘ዮም፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-fad890cdd7267336fb2adfba", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/37/0", "start": 7630, "end": 7649 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1. የማነ ተስፊት (ኣስመራ) \n 2. ገዛኢ ኤልያስ (ሕምብርቲ) \n 3. ተኽለ ባራኺ (ኣስመራ) \n 4. ብርጣንያ (ኣስመራ) ዝተብሃሉ እዮም፡፡ እዞም ኣባላት ዕለታዊ ምርግጋጽ ህላወ እሱራትን፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ ቀጽሪ ካርሸሊ ዝፍጸሙ ተርእዮታት ተኸታቲሎም ኣጻሪዮም ጸብጻብ ዘቕርቡ እዮም፡፡ ንሜጀር ኣቶብርሃን ሓዊሱ ምስዞም 6 ኣባላት ዝተሓጋገዙ ዳዊት በኹረጽዮንን ኢለንን ዝተብሃሉ ጸሓፍቲ ኣለው፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-6f61fc96b2f4ea2ec0891fd7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/39/0", "start": 7933, "end": 8217 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እታ ንብዙሕ ዓመታት ንጹሃት ኤርትራውያን ዝሓቐቑላ፡ መሬታዊ ሲኦል ካርሸሊ፡ ኣብዚ እዋን ብሰለስተ ሽፍቲ ዝተወዝዑ፡ ብ74 ኣባላት ዕለታዊ ዕቱብ ሓለዋ ይግበረላ’ሎ፡፡ ብፍላይ ኣብ ቀረባ እዋን ላሑኺ ተኣፈፍቲ ሚስጢራት ምስ ኣጋጠመ፡ እቶም ኣባላት ነንባዕሎም ከይተኣማመኑ ዝገብር ፍሉይ ገምጋማዊ ተኽሊጥ ብምክያድ ሓድሽ ዓይነት ሓለዋ ይካየድ ኣሎ፡ ብመሰረት ሓድሽ ተኽሊጥ እቶም እሙናት ተባሂሎም ዝተመመዩ መራሕቲ ሽፍቲ ሓለዋ ዝስዕቡ’ዮም፡-" } ] }, { "id": "b-0b87d9fd2cabd0a139133e5e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/41/0", "start": 8232, "end": 8272 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1. ሰርጌንቲ ግርማይ ኣርአያ (ነባሪ ሓዝሓዝ ኣዛዚ 1ይ ሽፍቲ)\n 2. ሃብተማርያም የውሃንስ (ነባሪ ካምቦ ፖሊስ ሰምበል ኣዛዚ 2ይ ሽፍቲ)\n 3. ሰርጌንቲ ዓምራ ኢብራሂም (ነባሪ ራዲዮመሪና ኣዛዚ 3ይ ሽፍቲ) እዮም፡፡ \n ድሕሪ ምህዳም ኣባል ሓ/ኣየር ነበር ካፒተን ዓንደሕሸል፡ ዳርጋ ንኹሎም ኣባላት ጽዑቕ መርመራን ምክትታል ዝተገብረሎም ኮይኑ ኣብ ምንቅስቓስ ሓለዋ፡ ኣብ ኣተኣላሊያ መካይን፡ ኣብ ምጽፋፍ ዕጥቂን ኣብ ስርዓተ ኣመጋግባ እሱራት ዝተፈላለዩ ለውጥታት ተገይሮም ኢዮም፡፡ ብፍላይ እቶም ኣውቲስቲ ብወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሕነት ብርቱዕ መርመራ ምስተገብረሎም ክልቲኦም ክቕጽሉ ተገይሮም፡፡ ኣብ ምምልላስ ቅዩዳት ዚያዳ ዝእመኑ መራሕቲ መካይን፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-dc49dba7e97f99dfda050c93", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/43/0", "start": 8699, "end": 8732 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1. ፍጹም ዓንደብርሃን (ዓዱ ሓጋዝ መንበሪኡ ከረን)\n 2. ሹም ባሕሪ ፍስሃየ ( ዓዱ ሰረጀቓ መንበሪኡ ኣስመራ) እዮም፡፡ (ዓንደሕሸል ካብ ካርሸሊ ክሃድም እንከሎ ናይዚ ሹም ባሕሪ ዝመርሓ መኪና ምጥቃሙ ይዝከር)\n ኣብ ቤት ማእስርቲ ካርሸሊ ዝፍጸሙ ኣሰቀቕቲ ግፍዒታት ንምኽዋል ኢሳይያስ ብፍላይ ካብ 2014 ንደሓር ገለ ኣባላት ፖሊስ ተኣፈፍቲ ኣብ ዘይኮኑ ውስናት ስርሓት ክሳተፉ ጌሩ ‘ዩ፡፡ እዚ መስርሕ፡ ኢሳይያስ ኣብ እዋን ሓለዋ ሰውራ እውን ዝጥቀመሉ ዝነበረ ክውል መናውራ ምኻኑ ይዝከር፡፡ ከም ሓድሽ መናውራ ድማ ንገለ እሱራት (ቅዩዳት) ድሕሪ መርመራ ምስ ኣባላት ፖሊስ ብምትእስሳር ናብ ጸጻራትን ካልኦት ቤት ማእሰርታትን ንክዛወሩ መምርሒታት ከውርድ ጸኒሑ እዩ፡፡ ብቤት ጽሕፈት ፕረሲዳንትን ሃገራዊ ድሕነትን ተመርሚሮም ካብ ካርሸሊ ናብ ማይሱርዋ፡ ጸጸራት፡ ዓዲኣቤቶን ካልኦት ቤትማእሰርታትን ንኽዛወሩ “ዕድል ዝገብሩ” እሱራት ኣብ ምቅይያር ክሳተፍ ዝተሓረየ ሓላፊ ድማ ኮ/ል ባሻይ ወልዳይ ዝተብሃለ ኣባል ኮሚሽን ፖሊስ’ዩ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-ac4a37faf2f7b63abe8512b5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/45/0", "start": 9342, "end": 9641 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብኣንጻሩ ብሓላፊ ኣካል መርመራን ምጽራይን ወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሕነት ሜጀር ካህሳይ በየነ (ወዲ በየነ) ዝካየድ መርመራን ቅዝፈትን ድማ ክከታልን ክኣልን ካብ ቤ/ጽ ፕረሲዳንት ዝተመዘ እሙን ኪኢላ መርመራ “ፍሉይ ገበናት” ራሻይዳ ዝተብሃለ ሰብ’ዩ፡፡ (ብዛዕባ ራሻይዳን ተግባራቱን ዝምልከት ዝርዝር ሓበሬታ ሓደ መዓልቲ ከቕርበልኩም ኢየ፡፡) ራሻይዳ፡ ወዲ በየነን ፍስሃጽዮንን ካብቶም ድሕሪ ናጽነት ንብዙሓት መሳኪን ዜጋታት ከሳቕዩ ዝተሓረዩ ሓድጊ ኢሳይያስ ‘ዮም፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-fecad96cace5e13c8ad9cc16", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/47/0", "start": 9656, "end": 10284 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ምድራዊት ሲኦል ካርሸሊ ኣብ ታሪኽ ኤርትራ ንወለዶታት መምሃሪ ዝኸውን ታሪኽ ክስነደላ ዝግባእ ቤት መቕዘፍቲ ‘ያ፡፡ ኣብዛ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣትዩ ብህይወት ዝወጽእ ዳርጋ የለን፡፡ እቶም “ተፈቲሖም” ተባሂሎም ናብ ስድርኦም ዝፋነዉ ገለ እሱራት’ውን ብዘይፍወስ ሕማም ምስተጠቕዑን ምሟቶም ከምዘይተርፍ ዝተረጋገጹ ጥራይ ‘ዮም፡፡ ገለ “ኢድን እግሪ ዘይብሎም ኣብ ኣፍ ሞት ዝርከከቡ” እሱራት ተባሂሎም በዓል ወዲ በየነ ምስ ወሰኑሎም፡ ዝኾነ ዓይነት ሓበሬታ ከየምልቑ ብምፍርራሕ፡ ወረቐት ዓዲሉ ዘፋኑዎም ኣባል ውሽጣዊ ጸጥታ ሜጀር ሚናሰ ስምረት (ወዲ ስምረት) ዝተብሃለ ተወላዲ ሕምብርቲ ዝኾነ ተጋዳላይ እዩ፡፡ ንኣብነት ብነሓሰ 18/2017 ዝተሰውአ ተጋደላይ ሰለሞን ሃብቶምን ካልኦትን ኣብ እዋን መስዋእቶም/ሞቶም ኣስከሬን ንስድራቤት ዝዕድል እዚ ውልቀ ሰብ እዩ፡፡ ብተወሳኺ ዕድል ጌሮም ምናልባሽ ዓይኖም ዓዊሮም ክፋነው ዝተወሰነሎም ከም በዓል ሓጂ መሓመድ ሑሴን ኣላህሙዲ ዓይነት እሱራት ወረቐት ዓዲሉ ዘፋኑን ዘፈራርሕን ኣባል ውሽጣዊ ጸጥታ ‘ውን ወዲ ስምረት ‘ዩ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-d3a824eed65705c75479b9c3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/49/0", "start": 10299, "end": 11022 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ ታሪኽ “ህግደፋዊት” ኤርትራ ‘ቶም ንውሻጠ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ንምግላጽ እንጥቀመሎም ልሙዳት ቃላት “ካሜራን ሸላን” ዝብሉ ኣስማት ‘ዮም፡፡ ብዓይኒ ሓቂ ግን እቲ ውሽጣዊ ትሕዝቶን ኣብዞም ጎዳጉዲ ብኽውል ዝፍጸም ግፍዕን፡ ገበናትን፡ ብዕምቆት ንዝተረድኦ ሰብ ብቓላት ተሓንጢጡ ዘይውዳእ ኣዚዩ ሕሱም ክውንነት እዩ ዝረአ፡፡ ብሓፈሻ ኣብ ጎዳጉዲ ካርሸሊ ተሰኪዖም በቢዕለቱ ዘስካሕክሕ ፍጻመታት እንዳሕለፉ ንሞቶም ዝጽበዩ ዘለው ዜጋታት መብዛሕትኦም እቶም ህጉም ጥሒሶም መሬታዊ ናጽነት ዘረከቡ ተጋደልቲ እዮም፡፡ ብምስምስ “ትሕቲ ሃገራዊነትን ፖለቲካዊ ገበናትን” ተቐይዶም ኣብ ሸላታት ካርሸሊ ዝሓቀቑ ብዙሓት ደቂ ሃገር፡ ንታሪኽ ሓዲግና ሕጂ ‘ውን ምእንተ ሓቅን ርትዕን ፍትሕን ራህዋን ኢሎም ኣብ ኢድ ኣባጓይላ ዝሓቁ ዘለው ቅኑዓት ሰብ መትከል ዜጋታት ኣለው፡፡ እቶም ንዓመታት ንሃልኪ ኣደንቋሪ ፖለቲካዊ ፕሮፖጋንዳ ጥራይ፡ ኣስማቶም እንረቑሖም ሕጂ ‘ውን ኣብ ኣፍ ሞት ኮይኖም “ተኣምራታዊ ፍታሕ” ይጽበዩ ኣለው፡፡ እስከ ሎሚ ካብ ምኒን ዝብል ፕሮጋንዳዊ ኣተሓሳስባ ወጺእና፡ ንካልኢት እኳ ህይወት ናይ’ዞም ካብ መትከሎም ነቕ ከይበሉ ኣብ ድቕድቕ ጸልማት 29 ካሜራታት ካርሸሊ ተጓሒፎም ዘለው ግሩሃት ዜጋታት ንሕሰብ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-142bf479d070920f609c9e08", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/51/0", "start": 11037, "end": 11071 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሀ) ብምስምስ “ትሕቲ ሃገራዊነትን ፖለቲካን” ዝተኣሰሩ" } ] }, { "id": "b-ef78b1ad0131e3411c79faac", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/53/0", "start": 11086, "end": 11117 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1. ብር/ጀነራል ቢትወደድ ኣብርሃ (ካሜራ 02) \n 2. ብር/ጀነራል ሃብተጽዮን ሓድጉ (ካሜራ 25) \n 3. ኮ/ል ተስፋልደት ስዩም ( ካሜራ 17)\n 4. ተጋዳሊት ኣስቴር ዮውሃንስ (ካሜራ 06 ሸላ ቁጽሪ 31) \n 5. ተጋዳሊት ሰናይት ደበሳይ (ካሜራ 06 ሸላ ቁጽሪ 06) \n 6. ተጋዳላይ እርምያስ ደበሳይ -ፓፓዮ (ካሜራ 03) ይርከብዎም፡፡ እዞም ትማል ምእንቲ ናጽነት ብዙሕ ዝኸርተቱ ምዑታት ዜጋታት ሓዊሱ ካልኦት ብዙሓት ቅዩዳት ሕጂ ‘ውን ሰማዒ ዝሰኣነ ኣውያት እንዳእወዩ ናብ መቓብር የምርሑ ኣለው፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-ba2bc1cc25e4ceaf7e164b78", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/55/0", "start": 11488, "end": 11500 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ክቡራት ኣንበብቲ!" } ] }, { "id": "b-6c992cf64e2f589241082614", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/57/0", "start": 11515, "end": 11620 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ናይዚ ጽሑፍ ቀንዲ ዕላማ ንኹሎም ቅዩዳት ምርቋሕ ስለ ዘይኮነ ካብ”ቶም ክብ ኢሎም ዝተገልጹ ብተወሳኺ ንመወከሲ ክኾነኩም ንገለ ብህይወት ዘለው ቅዩዳት ጥራይ ክውስኽ፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-7f25e81df87405c45a884bca", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/59/0", "start": 11635, "end": 11726 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "• ኣምባሳደር ተወልደብርሃን፡ ኣብታ ደጀን ዓንደሕሸል ተኣሲሩላ ዝነበረ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 03 ምስ ሱዳናዊ ነስረዲንን እርሚያስ ፓፓዮን ብሓባር ኣሎ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-7e1e22ab07cd1e56aeb56ce6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/61/0", "start": 11741, "end": 11804 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "• ዮውሃንስ ገብረመስቀል (ወዲጓላ) መርማሪ ዓዲኣቤቶን ማይሱርዋን ዝነበረ (ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 11)" } ] }, { "id": "b-9720bd13779424667c7afb1e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/63/0", "start": 11819, "end": 11989 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "• ኣቦ “ሚኒስተር” ዓሊ ዓብዱ ኣቦይ ዓብዱ ኣሕመድ የኑስ ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 04 ምስ ካልኦት 11 ቅዩዳት ኣብ ሕማቕ ጥዕናዊን ኣካላዊን ኩነታት ይርከቡ፡፡ ኣብዛ ካሜራ ዝነበረ ሜጀር እዮብ ዝተብሃለ ብሳጉኡ ጸጸራት ተባሂሉ ዝጽዋዕ ኣባል ኢሜግረሽን ተኣሊዩ ኣሎ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-1c1d4b76fd21030dbfa3da4b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/65/0", "start": 12004, "end": 12034 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ለ) ብምስምስ “መንፈስን ጥሩፍነትን” ዝተቐየዱ" } ] }, { "id": "b-c11c8e33fb32665853c06542", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/67/0", "start": 12049, "end": 12255 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብምስምስ ጀሃድ፡ እስላማዊ ጥሩፍነት፡ መንፈሳውያንን ምልዓል ሃይማታዊ ናዕቢን፡ ካብ ኩሎም ሃይማኖታዊ ትካላት ዝተቐየዱ ብሓፈሻ ልዕሊ 40 ኣመንቲ ዝነበሩ ኮይኖም ብሕማምን ብመርሸንትን በቢሓደ እንዳጸነቱ ኣብዚ እዋን ኣስታት 17 ጥራይ ብህይወት ተሪፎም ኣለው፡፡ ካብዚኣቶም እቶም ብህዝቢ ዝፍለጡ ህልዋት ዝስዕቡ እዮም፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-dbc0e46c928965af4f8172e6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/69/0", "start": 12270, "end": 12479 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1. ዶ/ር ፍጹም ገብረንጉስ ካብ ፕሮቲስታንት ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 23 ምስ 8 ካልኦት ዜጋታት ኣሎ፡፡ ምስ ዶ/ር ፍጹም ገብረንጉስ ብሓባር ተኣሲሮም ዝርከቡ ኣመንቲ ፕሮቲስታንት ዶ/ር ክፍሉ ገብረመስቀል፡ ሃይለ ናይዝጊ፡ ፓስተር ኪዳነ ወልዱ ኮይኖም ብሰንኪ ሕማቕ ኣተሓሕዛን ስእነት ሕክምናን ግዳይ ዝተፈላለዩ ሕማማት’ዮም፡፡ \n 2. ቀሺ ገብረመድህን ገብረገርግስ፡ ዶ/ር ተኽለኣብ መንግስትኣብ፡ ካብ ኣመንቲ ኦርቶደክስ (ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 23) ሙሴ እዛዝ፡ ሙሴ ገብረስላሰ ዝበሃሉ እሱራት ብሓባር ኣለው፡፡ ከምኡ’ውን ብጉዳይ ኣቡነ ኣንጠንዮስ ዝተቐየዱ ቀሺ ይትባረኽ በርሀ ድማ ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 05 ምስ ካልኦት 03 እሱራት ተቐይዶም ይርከቡ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-efd7d6e80b0aa24b8eeb6de9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/71/0", "start": 12715, "end": 12756 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሐ) ብምስምስ “ብልሽውናን ዝተፋለለዩ ስኑዕ ምኽንያታት” ዝተቐየዱ" } ] }, { "id": "b-c07ee5ce7b08f149613d15d7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/73/0", "start": 12771, "end": 13128 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እዞም እሱራት ብትእዛዝ ሓለፍቲ ወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሕነትን ቤ/ጽ ፕረሲዳትን ዝተቐየዱ ኮይኖም፡ ቀንዲ መእሰሪ ምኽንያቶም ኣይፍለጥን፡፡ እንተኾነ ናብ ቤ/ጽ ፕረሲዳንት ካብ ዝለኣኹ ገለ ጸብጻባት ግን እቶም እሱራት “ንፕረሲዳንት ሓሚዮም፡ ስሙ ኣጸሊሞም፡ ምንጩ ዘይተፈልጠ ዘይተኣደነ ማል ኣጥሪዮም፡ ተደናገጽቲ ጉጅለ 15 እዮም፡ ኣብ ልዕሊ ፕረሲዳንት ፈተነ ቅትለት ሓሲቦም፡ ኣባላት ጅብሃ ነይሮም” ወዘተ ብዝብሉ ክሲታት ዝተቐየዱ ምኻኖም ይገልጽ፡፡ ክሳብ ዕለት 15/08/2017 በዞም ዝተሰንዑ መበገሲታት ኣብ ካርሸሊ ዝርከቡ ብዝሒ እሱራት ዝስዕቡ ‘ዮም፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-9a6df55db8936b9c20f0d7da", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/75/0", "start": 13143, "end": 13188 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "• ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 01 ሰለስተ እሱራት (ምስ ብር/ጀነራል ቢትወደድ) \n • ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 03 ሸሞንተ እሱራት (ምስ እርሚያስ ፓፓዮ)\n • ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 04 ዓሰርተው ክልተ እሱራት (ምስ ኣቦ ዓሊ ዓብዱ) \n • ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 05 ኣርባዕተ እሱራት (ምስ ቀሺ ይትባረኽን ባኒ ኣንቶኒዮ ሉሉ ዝተብሃለ ኣባል ብሄር ኩናማን)\n • ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 07 ሽዱሽተ እሱራት ( ምስ ካብ ከሰላ ዝተጨውየ ዑሞር ዝተብሃለ ሱዳናዊ)\n • ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 08 ብጀነራል ፍሊጶስ “ብሓደራ” ዝተቐዱ 3 እሱራት \n • ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 09 ትሽዓተ እሱራት \n • ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 10 ኣሰጋገርቲ ተባሂሎም ዝተቐየዱ 12 እሱራት ኣለው፡፡ ኣብዛ ካሜራ ሃይለስላሰ ዝተብሃለ ኣብ ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ክፍሊ ዕድጊ ዝሰርሕ ዝነበረ ንዓመታት ተኣሲሩ ነይሩ፡፡ ብተወሳኺ ኣብ 2006/07 ምስ በዓል ባህር ስነ-ጥበባዊ እድሪስ መሓመድ ዓሊ ብወዲ በየነ መርመራ ካብ ዝተገብረሎም ሓደ ብሕሱም ማህረምቲ ኣብ ዝነበረላ ሸላ ዝተቐዝፈ ሮባት ኣልሓሰን ዝተብሃለ ስፖርታዊ (ወዲ ከረን) ቅድሚ ናብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 19 ምቕያሩ ዝጸንሓላ ካሜራ እያ፡፡ መንእሰይ ሮባት ኣልሓሰን ምስ ሳልሕ ሑሴኖ ዝተብሃለ ብ”ጀሃድ” ተጠርጢሩ ካብ ከባቢ ጾሮና ተዓፊኑ ዝመጸ ዜጋ ኣብ መርመራ ብዝወረዶም ሕሱም ማህረምቲ ኣብ መወዳእታ ወርሒ 6/2007 ኣብ ጉዋ መገዲ ደቂምሓረ (ጥቓ ዓዲርዓዳ) ብኣባለት ጉጅለ ዓፈናን ስጉምት ብለይቲ ዝተቐብሩ’ዮም፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-746e3d9629c0c57d88862a92", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/77/0", "start": 14070, "end": 14161 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "• ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 12 ብሓላፊ ምክትታል ዶባት ኮ/ል ዮናስ ብጹእ ኣምላክ ካብ ዶባት ኤርትራን ሱዳንን ተዓፊኖም ዝኣተው 11 እሱራት ኣለው፡፡ \n • ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 23 ሸሞንተ ኣባላት ጉጅለ ተቓውምቲ ኢትዮጵያ ብትእዛዝ ብ/ጀነራል ጠዓመ ጎይቶኦም (መቐለ) ዝተቐየዱ ኣለው፡፡ ከምኡ ‘ውን \n • ኣብ ካሜራታት ቁጽሪ 25፡ 26፡ 27፡ 28ን 30ን ነብሰወከፈን ሐሓደ እሱር ተዳጊኖምለን ኣለዋ፡፡\n • ኣብ ውሽጢ ካርሸሊ እተን ብኣዚዩ ልዑል ጥንቃቐ ዝተሓዛን ብፍሉያት ኣባላት ጉጅለ ዓፈናን ስጉምትን ዝሕለዋ ካሜራታት ቁጽሪ 17ን 19ን እየን፡፡ እዘን ካሜራታት ነጋዳይ ፍቕረ ዝተቐዘፈላ ሸላን ከምኡ’ውን በዓል ስነ-ጥበባዊ እድሪስ መሓመድ ዓሊን ብጾቱን ቅድሚ ምርሻኖም ዝጸንሑለን ሸላታት ዝሓዛ እየን፡፡ ኣብ ካሜራ 17 ጥቓ ኮ/ል ተስፋልደት ስዩም ሳልሕን ኣቦቡክርን ዝተብሃሉ ክልተ ቅዩዳት ኣለው፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-184f47d5f01068e081320440", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/79/0", "start": 14633, "end": 14645 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ክቡራት ኣንበብቲ!!" } ] }, { "id": "b-1bba5cf57939d624a398bee1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/81/0", "start": 14660, "end": 15208 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ንቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርሸሊ ኣመልኪተ ነዚ ጽሑፍ ኣብ ምድላው ኣብ ዝነበርኩሉ ኣብዚ እዋን ከምቲ ልሙድ ሓደ ካብቶም ምቹእ ናብራ ግዳም ጠንጢኖም ስለ ናጽነት ኤርትራ ንሙሉእ ዕድሚኦም ተቓሊሶም፡ ኢድ ጠላም ኢሳይያስ ኣርኪብዎም ኣብ ጎድጊዲ ካርሸሊ ን14 ዓመታት ዝተሳቔዩ እሱራት ዝነበረ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ሰለሞን ሃብቶም ብነሓሰ 18/2017 ተሰዊኡ ኣሎ፡፡ ተጋዳላይ ሰለሞን ምስ ሓርበኛ ተጋዳላይ ዕቑበ ኣብርሃ ብዘለዎ ዝምድና “ተደናጋጺ ጉጅለ 15” ተሰሚዩ ንኣስታት 14 ዓመታት ኣብ ካርሸሊ ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 15 ዋላ ሓንቲ ጥዕናዊ ሓገዝ ከይተገብረሉ ብዝተፈላለዩ ሕማማት ተጠቒዑ ዝተሰውአ ዜጋ እዩ፡፡ ስውእ ሰለሞን ምስ 3 ኣሕዋቱ ንሜዳ ወጺኡ ክልተ ኣሕዋቱ ንናጽነት ዘወፈየ ተባዕ ተቓላሳይ ነይሩ፡፡ ንምግላጹ ብዘጸግም ኩነታት ከየዕረፈ ናብ መቓብር ብዘምረሐ ተጋ/ ሰለሞን ኣሰቃቒ ሓዘን ዝወረደኩም ስድራቤቱን መላእ ፈተውቱን ጽንዓት ይሃብኩም እብል፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-a74f706830e663d754680665", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/83/0", "start": 15223, "end": 15743 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ከምትፈልጥዎ ኣብ ብዙሓት ጽሑፋተይ ንኢሳይያስ ክገልጾ እንከለኹ ምስ “ጸሓይ ዝዓረበቶ ዝኣረገ ዝብኢ” ከመሳስሎ እመርጽ፡፡ እወ! ሕጂ’ውን ከምቲ ዝኣረገ ዝብኢ ንገዛእ ዝቖሰለ ስግኡ ዝምንጭት ጠላም ኣባጓይላ ኢሳይያስ ከኣ ኣብ ኣጋ ዕርበቱ ትማል መሳርሕቱ ዝነበሩ ሓለፍቲ በቢሓደ ይምንጭቶም ኣሎ፡፡ ኣሰቃቒት ቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርሸሊ ድማ ከምታ “ደርጋዊት ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማርያም ግምቢ” ኣብ ኣጋ ዕርበቱ መቕዘፊት ላዕለዎት ሓለፍቲ ኮይና ኣላ፡፡ ኣብታ ኣዚዩ ዝተሰናበደላ “ስርሒት ፈርቶ” ዝተሳተፉ ገለ ግሩሃት ‘ውን ብኸውሊ ኣብ ካርሸሊ ካብ ዝሰፍሩ ዛጊት ዓመታት ኣቑጺሮም ኣለው፡፡ እምበኣር ብርዱእ ምኽንያታት ብዝርዝር ንምጽሓፍ ካብ ዘይመረጽኩዎ ፍጻመታት “ዛንታ ስርሒት ፎርቶ”፡ ኣብ ካርሸሊ ተጓሒፎም ዝርከቡ ተሳተፍቲ እቲ “ስርሒት” ዝምልከት ሓበሬታ ናይ ገሊኦም ቆንጭለ ብሃሳሰለባም ገለ ክብለኩም፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-9c568fe25b15e8c42d86cb6c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/85/0", "start": 15758, "end": 16147 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብሓፈሻ ብምኽንያት “ስርሒት ፎርቶ” ኣብ ቀይዲ ዝኣተው ብኣማኢት ዝቑጸሩ ዜጋታት ነይሮም፡፡ ካብ መወዳእታ ወርሒ 01/2013 ጀሚሩ ኣብ ላዕላይ ደንጎሎ መርመራ ክካየደሎም ጸኒሑ፡፡ ድሕሪ ደቂቕ መርመራን መግረፍትን እቶም ኣባላት “ወጠንቲ” “ወደብቲ”፡ “ተሳተፍቲ”ን “ተደናገጽት”ን ተባሂሎም ናብ 4 ጉጅለታት ተፈሊዮም፡፡ ብመሰረት መጽናዕታት ወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሕነት፡ ጨንፈር ወትሃደራዊ ጠለፋን ቤ/ጽ ፕረሲዳንት ድማ ኣብ 3 ዝተፈላለዩ ቤት ማእሰርታት ክቕየዱ ተገይሮም፡፡ ሎሚ ንካልእ ዝርዝራት ሓዲገ እቶም ኣብ ካርሸሊ ዝተዳጎኑ “ቀንዲ ወጠንቲ” ስርሒት ፎርቶ ተባሂሎም ዝተፈልዩ ሓለፍቲ ክገልጸልኩም፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-312abacbd8e98843c960901d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/87/0", "start": 16162, "end": 16406 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1. ሜጀር ጀነራል ዑመር ሓሰን ሑሞድ ጠዊል (ኣዛዚ ማእከላይ እዚ ነበር) ድሕሪ ፍጻመ ፎርቶ ኣብ መንበሪ ገዝኡ ንክልተ ወርሑ ብሓለዋ ተሓይሩ ጸኒሑ እዩ፡፡ ንነዊሕ ዓመታት ብጀሃድ ተጠርጢሩ ኣብ 2015 ዝሞተ ተወላዲ ብሄር ዓፋር ዝነበረላ ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 01 ንበይኑ ኣብ ጸልማት ተኣሲሩ ኣሎ፡፡ ካብ ወርሒ ሕዳር 2016 ጀሚሩ ኣዒንቱ ዓዊሩ ብዝተፋለዩ ብሕማማት ይሳቐ ኣሎ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-85b7d16f8dd1ec84fc79a2fb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/89/0", "start": 16421, "end": 16672 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "2. ዓብዳላ መሓመድ ማሕሙድ ጃብር (ሓላፊ ውድባዊ ጉዳያት ህግደፍ ነበር) ኣብ ከባቢ ጸጸራት ካብ ዝርከብ መንበሪኡ ብኣባላት ስጉምትን ዓፈናን ወኪል ሃ/ድሕነት ብዕለት 21 ጥሪ 2013 ተታሒዙ ኣብ ላዕላይ ደንጎሎ መርመራ ተገይርሉ፡፡ ድሕሪ ኣዋርሕ ናብ ካርሸሊ ግዒዙ ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 02 ኣብ ጥቓ ጀነራል ቢትወደድ ኣብርሃ ካብ ዘለዋ ሸላታት ኣብ ሓንቲ ጸልማት ሸላ ተኣሲሩ ኣሎ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-7e23a373f0a6a7029896e8df", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/91/0", "start": 16687, "end": 16901 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "3. ኣሕመድ ሓጂ ዓሊ (ሚኒስተር ጸዓትን ማዕድንን ነበር) ኣብ ማእከላይ ቤ/ጽ ሚኒስትሪ ጸዓትን መዓድንን ኣብ ውሽጢ ቤ/ጽሕፈቱ ብኣባላት ስጉምትን ዓፈናን ኣብ ትሕቲ ቀይዲ ውዒሉ ድሕሪ መርመራ ኣብታ ኣዚዩ ጽኑዕ ሓለዋ ዝግበረላ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 19 ተዳጊኑ፡፡ ልዕሊ ዝኾነ ተሳታፊ ስርሒት ፎርቶ ኣብ ኣዚዩ ጥንኩር ሓለዋ ይርከብ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-410e1c4e794d0b0aeb76502b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/93/0", "start": 16916, "end": 17313 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "4. ኮ/ል ሳልሕ ዑስማን በኺት (ኣዛዚ ክ/ሰ 17 ነበር) ድሕሪ ፍጻመ ፎርቶ ካብ ዓዲንኣምን ንሸነኽ ምብራቕ (ከባቢ ዓዲብዴንን ሕረኳዜንን) ካልኣይ ርእሱ ምስተተሓዘ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሓደ ሰሙን ብብ/ጀነራል ኣብርሃ ካሳ፡ ብ/ጀነራል ስምኦን ገብረድንግል፡ ብ/ጀ ስምኦን ዕቕቡ (ርእሲ ምራኽ) ን ብ/ጀ ተኽለ ክፍላይ (ተኽለ ማንጁስ)ን ተዓጂቡ ኣብ ን/ዞባ ማይ ዓይኒ ከባቢ ሰርዐ ንዝእዝዞም ኣባላት ክ/ሰ 17 ብዛዕባ እቲ ስርሒት ክናዘዝ ኣገዲዶምዎ፡፡ ድሕሪ መርመራ ድማ ናብ ካርሸሊ ኣብ ካሜራ 27 ኣብ ትርከብ ሓንቲ ፊኒስትራ ዘይብላ ሸላ ተዳጊኑ፡፡ ኣብዚ እዋን ብሕማም ሳምቡእ (Phenumonia) ይሳቐ ኣሎ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-d9323ad5d7364fa583b91def", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/95/0", "start": 17328, "end": 17515 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "5. ሌ/ኮ ኣለም መንግስትኣብ - ግዝዋ (ኣዛዚሜካናይዝድ ክ/ሰ 42 2ይ ብርጌድ ነበር) ምስ ኮ/ል ሳልሕ ዑስማን ኣብ ከባቢ ዓዲንኣምን ምስተተሓዘ ድሕሪ ከቢድ መርመራ ኣብ መወዳእታ ናብ ካርሸሊ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 19 ንሸነኽ ደቡባዊ ምብራቕ ኣብ ዘላ ጸላም መሳፍሒ ኣልቦ ሸላ ተኣሲሩ ይርከብ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-3fbc7e89e7eb682822b003fe", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/97/0", "start": 17530, "end": 17647 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "6. ሌ/ኮ ኣብርሃም ገብረሚካኤል - ግላዋ (ኣዘዚ ሜካናይዝድ ክ/ሰ 49 2ይ ብርጌድ ነበር) ኣብ ጥቓ ኣለም ግዝዋ ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 19 ኣብ ሓንቲ ጸላምን ጸባብን ሸላ ተቐይዱ ኣሎ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-c0091fe81413037e3b6fdd22", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/99/0", "start": 17662, "end": 17748 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "7. ዓብዱ መሓመድ ዓብዱ በክሪ ሄጂ (ጋዜጠኛን ኣምባሳደር ኤርትራ ኣብ ፓኪስታ ነበር ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 07 ተቐይዱ ብሕማማት ይሳቐ ኣሎ)" } ] }, { "id": "b-98dca579e43a51ebb15c635f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/101/0", "start": 17763, "end": 17776 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ክቡራት ኣንበብቲ!!" } ] }, { "id": "b-fa80f00ca69f2ecab2b46856", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/103/0", "start": 17791, "end": 18460 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብምኽንያት ስርሒት ፎርቶ ካብ መላእ ሃገር ተኣርዮም ዝተኣሰሩ ዜጋታት ኣስታት 110 ኔሮም፡፡ እዞም ክብ ኢሎም ዝተገለጹ ቀንዲ “ወጠንትን ሃንደስትን” ተባሂሎም ዝተፈለዩ እዮም፡፡ ካብ ላሕኺ ተኣፈፍቲ ሓበሬታት፡ “ዒራዒሮ” ተሞኩሮ ብምውሳድ፡ ኣብ ቀረባ ርሕቐት ዝምለከቶም ኣባላት ጸጥታ ብኣዚዩ ጥንኩር ኣገባብ ኣብ ካርሸሊ ክተሓዙ ቤ/ጽ ፕረሲዳንት ዝወሰነሎም እዮም፡፡ ብፍላይ ሚኒስተር ጸዓትን ማዕድንን ነበር ኣሕመድ ሓጂ ዓሊን እቶም ነተን ድሩዓት ታንክታት ዘበገሱን ዝኣለዩን ኣለም ግዝዋን ኣብርሃም ግላዋን ኣብታ ብወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሕነት/ውሽጣዊ ጸጥታ ፍሉይ ጠመተ ዝግበረላ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 19 ተፈሊዮም ን24 ሰዓታት ኣብ ጸልማት ሸላታት ክእሰሩ ተገይሮም ኣለው፡፡ እዞም ቅዩዳት ብፍሉይ ክተሓዙ ዝተደለየሉ ምኽንያት ደረጃ ዕድሜኦምን ምስ ስውእ ኮ/ል ስዒድ ዓሊ ሕጃይ (ወዲ ዓሊ) ዝነበሮም ጥቡቕ ቅርበት ኣብ ግምት ብምእታው ‘ዩ፡፡ ብመንጽር ወትሃደራዊ ኣሃዱታት ክረአ እንከሎ ኣብ ታሪኽ ቅድመን ድሕረን ናጽነት ንህዝባዊ ግንባር ዝፍታተኑ፡ ብዘይዝኾነ ስክፍታ ብድፍረት በዳህቲ ሕቶታት ዘንቅዱ ኣባላት ሜካናይዝድ ምንባሮም ይዝከር፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-b446dd9e64931a968136c16f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/105/0", "start": 18475, "end": 18830 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብ1993 ኣብ ዝነበረ “ኣድማ ተጋደልቲ” እውን ኣባላት ከቢድ ብረት ዝለዓለ እጃም ከምዝነበሮም ዝርሳዕ ኣይኮነን፡፡ ብተመሳሳሊ ኣብ ታሪኽ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ኣብ ዓውደ ውግእ ኣዚዩ ኣድማዒን ቀላስን ኣበርክቶ ዝነበሮ ኣሃዱ ሜካናይዝድ ብምንባሩ ኢሳይያስ ኣድማዕነት ኣሃዱታት ሜካ ኣጸቢቑ ስለዝፈልጦ ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ እዋናት ብተኽሊጥን ካልኦት መናውራታትን ከገለባብጦ ጸኒሑ እዩ፡፡ ኣብ ስርሒት ፎርቶ ውን ነቲ ስጉምቲ ክወስዱ ዝተሓረዩ ኣባላት ሜካ ብምንባሮም ኣብ ልዕሊ ሜካ ዝነበሮ ሕዱር ስግኣት በሪኹ ከይወዓለ ከይሓደረ መደባት ተኽሊጥ ኣካይዱ እዩ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-597aee3b443665493fc27bce", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/107/0", "start": 18845, "end": 19150 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "በዚ ምኽንያት ምስ ወዲ ዓሊ ዚያዳ ምቅርራብ ዝነበሮም መራሕቲ ሜካ ኣብ ካርሸሊ እውን ብሕሱም ኣገባብ ክተሓዙ ኣዚዙ፡፡ ንሳቶም ዝተቐየዱለን ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 19 ኣብ ዝርከባ ሸላታት ተሓይሩ ብህይወት ዝጸንሐ ወይ ዝወጸ እሱር የልቦን፡፡ ብሞትን ብመርሸንትን ዝተኣለዩ በዓል ባህር ስነ-ጥበባዊ እድሪስ መሓመድ ዓሊ፡ ኣደም ሽልሸል፡ ኣልኣሚን ጀላኒ፡ ካፒተን ኣሕመድ መሓመድ (ጅኑብ)፡ ሮባት ኣልሓሰን ተኣሲሮምለን ዝነበራ ሸላታት ውን ኣብ ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 19 ዝርከባ እየን፡፡ \n ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 19 ብቐጥታ ንቤ/ጽ ፕረሲዳንትን ሃገራዊ ድሕነትን ዝተፈለየት ኮይና ኣብዚ እዋን ብደቂቕ መጽናዕቲ ዝተፈለዩ ኣዚዮም “እሙናት” መጋቦን ኣበጻጻሕትን ተመዲቦምላ ኣለው፡፡ እዞም ሰባት ካሜራ ቁጽሪ 19 ዝጸረቶ ጉድን ኣበርጉድን ዝፈልጡ፡ ጽባሕ ምስ ወግሐልና ህልዋት መሰኻኽር “ጸሊም ዘመን” ስለዝኾኑ ኩሉ ግዱስ ኤርትራዊ ብኣግኡ ንከለልዮም ብዝርዝር ክጠቕሶም መሪጸ ኣለኹ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-4fde49be50fd5c4d1b2d96e9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/109/0", "start": 19429, "end": 19600 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1. ሽፋ ዓብደላ፡- (ተወላዲ ብሄር ሳሆ ት/ዓዱ፡- ደምሒና መንበሪኡ፡- ኣስመራ) ከም ሓላፊ እቶም መጋቦ ኮይኑ ብቀትርን ለይትን ብበዓል ወዲ በየንን ራሻይዳን ዝምርመሩን ዝቕጥቀጡን እሱራት ካብ ሸለኦም ጸሊም ማስኬራ ሸፊኑ ዘመላልስ ኣባል ሃገራዊ ኣገልግሎት እዩ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-4973017639ab384f3da1df20", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/111/0", "start": 19615, "end": 19681 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "2. መድሃንየ ግርማይ፡- (ት/ዓዲ፡ ሰንዓፈ መንበሪ ኣስመራ ኣባል ሃ/ኣገልግሎት) መጋብን ተለኣኣኺን፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-642704c8fce492080c731a6d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/113/0", "start": 19696, "end": 19775 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "3. ዓንዳይ ተኽላይ ፡- (ትውልዱ ዓዲ ከባቢ ጋሽባርካ ኣባል 9ይ ዙርያ ሃ/ኣገልግሎት መንበሪ ኣስመራ) መጋብን ተለኣኣኺን፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-64a33071f08a3b2b52ba569e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/115/0", "start": 19790, "end": 19851 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "4. ተስፎም ተኽለ -ኣምቸ (መንበሪ ኣስመራ ኣባል 10ይ ዙርያ ሃ/ኣገልግሎት) መጋቢን ተለኣኣኺን" } ] }, { "id": "b-9c3b43f5e95163ecd5e674ae", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/117/0", "start": 19866, "end": 19930 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "5. ተስፋይ ሃብተኣብ ፡ (ት/ዓዱ ማይድማ መንበሪ ኣስመራ ኣባል 9ይ ዙርያ ሃ/ኣገልግሎት) እዮም፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-40bb9b1f40c794d8a751bed4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/5/119/0", "start": 19945, "end": 20324 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ቅዋም ኣብ ዘይብሉ ሃገር፡ ፍትሕን ርትዒን ኣብ ዘይሕሰበሉ ህሞት፡ ወዲ ሰብን ሰብኣዊነትን ብናይ ጫካ ሕጊ ኣብ ዝምርሑላ ሃገርና፡ ሕጂ ውን ኢሳይያሳውያን ከም ካርሸሊ ዓይነት ምድራውያን ሲኦላት ልዕሊን ትሕትን ምድሪ እንዳሃነጹ ዜጋታትና የህልቑ ኣለው፡፡ “ዘዝጸንሐ ናብ ሞት፡ ዘዝተወልደ ናብ ስደት”፡ ኣብ ዘምርሓላ ሃገር ኮይና ሚዲያታት ክነማሙቕ ነንባዕልና ክንናቖት ነሕልፎ ግዜ ደጊም ክህልዎ ኣይግባእን፡፡ ልዕሊ ዝኾነ እዋን ተግባራዊ ስጉምታት ምውሳድ እዋናዊን ሕቶ ኤርትራዊ ህላውነትን እዩ፡፡ ደጊመ ንስድራ ግዳይ ካርሸሊ ስውእ ተጋዳላይ ሰለሞን ሃብቶም ጽንዓት ይሃብኩም እብል፡፡" } ] }, { "id": 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It is no exaggeration to state that Eritrea is hell-on-earth to its citizens. That Eritrea?s development is limited to proliferation of prisons is a fact known not just by Eritreans but the international community as a whole. It is not possible to count the detention centres that have sprung up all over Eritrea?those of the Front, those of divisions, brigades, national salvation, police. They exceed the number of schools. And so, the prison which is located in Gel?alo is one of the many prisons. This prison, where many youth are languishing in agony, is found in the eastern lowlands, near the shores of the Red Sea, between Massawa and Aseb. Because the area is an inhabitable desert, it is practically deserted, with virtually nobody living in the environs. One can conclude that to build a prison in this environment is to bury people alive. I am one of the Eritreans who was deported from Malta in September 2002. After I, and those who were deported with me, endured unbearable pain and agony in the prisons of Adi Abeito and Dahlak, we were transferred to Gelalo in April 14, 2004. We numbered 75; our transfer was escorted by heavy guard. It was raining and, since the transport vehicle was a flat bed truck, the downpour fell on our backs. There was no one to take pity on us. When we neared Foro, someone by the name of ?Wedi Lemlem? escaped. They fired many shots; and we don?t know whether he lived or died. I hope he is with the living. In this prison [Gelalo], the number of prisoners was around 450, composed of those who were deported from Libya, those [in the military] who were absent without leave, those who were caught while attempting to cross the border and others. Some were in prison for four years. The oldest was a 70-year old [man] named ?Am [Uncle] Abdu? and the youngest, 15, Mohammed from Keren. As for those who had been there for more than one year, [they include] Dawit Berhane, Wikianos, Petros Kahsai, Fitsum Haile, Kahsai Negusse, Mussie Abeselom, Gebre Teklom, Walta Haile, Girmai Gebrezgabheir, Mehari Gile, Michael, Merhawi Hadish, Mohammed wedi Keren, etc. Gelalo doesn?t have adequate shaded area, and the prisoners are exposed to the elements-- the sun, the wind and Kamsien [a local tornado.] It is surrounded by dense thorny trees and it is impossible to see what is behind them. Escape is unthinkable. As for the treatment of the prisoners, let alone in your own country and by your own government, even if you were told that there is such a practice in another country, you would be hard pressed to believe it. When you witness that people are capable of enduring such pain and suffering, you become a believer in the resilience of man. The life of the prisoners of Gelalo is sad?they have no rights and they quietly endure like slaves. They have no rights to demand; dusk to dawn, they are beaten to their workplace, like donkeys. Even basic things like bread and water are not available. For example, the modern hotel that is in Gelalo was built by the labor of the prisoners. There was not a single machinery?it was built by the sweat, blood and tears of the prisoners. Although there were cars, people were forced to walk for two hours a day, in the sweltering heat, commuting [to and from their workplace.] Beginning at 5:00 AM, without a taste of food, we laboured until noon. After lunch, we resumed work at 2:00 PM and concluded at 6:00. Then we return, escorted by people with rifles. And, after all that hard work, your noon meal is two breads, and at night, two breads with lentil. Alternative food is unthinkable. The combination of hunger, thirst and hard labour has wasted the bodies of the prisoners. Consequently, many get sick. But sickness does not excuse you from work. It is possible to state that there is no prisoner who hasn?t succumbed to illness caused by the combination of hard labour, hunger and thirst. You can pray all you want, but you will have no medicine, nor doctors. For example, everybody knows that Alazar Gebrenegus, a brother who was deported from Malta in 2002, died due to lack of medical care, as he pleaded for an orange and a banana. Instead of saying the prisoners of Gelalo are being punished, a more correct assertion would be to state that they have been sentenced to death. Mankind is cheap in Gelalo. There is no healthcare for the sick, no comfort for the mind, and no sympathy for those in tears. Why cry for those who have died and found relief from the suffering of the world? Save your tears for the living dead of Gelalo, the prisoners enduring pain and suffering. I remember a time when many were suffering, after they succumbed to an illness. I remember Israel Michael, Kibrom Tekle, Abraham Goitom, Alazar Gebrenegus, Kahsai Neguse, Tsehai Aregay, Gaber Tekle, Samuel?...Mahmoud? Etc?? And this is how Alazar died due to medical neglect. The prisoners of Gelalo are not permitted to be visited by family members. Say what you will, do what you will, you won?t hear of your family and your family will not hear of you. Legally, the prisoners of Gelalo are dead but unburied. As if hunger, thirst, and the extremities of the weather are not enough, prisoners who are subjected to beatings, under various pretexts, are not few. And many are those who are suffering in chains. Something sad and amazing happened in 2004. Many Eritrean youth came to visit their country from America, Europe and every continent. They brought them to see a modern miracle built by the Warsay-Yeka?alo Campaign?the miracle was the same modern hotel that was built by the blood and sweat of the prisoners of Gelalo. They didn?t want anybody to know of our whereabouts, so they gave us a day off. We didn?t know why we were told to take a break. Nor did we know, then, why one of the prisoners, an electrician, was abruptly called to see them. Of course, we were concerned for him, but we assumed it was because they needed his services. When the electrician brother came back and recounted the behaviour of the people in charge of us, we were very saddened. As he recounted, he saw the [Diaspora] youth enjoying a feast, which was accompanied by musical entertainment. But, fearing exposure, the supervisors wanted him nowhere near the youth. Tearfully, he told us that, appearance-wise, and in comparison to the [Diasora] youth he saw, we had deteriorated badly. The [visiting] youth are blameless because they know nothing. But forgiveness is not due to the brutal and cruel prison wardens. They are shameless?as if we did not exist, they are telling the youth that the hotel that was constructed by our efforts and hard work is the labour of Warsay-Yekaalo Campaign. The youth knew nothing?they were happy, they were eating and drinking. They didn?t know that just downhill from them, there were another group of youth, 450 of their brothers, enduring extreme pain. The totality of the mistreatment at Gelalo cannot be chronicled. But when the pitch dark turns to dawn and the entirety of the story is told, the Eritrean people will shudder. When President Isaias came to inaugurate the hotel that was build by us, there was a huge feast and festivity. But nobody paid mind to those who put in the hard work and labour to make it happen. When will Eritrea become a nation governed by law? In our next correspondence, we will write in greater detail about Alazar Gebrenegus. Elsa Chyrum is an Eritrean Human Rights Activist. The original article which was written by the prisoners (who wish to remain anonymous), and presented by Elsa, is in Tigrigna. Translations by Awate staff. All errors in translation are the responsibility of Awate.com", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "0ac98cf7a16dc8009c9f51d9", "source_sha256": "e575b4f0fd9dfd7368a1a6d6343a4695ed2b8ee7242c3ac1c23a0ec8c947decc", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-c2a85d8c1237136d3a0159b0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/0", "start": 5010, "end": 5058 }, "anchors": [ "source-top" ], "content": [ { "text": "Testimony of Gelalo Prisoners" } ] }, { "id": "b-b8b0d2a2fda80a237ac5fd6f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/1/1/0", "start": 5927, "end": 6013 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "By Anonymous (Presented by Elsa Chyrum) - Aug 26, 2005" } ] }, { "id": "b-b5093ffdc148ff3e28ae18e3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/1/0", "start": 6264, "end": 7144 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "At this time, the name of Eritrea is associated with prisons, pain, hurt, and violation of human rights. It is no exaggeration to state that Eritrea is hell-on-earth to its citizens. That Eritrea?s development is limited to proliferation of prisons is a fact known not just by Eritreans but the international community as a whole. It is not possible to count the detention centres that have sprung up all over Eritrea?those of the Front, those of divisions, brigades, national salvation, police. They exceed the number of schools." } ] }, { "id": "b-f3aed7032ff0f8e10e16d308", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/5/0", "start": 7224, "end": 7889 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "And so, the prison which is located in Gel?alo is one of the many prisons. This prison, where many youth are languishing in agony, is found in the eastern lowlands, near the shores of the Red Sea, between Massawa and Aseb. Because the area is an inhabitable desert, it is practically deserted, with virtually nobody living in the environs. " }, { "text": "One can conclude that to build a prison in this environment is to bury people alive.", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-ea75e35997db06627104d8c4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/9/0", "start": 7969, "end": 8976 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "I am one of the Eritreans who was deported from Malta in September 2002. After I, and those who were deported with me, endured unbearable pain and agony in the prisons of Adi Abeito and Dahlak, we were transferred to Gelalo in April 14, 2004. We numbered 75; our transfer was escorted by heavy guard. It was raining and, since the transport vehicle was a flat bed truck, the downpour fell on our backs. There was no one to take pity on us. When we neared Foro, someone by the name of ?Wedi Lemlem? escaped. They fired many shots; and we don?t know whether he lived or died. I hope he is with the living." } ] }, { "id": "b-bf1ab7e41a5a2de88733b798", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/13/0", "start": 9056, "end": 9981 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In this prison [Gelalo], the number of prisoners was around 450, composed of those who were deported from Libya, those [in the military] who were absent without leave, those who were caught while attempting to cross the border and others. Some were in prison for four years. The oldest was a 70-year old [man] named ?Am [Uncle] Abdu? and the youngest, 15, Mohammed from Keren. As for those who had been there for more than one year, [they include] Dawit Berhane, Wikianos, Petros Kahsai, Fitsum Haile, Kahsai Negusse, Mussie Abeselom, Gebre Teklom, Walta Haile, Girmai Gebrezgabheir, Mehari Gile, Michael, Merhawi Hadish, Mohammed wedi Keren, etc." } ] }, { "id": "b-733c26be0b0951d52c6174d3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/17/0", "start": 10048, "end": 10961 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "Gelalo doesn?t have adequate shaded area, and the prisoners are exposed to the elements-- the sun, the wind and Kamsien [a local tornado.] It is surrounded by dense thorny trees and it is impossible to see what is behind them. Escape is unthinkable. As for the treatment of the prisoners, let alone in your own country and by your own government, even if you were told that there is such a practice in another country, you would be hard pressed to believe it. When you witness that people are capable of enduring such pain and suffering, you become a believer in the resilience of man." } ] }, { "id": "b-c596c58858e7cc515b8ea47f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/21/0", "start": 11041, "end": 12453 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "The life of the prisoners of Gelalo is sad?they have no rights and they quietly endure like slaves. They have no rights to demand; " }, { "text": "dusk to dawn, they are beaten to their workplace, like donkeys. Even basic things like bread and water are not available.", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " For example, the modern hotel that is in Gelalo was built by the labor of the prisoners. There was not a single machinery?it was built by the sweat, blood and tears of the prisoners. Although there were cars, people were forced to walk for two hours a day, in the sweltering heat, commuting [to and from their workplace.] Beginning at 5:00 AM, without a taste of food, we laboured until noon. After lunch, we resumed work at 2:00 PM and concluded at 6:00. Then we return, escorted by people with rifles. And, after all that hard work, your noon meal is two breads, and at night, two breads with lentil. Alternative food is unthinkable." } ] }, { "id": "b-e0d7295fc28a15801fd035ec", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/25/0", "start": 12533, "end": 13394 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "The combination of hunger, thirst and hard labour has wasted the bodies of the prisoners. Consequently, many get sick. But sickness does not excuse you from work. It is possible to state that there is no prisoner who hasn?t succumbed to illness caused by the combination of hard labour, hunger and thirst. You can pray all you want, but you will have no medicine, nor doctors. For example, everybody knows that Alazar Gebrenegus, a brother who was deported from Malta in 2002, died due to lack of medical care, as he pleaded for an orange and a banana." } ] }, { "id": "b-e8777c53edc158446465dc8c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/29/0", "start": 13474, "end": 14138 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "Instead of saying the prisoners of Gelalo are being punished, a more correct assertion would be to state that they have been sentenced to death. " }, { "text": "Mankind is cheap in Gelalo. There is no healthcare for the sick, no comfort for the mind, and no sympathy for those in tears. Why cry for those who have died and found relief from the suffering of the world? Save your tears for the living dead of Gelalo, the prisoners enduring pain and suffering.", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-68ef9221c2c847b089647be0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/33/0", "start": 14205, "end": 14682 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "I remember a time when many were suffering, after they succumbed to an illness. I remember Israel Michael, Kibrom Tekle, Abraham Goitom, Alazar Gebrenegus, Kahsai Neguse, Tsehai Aregay, Gaber Tekle, Samuel?...Mahmoud? Etc?? And this is how Alazar died due to medical neglect." } ] }, { "id": "b-3e4f8657d7fc0086101419b3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/0", "start": 14762, "end": 15452 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "The prisoners of Gelalo are not permitted to be visited by family members. " }, { "text": "Say what you will, do what you will, you won?t hear of your family and your family will not hear of you. Legally, the prisoners of Gelalo are dead but unburied.", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " As if hunger, thirst, and the extremities of the weather are not enough, prisoners who are subjected to beatings, under various pretexts, are not few. And many are those who are suffering in chains." } ] }, { "id": "b-8f8d677bb9e572e8108538b8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/41/0", "start": 15532, "end": 16519 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "Something sad and amazing happened in 2004. Many Eritrean youth came to visit their country from America, Europe and every continent. 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As he recounted, he saw the [Diaspora] youth enjoying a feast, which was accompanied by musical entertainment. But, fearing exposure, the supervisors wanted him nowhere near the youth. Tearfully, he told us that, appearance-wise, and in comparison to the [Diasora] youth he saw, we had deteriorated badly." } ] }, { "id": "b-a78e2b46d41c79a035546195", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/49/0", "start": 17305, "end": 18163 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "The [visiting] youth are blameless because they know nothing. But forgiveness is not due to the brutal and cruel prison wardens. They are shameless?as if we did not exist, they are telling the youth that the hotel that was constructed by our efforts and hard work is the labour of Warsay-Yekaalo Campaign. " }, { "text": "The youth knew nothing", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "?they were happy, they were eating and drinking. They didn?t know that " }, { "text": "just downhill from them, there were another group of youth, 450 of their brothers, enduring extreme pain.", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-c7539dc430f32a0ed65d9e05", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/53/0", "start": 18243, "end": 18967 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "The totality of the mistreatment at Gelalo cannot be chronicled. But when the pitch dark turns to dawn and the entirety of the story is told, the Eritrean people will shudder.", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " When President Isaias came to inaugurate the hotel that was build by us, there was a huge feast and festivity. But nobody paid mind to those who put in the hard work and labour to make it happen. 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Jun 16, 2006 The fear that has overwhelmed the Eritrean people is so palpable, it is at a stage where not only can?t the people speak up, but they won?t even listen to those who speak on their behalf. True, the punishment inflicted on the people by the government of Eritrea for the past 15 years has rendered the people speechless. But this does not mean there are no brave people?we have been reading the works of the brave: male and female. And because of the writing of these brave people, the Eritrean people know of the suffering and pain inflicted in the prisons [of Eritrea.] I, too, having experienced Gedem Prison, am writing here, as others have, so the people will know. Well, then, I am one of those who were expelled from Malta and sent to Eritrea at the end of 2002. After enduring pain and suffering of a magnitude that cannot be described at Adi Abeito and Dahlak, where I was initially held, I and 100 other prisoners were transferred to Gedem Prison in 2004. Including those whom we joined at Gedem Prison, we numbered around 400. The Prisoners Most of the prisoners were those [in the military] accused of being Absent Without Leave. Because most of the youth despise the government, they were forced to seek exile in Ethiopia, Sudan, Yemen, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Djibouti and Malta. This is what they call Absent Without Leave. After a while, they took 200 prisoners from those who were with us then?to this date, nobody knows where they were taken. Gedem Gedem is located about 40 kilometers south of Massawa. At the time, a naval station was being built and the purpose of locating us there was to exploit the cheap, unpaid labor of the prisoners. Since there was no machinery there, all the work was performed by the manual labor of the prisoners. To describe the lives of the Gedem Prisoners is fairly easy. [But to experience it] Let alone to work, even when sitting under a shade, the desert heat is hard to endure. But to the government of Eritrea, the prisoners are not human but commodities. It is not possible to find a government as cruel and sadistic as this one. Neglect Many prisoners sustained work-related injuries at Gedem. But the government has no compassion for the prisoners. It is a government that chooses the death of 100 prisoners over the malfunction of one machinery. To demonstrate this, let me use an example. An individual who was expelled by Malta and was imprisoned in Eritrea, a prisoner by the name of Amanuel Berhane, fell off a 20-meter wall and sustained a big injury in his groin area. Nobody provided him medical care. In the eyes of the government, he was an inferior human being. In another incident, another individual who was expelled by Malta, a prisoner by the name of Isaias Mesfin, fell while constructing a wall and sustained a big injury. Consequently, he was paralyzed. Nobody provided him any medical care. As I stated, the government pays more attention to steel than to human beings. In another incident, a prisoner by the name of Habtom, a youth who was detained while crossing the border to Ethiopia, was assigned to work in metallurgy at the Naval base. The metal parts fell on him and his back was broken. He was made unconscious from the severity of the pain, but he did not get medical attention. As I stated, human beings are considered inferior in Eritrea. In another incident, a prisoner who was detained as he tried to cross to Saudi Arabia, reached a conclusion that the problem would never be corrected while in prison and attempted to escape. This was an act of desperation because even if they gave one permission to leave, one cannot overcome the burning heat of the desert. Yet, the soldiers shot and killed him, right there in the middle of the field. A 75-year old man known as Aboy Tesfazghi, in prison accused of trying to enable his son?s desertion, was heard to exclaim: ?This is a real man. Better to attempt escape than to wait for death quietly here.? He was cuffed and thrown to a container. There isn?t enough paper to chronicle the brutality that goes on in Gedem Prison. Description of the Prisons The prisons at Gedem are constructed of corrugated tin; the prisoners have accepted a life of being baked by the heat during the day and being whipped by the cold at night. And if they can?t endure it, they will get no mercy from the government. The night cold penetrates deep into your bones; the day heat showers you with sweat. The clothes that you are forced to wear, jeans overalls, exacerbate the heat and the sweat and because they don?t allow you to bathe, the stench produces illnesses. Our thighs and buttocks were peeling from the heat?we could neither sit nor sleep. At Gedem, if you get sick, you better wait for death because medical doctors and medicine is unthinkable. Due to prison overcrowding, it was difficult to sleep or to sit. Four prisoners were given one blanket to share. It is not enough to nestle, let alone to stretch in comfort. Absent stretch room, the legs are crammed, which brings about pain that make you scream in pain. The crowding, the heat, the open sores, the smell?all combine to make you hate being human. There is no Eritrean who does not know of these transgressions. But those in Eritrea can do nothing. They have broken their spine and demoralized them. But those in the Diaspora, those who are frightened into inaction lest they lose the homes and land they built with their dollars, those who are quietly observing the destruction of people, will have to answer to history. A Day At Gedem The shift begins at 4:30 AM. We work until noon, without breakfast. The so-called lunch is two breads and lentil stew, without pepper or oil. That is our breakfast and our lunch. We go back to work from 1:30 PM to 6:00 PM. Dinner is the same: two pieces of bread and lentil stew. Gedem Prison is like all other prisons which are proliferating in Eritrea. There is no transgression that is out of bounds. Human beings are debased?they cannot bathe or wash their clothes; they don?t get sufficient food; if sick, they won?t get medical attention. There are no rights at all?people are like discarded objects. If you get sick and cannot work, you will get no mercy: you will be beaten with a stick and made to work. Until death relieves you, you will get no mercy while alive.", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "135b87eb31bd3f56d6b3b33b", "source_sha256": "49cea0b290ad142cdd23737e8569355ffdf8b4b3724ca4255cdc6eb86ac9e66e", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-c38fb655fe8ddd516c2bdf98", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/0", "start": 4997, "end": 5054 }, "anchors": [ "source-top" ], "content": [ { "text": "Testimony: The Torment At Gedem Prison" } ] }, { "id": "b-62a220621930e6dfc44a0bf8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/1/1/0", "start": 5915, "end": 6022 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "By Anon (submitted by Elsa Chyrum; translated by Awate Team) - Jun 16, 2006" } ] }, { "id": "b-4a6d7f2147af07ab93cb072c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/1/0", "start": 6273, "end": 7126 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The fear that has overwhelmed the Eritrean people is so palpable, it is at a stage where not only can?t the people speak up, but they won?t even listen to those who speak on their behalf. True, the punishment inflicted on the people by the government of Eritrea for the past 15 years has rendered the people speechless. But this does not mean there are no brave people?we have been reading the works of the brave: male and female. And because of the writing of these brave people, the Eritrean people know of the suffering and pain inflicted in the prisons [of Eritrea.]" } ] }, { "id": "b-3f8876bf93ff1b5e61d7e606", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/5/0", "start": 7193, "end": 7921 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I, too, having experienced Gedem Prison, am writing here, as others have, so the people will know. Well, then, I am one of those who were expelled from Malta and sent to Eritrea at the end of 2002. After enduring pain and suffering of a magnitude that cannot be described at Adi Abeito and Dahlak, where I was initially held, I and 100 other prisoners were transferred to Gedem Prison in 2004. 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To demonstrate this, let me use an example." } ] }, { "id": "b-a3840ac8459ee595a460ec42", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/31/0", "start": 10512, "end": 10973 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "An individual who was expelled by Malta and was imprisoned in Eritrea, a prisoner by the name of " }, { "text": "Amanuel Berhane", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ", fell off a 20-meter wall and sustained a big injury in his groin area. Nobody provided him medical care. In the eyes of the government, he was an inferior human being." } ] }, { "id": "b-111b9c3090a78ad29d79c2a2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/35/0", "start": 11040, "end": 11589 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In another incident, another individual who was expelled by Malta, a prisoner by the name of " }, { "text": "Isaias Mesfin", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ", fell while constructing a wall and sustained a big injury. Consequently, he was paralyzed. Nobody provided him any medical care. As I stated, the government pays more attention to steel than to human beings." } ] }, { "id": "b-cc4502acc1b49c3a8df856f2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/39/0", "start": 11656, "end": 12249 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In another incident, a prisoner by the name of " }, { "text": "Habtom", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ", a youth who was detained while crossing the border to Ethiopia, was assigned to work in metallurgy at the Naval base. The metal parts fell on him and his back was broken. He was made unconscious from the severity of the pain, but he did not get medical attention. As I stated, human beings are considered inferior in Eritrea." } ] }, { "id": "b-e29f132a9932009ba3d538f4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/43/0", "start": 12316, "end": 13271 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In another incident, a prisoner who was detained as he tried to cross to Saudi Arabia, reached a conclusion that the problem would never be corrected while in prison and attempted to escape. This was an act of desperation because even if they gave one permission to leave, one cannot overcome the burning heat of the desert. Yet, the soldiers shot and killed him, right there in the middle of the field. A 75-year old man known as " }, { "text": "Aboy Tesfazghi", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ", in prison accused of trying to enable his son?s desertion, was heard to exclaim: ?This is a real man. Better to attempt escape than to wait for death quietly here.? He was cuffed and thrown to a container." } ] }, { "id": "b-0b6a0869a6c677c65202aafa", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/47/0", "start": 13338, "end": 13469 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "There isn?t enough paper to chronicle the brutality that goes on in Gedem Prison." } ] }, { "id": "b-faebe56a8e7188a401b2d068", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/51/0", "start": 13543, "end": 13607 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Description of the Prisons", "marks": [ "underline" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-9060bcdee9f899557202abf0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/55/0", "start": 13681, "end": 14677 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The prisons at Gedem are constructed of corrugated tin; the prisoners have accepted a life of being baked by the heat during the day and being whipped by the cold at night. And if they can?t endure it, they will get no mercy from the government. The night cold penetrates deep into your bones; the day heat showers you with sweat. The clothes that you are forced to wear, jeans overalls, exacerbate the heat and the sweat and because they don?t allow you to bathe, the stench produces illnesses. Our thighs and buttocks were peeling from the heat?we could neither sit nor sleep. At Gedem, if you get sick, you better wait for death because medical doctors and medicine is unthinkable." } ] }, { "id": "b-9425e735dd9e84d9641c2688", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/59/0", "start": 14744, "end": 15329 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Due to prison overcrowding, it was difficult to sleep or to sit. Four prisoners were given one blanket to share. It is not enough to nestle, let alone to stretch in comfort. Absent stretch room, the legs are crammed, which brings about pain that make you scream in pain. The crowding, the heat, the open sores, the smell?all combine to make you hate being human." } ] }, { "id": "b-03c98e94a9c4de64ecaac8d7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/63/0", "start": 15396, "end": 15980 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "There is no Eritrean who does not know of these transgressions. But those in Eritrea can do nothing. They have broken their spine and demoralized them. But those in the Diaspora, those who are frightened into inaction lest they lose the homes and land they built with their dollars, those who are quietly observing the destruction of people, will have to answer to history." } ] }, { "id": "b-51f67b8987aa2a7588bb2f5a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/67/0", "start": 16054, "end": 16106 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "A Day At Gedem", "marks": [ "underline" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-d355e942a4ac2c69df61297f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/71/0", "start": 16180, "end": 16655 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The shift begins at 4:30 AM. We work until noon, without breakfast. The so-called lunch is two breads and lentil stew, without pepper or oil. That is our breakfast and our lunch. We go back to work from 1:30 PM to 6:00 PM. 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The crimes against the Kunama people which is committed by the PFDJ is not new but has history go back before Idris Awate started the armed struggle. The legacy of Hamid Idris Awate, to the Eritrean „Gedli“ (struggle), seen, experienced and analysed from the Kunama perspective The VKP/KAM: (September 30, 2009). In the 1960s the Kunamas people became the first victim of the ELF leaders. According to Yosef 2009, many houses with their inhabitants inside; men, women and children indiscriminately killed; entire fertile areas abandoned (later to be settled mainly by the Tigrignas), their cattle plundered and sold in Kessela; etc. Here is how the VK/ KAM team of the baden-kunama.com website puts it “To a very considerable number of Kunama, who had not only known Hamid Idris Awate personally, but they had also had to abandon their land and villages set ablaze by him and their entire cattle raided and sold in the market places of Kassala (Sudan), the news of this same Hamid Idris Awate, been chosen as the leader of a national liberation movement was not only very surprising but profoundly shocking. As a continuation of this atrocity, in the early sixties (1960s) and late seventies (1970s), started to conduct retaliatory activities against the Kunama people, burning Kunama villages, even with their inhabitants inside their huts. VKP/KAM (May 18, 2009) [About the background history of Hamid Idris Awate? October 30, 2012) መግለጺ ባሕቲ ሓደ መስከረም 2012ዝደልዩ ደቂ ዓዋተ ዘይደልዩ ከA ደቂ ትሽዓተ ብሄራት [ቤት ጽሕፈት ዜናን ሓበሬታን ዲምሓኩኤ መስከረም 01 2012] ..\"ናይ Eድሪስ ዓዋተ ሃገራውነት (nationalism) ግን ኹሉ ኤርትራዊ ዝስማማዓሉ ዛEባ ኣይኮነን፡፡ ሽፍታ ስለ ዝነበረ ሃገራዊ ክብሃል ኣይግብAን ማለት ከA ቅኑE ኣይኮነን፡፡ ምኽንያቱ ሽፍታ ወይ ከA ጭውዝበለ Eሉልን ጸረ ህዝቢ ጸኒሑ ተቀይሩ ንሃገር ዝጠቅም ስራሕ Eንተፈጺሙ ንቅበሎ ጸጋ ስለ ዝኾነ፡፡ ንሓደ ሃገራዊ Eንተ ብፍላጥ ወይ ከA ንሕነ ህዝቢታት ሃገር ንዝጨፍጨፈ ገበነኛ ከም ሃገራዊ ምቅባልን ምስ መዓልቲ ናጽነት ብምትEስሳር ነቶም ግዳያት ክስEስU ምግባር ግንናይ ገበን ገበን Eዩ፡፡ ሓምድ Eድሪስ ዓዋተ ኣብ ልEሊ ብሄር ኩናማ ዘብጽሖ ህልቂት ከቢድIዩ፡፡ ሓቂ ዶ ሓሶት ንምርግጋጹ’ውን መጽናEትን ግዜን ክወሃብ ድኣሉ ዝግባE Eምበር ንሓደ ሸነኽ ንምኽሳብ ኣብዚ ናይ ገበን ታሪኽ ብምንጥልጣል ሓባራዊ ሃገራዊ ምርድዳE ኣብዘይበጸሕናዮ ጉዳይ ከም ናይ ኩሉ ኤርትራዊ ውራይ ጌርካ ምውሳድ Aብ ልEሊ መሰልዜጋታት ምEንዳር Iዩ።ዲሞክራሲያዊ ምንቅስቓስ ሓርነት ኩናማ ኤርትራ (ዲምሓኩኤ) ሓምድ Eድሪስ ዓዋተ AብልEሊ ብሄር ኩናማ ዘብጽሖ ህልቂት ካብ ዘይምፍላጥ ወይ ዓቕሚ ብምስኣን Aይኮነን ክሳብሕጂ ትም መሪጹ ዝጸንሐን፡ ሎሚ ከቃልሖ ዝመረጸውን ካብ ወትሩ ፉሉይ ዓቕሚ ስለዝረኸበን ስለዘዋህለለን ኣይኮነን፡፡ Eንታይ ድኣ ንቅሓት ሕብረተሰብ ኩናማን ሰዓብቱንAባላቱን Aብ ግምት ብምEታውን Aብ ሕሉፍ ታሪኽ ተንጠልጢሉ ነዚ ጉዳይ ቀዳማይAጀንዳ ቃልሲ ክገብር ስለዘይመረጸ ጥራይ Eዩ፡፡ ሓቂ ተቐቢሩ ስለዘይተርፍን ቅኑE ታሪኽመሰረት ቅኑE ሃገርን ህዝብን ምዃኑ ብምEማን ኣብ ጉዳይ ሃገራዊ ጅግንነታዊ ታሪኽ ሓምድ Eድሪስ ዓዋተ ብስርዓት ህግደፍ ዝተጠጅA ተንኮልን ብዓቢ ድምጺ ክቃላሕ ዝጸንሐድራማታትን ቃልE ንምውጻE ሕልናዊ ግዴታና ምዃኑ ኣሕዋት ኤርትራውያን ክርድUናበዓል ሙሉE ተስፋ Iና።\" Read more Crime committed against civilians by the ELF (Jebha) in the 1960s and 1970s The late Barambars Sila Abel Fagi 1974+ The first Kunama SDO (Senior District Officer) of Barentu. A man of courage and total dedication to and commitment for the welfare and well-being of his Kunama people on whose behalf had to sacrifice his own life by falling victim of that ruthless Jebha command in the Kunama land. source baden-kunama.com LT. Venanzio (Naite) Araia +1981. The late LT. Venanzio (Naite) Araia: One of the Kunama heroes, fallen victim, struggling against the recial hatred and discrimination against the Kunama people, perpetrated by the Jebha-Al-Teharir´s unit, operating in the Kunama land, from the early 1967 1982. source baden-kunama.comi Alexander Naty in his reaech paper \" potential conflict in the former Gash-Setit regine\" states that the killing of two Kunama brothers by a Tigrinnya policeman in Shambakko in 1995 was a symbolic reminder of the historical animosity between the Kunams people and the Eritrea Liberation Front. During the early 1960s the ELF killed a Kunama man from the village of Taikanaba .[Read more] The people of the Red Sea area were also among the first groups to be victims of ELF; although the people waited patiently [read more] In the 1960s the Red Sea Afar people also became victims of the ELF leaders, ccording to Afar Forum, many civilians mostly innocent children, the elderly and women were mass murdered and buried in a barbaric manner at a place called Nabro. That was the response the people got from the so called “liberators”. Afar Forum adds that. Some of the blind measures taken by the so called political groups are:-The Ramlo (Ar’anu) forced genocide in 1968 by ELF; The 1974 direct and indirect mass killings by ELF and The 1968 genocide by the EPLF in 1968 in a place called Bori Asela.Source Destructive strategies of the EPLF regime In the 1960s there was a report of the ELF leadership crimes on highlanders. Megesteab (2005: 43) states that fifty Christian peasants were also executed at the behest of the ELF leadership . Another version of this story between 15 and 25 civilians were killed by the ELF in Shimbare, they were killed by vigilante off duty tegadelti of ELF, who were thought to be avenging after their village was burned by Ethiopian soldiers. (Araya 2005). However, the ELF leadership should be blamed for the death of civilians who were killed by the ELF fighters (tegadelti). ብዕለት 20/11/1965 ዓ.ም. ድማ ሓንቲ “ብቐዳመይቲ ክፍሊ” እትፍለጥ፡ ብተጋዳላይ ማሕሙድ ዲናይ እትምራሕ ሓይሊ ተጋድሎ ሓርነት ኤርትራ (ተ.ሓ.ኤ.) ካብ ባርካ ተበጊሳ ናብ ቆሓይን ብምኻድ፡ ናብ ዓዲ ሓንስ ኣተወት። ሰራዊት ተ.ሓ.ኤ (ጀብሃ) ናብ ዓዲ ሓንስ ምስ ኣተዉ፡ ብቐጥታ ነቲ ህዝቢ ኣኪቦም፡ መደረ ከስምዑ ጀመሩ። ሻቡ ሓው ሻምበል ኣሰፋ ስላምሳ ዚኾኑ፡ ባሻይ በርሀ ስላምሳ ዚተባህሉ ምስሌነ ዓዲ ብድድ ኢሎም፡ “ስምዑ እዞም ደቀይ፡ ንስኻትኩም እንታዎት እኹም? ናብዙ ዓድና መምጺእኹም ምኽንያትከ እንታይ እዩ?” ክብሉ ተወከሱዎም። መራሒ ኣታ ክፍሊ ተ.ጋ. ማሕሙድ ዲናይ፡ “ንሕና ጀብሃ ኣልታሓሪር ኣል ኤለትርያ” ኢና ንብሃል፤ ንኣኻትኩም ናጻ ከነወጽእ ድማ ኢና መጺእና” በሎም። እኩብ ህዝቢ ዓዲ ሓንስ፡ እተን “ጀብሃ ኣልታሓሪር ኣል ኤለትርያ” ዝብላ ናይ ቋንቋ ዓረብ ቃላት፡ ትርጉመን ስለ ዘይተረድኦ ትሒም ትሒም በለ። ሻቡ ምስሌነ ዓዲ ዚነበሩ ባሻይ በርሀ ስላምሳ፡ “እሕሕ” ኢሎም ጎረሮኦም ድሕሪ ምጽራይ፡ “ስምዑ እዞም ደቀይ፡ ንሕና ደቂ ጋንዛይን ደማስን ደቂ ኣድከመ-ምልጋእ እና። ኣብ ትሕቲ እግዚኣብሄር ኣምላኽና ኴንና ከዓ ኣብ ሓቅን ፍትሕን ዝተመስረተን እንምርሓሉን ናትና ሕግን ናትና ባይቶን ኣሎና፣ በዙይ እናተዳነናን እናተመራሕናን ከዓመ ምስ ኩሉ ህዝቢ ብሰላም እንነብር ሓረስቶት እና። ስለዙይ ንሕና ፈታዊ’ምበር ጸላኢ የብልናን። ኣብ መሬትናን ዓድናን መጺኡ ዘሸግረና ሓይሊ ስለ ዘየለ ከዓ ብረትን ሓውን ኣየድልየናን እዩ። ስለዙይ፡ ንሎሚ ሽሻይና ተቛዲስኩም ኣብ ዓድና ውዒልኩም ሕደሩ፡ ጽባሕ ንግሆ ግን ካብዙ ቦታና ናብ ዝመጻእኩሞ ብሰላም ውጹልና!” በሉዎም። ብድሕሪ’ዚ መራሒ እታ ሓይሊ፡ ነዚ ዝስዕብ ሕቶ ኣቕረበ፥ “ቅድሚ ክልተ ሰሙን ኣብዚ ከባቢ ናይ ተዂሲ ምቅይያራት ተጌሩ ነይሩ፣ ብዛዕባ’ዚ እንታይ ትፈልጡ?” ኪብል ተወከሶም። ሻቡ ሓደ ሽማግለ ካብቲ እኩብ ህዝቢ ብድድ ኢሎም፡ “እወ፡ ኣብ መንጎ ሰራዊት መንግስትን ገለ ዘይንፈልጦም ዕጡቓትን ኣብ በራቒት ዝጀመረ ረመጽ፡ ክሳብ’ዙ በረኻ ዓድና ልሒሙ ነሩ፡ ኣብ መወዳእትኡ ግን እቶም ዕጡቓት ሓደ ምዉት ገዲፎም ሃዲሞም ከይዶም፡” ክብሉ ምስ መለሱ፡ ሰራዊት ተ.ሓ.ኤ. ሰላሕ ኢሎም ካብቲ ዓዲ ብምውጻእ፡ ናብ በረኻታት እቲ ዓዲ ገጾም ተዓዝሩ፤ ህዝቢ ድማ በቲ ፍጻመ ንሓድሕዱ እናዕለለን እናዘተየን ነናብ ቤቱ ፋሕ በለ። ንጽባሒቱ ዕለት 21 ሕዳር 1965 ዓ.ም. ወጋሕታ ግን ኣብ ዓዲ ሓንስ ብሃንደበት ኣውያትን ዋጭዋጭታን ተሰምዐ። ሓይሊ ማሕሙድ ዲናይ፡ 130 ዝኾኑ ዕጡቓት ሒዛ ናብ ዓዲ ሓንስ ብምምላስ፡ ን36 ሰባት ብግፍዒ ቀተለት። ንምስሌነ ዓዲ ባሻይ በርሀ ስላምሳ ድማ ምስ ሻዱሻይ ርእሶም ናብ ማይ ጐርዞ ዝብሃል ቦታ ወሲዶም ምስ ጸጋይ ዝብሃል ወዶም ድሕሪ ምቕታል፡ ርእሲ ባሻይ በርሀ ስላምሳ ቆሪጾም ሒዞሞ ከዱ። ኣብቲ ህልቂት ኣቶ ሃይለ ስላምሳ ዚተባህሉ ሓዎም ንባሻይ በርሀ ስላምሳ፡ በረምበራስ በራኺ፡ ኣቶ ሃይለ በራኺ፡ ኣቶ ኣየለ በራኺን ኣቶ መሓሪ በራኺን ዝተባህሉ ኣርባዕተ ኣሕዋት ደቂ ሓብቶም ንባሻይ በርሀን እውን ተቐትሉ። ኣውያት ዝሰምዑ፡ ኣብ ጎደቦ ዓዲ ሓንስ ዝርከቡ ዓድታት፡ ደወል ቤተ-ክርስትያን ወቒዖም ብጉያ ክረድኡ ናብ ዓዲ ሓንስ ተኣከቡ። ገለ ካብቶም ናብ ዓዲ ሓንስ ገጾም ዝጎየዩ ጎረባብቲ ዓድታት ድማ ናብ ዓዲ ሓንስ ቅድሚ ምእታዎም ሬሳ ሽዱሽተ ሰባት ኣብ መገዲ ወዲቑ ረኸቡ። በቲ ፍጻመውን ኣዝዮም ሰንበዱን ረዓዱን! ርእሲ ባሻይ በርሀ ስላምሳ እውን ብድሕሪኡ ንበይና ኣብ በረኻ ወዲቓ ብጓሶት ተረኺባ፡ ተኣርያ ናብ ዓዲ መጸት! ተጋደልቲ ጀብሃ ብተወሳኺ፡ 340 ከብቲ፡ 96 ኣእዱግ፡ ኣርባዕተ ኣፍራስ፡ ሽዱሽተ ኣባቕል፡ ናይ ዓዲ ሓንስ ዘሚቶም ብምውሳድ ኣብ ዕዳጋታት ከሰላ ሓረጁወን። ገለ ክፋል ናይ ዓዲ ሓንስ እውን ብሓዊ ኣቃጸሉዎ! እዚ ግፍዕታት’ዚ ክፍጸም ከሎ፡ ሻምበል ኣሰፋ ስላምሳ ዝርከቦም ገለ ደቂ ዓዲ ሓንስ፡ ኣብ ኣድያቦ ኣብ ማሕረስ ስለ ዝነበሩ ነቲ ጭካነ ዝመልኦ ግፍዒ ኣይተኻፈሉዎን። ኣማስያኡ ናብ ዓዶም ምስ ተመልሱ ግን እቲ ዘሐዝን ፍጻመ ተፈጺሙ ጸንሖም። read more Year 1967, the nightmare at Karkasha village: where Jebha forces, burnt to the ground, half of Karkasha village, including this writer’s family house and property; beat up the inhabitants of Karkasha and labelling them as “jawasis” meaning spies. Deliberately they set fire in a house, killing all 7 members of the same family. By then Karkasha was not an Ethiopian garrison. In fact, on that fateful day, it was Jabha’s temporary “difa or trench” to ambush the Ethiopian mobile forces, on Shambako/Barentu line, to hit and run. So why did they burn the village, property and human lives? Well, just hatred, discrimination and racism. Read more Ghebrehiwet Haile wrote on facebook comment, Thank you. I remember ELF executed 24 innocent civilian and burned the village Adi Hanse Quahyne Seraye 1967. ELF, EPLF they were all killer. Remember how many privately owned vehicles were stolen country infrastructure was destroyed by those so called freedom fighters. They were unfitted to lead at all . What do you expect for these thieves from day one. look what did Eritrean people got at the end only ever seen misery and death that is all. My best Wish to Eritrean people. The one who is sitting is killed by Jabha in keren his Name is Abdulqani Muhajab Merhawi Kunfu in his article the Eritrean Revolution: Born of a Shifta father, produced a Shifta system – part 2 and fina also wrote \"The ELF committed genocide crimes against the innocent Christian Tigrigna right from the beginning of the armed struggle. Many villages and properties in Akeleguzay and Seraye such as Qohain were destroyed and looted. Many Christian peasants and traders were murdered in mass only for being Christians. I myself have lost a relative in the mass murder of 49 innocent peasants committed by the ELF in July 1967 in Shimbare, near Tokobya\" Furthermore, according to Human Rights Watch 1991:48, in 1971, 52 civilian villagers were burned to death in their huts in a village name Debre Sila by the ELF for non-payment of the ELF demands (Human Rights Watch1991:48). There was also another story on March7, 1971, the ELF plundered the village of Halib Menal, stealing many cattle, after the villagers had killed two ELF fighters while resisting an ELF attempt to occupy the village two day before. Individuals who failed to protect ELF property entrusted to them were also summarily executed. There was a similar story about the atrocity against Ato Haile by the ELF at Wutuh in Summer (kiremti) 1971. According to the eye witness, Ato Haile (Chieka Adi - Village Maaya), was shot down, in front of elders forcibly gathered, at a neighboring village Wutuh (where he was hiding as he could not meet their excessive request for money and other immoral demands). They ignored the elders appeal to set him free, by pledging them he would come up with their demands should he is given more time. At the time, they terrorized the gathered elders saying \"Deki halima, kab Tub adetatom tementilom teharidom, nisikhum dima kemzi kegatimekum iyu In 1975 there was also a story about 12 youths from Adi-Kehei area who had a plan to join the Front were wrongly killed as a spies by the ELF. Among those youths who were killed by the ELF: 1.Indemyze Mohammed 2 Hagos Ibrahim was known as wdi Ibrahim Nur, the owner of a shop in Adikehi. Furthermore, in 1976 there was a report of the execution of civilians by the ELF at Adi Aret village. According to the eyewitness, more than 10 civilians were wrongly killed as spies by the ELF in one day. He describes the way of their execution as followings. The victims were ordered to dig their own graves, thereafter they were blindfolded and stood on the edge of the graves before they were executed. After they were executed by firing squad their bodies were buried by the villagers from orders they received from ELF fighters. This was done deliberately to terrorise the villagers. There were many stories of atrocities against civilians by the ELF like these mentioned in the 1970s. Both the atrocities of 1975 and 1976 which were mentioned above took place in administrative Unit 10 (Akele-Guzai) where Seyoum Harasta (former ELF.RC chairman) was in charge.There was a story that the ELF had also killed people in Maymine Seray in the 1970s In 1975 Seyoum was appointed as political commissioner of ELF’s administrative Unit 10 (Akele-Guzai) ?????? Excrept from Responses to He And His Objectives February 13, 2012 by Awate Team [http://awate.com/he-and-his-objectives/#comments] Tesfa says: February 16, 2012 at 8:45 am Hello Awate team! Yes, I consider still the awate website as the best among the Eritrean website. But this article is extremely biased and very fsr from the reali8ty we all exercised during our childhood!!!! How can you write “… Nehnan Elamanan came with allegations of grisly murders committed by what it called the “Jihadist” ELF against Christians; and after more than forty years, the allegations still circulate as truth among Isaias’ supporters. With time, the unsubstantiated allegation became urban legend, elevated to a myth, and further deepened the mistrust among Eritreans and to this day continues to divide Eritreans. …” The truth is: ELF was even worse than the jihadist. I myself had an explainable fear from ELF. They have slaughtered mostly christiens from the highland; the sistr of my grand mother was burned wiht her full assets. I participated as a teenager the funeral day of the beloved aunt of my father. The most interesting thing is, she was a famer who could neither write and read – just a very simple woman! This is only the pick of the berg/mountain. I write this fact even if I hate existing regime in Eritrea. Facts remain facts!!! You could have reasoned it out only as a starting and difficult initial phase of our struggle like every START made ELF many failure . Otherwise you go the risc to degradate the reputation you have earned. Wedimerhay says: February 16, 2012 at 2:51 am I always enjoy awate.com’s articles from long time, but this article seems to me a bit favouring the ELF. The ELF was responsible for as much evil as Issayas did. The number of people slaughtered by the ELF and thrown in the fox hole (Gudgad wekaria) are too many not to mention how much our mothers have suffered under their liberated eara, the amount of confiscated properties (land and live stock). We all hate the current governmnet as it denied us the basic human rights and destroying our country economically, socially and politically. We have a purpose to attain ” A free Eritea were Eritreans live freely as long as they are Eritreans”. As much as we want this, we cannot distort history to suite us now for the current situation. It is now a dream that ELF was killing people using a knife. It is a reality that we have experienced in our neighbourhood. It is real that ELF has confiscated belongings. It is true that ELF depended on our mothers to live from day to day and they used force. It is true that ELF created many conflits in a previously peacefully coexisting communities. No dought the Nhanan Elamanan document is a destructive document, this article is also hurting as it try to justify the evils of the ELF that has affected many families lives permanently. I think let us not change history the exact the same way the Isaya regime did because it can weaken our struggle for democracy. With the short time that I have my emphasis is that the evils of both ELF and EPLF are beyond excusable and in an unreasonable magnitued. My advice to the Awate team is that, during struggle, many Moslim and Christian families were affected. The memory is not faded as it was hurtfull at family and country levels. If you are not sure about something rather display the message that is you are sure about EPLF (Shaebia ) Crime committed against civilians by the EPLF in the 1970s and 1980s As a consequence of the ELF crimes committed against civilians as alleged by the EPLF in the 1960s and 1970s, many people joined the EPLF in the middle of the 1970s. This was because most of them thought that the EPLF was innocent of crimes However, the EPLF was not innocent. All crimes committed by the EPLF were kept secret and not known to all like of the ELF. The only people who had authority to know about the EPLF crimes were those members of the security unit like Teklay Aden and other high-ranking leaders from other departments. Regarding the EPLF crimes against civilians, Teklay Aden revealed that the fascist crimes of the EPLF were not limited to the rank and file. Other victims included innocent individuals who opposed the fascist practices of the organization and boldly exposed it to the masses. Yosief Ghebrehiwet in his article \"Eritrean Independence: Is It Worth All the Sacrifice?\" wrote“In the 1980s, the EPLF had taken many underage kids including girls by force. Many of the kids returned home, some ran to the cities, many went to Tigray and others crossed the border to the Sudan. When parents were not able to bring their kids back and hand them to the EPLF, their crops were confiscated. This was during the worst famine of the 1980s. Although the yield of the crops was too little due to the lack of rain, the aim of this inhumane act was to kill the whole family unit by hunger. Many families had no choice but to migrate to Tigray in search of food but Tigray was equally a famine-stricken region during that time.” And this kind of atrocity was not confined to the EPLF, as the following quotation from the same person testifies: “… As a child growing up in the vicinity of Areza, Seraye (during Jebha time) I had seen enough of the cruelty of this organization. When it had won the war against Kohain, it had confiscated thousands of their livelihoods cattle and brought many of them to our village. The shepherds of the village, including myself, had to take turns in looking after them until they were all slaughtered one by one. When it won the war against Dembelas, it did the same thing. I had seen the Raya Azebo POWs who were captured by Jebha in the seventies perish of disease, hunger and the few lucky ones who had survived were killed in cold blood during the 1978 retreat. I had seen many innocent Eritrean merchants (negado) been arrested and tortured. I had seen people being hanged in Areza … accused of spying for the Ethiopian regime without any proof …” During the liberation struggle many unarmed civilian also became the victims of the ELF and EPLF. Although all those crimes committed by the members of the National Guard (Halewa Sewra) were kept secretly, Teclai Aden in his interview on December 23,1980 revealed that the EPLF killed hundreds of peasants. He adds that many peasants were taken by the members of National Guard and were executed. Ato Fitwi Tesfazghi & Ogbamicahel Asgodom Alem Tesfay (2003) listed name of 16 pensioners from Keren who were executed in late 1978 after taking them to Sahel as prisoners. Among of these prisoners were Ato Fitwi Tesfazghi & Ogbamicahel Asgodom Tewelde Beyne: he was taken for « a short questioning » by the security apparatus of the EPLF in Keren, Eritrea, in August 1978. Fitwi Tesfazghi Woldemariam Kelati Hagos Mana Embāye Ghebru Gebrekal Ghilu'u Tenente ZaidHagos Melake Beraki Ogbamicahel Asgodom [the father of two martyr Ghidey and Mesgna Ogbamichael] Berhane Hadgu Ghebrehiwet Kinfe Mohamed Omar Negash Sibhat Omar Bekhit Background information about those prisoners who were taken from Keren by the EPLF in 1978. Tewolde Beyn (Beyene Asfedai) was taken for « a short questioning » by the security apparatus of the EPLF in Keren, Eritrea, in August 1978. Later he was taken to Sahel, northern Eritrea with the following police pensioners in addition to Idris Mohamed Abdala, alias « Echet Hina » (a Tigre ballad singer known for his pro-ELF songs) were taken to Sahel as prisoners: Embaye Ghebru, Ghebresadiq Ghilu'u, Melake Beraki, Ogbamichael, Fitwi Tesfazghi, Woldemariam Kelati, Berhane Hadgu, Ghebrehiwet Kinfe, Mohamed Omar, Negash Sibhat, Omar Bekhit, Hadgu Mana, Tenente Zaid. Read more Brief background information about Tewolde Beyne Asfedai Leteab Tewolde Beyn wrote: Tewolde Beyn was reputed among the early ELM/mahber-shewate members for having saved many lives from imminent death or life imprisonment way back in 1959-60 (living witnesses include long-time fighters like Omar Mohamed Yahya, and Omar Haj Idris). It was also reported that a number of ELA fighters were released from prison cells in Keren by misleading their interrogators with pieces of advicegiven them by my father. (E.g. two fighters in 1964 dared to take the bus from Ghinda to Keren where they were suspected and detained. They were advised to say that they were water porters in Om Hager and that the callosity shown on their shoulders was not caused by Abu Asheras of jebha but by the heavy water containers they carried at their workplace. My father was so much liked by the fighters that the ELF in 1970 asked the people to give theirvotes for Ethiopian parliamentary elections not to those pro-Ethiopian candidates but to Tewolde Beyn. Among latter-day events mentioned in the said article was the fact that my father took active part in the resignation of all 23 Eritreans in the Ethiopian parliament after the massacre of many Eritreans at Om Hager in July 1974. That resignation was widely reported in the international press and helped to give not only a much wanted attention to the struggle, but also encouraged many Eritreans to join their revolution. PS : I would wish that you and other human rights conscious Eritreans encourage Eritrean jurists to help establish a fact finding commission to investigage, at least for the recod, all human rights abuses not only of the Ethiopians against Eritreans but also of Eritrean organizations against their own people during the past four to five decades. That may help discourage at the present and in the future of any gross violations of human rights by Eritrean political actors, whether they are «legitmate » authorities or « illegal » opposition forces. Haftkhi Leteab Tewolde Beyn Source [DEHAI] EPLF's ? short questioning ? Petition for the Release of Reported Prisoners in Eritrea From: Freweini Ghebresadick (view other messages by this author)* Date: Sat, 21 Aug 1999 17:04:55 Mr. Berhane Ezekiel 1985 killed by EPLF The second Kunama SDO (Senior District Officer) of Barentu. A man of courage and total dedication to and commitment for the welfare and well-being of his Kunama people on whose behalf had to sacrifice his own life by falling victim of that ruthless Shabia command in the Kunama land. baden-kunama.comi Dr. Yassin Aberra ዶክቶር ያሲን ኣበራ ተቐቲሎም ስለምንታይ ከ ተቐቲሎም? መወዳእታ ጥሪ (January) 1991 ኣብ ኣፍደገ ናጽነት ኤርትራ ዝተበጽሔ እዋን እዮም ንገዝኦም እናኸዱ ተቐቲሎም፡፡ ቀተልቶም ከኣ ሃገር ዝቐበጹ ዓሳክር ደርግ ዘይኮኑ ዓሳክር እቶም ብጉልባብ ናጽነት ኤርትራዊ መንነት ከጽንቱ ዝዓጠቑ እክብካብ ሸፋቱ ሎሚ ብህግደፍ ዝፍለጡ እዮም፡ እቲ መቕተልቲ! ብጉልባብ ጃሱስነት (ሓሳዊ) ናይ ስርዓት ደርግ ክጉልብብዎ ስለ ዝደለዩ ጠቐርቲ ሸፋቱ ኾይኖም እምበር ዶክቶር ያሲን ሕቡን ኤርትራዊ ብኤርትራዊ እምነቶም ነቕ ዘይብሉ ኣብ መሰረት ኤርትራ ንኤርትራውያን ዝተጨረሓሉ ዘገስገሰሉ ዘበገሰሉ ስድራቤትን ገዛን ተወሊዶም ዝዓበዩ መን ምኻኖም እቶም ዘርከብናሎምን ዝፈለጥናዮምን ዓውን ግትርን ኢልና እንምስክረሎም እዮም፡፡ “ኣለና እወ ናይ ብሓቂ ኣለና” ኣብ ዘመነ ብረታዊ ቃልሲ! ኣብ ኤርትራ ኣሽንኳይዶ ምሁር ኣብ ዝለዓለ ጸፍሕታት ትካላት መንግስቲ ዝሰርሕ እሞ ንቃልሲ ኤርትራ ዓንቃፊ ክበሃል፡ ዓርኪ ዓስከር ኢትዮጵያ ኢኻ ተባሂሎም ዕለታዊ ተዛሕዚሖም እዮም እሞ ዶክቶር ያሲን ዕስኩር ስርዓት ኢትዮጵያ ነይሮም እንተዝኾኑ እንታይ ንሰላሳ ዓመት ዝኸውን እዋን ንምቕታሎም ኣጸበየ?Read moreእታ መፍትሕ ኣብ ኢድና እያ ዘላንጠቐመላ ከይመረተት እንከላ [Source http://togoruba.org] To conclude, during the liberation struggle thousands of civilians not only became victims of the Ethiopian government but also victims of the ELF and EPLF. There are many stories about crimes committed against the civilians by both fronts (ELF and EPLF). Unfortunately many stories are not recorded apart from a few reported by Human Rights Watch 1991; Megesteab 2005; Yonas Aray 2005; Teklay Aden 1980; Freweini Ghebresadick 1999; Alem Tesfay 2004. Former revolutionary leaders who are serving in the Eritrean government or in the Oppostion leaders were also collaborated indirectly with the enemy in committing crimes against the Eritrean people, evidence of this can be seen below. Despite the Ethiopia army killed many civilians from Arafali, Atshoma, Ona etc. and burnred their villages between 1967 and the early 1970s, Issays held secret talks with the CIA in order to eliminate the ELF which he achieved in 1981. Regarding his secret meeting with the CIA, Amar(2004) states that Wodi Giorg , who was at the meeting with Issays and Col. Mamuzer Copland on 2 Jun 1981ly 1970(note), had an interview with the local press in Addis which appeared in an Amharic newspaper called \"Senay\", volume 1 number 3 of February 1993. A short while later, Wodi Giorgio was shot dead in front of his Addis Ababa house in order to keep the meeting secret. Weldemariam Abraham also added that Asrate Kassa had wanted to get rid of Haile Selassie and wanted a military wing of his own. He did not trust the Ethiopian military and wanted his own secret army started by Isayas who was entrusted by the Americans and Israel, to Eritrean front. And in the other hand bring chaos in the Eritrean struggle, bringing animosity between Christians and Muslims, and in regionalism. There are still fresh in the memory of every Eritrean the events of May, 1988 when the Ethiopian forces crushed to death 400 people, mostly women and children when their tanks rolled into the village of She'eb. Despite this atrocity was committed by the Mengistu government, from late 1986 until about 1989 the ELF leader Abdella Idris was involved in negotiating with the Mengistu government (De, Waal 1991:252) As the progress of this could be the Mengistu regime in late 1988 met with five former ELF members (who claimed to represent 750,000 Eritreans) to accept their proposal for the creation of an autonomous Eritrean region in the predominantly Muslim lowlands. During the liberation struggle many innocent liberation fighters and civilians became victims of the former revolutionary leaders who are currently serving in the Eritrean government or in the Opposition. The opposition leaders are not innocent of crime. They like the PFDJ leaders whom they are accusing of committing crimes against the Eritrean people since 1991. are also guilty. Excrept from Responses to He And His Objectives February 13, 2012 by Awate Team [http://awate.com/he-and-his-objectives/#comments] Mahmud Mohammed says Thanks Awate! the darkest side of our struggle history must be revealed regardless of who committed what but it is very crucial to teach our kids about their history. History should not be distorted or inclined but the truth must be said on heaven's fall. Esyas is not the only criminal we have had however there are many hidden criminals who slept on Eritrean blood. Some have committed mistakes without knowing or forced to do by their superiors, some have joined the struggle for personal interest and as servants of the foreigners, some were deeply mislead by their bigoted commanders who were motivated by regional and religious points of view. However, there must be a balance between the incidents happened and the golden age lost in serving Eritrea and Eritreans. We have to look on the positive sides too! The author also appeals to all former members of the ELF and EPLF who survived the war to tell the public the truth about the ELF and EPLF leadership’s crimes against civilians. 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The crimes against the Kunama people which is committed by the PFDJ is not new but has " }, { "text": "history go back", "href": "/documents/fea10b1a351eccaf5f297638/" }, { "text": " before " }, { "text": "Idris Awate", "href": "/documents/201e450c326b0f7605387596/" }, { "text": " started the armed struggle. \n " }, { "text": "The legacy of Hamid Idris Awate, to the Eritrean „Gedli“ (struggle), seen, experienced and analysed from the Kunama perspective ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "The VKP/KAM", "href": "/documents/201e450c326b0f7605387596/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ": (September 30, 2009).", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "\nIn the 1960s the Kunamas people became" }, { "text": " the first victim of the ELF leaders.", "href": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamid_Idris_Awate" }, { "text": " According to " }, { "text": "Yosef ", "href": "/documents/4f542c59f840b7cbacbeca22/" }, { "text": " 2009, many houses with their inhabitants " }, { "text": "inside; men, women and children indiscriminately killed;", "href": "/documents/cf869da80f545b6bd5102dc0/" }, { "text": " entire fertile areas abandoned (later to be settled mainly by the Tigrignas), their cattle plundered and sold in Kessela; etc. Here is how the VK/ KAM team of the" }, { "text": " baden-kunama.com", "href": "/documents/ab112b28264f9bdd315e685c/" }, { "text": " website puts it “To a very considerable number of Kunama, who had not only known Hamid Idris Awate personally, but they had also had to abandon their land and villages set ablaze by him and their entire cattle raided and sold in the market places of Kassala (Sudan), the news of this same Hamid Idris Awate, been chosen as the leader of a national liberation movement was not only very surprising but profoundly shocking. As a continuation of this atrocity, in the early sixties (1960s) and late seventies (1970s), started to conduct retaliatory activities against the Kunama people, burning Kunama villages, even with their inhabitants inside their huts. " }, { "text": "VKP/KAM (", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "May 18, 2009) [" }, { "text": "About the background history of Hamid Idris Awate? October 30, 2012", "href": "http://kunama-agara.com/?p=490" }, { "text": ")" } ] }, { "id": "b-5f2518ba2ba4bf5d404b2f0a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/2/1/0/1/0/0", "start": 11990, "end": 12084 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "መግለጺ ባሕቲ ሓደ መስከረም 2012ዝደልዩ ደቂ ዓዋተ ዘይደልዩ ከA ደቂ ትሽዓተ ብሄራት [ቤት ጽሕፈት ዜናን ሓበሬታን ዲምሓኩኤ መስከረም 01 2012]" } ] }, { "id": "b-abfac0e39d45b146484aa9d6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/2/1/0/1/2/0", "start": 12105, "end": 12293 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "..\"ናይ Eድሪስ ዓዋተ ሃገራውነት (nationalism) ግን ኹሉ ኤርትራዊ ዝስማማዓሉ ዛEባ ኣይኮነን፡፡ ሽፍታ ስለ ዝነበረ ሃገራዊ ክብሃል ኣይግብAን ማለት ከA ቅኑE ኣይኮነን፡፡ ምኽንያቱ ሽፍታ ወይ ከA ጭውዝበለ Eሉልን ጸረ ህዝቢ ጸኒሑ ተቀይሩ ንሃገር ዝጠቅም ስራሕ Eንተፈጺሙ ንቅበሎ ጸጋ ስለ\n ዝኾነ፡፡ ንሓደ ሃገራዊ Eንተ ብፍላጥ ወይ ከA ንሕነ ህዝቢታት ሃገር ንዝጨፍጨፈ ገበነኛ ከም ሃገራዊ ምቅባልን ምስ መዓልቲ ናጽነት ብምትEስሳር ነቶም ግዳያት ክስEስU ምግባር ግንናይ ገበን ገበን Eዩ፡፡ ሓምድ Eድሪስ ዓዋተ ኣብ ልEሊ ብሄር ኩናማ ዘብጽሖ ህልቂት ከቢድIዩ፡፡ ሓቂ ዶ ሓሶት ንምርግጋጹ’ውን መጽናEትን ግዜን ክወሃብ ድኣሉ ዝግባE Eምበር\n ንሓደ ሸነኽ ንምኽሳብ ኣብዚ ናይ ገበን ታሪኽ ብምንጥልጣል ሓባራዊ ሃገራዊ ምርድዳE ኣብዘይበጸሕናዮ ጉዳይ ከም ናይ ኩሉ ኤርትራዊ ውራይ ጌርካ ምውሳድ Aብ ልEሊ መሰልዜጋታት ምEንዳር Iዩ።ዲሞክራሲያዊ ምንቅስቓስ ሓርነት ኩናማ ኤርትራ (ዲምሓኩኤ) ሓምድ Eድሪስ ዓዋተ AብልEሊ ብሄር ኩናማ ዘብጽሖ ህልቂት ካብ ዘይምፍላጥ ወይ ዓቕሚ ብምስኣን Aይኮነን ክሳብሕጂ ትም መሪጹ ዝጸንሐን፡ ሎሚ ከቃልሖ ዝመረጸውን ካብ ወትሩ ፉሉይ ዓቕሚ ስለዝረኸበን ስለዘዋህለለን ኣይኮነን፡፡ Eንታይ ድኣ ንቅሓት ሕብረተሰብ ኩናማን ሰዓብቱንAባላቱን Aብ ግምት ብምEታውን Aብ ሕሉፍ ታሪኽ ተንጠልጢሉ ነዚ ጉዳይ ቀዳማይAጀንዳ ቃልሲ ክገብር ስለዘይመረጸ ጥራይ Eዩ፡፡ ሓቂ ተቐቢሩ ስለዘይተርፍን ቅኑE ታሪኽመሰረት ቅኑE ሃገርን ህዝብን ምዃኑ ብምEማን ኣብ ጉዳይ ሃገራዊ ጅግንነታዊ ታሪኽ ሓምድ\n Eድሪስ ዓዋተ ብስርዓት ህግደፍ ዝተጠጅA ተንኮልን ብዓቢ ድምጺ ክቃላሕ ዝጸንሐድራማታትን ቃልE ንምውጻE ሕልናዊ ግዴታና ምዃኑ ኣሕዋት ኤርትራውያን ክርድUናበዓል ሙሉE ተስፋ Iና" }, { "text": "።\" Read mor", "href": "/documents/4de29431b839af4e4d6d5bdd/" }, { "text": "e" } ] }, { "id": "b-ba6794c67175bdbc2e919347", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/4/1/0/1/0/1", "start": 13403, "end": 13504 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "Crime committed against civilians by the ELF (Jebha) in the 1960s and 1970s", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-4608562bc2f631050c01d92b", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/4/1/0/1/0/3/0/0/0", "start": 13786, "end": 13908 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/81540c5599609665ebb69ad86798efc8d93e889b320302c06966b8eb9811c3e1.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [], "href": "http://assenna.com/the-eritrean-revolution-born-of-a-shifta-father-produced-a-shifta-system/" }, { "id": "b-5a25e8daeb04ee0743899ef4", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/6/1/0/1/0/0", "start": 14039, "end": 14168 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/ab05d1078a77da09bb598bc5311c55e4557a428763c6dd518a2b6f5d174a09c6.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-c3217c64f09f345f696031eb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/6/1/0/3/0", "start": 14195, "end": 14558 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The late Barambars Sila Abel Fagi 1974+\n The first Kunama SDO (Senior District Officer) of Barentu. \n A man of courage and total dedication to and commitment for the welfare and well-being of his Kunama people \n on whose behalf had to sacrifice his own life by falling victim of that ruthless Jebha command in the Kunama land. source " }, { "text": "baden-kunama.com", "href": "http://www.baden-kunama.com/Barambars%20Sila%20Abel%20Fag" } ] }, { "id": "b-8391a3929c154ffab2123ab3", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/6/1/2/1/0/0", "start": 14757, "end": 14888 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/6d44e49e6952698c24a2b6f1f8d470e8ad6a71860476507eb99dedbf7b0ea5f4.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-7e728d847cb1e050f39f5139", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/6/1/2/3/0", "start": 14915, "end": 15259 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "LT. Venanzio (Naite) Araia +1981. The late LT. Venanzio (Naite) Araia: One of the Kunama heroes, fallen victim, struggling against the recial hatred and discrimination against the Kunama people, perpetrated by the Jebha-Al-Teharir´s unit, operating in the Kunama land, from the early 1967 1982. source", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "baden-kunama.comi", "href": "http://www.baden-kunama.com/Barambars%20Sila%20Abel%20Fag" } ] }, { "id": "b-76d582ae92ad1af4328d3553", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/8/0", "start": 15498, "end": 16028 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Alexander Naty in his reaech paper \" potential conflict in the former Gash-Setit regine\" states that the killing of two Kunama brothers by a Tigrinnya policeman in Shambakko in 1995 was a symbolic reminder of the historical animosity between the Kunams people and the Eritrea Liberation Front. During the early 1960s the ELF killed a Kunama man from the village of Taikanaba .[", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Read more]", "href": "http://www.harep/ifaapr/Kunama_Conflicts_Alexander_.pdf", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-7c3939ba8e36a37e38174fd7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/10/0", "start": 16043, "end": 16177 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The people of the Red Sea area were also among the first groups to be victims of ELF; although the people waited patiently [" }, { "text": "read more", "href": "/documents/5982e44e13960c06e704101f/" }, { "text": "] In the 1960s the Red Sea Afar people also became victims of the ELF leaders, ccording to " }, { "text": "Afar Forum,", "href": "/documents/369e52cd89b363a0932d7027/" }, { "text": " many civilians mostly innocent children, the elderly and women were mass murdered and buried in a barbaric manner at a place called Nabro. That was the response the people got from the so called “liberators”. Afar Forum adds that. Some of the blind measures taken by the so called political groups are:-The Ramlo (Ar’anu) forced genocide in 1968 by ELF; The 1974 direct and indirect mass killings by ELF and The 1968 genocide by the EPLF in 1968 in a place called Bori Asela." }, { "text": "Source Destructive strategies of the EPLF regime", "href": "/documents/369e52cd89b363a0932d7027/" } ] }, { "id": "b-8c2412b40451a8eafcbf11ea", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/12/0", "start": 17171, "end": 17774 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In the 1960s there was a report of the ELF leadership crimes on highlanders. Megesteab (2005: 43) states that fifty Christian peasants were also executed at the behest of the ELF leadership . Another version of this story between 15 and 25 civilians were killed by the ELF in Shimbare, they were killed by vigilante off duty tegadelti of ELF, who were thought to be avenging after their village was burned by Ethiopian soldiers. (Araya 2005). However, the ELF leadership should be blamed for the death of civilians who were killed by the ELF fighters " }, { "text": "(tegadelti).", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-ef1bbbaa684b2eec68531ed5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/14/0", "start": 17810, "end": 17950 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብዕለት 20/11/1965 ዓ.ም. ድማ ሓንቲ “ብቐዳመይቲ ክፍሊ” እትፍለጥ፡ ብተጋዳላይ ማሕሙድ ዲናይ እትምራሕ ሓይሊ ተጋድሎ ሓርነት ኤርትራ (ተ.ሓ.ኤ.) ካብ ባርካ ተበጊሳ ናብ ቆሓይን ብምኻድ፡ ናብ ዓዲ ሓንስ ኣተወት።" } ] }, { "id": "b-5295897a60c3660c16655782", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/16/0", "start": 17959, "end": 18356 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሰራዊት ተ.ሓ.ኤ (ጀብሃ) ናብ ዓዲ ሓንስ ምስ ኣተዉ፡ ብቐጥታ ነቲ ህዝቢ ኣኪቦም፡ መደረ ከስምዑ ጀመሩ። ሻቡ ሓው ሻምበል ኣሰፋ ስላምሳ ዚኾኑ፡ ባሻይ በርሀ ስላምሳ ዚተባህሉ ምስሌነ ዓዲ ብድድ ኢሎም፡ “ስምዑ እዞም ደቀይ፡ ንስኻትኩም እንታዎት እኹም? ናብዙ ዓድና መምጺእኹም ምኽንያትከ እንታይ እዩ?” ክብሉ ተወከሱዎም። መራሒ ኣታ ክፍሊ ተ.ጋ. ማሕሙድ ዲናይ፡ “ንሕና ጀብሃ ኣልታሓሪር ኣል ኤለትርያ” ኢና ንብሃል፤ ንኣኻትኩም ናጻ ከነወጽእ ድማ ኢና መጺእና” በሎም። እኩብ ህዝቢ ዓዲ ሓንስ፡ እተን “ጀብሃ ኣልታሓሪር ኣል ኤለትርያ” ዝብላ ናይ ቋንቋ ዓረብ ቃላት፡ ትርጉመን ስለ ዘይተረድኦ ትሒም ትሒም በለ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-e864282822f7133a3764a252", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/18/0", "start": 18371, "end": 18795 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሻቡ ምስሌነ ዓዲ ዚነበሩ ባሻይ በርሀ ስላምሳ፡ “እሕሕ” ኢሎም ጎረሮኦም ድሕሪ ምጽራይ፡ “ስምዑ እዞም ደቀይ፡ ንሕና ደቂ ጋንዛይን ደማስን ደቂ ኣድከመ-ምልጋእ እና። ኣብ ትሕቲ እግዚኣብሄር ኣምላኽና ኴንና ከዓ ኣብ ሓቅን ፍትሕን ዝተመስረተን እንምርሓሉን ናትና ሕግን ናትና ባይቶን ኣሎና፣ በዙይ እናተዳነናን እናተመራሕናን ከዓመ ምስ ኩሉ ህዝቢ ብሰላም እንነብር ሓረስቶት እና። ስለዙይ ንሕና ፈታዊ’ምበር ጸላኢ የብልናን። ኣብ መሬትናን ዓድናን መጺኡ ዘሸግረና ሓይሊ ስለ ዘየለ ከዓ ብረትን ሓውን ኣየድልየናን እዩ። ስለዙይ፡ ንሎሚ ሽሻይና ተቛዲስኩም ኣብ ዓድና ውዒልኩም ሕደሩ፡ ጽባሕ ንግሆ ግን ካብዙ ቦታና ናብ ዝመጻእኩሞ ብሰላም ውጹልና!” በሉዎም።" } ] }, { "id": "b-8832f6f2a55f948e31354bed", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/20/0", "start": 18810, "end": 19209 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብድሕሪ’ዚ መራሒ እታ ሓይሊ፡ ነዚ ዝስዕብ ሕቶ ኣቕረበ፥ “ቅድሚ ክልተ ሰሙን ኣብዚ ከባቢ ናይ ተዂሲ ምቅይያራት ተጌሩ ነይሩ፣ ብዛዕባ’ዚ እንታይ ትፈልጡ?” ኪብል ተወከሶም። ሻቡ ሓደ ሽማግለ ካብቲ እኩብ ህዝቢ ብድድ ኢሎም፡ “እወ፡ ኣብ መንጎ ሰራዊት መንግስትን ገለ ዘይንፈልጦም ዕጡቓትን ኣብ በራቒት ዝጀመረ ረመጽ፡ ክሳብ’ዙ በረኻ ዓድና ልሒሙ ነሩ፡ ኣብ መወዳእትኡ ግን እቶም ዕጡቓት ሓደ ምዉት ገዲፎም ሃዲሞም ከይዶም፡” ክብሉ ምስ መለሱ፡ ሰራዊት ተ.ሓ.ኤ. ሰላሕ ኢሎም ካብቲ ዓዲ ብምውጻእ፡ ናብ በረኻታት እቲ ዓዲ ገጾም ተዓዝሩ፤ ህዝቢ ድማ በቲ ፍጻመ ንሓድሕዱ እናዕለለን እናዘተየን ነናብ ቤቱ ፋሕ በለ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-831731f1f00c65b528f41700", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/22/0", "start": 19224, "end": 19484 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ንጽባሒቱ ዕለት 21 ሕዳር 1965 ዓ.ም. ወጋሕታ ግን ኣብ ዓዲ ሓንስ ብሃንደበት ኣውያትን ዋጭዋጭታን ተሰምዐ። ሓይሊ ማሕሙድ ዲናይ፡ 130 ዝኾኑ ዕጡቓት ሒዛ ናብ ዓዲ ሓንስ ብምምላስ፡ ን36 ሰባት ብግፍዒ ቀተለት። ንምስሌነ ዓዲ ባሻይ በርሀ ስላምሳ ድማ ምስ ሻዱሻይ ርእሶም ናብ ማይ ጐርዞ ዝብሃል ቦታ ወሲዶም ምስ ጸጋይ ዝብሃል ወዶም ድሕሪ ምቕታል፡ ርእሲ ባሻይ በርሀ ስላምሳ ቆሪጾም ሒዞሞ ከዱ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-bba91b17439ad2ba6cadcdb1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/24/0", "start": 19499, "end": 19914 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብቲ ህልቂት ኣቶ ሃይለ ስላምሳ ዚተባህሉ ሓዎም ንባሻይ በርሀ ስላምሳ፡ በረምበራስ በራኺ፡ ኣቶ ሃይለ በራኺ፡ ኣቶ ኣየለ በራኺን ኣቶ መሓሪ በራኺን ዝተባህሉ ኣርባዕተ ኣሕዋት ደቂ ሓብቶም ንባሻይ በርሀን እውን ተቐትሉ። ኣውያት ዝሰምዑ፡ ኣብ ጎደቦ ዓዲ ሓንስ ዝርከቡ ዓድታት፡ ደወል ቤተ-ክርስትያን ወቒዖም ብጉያ ክረድኡ ናብ ዓዲ ሓንስ ተኣከቡ። ገለ ካብቶም ናብ ዓዲ ሓንስ ገጾም ዝጎየዩ ጎረባብቲ ዓድታት ድማ ናብ ዓዲ ሓንስ ቅድሚ ምእታዎም ሬሳ ሽዱሽተ ሰባት ኣብ መገዲ ወዲቑ ረኸቡ። በቲ ፍጻመውን ኣዝዮም ሰንበዱን ረዓዱን! ርእሲ ባሻይ በርሀ ስላምሳ እውን ብድሕሪኡ ንበይና ኣብ በረኻ ወዲቓ ብጓሶት ተረኺባ፡ ተኣርያ ናብ ዓዲ መጸት!" } ] }, { "id": "b-b8a9bef978c33f593bc676a5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/26/0", "start": 19929, "end": 20218 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ተጋደልቲ ጀብሃ ብተወሳኺ፡ 340 ከብቲ፡ 96 ኣእዱግ፡ ኣርባዕተ ኣፍራስ፡ ሽዱሽተ ኣባቕል፡ ናይ ዓዲ ሓንስ ዘሚቶም ብምውሳድ ኣብ ዕዳጋታት ከሰላ ሓረጁወን። ገለ ክፋል ናይ ዓዲ ሓንስ እውን ብሓዊ ኣቃጸሉዎ! እዚ ግፍዕታት’ዚ ክፍጸም ከሎ፡ ሻምበል ኣሰፋ ስላምሳ ዝርከቦም ገለ ደቂ ዓዲ ሓንስ፡ ኣብ ኣድያቦ ኣብ ማሕረስ ስለ ዝነበሩ ነቲ ጭካነ ዝመልኦ ግፍዒ ኣይተኻፈሉዎን። ኣማስያኡ ናብ ዓዶም ምስ ተመልሱ ግን እቲ ዘሐዝን ፍጻመ ተፈጺሙ ጸንሖም።" }, { "text": " read more", "href": "/documents/064ab22eba5c9c78f42f9255/" } ] }, { "id": "b-ca68a7ead570704be117abd4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/28/0", "start": 20350, "end": 21050 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Year 1967, the nightmare at Karkasha village: where Jebha forces, burnt to the ground, half of Karkasha village, including this writer’s family house and property; beat up the inhabitants of Karkasha and labelling them as “jawasis” meaning spies. Deliberately they set fire in a house, killing all 7 members of the same family. By then Karkasha was not an Ethiopian garrison. In fact, on that fateful day, it was Jabha’s temporary “difa or trench” to ambush the Ethiopian mobile forces, on Shambako/Barentu line, to hit and run. So why did they burn the village, property and human lives? Well, just hatred, discrimination and racism.", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " Read more", "href": "/documents/27186a9781a84d932e1c4348/" } ] }, { "id": "b-52445bf2932478934a00b640", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/30/0", "start": 21223, "end": 21364 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ghebrehiwet Haile", "href": "https://www.facebook.com/ghebrehiwet.haile.5?fref=ufi" }, { "text": " wrote on facebook comment, Thank you. I remember ELF executed 24 innocent civilian and burned the village Adi Hanse Quahyne Seraye 1967. ELF, EPLF they were all killer. Remember how many privately owned vehicles were stolen country infrastructure was destroyed by those so called freedom fighters. They were unfitted to lead at all . What do you expect for these thieves from day one. look what did Eritrean people got at the end only ever seen misery and death that is all. My best Wish to Eritrean people." } ] }, { "id": "b-223e81b7f462117bea81506c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/32/0", "start": 21893, "end": 21919 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The one who is sitting is " }, { "text": "killed", "href": "/documents/98fb9664a826b721fe0e1c74/" }, { "text": " by Jabha in keren his Name is Abdulqani Muhajab" } ] }, { "id": "b-eab440fbb41213afa1d02124", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/34/0", "start": 22092, "end": 22221 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/8963e04e8d5f79a379539ccdab4c154c681b9db298a14199ba4971b29cfde669.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-7d2162eed5558ed5d1afd0e3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/36/0", "start": 22236, "end": 22435 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Merhawi Kunfu in his article", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "the Eritrean Revolution: Born of a Shifta father, produced a Shifta system – part 2 and fina", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "also wrote", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-4829cf8105436478e614551e", "type": "quotation", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/38/0", "start": 22468, "end": 22915 }, "anchors": [], "blocks": [ { "id": "b-0162db73b40a0649394a7e47", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/38/0", "start": 22468, "end": 22915 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"The ELF committed genocide crimes against the innocent Christian Tigrigna right from the beginning of the armed struggle. Many villages and properties in Akeleguzay and Seraye such as Qohain were destroyed and looted. Many Christian peasants and traders were murdered in mass only for being Christians. I myself have lost a relative in the mass murder of 49 innocent peasants committed by the ELF in July 1967 in Shimbare, near Tokobya\"" } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-464d00613f960b8e7829d4e2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/40/0", "start": 22930, "end": 22955 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Furthermore, according to Human Rights Watch 1991:48, in 1971, 52 civilian villagers were burned to death in their huts in a village name Debre Sila by the ELF for non-payment of the ELF demands (Human Rights Watch1991:48). There was also another story on March7, 1971, the ELF plundered the village of Halib Menal, stealing many cattle, after the villagers had killed two ELF fighters while resisting an ELF attempt to occupy the village two day before. Individuals who failed to protect ELF property entrusted to them were also summarily executed." } ] }, { "id": "b-a47be7e5f21473877f43efb2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/42/0", "start": 23559, "end": 23675 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "There was a similar story about the atrocity against Ato Haile by the ELF at Wutuh in Summer (kiremti) 1971.\n According to the eye witness, Ato Haile (" }, { "text": "Chieka Adi", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " - Village Maaya), was shot down, in front of elders forcibly gathered, at a neighboring village Wutuh (where he was hiding as he could not meet their excessive request for money and other immoral demands). They ignored the elders appeal to set him free, by pledging them he would come up with their demands should he is given more time. At the time, they terrorized the gathered elders saying" }, { "text": " \"Deki halima, kab Tub adetatom tementilom teharidom, nisikhum dima kemzi kegatimekum iyu", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-b008225a38ae682529cd42fc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/44/0", "start": 24316, "end": 24522 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In 1975 there was also a story about 12 youths from Adi-Kehei area who had a plan to join the Front were wrongly killed as a spies by the ELF. Among those youths who were killed by the ELF:\n 1.Indemyze Mohammed\n 2 Hagos Ibrahim was known as wdi Ibrahim Nur, the owner of a shop in Adikehi." } ] }, { "id": "b-30193fca3357ec174fa2e658", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/4/3/44/0", "start": 24316, "end": 24522 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Furthermore, in 1976 there was a report of the execution of civilians by the ELF at Adi Aret village. According to the eyewitness, more than 10 civilians were wrongly killed as spies by the ELF in one day. He describes the way of their execution as followings. The victims were ordered to dig their own graves, thereafter they were blindfolded and stood on the edge of the graves before they were executed. After they were executed by firing squad their bodies were buried by the villagers from orders they received from ELF fighters. This was done deliberately to terrorise the villagers. There were many stories of atrocities against civilians by the ELF like these mentioned in the 1970s. Both the atrocities of 1975 and 1976 which were mentioned above took place in administrative Unit 10 (Akele-Guzai) where Seyoum Harasta (former ELF.RC chairman) was in charge.There was a story that the ELF had also killed people in Maymine Seray in the 1970s" } ] }, { "id": "b-3ef78e0d6dc2d55cb578387f", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/6/17/0", "start": 25933, "end": 26056 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/8a2119dc9a03875ad769c0ed1b603b36c109aa69fe22d4f81fa358727bedb122.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-a006aa29a2ec2844c4b33e2c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/8/7/0", "start": 26261, "end": 26472 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In 1975 Seyoum was appointed as political commissioner of ELF’s administrative Unit 10 (Akele-Guzai", "href": "/documents/05ef8e677fd8dfcf47373dd8/" }, { "text": ")" } ] }, { "id": "b-dc1a6b5fd1c07f2a0c0aaa47", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/0/0", "start": 26576, "end": 26580 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "??????", "href": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jDzHfbYppY&fbclid=IwAR0eM1nBCl6ZxWv9wVcmPVwjwVFA-xOl5pzrg_hBY4gvsJ6vr1GGbldjg84" } ] }, { "id": "b-3f717f9035bddccab31dbe62", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/1", "start": 26786, "end": 26792 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Excrept from", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " Responses to " }, { "text": "He And His Objectives", "href": "http://awate.com/he-and-his-objectives/" }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "February 13, 2012", "href": "http://awate.com/he-and-his-objectives/" }, { "text": " by " }, { "text": "Awate Team", "href": "http://awate.com/author/at/" }, { "text": " [http://awate.com/he-and-his-objectives/#comments]" } ] }, { "id": "b-4fbdd710fee5166b47c1ed17", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/10", "start": 27369, "end": 32044 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-31e3212f203fb0be136b87f8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/10/1/1/1/0", "start": 27453, "end": 27464 }, "anchors": [ "source-li-comment-7", "source-comment-7" ], "content": [ { "text": "Tesfa says:" } ] }, { "id": "b-8cf10e70ec06d601663eb129", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/10/1/1/3/0", "start": 27502, "end": 27654 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "February 16, 2012 at 8:45 am", "href": "http://awate.com/he-and-his-objectives/#comment-8647" } ] }, { "id": "b-3c56b161678639002b4715a3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/10/1/1/5/1/0", "start": 27711, "end": 27727 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Hello Awate team!" } ] }, { "id": "b-4373f53882a0876b44e25dd5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/10/1/1/5/3/0", "start": 27750, "end": 28879 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Yes, I consider still the awate website as the best among the Eritrean website. But this article is extremely biased and very fsr from the reali8ty we all exercised during our childhood!!!! How can you write “… Nehnan Elamanan came with allegations of grisly murders committed by what it called the “Jihadist” ELF against Christians; and after more than forty years, the allegations still circulate as truth among Isaias’ supporters. With time, the unsubstantiated allegation became urban legend, elevated to a myth, and further deepened the mistrust among Eritreans and to this day continues to divide Eritreans. …” The truth is: ELF was even worse than the jihadist. I myself had an explainable fear from ELF. They have slaughtered mostly christiens from the highland; the sistr of my grand mother was burned wiht her full assets. I participated as a teenager the funeral day of the beloved aunt of my father. The most interesting thing is, she was a famer who could neither write and read – just a very simple woman! This is only the pick of the berg/mountain." } ] }, { "id": "b-f3e4a88085e5a9b26fefee88", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/10/1/1/5/5/0", "start": 28902, "end": 28983 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I write this fact even if I hate existing regime in Eritrea. Facts remain facts!!!" } ] }, { "id": "b-63fcaa7f49fc079e12374789", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/10/1/1/5/7/0", "start": 29006, "end": 29232 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "You could have reasoned it out only as a starting and difficult initial phase of our struggle like every START made ELF many failure . Otherwise you go the risc to degradate the reputation you have earned." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-6a40bdd0471963f80a1e3936", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/10/3/1/1/1/0", "start": 29549, "end": 29566 }, "anchors": [ "source-li-comment-8", "source-comment-8" ], "content": [ { "text": "Wedimerhay says:" } ] }, { "id": "b-ef2f4270d0b82e538f03d1a3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/10/3/1/5/1/0", "start": 29682, "end": 29834 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "February 16, 2012 at 2:51 am", "href": "http://awate.com/he-and-his-objectives/#comment-8626" } ] }, { "id": "b-0f19be89f694cbc08c435bde", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/10/3/1/9/1/0", "start": 29949, "end": 30373 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I always enjoy awate.com’s articles from long time, but this article seems to me a bit favouring the ELF. The ELF was responsible for as much evil as Issayas did. The number of people slaughtered by the ELF and thrown in the fox hole (Gudgad wekaria) are too many not to mention how much our mothers have suffered under their liberated eara, the amount of confiscated properties (land and live stock).\n We all hate the current governmnet as it denied us the basic human rights and destroying our country economically, socially and politically. We have a purpose to attain ” A free Eritea were Eritreans live freely as long as they are Eritreans”. As much as we want this, we cannot distort history to suite us now for the current situation.\n It is now a dream that ELF was killing people using a knife. It is a reality that we have experienced in our neighbourhood. It is real that ELF has confiscated belongings. It is true that ELF depended on our mothers to live from day to day and they used force. It is true that ELF created many conflits in a previously peacefully coexisting communities.\n No dought the Nhanan Elamanan document is a destructive document, this article is also hurting as it try to justify the evils of the ELF that has affected many families lives permanently." } ] }, { "id": "b-236515e97474bbf983f6dd37", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/10/3/1/9/3/0", "start": 31370, "end": 31496 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I think let us not change history the exact the same way the Isaya regime did because it can weaken our struggle for democracy.\n With the short time that I have my emphasis is that the evils of both ELF and EPLF are beyond excusable and in an unreasonable magnitued.\n My advice to the Awate team is that, during struggle, many Moslim and Christian families were affected. The memory is not faded as it was hurtfull at family and country levels. If you are not sure about something rather display the message that is you are sure about" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-31f2d7d177aad34cc2d9561d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/12/0", "start": 32057, "end": 32075 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "EPLF " }, { "text": " (Shaebia )", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-974c52ad97882b114f362dee", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/12/3/1/0/1/0", "start": 32178, "end": 32300 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/f247ef79316622c4a575b408109396983c93e20444ab3584f9742a51fd57c38d.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-7aed06dbe7611b04a50aed06", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/14/0", "start": 32370, "end": 32451 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Crime committed against civilians by the EPLF in the 1970s and 1980s" } ] }, { "id": "b-75a2e8498fcd0a94d50d8820", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/16/0", "start": 32472, "end": 33377 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As a consequence of the ELF crimes committed against civilians as alleged by the EPLF in the 1960s and 1970s, many people joined the EPLF in the middle of the 1970s. This was because most of them thought that the EPLF was innocent of crimes However, the EPLF was not innocent. All crimes committed by the EPLF were kept secret and not known to all like of the ELF. The only people who had authority to know about the EPLF crimes were those members of the security unit like Teklay Aden and other high-ranking leaders from other departments. Regarding the EPLF crimes against civilians, Teklay Aden revealed that the fascist crimes of the EPLF were not limited to the rank and file. Other victims included innocent individuals who opposed the fascist practices of the organization and boldly exposed it to the masses." } ] }, { "id": "b-955e662c676b80214396f234", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/18/0", "start": 33392, "end": 33438 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Yosief Ghebrehiwet in his article \"" }, { "text": "Eritrean Independence: Is It Worth All the Sacrifice?", "href": "/documents/07adebd3c380e2d90089cb1b/" }, { "text": "\" wrote“In the 1980s, the EPLF had taken many underage kids including girls by force. Many of the kids returned home, some ran to the cities, many went to Tigray and others crossed the border to the Sudan. When parents were not able to bring their kids back and hand them to the EPLF, their crops were confiscated. This was during the worst famine of the 1980s. Although the yield of the crops was too little due to the lack of rain, the aim of this inhumane act was to kill the whole family unit by hunger. Many families had no choice but to migrate to Tigray in search of food but Tigray was equally a famine-stricken region during that time.” And this kind of atrocity was not confined to the EPLF, as the following quotation from the same person testifies: “…" } ] }, { "id": "b-02c046fbd117ad42ccc79a99", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/20/0", "start": 34413, "end": 35272 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As a child growing up in the vicinity of Areza, Seraye (during Jebha time) I had seen enough of the cruelty of this organization. When it had won the war against Kohain, it had confiscated thousands of their livelihoods cattle and brought many of them to our village. The shepherds of the village, including myself, had to take turns in looking after them until they were all slaughtered one by one. When it won the war against Dembelas, it did the same thing. I had seen the Raya Azebo POWs who were captured by Jebha in the seventies perish of disease, hunger and the few lucky ones who had survived were killed in cold blood during the 1978 retreat. I had seen many innocent Eritrean merchants (negado) been arrested and tortured. I had seen people being hanged in Areza … accused of spying for the Ethiopian regime without any proof …”" } ] }, { "id": "b-0da533b68cbdcfe9b201e654", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/22/0", "start": 35287, "end": 35291 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "During the liberation struggle many unarmed civilian also became the victims of the ELF and EPLF. Although all those crimes committed by the members of the National Guard (" }, { "text": "Halewa Sewra)", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " were kept secretly, Teclai Aden in his interview on December 23,1980 revealed that the EPLF killed hundreds of peasants. He adds that many peasants were taken by the members of National Guard and were executed." } ] }, { "id": "b-bbb6e2f0ac1e8f378f4247a0", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24", "start": 35738, "end": 37437 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-21cf536fe11e2d564c097e86", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24/1/1/1/1/0/1/0/0", "start": 35841, "end": 35872 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ato Fitwi Tesfazghi & Ogbamicahel Asgodom" } ] }, { "id": "b-fdebdc9e26de9d35621d6c10", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24/1/1/1/1/0/1/0/5", "start": 35936, "end": 36059 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/80bda86ad3ed3e813c34256ad8d10179166e4343829febb83f01ecd2b212319d.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-2f42e85bfa946e699b6c9659", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24/1/1/1/1/0/1/0/6", "start": 36060, "end": 36198 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/ff255e2992cd97a66b4d156e2480768b408e6eada9f45f1eef2a3f0d47d0af31.png", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-df621c169330a4bcc7b51733", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24/1/1/1/1/0/1/0/7", "start": 36199, "end": 36203 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Alem Tesfay (2003)", "href": "/documents/fd64487528994439bbbf25ed/" }, { "text": " listed name of 16 pensioners from Keren who were executed in late 1978 after taking them to Sahel as prisoners. Among of these prisoners were Ato Fitwi Tesfazghi & Ogbamicahel Asgodom" } ] }, { "id": "b-6acecbb790b5ced9fa2b58f2", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24/1/3", "start": 36665, "end": 37411 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-55b1302d4964550ad5f0014b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24/1/3/1/0", "start": 36686, "end": 36707 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tewelde Beyne", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": ": he was taken for « a short questioning » by the security apparatus of the EPLF in Keren, Eritrea, in August 1978." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-688a9b42e627744eb5f882fb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24/1/3/3/0", "start": 36848, "end": 36871 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Fitwi Tesfazghi", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-74048a51781c29e1657f6e2d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24/1/3/5/0", "start": 36894, "end": 36911 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Woldemariam Kelati" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-40b18779b5e0379a0ca16136", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24/1/3/7/0", "start": 36934, "end": 36943 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Hagos Mana" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-f976ea03c612f1364fb2a6e6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24/1/3/9/0", "start": 36966, "end": 36978 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Embāye Ghebru" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-f7e04fc6f78673f44561b28b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24/1/3/11/0", "start": 37001, "end": 37026 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Gebrekal Ghilu'u", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-b5ffc8c6b751d56f28e2b80b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24/1/3/13/0", "start": 37049, "end": 37074 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tenente ZaidHagos", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-00b17595f718fee2a7e778f2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24/1/3/15/0", "start": 37097, "end": 37110 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Melake Beraki" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-0337b7b8490d6bc90c6fff98", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24/1/3/17/0", "start": 37133, "end": 37209 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ogbamicahel Asgodom [the father of two martyr Ghidey and Mesgna Ogbamichael]" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-ffa823b744a353bc17b3b5b8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24/1/3/19/0", "start": 37232, "end": 37244 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Berhane Hadgu" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-8abd95d91b9f03e030da1ac8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24/1/3/21/0", "start": 37267, "end": 37284 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ghebrehiwet Kinfe" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-56287861fc70ee0748f75575", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24/1/3/23/0", "start": 37307, "end": 37319 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mohamed Omar" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-cd7ea595bd7bb43be178cbe9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24/1/3/25/0", "start": 37342, "end": 37355 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Negash Sibhat" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-b078722edab02c4d976cc83e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1/24/1/3/27/0", "start": 37378, "end": 37390 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Omar Bekhit" } ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-cdbf73e23aab5e3899b15a68", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/12/1/0", "start": 37489, "end": 37493 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Background information about those prisoners who were taken from Keren by the EPLF in 1978." } ] }, { "id": "b-3156c48dd2f88eaaa07a9bda", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/12/1/4/0", "start": 37618, "end": 38272 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tewolde Beyn (Beyene Asfedai) was taken for « a short questioning » by the security apparatus of the EPLF in Keren, Eritrea, in August 1978. Later he was taken to Sahel, northern Eritrea with the following police pensioners in addition to Idris Mohamed Abdala, alias « Echet Hina » (a Tigre ballad singer known for his pro-ELF songs) were taken to Sahel as prisoners: Embaye Ghebru, Ghebresadiq Ghilu'u, Melake Beraki, Ogbamichael, Fitwi Tesfazghi, Woldemariam Kelati, Berhane Hadgu, Ghebrehiwet Kinfe, Mohamed Omar, Negash Sibhat, Omar Bekhit, Hadgu Mana, Tenente Zaid. \n " }, { "text": "Read more", "href": "/documents/1a81827e45d15c2557fbef91/" } ] }, { "id": "b-d47d95d0f510c9892d78172f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/9/0", "start": 38546, "end": 38625 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Brief background information about Tewolde Beyne Asfedai", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-2ae3892b1d4f1d9589a618e1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/0/0", "start": 38784, "end": 38817 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Leteab Tewolde Beyn wrote", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": ":" } ] }, { "id": "b-f24cb267a512138c9d9235d8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/0/0", "start": 38784, "end": 38817 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Tewolde Beyn was reputed among the early ELM/" }, { "text": "mahber-shewate", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " members for having saved many lives from imminent\n death or life imprisonment way back in 1959-60 (living witnesses include long-time fighters like Omar Mohamed Yahya, and Omar Haj Idris). It was also reported that a number of ELA fighters were released from prison\n cells in Keren by misleading their interrogators with pieces of advicegiven them by my father. (E.g. two fighters in 1964 dared to take the bus from Ghinda to Keren where they were suspected and detained. " } ] }, { "id": "b-f109acb413ba35eff61956b5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/0/0", "start": 38784, "end": 38817 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " They were advised to say that they were water porters in Om Hager and that the callosity shown on their shoulders was not caused by Abu Asheras of jebha but by the heavy water containers they carried at their workplace. My father was so much liked by the fighters that the ELF in 1970 asked the people to give theirvotes for Ethiopian parliamentary elections not to those pro-Ethiopian candidates but to Tewolde Beyn. Among latter-day events mentioned in the\n said article was the fact that my father took active part in the resignation of all 23 Eritreans in the Ethiopian parliament after the massacre of many Eritreans at Om Hager in July 1974. That resignation was widely reported in the international press and helped to give not only a much wanted attention to the struggle, but also encouraged many Eritreans to join their revolution." } ] }, { "id": "b-f29b33a80ed72a8d490fc3fd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/2/0", "start": 40442, "end": 41095 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "PS : I would wish that you and other human rights conscious Eritreans encourage Eritrean jurists to help establish a fact finding commission to investigage, at least for the recod, all human rights abuses not only of\n the Ethiopians against Eritreans but also of Eritrean organizations against their own people during the past four to five decades. That may help discourage at the present and in the future of any gross violations of human rights by Eritrean political actors, whether they are «legitmate » authorities or « illegal » opposition forces." } ] }, { "id": "b-93a92786dd580d9d79f78f4d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/2/0", "start": 40442, "end": 41095 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Haftkhi\n ", "href": "/documents/1a81827e45d15c2557fbef91/" }, { "text": "Leteab Tewolde Beyn" } ] }, { "id": "b-b7aa852fd12700ff2f4c519b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/4/0", "start": 41266, "end": 41488 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Source [DEHAI] EPLF's ? short questioning ? Petition for the Release of Reported Prisoners in Eritrea", "href": "/documents/1a81827e45d15c2557fbef91/" }, { "text": " \n From: Freweini Ghebresadick (view other messages by this author)* Date: Sat, 21 Aug 1999 17:04:55" } ] }, { "id": "b-1f83a18bec8d502f826806f2", "type": "record-list", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/6", "start": 41621, "end": 43711 }, "anchors": [], "caption": [], "records": [ { "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/6/1/0", "start": 41644, "end": 42258 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/6/1/0/1", "start": 41659, "end": 41668 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/6/1/0/3", "start": 41680, "end": 42244 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-0f92e594958eb57caa3746ea", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/6/1/0/3/0", "start": 41684, "end": 41838 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mr. Berhane Ezekiel " }, { "text": "1985 killed by EPLF", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "The second Kunama SDO (Senior District Officer) of Barentu.", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "\n A man of courage and total dedication to and commitment for the welfare and well-being of his Kunama people \n on whose behalf had to sacrifice his own life by falling victim of that ruthless Shabia command in the Kunama land." }, { "text": " baden-kunama.comi", "href": "http://www.baden-kunama.com/berhane-ezekiel.html" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/6/1/2", "start": 42268, "end": 43688 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/6/1/2/1", "start": 42283, "end": 42482 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-e126e11397b9525ced4bd802", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/6/1/2/1/0/0", "start": 42290, "end": 42412 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/08df6a3b397c725e9b577e0920b28481ad6f42949023481f65122d9316759f96.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-307b9fb46395267407794366", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/6/1/2/1/0/1", "start": 42413, "end": 42417 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Dr. Yassin Aberra", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/6/1/2/3", "start": 42494, "end": 43674 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-2c87d265abce961ecdeb9533", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/6/1/2/3/0/1/0", "start": 42519, "end": 42532 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ዶክቶር ያሲን ኣበራ ተቐቲሎም\n ስለምንታይ ከ ተቐቲሎም?\n መወዳእታ ጥሪ (January) 1991 ኣብ ኣፍደገ ናጽነት ኤርትራ ዝተበጽሔ እዋን እዮም ንገዝኦም እናኸዱ ተቐቲሎም፡፡ ቀተልቶም ከኣ ሃገር ዝቐበጹ ዓሳክር ደርግ ዘይኮኑ ዓሳክር እቶም ብጉልባብ ናጽነት ኤርትራዊ\n መንነት ከጽንቱ ዝዓጠቑ እክብካብ ሸፋቱ ሎሚ ብህግደፍ ዝፍለጡ እዮም፡ እቲ መቕተልቲ! ብጉልባብ ጃሱስነት (ሓሳዊ) ናይ ስርዓት ደርግ ክጉልብብዎ ስለ ዝደለዩ ጠቐርቲ ሸፋቱ ኾይኖም እምበር\n ዶክቶር ያሲን ሕቡን ኤርትራዊ ብኤርትራዊ እምነቶም ነቕ ዘይብሉ ኣብ መሰረት ኤርትራ ንኤርትራውያን ዝተጨረሓሉ ዘገስገሰሉ ዘበገሰሉ ስድራቤትን ገዛን ተወሊዶም ዝዓበዩ መን ምኻኖም እቶም ዘርከብናሎምን\n ዝፈለጥናዮምን ዓውን ግትርን ኢልና እንምስክረሎም እዮም፡፡ “ኣለና እወ ናይ ብሓቂ ኣለና”\n ኣብ ዘመነ ብረታዊ ቃልሲ!\n ኣብ ኤርትራ ኣሽንኳይዶ ምሁር ኣብ ዝለዓለ ጸፍሕታት ትካላት መንግስቲ ዝሰርሕ እሞ ንቃልሲ ኤርትራ ዓንቃፊ ክበሃል፡ ዓርኪ ዓስከር ኢትዮጵያ ኢኻ ተባሂሎም ዕለታዊ ተዛሕዚሖም እዮም እሞ ዶክቶር ያሲን\n ዕስኩር ስርዓት ኢትዮጵያ ነይሮም እንተዝኾኑ እንታይ ንሰላሳ ዓመት ዝኸውን እዋን ንምቕታሎም ኣጸበየ?Read more" }, { "text": "እታ መፍትሕ ኣብ ኢድና እያ ዘላንጠቐመላ ከይመረተት እንከላ ", "href": "/documents/165c589162a6d045c6a150ca/" }, { "text": "[Source " }, { "text": "http://togoruba.org]", "href": "http://togoruba.org/togoruba1964/mainTogorubamap/mainMap/headingMap/tigrigna/2010/articlesDec/2912GK1-05AT.pdf" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-86d56511d14db6334590b66e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/8/0", "start": 43722, "end": 43828 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "To conclude, during the liberation struggle thousands of civilians not only became victims of the \n Ethiopian government but also victims of the ELF and EPLF. There are many stories about crimes committed against the civilians by both fronts (ELF and EPLF). Unfortunately many stories are not recorded apart from a few reported by Human Rights Watch 1991; Megesteab 2005; Yonas Aray 2005; Teklay Aden 1980; Freweini Ghebresadick 1999; Alem Tesfay 2004." } ] }, { "id": "b-bcc0fc57a7e58c5b610d3d08", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/10/0", "start": 44257, "end": 44490 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Former revolutionary leaders who are serving in the Eritrean government or in the Oppostion leaders were also collaborated indirectly with the enemy in committing crimes against the Eritrean people, evidence of this can be seen below." } ] }, { "id": "b-50a09ee92dc125b9fa4d0f4c", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/12/1/0/1/0", "start": 44544, "end": 44667 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/bccdf6421618857f0ee15e5306d0a4bf6ed6d159b3888f1e86b44798a91363f2.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-956b92a9022310e7518f2204", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/12/1/0/3/0", "start": 44688, "end": 44720 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Despite " }, { "text": "the", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " Ethiopia army killed many civilians", "href": "/documents/067f8a49cf22ccef9a4030fc/", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " from Arafali, Atshoma, ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "Ona", "href": "/documents/cc0845da72f6d3763fc0b0df/", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " etc.", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " and burnred their villages between 1967 and the early 1970s, Issays " }, { "text": "held secret", "href": "/documents/8198020f6c51b30ee543c0bc/", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " talks with the CIA ", "href": "/documents/8198020f6c51b30ee543c0bc/" }, { "text": "in order to eliminate the ELF which he achieved in 1981. Regarding his secret meeting with the CIA, Amar(2004) states that Wodi Giorg , who was at the meeting with Issays and Col. Mamuzer Copland on 2 Jun 1981ly 1970(note), had an interview with the local press in Addis which appeared in an Amharic newspaper called \"Senay\", volume 1 number 3 of February 1993. A short while later, Wodi Giorgio was shot dead in front of his Addis Ababa house in order to keep the meeting secret. " }, { "text": "Weldemariam Abraham", "href": "/documents/8bc9b2ea2f21742af4504840/" }, { "text": " also added that Asrate Kassa had wanted to get rid of Haile Selassie and wanted a military wing of his own. He did not trust the Ethiopian military and wanted his own secret army started by Isayas who was entrusted by the Americans and Israel, to Eritrean front. And in the other hand bring chaos in the Eritrean struggle, bringing animosity between Christians and Muslims, and in regionalism." } ] }, { "id": "b-51e67f23a70791694129f113", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/12/1/0/5/0", "start": 46560, "end": 46682 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/90a1ee08d4b9b035e4fd7b3b42675482b03cc40f51b8aa70699869020b89a780.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-4f44d326b333ce31dfa99e1d", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/14/1/0/1/0", "start": 46780, "end": 46905 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/69b2e808606905914c03a6bc9754a5671707c92a3c452b9fa226782470d8c55b.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-c62ee8c13bd2d9a92bce8162", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/14/1/0/3/0", "start": 46926, "end": 46926 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "There are still fresh in the memory of every Eritrean the events of May, 1988 when" }, { "text": " ", "href": "/documents/5555f4a3fc95e72d04ff713d/" }, { "text": " the Ethiopian forces crushed to death 400 people,", "href": "/documents/5555f4a3fc95e72d04ff713d/", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " mostly women and children when their tanks rolled into", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "the village of She'eb.", "href": "/documents/5a1a83e7cf51a9bbbe370a1b/", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " Despite this atrocity was committed by the Mengistu government, from late 1986 until about 1989 the" }, { "text": " ELF leader Abdella Idris", "href": "/documents/26f21c2e42fbbd963ada6374/" }, { "text": " was involved in negotiating with the Mengistu government (" }, { "text": "De, Waal 1991:252", "href": "http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RcVFXUwraxsC&pg=PA240&dq=Alex+de+Waal+evil++day+thirty+years+of+war&hl=en&ei=H83-S9b7KaCL4gbtv7mSDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" }, { "text": ") As" }, { "text": " the progress of this could be ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "the Mengistu regime in late 1988 met with five former ELF members (who claimed to represent 750,000 Eritreans) to accept their proposal for the creation of an autonomous Eritrean region in the predominantly Muslim lowlands." } ] }, { "id": "b-12bd6595c5b1f907d6f552ff", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/14/1/0/5/0/0", "start": 48548, "end": 48672 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/cc940257e04f44fa2c2ff6941d3d6091528be2b43274481a0ff63f1bbc9a69bd.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-6c331fcc30321a065aaa0ada", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/16/1/0/1/0", "start": 48779, "end": 48903 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/d2a1f74f38f583492db5d66ecdbd61a1d26d9e2c8ec2377ff35101486dc3cf11.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-230241a914cd54d338b7e2ed", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/16/1/0/3/0/0", "start": 48927, "end": 49296 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "During the liberation struggle many innocent liberation fighters and civilians became victims of the former revolutionary leaders who are currently serving in the Eritrean government or in the Opposition. The opposition leaders are not innocent of crime. They like the PFDJ leaders whom they are accusing of committing crimes against the Eritrean people " }, { "text": "since 1991", "href": "/documents/1b916226a34e23ca163e51ab/" }, { "text": ". are also guilty." } ] }, { "id": "b-99d45e254c23f8cd36ba1ff5", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/16/1/0/5/0", "start": 49467, "end": 49595 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/91051ed9a947220b127c94dedc6133739a8fef45e8ba1c1db899c5aa54bf2507.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-5ae9860816904ad5f7b80fdf", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/17", "start": 49638, "end": 49698 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Excrept from Responses to He And His Objectives " }, { "text": "February 13, 2012", "href": "http://awate.com/he-and-his-objectives/" }, { "text": " by " }, { "text": "Awate Team", "href": "http://awate.com/author/at/" }, { "text": " [http://awate.com/he-and-his-objectives/#comments] " }, { "text": "Mahmud Mohammed", "href": "/documents/158a6cb3d9f34e205f045fa8/" }, { "text": " says Thanks Awate! " }, { "text": "the darkest side of our struggle", "href": "/documents/1f39c3407985bec97650e4b1/" }, { "text": " history must be revealed regardless of who committed what but it is very crucial to teach our kids about their history. History should not be distorted or inclined but the truth must be said on heaven's fall. Esyas is not the only criminal we have had however there are many hidden criminals who slept on Eritrean blood. Some have committed mistakes without knowing or forced to do by their superiors, some have joined the struggle for personal interest and as servants of the foreigners, some were deeply mislead by their bigoted commanders who were motivated by regional and religious points of view. However, there must be a balance between the incidents happened and the golden age lost in serving Eritrea and Eritreans. We have to look on the positive sides too!" } ] }, { "id": "b-1d1829b90a2466f188907a7c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/26/0", "start": 51116, "end": 51321 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The author also appeals to all former members of the ELF and EPLF who survived the war to tell the public the truth about the ELF and EPLF leadership’s crimes against civilians." } ] }, { "id": "b-533947266d3a0760f36ae563", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/20/15/0", "start": 51598, "end": 51763 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "EPLF/PFDJ crimes after liberation", "href": "/documents/2d88170e332fdc8c37e528e1/" } ] } ], "anchors": { "apDiv1": "source-apDiv1", "apDiv2": "source-apDiv2", "apDiv3": "source-apDiv3", "apDiv4": "source-apDiv4", "apDiv8": "source-apDiv8", "apDiv9": "source-apDiv9", "apDiv10": "source-apDiv10", "apDiv11": "source-apDiv11", "apDiv13": "source-apDiv13", "apDiv15": "source-apDiv15", "apDiv18": "source-apDiv18", "apDiv5": "source-apDiv5", "apDiv6": "source-apDiv6", "apDiv7": "source-apDiv7", "apDiv12": "source-apDiv12", "li-comment-7": "source-li-comment-7", "comment-7": "source-comment-7", "li-comment-8": "source-li-comment-8", "comment-8": "source-comment-8" }, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/0", "start": 0, "end": 160 }, "text": "", "text_sha256": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855", "reason": "Inherited EHREA site header/banner/navigation", "evidence": "Positioned apDiv template wrapper: repeated logo/banner/prison-menu/index/search/date chrome before document content; 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http://martinplaut.wordpress.com/2014/09/24/remarkable-courage-the-flight-from-eritrea/ “I cannot live without freedom.” This was how Henok Tekle, a young Eritrean explained just why he was driven to escape from his country not once, but twice! Henok – like thousands of his countrymen and women managed to make the extraordinary journey from Eritrea through Sudan and Libya. He was shot at by border guards and almost drowning on his way to Malta. “The waves were over our heads,” he said. “The captain wanted to abandon ship, with the only life-vest, but he was grabbed by a refugee, who would not let him go.” Finally they made it to Malta, but rather than treated as refugees, they were imprisoned before being taken by troops to a plane and forcibly repatriated back to the Eritrean capital, Asmara.”You will be deported,” a Maltese officer told him. His punishment was to be sent to the Dahlak Islands which contain some of Eritrea’s most notorious prison camps. There, in conditions of 50 degrees centigrade and given just six cups of water a day, he survived for more than a year on a daily diet of little more than one helping of bread. Some of the 600 prisoners with him died, he said; some during torture, others of disease. Panadol was the only drug the doctor at the prison would prescribe. From there Henok was sent to Sawa – Eritrea’s military training base. But despite his past experiences, he was determined to escape and seizing his chance he crossed the border once more, making it to the Sudanese capital, Khartoum. There, because of his extraordinary history, he finally managed to persuade the UN refugee agency to find him a safe haven in Britain, where he is now rebuilding his life. The tenacity and courage of Eritrean refugees escaping from their country was highlighted in a seminar held at Amnesty International in London. The scale of this is highlighted by the UNHCR’s figures: more than 300,000 Eritreans are now refugees. Almost as many Eritreans are captured by the European Union’s border agency as Syrians – and Eritrea is not a country at war! source http://martinplaut.wordpress.com/2014/09/24/remarkable-courage-the-flight-from-eritrea/", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "1c681a42c64f4246dc6c3519", "source_sha256": "d4b8b876e78bc1f2a3ecad3c93d5bacf4321e84af7bd260f9944726e6480c82e", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-6e729a39f84a91a657e087f1", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/0", "start": 0, "end": 51 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "Remarkable courage: the flight from Eritrea" } ] }, { "id": "b-9fa3dda95e845f8594ce2d10", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/0", "start": 58, "end": 58 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Martin Plaut", "href": "http://martinplaut.wordpress.com/author/martinplaut/" }, { "text": " / " }, { "text": "4 days ago ", "href": "http://martinplaut.wordpress.com/2014/09/24/remarkable-courage-the-flight-from-eritrea/" }, { "text": " souece http://martinplaut.wordpress.com/2014/09/24/remarkable-courage-the-flight-from-eritrea/" } ] }, { "id": "b-a710f77358caacebac7e9a69", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/0", "start": 481, "end": 640 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“I cannot live without freedom.” This was how Henok Tekle, a young Eritrean explained just why he was driven to escape from his country not once, but twice!" } ] }, { "id": "b-859cad48218d80bcd3f18d0c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/3/0", "start": 651, "end": 784 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Henok – like thousands of his countrymen and women managed to make the extraordinary journey from Eritrea through Sudan and Libya." } ] }, { "id": "b-c3535a7051b4a826ab76fa82", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/5/0", "start": 793, "end": 864 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He was shot at by border guards and almost drowning on his way to Malta." } ] }, { "id": "b-9ec7d56aab4a87e6f9cb0dc2", "type": "quotation", "source": { "path": "/4/7/0", "start": 875, "end": 1041 }, "anchors": [], "blocks": [ { "id": "b-8a9bbeac4c670b589bf79264", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/7/0", "start": 875, "end": 1041 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“The waves were over our heads,” he said. “The captain wanted to abandon ship, with the only life-vest, but he was grabbed by a refugee, who would not let him go.”" } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-90909bf3a52f801a4108079e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/9/0", "start": 1052, "end": 1299 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Finally they made it to Malta, but rather than treated as refugees, they were imprisoned before being taken by troops to a plane and forcibly repatriated back to the Eritrean capital, Asmara.”You will be deported,” a Maltese officer told him." } ] }, { "id": "b-e093cd8ac66ca77291c99af0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/11/0", "start": 1310, "end": 1346 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "His punishment was to be sent to the " }, { "text": "Dahlak Islands", "href": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahlak_Archipelago" }, { "text": " which contain some of Eritrea’s most notorious prison camps." } ] }, { "id": "b-be7e4e4721f12bb4b9c741c2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/13/0", "start": 1551, "end": 1730 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "There, in conditions of 50 degrees centigrade and given just six cups of water a day, he survived for more than a year on a daily diet of little more than one helping of bread." } ] }, { "id": "b-06ca7f84036287106d1179b9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/15/0", "start": 1739, "end": 1899 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Some of the 600 prisoners with him died, he said; some during torture, others of disease. Panadol was the only drug the doctor at the prison would prescribe." } ] }, { "id": "b-339fb5779ff69020cc6fd4ab", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/17/0", "start": 1910, "end": 2147 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "From there Henok was sent to Sawa – Eritrea’s military training base. But despite his past experiences, he was determined to escape and seizing his chance he crossed the border once more, making it to the Sudanese capital, Khartoum." } ] }, { "id": "b-b171cee8269a330df2d527c4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/19/0", "start": 2158, "end": 2332 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "There, because of his extraordinary history, he finally managed to persuade the UN refugee agency to find him a safe haven in Britain, where he is now rebuilding his life." } ] }, { "id": "b-dfe3c04ac7bdd79f7c644e87", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/21/0", "start": 2343, "end": 2489 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The tenacity and courage of Eritrean refugees escaping from their country was highlighted in a seminar held at Amnesty International in London." } ] }, { "id": "b-7c14a25a8c33416fdc6ed768", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/23/0", "start": 2500, "end": 2733 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The scale of this is highlighted by the UNHCR’s figures: more than 300,000 Eritreans are now refugees. 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"/testmony-v2/doc-1d4013df7ba8ca7bfe459aa5/", "kind": "html", "title": "Eritrea: Reliable news, analysis & information by awate - \"Crime\" & Punishment In Eritrea", "original_title": "Eritrea: Reliable news, analysis & information by awate - \"Crime\" & Punishment In Eritrea", "title_provenance": { "policy": "ehrea-display-titles-v1", "method": "preserved-source-title" }, "editorial_title": false, "title_review_required": false, "alternate_titles": [ "Eritrea: Reliable news, analysis & information by awate - \"Crime\" & Punishment In Eritrea" ], "language": "en", "author": "Name Withheld (Eritrea)", "byline": "Name Withheld (Eritrea)", "byline_role": "Author", "date": "Jun 05, 2004", "metadata_evidence": [ { "field": "credit", "value": "Name Withheld (Eritrea)", "source_excerpt": "\"Crime\" & Punishment In Eritrea By Name Withheld (Eritrea) - Jun 05, 2004 I read many times in your articles \"helicopter\" a", "original_sha256": "f375d17551dedb79905c1bb9c9c722edc66d4c0bb10c98e733bf06d2c3d55ace" }, { "field": "date", "value": "Jun 05, 2004", "source_excerpt": "\"Crime\" & Punishment In Eritrea By Name Withheld (Eritrea) - Jun 05, 2004 I read many times in your articles \"helicopter\" as inhumane puni", "original_sha256": "f375d17551dedb79905c1bb9c9c722edc66d4c0bb10c98e733bf06d2c3d55ace" } ], "text": "\"Crime\" & Punishment In Eritrea By Name Withheld (Eritrea) - Jun 05, 2004 I read many times in your articles \"helicopter\" as inhumane punishment. I intend to inform you of other types of cruelties the PFDJ is committing on its forced conscripts. Some are below. (1) Helicopter ?The soldier would be made to lie on his chest and his elbow is tied twisted to his back. His/her feet is also folded back and tied together. The victim whose hand and feet tied on his/her back looks a helicopter. He may stay in that position for three or more days. Milk may be poured on the victim so that flies would bite him/her. Or he may be made to roll on mud. (2) Jesus Christ ? The soldier would lean over a tree. If there is no tree around, a big log is used. (We used to carry one log for that purpose whenever we move.) Then, two hands would be tied together with the tree. The two feet would also be tied the same way. Usually a place on an edge of an escarpment would be chosen. The victim will stay in that position for three or more days, untied only for meal. (3) Tear & Burn: The soldier would be forced to run barefoot on sharp stones, usually at noon, on hot places (4) Mosquito Lake: The soldier would strip to his pants only and forced to spend a night or more locked in a mosquito populated area. An example would be a bathing /washing places. (5) Shave & Shoot: The punishment for women deserters is to have their heads shaved. Men would be executed. This was practiced until 2000. (6) Deny & Isolate: A victim who intentionally injured himself/herself would be denied medical treatment and isolated. By the way, it is not uncommon to see people who commit self-injury because the Eritrean army has a substantial number of psycho pathetic, epileptic, diabetic and asthmatic peoples who are very much stressed and poorly medicated. (7) Kfel (pay up): The soldier is forced to pay the price of any armament and tools he/she lost or is missing, for whatever reason. I remember a platoon paying for water tankers lost due to flooding. (8) Sdrabet (Family): If a soldier escapes to Ethiopia, the soldier?s mother, father, sister, brother son or daughter is arrested for a month or longer. These are just some of the punishments practiced. There is no written rule and regulation to implement these punishments. The soldier does not expect a certain punishment for particular misdeeds. It all depends on the commander of the unit on when and how to punish. The commander can inflict any of the above-mentioned punishments for whatever misdeeds.", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "1d4013df7ba8ca7bfe459aa5", "source_sha256": "cf08dba88dae7a2ae205eb1073bb24a74b28ad93b8e55d445def750d80e79a37", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-cb98b78a75d1a50752e817a1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/0", "start": 5643, "end": 5697 }, "anchors": [ "source-top" ], "content": [ { "text": "\"Crime\" & Punishment In Eritrea" } ] }, { "id": "b-25e5635fb4e4ce9d9ea74b51", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/1/1/0", "start": 6566, "end": 6639 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "By Name Withheld (Eritrea) - Jun 05, 2004" } ] }, { "id": "b-4e5ada792bf81c9b619088a7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/1/0", "start": 6890, "end": 7167 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I read many times in your articles \"helicopter\" as inhumane punishment. I intend to inform you of other types of cruelties the PFDJ is committing on its forced conscripts. Some are below." } ] }, { "id": "b-18f1b4327c724b32f53a487e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/3/0", "start": 7194, "end": 7253 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "(1) Helicopter", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": " ?The soldier would be made to lie on his chest and his elbow is tied twisted to his back. His/her feet is also folded back and tied together. The victim whose hand and feet tied on his/her back looks a helicopter. He may stay in that position for three or more days. Milk may be poured on the victim so that flies would bite him/her. Or he may be made to roll on mud." } ] }, { "id": "b-a5682efa2463a29fe9b85c49", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/5/0", "start": 7795, "end": 7856 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "(2) Jesus Christ", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": " ? The soldier would lean over a tree. If there is no tree around, a big log is used. (We used to carry one log for that purpose whenever we move.) Then, two hands would be tied together with the tree. The two feet would also be tied the same way. Usually a place on an edge of an escarpment would be chosen. The victim will stay in that position for three or more days, untied only for meal." } ] }, { "id": "b-8e1569043fc3bddf839f8b96", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/7/0", "start": 8422, "end": 8487 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "(3) Tear & Burn:", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": " The soldier would be forced to run barefoot on sharp stones, usually at noon, on hot places" } ] }, { "id": "b-597ea32b82efb0a847c29e32", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/9/0", "start": 8672, "end": 8735 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "(4) Mosquito Lake:", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": " The soldier would strip to his pants only and forced to spend a night or more locked in a mosquito populated area. An example would be a bathing /washing places." } ] }, { "id": "b-385b069c0c1b5a64f9d4d2a8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/11/0", "start": 9008, "end": 9076 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "(5) Shave & Shoot: ", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": " The punishment for women deserters is to have their heads shaved. Men would be executed. This was practiced until 2000." } ] }, { "id": "b-2f9d2103d647e4e5bf2740ad", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/13/0", "start": 9335, "end": 9404 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "(6) Deny & Isolate: ", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": "A victim who intentionally injured himself/herself would be denied medical treatment and isolated. By the way, it is not uncommon to see people who commit self-injury because the Eritrean army has a substantial number of psycho pathetic, epileptic, diabetic and asthmatic peoples who are very much stressed and poorly medicated." } ] }, { "id": "b-31b6a09a1652f44b19683be6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/15/0", "start": 9915, "end": 9978 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "(7) Kfel (pay up):", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": " The soldier is forced to pay the price of any armament and tools he/she lost or is missing, for whatever reason. I remember a platoon paying for water tankers lost due to flooding." } ] }, { "id": "b-926cfbcace5759778dd284f1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/17/0", "start": 10276, "end": 10341 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "(8) ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Sdrabet (Family)", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": ": If a soldier escapes to Ethiopia, the soldier?s mother, father, sister, brother son or daughter is arrested for a month or longer." } ] }, { "id": "b-7c4c8e779f67021c75deb2d7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/19/0", "start": 10618, "end": 11131 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "These are just some of the punishments practiced. There is no written rule and regulation to implement these punishments. The soldier does not expect a certain punishment for particular misdeeds. It all depends on the commander of the unit on when and how to punish. The commander can inflict any of the above-mentioned punishments for whatever misdeeds." } ] } ], "anchors": { "top": "source-top", "sw_n0": "source-sw_n0", "sw_n1": "source-sw_n1", "active_menu": "source-active_menu", "sw_n2": "source-sw_n2", "sw_n3": "source-sw_n3" }, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/1", "start": 665, "end": 5493 }, "text": "Awate Main Menu Front Page News & Analysis Articles Interviews Documents Branna The Fertile Womb Belly Of The Beast Human Rights Regional Events Awate Team Cartoons The Pencil (Editorial) Martyrs' Album Search Awate", "text_sha256": "bb9af180a66bd093e815d65b2df51dfb89ea590c24de3efa87874b4db31414a4", "reason": "Inherited Awate category navigation", "evidence": "Separate left sidebar menu contains Front Page, News/Editorial, regional categories and Search; not part of testimony.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/3", "start": 11708, "end": 18616 }, "text": "VoMD June 21, 2007 March for Freedom Posting Guidlines Constitution of the Awate Foundation Contribute Donate through Mail To Scramble The Horn of Africa", "text_sha256": "402fbae6f6a7b332ba5fc3d63d742a1533737be7c41a407bd7a5a7cff3f87f01", "reason": "Inherited Awate promotions/donation sidebar", "evidence": "Separate right column links to publishing guidelines, donation/foundation and promotion unrelated to article.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/6", "start": 18665, "end": 19115 }, "text": "? 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These can be found in the reports of Amnesty international, Reporters Without Borders, CJP and other Human Rights organizations, including on the Asmarino.com, Awate and other Eritrean websites. In the mid-2000s ERHEA took the initiative to group together the resources of the various websites in order to make them more easily accessible to the public and thereby facilitate public awareness of the gross human rights violations being perpetrated in Eritrea. Since then, EHREA has built up a large resource that has been drawn upon by interested people and organisations from every part of the world. To commemorate the 8th years of 18th September 2001, a brief chronological of the dark side of Gedli has been compiled by EHREA. It recalls the victims of the EPLF and ELF leaders on this day. The crimes against innocent citizens did not begin in 2001 by the PFDJ but has roots going back to the 1960s. This brief history aims to draw lesson from the past. The lack of democratic practice and intolerance of dissent by former Eritrean revolutionary leaders became entrenched after the 1991 liberation and have continued with further repression, human rights violation and injustices. Lesson need to be learnt from past negative experiences such as Gedli. The reconciliation and unity among civic society groups has to be built on a clear understanding of past mistakes and on a rejection of anti-democratic practices. Only on that basis can the Eritrean people's victory over the present autocratic government be assured. Jebha and shaebia are the two sides of the same coin. ካብ መዝገብ ታሪኽ መን ካብ መን ይሕይሽ አብ ልዕሊ መን ክውርዚ ዕንቅርቢት ን ተመን ኩሉኻትኩም ሕንዚ የማነ ባሪያ Researched and compiled by Resoum Kidane [18/09/09] Crimes committed by the ELF Leaders Brief Note Crimes committed by the EPLF Leaders The following five members of Harakatwho were killed by the ELF force in 1965. Mahya-El Din Al, Ahmed Salih Ali,Idris Mahmoudi Ali Mahmo, Mohammed Saleh When Haraka had a plan to wage military activity inside Eritrea against the Ethiopian army in 1965, the leader of Haraka received a warning from the ELF spokesman, Osman S. Sabbe, who pointed out that a liberation front already existed and told Nawud that his organization should unite with it or face elimination. Despite this warning the ELM leaders dispatched a force of 50 armed men to the Sahel to fight the Ethiopians in May 1965, and six the ELM armed forced were killed by an armed contingent from the ELF force at Ela Tsada, in 1965 (Mengisteab, 2005; Bereketeab, 2000; Patemem 1990, Paice 1994, Iyob 1995, Shinn 2004). This happened due to the ELF Supreme Council's decision to take military action against the movement. According to Ahmed Mohammed Nasir who replaced Idris Mohammed Adem as chairman, in 1975 the chief reason for the ELF attacking the ELM (Harakat) in 1965 was its belief that the Field could support only one organisation [ Bereketeab, 2000 :184). added that Idris Mohammed Adem in particular, dislike the stretegy of the ELM to broaden its organisation through recuriting Christians. Because of this attitude of the founding leaders of the ELF religious anatonism was fanned leaving a legacy of reional and ethnic division which has left some traces among the leaders of current opposition groups. The death of Abrham Towelde is still shrouded in secret. Alem Tesfay 2003 explained the cause which led to the death of Abrha Twelde in the following way. \"After Issays came back to the Ala groups from the meeting he held with members of the CIA, Issayas decided to split from the ELF. As a result of this there was an argument with Abraham Twelde who was against such move and also disagrred over the talks with the Americans and the Ethiopians. After a month of arguments between them Abraham Twelde died suddenly on 17 May 1970, which is still a secret for most of us.” Concerning this Erlich (1988: 97), states that one of Issays's main rivals in the rebel movement was poisoned to death. After Abraham Twolde death, Issays succeeded to the leadership of the group and took steps to split from the ELF. The mysterious death of Abraham Twelde, 1970 Some victimes of Osman Hshal 1967 Ghilai, 1967 The Supreme Council of the ELF leadership instead of working for the unity of the Eritrean Liberation Army deliberately divided it by region and ethnicity through establishing five military zones based on a territorial division in 1965. The regional-based military structure had created mutual suspicion and hatred among the fighters and its consequence can be seen in 1967 when Osman Hishal, deputy commander of the fifth zonal division, summarily executed 27 Christian fighters alleging poor performance or for the military setback from which they suffered(Paice 1994; Markakis, 2987; Sherman, 1980, Human Rights Watch 1990) Amar (1997:82) also mentioned that Ghilai who was a political cadre in the 5th Zone was also killed by an ELF unit leaders,in 1967. Probably he was one of those 27 victims who were excuted by Osman Hisha. Abdalla Idris was the head commander of the fifth zone who is responsible for the massacre of these fighters. As a result of the ELF leaders use relgious prejdue and regionalism large numbers of ELF fighters were captured or gave themselves up to the Ethiopia government during 1967-1968. This gave an opprtunity for Ethiopia to publicize that the Eritrean nationalist struggle was as a religious and tribal insurgency led by Islamic fanatic. Kidane Kiflu joined the ELF in the mid 1960s and was working at the ELF office in Kessala. According to some source during this time Kidane had been sent by the ELF to recruit Addis Abeba University in 1965. From then students from Addis Abeba University started to join the armed struggle. In 1969 Wolde Ghidey and Kidane Kiflu were assasinated in Kessala by the ELF. ገድሊ ኤርተራ መዓስ ተጀመረ? ብመንከ? ብትኩእ ይሕዸጎ 1971 The mysterious death of Tuku'e Yehedego, 1971 Kidane Kiflu 1969 Mr Berhan Belata interview Woldai Ghidey 1969 Tuke'e was recurited to the Eritrea Liberation Movement (Haraka) in 1959 and was active member of the ELM from 1959-1965. In 1965 he joined the ELF after the demise of the ELM(Harakat), and he was with the ELF from 1965-1969. However, in 1969 he became disillusioned by the assassination of his colleague Wolde Ghidey and Kidane Kiflu in Kessala and he joined the EPLF in 1970, but was killed by the EPLF in 1971 Meles Ghebermariam who was formerly an activist at the Haile Selassie I University, joined the Selfi Nasnet from overseas. After serving as a ganta(platoon) commissioner, he was suddenly apprehended in 1973, and executed. Tewolde Tesfamariam, who joined from Hamburg in 1972, was also executed. Both of them were alleged by the EPLF leaders to have been foreign agents, and particularly that the working for the CIA. According Mengisteab, during the menka movement, Issays group within Selfi Nasnet spread the rumour that there were up to one hundred and fifty CIA agents within the movement (Megiesteab Kidane 2005:49). The Selfi Nasnet, a totalitarian organization from its inception, had some sort of cubbyhole for everybody. In the beginning, suspects and victims were mostly from the semi-proletariat class, according to the Marxist lexicon. Intellectuals appeared immune from the witch-hunting. This temporary reprieve did not last long .(Zekere Lebonna - Feb 02, 2004 ). Tekle Wedi Keshi, 1972 Meles Ghebermariam, 1973 Tewolde Tesfamariam, 1973 Siriyet Addis 1969 As mentioned in the previous note from 1966 onward there was a growing number of Eritrean students who joined to the struggle. Markakis explained this by saying that Eritreans at Addis Abeba university distingushed themselves by their political activism, and their immersion in the radical ideological currents that were beginning to surge in Ethiopian student circles in the mid 1960s(National and class Conflict in the Horn-1985, p119). But students were not welcome by the Kiada Al Ama. For example in 1969 between 200 and 300 students who joined to the ELF from Addis Abeba University were executed. Issayas was one of the member of Kiada al Ama leadership who is responsible for the massacre of those students ( Siriyet Addis)in 1969. By some accounts, between two hundred and three hundered Christian fighters and fifty Christian peasants were executed at the behest of the ELF leadership ( Megisteab 2005:42). In the early 1970s when many progressive Eritrean students from Haile Sellase I University and abroad joined the EPLF they were also not welcome to the leadership. Most of the students who came from university in Ethiopia were more progressive fighter than those who separated from ELF and were seen as potentially a rival ideological force. .As Mengsteab (2005:51) claims “According to some accounts, Isaias was never comfortable with the new arrivals from Addis Ababa, especially with Mussie and Yohannes\". The Menka ringleaders were arrested on 31 -12-1973 and were executed in 1975. This was after a military court imposed the death penalty for Menka ringleader: Musie, Yohannes, Tareke, Afworki, Teklu and others. Mesfin Hago was among the members of the military court responsible for the death of the Menka ringleaders in 1975. Regarding this Fitwi in his interview with Aida mentioned that, the EPLF leadership spoke publicly told about Menka ringleaders executions before or after the time of the EPLF Congress 1977. [Read full story] Muse Tesfai Mikael1973-1975 Yohannes Sebhatu, Tareke Yihdego & Afworki Teklu 1973-1975 The mysterious death of Dr. Fitsum 1971 Mahmoud Ibrahim-chekini was murdered in the Sahel, 1972 In the early 1970s there was a question about the death of Dr Fistum in the ELF. Dr Fitsum could be one of of the Addis Ababa University students who was recruited by Kidane Kiflue in the mid 1960. In 1970 Dr Fitsum and other members of GUES accused Kiyada Ama (ELF leadership) of murdering Kidane and Giday. This was at the meeting of Eritrean students in Munich in the summer which Dr Fistum chaired. After this meeting member of GUES split into two group. However, Dr Fistum joined the ELF which was the probable cause of his mysterious death in 1971. Huri Tedla who was one of the supporters of the ELF at the Munich meeting in 1970, and in 1971 who became vice chair man of the ELF was probably behind the conspiracy which lead to Dr Fistum killing by the ELF fighter(Abrahale) in 1971. He was a member of the ‘other’ 19-person Executive Committee Elected by 1st ELF Congress in 1971. Mahmoud Ibrahim Muhammad Saeed (Chekini) He was the political envoy of zone two (during the period (end 1965 when the ELF divided the Eritrean forces into 4 military administrative zones and then 5). He went to China for training with the first group who went there. Regarding his death according to the ELF \" he was killed (martyred) during the first Eritrean civil war. So, Eritrean lost a brave, intelligent and nationalist hero, in a useless civil war. He had the qualities of promising leadership.\". However, according to a reliable sourceMahmoud ibrahim -chekini was murdered in the Sahel, 1971. He was a member of the ‘other’ 19-person Executive Committee Elected by 1st ELF Congress in 1971. Habte Selassie was executed for having allegedly “spied” for the Ethiopian Government and the CIA in 1975. Regarding this Ammar (2004) states that Habte-Selassie was killed for having know to much about the meetings at Kagnew Station and the differences that emerged among the leaders of the faction. Indeed Habte Selassie played an active role in organizing the meetings at Kagnew Station with Tesfa Michael Georgo. Tesfa Michael Georgo was killed by the EPLF in Addis Abeba in 1993 also for having know the secret talk which was held between Issays and Richard Copeland, from the CIA .(According to some source his true name is Miles Copeland who reruited Abdel Nasser) Find more about the story of Issayas secret meeting with the CIA representative in the early 1970. Habte-Selassie G/Medhin 1973-1975 ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ፡ዋሕዚ ሓድሽ ሓይሊን ስግኣት ዓብደላ እድሪስን ምንቅስቓስ ፋሉልን ናይ ቅንጸላ ስጉምቲን1976-1977 Tesfu Kidane & Debesai Gebreselassie were executed in 1979 at Arag, when Ali Said was the Head of “Halewa Sewra”Gestapo section of the EPLF 1977 -1987 In 1977 the conflict between those who were seeking greater democracy (the Falul movement) and the ELF leaders who were against change led the ELF leaders to take military action against the Falul. Debesai & Tesfu 1973-1979 Abdul kadir Rohmedan 1978 Abdu Muhammad Ali Raji He was martyred along with martyr Abdul Kader Ramadan. It was said that they were killed by “Falul”. Keshi (2003) states that Seyoum Harasta (who became the ELF-RC Chairman after Ahemed Nassir) grew faster through the rank and file of the old ELF than anybody else. He became the mouthpiece of ELF leaders in campaigning against the grassroots movement in 1977. In the 1970s the victms of the ELF leaders were not only Falul but also those fighters who crticized the leadership of the ELF. Those who were eliminated under different cover up Yemin, Dugul Yemin, Dugul Falul). Wodi Woldu was released from Halewa Sewra after 5 years of imprisonment in 1979. This was after his self-criticism for being actively involved in the 1973 Menka movement . However, a year after his release news came about his tragic death. According to the EPLF, Wodi Woldu was killed in a road accident somewhere in Arag road while he was on honeymoon The mysterious death of Wodi Woldu 1980 Saed Hussien 1978 Dehab Tesfatsion& Aberash Melke were reportedly discharged (terefiten) . However, there has not been any news about them from their friends or relatives since then . According to a reliable source both of them refused political indoctrination and self-criticism consequently executed at Gerger (Belekat) in 1979, This was when Wodi Woldu and other who participated in the Menka movement were released from Halewa Sewra[ EPLF’s prison ] after their self-criticism in 1979. Woldenkel Haile was a very distinguished military leader. He made clear his stand on the Menka ringleaders when he was the head of the security department in 1973. Woldenkel said that the Menka ringleaders did not commit a crime apart from breaking military discipline rule. This was completely different from Issayas. Dehab Tesfatsion&Aberash Melke 1973-1979 Omer M. Suba 1978 As a consequence of this Weldekel was removed from the EPLF security Department and sent to the Hailitat in 1974 . Furthermore he was not elected for the Central Committee in 1977 which was a surprise to everyone. Others faithful to Issayas became members. Weldekel was the most well-known military leader next to Ibrahim Afa and had led the Eritrea People’s Liberation Army to victory at the strategic town of Segeneti in 1977 but Woldenkele was killed shortly after the victory by an unidentified gunman at Segeneti, his birth place in 1977. When this occurred there was a radio message in this code \" Itia Abai Lham Ab Mereta Wediqa\", meaning that the great leader rest on his birth place. The mysterious death of Weldekel Haile 1977 Ahmed Ibrahim M 1978 Similar to the 11 former government ministers and EPLF leaders (G15) who were arrested 2001, Tewolde Eyob was arrested, in 1975 without having committed any crime. Tewelde was arrested as a result of a conspiracy by Mesfin Hagos and Solomon W/Mariam after he disagreed with them and other members of the EPLF leadership over the arrest of the ringleaders of Menka . Tewolde who split from the ELF in 1969 said that in terms of respect for justice he could not see any difference between the ELF and EPLF leaderships. Consequently he, too, was arrested in 1975 and was executed in 1980. Meharena Hadgu who was a former prisoner described Tewelde Iyob and the circumstance how was he arrested in the following words He said let us democratically solve the situation. When it was said this movement was destructive, Tewelde said no, this is a conflict only not a destructive one and we can lead them to the right way, it is not a criminal charge, but was said he too was against Shabia and eliminated. The Menka movement started in September and Isayas talked of it in January. A paper is lost written by Tewelde Eyob \"at Adobha meeting we claimed our youth were killed and we condemned the ELF. This will be our everlasting condemnation, the case must met democratically changed.\" He was charged to becoming Menka and secretly demoted from top leadership post. He was imprisoned in June or July of 1974 and killed like the Menka. We all knew he was killed. Nothing is kept secret forever. Some secrets are known from leaders. Tewolde Eyob 1975-1980 Haji Saleh 1978 In late 1977 Petros Yohannes joined the EPLF together with Yemane Monkey and Girma Asmerom from the USA. When Petros was member of ENASA in the USA, he had started inquiring about the injustice of the Menka group's arrest. Because of this he became a target of the EPLF that eventually caused to his mysterious death in 1978. Petros probably came to the field to work with Andebrehan who was the head of the English editorial board at the EPLF's Department of information in the field. Shortly after he arrived to the field he went for tour with Yemane Monkey and Grima. While they were in their journey came the tragic news that Petros had been killed in a road accident somewhere between Ginda and Decemhara. This was the EPLF version. There remains a suspicion about how in such a serious accident Yemane and Girma survived unharmed? The mysterious death of Petros Yohannes 1978 Ibrahim Mahder 1978 Mengisteab with other members of EFLNA participated in the EPLF Organisation’s first congress in the beginning of 1977. In 1979 the EPLF attituted toward the Soviet was raised. The undemocratic culture of the EPLF was criticised by member of ENASA. This protest movement is known in the history of the EPLF's Na Semien America Menkiskase.( North America Movement) . Mengisteab Yisaq, the chair of EFLNA/ENASA was also strongly critical of the EPLF foreign policy for not denouncing the Soviet Union. For this reason Megisteab became a target and was murdered by the pro EPLF group in ENASA. Hagos kisha who was a member of this group continued his destructive role by splitting the ENASA and condemning the Mengisteab Yisaq's group. He was also involved in collaboration with the EPLF leaders in asking Tewdros Hadgebes who was from the Mengisteab Yisaq's group to visit the field(Meda) where he was executed on 21/2/80 at the EPLF's prison Halewa Sewra. Read full story of this Azieb a former member of the ENASA described the EPLF in the following words \"Shabia has a long history of killing its own people. Had the ELF-NA (6) been in the field in Eritrea, they, too would have been Shabia victims, just like Menka\" . Afwork, Azieb ( 2002) The mysterious death of Mengisteab Yisaq 1979 Tewdros Hadgebes 1980 M.Mansur 1978 Many of the university graduates or students who newly joined the EPLF in 1975 became victims of the EPLF leaders because either they were educated or had links with the leader of the Bitsay Menkiskas, Goitom Berhe. Goitom Berhe a law graduate of Addis Ababa joined the EPLF in 1972 and translated a number of Marxist works to Tigrigna in 1975 . According to Fitwi (2004) Goitom wrote an article 'Who is the revolutionary?' handwritten in 30 pages. I and Alem Abraha read it at night with kerosene lamp, though it was forbidden to read the article. About two weeks from then, Goitom was taken away and never seen again. Alem Abraha was soon taken and killed. As Fitwi stated, in 1976 Goitom Berhe with his group were arrested on allegation of forming an underground movement called 'the Eritrean Revolutionary Party’and for his opposition to the arrest of Menka leaders,. Following his arresting all the literatures he translated were collected and burnt in 1976 , Goitom and other suspected ring-leaders were executed in 1980. Regarding this, Sherman( 1980:64) stated that in 1976 perhaps as many as 200 young EPLF intellectuals were arrested. Many were executed for “radicalism” for following an alleged Maoist line or sometime known as Bitsay Menkiskas. Some of the victims included: Goitom Berhe, executed in 1978 at Gerger; 2)Mesih Russom, executed in 1980 at Arag ;3) Tewolde Eyob, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 4)Teclai Ghebre-Kristos, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 5)Michael Bereketeab,executed in 1980 at Arag ; 6) Haile Yohannesom, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 7) Samuel Ghebre-Dingil, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 8)Bereket Haile, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 9) Memhir Tecle Habte-Tsion, executed in 1980 at Arag ;10 Alem Abraha, executed in 1980 at Arag and others. Bitsay& & his fellows 1976-1980 M.Shedeli Ismail 1978 In 1978 there was another policy of purge and liquidation against Solomon and his group within the EPLF which will be mentioned briefly later. By coincident in the same year, there was also the declaration of war on the alleged Yemanwi kinfi (right wing) in 1978 by the ELF leadership in which many patriots were killed and liquidated by special ELF units in Dankalia. Among them were those 10 veterans ELF fighters who were killed by the ELF force in a place called Ibbi, Dankalia on 22 May 1978 were 1)Saed Hussien co-founder of the ELF in Cairo in 1960, 2)Omer M. Suba, 3)Ahmed Ibrahim 4) Omer M.Omer5)Haji Saleh 6)Ibrahim Mahder 7)M.Mansur 8) M.Shedeli Ismail 9)Abdu Idris A. 10)Adem Ibrahim Al Haj Twolde 1978 Abdu Idris A.1978 The liquidation of the 10 veterans ELF fighters were confirmed by Ahemed Naser who was the chair man of the ELF at that time in the following We foiled this reactionary project by resolutely liquidating these elements on May 22, 1978. The Eritrean Liberation Army units assigned this duty executed it perfectly.” One of those martyrs was Hussen the founder of the ELF in Cairo with Taha. Referring the ELF liquidation policy in 1970s there is also a report from other source about individual fighters who questioned the ELF leadership’s corruption and division were placed into the security’s hand and interrogated, imprisoned, tortured and killed Alem Abraha 1976-1980 Omer M.Omer 1978 In the EPLF there was also a policy of purge and liquidation on the alleged Yemanwi kinfi (right wing) in 1978. Yemanawyan Menkiskas was the continuation of the democratisation movement. This movement against corruption in 1977-1978 was when most of the town had been liberated by the EPLF.Among those fighters killed for criticism against corruption of the EPLF leaders 1) Dr Eyob Ghebre-leul, educated in the USSR, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 2) Mehari Ghirma-Tsion, educated in the USSR who joined the EPLF withHaile Menkorias 1972, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 3) Ghebre-Michael Meharizghi; Addis Abeba university graduate, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 4) Hibret Tesfa-Ghaber, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 5) Kidane Abeito, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 6) Fissehaye Kidane (Germen), executed in 1980 at Arag ; 7) Haile Jebha, former EPLF interrogation section chief, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 8) Araya Semere, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 9) Ammanuel Filansa; 10) Solomon Wolde-Mariam, key EPLF leader between 1970-1977,executed in 1988 at Hishkeb and, others. Mogos Fassil, Addis Ababa law graduate, narrowly escaped death by fleeing from gun-point. Dr Eyob & his fellows 1978-1980 Adem Ibrahim Al Haj 1978 Solomon Woldemariam was one of the members of the EPLF leadership between 1970 and 1977. As mentioned earlier he played a key role with Mesfin Hagos in the arrest of Twolde Iyob in 1975. A year after Twolde was arrested, Solomon became a next target of Issayas and Mesfin Hagos during a period of preparation for the EPLF first organisational congress in 1976, and there was a strong campaign with Cader School (Bet temherti cader) against Solomon and his group such as Tesfamariam Wedi Basha(who is currently Eritrea's ambassador to Israel) on the alleged Yemanwi . kinfi (right wing) by students at the school. As a result this campaign Solomon was not elected for the EPLF leadership or Central Committee at the EPLF's first organisational congress in 1977. After two years he was arrested through a conspiracy of Ali Yasina in 1979 and was executed in 1983. During the period that Solomon had been in the leadership and the head of Halewa Sewra many innocent fighters including Menka group were his victims. According him a large number of people were killed during he was in the leadership and the head of Halewa . He added that around one thousand fighters who participated in the Menka movement were rehabilitated after undergoing serious political indoctrination and self-criticism ( Mengiseab,49:2005) Regarding this when he was asked about them by the public at the meeting in Keren in 1978, he admitted that all of them were innocents. Solomon Woldemariam 1979-1983 ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ፡ ምትፍናን ዓብደላን መልኣከን 1982 መጋቢት 25፡ 2012 መበል 30 ዓመት ዝኽሪ ራሳይ In 1985 the death of Ibrahim Afa also raised another question whether he was killed by the enemy or by EPLF special unit force. Some people believe that the circumstances of Ibrahim Afa's death are not clear( Dawit, Daniel, 2001); others believe that Isayas Afwerki killed his long-time comrade. Ibrahim Afa (VKP, 2003). Ibrahim Afa’s death has become a matter of controversy (Pool, 2001). There is also some people believe that the military training centre at Sawa which is called \"Medeber Tailim Ibrahim Afa\" ( Ibrahim Afa Military Training Centre) is in fact a cover up for the mysterious circumstances of Ibrahim Afa’s death. Read more In 1981 Abdella Idris was defeated by his long rival Issayas and lost power inside Eritrea. In 1982 Abdella Idris took military action against his opponents, the leaders of the ELF-RC, and Melake Tekele was killed by Abdella Idris.Since then both the ELF and ELF.RC leaders have become the main rival leaders within the opposition which caused a rift between the ELF RC and ENA in 2002 and The spilt of EDA in 2007 The mysterious death of Ibrahim Afa 1985 Crimes committed against civilians(Kunama people) by the founder of the armed struggle Idris Awate before 1961 The legacy of Hamid Idris Awate, to the Eritrean Gedli (struggle) In the 1980s Said Saleh, Woldedawit Temesgen, Idris Hangela, Mahmud Hasseb Haile Garz and others were also killed by the EPLF security inside Sudan. Although there is no written information about the ELF crime inside Sudan in the1980s, the ELF wasn’t innocent from committing crimes inside Sudan in the1980s. Haile Garza was killed with the conspiracy of the ERA head by the EPLF security in 1987 just after returining from the Conference which was held in Oslo.read more 1987 Crimes committed against civilians by the ELF and EPLF leaders in the 1970s ELF and EPLF leaders who should be blamed for the death of 3000 fighters in the civil war 1972-1974Abdalla Idris Mohammed, ELFsecond vice president Herui Tedla Bairu, ELF first vice president Issayas, ELF-PLF (Ala group) leader Idris Mohamed Adem, ELF Presiden Osman.S.Sabbe, EPLF Foreign Mission Civil war and accussions against leaders ካልኣይ ጉባኤ ጀብሃን ውዲታት ዓብደላን . Abdella Idris: The Architect of Violence and Beneficiary of Undemocratic Uprising ኢሰያስ እቲ ዕሉል ገበነኛ Some victims of Issayas during 1970s and 1980s listed by Alem Tesfay 2003 Teklay Aden, an EPLF security chief who defected to the Ethiopian regime in 1981, revealed that three thousand fighters were physically liquidated by the Front between 1973 and the time of his defection 1980. ቃልሲ ኢሳያስ ንስልጣን ኢሳያስ ሰላዪዶ ወይ ተጋዳላይ ነይሩ Exculpating Jebha ንጀብሃ ካብ ገበን ሓራ ምግባር ኣብ'ቲ መስርሕ ዕደና ኣልማዝ ኮንጎ ዛየር ካብ ዝተረሸኑ ዝርዝር ኣስማት ተጋደልቲ፦ EPLF's History of Mysterious Deaths Mengisteab (2005: 50) the number of fighters physically eliminated by the Front between 1973 and the liberation of Eritrea in 1991, could range between three thousand and five thousand, if those fighters who disappeared under mysterious circumstances are included The Plastic Rope(mesere nesela ): Memories Of A Foot Soldier Some victims of the EPLF's secret party On the 48th year of the beginning of the armed struggle for national liberation. the The Eritrean people urge former ELF leaders, Member of Revolutionary Council and senior caders or devoted member of the Front who are in the leadership within the oppostion groups outside these groups to acknowledge their responsibility in the past crimes Ibrahim Mohammed Ali made a personal call on every Eritrean political figure “ to admit past mistakes and excesses in a straightforward manner and openly condemn those crimes and excesses committed [by him or] in his name against or against individuals the Nation ኢ ብራሂም ከም ጲላጦስ ኢዱ ሕጹብ እዩ ነይሩ ተባሂሉ ተመስኪሩሉ ኢዩ . Ibrahim Mohamed Ali, Urges Eritrean Politicians to Admit Past Mistakes, Excesses Arabic version . On the 8th year of commemoration of the 18th September 2001.The Eritrean people urge former EPLF leaders, member of Central Committee and senior caders or devoted member of the Front who are in the oppostion groups or outside these groups to acknowledge their past crimes . The most criminal leader in the ELF Crime committed and collaborated by the ELF Leaders Purge and liquidation in the EPLF 1973-1980s Halewa Sewra Gestapo section of the EPLF ንተጋደልቲ ዘሳቕዩን ዝቕጥቕጡን ካብ ዝነበሩ አባላት ሓለዋ ሰውራ The most criminal leader in the EPLF Crime committed and collaborated by the EPLF Leaders Legacy of Gedli The demise of Asmara University Future of younger generation PFDJ fascistic crimes Prisons and Torture Methods Prisoners since 2001 Prisoners' List References", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "1f39c3407985bec97650e4b1", "source_sha256": "f884e9d9a95af64cf9b344b9265205059cbdcf0187bfce76d87a74082c8ca579", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-b1c2ecf571fd03e5995c885e", "type": "record-list", "source": { "path": "/47/3", "start": 7986, "end": 78362 }, "anchors": [], "caption": [], "records": [ { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/0", "start": 8005, "end": 8509 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 3, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/0/1", "start": 8016, "end": 8499 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-e6ae2ef0491a98a01ffd6b24", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/0/1/0/7", "start": 8131, "end": 8481 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "The Dark Face of Gedli ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "\n " }, { "text": "\n&\n Its legacy\n ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "From archive: The ELF and EPLF leaders' crimes" } ] }, { "id": "b-96b088ed6ea31b9ab62ae3c2", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/0/1/0/7/3", "start": 8192, "end": 8315 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/3c18a90602386531e5b89e07b79cec4b071885f703c0fc3488492779e3369309.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/2", "start": 8515, "end": 10416 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 3, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/2/1", "start": 8526, "end": 10406 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-4c1a106a306d678a543f37da", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/2/1/0/1/0", "start": 8559, "end": 9379 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Since 2001 Human Rights organizations, civic society, journalists and NGO have published enormous number of articles, reports, press statements etc. on prisoners and prison conditions in Eritrea. These can be found in the reports of Amnesty international, Reporters Without Borders, CJP and other Human Rights organizations, including on the Asmarino.com, Awate and other Eritrean websites. In the mid-2000s ERHEA took the initiative to group together the resources of the various websites in order to make them more easily accessible to the public and thereby facilitate public awareness of the gross human rights violations being perpetrated in Eritrea. Since then, EHREA has built up a large resource that has been drawn upon by interested people and organisations from every part of the world." } ] }, { "id": "b-a2021732bd2a6f6de285e089", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/2/1/0/1/0", "start": 8559, "end": 9379 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " To commemorate the 8th years of 18th September 2001, a brief chronological of the dark side of Gedli has been compiled by EHREA. It recalls the victims of the EPLF and ELF leaders on this day. The crimes against innocent citizens did not begin in 2001 by the PFDJ but has roots going back to the 1960s. This brief history aims to draw lesson from the past. The lack of democratic practice and intolerance of dissent by former Eritrean revolutionary leaders became entrenched after the 1991 liberation and have continued with further repression, human rights violation and injustices. Lesson need to be learnt from past negative experiences such as Gedli. The reconciliation and unity " }, { "text": " among ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " civic society groups has to be built on a clear understanding of past mistakes and on a rejection of anti-democratic practices. Only on that basis can ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "the Eritrean people's victory over the present autocratic government be assured." } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/4", "start": 10422, "end": 10891 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 3, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/4/1", "start": 10433, "end": 10881 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-86d3fcf9c6b698517e3aa074", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/4/1/0/0", "start": 10452, "end": 10518 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Jebha and shaebia are the two sides of the same coin." } ] }, { "id": "b-b03d228276f1413dab06253c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/4/1/2/0", "start": 10535, "end": 10563 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ካብ መዝገብ ታሪኽ", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-ac5a05fa96c40d07015bc22e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/4/1/4/0", "start": 10580, "end": 10657 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "መን ካብ መን ይሕይሽ አብ ልዕሊ መን ክውርዚ\n ዕንቅርቢት ን ተመን ኩሉኻትኩም ሕንዚ \n " }, { "text": "የማነ ባሪያ", "href": "/documents/414a42cea5d79b45d27d3324/" }, { "text": "\n Researched and compiled by Resoum Kidane [18/09/09]" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/6", "start": 10897, "end": 11095 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/6/1", "start": 10908, "end": 10987 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-ebd02e89fee2fafb8356501d", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/6/1/0/1", "start": 10926, "end": 10969 }, "anchors": [], "level": 3, "content": [ { "text": "Crimes committed by the ELF Leaders" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/6/3", "start": 10995, "end": 11024 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-963196b47788366f3421c840", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/6/3/0/0", "start": 11004, "end": 11013 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Brief Note" } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/6/5", "start": 11032, "end": 11087 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-54c47d3b0d1871f68add0fd8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/6/5/0/0", "start": 11041, "end": 11076 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Crimes committed by the EPLF Leaders" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/8", "start": 11101, "end": 15341 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/8/1", "start": 11112, "end": 12257 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-40c8d7c372f86ca3b469aacf", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/8/1/0/0", "start": 11121, "end": 11324 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The following five members of ", "href": "/documents/f473df43318b350780086b5b/" }, { "text": "Harakat", "href": "/documents/f473df43318b350780086b5b/", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "who were killed by the ELF force in 1965.", "href": "/documents/f473df43318b350780086b5b/" } ] }, { "id": "b-da5600d7cd510854c2c4fc52", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/8/1/0/3", "start": 11341, "end": 11479 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-4802bada737123729da18b63", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/8/1/0/4", "start": 11480, "end": 11618 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-f91f53769b97e71ed9958266", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/8/1/0/5", "start": 11619, "end": 11757 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-1d119b87cf74f1ee5c53345d", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/8/1/0/6", "start": 11758, "end": 11896 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-11ee77c4618be9f4f8a38604", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/8/1/0/7", "start": 11897, "end": 12035 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-1bd22faed25b7d4925f1a1c4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/8/1/0/8", "start": 12036, "end": 12246 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mahya-El Din Al, Ahmed Salih Ali,Idris Mahmoudi Ali Mahmo, Mohammed Saleh", "href": "/documents/f473df43318b350780086b5b/", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/8/3", "start": 12265, "end": 14970 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-1874b9a7fb45f4e97fa22054", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/8/3/0/0", "start": 12272, "end": 13031 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "When Haraka had a plan to wage military activity inside Eritrea against the Ethiopian army in 1965, the leader of Haraka received a warning from the ELF spokesman, Osman S. Sabbe, who pointed out that a liberation front already existed and told Nawud that his organization should unite with it or face elimination. Despite this warning the ELM leaders dispatched a force of 50 armed men to the Sahel to fight the Ethiopians in May 1965, and six the ELM armed forced were killed by an armed contingent from the ELF force at Ela Tsada, in 1965 (Mengisteab, 2005; Bereketeab, 2000; Patemem 1990, Paice 1994, Iyob 1995, Shinn 2004). This happened due to the ELF Supreme Council's decision to take military action against the movement. ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " According to " }, { "text": "Ahmed Mohammed Nasir", "href": "/documents/87b76f3466b5b155b106778e/" }, { "text": " who replaced Idris Mohammed Adem as chairman, in 1975 the chief reason for the ELF attacking the ELM (Harakat) in 1965 was its belief that the Field could support only one organisation [ Bereketeab, 2000 :184). added that Idris Mohammed Adem in particular, dislike the stretegy of the ELM to broaden its organisation through recuriting Christians. Because of this attitude of the founding leaders of the ELF religious anatonism was fanned leaving a legacy of reional and ethnic division which has left some traces among the leaders of current opposition groups." } ] }, { "id": "b-e6ac3e592b21e566ecd45f7b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/8/3/2/0", "start": 13909, "end": 14430 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The death of Abrham Towelde is still shrouded in secret. Alem Tesfay 2003 explained the cause which led to the death of Abrha Twelde in the following way. \"After Issays came back to the Ala groups from the meeting he held with members of the CIA, Issayas decided to split from the ELF. As a result of this there was an argument with Abraham Twelde who was against such move and also disagrred over the talks with the Americans and the Ethiopians. After a month of arguments between them " }, { "text": " Abraham Twelde died", "href": "/documents/fc4d621ae7d320b75c52541e/" }, { "text": " suddenly on 17 May 1970, which is still a secret for most of us.” Concerning this Erlich (1988: 97), states that one of Issays's main rivals in the rebel movement was poisoned to death. After Abraham Twolde death, Issays succeeded to the leadership of the group and took steps to split from the ELF." } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/8/5", "start": 14978, "end": 15331 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-27f7d94292af2ef83d3291ed", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/8/5/0/0", "start": 14987, "end": 15114 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/b1b06c16862b25a996314b4e18444d9455319cf1ca0e2f63d7460d3bf6da8bca.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-fc024e62029a3378f8c2c75e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/8/5/0/1", "start": 15115, "end": 15311 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The mysterious death of Abraham Twelde, 1970", "href": "/documents/fc4d621ae7d320b75c52541e/" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/10", "start": 15347, "end": 19133 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/10/1", "start": 15358, "end": 16436 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-4c6333c72235e116e33ab552", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/10/1/0/0", "start": 15367, "end": 15505 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-015468089cda75d78db3d036", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/10/1/0/1", "start": 15506, "end": 15644 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-e48943ad64b343d254e32364", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/10/1/0/2", "start": 15645, "end": 15783 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-d2171eeb2e736d24990089bc", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/10/1/0/3", "start": 15784, "end": 15922 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-d8c9d409f98577541f47f57e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/10/1/0/4", "start": 15923, "end": 16070 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Some victimes of Osman Hshal", "href": "/documents/f473df43318b350780086b5b/" }, { "text": " 1967" } ] }, { "id": "b-2f4fd7d6a2aaa6daff18c8ab", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/10/1/0/10", "start": 16223, "end": 16361 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Ghilai, 1967" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/10/3", "start": 16444, "end": 18402 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-0229e25778a978668be2fbc2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/10/3/0/0", "start": 16453, "end": 16457 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The Supreme Council of the ELF leadership instead of working for the unity of the Eritrean Liberation Army deliberately divided it by region and ethnicity through establishing five military zones based on a territorial division in 1965. The regional-based military structure had created mutual suspicion and hatred among the fighters and its consequence can be seen ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "in 1967 when Osman Hishal, deputy commander of the fifth zonal division, summarily executed 27 Christian fighters alleging poor performance or for the military setback from which they suffered(Paice 1994; Markakis, 2987; Sherman, 1980, Human Rights Watch 1990) Amar (1997:82) also mentioned that Ghilai who was a political cadre in the 5th Zone was also killed by an ELF unit leaders,in 1967. Probably he was one of those 27 victims who were excuted by Osman Hisha" }, { "text": ". Abdalla Idris", "href": "/documents/2e61fecf8fec1f2a28c5a105/" }, { "text": " was the head commander of the fifth zone who is responsible for the massacre of these fighters. " }, { "text": "As a result of the ELF leaders use relgious prejdue and regionalism large numbers of ELF fighters were captured or gave themselves up to the Ethiopia government during 1967-1968. This gave an opprtunity for Ethiopia to publicize that the Eritrean nationalist struggle was as a religious and tribal insurgency led by Islamic fanatic.", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-0fa68a271226644d76c2483f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/10/3/2/0", "start": 17959, "end": 18353 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Kidane Kiflu joined the ELF in the mid 1960s and was working at the ELF office in Kessala. According to some source during this time Kidane had been sent by the ELF to recruit Addis Abeba University in 1965. From then students from Addis Abeba University started to join the armed struggle. In 1969 Wolde Ghidey and Kidane Kiflu were assasinated in Kessala by the ELF.", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/10/5", "start": 18404, "end": 19123 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-75f51dc0d0b83a7676ff4a3b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/10/5/0/1/0", "start": 18420, "end": 18730 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ገድሊ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/" }, { "text": "ኤርተራ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/" }, { "text": "መዓስ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/" }, { "text": "ተጀመረ? ብመንከ?", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "\n ብትኩእ ይሕዸጎ 1971" } ] }, { "id": "b-3bce33c56e9a2f4ab4b1270a", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/10/5/0/1/4", "start": 18768, "end": 18892 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/61cd7dbf6d733b05443078a1e91310d6c1ef9998cee62cd8a9ccb2764850726d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-9cd52a18dff432a251d3e663", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/10/5/0/1/5", "start": 18893, "end": 19071 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The mysterious death of Tuku'e Yehedego, 1971", "href": "/documents/3ecf2c305ae0e4e98322d9f9/" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/12", "start": 19139, "end": 23198 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/12/1", "start": 19150, "end": 20160 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-7001e2238cf1a4e49679476a", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/12/1/0/0", "start": 19159, "end": 19282 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/95f23a5dd8310076b6fa3c91c1f4fcced54b726aaf0080d7d91b0ea53b6a2b41.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-72df93c0ee107661814f40b4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/12/1/0/1", "start": 19283, "end": 19432 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Kidane Kiflu ", "href": "/documents/241360bda373b00fe0956c9e/" }, { "text": " 1969" }, { "text": "\n ", "href": "/documents/241360bda373b00fe0956c9e/" }, { "text": "Mr Berhan Belata interview", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=PTTfZYq_-X0" } ] }, { "id": "b-0e54d292b45e67ca7b784c74", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/12/1/0/6", "start": 19849, "end": 19973 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/98ee7cc0bcb8534b841c83a6cb3aaf86ddbe0e1a1b00c939488aefe7b4579511.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Woldai Ghidey", "href": "/documents/9904911a6bf219ed5a114b5c/" }, { "text": " 1969" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/12/3", "start": 20168, "end": 22092 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-a50b97f6d3329265992dbef5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/12/3/0/0", "start": 20175, "end": 20558 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tuke'e was recurited to the Eritrea Liberation Movement (Haraka) in 1959 and was active member of the ELM from 1959-1965. In 1965 he joined the ELF after the demise of the ELM(Harakat), and he was with the ELF from 1965-1969. However, in 1969 he became disillusioned by the assassination of his colleague Wolde Ghidey and Kidane Kiflu in Kessala and he joined ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "the EPLF in 1970, but was killed by the EPLF in 1971", "href": "/documents/3ecf2c305ae0e4e98322d9f9/" } ] }, { "id": "b-2f46cf3e1075a3be94af7bc1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/12/3/4/0", "start": 20759, "end": 20781 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Meles Ghebermariam who was formerly an activist at the Haile Selassie I University, joined the Selfi Nasnet from overseas. After serving as a ganta(platoon) commissioner, he was suddenly apprehended in 1973, and executed. Tewolde Tesfamariam, who joined from Hamburg in 1972, was also executed. Both of them were alleged by the EPLF leaders to have been foreign agents, and particularly that the working for the CIA. According Mengisteab, during the menka movement, Issays group within Selfi Nasnet spread the rumour that there were up to one hundred and fifty CIA agents within the movement (Megiesteab Kidane 2005:49). The Selfi Nasnet, a totalitarian organization from its inception, had some sort of cubbyhole for everybody. In the beginning, suspects and victims were mostly from the semi-proletariat class, according to the Marxist lexicon. Intellectuals appeared immune from the witch-hunting. This temporary reprieve did not last long ." }, { "text": "(Zekere Lebonna - Feb 02, 2004", "href": "/documents/388edcd2c849071ce810abd9/" }, { "text": " )." } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/12/5", "start": 22100, "end": 23188 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-bc59a786598b5848d2d4ff52", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/12/5/0/1/0", "start": 22122, "end": 22260 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Tekle Wedi Keshi, 1972", "href": "/documents/089316631ce264d4fbd5662a/" } ] }, { "id": "b-86cdf9385c595a4cd4a7b145", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/12/5/0/1/2/6", "start": 22616, "end": 22754 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Meles Ghebermariam, 1973", "href": "/documents/388edcd2c849071ce810abd9/" } ] }, { "id": "b-25a89eca10f81907c17fccbc", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/12/5/0/3/0", "start": 22940, "end": 23078 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Tewolde Tesfamariam, 1973" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/14", "start": 23204, "end": 27612 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/14/1", "start": 23215, "end": 24045 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-a595b07e1da662d7d8deb2a5", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/14/1/0/0", "start": 23224, "end": 23362 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-9c06d9de906907c500eb52d1", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/14/1/0/1", "start": 23363, "end": 23501 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-98969b35d497652a48028635", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/14/1/0/2", "start": 23502, "end": 23640 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-57c25024a68c723a975bdc40", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/14/1/0/3", "start": 23641, "end": 23779 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Siriyet Addis", "href": "/documents/dffb797fdf955c27f2e1e54b/" }, { "text": " 1969" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/14/3", "start": 24053, "end": 26503 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-d7aeff472e4594c652c21015", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/14/3/0/0", "start": 24060, "end": 24947 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As mentioned in the previous note from 1966 onward there was a growing number of Eritrean students who joined to the struggle. Markakis explained this by saying that Eritreans at Addis Abeba university distingushed themselves by their political activism, and their immersion in the radical ideological currents that were beginning to surge in Ethiopian student circles in the mid 1960s(National and class Conflict in the Horn-1985, p119). But students were not welcome by the Kiada Al Ama. For example in 1969 between 200 and 300 students who joined to the ELF from Addis Abeba University were executed. Issayas was one of the ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "member of Kiada al Ama leadership", "href": "/documents/3ef2350f72026aae78dc91b9/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " who is responsible for the massacre of those students ( Siriyet Addis)in 1969. By some accounts, between two hundred and three hundered Christian fighters and fifty Christian peasants were executed at the behest of the ELF leadership ( Megisteab 2005:42).", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-d7f54e4e0260854fb64a9231", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/14/3/2/0", "start": 25177, "end": 25570 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In the early 1970s when many progressive Eritrean students from Haile Sellase I University and abroad joined the EPLF they were also not welcome to the leadership. Most of the students who came from university in Ethiopia were more progressive fighter than those who separated from ELF and were seen as potentially a rival ideological force. .As Mengsteab (2005:51) claims ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "“According to some accounts, Isaias was never comfortable with the new arrivals from Addis Ababa, especially with Mussie and Yohannes\". \n The Menka ringleaders were arrested on 31 -12-1973 and were executed in 1975. This was after a military court imposed the death penalty for Menka ringleader: Musie, Yohannes, Tareke, Afworki, Teklu and others.", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " ", "href": "/documents/d7f22ff2cbb2e035a09fa603/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Mesfin Hago was among the members of the military court responsible for the death of the Menka ringleaders in 1975. Regarding this Fitwi in his interview with Aida mentioned that, the EPLF leadership spoke publicly told about Menka ringleaders executions before or after the time of the EPLF Congress 1977. [Read full story]", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/14/5", "start": 26511, "end": 27602 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-bcaf8952aa00007f311e0ccf", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/14/5/0/1", "start": 26521, "end": 26646 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/75d063ebda7dd797c0ae9534970ab3ec2f9b09525aca07bfc7d6c962c7d3dc75.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Muse Tesfai Mikael", "href": "/documents/2b88950ec3a803bbacc181b7/" }, { "text": "1973-1975" } ] }, { "id": "b-5dc22d1d9fdf52246b0d9b9c", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/14/5/0/2/6/0", "start": 26838, "end": 26976 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-9e80cf21aefd644be331bc93", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/14/5/0/2/7/0", "start": 26990, "end": 27128 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-ef44aa0f16982262e3977074", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/14/5/0/2/8/0", "start": 27142, "end": 27280 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-bd81408fbdb40a04b8b3bbcc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/14/5/0/2/9", "start": 27288, "end": 27584 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Yohannes Sebhatu, Tareke Yihdego & Afworki Teklu", "href": "/documents/9314b50c7face6498929f752/" }, { "text": "\n 1973-1975" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/16", "start": 27618, "end": 31814 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/16/1", "start": 27629, "end": 28373 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-d54e8083b4545b34051aae6d", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/16/1/0/1/0", "start": 27650, "end": 27776 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/95ffaacb2700f760f1d53667979b8aa7ea4fa0ba705a7d2d84da620c8419e8b5.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-fa4f5f0b74e992df22dac6a9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/16/1/0/1/1", "start": 27777, "end": 28015 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The mysterious death of Dr. Fitsum 1971", "href": "/documents/0713bdfcc0025281cc8190b7/" } ] }, { "id": "b-798cf7838bbaf2191abe32b4", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/16/1/0/5/0", "start": 28049, "end": 28176 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/401d8adef28ffd945fd191ae6825c687c9e63724cfabc2619179a04f85ee4ce8.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-eeba8790d37a915f67716b73", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/16/1/0/5/1", "start": 28177, "end": 28181 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mahmoud Ibrahim-chekini was murdered in the Sahel, 1972", "href": "/documents/e77ba7df32924257f92432e7/" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/16/3", "start": 28381, "end": 31465 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-d5a747e476ac962777700d01", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/16/3/0/1/0", "start": 28402, "end": 29352 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In the early 1970s there was a question about the death of Dr Fistum in the ELF. Dr Fitsum could be one of of the Addis Ababa University students who was recruited by Kidane Kiflue in the mid 1960. In 1970 Dr Fitsum and other members of GUES accused Kiyada Ama (ELF leadership) of murdering Kidane and Giday. This was ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " at the meeting of Eritrean students in Munich in the summer ", "href": "/documents/c980189267e99bdae66a475e/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "which Dr Fistum chaired. After this meeting member of GUES split into two group. However, Dr Fistum joined the ELF which was the probable cause of his mysterious death in 1971. Huri Tedla who was one of the supporters of the ELF at the Munich meeting in 1970, and in 1971 who became vice chair man of the ELF was probably behind the conspiracy which lead to Dr Fistum killing by the ELF fighter(Abrahale) in 1971. ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "He was a member of the ‘other’ 19-person Executive Committee Elected by 1st ELF Congress in 1971", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": "." } ] }, { "id": "b-456fa55e9c88a0330e266d06", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/16/3/0/5/0", "start": 29508, "end": 29646 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mahmoud Ibrahim Muhammad Saeed (Chekini)", "href": "/documents/2b5ad847e2b9b915096dd8ed/" }, { "text": "\n He was the political envoy of zone two (during the period (end 1965 when the ELF divided the Eritrean forces into 4 military administrative zones and then 5). He went to China for training with the first group who went there." } ] }, { "id": "b-850460bc418764c4f443eb3d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/16/3/0/7/0", "start": 29898, "end": 30234 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Regarding his death according to the ELF \" he was killed (martyred) during the first Eritrean civil war. So, Eritrean lost a brave, intelligent and nationalist hero, in a useless civil war. He had the qualities of promising leadership.\". However, according to a reliable sourceMahmoud ibrahim -chekini was murdered in the Sahel, 1971." }, { "text": " He was a member of the ‘other’ 19-person Executive Committee Elected by 1st ELF Congress in 1971.", "marks": [ "underline" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-ae2b2adcc909c2db96479cf5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/16/3/0/9/0", "start": 30358, "end": 30362 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Habte Selassie was executed for having allegedly “spied” for the Ethiopian Government and the CIA in 1975. Regarding this Ammar (2004) states that Habte-Selassie was killed for having know to much about the meetings at Kagnew Station and the differences that emerged among the leaders of the faction. Indeed Habte Selassie played an active role in organizing the meetings at Kagnew Station with Tesfa Michael Georgo. Tesfa Michael Georgo was killed by the EPLF in Addis Abeba in 1993 also for having know the secret talk which was held between Issays and Richard Copeland, from the CIA .(According to some source his true name is Miles Copeland who reruited Abdel Nasser) ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Find more about the story of Issayas secret meeting with the CIA representative in the early 1970.", "href": "/documents/8198020f6c51b30ee543c0bc/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/16/5", "start": 31473, "end": 31804 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-b9fe6cc27466cb732250115d", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/16/5/0/0", "start": 31482, "end": 31605 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/df750bd5f79b94850f24460966c4c387e9d872523fd35fab4aed0003f08de26d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Habte-Selassie G/Medhin", "href": "/documents/9314b50c7face6498929f752/" }, { "text": " 1973-1975" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/18", "start": 31820, "end": 34034 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/18/1", "start": 31831, "end": 32766 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-3c8e3c9955fb0ee77c08615f", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/18/1/0/0", "start": 31840, "end": 31978 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-6bd7cc8f57d2f17aa549698c", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/18/1/0/1", "start": 31979, "end": 32117 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-ebcf07597a9a2607fd0bae3b", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/18/1/0/2", "start": 32118, "end": 32256 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-633935f9005e16138f628a38", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/18/1/0/3", "start": 32257, "end": 32395 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-fdc5eee46c3fc2ddae703f98", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/18/1/0/4", "start": 32396, "end": 32558 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ፡ዋሕዚ ሓድሽ ሓይሊን ስግኣት ዓብደላ እድሪስን", "href": "/documents/6242ba8399b0627dbde69a19/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "\n ምንቅስቓስ ፋሉልን ናይ ቅንጸላ ስጉምቲን", "href": "/documents/08712959e567b74c6a805b1d/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "1976-1977" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/18/3", "start": 32774, "end": 33549 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-ad40f7565453f306283a9ea6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/18/3/0/0", "start": 32781, "end": 32785 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tesfu Kidane & Debesai Gebreselassie were executed in 1979 at Arag, when" }, { "text": " Ali Said was the Head of “Halewa Sewra”Gestapo section of the EPLF 1977 -1987", "href": "/documents/433f356c260b4705c434dc96/" } ] }, { "id": "b-fb3545fabb34a9c0d1ce5989", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/18/3/0/0", "start": 32781, "end": 32785 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "In 1977 the conflict between those who were seeking greater democracy (the Falul movement) and the ELF leaders who were against change led the ELF leaders to take military action ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "against the Falul", "href": "/documents/74cee37c86def987e5437c83/" }, { "text": "." } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/18/5", "start": 33557, "end": 34024 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-7bd6c8fbeafe9cef0d96aa20", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/18/5/0/0", "start": 33564, "end": 33702 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-1a8dfc3b374188dbc5fcee72", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/18/5/0/1", "start": 33703, "end": 33841 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Debesai & Tesfu", "href": "/documents/9314b50c7face6498929f752/" }, { "text": " 1973-1979" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/20", "start": 34040, "end": 36462 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/20/1", "start": 34051, "end": 34946 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-49ad3c82a813bb4d1dcec684", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/20/1/0/1/0", "start": 34072, "end": 34196 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/3d5e5b731f9974d250a4e862a03c2f2df3c60af04333c028dea54400073582bd.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Abdul kadir Rohmedan", "href": "/documents/a452080be5d001e45009c9b1/" }, { "text": " 1978" } ] }, { "id": "b-3425fa70f10150315b27eb33", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/20/1/0/3/0", "start": 34620, "end": 34758 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Abdu Muhammad Ali Raji", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-04661a7679f0a0a1a6c78d57", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/20/1/0/4/0", "start": 34824, "end": 34924 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He was martyred along with martyr Abdul Kader Ramadan. It was said that they were killed by “Falul”." } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/20/3", "start": 34954, "end": 36185 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-71b99b41c6bd99645dc41fea", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/20/3/0/0", "start": 34961, "end": 35573 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Keshi (2003) states that ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Seyoum Harasta", "href": "/documents/b7d93b5799e7925e35b17acd/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " (who became the ELF-RC Chairman after Ahemed Nassir) grew faster through the rank and file of the old ELF than anybody else. He became the mouthpiece of ELF leaders in campaigning against the grassroots movement in 1977. In the 1970s the victms of the ELF leaders were not only Falul but also those fighters who crticized the leadership of the ELF. Those who were eliminated under different cover up Yemin, Dugul Yemin, Dugul Falul).", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-694e5178c2bb81ecf1c782ee", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/20/3/4/0", "start": 35609, "end": 35770 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Wodi Woldu was released from Halewa Sewra after 5 years of imprisonment in 1979. This was after his self-criticism for being", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " ", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": "actively involved ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "in the 1973 Menka movement", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": " . However, a year after his release news came about his tragic death. According to the EPLF, Wodi Woldu was killed in a road accident somewhere in Arag road while he was on honeymoon", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/20/5", "start": 36193, "end": 36452 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-f8464ad7f129aef4b3a75c42", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/20/5/0/0", "start": 36200, "end": 36338 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-644b94eb1859ccabe87fdf8e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/20/5/0/1", "start": 36339, "end": 36343 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The mysterious death of Wodi Woldu 1980" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/22", "start": 36468, "end": 38417 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/22/1", "start": 36479, "end": 36791 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-7a5b9fdfd367c784ef30bb66", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/22/1/0/0", "start": 36488, "end": 36612 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/6d601679230733f06092adb45eff4492d6a4ed31cac431590159e56969577f88.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Saed Hussien", "href": "/documents/691455404c52fcf886db9b6a/" }, { "text": " 1978" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/22/3", "start": 36799, "end": 37891 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-4a3d7d099b8e89b985a575ed", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/22/3/0/0", "start": 36806, "end": 37315 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Dehab Tesfatsion& Aberash Melke were reportedly discharged (", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "terefiten", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": ") . However, there has not been any news about them from their friends or relatives since then . According to a reliable source both of them refused political indoctrination and self-criticism consequently executed at Gerger (Belekat) in 1979, This was when Wodi Woldu and other who participated in the Menka movement were released from Halewa Sewra[ EPLF’s prison ] after their self-criticism in 1979.", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-ab4e62f633c591aec215240f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/22/3/2/0", "start": 37344, "end": 37456 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Woldenkel Haile", "href": "/documents/c632c57eaa76e348a9438b7c/" }, { "text": " was a very distinguished military leader. He made clear his stand on the Menka ringleaders when he was the head of the security department in 1973. " }, { "text": "Woldenkel said that the Menka ringleaders did not commit a crime apart from breaking military discipline rule.", "href": "/documents/5c6d5781439d76b695c3914d/" }, { "text": " This was completely different from Issayas." } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/22/5", "start": 37899, "end": 38407 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-5a846ec8abd58c30890ff4e6", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/22/5/0/0", "start": 37908, "end": 38043 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/a3c6799704af700473bf455545ffaa774362482f047efacc5bff708cda817e92.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-0b7423f4cbfbbf791961bef4", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/22/5/0/1", "start": 38044, "end": 38179 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/a3c6799704af700473bf455545ffaa774362482f047efacc5bff708cda817e92.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-3ae8109855f1ff99af27f2b0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/22/5/0/2", "start": 38180, "end": 38206 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Dehab Tesfatsion&Aberash Melke ", "href": "/documents/7bc0e7c04eb2098c01053507/" }, { "text": "1973-1979" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/24", "start": 38423, "end": 40114 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/24/1", "start": 38434, "end": 38867 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-082387ec78961b54adf6b275", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/24/1/0/0", "start": 38443, "end": 38567 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/36c0a54d5cc8f71e3f8eca02b166ac9f9cba35a4720b9ccffa65c7ce06ca1302.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Omer M. Suba", "href": "/documents/0dfb6a80bf6ed6e59bd6a0fe/" }, { "text": " 1978" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/24/3", "start": 38875, "end": 39631 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-c989b180692959ce9a20e142", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/24/3/1/0", "start": 38885, "end": 39604 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As a consequence of this Weldekel was removed from the EPLF security Department and sent to the Hailitat in 1974 . Furthermore he was not elected for the Central Committee in 1977 which was a surprise to everyone. Others faithful to Issayas became members. Weldekel was the most well-known military leader next to Ibrahim Afa and had led the Eritrea People’s Liberation Army to victory at the strategic town of Segeneti in 1977 but Woldenkele was killed shortly after the victory by an unidentified gunman at Segeneti, his birth place in 1977. When this occurred there was a radio message in this code \" Itia Abai Lham Ab Mereta Wediqa\", meaning that the great leader rest on his birth place." } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/24/5", "start": 39639, "end": 40104 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-30dbd2b420852b285945cd0f", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/24/5/0/0", "start": 39648, "end": 39786 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-328eb95d118ced2c445b6cbd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/24/5/0/1", "start": 39787, "end": 39791 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The mysterious death of Weldekel Haile", "href": "/documents/dc0fd1fb1c695df65a49517c/" }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "1977", "href": "/documents/dc0fd1fb1c695df65a49517c/" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/26", "start": 40120, "end": 42677 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/26/1", "start": 40131, "end": 40577 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-ab05f00a3728b32e4e6733e8", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/26/1/0/0", "start": 40140, "end": 40265 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/7febc2fd207ff4bc8a989ba056af5a43801053558f598665275f6a83e0f0e1d3.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Ahmed Ibrahim M", "href": "/documents/0dfb6a80bf6ed6e59bd6a0fe/" }, { "text": " 1978" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/26/3", "start": 40585, "end": 42313 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-d00400744989de11313cc2b6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/26/3/0/1/0", "start": 40606, "end": 40636 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Similar to the 11 former government ministers and EPLF leaders (G15) who were arrested 2001, Tewolde Eyob was arrested, in 1975 without having committed any crime. Tewelde was arrested as a result of a conspiracy by Mesfin Hagos and Solomon W/Mariam after he disagreed with them and other members of the EPLF leadership over the arrest of the ringleaders of Menka . Tewolde who split from the ELF\n in 1969 said that in terms of respect for justice he could not see any difference between the ELF and EPLF leaderships. Consequently he, too, was arrested in 1975 and was executed in 1980." } ] }, { "id": "b-f3671002b346cb9214f13a91", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/26/3/0/3/0", "start": 41274, "end": 41407 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Meharena Hadgu who was a former prisoner described Tewelde Iyob and the circumstance how was he arrested in the following words" } ] }, { "id": "b-07bb69215077af90a281e241", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/26/3/0/3/0", "start": 41274, "end": 41407 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " He said let us democratically solve the situation. When it was said this movement was destructive, Tewelde said no, this is a conflict only not a destructive one and we can lead them to the right way, it is not a criminal charge, but was said he\n too was against Shabia and eliminated. \n The Menka movement started in September and Isayas talked of it in January. A paper is lost written by Tewelde Eyob \"at Adobha meeting we claimed our youth were killed and we condemned the ELF. This will be our everlasting condemnation, the case must met democratically changed.\" He was charged to becoming Menka and secretly demoted from top leadership post. He was imprisoned in June or July of 1974 and killed like the Menka. We all knew he was killed. Nothing is kept secret forever. Some secrets are known from leaders." } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/26/5", "start": 42321, "end": 42667 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-295bfd4a1f5ca6f870430d7c", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/26/5/0/0", "start": 42330, "end": 42463 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/69adbde836f1ef705e37914eab7daf3964f24ec0db12e84e8050cefc5b689186.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Tewolde Eyob", "href": "/documents/4f1a8a24c96c071122b8e2cd/" }, { "text": " 1975-1980" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/28", "start": 42683, "end": 44657 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/28/1", "start": 42694, "end": 43005 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-d2a6142fb9e4550194bf96f6", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/28/1/0/0", "start": 42703, "end": 42827 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/65ebc76e151d2cca9552965ca3aaff4bdb36e1294180a6dcc6905ab4ab6e9cbe.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Haji Saleh", "href": "/documents/0dfb6a80bf6ed6e59bd6a0fe/" }, { "text": " 1978" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/28/3", "start": 43013, "end": 44172 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-a7d2e1542d5bcd9250d69dec", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/28/3/1/0", "start": 43042, "end": 43381 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In late 1977 Petros Yohannes joined the EPLF together with Yemane Monkey and Girma Asmerom from the USA. When Petros was member of ENASA in the USA, he had started inquiring about the injustice of the Menka group's arrest. Because of this he became a target of the EPLF that eventually caused to his mysterious death in 1978. \n Petros probably came to the field to work with Andebrehan who was the head of the English editorial board at the EPLF's Department of information in the field. Shortly after he arrived to the field he went for tour with Yemane \n Monkey and Grima. While they were in their journey came the tragic news that Petros had been killed in a road accident somewhere between Ginda and Decemhara. This was \n " }, { "text": " ", "href": "http://localhost/ehrea/ena.php" }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "the EPLF version", "href": "/documents/bc5211841beb45a01c887a15/" }, { "text": ". There remains a suspicion about how in such a serious accident Yemane and Girma survived unharmed?" } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/28/5", "start": 44180, "end": 44647 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-f3a8782256caa95ece378116", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/28/5/0/0/0/0", "start": 44300, "end": 44426 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/80fb6cc522df895839aed811b67f08a90fd619c4f0b981d647278ac1b2df9566.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [], "href": "/documents/5a3136ead959b7c0e898e1d0/" }, { "id": "b-bf892992c57a7e7ba44b297d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/28/5/0/0/0/1", "start": 44427, "end": 44431 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The mysterious death of Petros Yohannes", "href": "/documents/5a3136ead959b7c0e898e1d0/" } ] }, { "id": "b-32c0f330632a91f63b23ace1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/28/5/0/1", "start": 44498, "end": 44515 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1978" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/30", "start": 44663, "end": 47743 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/30/1", "start": 44674, "end": 44992 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-f051c113df691c346ab89e08", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/30/1/0/0", "start": 44683, "end": 44810 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/72f8c7b71e7159d433f2f9df59d3658f254f3a5c29d4c1657b44c9165079e508.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Ibrahim Mahder ", "href": "/documents/0dfb6a80bf6ed6e59bd6a0fe/" }, { "text": "1978" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/30/3", "start": 45000, "end": 46932 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-e2328b03c865737281ae9929", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/30/3/0/3/0", "start": 45051, "end": 45117 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mengisteab with other members of EFLNA participated in the EPLF " }, { "text": "Organisation’s first congress", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " in the beginning of 1977. In 1979 " }, { "text": "the EPLF attituted toward the Soviet ", "href": "/documents/bc5211841beb45a01c887a15/" }, { "text": " was raised. The undemocratic culture of the EPLF was criticised by " }, { "text": "member of ENASA", "href": "/documents/d32b696f110c4a1665dd45c5/" }, { "text": ". This protest movement is known in the history of the EPLF's Na Semien America Menkiskase.( North America Movement) . Mengisteab Yisaq, the chair of EFLNA/ENASA was also strongly critical of the EPLF foreign policy for not denouncing the Soviet Union. For this reason Megisteab became a target and was murdered by the pro EPLF group in ENASA. Hagos kisha who was a member of this group continued his destructive role by splitting the ENASA and condemning the Mengisteab Yisaq's group. He was also involved in collaboration with the EPLF leaders in asking Tewdros Hadgebes who was from the Mengisteab Yisaq's group to visit the field(Meda) where he was executed on 21/2/80 at the " }, { "text": "EPLF's prison Halewa Sewra", "href": "/documents/2b88950ec3a803bbacc181b7/" }, { "text": ". " }, { "text": "Read full story of this", "href": "/documents/3d015c073c5fff888aadb989/" } ] }, { "id": "b-c1518406b6d1ae108ccd83eb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/30/3/0/5/0", "start": 46560, "end": 46645 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Azieb a former member of the ENASA described the EPLF in the following words \n \"Shabia has a long history of killing its own people. Had the ELF-NA " }, { "text": "(6)", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " been in the field in Eritrea, they, too would have been Shabia victims, just like Menka\"\n . Afwork, Azieb ( 2002)" } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/30/5", "start": 46940, "end": 47733 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-5b30c9207e495b9705da828e", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/30/5/0/0/0", "start": 47054, "end": 47192 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [], "href": "/documents/5a3136ead959b7c0e898e1d0/" }, { "id": "b-7eeb3c2e444436c6052c68d4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/30/5/0/0/1", "start": 47193, "end": 47267 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The mysterious death of Mengisteab Yisaq", "href": "/documents/5a3136ead959b7c0e898e1d0/" } ] }, { "id": "b-113311bfb28769a9b31fed25", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/30/5/0/1", "start": 47272, "end": 47272 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1979" } ] }, { "id": "b-42b044cacefd3630a80ebe48", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/30/5/0/4", "start": 47411, "end": 47549 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Tewdros Hadgebes 1980", "href": "/documents/60ebb1522d6988e7f2367774/" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/32", "start": 47749, "end": 50992 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/32/1", "start": 47760, "end": 48060 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-1576d73f129b96cc5cf80ef4", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/32/1/0/0", "start": 47769, "end": 47893 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/78d2f046d822394d093f8316bc1ca59d60729c3ae261026eef5e7c0da0da3c08.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "M.Mansur", "href": "/documents/0dfb6a80bf6ed6e59bd6a0fe/" }, { "text": " 1978" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/32/3", "start": 48068, "end": 50343 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-9f06e08b580ac53263053d58", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/32/3/0/1/0", "start": 48089, "end": 48389 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Many of the university graduates or students who newly joined the EPLF in 1975 became victims of the EPLF leaders because either they were educated or had links with the leader of the Bitsay Menkiskas, Goitom Berhe. Goitom Berhe a law graduate of Addis Ababa joined the EPLF in 1972 \n and translated a number of Marxist works to Tigrigna in 1975 . \n According to Fitwi (2004) Goitom wrote an article 'Who is the revolutionary?' handwritten in 30 pages. I and Alem Abraha read it at night with kerosene lamp, though it was forbidden to read the article. About two weeks from then, Goitom was taken away and never seen again. Alem Abraha was soon taken and killed. As Fitwi stated, in 1976 Goitom Berhe with his group were arrested on allegation of forming an\n underground movement called 'the Eritrean Revolutionary Party’and for his opposition to the arrest of Menka leaders,. Following his arresting all the literatures he translated were collected and burnt in 1976 ,\n Goitom and other suspected ring-leaders were executed in 1980. Regarding this, Sherman( 1980:64) stated that in 1976 perhaps as many as 200 young EPLF intellectuals were arrested. Many were executed for “radicalism” for\n following an alleged Maoist line or sometime known as Bitsay Menkiskas. Some of the victims included: Goitom Berhe, " }, { "text": "executed in 1978 at Gerger", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 2)Mesih Russom, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ";3) Tewolde Eyob, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 4)Teclai Ghebre-Kristos, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 5)Michael Bereketeab," }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 6) Haile Yohannesom, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 7) Samuel Ghebre-Dingil, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 8)Bereket Haile, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 9) Memhir Tecle Habte-Tsion, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ";10 Alem Abraha, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " and others." } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/32/5", "start": 50351, "end": 50982 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-652ea3d460328ff77d42d368", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/32/5/0/0", "start": 50360, "end": 50498 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-fbb9623b6a6676b45d26e3be", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/32/5/0/1", "start": 50499, "end": 50637 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-9735373bc1b6513146aa2880", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/32/5/0/2", "start": 50638, "end": 50776 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Bitsay& & his fellows", "href": "/documents/2b88950ec3a803bbacc181b7/" }, { "text": " 1976-1980" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/34", "start": 50998, "end": 52601 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/34/1", "start": 51009, "end": 51326 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-39f449e7505bc1865012c629", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/34/1/0/0", "start": 51018, "end": 51142 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/3ef5f0b83005eb8d77f660af5b0580fc2714171fe8f59ec5d72d3e369649fe85.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "M.Shedeli Ismail", "href": "/documents/0dfb6a80bf6ed6e59bd6a0fe/" }, { "text": " 1978" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/34/3", "start": 51334, "end": 52267 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-fe2b87ff0eb6615df0dae810", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/34/3/0/2/0", "start": 51362, "end": 51530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In 1978 there was another policy of purge and liquidation against Solomon and his group within the EPLF which will be mentioned briefly later. By coincident in the\n same year, there was also the declaration of war on the alleged Yemanwi kinfi (right wing) in 1978 by the ELF leadership in which many patriots were killed and liquidated by special ELF units in Dankalia. Among them were those 10 veterans ELF fighters who were killed by the ELF force in a place called Ibbi, Dankalia on 22 May 1978 were\n 1)" }, { "text": "Saed Hussien", "href": "/documents/691455404c52fcf886db9b6a/" }, { "text": " co-founder of the ELF in Cairo in 1960, 2)Omer M. Suba, 3)Ahmed Ibrahim 4) Omer M.Omer5)Haji Saleh 6)Ibrahim Mahder\n 7)M.Mansur 8) M.Shedeli Ismail 9)Abdu Idris A. 10)Adem Ibrahim Al Haj" } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/34/5", "start": 52275, "end": 52591 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-b1e0e03db2b241efa08b29f8", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/34/5/0/0", "start": 52284, "end": 52422 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Twolde", "href": "/documents/42a5c574dce1f96cbe69c2cc/" }, { "text": " 1978" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/36", "start": 52607, "end": 54584 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/36/1", "start": 52618, "end": 52932 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-3452815350fe8d28c353cbae", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/36/1/0/0", "start": 52627, "end": 52753 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/756ee4cde0bde0cd4ad215b83e9b9bbd14d92156059cf6ecf5c9b160b4c5243a.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Abdu Idris A.", "href": "/documents/0028a1e008e989baac13c064/" }, { "text": "1978" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/36/3", "start": 52940, "end": 53960 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-59079222b1e205c6b29db48c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/36/3/0/1/0", "start": 52961, "end": 53137 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The liquidation of the 10 veterans ELF fighters were", "href": "/documents/e62c39e4a6f5103da04acfff/" }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "confirmed by Ahemed Naser", "href": "/documents/4511b7f197d6cc6984cdb6ff/" }, { "text": " who was the chair man of the ELF at that time in the following\n We foiled this reactionary project by resolutely liquidating these elements on May 22, 1978. The Eritrean Liberation Army units assigned this duty executed it perfectly.” One of those martyrs was Hussen the founder of the ELF in Cairo with Taha. Referring the ELF liquidation policy in 1970s there is also a report from other source about individual fighters who questioned the ELF leadership’s corruption and division were placed into the security’s hand and interrogated, imprisoned, tortured and killed" } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/36/5", "start": 53968, "end": 54574 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-da9aee87cbffcebb0f31e1b6", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/36/5/0/0", "start": 53977, "end": 54115 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Alem Abraha ", "href": "/documents/dd2af7de10248bdd8d15ffab/" }, { "text": "1976-1980" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/38", "start": 54590, "end": 57056 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/38/1", "start": 54601, "end": 54920 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-08c1fc49e59b4e8796e0e867", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/38/1/0/0", "start": 54610, "end": 54736 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/d53713a6cce987792e7a297610083baa8d0b74ba4c33e4e93beaec32517d98b2.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Omer M.Omer", "href": "/documents/01b1cd8e2353f9bc48620016/" }, { "text": " 1978" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/38/3", "start": 54928, "end": 56523 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-2f65ab1dfcf32d41ca840b2f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/38/3/1/0", "start": 54938, "end": 54938 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In the EPLF there was also a policy of purge and liquidation on the alleged Yemanwi kinfi (right wing) in 1978. Yemanawyan Menkiskas was the continuation of the democratisation movement. This movement against corruption in 1977-1978 was when most of the town had been liberated by the EPLF.Among those fighters killed for criticism against corruption of the EPLF leaders 1) Dr Eyob Ghebre-leul, educated in the USSR, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 2) Mehari Ghirma-Tsion, educated in the USSR who joined the EPLF withHaile Menkorias 1972, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 3) Ghebre-Michael Meharizghi; Addis Abeba university graduate, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 4) Hibret Tesfa-Ghaber, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 5) Kidane Abeito, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 6) Fissehaye Kidane (Germen), " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 7) Haile Jebha, former EPLF interrogation section chief," }, { "text": " executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 8) Araya Semere," }, { "text": " executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 9) Ammanuel Filansa; 10) Solomon Wolde-Mariam, key EPLF leader between 1970-1977," }, { "text": "executed in 1988 at Hishkeb ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " and, others. Mogos Fassil, Addis Ababa law graduate, narrowly escaped death by fleeing from gun-point." } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/38/5", "start": 56531, "end": 57046 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-922409a54a2759bd39d20dd4", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/38/5/0/0", "start": 56538, "end": 56676 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-4dee2cde4e5c0a4fd91e6601", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/38/5/0/1", "start": 56677, "end": 56815 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-8f82798bde5a412db0dd1c7a", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/38/5/0/2", "start": 56816, "end": 56954 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Dr Eyob & his fellows 1978-1980" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/40", "start": 57062, "end": 60318 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/40/1", "start": 57073, "end": 57392 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-46998939053006da922d5174", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/40/1/0/0", "start": 57082, "end": 57205 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/166eff62876e4d67f25b23665a05ab302e291b4e0b37798adaccc19b79fcd546.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Adem Ibrahim Al Haj", "href": "/documents/0dfb6a80bf6ed6e59bd6a0fe/" }, { "text": " 1978" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/40/3", "start": 57400, "end": 59966 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-eb01dc49bf2cb9efb95f93b1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/40/3/0/1/2/3/0", "start": 58090, "end": 58248 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Solomon Woldemariam ", "href": "/documents/51bd6560e1570a3fdbef9840/" }, { "text": "was one of the members of the EPLF\n leadership between 1970 and 1977. As mentioned earlier he played a key role with Mesfin Hagos in the arrest of Twolde Iyob in 1975. A year after Twolde was arrested, Solomon became a next target of Issayas and Mesfin Hagos during a period of preparation for the EPLF first organisational congress in 1976, and there was a strong campaign with Cader School (Bet temherti " }, { "text": "cader", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": ") against Solomon and his group such as Tesfamariam Wedi Basha(who is currently " }, { "text": "Eritrea's ambassador ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " to " }, { "text": "Israel", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": ") on the alleged Yemanwi .\n kinfi (right wing) by students at the school. As a result this campaign Solomon was not elected for the EPLF leadership or Central Committee at the EPLF's first organisational congress in 1977. After two years he was arrested through a conspiracy of Ali Yasina in 1979 and was executed in 1983. During the period that Solomon had been in the leadership and the head of Halewa Sewra many innocent fighters including Menka group were his victims. According him a large number of people were killed during he was in the leadership and the head of Halewa . He added that around one thousand fighters who participated in the Menka movement were rehabilitated after undergoing serious political indoctrination and self-criticism ( Mengiseab,49:2005)\n Regarding this when he was asked about them by the public at the meeting in Keren in 1978, " }, { "text": "he admitted that all of them were innocents.", "href": "/documents/51bd6560e1570a3fdbef9840/" } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/40/5", "start": 59974, "end": 60313 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-94672996be1448cc822a0433", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/40/5/0/0", "start": 59983, "end": 60117 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/46b06f0a3966e751e3dc8aec86d61141cdc978bd3481baa2858d9837f40c2a58.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Solomon Woldemariam", "href": "/documents/2c8cdcfca09949279e78f9fe/" }, { "text": " 1979-1983" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/41", "start": 60319, "end": 63417 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/41/1", "start": 60330, "end": 60889 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-93478ee5b28b40091f663c4e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/41/1/0/1/0", "start": 60351, "end": 60498 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ፡ ምትፍናን ዓብደላን መልኣከን ", "href": "/documents/c96be6458db07e000f643cce/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "1982" } ] }, { "id": "b-53403c42e451da65f2407fd8", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/41/1/0/1/4", "start": 60530, "end": 60656 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/602ebc9a270d630ed0ec45ebe37f04d8f937a42f32ae6a07d8d22183c4bedbb8.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-37c85cbb1817a61f872d6ce0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/41/1/0/1/5", "start": 60657, "end": 60661 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "መጋቢት 25፡ 2012 መበል 30 ዓመት ዝኽሪ ራሳይ", "href": "/documents/7da9b2187aa5585270c112c9/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/41/3", "start": 60897, "end": 63056 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-3b7bc0ef81ecc367511bf63f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/41/3/0/1/0/1/0", "start": 60955, "end": 60959 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In 1985 the death of Ibrahim Afa also raised another question whether he was killed by the enemy or by EPLF special unit force. Some people believe that the circumstances of Ibrahim Afa's death are not clear( Dawit, Daniel, 2001); others believe that Isayas Afwerki killed his long-time comrade. Ibrahim Afa (VKP, 2003). Ibrahim Afa’s death has become a matter of controversy (Pool, 2001). There is also some people believe that the military training centre at Sawa which is called \"Medeber Tailim Ibrahim Afa\" ( Ibrahim Afa Military Training Centre) is in fact a cover up for the mysterious circumstances of Ibrahim Afa’s death. " }, { "text": "Read more", "href": "/documents/76434e0edc4a23fa6ba99ffe/" } ] }, { "id": "b-35d0d02b1724632db69ad375", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/41/3/0/1/2/1/0", "start": 61827, "end": 61831 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In 1981 Abdella Idris was defeated by " }, { "text": "his long rival Issayas", "href": "/documents/23c1bdefd8af2ecfb070dc67/" }, { "text": " and lost power inside Eritrea. In 1982 Abdella Idris took military action against his opponents, the leaders of the ELF-RC, and Melake Tekele was killed by " }, { "text": "Abdella Idris", "href": "/documents/0593ebe72424a63e8f9b54de/" }, { "text": ".Since then both the " }, { "text": "ELF and ELF.RC leaders", "href": "/documents/aee090aced07571464bacacb/" }, { "text": " have become the main rival leaders within the " }, { "text": "opposition", "href": "/documents/26f21c2e42fbbd963ada6374/" }, { "text": " which caused a rift between the" }, { "text": " ELF RC and ENA in 2002 ", "href": "/documents/26eee3efe512a1bf7e7969e2/" }, { "text": " and " }, { "text": "The spilt of EDA in 2007", "href": "/documents/a4d4a64f7d9871f34509166e/" } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/41/5", "start": 63064, "end": 63412 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-d24d1f209704403baf5c9eff", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/41/5/0/0", "start": 63073, "end": 63200 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/23eebeac4ee1478b31ab4e4c39dde3a01d27ea114c5ad858443eb908429e702e.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-4da65033b81f7154dd99eeae", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/41/5/0/1", "start": 63201, "end": 63204 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The mysterious death of Ibrahim Afa 1985", "href": "/documents/fff4116475e0e66ad78d00bf/" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/42", "start": 63418, "end": 65551 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/42/1", "start": 63431, "end": 64673 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-2c45993953897ba5aefba585", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/42/1/0/1/0", "start": 63454, "end": 63592 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-7359b775122b5cf571bdb23f", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/42/1/0/1/1", "start": 63593, "end": 63731 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-074e46b78391a4c897ae6993", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/42/1/0/1/2", "start": 63732, "end": 63870 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-829fa4bd4ae206e48b8a7221", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/42/1/0/1/3", "start": 63871, "end": 64009 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-397ee68e91817437e8b52dbf", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/42/1/0/1/4", "start": 64010, "end": 64148 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-208eda27fda06505f7af672c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/42/1/0/1/5", "start": 64149, "end": 64401 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Crimes committed against civilians(Kunama people) by the founder of the armed struggle Idris Awate before 1961", "href": "/documents/cf869da80f545b6bd5102dc0/" }, { "text": " \n " }, { "text": "The legacy of Hamid Idris Awate,", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " to the Eritrean Gedli (struggle)", "href": "/documents/858bf296772d993b2a6f8702/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/42/3", "start": 64681, "end": 65325 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-a2acd27add9cb58f37082066", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/42/3/0/0", "start": 64690, "end": 64694 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In the 1980s Said Saleh, Woldedawit Temesgen, Idris Hangela, Mahmud Hasseb Haile Garz and others were also killed by the EPLF security inside Sudan. 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and EPLF leaders who should be blamed for the death of 3000 fighters in the civil war 1972-1974" }, { "text": "Abdalla Idris Mohammed, ELFsecond vice president\n Herui Tedla Bairu, ELF first vice president", "href": "/documents/fa48f6017b3cca8a5fe556f8/" }, { "text": "\n Issayas, ELF-PLF (Ala group) leader\n Idris Mohamed Adem, ELF Presiden Osman.S.Sabbe, EPLF Foreign Mission" } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": true, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/44/5", "start": 67110, "end": 67542 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-a7f851c52f88b3156b818c5d", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/44/5/0/0", "start": 67119, "end": 67242 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/566c020a4d2a69f654cd77131b53fe0d12cf8068fca8bec16e265442b54765e2.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-bdfad5f58347fc715729c555", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/3/1/44/5/0/1", "start": 67243, "end": 67409 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Civil war and accussions 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We were tied up day and night, except for three short food and toilet breaks. I was tied up for two weeks. One of us got very ill with bronchitis and there was no medical treatment. Some got paralysed in the arms and legs.\" -- An Eritrean deported from Malta in October 2002, speaking of detention in Adi Abeto prison. \"You can't ask about prisoners You have no right to ask.\" -- Source AI, UK The \"Jesus Christ\" Method Description: The victim is stripped to the wrists, wrists tied, and standing on a block with hands tied to a tree branch. the block is removed, leaving the victim suspended with the feet just off the ground in a crucifix-like posture. Beatings are inflicted on a bare back. This is said to be an extremely severe torture, restricted to only 10-15 minutes to avoid serious lasting injury This method was first reported from Adi-Abeto prision in 2003 The \"Helicopter\" Method Description: The victim is tied with rope by hands and feet behind the back, lying on the ground face down, outside in the hot sun, rain or freezing cold nights, stripped of upper garment. This is a punishment allocated for a particular number of days, the maximun reported being 55 days in the Dahlak Kebir island prison, but it is more often one or two weeks. The Prisoner is tied in this postion 24 hours a day, except for two or three short breaks for meals and toilet function The \"Torch\" or \"Number Eight\" Method Description: The victim is tied up by wrists behind the back and with the feet bound; a stick is placed under the knees and supported on a framework on both sides horizontally, and the body is turned upside down with feet exposed. The soles of the feet are beaten with sticks or whipped. The above illustrations was drawings by a former detaineee showing torture methods used by Eritrean security forces. © Private Ermias. Metal shipping containers, Typical shipping container, as used for imprisonment© Compass Direct Description: Metal shipping containers, brought from Assab and Massawa ports and used elsewhere for ordinary purposes such as for storage or even as shops, offices or homes, are now widely used to accommodate the expanding number of prisoners and also for punishment purposes. They have been reported at Sawa military training centre (where 57 religious prisoners were held in containers in mid-2003), Adi Abeto prison, Dahlak Kebir prison, Mai Serwa, Alla near Decamare, Mai Edaga near Decamhare, Mai Temenei in Asmara, Tehadasso army prison, and other prisons. 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The above illustrations was drawings by a former detaineee showing torture methods used by Eritrean security forces. © Private Ermias." } ] }, { "id": "b-98d00f0d05c2b06ded772455", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/2/1/0/1/6/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/0", "start": 16433, "end": 16498 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Metal shipping containers," } ] }, { "id": "b-47d217a3ade273e3282f91ec", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/2/1/0/1/6/1/0/1/0/3/0/1/0/1/2/0", "start": 16754, "end": 16880 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Typical shipping container, as used for imprisonment© Compass Direct", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-9184be95ff87429b90b009a7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/2/1/0/1/6/1/0/1/0/3/0/1/0/1/4/0", "start": 16947, "end": 16947 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Description:", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " Metal shipping containers, brought from Assab and Massawa ports and used elsewhere for ordinary purposes such as for storage or even as shops, offices or homes, are now widely used to accommodate the expanding number of prisoners and also for punishment purposes. They have been reported at Sawa military training centre (where 57 religious prisoners were held in containers in mid-2003), Adi Abeto prison, Dahlak Kebir prison, Mai Serwa, Alla near Decamare, Mai Edaga near Decamhare, Mai Temenei in Asmara, Tehadasso army prison, and other prisons." } ] }, { "id": "b-0c1498a2f4529b90586e2c4d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/2/1/0/1/6/1/0/1/0/3/0/1/4/1/0/1/0/1/0", "start": 18157, "end": 18190 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Source for all the above descriptions is excerpted from AI report" } ] }, { "id": "b-94daf3d0fa7dd829150c018d", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/2/1/0/1/6/1/0/1/2/1/0/1/0/1/0", "start": 18686, "end": 18814 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/43af86e794a3657d3c160ca640e22a8d03a7d46f9cab327b80fb42083bd2e143.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] } ], "anchors": {}, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/0", "start": 0, "end": 6968 }, "text": "Home Free Ermiasand Senait Debessay EHREA Who is Ermias Petition Contact Us About Us", "text_sha256": "875c75f554c2c2dfb1266cbd5ae83dc60368f014f436882e6012777daec0e8d9", "reason": "Inherited campaign-site menu", "evidence": "Entire first top-level div consists of Home/Petition/Contact/About navigation, before TORTURE METHODS article.", "kind": "curated-template" } ], "ambiguities": [ { "code": "unlabelled-table-records", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/2/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/0/3/0", "start": 12699, "end": 14234 }, "detail": "No unambiguous source header; 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Your overall experience, I mean from Embat’kala to Era’ero and your impression of what was happening to the prisoners? The prisoners could go out at least twice a day when they were in Embat’kala. Although we were prison guards, as a human being, one would ask oneself about their imprisonment and treatment. One would also ask if Embat’kala is better than Era’ero. When I look back, however, Embat’kala was a better place for them because they had more space and could see the surrounding area – cars and buses driving by along the road from Asmara to Massawa. The quality of the food was not that different from what the Eritrean military had for its daily ration. Those who had medical conditions such as diabetes were given a different kind of meal like teh’ni. At Era’ero however, they didn’t have that kind of privilege. Furthermore, the climatic conditions at Era’ero were too harsh for the prisoners and prison guards. Let alone inside the prison cells, it would be difficult to withstand the heat outside. The longer you stay there, the less able you are to recover from any illness that might have affected you. This is my observation. It has been reported that due to the harsh living conditions and ill-treatment, a number of prisoners have died in captivity. Other than the deaths of Joshua, General Okbe and Mahmood Sheriffo, who else do think survived or died at Era’ero prison? Joshua, General Okbe and Sheriffo died in Embat’kala. When I was in Era’ero, 12 more died. Can you recall their names? Their names are: Salih Kekiya Yusuf Aster Mehari Tesfameskel or Ghebremeskel (I am not sure – maybe Tesfameskel) Mohammed Sayed Hamid Himed Jermano Nati Mattewos Mehari Kidane These are the names – if I have not forgotten. Did they die at different times? What was the time span? What was the cause of their death? They died on various dates. Those who died in the early days of transfer to Era’ero were the ones who couldn’t cope with the new climatic and living conditions. They were affected by the sudden changes in circumstances. According to my observation, the list would include Saleh Kekiya, Aster and Yusuf. I cannot recall the exact date but I remember they died three days after they arrived at Era’ero. It was sudden then. Were they sick? When they were in Embat’kala, they had no illness. But soon after they arrived at Era’ero, the extreme heat drove them to their deaths within three or four days. Do you recall anything they said before they died? They did not say anything to me. They were attended by different people and I saw when they being given some medical attention. They died at the same time then? No. Yusuf died first. He arrived on the 5th of the month and I think he died on the day after. Aster died two days later and probably 3 days later, Saleh Kekia died. Someone was beside them when they died? Am I right if I say they were not found dead? Yes. Where were they buried, I mean the three of them? Their bodies were wrapped. The lights in their cells were switched off. Some people came to pick up their bodies during the night. But I don’t know where they took them. Do you know the name or names of any of those who took the dead bodies? I don’t know their names but it was all done by their ranks. Who was the head of Era’ero prison? Lieutenant Colonel Issak Araya’br (Wedi Hakim). Is he still the head of the prison? He was there when I left. The other nine who died later, did they die due to similar conditions or were there a different set of circumstances? They died under similar conditions but two of them committed suicide. In Era’ero ? Yes. Who were they? Tesfameskel? No it was Tesfagiorgis and Sayed. These two hanged themselves. These are the ones I know. Do you remember when? Tesfagiorgis died in 2004. Sayed died in 2005 or thereabouts. Who was Tesfagiorgis? People say that Tesfagiorgis was an administrator of Tsorona. I don’t know for sure. It is just the rumor that was circulating amongst us. And the other one? The other one was Ahmed Sayed. He was a journalist. Is it Abdelkadir or Ahmed Sayed? What did they use to hang themselves? I wasn’t there when it happened. I was not on duty but I was told that Sayed managed to unshackle himself and used some cloth to hang himself. Tesfagiorgis also used the same method. You were a prison guard who had government officials, journalists and other prisoners under your watch. How did you feel as an individual? When I was there, like everyone else, no one knew what the prisoners were charged for and we all thought it was a temporary thing. Everyone had that hope. Since we were part of the establishment, we were expecting that a proper procedure in a court of law would be conducted. We expected this would take place within months but it got worse and worse and went on for years and years. We began to see it as an act of cruelty with absolutely no compassion and some began to find their own way of resolving the situation. From what was happening in the prison when you were there, in what kind of circumstances do you think the prisoners find themselves at the moment? I mean for those who are there – the remaining 20, like you said? The way I see it, and from my experience, I don’t expect the prisoners will be allowed to leave the prison. It is how the system was working and I don’t expect it will change how it operates. Unless there is pressure from elsewhere, I don’t think they [implying the government] will take the initiative to release them. If they can keep them without any due process of law for so many years while the prisoners are dying of illness and much worse and instead of providing them with medical service but waiting for them to die, I don’t think anyone will come out alive. Out of the remaining 20, were there some who were suffering from serious illness – I mean from what you have observed? And who do you think are those in poor health? I don’t know much about medical conditions but to me, they looked very tired and not in good health. I would say that, at this moment, Haile Woldetensae would not be in good health and was going blind judging from the way he was taking food plates from my hands. I had the impression he was blind. Did he receive any medical attention? There wasn’t any medical service other than being provided with pain-killers or pills. Other than that, they have no medical service provided from outside. At one time, there was a medical doctor who came to see them without any medical instruments on him. Do you know his name? Dr. Haile Meh’tsun. I don’t know what he did for them. Did he come to see all of them? Yes, he came to see all of them and maybe discussed something with those on duty but I don’t know what they talked about. There were no prisoners that were treated and none of them were taken outside of the prison for medical attention. Other than Haile Woldetensae, do you know of any others who are in poor health? Alazar has problems with his backbone and his knees as well. He is in poor health. He suffers from diabetes. Dr. Siraj is incapable of standing straight. He has problems with his knees. Overall, however, I can say that they are all skinny and in poor health. What about Mariam? When she first arrived, she was very sick and required some assistance when she goes to the toilets. Sometimes, they used to carry her. At this moment however, I don’t know much about her internal health condition, but she looks well on the outside. Given the general prison conditions at Era’ero – conditions so harsh that they disable able-bodied people – how do individuals like Sayed Aba Arre, a former fighter who uses a wheelchair and was in prison for so long, cope in these kinds of circumstances? Is there anyone who looks after him? Is he provided with some help? He is not provided with any kind of support. He just moves around in his confined and limited space. Maybe it is God’s will that he is still well. He was disabled when he arrived. He would need someone to help him with his blanket and provide with some help but no one does. Does he talk about something or he just keeps quiet? Does he ask for help? I wouldn’t say he talks about this or that but the prison guards complain about him – like he was disturbing them. It is all reduced to complaints and disturbances and we don’t focus or talk about what he exactly said. I can say that he was talking but I don’t know what it was about. What do you talk about? I mean the supervisors or members of the security guard who were also working in those confined spaces – what do you discuss in your meetings or in those odd moments? We are not allowed to talk about anything that has something to do with why or what is going on. We don’t have the right. All we discuss about is how to be more efficient at what we do and improve our procedures in our daily activities. We don’t discuss about improving the living conditions of the prisoners or their rights either. It is all focused on security issues. We are told by our supervisors that prisoners’ issues are none of our concern and it is difficult to raise other matters in that kind of atmosphere. How do you address the prisoners? You don’t call them by their names? We don’t use their names. When we organize ourselves to deliver their food, we refer to them using numbers like no. 1 or no.2. This was our working procedure because if any of the prisoners leaves or dies, there will be a new one who replaces them but the number stays the same. I think this was done to prevent us or anyone who works there from knowing the names of those who were imprisoned. It became a habitual way of working. When you refer to the prisoners using numbers, can they hear you? Yes, they can hear us but what can they do? We all got used to it and sometimes we cannot be too careful. But they wouldn’t know who is imprisoned next to their cell. They have no idea. How was the overall prison guard system managed? What happens at night? Were they able to hear anything if any of the prisoners say or ask for something? The prison guards had two shifts a day. The first shift starts at 8:00 AM and ends at 12 noon and the second was from 1:00 PM to 6:00 PM. The night shift begins at 6:00PM and ends at 12 midnight and the next shift takes over until 3:00 in the morning. Then the last shift takes over from 3:00 AM to 8:00 AM. Did the prison guards hear anything – like talking and shouting from the prisoners – because it is more silent at night and they could possibly hear something? I don’t remember much happening at night because almost all are asleep. Once in a while, however, those prisoners who cannot sleep make intelligible sounds – like they are talking to themselves. You wouldn't know what they are saying unless you open the door and listen. It just sounds like someone talking in their sleep. Have you heard or received any final words or pleas from any of the prisoners? I didn’t. What could you observe about the prisoners’ facial expressions and what can you say about their spirit? I didn’t make much note about their facial expression but I could see a difference in their overall body strength. Even if they look alright, they keep on asking the medical person to provide them with different kinds of medicine every now and then. It has something to do with stress or some kind of mental condition. Was there a prisoner who tried to escape? I would say there wasn’t except for one attempt. He tried to escape at night but ended up at a sentry point by mistake. He was put back into his cell. Could you tell me his name? Seyoum Tsehaye. How was that possible? They are handcuffed for 24 hours. Are they in shackles as well? No, they are not in shackles. Are the handcuffs removed when they eat their meal? No, they are removed only when they wash themselves. Do they go to bed with the handcuffs on as well? Yes. How many times do they wash themselves in a week? Once a week, I think. They have their breakfast between 8 and 9 AM and that is when the water supply is switched on. They cannot wash themselves or do any washing with the handcuffs on. I can’t recall how many times a week they were allowed to wash themselves. I remember there was a timetable. Did they have any marks on their hands due to being handcuffed for 24 hours? Yes, they used to have them in the earlier times but not much later. Are there any members of the security guard, I mean someone like you, who managed to escape? And if there are any, would you tell me their names? Yes, there are many of them but I find it difficult to remember all their names. Where did they go? I wouldn’t be able to say where they had gone. All I know is that they have managed to escape. What happens, I mean after members of the security guard escape? How does it affect their colleagues and what would the supervisors do? Do they threaten you in some way? How do they react to the event? In general, we were not that bothered whenever a security guard escapes. However, you are fully aware that if you ever try to do the same and are caught in your attempt, you know that the consequences are heavy. If you are caught, you are put in prison conditions that are much worse. That is what we used to think and that is the way it is. When you decide to escape, you have to imagine that you could end up being caught, imprisoned or even get killed. You escape being fully aware of all these consequences. You are not treated like an ordinary person. The prison guards there are like they are in prison – they feel the pressure whether they are on duty or on leave. You are not allowed to meet people other than their families. If they come in contact with other people or friends, they will naturally ask questions about where you are working and so on. And since you cannot take cover by saying something you don’t know much about, you might put yourself in a compromising situation. You could be telling the truth or a lie but the danger is always there and so you are forced to stay away from people. Such is the magnitude of the pressure members of the security guard go through. In that sense, they are prisoners. They are off-duty for one month per year and during that time they are trying to avoid people and friends without proper and decent social exchanges. They always try to avoid people by giving the excuse that they have some work to do. It is difficult to engage in a normal conversation when people are telling you all about themselves and you cannot relate anything about yourself. It is all about trying to avoid such a situation. For how long can you keep on doing that? This is basically what a member of the security guard suffers from. Were there any members of the security guard who got caught trying to escape? Yes, there are. I didn’t see them in person but I have heard about them. Can you recall any names? Their names... there was Tecle who worked in finance and there was also Semret Fre. These two were caught trying to escape. Were they caught inside Eritrea, I mean before they crossed the borders? Yes. Do you know anything about what happened to them or what steps were taken afterwards? I don’t what steps were taken. However, before I left, I know that there was a discussion on what to do about Tecle (the person from finance). His case had something to do with his work and issues of corruption that was linked to his boss. That was about the time I escaped. I don’t how it all ended. If they find anything on them, they will be treated differently [from other prisoners]. As individuals, I mean you and your colleagues, what did you feel morally? You were under orders. But really, what were you feeling when you are the prison guards of your brothers, your people, your brothers-in-arms and former fighters who brought independence; heroes, journalists and educated people? What did you feel when they were perishing one by one right in front of your eyes? Like I said earlier, it is... has something to do with being naïve at first – say the first 5 or 6 months. We assumed that they would be brought to a court of law, get fair trial and be freed. However, when it was extended to a number of years, it was clear to everyone that it was merciless cruelty but there was nothing anyone could do except ask themselves: when will it end? It is painful. Why couldn’t they refer sick prisoners to a proper medical doctor? Why were members of the security guard unable to feel free and mingle with friends and other people? All these occupy his mind and affect his conscience. Did you ever talk or discuss about these issues with your colleagues, I mean when you were at work inside the prisons? We don’t discuss these issues seriously but we talk about them jokingly. You cannot talk about something that is over and done with. In fact, you cannot talk about it at all because you cannot trust anyone. As long as you are working there, you have no idea what they will be thinking about or what impression they will have of you. There could be consequences on your family or your own life and other consequences. If you come under their suspicion, you could lose your time off work. If you are caught red-handed, it is over. But when you are on the edge however, they are capable of driving you to a point where they exactly want you in ways you cannot think of. You do all you can to protect yourself and avoid all possible consequences. You have given an interview some time before and, some people questioned your Eritrean origins. They said that it is because Ethiopia has an agenda on Eritrean issues. What would you say to people with that kind of opinion? I am not Eritrean? [with a surprised smile] Shall I repeat the question for you? Yes [with a nod]. [The question is asked again.] I would say that nothing can be said to those who want to deny that. Those who know me know that I am Eritrean. If they keep on saying “whether it can fly or not, it is still a goat,” what can one say? For how long can they keep on lying? I have said what I saw and where I have been and it serves as evidence that I am Eritrean. There is nothing more I can say to them. You have been away for one year already. The prisoners who are still at Era’ero prison – with no hope and unable to withstand their ordeal – do you think there is any way they can survive with all their illnesses? After all these years in prison, I mean after all their suffering and illness, I don’t think they will come out alive. When it comes to their health, I mean those I left in good health, they are still alive. Who are they? Do you have any names? When I left, Petros Solomon, Beraki, Temesghen and Seyoum were in good health. As the years stretch however, your spirit, your strength and your consciousness are weakened, they could naturally follow the footsteps of those who passed away. Were there prisoners suffering due to mental health? I didn’t observe much about mental health conditions. However, I could say that Dawit – the journalist and not Dawit Issac – was the youngest. He might have gone mentally unstable. You would see him covering himself with a blanket even when it was hot. I would think that is a sign of mental instability. It is almost impossible to list the suffering of the Eritrean people. I am sure you know more than I do because you’ve seen it with your own eyes. I cannot say more about that. What could you say on what people can do to strengthen their fight against dictatorship? Like you just said, the suffering is getting worse but the people have to show their opposition otherwise there is no resolution. They are showing their opposition. The fact that half of the population has left the country is the evidence. It is a kind of opposition. It is not because they don’t have anything to eat. They could work but how? Every newborn is becoming a soldier. They are forced to abandon education to become soldiers and not being able to manage for themselves. All the schools built have no students in them. A student needs role models to aspire to and study to emulate them. All that you hear is youngsters saying why should they go to school when most of the older people they know are becoming soldiers. They are not interested. There aren’t many students willing to learn and those who do don’t have the ability to retain what they are taught. They are all trying to flee the country or in exile. And why? Only because they cannot settle in peace in the country. They cannot work and support their families. Every time one tries to do something or work somewhere, they take them away and force them to do national service. For lack of opportunities, the youngsters are finding themselves in a much worse situation. There is land and other means of engaging in work but there is no system that can provide it. If there are people who believe what the Government of Eritrea is doing is right and good for the country, they are mistaken. Let’s talk about the prisoners who spent at least 10 years in prison and ask what their contribution was for the independence of the country. They were put behind bars, hidden and out of sight. Until when though? Had the government had any care or been able to show any credibility, they could have put them in a court of law and go through proper legal procedures to set them free or give them the sentence they deserve. But the government couldn’t do that. All they did was put everyone in prison without any due process and care – it didn’t matter whether they were guilty or innocent. If there are people who deny such a situation in which people are being wiped out, they must have lost their mind. In relation to the questions and answers we had, is there any additional message you want to communicate? I have said all I could say and I don’t think there is anything left to add.", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "21634ebeb58d84acbd93bf8f", "source_sha256": "d6c96e24d264832c1a6015653fbda45a9873a0e0cbe40ebfa4d64e3882a4d7b6", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-e399a7245ecb90586f9941cc", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/0", "start": 0, "end": 94 }, "anchors": [], "level": 3, "content": [ { "text": "Interviewer: Elsa Chyrum Translator: Gabriel Guangul Date of interview: 4 January 2011" } ] }, { "id": "b-ba16a107d27c1c3972c6a615", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/0", "start": 99, "end": 175 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Source http://asmarino.com/interviews/1210-interview-with-eyob-bahta-part-ii-" } ] }, { "id": "b-d9228e613762bf887b1c653e", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/4", "start": 181, "end": 553 }, "anchors": [ "source-watch-headline-title2" ], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "[Part 1] HRCE's Elsa Chyrum Interviews Eyob Bahta ( Ex Eiraeiro Prison-Guard)", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fEs28Pwotz4&feature=related" } ] }, { "id": "b-b8465e43d376ddab975bcb8d", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/8", "start": 564, "end": 942 }, "anchors": [ "source-watch-headline-title", "source-eow-title2" ], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "[Part 2] HRCE's Elsa Chyrum Interviews Eyob Bahta ( Ex Eiraeiro Prison-Guard)", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=7hXjNTNJ5g4" } ] }, { "id": "b-fd0e9f6ebd3a03b68f434807", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/10/0", "start": 947, "end": 951 }, "anchors": [ "source-eow-title" ], "content": [ { "text": "What do you think was the difference between the time you started working as a prison guard and the time you left? Your overall experience, I mean from Embat’kala to Era’ero and your impression of what was happening to the prisoners?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-9e06a932327fc6f3139cb1c4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/12/0", "start": 1238, "end": 1965 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The prisoners could go out at least twice a day when they were in Embat’kala. Although we were prison guards, as a human being, one would ask oneself about their imprisonment and treatment. One would also ask if Embat’kala is better than Era’ero. When I look back, however, Embat’kala was a better place for them because they had more space and could see the surrounding area – cars and buses driving by along the road from Asmara to Massawa. The quality of the food was not that different from what the Eritrean military had for its daily ration. Those who had medical conditions such as diabetes were given a different kind of meal like teh’ni. At Era’ero however, they didn’t have that kind of privilege." } ] }, { "id": "b-817c07857dddf48bfa67e440", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/0", "start": 1974, "end": 2301 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Furthermore, the climatic conditions at Era’ero were too harsh for the prisoners and prison guards. Let alone inside the prison cells, it would be difficult to withstand the heat outside. The longer you stay there, the less able you are to recover from any illness that might have affected you. This is my observation." } ] }, { "id": "b-9c6e48597e815c737e50708f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/0", "start": 1974, "end": 2301 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "It has been reported that due to the harsh living conditions and ill-treatment, a number of prisoners have died in captivity. Other than the deaths of Joshua, General Okbe and Mahmood Sheriffo, who else do think survived or died at Era’ero prison?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-394bce85b2eaf359e496cf52", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/16/0", "start": 2609, "end": 2698 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Joshua, General Okbe and Sheriffo died in Embat’kala. When I was in Era’ero, 12 more died." } ] }, { "id": "b-5dd333b5ec7f3f29fac2fee8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/16/0", "start": 2609, "end": 2698 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Can you recall their names?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-ccafe5ba58075d22a6ac3be9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/18/0", "start": 2778, "end": 2793 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Their names are:\n Salih Kekiya\n Yusuf\n Aster\n Mehari\n Tesfameskel or Ghebremeskel (I am not sure – maybe Tesfameskel)\n Mohammed Sayed\n Hamid Himed\n Jermano Nati\n Mattewos\n Mehari Kidane\n These are the names – if I have not forgotten." } ] }, { "id": "b-db48dae9d62bb405d011d619", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/18/0", "start": 2778, "end": 2793 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Did they die at different times? What was the time span? What was the cause of their death?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-232ca1cce8397d26b92562bf", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/20/0", "start": 3218, "end": 3630 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "They died on various dates. Those who died in the early days of transfer to Era’ero were the ones who couldn’t cope with the new climatic and living conditions. They were affected by the sudden changes in circumstances. According to my observation, the list would include Saleh Kekiya, Aster and Yusuf. I cannot recall the exact date but I remember they died three days after they arrived at Era’ero. " } ] }, { "id": "b-cd1499a8ecaac118f4d4985b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/20/0", "start": 3218, "end": 3630 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "It was sudden then. Were they sick?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-a484e21574c8b8c20edaf253", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/22/0", "start": 3718, "end": 3884 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "When they were in Embat’kala, they had no illness. But soon after they arrived at Era’ero, the extreme heat drove them to their deaths within three or four days." } ] }, { "id": "b-936286ef504712a91d091219", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/22/0", "start": 3718, "end": 3884 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Do you recall anything they said before they died?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-3d199dee66ffcae0b136958f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/24/0", "start": 3987, "end": 4114 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "They did not say anything to me. They were attended by different people and I saw when they being given some medical attention. " } ] }, { "id": "b-7b821668e609a77ee2819bb4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/24/0", "start": 3987, "end": 4114 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "They died at the same time then?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-ffa59e4c1c83f76076dae64f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/26/0", "start": 4199, "end": 4370 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "No. Yusuf died first. He arrived on the 5th of the month and I think he died on the day after. Aster died two days later and probably 3 days later, Saleh Kekia died. " } ] }, { "id": "b-105ad1aa5adab76abe977c4d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/26/0", "start": 4199, "end": 4370 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Someone was beside them when they died? Am I right if I say they were not found dead?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-d89bb576262e2aea7be5983a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/28/0", "start": 4508, "end": 4512 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Yes. " } ] }, { "id": "b-a84cccd763356c18e331c7c0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/28/0", "start": 4508, "end": 4512 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Where were they buried, I mean the three of them?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-77a58bfea3b0941ad072ff2c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/30/0", "start": 4614, "end": 4789 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Their bodies were wrapped. The lights in their cells were switched off. Some people came to pick up their bodies during the night. But I don’t know where they took them. " } ] }, { "id": "b-e282f23926a6a4977bd51990", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/30/0", "start": 4614, "end": 4789 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Do you know the name or names of any of those who took the dead bodies?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-55dc72a02e5f6ed5896638d2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/32/0", "start": 4914, "end": 4973 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I don’t know their names but it was all done by their ranks." } ] }, { "id": "b-c8031805e0c677b4eeb5e30a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/32/0", "start": 4914, "end": 4973 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Who was the head of Era’ero prison?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-8076fc86ea8c76ed11ef1a7f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/34/0", "start": 5061, "end": 5107 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Lieutenant Colonel Issak Araya’br (Wedi Hakim)." } ] }, { "id": "b-f3a24c61a5437d05d3da3f80", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/34/0", "start": 5061, "end": 5107 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Is he still the head of the prison?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-675c536a87276fed10a3a035", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/36/0", "start": 5195, "end": 5219 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He was there when I left." } ] }, { "id": "b-8e685bb1e9d29c097176af9c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/36/0", "start": 5195, "end": 5219 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "The other nine who died later, did they die due to similar conditions or were there a different set of circumstances?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-40dbc63f38e711d5a0cafe0e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/38/0", "start": 5389, "end": 5457 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "They died under similar conditions but two of them committed suicide." } ] }, { "id": "b-5680dfae3625a38516ef4391", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/38/0", "start": 5389, "end": 5457 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "In Era’ero ?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-6a10d142cefdc4b0b3a7e85d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/40/0", "start": 5522, "end": 5525 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Yes." } ] }, { "id": "b-c84cc84790d0e948dfd73cbd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/40/0", "start": 5522, "end": 5525 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Who were they?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-fd8add798610565c34638e55", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/42/0", "start": 5592, "end": 5693 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tesfameskel? No it was Tesfagiorgis and Sayed. These two hanged themselves. These are the ones I know." } ] }, { "id": "b-ebf59a71e80c3b600033e238", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/42/0", "start": 5592, "end": 5693 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Do you remember when?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-b20ab401fb594b99eb41caca", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/0", "start": 5767, "end": 5828 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tesfagiorgis died in 2004. Sayed died in 2005 or thereabouts. " } ] }, { "id": "b-4a3a67f520c8aaad3d5c0012", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/0", "start": 5767, "end": 5828 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Who was Tesfagiorgis?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-45f1c20fa76b9d4e138ed17d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/46/0", "start": 5902, "end": 6043 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "People say that Tesfagiorgis was an administrator of Tsorona. I don’t know for sure. It is just the rumor that was circulating amongst us." } ] }, { "id": "b-a2a063c41b800eea13963812", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/46/0", "start": 5902, "end": 6043 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "And the other one?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-b497cb65b1f9ad8959859841", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/48/0", "start": 6114, "end": 6197 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The other one was Ahmed Sayed. He was a journalist. Is it Abdelkadir or Ahmed Sayed?" } ] }, { "id": "b-d88685c244fe1c752a080617", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/48/0", "start": 6114, "end": 6197 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "What did they use to hang themselves?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-57e9a75e41a66996a7531789", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/50/0", "start": 6288, "end": 6475 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I wasn’t there when it happened. I was not on duty but I was told that Sayed managed to unshackle himself and used some cloth to hang himself. Tesfagiorgis also used the same method." } ] }, { "id": "b-8f9d1303c4b66251712586de", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/50/0", "start": 6288, "end": 6475 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "You were a prison guard who had government officials, journalists and other prisoners under your watch. How did you feel as an individual?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-858cbd470c6e73d70706a1c0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/0", "start": 6670, "end": 7203 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "When I was there, like everyone else, no one knew what the prisoners were charged for and we all thought it was a temporary thing. Everyone had that hope. Since we were part of the establishment, we were expecting that a proper procedure in a court of law would be conducted. We expected this would take place within months but it got worse and worse and went on for years and years. We began to see it as an act of cruelty with absolutely no compassion and some began to find their own way of resolving the situation." } ] }, { "id": "b-88b6805b0bb29da5f990d5d7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/0", "start": 6670, "end": 7203 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "From what was happening in the prison when you were there, in what kind of circumstances do you think the prisoners find themselves at the moment? I mean for those who are there – the remaining 20, like you said?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-a5de6e59a8be4cc5a7b4d877", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/54/0", "start": 7474, "end": 8060 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The way I see it, and from my experience, I don’t expect the prisoners will be allowed to leave the prison. It is how the system was working and I don’t expect it will change how it operates. Unless there is pressure from elsewhere, I don’t think they [implying the government] will take the initiative to release them. If they can keep them without any due process of law for so many years while the prisoners are dying of illness and much worse and instead of providing them with medical service but waiting for them to die, I don’t think anyone will come out alive. " } ] }, { "id": "b-3eea287d1d50f7c8906717a2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/54/0", "start": 7474, "end": 8060 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Out of the remaining 20, were there some who were suffering from serious illness – I mean from what you have observed? And who do you think are those in poor health?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-08eb925e85f3376a78707506", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/56/0", "start": 8282, "end": 8588 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I don’t know much about medical conditions but to me, they looked very tired and not in good health. I would say that, at this moment, Haile Woldetensae would not be in good health and was going blind judging from the way he was taking food plates from my hands. I had the impression he was blind." } ] }, { "id": "b-33c8b20ef0e7093b526be262", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/58/0", "start": 8597, "end": 8659 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Did he receive any medical attention?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-e323c9ed4c1c9723c963cfb0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/60/0", "start": 8668, "end": 8932 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "There wasn’t any medical service other than being provided with pain-killers or pills. Other than that, they have no medical service provided from outside. At one time, there was a medical doctor who came to see them without any medical instruments on him. " } ] }, { "id": "b-21dba3924030aac8233d58fa", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/60/0", "start": 8668, "end": 8932 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Do you know his name?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-b05d3dcdf94a716a12b5419d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/62/0", "start": 9006, "end": 9059 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Dr. Haile Meh’tsun. I don’t know what he did for them." } ] }, { "id": "b-fc83a7c72538f3d31c08746b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/62/0", "start": 9006, "end": 9059 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Did he come to see all of them?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-160bbef1e26f7b6a673fc860", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/64/0", "start": 9143, "end": 9387 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Yes, he came to see all of them and maybe discussed something with those on duty but I don’t know what they talked about. There were no prisoners that were treated and none of them were taken outside of the prison for medical attention. " } ] }, { "id": "b-421ddebeb58122561dec370c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/64/0", "start": 9143, "end": 9387 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Other than Haile Woldetensae, do you know of any others who are in poor health?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-570a4c4d81c669a7057be4c9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/66/0", "start": 9520, "end": 9786 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Alazar has problems with his backbone and his knees as well. He is in poor health. He suffers from diabetes. Dr. Siraj is incapable of standing straight. He has problems with his knees. Overall, however, I can say that they are all skinny and in poor health. " } ] }, { "id": "b-38e2a2e77458399da2a091d0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/66/0", "start": 9520, "end": 9786 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "What about Mariam?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-3c2bbcb3db0374ff023b59bc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/68/0", "start": 9857, "end": 10114 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "When she first arrived, she was very sick and required some assistance when she goes to the toilets. Sometimes, they used to carry her. At this moment however, I don’t know much about her internal health condition, but she looks well on the outside. " } ] }, { "id": "b-cd365382e3e538e98c0eb762", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/68/0", "start": 9857, "end": 10114 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Given the general prison conditions at Era’ero – conditions so harsh that they disable able-bodied people – how do individuals like Sayed Aba Arre, a former fighter who uses a wheelchair and was in prison for so long, cope in these kinds of circumstances? Is there anyone who looks after him? Is he provided with some help?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-929a9f7bf9fd7550c279da22", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/70/0", "start": 10500, "end": 10781 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He is not provided with any kind of support. He just moves around in his confined and limited space. Maybe it is God’s will that he is still well. He was disabled when he arrived. He would need someone to help him with his blanket and provide with some help but no one does." } ] }, { "id": "b-64a6342a9344f1583df0b425", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/70/0", "start": 10500, "end": 10781 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Does he talk about something or he just keeps quiet? Does he ask for help?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-4d3c42603a737c2dc08e91a7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/70/0", "start": 10500, "end": 10781 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " I wouldn’t say he talks about this or that but the prison guards complain about him – like he was disturbing them. It is all reduced to complaints and disturbances and we don’t focus or talk about what he exactly said. I can say that he was talking but I don’t know what it was about." } ] }, { "id": "b-225f829316cca94a26072f97", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/70/0", "start": 10500, "end": 10781 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "What do you talk about? I mean the supervisors or members of the security guard who were also working in those confined spaces – what do you discuss in your meetings or in those odd moments?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-2144e34c3dcd7bcce1d20033", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/70/0", "start": 10500, "end": 10781 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " We are not allowed to talk about anything that has something to do with why or what is going on. We don’t have the right. All we discuss about is how to be more efficient at what we do and improve our procedures in our daily activities. We don’t discuss about improving the living conditions of the prisoners or their rights either. It is all focused on security issues. We are told by our supervisors that prisoners’ issues are none of our concern and it is difficult to raise other matters in that kind of atmosphere." } ] }, { "id": "b-aa5775ca27dabaf530a11e6f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/70/0", "start": 10500, "end": 10781 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "How do you address the prisoners? You don’t call them by their names?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-00a82c560af715ada4d46574", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/72/0", "start": 12123, "end": 12567 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "We don’t use their names. When we organize ourselves to deliver their food, we refer to them using numbers like no. 1 or no.2. This was our working procedure because if any of the prisoners leaves or dies, there will be a new one who replaces them but the number stays the same. I think this was done to prevent us or anyone who works there from knowing the names of those who were imprisoned. It became a habitual way of working. " } ] }, { "id": "b-aa2f1e8609c1e7c5294c8692", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/72/0", "start": 12123, "end": 12567 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "When you refer to the prisoners using numbers, can they hear you?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-232cf0af2071772a8286e3b3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/74/0", "start": 12685, "end": 12875 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Yes, they can hear us but what can they do? We all got used to it and sometimes we cannot be too careful. But they wouldn’t know who is imprisoned next to their cell. They have no idea." } ] }, { "id": "b-061d6fbb8ef27e4950d2e311", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/74/0", "start": 12685, "end": 12875 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "How was the overall prison guard system managed? What happens at night? Were they able to hear anything if any of the prisoners say or ask for something?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-d08a29fea111abaadf782458", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/76/0", "start": 13087, "end": 13402 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The prison guards had two shifts a day. The first shift starts at 8:00 AM and ends at 12 noon and the second was from 1:00 PM to 6:00 PM. The night shift begins at 6:00PM and ends at 12 midnight and the next shift takes over until 3:00 in the morning. Then the last shift takes over from 3:00 AM to 8:00 AM. " } ] }, { "id": "b-b0f5f0d6f7815606a34e2a24", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/76/0", "start": 13087, "end": 13402 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Did the prison guards hear anything – like talking and shouting from the prisoners – because it is more silent at night and they could possibly hear something?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-4aa7217dfbf88c4d0605bb05", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/78/0", "start": 13620, "end": 13951 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I don’t remember much happening at night because almost all are asleep. Once in a while, however, those prisoners who cannot sleep make intelligible sounds – like they are talking to themselves. You wouldn't know what they are saying unless you open the door and listen. It just sounds like someone talking in their sleep." } ] }, { "id": "b-6007cd08a899a9c0de975445", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/78/0", "start": 13620, "end": 13951 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Have you heard or received any final words or pleas from any of the prisoners?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-5151d94a47a7f3b503cb46eb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/80/0", "start": 14082, "end": 14090 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I didn’t." } ] }, { "id": "b-9bbaa59e03cf9e883e7e8c85", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/80/0", "start": 14082, "end": 14090 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "What could you observe about the prisoners’ facial expressions and what can you say about their spirit?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-8915fd36791da028cb4dbb1c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/82/0", "start": 14246, "end": 14573 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I didn’t make much note about their facial expression but I could see a difference in their overall body strength. Even if they look alright, they keep on asking the medical person to provide them with different kinds of medicine every now and then. It has something to do with stress or some kind of mental condition." } ] }, { "id": "b-9c300f2b3745198a5a2dd834", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/82/0", "start": 14246, "end": 14573 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Was there a prisoner who tried to escape?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-24341f38aa2867c35a967865", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/84/0", "start": 14668, "end": 14824 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I would say there wasn’t except for one attempt. He tried to escape at night but ended up at a sentry point by mistake. He was put back into his cell. " } ] }, { "id": "b-94beb2ecb81b72b29215d27a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/84/0", "start": 14668, "end": 14824 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Could you tell me his name?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-487ca532a84eba62163b4c46", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/86/0", "start": 14904, "end": 14918 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Seyoum Tsehaye." } ] }, { "id": "b-244276d8c529b5a65953eafc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/86/0", "start": 14904, "end": 14918 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "How was that possible? They are handcuffed for 24 hours. Are they in shackles as well?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-fee96609c6359eeabf0f1151", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/88/0", "start": 15057, "end": 15085 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "No, they are not in shackles." } ] }, { "id": "b-2a5ac4de08ff934a796411e5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/88/0", "start": 15057, "end": 15085 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Are the handcuffs removed when they eat their meal?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-517d527a7c9a22d62d4e22fb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/90/0", "start": 15189, "end": 15240 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "No, they are removed only when they wash themselves." } ] }, { "id": "b-2eb1cddd0e525384acfcfd00", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/90/0", "start": 15189, "end": 15240 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Do they go to bed with the handcuffs on as well?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-d595ba48b04eac8a7e5d14bd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/92/0", "start": 15341, "end": 15344 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Yes." } ] }, { "id": "b-7d83e21fe4cea700687cf8a1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/92/0", "start": 15341, "end": 15344 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "How many times do they wash themselves in a week?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-5e9489ad0a6ce1c07929ca4e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/94/0", "start": 15446, "end": 15750 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Once a week, I think. They have their breakfast between 8 and 9 AM and that is when the water supply is switched on. They cannot wash themselves or do any washing with the handcuffs on. I can’t recall how many times a week they were allowed to wash themselves. I remember there was a timetable. " } ] }, { "id": "b-1c31f47761b236d6a0f18106", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/94/0", "start": 15446, "end": 15750 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Did they have any marks on their hands due to being handcuffed for 24 hours?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-35bd913abd9d90e47191993a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/96/0", "start": 15879, "end": 15946 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Yes, they used to have them in the earlier times but not much later." } ] }, { "id": "b-ba23ec8c75125bb10d6574a0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/96/0", "start": 15879, "end": 15946 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Are there any members of the security guard, I mean someone like you, who managed to escape? And if there are any, would you tell me their names?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-7391c282fc095769cc405ca0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/98/0", "start": 16148, "end": 16228 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Yes, there are many of them but I find it difficult to remember all their names." } ] }, { "id": "b-c24c031a98c679ed10060d53", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/100/0", "start": 16237, "end": 16280 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Where did they go?", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-a47389f987a156069a979d09", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/102/0", "start": 16289, "end": 16382 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I wouldn’t be able to say where they had gone. All I know is that they have managed to escape." } ] }, { "id": "b-7189317569485d6d622c15b7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/102/0", "start": 16289, "end": 16382 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "What happens, I mean after members of the security guard escape? How does it affect their colleagues and what would the supervisors do? Do they threaten you in some way? How do they react to the event?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-5fc45a1e3f1c1e00871dfad4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/104/0", "start": 16642, "end": 18457 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In general, we were not that bothered whenever a security guard escapes. However, you are fully aware that if you ever try to do the same and are caught in your attempt, you know that the consequences are heavy. If you are caught, you are put in prison conditions that are much worse. That is what we used to think and that is the way it is. When you decide to escape, you have to imagine that you could end up being caught, imprisoned or even get killed. You escape being fully aware of all these consequences. You are not treated like an ordinary person. The prison guards there are like they are in prison – they feel the pressure whether they are on duty or on leave. You are not allowed to meet people other than their families. If they come in contact with other people or friends, they will naturally ask questions about where you are working and so on. And since you cannot take cover by saying something you don’t know much about, you might put yourself in a compromising situation. You could be telling the truth or a lie but the danger is always there and so you are forced to stay away from people. Such is the magnitude of the pressure members of the security guard go through. In that sense, they are prisoners. They are off-duty for one month per year and during that time they are trying to avoid people and friends without proper and decent social exchanges. They always try to avoid people by giving the excuse that they have some work to do. It is difficult to engage in a normal conversation when people are telling you all about themselves and you cannot relate anything about yourself. It is all about trying to avoid such a situation. For how long can you keep on doing that? This is basically what a member of the security guard suffers from." } ] }, { "id": "b-b9f2da3b0b8a00303147135d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/104/0", "start": 16642, "end": 18457 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Were there any members of the security guard who got caught trying to escape?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-d9c97b7f3439535faf7fc437", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/106/0", "start": 18587, "end": 18659 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Yes, there are. I didn’t see them in person but I have heard about them. " } ] }, { "id": "b-2867e2f5d4bde83a23129b93", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/106/0", "start": 18587, "end": 18659 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Can you recall any names?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-978626f9832de88d4b0fb96e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/108/0", "start": 18737, "end": 18859 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Their names... there was Tecle who worked in finance and there was also Semret Fre. These two were caught trying to escape." } ] }, { "id": "b-5bda39a0a6016243001e1732", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/108/0", "start": 18737, "end": 18859 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Were they caught inside Eritrea, I mean before they crossed the borders?", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-54819faefd9d816686b47c21", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/110/0", "start": 18975, "end": 18978 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Yes." } ] }, { "id": "b-9bd4c00db7092720e7cf6756", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/110/0", "start": 18975, "end": 18978 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Do you know anything about what happened to them or what steps were taken afterwards?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-1457203e1d626c40b68efe54", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/112/0", "start": 19117, "end": 19516 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I don’t what steps were taken. However, before I left, I know that there was a discussion on what to do about Tecle (the person from finance). His case had something to do with his work and issues of corruption that was linked to his boss. That was about the time I escaped. I don’t how it all ended. If they find anything on them, they will be treated differently [from other prisoners]." } ] }, { "id": "b-147e7ed16153ed05677da8bb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/112/0", "start": 19117, "end": 19516 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "As individuals, I mean you and your colleagues, what did you feel morally? You were under orders. But really, what were you feeling when you are the prison guards of your brothers, your people, your brothers-in-arms and former fighters who brought independence; heroes, journalists and educated people? What did you feel when they were perishing one by one right in front of your eyes?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-a320b67a0e27c2c2cd78c84f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/114/0", "start": 19966, "end": 20370 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Like I said earlier, it is... has something to do with being naïve at first – say the first 5 or 6 months. We assumed that they would be brought to a court of law, get fair trial and be freed. However, when it was extended to a number of years, it was clear to everyone that it was merciless cruelty but there was nothing anyone could do except ask themselves: when will it end? It is painful." } ] }, { "id": "b-f39562479573b221e3e0ba83", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/114/0", "start": 19966, "end": 20370 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Why couldn’t they refer sick prisoners to a proper medical doctor? Why were members of the security guard unable to feel free and mingle with friends and other people?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-f5e13216351d8c1368e34590", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/116/0", "start": 20595, "end": 20647 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "All these occupy his mind and affect his conscience." } ] }, { "id": "b-6bc0382439d8e39689163078", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/118/0", "start": 20656, "end": 20799 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Did you ever talk or discuss about these issues with your colleagues, I mean when you were at work inside the prisons?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-90f59ef0a60ab706745cd93b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/120/0", "start": 20808, "end": 21571 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "We don’t discuss these issues seriously but we talk about them jokingly. You cannot talk about something that is over and done with. In fact, you cannot talk about it at all because you cannot trust anyone. As long as you are working there, you have no idea what they will be thinking about or what impression they will have of you. There could be consequences on your family or your own life and other consequences. If you come under their suspicion, you could lose your time off work. If you are caught red-handed, it is over. But when you are on the edge however, they are capable of driving you to a point where they exactly want you in ways you cannot think of. You do all you can to protect yourself and avoid all possible consequences." } ] }, { "id": "b-b6d7c0f3d1c269a4776c8814", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/120/0", "start": 20808, "end": 21571 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "You have given an interview some time before and, some people questioned your Eritrean origins. They said that it is because Ethiopia has an agenda on Eritrean issues. What would you say to people with that kind of opinion?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-d9f5a4bd8a481dbdd655b791", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/122/0", "start": 21855, "end": 21898 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I am not Eritrean? [with a surprised smile] " } ] }, { "id": "b-cb05e93c860611f254eb3545", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/122/0", "start": 21855, "end": 21898 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Shall I repeat the question for you?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-a3e36db387e4fe81a802b664", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/124/0", "start": 21987, "end": 22003 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Yes [with a nod]." } ] }, { "id": "b-19945657f904deaaf47291ab", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/124/0", "start": 21987, "end": 22003 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "[The question is asked again.]", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-66dd2f3ca2049d08dc7baa95", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/124/0", "start": 21987, "end": 22003 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " I would say that nothing can be said to those who want to deny that. Those who know me know that I am Eritrean. If they keep on saying “whether it can fly or not, it is still a goat,” what can one say? For how long can they keep on lying? I have said what I saw and where I have been and it serves as evidence that I am Eritrean. There is nothing more I can say to them." } ] }, { "id": "b-a20575b15c5aa4345d9d48d6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/124/0", "start": 21987, "end": 22003 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "You have been away for one year already. The prisoners who are still at Era’ero prison – with no hope and unable to withstand their ordeal – do you think there is any way they can survive with all their illnesses?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-9daa1f63e4ec19002bad8664", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/126/0", "start": 22746, "end": 22958 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "After all these years in prison, I mean after all their suffering and illness, I don’t think they will come out alive. When it comes to their health, I mean those I left in good health, they are still alive." } ] }, { "id": "b-28b6634f98f3317fbbcda322", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/126/0", "start": 22746, "end": 22958 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Who are they? Do you have any names?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-45a9d9a16e85dbf02c89699d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/128/0", "start": 23047, "end": 23294 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "When I left, Petros Solomon, Beraki, Temesghen and Seyoum were in good health. As the years stretch however, your spirit, your strength and your consciousness are weakened, they could naturally follow the footsteps of those who passed away." } ] }, { "id": "b-503a7323b2f3ca12b5919d58", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/128/0", "start": 23047, "end": 23294 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Were there prisoners suffering due to mental health?", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-4f351254318ad4a245638c30", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/130/0", "start": 23390, "end": 23704 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I didn’t observe much about mental health conditions. However, I could say that Dawit – the journalist and not Dawit Issac – was the youngest. He might have gone mentally unstable. You would see him covering himself with a blanket even when it was hot. I would think that is a sign of mental instability. " } ] }, { "id": "b-b81488d36fe6e2b237ccb8e5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/130/0", "start": 23390, "end": 23704 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "It is almost impossible to list the suffering of the Eritrean people. I am sure you know more than I do because you’ve seen it with your own eyes. I cannot say more about that. What could you say on what people can do to strengthen their fight against dictatorship?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-d0b38e8373f471405a92f587", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/132/0", "start": 24030, "end": 25532 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Like you just said, the suffering is getting worse but the people have to show their opposition otherwise there is no resolution. They are showing their opposition. The fact that half of the population has left the country is the evidence. It is a kind of opposition. It is not because they don’t have anything to eat. They could work but how? Every newborn is becoming a soldier. They are forced to abandon education to become soldiers and not being able to manage for themselves. All the schools built have no students in them. A student needs role models to aspire to and study to emulate them. All that you hear is youngsters saying why should they go to school when most of the older people they know are becoming soldiers. They are not interested. There aren’t many students willing to learn and those who do don’t have the ability to retain what they are taught. They are all trying to flee the country or in exile. And why? Only because they cannot settle in peace in the country. They cannot work and support their families. Every time one tries to do something or work somewhere, they take them away and force them to do national service. For lack of opportunities, the youngsters are finding themselves in a much worse situation. There is land and other means of engaging in work but there is no system that can provide it. If there are people who believe what the Government of Eritrea is doing is right and good for the country, they are mistaken. " } ] }, { "id": "b-05aad03c3aa22fa268b67980", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/132/0", "start": 24030, "end": 25532 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Let’s talk about the prisoners who spent at least 10 years in prison and ask what their contribution was for the independence of the country. They were put behind bars, hidden and out of sight. Until when though?", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-9cf29fad91a6c5917ac9ca44", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/134/0", "start": 25804, "end": 26308 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Had the government had any care or been able to show any credibility, they could have put them in a court of law and go through proper legal procedures to set them free or give them the sentence they deserve. But the government couldn’t do that. All they did was put everyone in prison without any due process and care – it didn’t matter whether they were guilty or innocent. If there are people who deny such a situation in which people are being wiped out, they must have lost their mind. 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"field": "credit", "value": "Provided by Elsa Chyrum (Translation by Awate.com)", "source_excerpt": "Testimony of Eritreans Deported From Malta Jailed In Dahlak By Provided by Elsa Chyrum (Translation by Awate.com) - Jul 22, 2005 In 2002-2003, Elsa Chyrum, an Eritrean human righ", "original_sha256": "9a60d3f8187f059a86c64ce755565e80ecedc5c42ae231a3cff39abd68b5756c" }, { "field": "date", "value": "Jul 22, 2005", "source_excerpt": "n Dahlak By Provided by Elsa Chyrum (Translation by Awate.com) - Jul 22, 2005 In 2002-2003, Elsa Chyrum, an Eritrean human rights activist, wa", "original_sha256": "9a60d3f8187f059a86c64ce755565e80ecedc5c42ae231a3cff39abd68b5756c" } ], "text": "Testimony of Eritreans Deported From Malta Jailed In Dahlak By Provided by Elsa Chyrum (Translation by Awate.com) - Jul 22, 2005 In 2002-2003, Elsa Chyrum, an Eritrean human rights activist, was actively involved in assisting Eritreans who were held in captivity in Malta. Due to her efforts (and other human rights activists), many Eritreans were spared deportation to Eritrea. The following testimony was provided to her by those who, despite the appeals of many human rights organizations and contrary to the UNHCR charter, were deported to Eritrea in 2002. The testimony, provided by Elsa, is published in Tigrigna. Here below is Awate's translation into English, as literal as possible. For ease of reading we have inserted sub-headings. We ask everyone to ensure that every human rights organization in the world receives a copy. On the 29th of September 2002, at 9:00 AM, a plane carrying nearly 55 individuals who were deported from Malta landed at Asmara airport. Handcuffed and each one of us watched over by two guards (Special Force), we started untying ourselves when we landed. Save for plainclothes security and immigration officers, there were no travelers at the airport. It is our observation that there wasn?t even airport staff or crew there. A dramatic development we observed while the plane was landing was that the airport was surrounded by armed soldiers. Once the plane landed and took off, the plainclothes security officers ordered us to ?move!? In the lobby area, we registered our names and addresses and then stepped outside and walked to the military bus that was waiting for us. The armed soldiers escorting us ordered: ?keep your heads down! Do not talk to one another! Anyone who is caught moving one?s head?.you will see!? We passed though the heart of Asmara, this same city that we shed blood and sweat for, now with our head bent, like prisoners of war, as we headed to our destination. Adi Abeyto (Adi Abeito) Once in Adi Abeyto, we disembarked. We were thoroughly searched and ordered to empty out our belongings and take off our shoes. Everything except for what we were wearing was confiscated. We entered the grain storage area. Looking up, all you see is corrugated tin roof; and looking down, the ground. Nearby the exit (but inside the storage area) is a thawed off metal drum. To be used for urination. After a while, soldiers came in and gave us each two pieces of bread and canned food (military rations) as well as a 25 litre water container, and left. When we asked for a sharp object to open the cans, we were told ?improvise!? This may have been a strange response to those among us who were raised in Sudan or Libya or were exiled for long; but for us rejectionists, it wasn?t confusing: it was the devil we know. Canned food can be opened if you grind it on the ground, as we demonstrated to the others. For the first few days, most of us ate hardly anything. Eventually, though, we helped ourselves to the unsightly food--if nothing else, to avoid starvation. What followed is what we dreaded most: ?investigation.? Each one is called out by name and, individually, led to another room, handcuffed. Some of the questions we were asked: 1. How did you get out of Eritrea? 2. Who helped you? 3. Who gave you moving permit? 4. Did your family know? Did they help you? 5. While in Malta, which opposition groups did you meet with? 6. Who was organizing you? And other questions. If you are unable to give them the answers they like to hear, you are beaten. Meanwhile, the deportations from Malta continued and we were joined by the elderly, children, and women?including pregnant women and those who had delivered babies recently. We numbered over 230. For nearly 13 days, neither one of us had bed sheets or blankets and the weather was extremely cold. We slept with our heads virtually tucked in one another?s arm pits. After nearly 13 days, we were each given a bed sheet. We didn?t bathe for nearly a month. We were so filthy that our bodies and clothing were covered by lice. The first order of duty in the morning was to take one?s clothes off and to kill the lice. To those who considered this lacking in decorum some would tease them: ?so-and-so?s lice will only die of old age.? While going through this dispiriting situation, some of the prisoners hatched an escape and 27 of them prepared a plan. We used to be escorted, barefoot, to a field 100 meters outside to relieve ourselves. The plan was to overpower the guards?using stones and the element of surprise?and to escape. However, the deal you make at the marketplace is not what your mother ordered you to make but what the free market orders [an Eritrean expression] and, at the zero hour, they [the soldiers] opened fire and one of our brothers, Robel, was shot at his calf and the other 26 were arrested by a brigade that was in the area. They were escorted back, with rocks and sticks landing on their back. Poor Robel! He kept yelling, ?How about me? Help me, am I not your brother?? and the only answer he got was, ?Die!? He bled to death. As for the rest, they were isolated for three days and when they could no longer endure the beating, they disclosed that the person who hatched the plan was Ermias Tsegai and they were removed from their isolation and returned to us. As for Ermias, until the night we were moved to Dahlak, he was in solitary confinement with his hands and legs cuffed in heavy chains. The Road To Massawa Nearly a month later, those who were of advanced age and the women were separated from us. Later, we learned that they were discharged. In December 15, 2002, at 4:00 AM, after 2 months and 15 days in Adi Abeyto, we were loaded on big cargo vehicles and driven to destination unknown. As usual, we were ordered to keep our heads down as we drove through the city. The truck that we were loaded on resembles ?N-3? [Ene-Tre, Italian trucks common in Eritrea]. On this truck, and a cargo car it pulls, accompanied by nearly 40 armed soldiers, we sat on top of one another, crammed, with our chin on our knees, and with no breathing room. And the journey resumed. Once we got to the Arbo Rebue [Asmara outskirt, East], we had an inkling of where we were headed: and we murmured to one another that we must be headed to Asab, Tio or Gelalo. Due to overcrowding, hunger, suffocation, many of us felt nauseated; since leaning over the truck was not permitted, the only alternative was to vomit over whoever is in front of you or on any container. At that time, there was nobody who did not wish that the vehicle would just skid over the cliffs. It was a truly horrifying 3-hour journey and once in Massawa, we, supporting our compatriots who had lost consciousness, headed to the \"PC\"-like war ships that were awaiting us. And without taking a break, we resumed our journey. The Journey To Dahlak After a little while, Ermias Wedi German attempted to escape by jumping over to the sea. But the guards were watching and he did not succeed: they caught him and he was brought back to the ship. Somewhere in the middle of the sea, another brother, Walta Haile, tied his hands and legs with a rope and, in a suicide attempt, jumped overboard. However, he too was detected and the guards were able to retrieve him. But he must have hit something because his face was drenched in blood. After about two hours, the ship came to harbor. We were told ?disembark? and it was then that we knew that our final destination was Dahlak Island. The supervisors came after we were ordered to sit down in a procession. ?Traitors!? they bellowed, ?Eritrea has given birth to garbage!? Some of our guards approached the supervisor and leaning over close to his ears, disclosed that somebody had attempted suicide and that they had saved him. We heard him say, ?Why didn?t you let him! Why didn?t you let him die!? Once we were at our shelters, Ermias Wedi German was held in ?helicopter? [abdomen on the ground, legs and hands tied behind the back] for 24 hours. [See artist illustration of ?helicopter?] We could not endure the intense heat of Dahlak [33 Celsius, 95 Fahrenheit in December] given that we had just arrived from Adi Abeito [0 Celsius, 34 Fahrenheit in December.] Our shelter was grain storage warehouses constructed during the Derg era: corrugated tin roofs and dirt floor. In the front and the back, there are windows, but they remained closed, and no air could breeze in. There were nearly 110 of us in this warehouse; each one had space of 60 centimeters. Our forefathers say, ?may your burial ground not be undersized.? ?Bitterer Than The Bile Of An Elephant? What we endured there is bitterer than the bile of an elephant [an Eritrean expression to describe something intolerably bitter] and even if one were to use the sky as a writing board, it would not suffice. But for illustration purposes: food and water was inadequate. There was insufficient medical treatment. One is allowed to go to the bathroom no more than twice a day. But who can count the mistreatment? But the most bitter of all is not knowing your verdict. Your life is monotonous and repetitious. At 6:00 AM, you wake up to go to relieve yourself. Around noon, you have a meal, who knows whether it is breakfast or lunch. Around three or four you have dinner. Then you go out to relieve yourself. End. You eat the same food, without change, for months. Two of you share a 25-liter water can to wash your body your clothes every month, at best. The drinking water was either rusty or infested with insects and we have developed all kinds of health problems. If you so much as look out the window, you will receive military discipline and beatings. Nobody is allowed to pray, to supplicate or to read the Bible or the Koran. If you disobey, you will receive the helicopter treatment. Every day, it was customary to see someone who was being given the helicopter punishment. Some sympathetic guards told us that they had been forewarned, ?Members of the G-15 and those who want to sell out the country are coming. Do not communicate with them in any manner but by the stick.? The prisoners that were already in Dahlak when we arrived number around 130. And after we arrived, others were brought in: they include those caught trying to cross the border, ?Adi S-Heil? residents who were protesting the distribution of their land to others; the elderly and those of advancing age; and 12 women who were there for a variety of reasons. In total, there were around 900 prisoners there. As we all know, Dahlak is an island, surrounded by the sea, impossible to escape from. Still, those who have given up [the will to live], try to escape. For example: Ermias (Wedi Germen) and Goitom escaped but were captured after a week. They were then beaten severely, and given the helicopter treatment for 23 days. Once again, Ermias and Goitom attempted another escape, were captured after two days, and this time given the helicopter treatment for 55 days. Among us, there were those who, due to serious illnesses, were in agonizing pain, but nobody paid any attention to them. There were two individuals who were suffering from trauma and had lost their mind: Fouad and Merhawi. After eight months and two weeks of this treatment, they separated those of us civilians to dry-land prisons; those who stayed there were in a bad situation. From the confinement, their bodies are almost numb and they suffer from illnesses. A certain Mussie (Amche), having endured a long period of pain and medical negligence, died in the Dahlak prison in August 2003. We hear that others were and are suffering from serious illnesses. And what for is all this punishment? Solely because we demanded justice. 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We ask everyone to ensure that every human rights organization in the world receives a copy.", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-9c24e9045f0a1306dca65aab", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/8/0", "start": 7565, "end": 8263 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On the 29" }, { "text": "th", "marks": [ "sup" ] }, { "text": " of September 2002, at 9:00 AM, a plane carrying nearly 55 individuals who were deported from Malta landed at Asmara airport. Handcuffed and each one of us watched over by two guards (Special Force), we started untying ourselves when we landed. Save for plainclothes security and immigration officers, there were no travelers at the airport. It is our observation that there wasn?t even airport staff or crew there." } ] }, { "id": "b-990243c4d6bf7d114f8d3c04", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/12/0", "start": 8330, "end": 9274 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "A dramatic development we observed while the plane was landing was that the airport was surrounded by armed soldiers. Once the plane landed and took off, the plainclothes security officers ordered us to ?move!? In the lobby area, we registered our names and addresses and then stepped outside and walked to the military bus that was waiting for us. The armed soldiers escorting us ordered: ?keep your heads down! Do not talk to one another! Anyone who is caught moving one?s head?.you will see!? We passed though the heart of Asmara, this same city that we shed blood and sweat for, now with our head bent, like prisoners of war, as we headed to our destination." } ] }, { "id": "b-6298d9cfe5717e91a16baa7a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/16/0", "start": 9341, "end": 9399 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Adi Abeyto (Adi Abeito)", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-d8da9efc44c2f86550876d48", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/20/0", "start": 9466, "end": 10121 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Once in " }, { "text": "Adi Abeyto", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ", we disembarked. We were thoroughly searched and ordered to empty out our belongings and take off our shoes. Everything except for what we were wearing was confiscated. We entered the grain storage area. Looking up, all you see is corrugated tin roof; and looking down, the ground. Nearby the exit (but inside the storage area) is a thawed off metal drum. To be used for urination." } ] }, { "id": "b-69b2765bcc0dc5aba01ac336", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/24/0", "start": 10188, "end": 10947 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "After a while, soldiers came in and gave us each two pieces of bread and canned food (military rations) as well as a 25 litre water container, and left. When we asked for a sharp object to open the cans, we were told ?improvise!? This may have been a strange response to those among us who were raised in Sudan or Libya or were exiled for long; but for us " }, { "text": "rejectionists", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": ", it wasn?t confusing: it was the devil we know. Canned food can be opened if you grind it on the ground, as we demonstrated to the others." } ] }, { "id": "b-9b6c283df30b5726d3f263d4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/28/0", "start": 11014, "end": 11547 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "For the first few days, most of us ate hardly anything. Eventually, though, we helped ourselves to the unsightly food--if nothing else, to avoid starvation. What followed is what we dreaded most: ?investigation.? Each one is called out by name and, individually, led to another room, handcuffed. Some of the questions we were asked:" } ] }, { "id": "b-475a40c58caa77756723b47c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/32/0", "start": 11614, "end": 11679 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1. How did you get out of Eritrea?" } ] }, { "id": "b-52dea07a139a25c0f61d8610", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/34/0", "start": 11773, "end": 11838 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "2. Who helped you?" } ] }, { "id": "b-e911d6a5a0aabdd663f7fb76", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/36/0", "start": 11916, "end": 11981 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "3. Who gave you moving permit?" } ] }, { "id": "b-301a844921f5c5db56d9e599", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/38/0", "start": 12090, "end": 12155 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "4. Did your family know? Did they help you?" } ] }, { "id": "b-60f057361f139f186da1b91b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/40/0", "start": 12291, "end": 12356 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "5. While in Malta, which opposition groups did you meet with?" } ] }, { "id": "b-6b278bc0abf3d255e3c1a9f9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/42/0", "start": 12515, "end": 12580 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "6. Who was organizing you? And other questions." } ] }, { "id": "b-2ef3554a962f9797b97d4812", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/46/0", "start": 12760, "end": 12868 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "If you are unable to give them the answers they like to hear, you are beaten." } ] }, { "id": "b-0f5922cf1938e08bc6f8214c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/50/0", "start": 12935, "end": 13609 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Meanwhile, the deportations from Malta continued and we were joined by the elderly, children, and women?including pregnant women and those who had delivered babies recently. We numbered over 230. For nearly 13 days, neither one of us had bed sheets or blankets and the weather was extremely cold. We slept with our heads virtually tucked in one another?s arm pits. After nearly 13 days, we were each given a bed sheet." } ] }, { "id": "b-6622e60cdc1f245d7da33704", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/54/0", "start": 13676, "end": 14342 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "We didn?t bathe for nearly a month. We were so filthy that our bodies and clothing were covered by lice. The first order of duty in the morning was to take one?s clothes off and to kill the lice. To those who considered this lacking in decorum some would tease them: ?so-and-so?s lice will only die of old age.? While going through this dispiriting situation, some of the prisoners hatched an escape and 27 of them prepared a plan." } ] }, { "id": "b-337280e22a98b58a350fc962", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/58/0", "start": 14409, "end": 15445 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "We used to be escorted, barefoot, to a field 100 meters outside to relieve ourselves. The plan was to overpower the guards?using stones and the element of surprise?and to escape. However, the deal you make at the marketplace is not what your mother ordered you to make but what the free market orders [an Eritrean expression] and, at the zero hour, they [the soldiers] opened fire and one of our brothers, " }, { "text": "Robel", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ", was shot at his calf and the other 26 were arrested by a brigade that was in the area. They were escorted back, with rocks and sticks landing on their back. Poor Robel! He kept yelling, ?How about me? Help me, am I not your brother?? and the only answer he got was, ?Die!?" } ] }, { "id": "b-7d2cc0d53f7d76c254d26f72", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/62/0", "start": 15512, "end": 15541 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He bled to death." } ] }, { "id": "b-f73f3d1e419e518ce02b9d2f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/66/0", "start": 15608, "end": 16142 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As for the rest, they were isolated for three days and when they could no longer endure the beating, they disclosed that the person who hatched the plan was " }, { "text": "Ermias Tsegai", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " and they were removed from their isolation and returned to us. As for Ermias, until the night we were moved to Dahlak, he was in solitary confinement with his hands and legs cuffed in heavy chains." } ] }, { "id": "b-cd7cf053b404842f91d0dd12", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/70/0", "start": 16209, "end": 16248 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The Road To Massawa", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-1f744ed2c8d45925ff364b99", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/74/0", "start": 16315, "end": 17589 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Nearly a month later, those who were of advanced age and the women were separated from us. Later, we learned that they were discharged. In December 15, 2002, at 4:00 AM, after 2 months and 15 days in Adi Abeyto, we were loaded on big cargo vehicles and driven to destination unknown. As usual, we were ordered to keep our heads down as we drove through the city. The truck that we were loaded on resembles ?N-3? [Ene-Tre, Italian trucks common in Eritrea]. On this truck, and a cargo car it pulls, accompanied by nearly 40 armed soldiers, we sat on top of one another, crammed, with our chin on our knees, and with no breathing room. And the journey resumed. Once we got to the " }, { "text": "Arbo Rebue ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "[Asmara outskirt, East], we had an inkling of where we were headed: and we murmured to one another that we must be headed to " }, { "text": "Asab, Tio", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " or " }, { "text": "Gelalo", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "." } ] }, { "id": "b-923e26a6d500934c5ddd25ca", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/78/0", "start": 17656, "end": 18471 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Due to overcrowding, hunger, suffocation, many of us felt nauseated; since leaning over the truck was not permitted, the only alternative was to vomit over whoever is in front of you or on any container. At that time, there was nobody who did not wish that the vehicle would just skid over the cliffs. It was a truly horrifying 3-hour journey and once in " }, { "text": "Massawa", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ", we, supporting our compatriots who had lost consciousness, headed to the \"PC\"-like war ships that were awaiting us. And without taking a break, we resumed our journey." } ] }, { "id": "b-f733300956a63b7f4d3834e2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/82/0", "start": 18538, "end": 18578 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The Journey To Dahlak", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-9bb3ae1242c5589b74c07bb7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/86/0", "start": 18645, "end": 19420 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "After a little while, " }, { "text": "Ermias Wedi German", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " attempted to escape by jumping over to the sea. But the guards were watching and he did not succeed: they caught him and he was brought back to the ship. Somewhere in the middle of the sea, another brother, " }, { "text": "Walta Haile", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ", tied his hands and legs with a rope and, in a suicide attempt, jumped overboard. However, he too was detected and the guards were able to retrieve him. But he must have hit something because his face was drenched in blood." } ] }, { "id": "b-61a1ab6260d086e03c8fdedc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/90/0", "start": 19487, "end": 20240 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "After about two hours, the ship came to harbor. We were told ?disembark? and it was then that we knew that our final destination was " }, { "text": "Dahlak Island", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ". The supervisors came after we were ordered to sit down in a procession. ?Traitors!? they bellowed, ?Eritrea has given birth to garbage!? Some of our guards approached the supervisor and leaning over close to his ears, disclosed that somebody had attempted suicide and that they had saved him. We heard him say, ?Why didn?t you let him! Why didn?t you let him die!?" } ] }, { "id": "b-382d0ceacf1cf20844a134de", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/94/0", "start": 20307, "end": 21477 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Once we were at our shelters, " }, { "text": "Ermias Wedi German", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " was held in ?helicopter? [abdomen on the ground, legs and hands tied behind the back] for 24 hours. [" }, { "text": "See artist illustration of ?helicopter", "href": "http://web.amnesty.org/wire/July2004/Eritrea" }, { "text": "?] We could not endure the intense heat of Dahlak [33 Celsius, 95 Fahrenheit in December] given that we had just arrived from Adi Abeito [0 Celsius, 34 Fahrenheit in December.] Our shelter was grain storage warehouses constructed during the Derg era: corrugated tin roofs and dirt floor. In the front and the back, there are windows, but they remained closed, and no air could breeze in. There were nearly 110 of us in this warehouse; each one had space of 60 centimeters. Our forefathers say, ?may your burial ground not be undersized.?" } ] }, { "id": "b-ae17bcc8b94e5c66c7050ad8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/98/0", "start": 21544, "end": 21621 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "?Bitterer Than The Bile Of An Elephant?", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-af7f3ca83886ce4b9e6519ab", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/102/0", "start": 21688, "end": 22334 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "What we endured there is bitterer than the bile of an elephant [an Eritrean expression to describe something intolerably bitter] and even if one were to use the sky as a writing board, it would not suffice. But for illustration purposes: food and water was inadequate. There was insufficient medical treatment. One is allowed to go to the bathroom no more than twice a day. But who can count the mistreatment?" } ] }, { "id": "b-09278e1cc04c6b6172b79c70", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/106/0", "start": 22401, "end": 22948 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "But the most bitter of all is not knowing your verdict. Your life is monotonous and repetitious. At 6:00 AM, you wake up to go to relieve yourself. Around noon, you have a meal, who knows whether it is breakfast or lunch. Around three or four you have dinner. Then you go out to relieve yourself. End." } ] }, { "id": "b-2e1e95d36d135dd2fa078f65", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/110/0", "start": 23015, "end": 23548 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "You eat the same food, without change, for months. Two of you share a 25-liter water can to wash your body your clothes every month, at best. The drinking water was either rusty or infested with insects and we have developed all kinds of health problems. If you so much as look out the window, you will receive military discipline and beatings." } ] }, { "id": "b-15ccb35b577f558b6739e096", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/114/0", "start": 23615, "end": 24008 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Nobody is allowed to pray, to supplicate or to read the Bible or the Koran. If you disobey, you will receive the helicopter treatment. Every day, it was customary to see someone who was being given the helicopter punishment." } ] }, { "id": "b-6e88e8225c04cb79a01c110e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/118/0", "start": 24075, "end": 24345 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Some sympathetic guards told us that they had been forewarned, ?Members of the G-15 and those who want to sell out the country are coming. Do not communicate with them in any manner but by the stick.?" } ] }, { "id": "b-a85609fd12f48a8f85643d23", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/122/0", "start": 24412, "end": 25008 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The prisoners that were already in Dahlak when we arrived number around 130. And after we arrived, others were brought in: they include those caught trying to cross the border, ?Adi S-Heil? residents who were protesting the distribution of their land to others; the elderly and those of advancing age; and 12 women who were there for a variety of reasons. In total, there were around 900 prisoners there." } ] }, { "id": "b-d18fb12e69ea20698f480c61", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/126/0", "start": 25075, "end": 25789 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As we all know, Dahlak is an island, surrounded by the sea, impossible to escape from. Still, those who have given up [the will to live], try to escape. For example: " }, { "text": "Ermias (Wedi Germen)", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " and " }, { "text": "Goitom", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " escaped but were captured after a week. They were then beaten severely, and given the helicopter treatment for 23 days. Once again, Ermias and Goitom attempted another escape, were captured after two days, and this time given the helicopter treatment for 55 days." } ] }, { "id": "b-b539f8b0d819eb07dec35edf", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/130/0", "start": 25856, "end": 26938 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Among us, there were those who, due to serious illnesses, were in agonizing pain, but nobody paid any attention to them. There were two individuals who were suffering from trauma and had lost their mind: " }, { "text": "Fouad", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " and " }, { "text": "Merhawi", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ". After eight months and two weeks of this treatment, they separated those of us civilians to dry-land prisons; those who stayed there were in a bad situation. From the confinement, their bodies are almost numb and they suffer from illnesses. A certain " }, { "text": "Mussie (Amche)", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ", having endured a long period of pain and medical negligence, died in the Dahlak prison in August 2003. We hear that others were and are suffering from serious illnesses." } ] }, { "id": "b-412eed88c783e3aab31623ea", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/134/0", "start": 27005, "end": 27140 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "And what for is all this punishment? Solely because we demanded justice." } ] }, { "id": "b-5477418c10252591bdd22996", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/138/0", "start": 27220, "end": 27286 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Related Stories", "marks": [ "underline" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-3f01542b943576d73eb92fb1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/142/0", "start": 27366, "end": 27596 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Report on AI protest of 2002 deportations", "href": "http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGEUR330012002?open&of=ENG-2U5" } ] }, { "id": "b-dd0fec3ee1144fe6096a684d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/146/0", "start": 27676, "end": 27967 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Report on Eritreans, Deported From Libya, Who Hijacked Plane and diverted it to Sudan", "href": "http://splmtoday.com/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=3655" } ] }, { "id": "b-756a033c4b7084a1f3112bbc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/150/0", "start": 28047, "end": 28281 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The Infamous Adi Abeito Prison: A Testimonial", "href": "http://www.awate.com/artman/publish/article_3747.shtml" } ] } ], "anchors": { "top": "source-top", "sw_n0": "source-sw_n0", "sw_n1": "source-sw_n1", "active_menu": "source-active_menu", "sw_n2": "source-sw_n2", "sw_n3": "source-sw_n3" }, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/1", "start": 666, "end": 4855 }, "text": "Awate Main Menu Front Page News & Analysis Articles Interviews Documents Belly Of The Beast Human Rights Regional Events Awate Team Cartoons The Pencil (Editorial) Martyrs' Album Search Awate", "text_sha256": "a3be09a6ea43b69a4d360fbe8051300dcb0316c1578b99f4bba0b63f705110ed", "reason": "Inherited Awate category navigation", "evidence": "Separate left sidebar menu contains Front Page, News/Editorial, regional categories and Search; not part of testimony.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/3", "start": 29096, "end": 36085 }, "text": "VoMD June 21, 2007 March for Freedom Posting Guidlines Constitution of the Awate Foundation Contribute Donate through Mail To Scramble The Horn of Africa", "text_sha256": "402fbae6f6a7b332ba5fc3d63d742a1533737be7c41a407bd7a5a7cff3f87f01", "reason": "Inherited Awate promotions/donation sidebar", "evidence": "Separate right column links to publishing guidelines, donation/foundation and promotion unrelated to article.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/6", "start": 36134, "end": 36584 }, "text": "? 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PDF bytes unchanged.", "source_sha256": "5cd76fcb586c248ed3fbf74203cb10aeccc8423f41f127bf98f76741ca46dc56", "evidence": [ { "kind": "catalog-text", "quote": "ዙንታ ምውጻእና ካብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማርካቶ" }, { "kind": "catalog-text", "quote": "ቀዲማይ ክፋል" } ] }, "editorial_title": true, "title_review_required": true, "alternate_titles": [ "Markato_1.pdf", "ዙንታ ምውጻእና ካብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማርካቶ — ቀዲማይ ክፋል" ], "language": "ti", "author": null, "byline": null, "byline_role": null, "date": null, "metadata_evidence": [], "text": " \n ቀዲማይ ክፋል \n ዙንታ ምውጻእና ካብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማርካቶ \n ብዒብዯላ ሓሰን \n \n ዒብዯላ ሓሰን ዒሊ ፡ ሁማድ ዒምር ኢድሪስ (ካብሊ)1971 \nመእተዊ \n ምስ ብጻይ ስዉእ ሁማድ ዒምር ኢድሪስ (ካብሊ) ካብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማርካቶ ናይ ኣስመራ ኩዑትና ዛወጻእናሉ \nዔለት 13/4/1971 ዒ.ም.ፈ. ነሩ ። ከምቲ ኩነታት ዛምስክሮ ኣብቲ እዋን ተጋዲላይ ኣብ ውግእ ተማሪኹ ወይ \nተታሒ዗ ኣብ ኢድ ኢትዮጵያዊያን ክወድቅ ከሎ ዖጓንፎ ፡ ሞት ወይ ሕልፈት ወይ ድማ ንነዊሕ ዒመታት ማእሰርቲ \nስሌዛኾነ ካብ ኢድ ጸላኢ ናይ ምምላጥ ዔድላት እውን ጸቢብ ስሌ ዛኾነ ካብዘ ሓዯጋታት ክነምልጥ ምኽኣልና \nዖገረሞም ብ዗ሓት እዮም ።ስሌዘ ውጽእ ምስ በልና ኣትሕ዗ ዙንታ ናይ ምውጻእና ከመይ ከም ዛነበረ ንምፍላጥ \nካብ ዛተፈላለዩ ኣካላት ብ዗ሕ ሕቶታት ይቀርበና ነሩ ። ካብ ብ዗ሓት ብሓፈሻ ንምፍላጥ ዛቀሪብ ዛነበረ \nሕቶታት ዲኣምበር ፡ እዘ ነገር ኣካል ናይ ዛተፈላለየ ቃልስን መስዋእትን ብምዃኑ ህዛቢ ኤርትራ ምእንቲ ናጽነቱ \nዛወፈዮ ቃልስን መስዋእትን ክስነድ ተባሂሉ ኣይኮነን ። ብተወሳኺ ኣብ ቃልሲ ከሎኻ ኣብ ጉዔዜኻ ዛጠቅመካ ፡ \nካብ ተሞክሮታትካ እትቀስሞ፡ ጠቃሚ ትምህርቲ እውን ኣሎ። ንሕና እውን ኣብቲ እዋን ስሌ እንሕተት ንምልሽ \nነርና እምበር ካብኦም ዛፍለ ዒሚቅ ወይ ነዊሕ ጠመተ ኣይነበረናን ክብል ይዯፍር። እዘ ሓፈሻዊ ገምጋም ኮይኑ፡ \nእዘ ብምባለይ ግን ኣብ ምስናድ ታሪኽ ቃልሲ ሕዛቢ ኤርትራ ልሉይ ግዯ ዛነበሮም ሰባት ብፉጹም ኣይነበሩን \nወይ ድማ ምስ ቀጻሊ ስራሓት ብፍላይ ምስቲ ኣብ ውሽጢ ከተማታት ዛካየድ ዛነበረ ምስጥራዊ ንጥፈታት \nብምትእስሳር ብተገዲስነት ዛሓቲት ኣካል ኣይነበረን ማለተይ ኣይኮነን ። \nዛኾነ ንጥፈታት ይኹን ጸረ ጸላኢ ዛግበር ውግእ ስሪሒታት ወዖተ.ዋላ ጉድለታት ይሃልዎ ብጽሑፍ ብዚና መልክዔ \nይወጽእ እኳ እንተነበረ ፡ ብመሰረቱ ብስነፍልጠታዊ ኣጠማመታ ተራእዩ እንተዖይተሰንደ ውጽኢቱ \nኣይየታኣማምንን። ናይ ቀጻልነት ወይ ነባርነት ውሕስነት ኣይህሉዎን ክባሃል ይካኣል። ዛያዲ ዖማህምኖን ዖፍኩሶን \n፡ ውሽጣዊን ግዲማዊን ምኽንያታት ድማ ብ዗ሕ እዩ ። ቅሳነት ዖይምርካብ ፡ውሽጣዊ ግርጭታት ፡ ምፍልላይ ፡ \nኣዔናዊ ወፈራታት ጸላኢን ተጻባእትን ወዖተ. ዒብይ ኣሉታዊ ግዯ ኣለዎ ። ኣብዘ እዋንዘ ኣብ ዛነበረታ ተወሲኻታ \nኮይኑ ዛጎዯለ ክተማልእ ካብ ዖይሕግዖካ ቀንዱ ምኽንያታት ፡ ህዛብና ዖሕልፎ ዖሎ ኣሰቓቒ ኩነታት እዩ ። ህዛቢ \nኤርትራ ተበታቲኑ ዋላ እቲ ኣብ ውሽጢ ኤርትራ ዖሎ ክራኸብ ዖይኽእል ኮይኑ ፡ካልእ ይትረፍ እቲ ንነዊሕ ግዚ \n\nመቃልስትኻ ወይ ኣብ ቃልሲ ዛነበረ ሰብ ብህይወቱ ምህላዉን ዖይምህላዉን ክትፈልጥ ዖይምኽኣል ንባዔሉ \nዖሕዛን ጥራሕ ዖይኮነስ ናይ ሓዖን ሓዖን ኮይኑ ኣሎ። \nካብ ወረዯና ድማ ምስናድ ፡ ብዛተፈላለየ ምኽንያታት እቲ ዛበለጸ ኣብቲ እዋኑ እኳ እንተኾነ ፡ እዋኑ ምስ \nሓለፈ ውሕስነት ክህሉዎ ከም ርእይቶይ ክልተ መሰረታዊ ረቋሒታት ክማላእ ኣለዎ ፡- \n1. ኣብ ዛተፈላለየ መድረኻት ምእንቲ ህዛብን ሃገርን ዛተወፈየ መስዋእትን ዛተፈጸመ ስሪሒታትን ብዖይኣፈላላይ \nናይ መላእ ህዛቢ ኤርትራ ምዃኑ ምእማን ። \n2. ህላወ ብቑዔ ዛስንዶ ኣካልን ፡ ጥዐይ ኩነታትን፡ መሳረሒን ። \n \n በዘ ኣጋጣሚ ክብሎ ዛዯሊ ፡ ኣብ ታሪኽ ህዛቢ ኤርትራ ይኹን ተሞክሮ ሰውራና ዖይተጻሕፈ ወይ \nከይተመዛገበ ዛተረፈ መስዋእትን ጅግንነታዊ ስራሓትን ብ዗ሕ እዩ ። እዘ ሕጂ ከዖንትዎ ተዲሊየ ዖሎኹ ድማ \nንጣር ናቱ እዩ። \nካብ ማእሰርቲ ድሕሪ ሙውጻኤይ ብዔላዊ ኣካላት ጀብሃ ብዙዔባ ካብ ማእሰርቲ ሙውጻኤይ ዛቀርበኒ ዛነበረ \nሕቶታት ሓፈሻዊ ሓቤረታ ንምምዛጋብ ዛዒለመ ነሩ ። ካርቱም በጺሔ ፡ንስዉእ ዐስማን ሳልሕ ሳቤ ምስ \nረኸብኩ ፡ ካብ ማእሰርቲ ሙውጻኤይ ስሌ ዛፈለጠ ፡ ንመጀመሪያ ግዚ እዘ ክጻሓፍ ዖሎዎ ጅግንነታዊ ስራሕ \nእዩ ኢሉ ዛርዛራት ናይዘ ስሪሒት ንስዉእ ኣዯም ቤክ መዘ዗ ከመዛግቦ ሓቲቱኒ። ይኹን እምበር \nብዛተፈላለየ ምኽንያታት ኣይኣመዛገብኩዎን ። እቲ ዯጋፊ ሰውራ ኤርትራ ዛነበረ ሱሪያዊ ጋዖጤኛ ኣቡ ሳዔዲ \nእውን ኣብ ቦታ ቀዲማይ ሃገራዊ ጉባኤ ብ 1971 ሓቲቱኒ ዖመዛገቦ ነገራት ነሩ እንታይ ከም ዛገበረ ግን \nዛፈልጦ የይብለይን ። ካልኣይ ኣብ ቀዲማይ ሃገራዊ ጉባኤ ተኻፊለ ንሜዲ ምስ ኣተኹ ስዉእ ዶክቶር ፍጹም \nገረስላሴ ሓላፊ ቤት ጽሕፈት ዚና ክፍሊ ትግርኛ ዛነበረሉ እዋን ፡ ምሳይ ኮፍ ኢሉ ዛርዛራት ናይዘ ስሪሒት \nካባይ ዖመዛገበ ሽዐ መዯቡ ኣብዘ ክፍሊ ዛነበረ ብጻይ ገብሩ ሓጎስ እዩ። ይኹን እምበር ብዛተፈላለየ \nምኽንያታት ኣብ ናይ ተጋድሎ ሓርነት ኤርትራ ዚናዊ ጽሑፋት ይኹን ኣብ ካልእ ክሳብ ሎሚ ዛወጸ \nኣይመስለንን ። ብወገነይ ይጠቅም ይኾውን ብማለት ክጽሕፎ ዛብል ሓሳብ ነሩኒ ግን ኣይተዒወትኩን ። \nብ዗ሓት ብጾት እውን ቅድሚ ሕጂ ይኹን ክሳብ ሕጂ ይሓቱኒ እዮም ሓዯ ካብኦም ኣብዘ ቀረባ እዋን ብጻይ \nተጋዲላይ ሰመረ ፍሳሃየ ካብ ፍራንሳ ካብቲ ንሕና ዛነበርናዮ ቤት ማእስርቲ ካብ ኢድ ህግድፍ ጅግንነታዊ \nስራሕ ፈጺሙ ነጻ ዛወጸ መንእሰይ ፓይሎት ዯጀን ዒንዯ ሕሻል ኣልዔሉ ንካልኣይ ግዚኡ ክጽሕፎ ወይ ከዖንቶዎ \nሓቲቱኒ ። \n ሎሚ በቲ ኣሰሩ ዖጥፈኤን እናተረሰዓ ዛኸይድ ዖሎ መስዋእትን ብ዗ሕ ጅግንነታዊ ስራሓትን ዒብይ ሓዖን \nእንዲ ተሰማዒኒ ፡ ብህይወተይ ከሎኹ ናይ ምጽሓፉ ግዚ ስሌ ዛኣኸለ ጠቃሚ ክኾውን ተስፋ እንዲገበርኩ \nዛስዔብ ኣርእስቲ ሂበ ይጽሕፎ ኣሎኹ። \n \n \n \n \n \n \n ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማርካቶን \n ምብንጣስ ሓጺናዊ ሞቝሕ እንግሊዛን (ፈሮ እንገለዖ) \n \n \n ፈሮ እንገለዖ \n \nቤት ማእሰርቲ ማርካቶ (ሕጂ ብወንጀል መርመራ ) ዛፍለጥ ኣብ እግሪ ኣባሻውል ዖሎ ካብ ገዙ ብርሃኑን ዔዲጋ \nዒርብን ንሹቅ ገጽካ ክትኣቱ ከሎኻ እቲ ብጎዯና እቴገ መነን ዛፍለጥ ዛነበረ (ሕጂ ጎዯና ኣፍ ዒባት )ዛባሃል ምስ \nበጻሕካ ነቲ ጎዯና ዛጥምት ኣብ የማናይ ጎኒኻ ዛርክብ ብጊዚ ጣልያን ዛተሰርሔ ቤት ማእሰርቲ እዩ። \nካብ ዖመነ ጣልያን ዖሎ ዒብይ ማእሰርቲ ስሌ ዛኾነ ፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ ዛነጥፉ ዛንበሩ ካብ ሓራካ (ምንቅስቃስ \nሓርነት ኤርትራ) ብ1960 ጀምርካ ከምኡ እውን ኣባላት ተጋድሎ ሓርነት ኤርትራ ዲርጋ ዖይጣዒሞ የሎን።\nክሳብ ናቱ መተካእታ ኣብ ሰምበል ተሰሪሑ ብንጉስ ሃይለ ስላሴ ብዔለት 7/2/1968 ተመሪቁ ዛኽፈት(1) \nማርካቶ ዛጸነዓን ዛዒበየን ማእሰርቲ ነሩ። ህንጻታቱ ብእምኒ ዯቂማሓረ ዛፍለጥ ብጸሊም ተሪር ኣእማን \nዛተሰርሔ ፡ ሓለውቲ ኣብ ልዔሊኡ ዛዜሩ ብሰፊሕ ነዊሕ መንዯቅ ዛተኸበ ኮይኑ ውሽጡ ዒሚቕ ብምዃኑ ፡ \nህንጻታቱ ካብ ዯገ ኣይይራኣይን ። ኣነ ንመጀመሪያ ግዚ ብቀረባ ዛተላለኹዎ ተማሃሮ ከሎና ብ1966 ብጾት \nስዉኣት ተጋዯልቲ ወልዯዲዊት ተመስገንን ስዩም ዐቅባንኪኤልን ብውድባዊ ስራሕ ኣስመራ ኣቲዮም ምስ \nተታሕ዗ መግቢ ወዖተ.ንምእታው ይፍቀድ ስሌ ዛነበረ ምስ ወላዱቱ ንወልዯዲዊት ኣዯና ሰማይነሽን ኣዯና \nህይወት ኣዱኡ ንሱዩምን ንመጾ ነርና። ውሽጢ ግን ንኣቱ ኣይነበርና። ብምብራቃዊ ሸነኽ መካይን ዛኣትዋሉ \nዒብይ ኣፍዯገ ነሩ ። ንኡሱራት ዛኣቱ ነገራት እውን በዘ ይኣቱ ። ናብ ምምሕዲር ቤት ማኣሰርቲ ዖእቱ ኣፍ ዯገ \nግን ንጎዯና እቴገ መነን ይጥምት። \n ቀንዱ ዔላማ ናይ ጽሑፈይ ካብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማርካቶ ምውጻእና እኳ እንተኾነ ኣስመራ ዛኣቶኹሉ ቀንዱ \nምኽንያት ኣብ ውሽጢ ከተማ ምስጥራዊ ስርርዒት ምክያድ ስሌ ዛነበረ በዘ መዲይ ፡ ድሕረ ባይታ ናይቲ ኣብ \nኣስመራ ብሰውራ ዛካየድ ዛነበረ ንጥፈታት ብሓፈሻኡ ምግላጽ ኣድላይ ኮይኑ ይስማዒኒ። \n እምባኣርከስ ምስጥራዊ ስርርዒት ሰውራ ኣብ ውሽጢ ኣስመራ ካብ መጀመርታ ስሳታት 1960 ዛተጀመረ \nኮይኑ እዘ ናይ ማሕበር ሸውዒተ (ሓራካ) (ምንቅስቃስ ሓርነት ኤርትራ) ይኹን ናይ (ጀብሃ) ተጋድሎ ሓርነት \nኤርትራ ንጥፈታት ክካየድን ከስፋሕፍሕን ብብ዗ሕ ጽንኩር ኩነታት ሓሊፉ እዩ ።ብፍላይ እቶም ቀዲሞት \nኣባላት ማሕበር ሸውዒተ (ሓራካ) ብጸላኢ ክታሓ዗ ከሎዉ ዛተፈላለየ ጨካን መርመራታት የሕልፉ ነሮም ።\nብቀጻሊ እንዲታኣሰሩ ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ዲርጋ መንበሪኦም ዛነበሩ እውን ነሮም ። እቶም ካብ ርሑቅ ንምሳሌ \nካብ ሱዲን ተበግሶም ብስራሕ ኣስመራ ዛኣትዉ ዛነበሩ ባእታታት ሓራካ ይኹኑ ጀብሃ እውን ተመሳሳሊ \n\nጽንኩር ኩነታት የጓንፎም ነሩ ። ጀብሃ ምስ ተመስረተት ንጥፈታቶም ኣብ ውዯባ ጥራሕ ከይታሓጽረ \nወታሃዯራዊ ስሪሒታት ምክያድ ሓዯ ካብቲ መሰረታዊ መዯባቶም ስሌ ዛነበረ ንምሳሌ ተጋዯልቲ ተጋድሎ \nሓርነት ኤርትራ ብዔለት 21/6/1963 (2) ኣብ ማዔረፎ ነፈርቲ ኣስመራ ምስ ካልኦት ብጾቶም ናይ \nመጀመሪያ መጥቃዔቲ ዖካየደ ስዉእ ስዑድ ሒሴንን ማሕሙድ ሃሩንን ካልእይ ግዚ ምስ ተመለሱ \nከምዛተታሕ዗ ዛዛከር እዩ ። ብስሳታት ቅድሚኡ ይኹን ድሕሪኡ እውን ውሱን ዛተፈጸመ ስሪሒታት ከም \nዛነበረ ይዛከር ። \nዛተፈላለየ ንጥፈታት ክካየድ ጸኒሑ ኣብ ምንቅስቃስ ሓርነት ኤርትራ (ሓራካ) ድኽመት ስሌ ዛተራእየ \nብ዗ሓት ካብ ኣባላታ እውን ስሌ ዛተታሕ዗ ኣገዯስቲ ኣባላታ ዛነበሩ ኣብታ ብረታዊ ቃልሲ ትመሪሕ ዛነበረት \nተጋድሎ ሓርነት ኤርትራ ተጸምብሮም ። ተ.ሓ.ኤ. ስርርዒታ ብቁልጡፍ ከስፋሕፍሕን ክምዔብልን ጀሚሩ።\nከምቲ ብሓራካ ተጀሚሩ ዛነበረ ስርርዒት ዛተፈላለየ ኣካላት ሕብረተሰብ ኤርትራ ዛሓቆፈ ፡መማህራን ፡ \nሰራሕተኛታት፡ ሰብ ሸቀጥ ፡ ነጋዶ፡ መንግስታዊ ኣካላትን ፡ ተማሃሮ ወዖተ. ስርርዒት እንዲ ኣስፋሕፈሔ \nከይደ።ምስ ምስፋሕ ምስጥራዊ ስርርዒት ውሽጢ ከተማታትን ፡ ምምዔባል ብረታዊ ቃልስን ኣባላት ናይዘ \nስርርዔ ክፊለጡ ከሎዉ ጸላኢ ብዖይንሕስያ ብዛዋሓዯ ንነዊሕ ዒመታት ማእሰርቲ ይፈርዶም ነሩ። ንምሳሌ \nብ1966 - 175 ዛኾኑ ኤርትራዊያን ኣብ ዛተፈላለየ ቦታታት ኣባላት ተጋድሎ ሓርነት ኢኹም ብማለት \nክታሓ዗ ከሎዉ ፡ ከምቲ ሽዐ ብዔለት 7/5/1966 ኣብ መንግስታዊ ጋዚጣ ሕብረት ዛወጸ ፡- \n1. ኣሕመድ ሸኽ ፋራስ \n2. ሳልሕ ዒብደልቃድር ባሺር \n3. ማሕሙድ ሳልሕ ሳቤ \n4. ዒብዲላ ሙሓማድ ስዑድ ሳይቅ \n5. ሳልሕ ጃብር ዋራክ - ዏዔስራ ዒመት ዛተፈርደ ክኾኑ ከሎዉ \n5. ዔስማን ባዲዊ ዐማሪት \n6. ሙሓማድ ሓማዶ ባሑበሽ \n7. ዐስማን ሳይድ ራማዲንን - ዛተባህሉ ዒዒሰርተ ሓሙሽተ ዒመት ዛተፈርደ ነሮም።(3) \n \n \n ገረዛጊሔር ተወልዯን ዒብዯላ ሓሰንን - መስከረም 1975 \n \n \n ኣብ ዛተፈላለያ ከተማታት ኤርትራን ከባብን ብተመሳሳሊ ዛእሰሩ ዛነበሩ ድማ \n\n ብ዗ሓት እዮም ። \nከምዛዛክሮ ብ1967 ስርርዒት ኣብ ኣስመራ ዛማዔበለ ዯረጃ በጺሑ ዛነበረሉ እዋን እዘ ምስጥራዊ \nሰክዓታት እውን ብዛተፈላለየ ምኽንያታት ብጸላኢ ክግለጽ ስሌ ዛተኻእለ ሓዯገኛ ኩነታት ኣጓንፉዎ \nብ዗ሓት ኣባላት ካብ ሰራሕተኛታት ይኹን ተማሃሮ ተኣሲሮም ። ካብ ሕጊ ወጻኢ ምስ ዛኾኑ ኣካላት \nተሓባብሮም ብማለት ምስ ተፈርደ ድማ ኣስማቶም ብዔለት 9/3/1968 ኣብ ጋዚጣ ሕብረት ዛወጸ \nኣስታት 40 ይኾኑ ። ገለ ካብኣቶም፡- \n1. ብጻይ ገረዛጊሔር ተወልዯ - 20 ዒመት ክፊረድ ከሎ \n2. ሳህሉ ክፍሉ \n3. ገብረትንሳኤ ባህታ \n4. ወልዲይ ኣፈወርቂ \n5. ኣስመላሽ ፍሳሓጽዮን \n6. ምህሪ ዩሱፍ \n7. ገብረብርሃን ዐቅባዛጊ \n8. ተስፋማርያም ኣባይ - ነፍስ ወከፎም 18 ዒመት ተፈሪደም ። \nዛተረፉ መብዙሕትኦም ካብ 1 – 5 ዒመት ዛተፈርደ እዮም። (4). \nኣብ ውሽጢ ኣስመራ ዛካየድ ዛነበረ ስርርዒት ገሊኡ ነንሕድሕደ ዖይይራኸብ ምስ መሪሕነታዊ ኣካላት \nውድብ ዛራኸበሉ ዛተፈላለየ በበይኑ መስኖታት ዛነበሮ ስሌ ዛኾነ ፡ ካብ ሰራሕተኛታት ይኹን ተማሃሮ \nከይተተንከፉ ዛተርፉ ነሮም እዮም። ይኹን እምበር ብዛተጠቅሰ ሰፊሕ ማእሰርቲ ኣብ ኣስመራ ስርርዒት \nኣዘዩ ተዲኺሙ ። መብዙሕትኡ ድማ እቲ ካብ 1966 - 1967 ዛተሰርዓ ኣካላት ኮይኑ እቶም ምስዘ \nኣካላት ምትእስሳርን መራሒ ግዯን ዛነበረና ተማሃሮ እውን ኣይዲሓንናን ። ኣነ ከኣ ብጻይ ገረዛጊሄር ተወልዯ \nምስ ተታሕዖ ተፈሊጠ ስሌዛነበርኩ ኣምሊጠ ዔለት 14/4/1967 ንሜዲ ወጺኤ ። \n \n \n ስዉእ ኣሕመድ ሙሓመድ (ኣሕመድ ኣስመራ) \nብ1970 ሓድነት ወታሃዯራዊ ክፍሊታት ተረጋግጹ ጠቅላላ መሪሕነት (ቅያዲ ኣልዒማ) ንሰራዊት ሓርነት \nናይ ምምራሕ ሓላፍነት ዛተሰከመትሉ እዋን ጸረ መግዙእቲ ዛካየድ ቃልሲ ንምምዔባልን ንምብርታዔን \nንሰራዊት ሓርነት ዲግመ ስርርዔ ምስ ኣካየዯት ፡ ቀንዱ ኣትክሮ ኣብ ከተማታትን ጸላኢ ብጻዔቂ ዛርከበሉ \nቦታታትን ክኾውን ስሌ ዛወሰነት ፡ ንነፍስ ወከፍ ከተማን ከባብን ፍሉይ ኣሃደታት መዱባ (ፊዲኢይን) ፡\nወታሃዯራዊ ሓላፊን ብዙዔባ ውዯባ ወይ ብዙዔባ ስሪዑታዊ ንጥፈታት ኣብ ውሽጢ ከተማ ዛግዯስ ሓዯ \n\nካድርን መዯበትሉ ። ከምቲ ዛዛክሮ እተን ከተማታት - ተሰነይ ፡ ኣቁርዲት ፡ ባረንቱ ፡ ከረን ፡ ኣስመራ ፡ \nመንዯፈራ ፡ ባጽዔ ፡ ጊንዲዔ ፡ ኣፍዒባት ነረን ። \n ወታሃዯራዊ ሓላፊ ናይ ኣስመራ ስዉእ ኣሕመድ ኣስመራ ክኾውን ከሎ ብዙዔባ ህዛባዊ ስርርዔ ኣብ ውሽጢ \nከተማ ዛግዯሱ ብፍሉይነት ንኣስመራ ክልተ ካድራት ተመድቦም ። እቲ ሓዯ ብጻይ ሳላሓዱን ዒብዲላ \nክኾውን ከሎ ካልኣዩ ኣነ ነረ። \nኣብቲ እዋን እቲ ብሰንኪ ጽዐቅ ህላወ ጸላኢን ፡ ዖታኣማምን ባይታ ኣብ ህዛቢ ዖይምንባሩን ፡ ከባቢ \nኣስመራ ምቅራብ ሓዯገኛ ነሩ ። ኣስመራ ንምእታው መበገሲ ቦታታትና መሬት ዒድሹማን ከባቢ መንሳዔን \nገለ ቦታታት ዒንሰባ ለመጨለን ወሰናስን ዯምበዙንን ነሩ ። \n ኣነ ኣስመራ ዛኣቱ ዖሎኹ ድሕሪ ሰለስተ ዒመት ናብ ሜዲ ምውጻኤይ ኮይኑ ብፍላይ እቲ ንሕና እንፈልጦ \nኣብ ውሽጢ ኣስመራ ዛነበረ ስርርዒት ቅድሚ ገለ ዒመታት ስሌ ዛተጠቅዓ ርኽክባት ተቋሪጹ ፡ ገሊኡ \nዛታኣስረ ገሊኡ ድማ ሃለዋቱ ዖይፍለጥ ስሌ ስሌዛነበረ ዛተሓባበረናን ዛቅበለናን ንምርካብ ኣሸጋሪ ነሩ ። \nንመጀመሪያ ዛተቀበሉና ወጻኢ ካብ ኣስመራ ኣብ መሬት መንሳዔ ምስ ስድራታቶም ንምርኻብ ካብ ኣስመራ \nገይሾም ዛመጹ ዛተላለናዮም ባእታታት እዮም ነሮም ። ካብቲ ትብገሰሉ ቦታ ክሳብ ኣስመራ ትበጽሕ ነዊሕ \nጉዔዜ ስሌዖድሊ፡ ከይተፈለጥካ ክትኣቱ ድማ ኣብቲ ከባቢ ኣስመራ ዖሎ ዒድታት ዛታሓባበሩ ሰባት ስሌ \nዖድልዩኻ፡ መጀመሪያ ከባቢ ዒድ ሹማ ፡ ደርፎ ፡ ዒንሰባ ፡ ሊባን ፡ ዒዱ ገብሩ ፡ ከባቢ ዯምበዙን \nወዖተ.ፍሉያት ሰባት ኣጥሪና። ኣብቲ መጀመርታ እዋን ካብ ወገን ደርፎ ምስቶም ዔንጨይቲ ወዖተ. ሕዜም \nንኣስመራ ዛኣትዉ ሰብ ኣግማል ንኣቱ ነርና።ብወገን ሊባን እውን ካብ መሬት መንሳዔ ተበግስና ብዒንሰባ \nኣቢልና ንልባን ሰጊርና ፡ ንኣስመራ ብዒዱ ገብሩ ንኣትዋ ነርና ።ኣብ ገሊኡ መብዙሕትኡ ጉዔዜና ለይቲ ነሩ ። \nቀትሪ እንተኾይኑ ወዱ ዒዱ ተመስልካ ከይትፍለጥ እንዲተጠንቀቅካ ትኸይድ። ኣብ ኣስመራ መቀበሊ \nቦታታትና ዉሱን ስሌ ዛነበረ ኡቱው ምስ በልካ ዖይትረኽቦ ወይ ኣብ ገዙ ዖይጸንሓካ ኣሎ፡ ገሊኡ ገዙውቲ \nእውን ለይቲን ማዒልትን ኮፍ ክትብለሉ ዖይጥዔም ስሌ ዛኾነ ማለት ኣድህቦ ስሌዛፈጥር ፡ንሽግር ስሌ \nዛነበረና ኣብ መሳጊድ ምሕዲር ፡ ኣብ ጥቃ ቤተ ክርስትያን ገለ ግዚ ምሕላፍ ፡ ወጻኢ ካብ ከተማ ኣብ በረኻ \nወገናት ቤት ገርጊስ ፡ ከባቢ ኣኽሪያ ሸኽ ዒሊ ሙዛ ሙውዒል ወዖተ. እውን ነሩ። \nምስቶም ኣብ መበገሲ ቦታታትና ዛተርፉ ብጾትና መራኸቢ ስሌ ዖይብልና ኣብቲ መጀመሪያ ግዛያት \nተላኣኣኽቲ እውን ስሌ ዖይነበረና ዒብይ ናይ ምርኻብ ሽግራት ነሩና ። ነዘ ሽግር ንምፍታሕ ዛማሃዛናዮ \nዖይርስዕ ነገር ነሩ ንሱ ድማ ፡ ኣብቲ እዋን ኣብ ኣስመራ ሓዲስ ናይ ሬድዮ ጣቢያ ተገይራ ነራ። ንልምምድ \nመዯባታ ከይጀመረት ሙሉእ ማዒልቲ ዯርፊታት ጥራሕ ትፍኑ ነራ ። መብዙሕትኡ ዯርፊታት ናይ ማትኣ \n(ማሕበር ትያትር ኣስመራ) ናይ ይሕያ ዯርፊታት ወዖተ.ነሩ ። ምሪጫ ናይ ዯርፊታት ድማ ነሩዋ ። ስሌዘ \nንሕና ክይተበገስና ምስ ብጾትና ባዒል ኣሕመድ ኣስመራ ፡ ኣስመራ ምስ ኣተና ነቲ ንጠልቦ ዯርፊታትን \nኣስማት ናይቶም ንጠልበሎም ሰባትን ፍሉይ ንሰማማዒሉ ትርጉም ሂብና ዖድሊ መልእኽትታት ነማሓላልፍ \nነርና ። ንምሳሌ ካብ እገለ ንእገለ ትብል ዯርፊ ክትሰምዐ ከሎኹም ኣስመራ ብዲሓን ኣተና ማለት እዩ።እቲ \nዛጠልብ ሽምን ዛጥለበሉ ሰብን ዯርፊን ኣስማቶም እንዲተቃያየረ ፡ እቲ ሽም ወይ ዯርፊ ከምዘ እንተኾነ \nወይ እንተኾይና ፡- ብዲሓን ኣቲና ፡ ንምለስ ኣሎና ፡ተቀበሉና ፡ ዛኸድናሉ ኣይረኽብናን ፡ ድሕሪ ክንድዘ \nማዒልቲ ክንምለስ ኢና ፡ ጸኒሕና ኣሎና ማለት እዩ ወዖተ. ኢልና ኣቀድምና ዛተሰማማዔናሉ ትርጉም \nእንዲሃብና፡ ሬድዮ ኣስመራ ኣብቲ እዋን ዖይነበረ ግርም ኣዘዩ ቅልጡፍ ዛኾነ መራኸቢ ኮይናትልና ነራ ። \nሓዯ ግዚ ነዘ ምስጥር ዛፈልጥ ኣሕመድ ኣስመራ ጥራሕ ስሌ ዛነበረ እታ ዛተሰማማዔናላ ብዲሓን ኣቲና \nትብል ዯርፊ እቲ ዉሩይ ዯራፋይ ይሕያ “ ኣዋልዯየ ክዲ ዔበዲ ላዔላይ ሰማይዶ ኣሎዎ ሜዲ” ። “ኣዯይ ሳዒዲ \nጓልክን ማዒዲ ፡ ጓለይ ምዑዯ ጂዲ ሰዱዯ ……” እንዲበለ ክዯሪፍ ከሎ ኣሕመድ ኣስመራ ነታ ዯርፊ ምስ \nሰመዓ ብታሕጓስ ፍንጭሕ ኢሉ ክስዔስዔ ከሎ ፡ በዙ ዯርፊ ጥራሕ ተመሲጡ ዛስዔስዔ ዖሎ ዛመሰሎም \nብጾት ተጋዯልቲ ፡ ሎሚ እዙ ዯርፊ እንታይ ሓድሽ ሰምዔካላ ? ዒናግር ስሌ ዛጠቀሰ ድዩ ወዖተ. እንዲበሉ \nይሕንጭጩሉ ነሮም እቲ ቀንዱ ምኽንያት ግን ካልእ ምዃኑ ብዖይክኡ ዛፈልጥ ሰብ ኣይነበረን። \nኣብ ውሽጢ ኣስመራ ብ዗ሕ ንጸንሕ ኣይነበርናን ስራሕና እንዲተመላለስና ነካይድ ነርና ። ብ዗ሕ ጸገማት \nሓሊፉ ። ዲሓር ግን ተጋዯልቲ ዛቅበልን ዛዔንግልን ገዙውቲ እንዲበዖሔ ከይደ ። ብተወሳኺ ምስ ጀብሃ \nርኽክባቶም ዛተቋረጸ ርክብ ንምፍጣር ጸኒዕም ዛቅጽሉ ዛነበሩ ረኺብና። ስርርዒትና ኣስፋሕፍሑ ፡ናይ \nስራሕ ፍሉይ ገዙውቲ ምክራይ ጀሚርና ፡ ኣገዯስቲ ባእታታት እንዲተጸምበሩና ከይዶም ። ብጸጥታዊ መዲይ \nእውን ካብ ጸላኢ ኣገዲሲ ሓቤረታታት እንረኽበሉ ምንጭታት እንዲኣስፋሕፈሔ ከይደ።ንሰውራ ዯገፍ \nዛኾውን ንዋታዊ ሓገዙት እንዲበዖሔ ከይደ ። ንሰራዊት ዛጠቅም ናውቲ ፡ ኣፋውስ ፡ መነጸራት \n(ካሻፋት)ዛኣምሰለ ካብ ኣስመራ ምውጻእ ጀሚርና። ጽልዋና ኣብ ከባቢ ኣስመራ ዖሎዋ ዒድታት እውን \nእንዲበርተዓ ከይደ። \nይቅጽል \n \nመወከሲ \n(1) ብተጋድሎ ሓርነት ኤርትራ ዛተሓትመ መጽሓፍ ቃልሲ ኤርትራ ( ኪፋሕ ኤሪትሪያ) ገጽ - 92 \n(2) \"ኤርትራዊያን ኮማንዶን መስተንክር ስሪሒት 18 ዯቃይቅን\" ዛብል ጽሑፍ ዶ.ሓሰን ኣሕመድ ዲሕለ ። \n(3) ዛተጠቅሰ መጽሓፍ ቃልሲ ኤርትራ (ክፋሕ ኤሪትሪያ) ገጽ - 92 \n(4) ዛተጠቅሰ መጽሓፍ ቃልሲ ኤርትራ ገጽ 93 - 95 \n ", "model": null, "signature": "5cd76fcb586c248ed3fbf74203cb10aeccc8423f41f127bf98f76741ca46dc56", 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ቀሪቡ ዘሎ ዝርዝር መዝገብ ኣብያተ-ማእሰርቲ ህግደፍ ግን ነዚ ሓቂ እዚ እዩ ዘረጋግጽ። ኣብ ርእሲ እዚኣቶም፡ ኣብ ማእከል ኣስመራን ካልኦት ከተማታትን ብደገ ናይ ወራዙት መንበሪ ኣባይቲ ዝመስሉ፡ ኣብ ውሽጦም ግን እሱራት ህግደፍ ብምስጢር ተሓይሮም ዝነብሩሎም ሓያለ ቪላታት-ክፋእ ከምዘለዉ ‘ውን መረጋገጺታት ኣሎ። “ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ክንድዚ ካብ ኮነ ደኣ ‘ሞ፡ እቶም እሱራት ከ ክንደይ ክኾኑ እዮም?” ባህርያዊ ሕቶ እዩ...። ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 11 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 12 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 13 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 16 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 17 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 18 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 19 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 21 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 22 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 23 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 27 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 31 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 33 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 35 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 36 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 37 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 38 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 42 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 46 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 47 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 49 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 57 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 58 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 84 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ስሪሒት ዞባ 1 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ስሪሒት ዞባ 2 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ስሪሒት ዞባ 3 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ስሪሒት ዞባ 4 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ስሪሒት ዞባ 5 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ስሪሒት ዞባ 6 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ምክትታል ዶባት 01 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ምክትታል ዶባት 36 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ምክትታል ዶባት 101 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ምክትታል ዶባት ቸንቶ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ምክትታል ዶባት እንዳ ጥቦት ቤት ማእሰርቲ ገበን ወንጀል መርመራ መደበር ፖሊስ አጂፕ ቤት ማእሰርቲ አጂፕ ቤት ማእሰርቲ አጂፕ 12 አስመራ 1ይ መደበር ፖሊስ 2ይ መደበር ፖሊስ 3ይ መደበር ፖሊስ 4ይ መደበር ፖሊስ 5ይ መደበር ፖሊስ 6ይ መደበር ፖሊስ 7ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ጎዳይፍ 4 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ጎዳይፍ 22 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ጸጸራት ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሰምበል ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሰምበል ቁጽሪ 27 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ትራክቢ 1 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ትራክቢ 2 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሓዝሓዝ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ፎርቶ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ትሕቲ ዕድመ ኮሞሳርያቶ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓዲ ኣበይቶ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓዲ ኣበይቶ 01 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓዲ ኣበይቶ 21 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓዲ ኣበይቶ 24 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓዲ ኣበይቶ 61 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓዲ ኣበይቶ 71 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓዲ ኣበይቶ ሊብያ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ ተመናይ 4 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ ተመናይ 41 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ ተመናይ 104 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ገዛ ባንዳ ቁጽሪ 33 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ብጸሊም ገዛባንዳ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣኽርያ ማይ ድምነት ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣኽርያ ቁጽሪ 13 ቤት ማእሰርቲ እንዳ ራእሲ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዲቢዚቶ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ገዛ ኸኒሻ 08 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሜዳ ባሕቲ መስከረም ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኮብለልቲ ማይ-ጭሆት ቤት ማእሰርቲ እንዳ መሬንጊ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሲነማ ሓማሴን ቤት ማእሰርቲ እንዳ ሰዓል ቤት ማእሰርቲ ቦርቦሬላ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ቦርቦሬላ ቁጽሪ 12 ቤት ማእሰርቲ እንዳ ቖርቆስ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኪዳነ ምህረት ቤተ ገርግሽ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ ስርዋ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ ስርዋ ድብኦ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ድርፎ 23 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ድርፎ 66 ቤት ማእሰርቲ እንዳ ጽዖት ጉርዒ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ቁሸት ባዶ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ቁሸት ቁጽሪ 07 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ቁሸት ቁጽሪ 111 ቤት ማእሰርቲ ጋላ ነፍሒ ቤት ማእሰርቲ በሪኽ ቤት ማእሰርቲ እንዳ ፍላንሳ ቤት ማእሰርቲ እንዳ ድጓና ቤት ማእሰርቲ በለዛ ምክልኻል ቤት ማእሰርቲ በለዛ መኮንናት ቤት ማእሰርቲ በለዛ 2 ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ሰረጀቓ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሰረጀቓቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ነፋሲት- ቤት ማእሰርቲ ነፋሲት ቤት ማእሰርቲ እምባትካላ ቤት ማእሰርቲ እምባትካላ ጡልቁያት ቤት ማእሰርቲ እምባትካላ 6 ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ እምባትካላ ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ደንጎሎ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ደንጎሎ ጸባብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ደንጎሎ ማይ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ደንጎሎ ተጠላቒና ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ጊንዳዕ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ጊንዳዕ ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ዕዳጋ ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ውሽጢ ባጽዕ ቤት ማእሰርቲ 1ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ውሽጢ ባጽዕ ቤት ማእሰርቲ 2ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ውሽጢ ባጽዕ 116. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ውሽጢ ባጽዕ 117. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ግቢ ባጽዕ 118. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ባሕርያ (ባጽዕ) 119. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኹትምያ (ባጽዕ) 120. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣጂፕ 1 ባጽዕ 121. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዳህላክ ማልታ 122. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዳህላክ ስግረ ዶብ 123. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዳህላክ ከይሳዕረረ 124. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዳህላክ 4 125. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ናኹራ 126. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ናኹራ 2 127. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ፍልፍል 128. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ፊሸ ምራራ 129. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ፊሸ መሮር 130. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ፊሸ ባሕሪ 131. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ፊሸ ጽልሚ 132. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዒራ-ዒሮ 133. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዒራ-ዒሮ 38 134. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዒራ-ዒሮ 44 135. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ግላስ 136. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ግላስ 5 137. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ገልዓሎ ባሶ 138. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ገልዓሎ ኣልቶ 139. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ገልዓሎ ሊብያ 140. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ገልዓሎ ስግረ ዶብ 141. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ገልዓሎ 90 142. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዊዓ 143. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዊዓ በርቂ 145. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዊዓ ባሶ ዊዓ 146. ቤት ማእሰርቲ እንዳ ኣሚር 147. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መትከል አብየት 148. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ባቖስ ጁባ 149. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ባቖስ ካርታ 150. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ረሀይ 67 151. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ረሀይ 98 152. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዛራ እንዳ ወርቂ 153. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዛራ እንዳ 1 154. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዛራ እንዳ 4 155. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዛራ እንዳ 17 156. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሞሶዲብ 157. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኼሩ 158. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣለቡ 159. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መዓስከር ሳዋ 160. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሳዋ 98 161. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሳዋ 5ይ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 162. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሳዋ እንዳ ስላሴ 163. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሳዋ እንዳ ጴንጤ 164. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሳዋ እንዳ ጅሆቫ 165. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሳዋ እንዳ ጡልቁያት 166. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሳዋ እንዳ ፈለስቲ 167. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሳዋ እንዳ ዕሩባት 168. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሳዋ እንዳ ስግረ ዶብ 169. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሳዋ እንዳ ከንቶ 170. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሳዋ ኮሪደር 171. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሳዋ እንዳ ቀሺ 172. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሳዋ እንዳ ሸኽ 173. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሳዋ እንዳ ዓበ 174. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሳዋ እንዳ ጽግዕ 175. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዳስየ 176. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዳስየ 2 177. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዳስየ 4 178. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መዕጥር 179. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መዕጥር 21 180. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መዕጥር 22 181. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኹላላ 182. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓዳይት 5ይ ጋንታ 183. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣፍ-ሂምቦል11 184. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣፍ-ሂምቦል12 185. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣፍ-ሂምቦል104 186. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ኦምሓጀር 187. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 1ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ኦምሓጀር 189. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 2ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ኦምሓጀር 190. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኦምሓጀር 191. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ጎልጅ 192. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ጎልጅ 193. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ጎልጅ ጥዩሳት 194. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ኣቑርደት 195. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 1ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ኣቑርደት 196. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 2ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ኣቑርደት 197. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣቑርደት 198. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ባረንቱ 199. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ባረንቱ 200. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ባረንቱ (ፕሪማ ካንትሪ) 201. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ባረንቱ እንዳ ዳጋ 202. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ባረንቱ (ፎርቶ) 203. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ተሰነይ 204. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 1ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ተሰነይ 205. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 2ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ተሰነይ 206. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሰነይ ፍጮ 207. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሰነይ ስግረ ዶብ 208. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣንደርሰን 209. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣንደርሰን 2 210. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣንደርሰን ስግረ ዶብ 211. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣንደርሰን ከይሳዕረረ 212. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣንደርሰን 13 213. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣንደርሰን ኣስኮብላይ 214. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣንደርሰን እንዳ ሄዋን 215. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣንደርሰን እንዳ ዓብደላ 216. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣንደርሰን እንዳ ጀሃድ 217. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣንደርሰን እንዳ ጀሃድ 27 218. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ፎርቶ 219. ቤት ማእሰርቲ እንዳ ጆሜትራ 220. ቤት ማእሰርቲ እንዳ ኣልማዝ 221. ቤት ማእሰርቲ እንዳ ለምለም 222. ቤት ማእሰርቲ እንዳ ቐንጠብ 223. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ድባርዋ 224. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 1ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ድባርዋ 225. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ድባርዋ እንዳ ምኪኤል 226. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ መንደፈራ 227. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 1ይ መደበር ፖሊስ መንደፈራ 228. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 2ይ መደበር ፖሊስ መንደፈራ 229. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መንደፈራ 230. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መንደፈራ ፎርቶ 231. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መንደፈራ እንዳ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 232. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ዓዲ-ዃላ 233. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 1ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ዓዲ-ዃላ 234. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓዲ-ዃላ 235. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ድጓና ዓዲ-ዃላ 236. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓዲ-ዃላ ሕልፈት 237. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ እንዳ ገርግስ 238. ቤት ማእሰርቲ እንዳ ገርግስ 239. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ቆሓይን 240. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ቆሓይን 241. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሰም ዓሰም 242. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ደቀ-ምሓረ 243. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ደቀ-ምሓረ 244. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ካራቢኔሪ ደቀ-ምሓረ 245. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓላ 246. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓላ ድሙቕ 247. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓላ ጋዴን 248. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓላ ኹሉል 249. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓላ ጎላጉል 250. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓላ ላዕላይ 251. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓላ ታሕታይ 252. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓላ ጸዳፍ 253. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓዲ ሮሶ 254. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓዲ ሮሶ እንዳ ጡሕና 255. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓዲ ሮሶ እንዳ ታዕሊም 256. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓዲ ሮሶ እንዳ ተማኑ 257. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓዲ ሮሶ እንዳ ወዲ ባሻይ 258. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓዲ ሮሶ እንዳ ዝንህላል 259. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓዲ ሮሶ እናህባይ 260. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓዲ ሮሶ እንዳ ኩቡኩብ 261. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ባዚት 262. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ባዚት 1 263. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ባዚት ሰልሚ 264. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ባዚት ጉርዒ 265. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ባዚት በሪኽ 266. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ባዚት ክቢ 267. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ሰገነይቲ 268. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሰገነይቲ 269. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ድግሳ 270. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ጾሮና 271. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ጾሮና 272. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ስግረ-ዶብ ጾሮና 273. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ዓድ-ቐይሕ 274. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 1ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ዓዲ-ቐይሕ 275. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 2ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ዓዲ-ቐይሕ 276. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓዲ-ቐይሕ 277. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ስንዓፈ 278. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሰንዓፈ 279. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ስግረ-ዶብ ሰንዓፈ 280. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣለውያ 281. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሚዔ 282. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ኣፍዓበት 283. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 1ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ኣፍዓበት 284. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 2ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ኣፍዓበት 285. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣፍዓበት 286. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ናቕፋ 287. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 1ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ናቕፋ 288. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 2ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ናቕፋ 289. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ናቕፋ እንዳ ኽሻ 290. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ናቕፋ እንዳ 17 291. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ናቕፋ እንዳ ማሞ 292. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ስዋራ 2 293. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ስዋራ 4 294. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ረሀይ 67 295. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ረሀይ 98 296. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ጥሩቕ-ሩቕ 297. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሕሽክብ 9 298. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሕሽክብ 14 299. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሕሽክብ ባረ 300. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሓስመት 301. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሓስመት ጨው 302. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማርሳ ጉልቡብ 303. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሓሊበት አስኮብላይ 304. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሓሊበት 8 305. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሓሊበት 18 306. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማህሚመት ከይሳዕረረ 307. ቤት ማእሰርቲ እንዳ ጁባ 12 308. ቤት ማእሰርቲ እንዳ ሓነቕቲ 309. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ፋሕ 09 310. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ፋሕ እንዳ ናይብ 311. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓራግ 14 312. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓራግ 21 313. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓራግ እንዳ ምንቕቓሕ 314. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሓሽከርበብ 1 315. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ወጀባ እንዳ 17 316. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሰበርቀጠ 317. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዒላ-ባቡ 318. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ብሊቓት እንዳ ሻምበል ባሻ 319. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ብሊቓት 19 320. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዒታሮ 321. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መንካዕ ቀትሪ 322. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መንካዕ ለይቲ 323. ቤት ማእሰርቲ እንዳ ዓጃውጅ 2 324. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ጠብሕ 325. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ጠብሕ ከንቶ 326. ቤት ማእሰርቲ እንዳ ኸበሮ 327. ቤት ማእሰርቲ እንዳ ሓለዋ 328. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ምድሪ-ዌት 329. ቤት ማእሰርቲ እግሪ ለምለም 330. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኮብለልቲ 1 331. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ጢዖ 332. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዕዲ 333. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ፋጊ-ሚራሕ 334. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዳምሒና 335. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ካሪቦስ 336. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሲብሶራን 337. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሳፌሪን 338. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ክሌማ 339. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ዓሰብ 340. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 1ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ዓሰብ 341. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 2ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ዓሰብ 342. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓሰብ ተሃድሶ 343. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓሰብ 344. ቤት ማእሰርቲ እንዳ ጫት ዓሰብ 345. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት ዓሰብ 346. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሲሞቲ 347. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ሓጋዝ 348. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሓጋዝ 349. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሓጋዝ 5ይ መስርዕ 350. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ዒላ-በርዒድ 351. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዒላ-በርዒድ 352. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዒላ-በርዒድ 44 353. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ግዝግዛ 354. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ግዝግዛ ጡልቁያት 355. ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ከረን 356. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 1ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ከረን 357. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 2ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ከረን 358. ቤት ማእሰርቲ 3ይ መደበር ፖሊስ ከረን 359. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ከረን 360. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ፎርቶ ከረን 361. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኩቡኩብ 24 362. ቤት ማእሰርቲ ጨረር ንገለ ካብቶም ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ብናይ ሳትላይት ስእሊ ንምርኣይ ኣብዚ ጠውቑ Source Asena.com", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "2a0be565bac32d818c628ee9", "source_sha256": "7eb42aa8c76de4f7a0df9cc5a979ee1325207ad916ac50590c8acf8508593efd", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-cedf681a2a10193214dc475d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/1/0", "start": 201, "end": 201 }, "anchors": [ "source-ja-containerwrap", "source-ja-container", "source-ja-container-inner", "source-ja-content", "source-ja-pathway", "source-ja-subnavwrap" ], "content": [ { "text": "[External image reference]", "href": "http://assenna.com/templates/ja_teline_ii/images/arrow.png" }, { "text": " ዝርዝር አስማት አብያተ ማእሰርቲ ኤርትራ" } ] }, { "id": "b-31a4a716099474174c413fbd", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/3/1", "start": 650, "end": 685 }, "anchors": [ "source-ja-current-content" ], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "ዝርዝር አስማት አብያተ ማእሰርቲ ኤርትራ" } ] }, { "id": "b-6eab15dba35372fc6674f83c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/3/5/1/0", "start": 1317, "end": 1434 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "[External image reference]", "href": "http://assenna.com/images/resized/prisons1.jpg" }, { "text": "ህግደፍ ካብ ዝሰርሖ ኣብያተ-ትምህርቲ ህግደፍ ዝሰርሖ ኣብያተ-ማእሰርቲ ይበዝሕ ክብሃል ከሎ ንገለ የዋሃት ኣጋንኖ ይመስሎም ይኸውን። እዚ ኣብ ታሕቲ ቀሪቡ ዘሎ ዝርዝር መዝገብ ኣብያተ-ማእሰርቲ ህግደፍ ግን ነዚ ሓቂ እዚ እዩ ዘረጋግጽ። ኣብ ርእሲ እዚኣቶም፡ ኣብ ማእከል ኣስመራን ካልኦት ከተማታትን ብደገ ናይ ወራዙት መንበሪ ኣባይቲ ዝመስሉ፡ ኣብ ውሽጦም ግን እሱራት ህግደፍ ብምስጢር ተሓይሮም ዝነብሩሎም ሓያለ ቪላታት-ክፋእ ከምዘለዉ ‘ውን መረጋገጺታት ኣሎ። “ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ክንድዚ ካብ ኮነ ደኣ ‘ሞ፡ እቶም እሱራት ከ ክንደይ ክኾኑ እዮም?” ባህርያዊ ሕቶ እዩ...።" } ] }, { "id": "b-ca49cd1c5e8c8fd855dc8c54", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/3/5/5", "start": 1847, "end": 7585 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": true, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-08e320423a3a9145c12f580e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/3/5/5/1/0", "start": 1872, "end": 1902 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 11" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-931d29915144aeaa9d6e3b0c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/3/5/5/3/0", "start": 1929, "end": 1959 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 12" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-6c8d6189faa18b676639aaa0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/3/5/5/5/0", "start": 1986, "end": 2016 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 13" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-01c334dcd58a342a22742e15", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/3/5/5/7/0", "start": 2043, "end": 2073 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 16" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-ca527292c908423eb20bc2d6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/3/5/5/9/0", "start": 2100, "end": 2130 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 17" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-87263f821bfb7e9e726ef34c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/3/5/5/11/0", "start": 2157, "end": 2187 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 18" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-30ceefbf1dfbae7779b22f40", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/3/5/5/13/0", "start": 2214, "end": 2244 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 19" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-066e2a7e8acc13cad494bb80", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/3/5/5/15/0", "start": 2271, "end": 2301 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ቤት ማእሰርቲ ተሃድሶ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 21" } ] } ] }, { 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ማእሰርቲ ደንጎሎ ተጠላቒና" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-25ac00961785cf96e94a8c9d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/3/5/5/217/0", "start": 7262, "end": 7289 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ጊንዳዕ" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-7308ccb0fe264da571d78462", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/3/5/5/219/0", "start": 7316, "end": 7333 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ቤት ማእሰርቲ ጊንዳዕ" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-0a01e26a7c8f8bff2eb0f9c3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/3/5/5/221/0", "start": 7360, "end": 7385 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ዕዳጋ" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-e97085d575865a99a6ee5ab4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/3/5/5/223/0", "start": 7412, "end": 7441 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ቤት ማእሰርቲ መደበር ፖሊስ ውሽጢ ባጽዕ" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-581910886d45703ffd32f2d5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { 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"alternate_titles": [ "Purge EPLF" ], "language": "mixed", "author": "Resoum Kidane", "byline": "Resoum Kidane", "byline_role": "Author", "date": "31/08/2008", "metadata_evidence": [ { "field": "credit", "value": "Resoum Kidane", "source_excerpt": "Purge and liquidation in the EPLF 1973-1980sResoum Kidane 31/08/2008 As a legacy of the founders of the ELF leaders, in th", "original_sha256": "6d6f43f7b41dce3a7f21d60ec3f2341cf62440783133cbbcfb997cfd6a62a465" }, { "field": "date", "value": "31/08/2008", "source_excerpt": "Purge and liquidation in the EPLF 1973-1980sResoum Kidane 31/08/2008 As a legacy of the founders of the ELF leaders, in the early 197", "original_sha256": "6d6f43f7b41dce3a7f21d60ec3f2341cf62440783133cbbcfb997cfd6a62a465" } ], "text": "Purge and liquidation in the EPLF 1973-1980sResoum Kidane 31/08/2008 As a legacy of the founders of the ELF leaders, in the early 1970s when many progressive Eritrean students from Addis Ababa Hailesellase University joined the EPLF were also not welcome to the EPLF leaders. This was because Mussie, Yohannes and other students who came from university inside Ethiopia were far more progressive fighter than those who separated from ELF. Mengsteab (2005:51) gave a full explanation for this in following his word as follows “According to some accounts, Isaias was never comfortable with the new arrivals from Addis Ababa, especially with Mussie and Yohannes\". Additinally Mussie, Yohannes and their followers were reputed to have been colourful debaters. By contrast, Isaias was said to hate open ideological debate. His style was to use frequent clichés to disparage the ideas and arguments of his opponent, and to use physical force to intimidate his opponents during discussion. “ According to Markakis (1987: 136) Muse Tesfai Mikael, a talented agitator and skilled dialectician who had honed these skills in the student movement. In recognition of his talents, he was put in charge of political education in the training camp, where he gained a reputation among the recent recruit intake . They rallied to his side when he led the challenge to the ELF-PLF leadership in the autumn of 1973, demanding, inter alia, the election of a committee to supervise the actions of the leadership, the participation of all members in decision-making, the election of units, and similar demands which the leaders denounced as anarchist. Megesteab (2005:64) wrote that Isaias was partially successful in brainwashing a large number of his political operatives that the opposition was an Akele Guzai undertaking despite Mussie and Yohannes were too internationalist in their outlook so as not to blindly fall into regionalist trappings. Using regionalism as a card against progressive fighters in 1973, 1976 and 1978, many progressive fighters were physically eliminated by the EPLF leaders between 1973-1980. Regarding this, Teklay Aden, an EPLF security chief who defected to the Ethiopian regime in 1981, revealed that three thousand fighters were physically liquidated by the Front between 1973 and the time of his defection 1980. Solomon Woldemariam, who was in the EPLF leadership from 1971-1977, also suggested that the number of people killed was much larger. Solomon added that around one thousand fighters who participated in the Menka movement were rehabilitated after undergoing serious political indoctrination and self-criticism( Mengiseab,49:2005) In 1974 to 1976 when many university graduates and students joined the EPLF, they too were not made welcome by the EPLF leaders, and anyone whose background was of a student or graduate was under close surveillance since s/he was in trainng. This was also confirmed by Adhanom Fitwi, Adhanomin his interview with Aida Kidane in 2004 described the circumstances of the 1974 in the following: \" When I joined the EPLF in 1974, the Menkae movement had already started in September 1973, and I found the leaders of Menkae in prison. I was a student at the Addis Ababa University and we knew nothing about the Menkae. Very few people knew of it. And in the field immediately we were suspected without justification of sympathizing with the Menkae movement - because we came from Addis Ababa University. This made us concerned\" Read more. The attitude of the E.P.L.F toward the educated fighters in the EPLF Saba Gidy Saba Gidy graduated from Lycee Gibra Mariyam (French School) Addis Ababa and became a secondary school french teacher in Dekemhare. She joined the EPLF from Dekemhare in late 1974 and was working in the Department of Public Adminstration (Jemher) in the Karnishim area of the highlands from 1975- 1977. Subsequently, she was in the combat force at the Massawa Front line for a short period where she was killed in action. In 1970s and 1980s someone who was suspected of having different views from that of the EPLF leaders was commonly sent deliberately from Kefletat (EPLF departments) to the front line, without appropriate military retraining . This happened to many of the EPLF fighters who were killed at the Massawa front in 1977 and 1978. Many of them became a forced martyr. Saba Gidy was one of them. This also happened to the former ELF democratic fighters (Falul) who perished without enough survivors to tell their story at the Massawa Front. The question of Martyrdom within the EPLF in the 1970s This was exacerbated in 1976 when Goitom Berhe, a law graduate of Addis Ababa, and his groups tried to form an underground movement called 'the Eritrean Revolutionary Party' in 1975/1976. 'the Eritrean Revolutionary Party' translated a number of Marxist works to Tigrigna (eg Dialectical Materialism, Four Essays of Philosophy, about the Proletariat Party), and all the literature was then collected and burnt. According to Fitwi (2004), Goitom was sent to Nakfa area, of Tigre speaking area with only one rank (MesRie) of 8 members and actually he did not speak Tigre language. Then he was confined there for some time. And there he wrote an article 'Who is the revolutionary?' handwritten in 30 pages. I and Alem Abraha read it at night with kerosene lamp, though it was forbidden to read the article. About two weeks from then, Goitom was taken away and never seen again. Alem Abraha was soon taken and killed. Case of Alem Abraha Case of Tekle Wedi Keshi Case of Twelde The suspected ring-leaders of Eritrean Revolutionary Party'were arrested and later executed. Some of the victims included: 1)Goitom Berhe, executed in 1978 at Gerger; 2)Mesih Russom, executed in 1980 at Arag ;3) Tewolde Eyob, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 4)Teclai Ghebre-Kristos, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 5)Michael Bereketeab,executed in 1980 at Arag ; 6) Haile Yohannesom, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 7) Samuel Ghebre-Dingil, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 8)Bereket Haile, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 9) Memhir Tecle Habte-Tsion, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 10) Alem Abraha, executed in 1980 at Arag and others. It is good to mention that in 1970s the educated fighters were categorized in two groups, the first groups who opposed the leadership such as the Menka groups or Bistay Goitom were called by Intellectual opportunists by the Front. The second group of educated fighters who played a great role in collaboration with the Front in eliminating those progressive fighters were called Intellectual revolutionaries by the Front. The intellectual revolutionaries collaborated with the Front either directly like Dawit Habtu and Mussa Nibe who were both Law students and staff of Halewa Sewra, or indirectly like Haile Menkerios who translated a number of Marxist works to tigringna while all Eritrean Revolutionary Party' translated Marxist books were collected and burnt. 1975/1976 the author of this paper was in the Information department and I remember that when Haile Menkorias translated a number of Marxist works to tigringna (eg, State and Revolution , The Communist Manifesto, two step backward and one step forward and some of Mao works which I could not remember the title exactly, and we did all the process of printing and package of the publication althought it was not allow to read them because we were ordinary members not only this but also if you tried to read some of the Marx works, you would be in target on these days. Sherman( 1980:64) also stated that in 1976 perhaps as many as 200 young EPLF intellectuals were arrested. Many were executed for “radicalism” for following an alleged Maoist line or sometime known as Bitsay Menkiskas. In the 1970s the victime of the EPLF leaders were not only Menka and Bitsay Menkiskas but also Yemanawyan Menkiskas( Right wing) as the continuation of the democratization movement this movement against corruption in 1977-1978 when most of the town liberated by the EPLF. Among those persons killed for having said a word or two in criticism against corruption of the ruling clique were- 1) Dr Eyob Ghebre-leul, educated in the USSR, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 2) Mehari Ghirma-Tsion, educated in the USSR who joined the EPLF withHaile Menkorias 1972, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 3) Ghebre-Michael Meharizghi; Addis Abeba university graduate, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 4) Hibret Tesfa-Ghaber, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 5) Kidane Abeito, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 6) Fissehaye Kidane (Germen), executed in 1980 at Arag ; 7) Haile Jebha, former EPLF interrogation section chief, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 8) Araya Semere, executed in 1980 at Arag ; 9) Ammanuel Filansa; 10) Solomon Wolde-Mariam, key EPLF leader between 1970-1977,executed in 1988 at Hishkeb and, others. Mogos Fassil, Addis Ababa law graduate, narrowly escaped death by fleeing from gun-point. Adhanom Ftiwee also stated that meeting or seeing former Addis University students in the field became a rarity, unless they were connected with the EPLF leadership, otherwise they were taken away being accused as a member of this and that movement and affiliations. Despite the EPLF leaders and their colloborators accused the ELF of killing innocent and democratic fighters but none of them have acknowledged the crime committed by the EPLF. For example Abedella Adem,in his interview with Awate stated that he left the ELF when the “General Command” (Qiyada Al Ama) detained combatants just for expressing a dissenting opinion. However, he has never come forward to acknowledge the EPLF leader’s crime against innocent fighters for expressing their opinions in the 1970s and 1980s while he was a member of the Central Committee. Issayas and his groups who splited from the ELF provided a justification for their splitting from the ELF by accusing the ELF leaders of killing anyone who opposed the leadership. However when Mesfin Hagos was in the leadership with Issayas more Eritrean liberation fighters were killed by the EPLF leaders than by the ELF leaders. Despite this Mesfin Hagos has never acknowledged his crime while in the leadership in the EPLF like Abedella Adem who was a member of the EPLF Central Committee in the 1970. What is the meaning of silence? The Tears of a sadist Some victims of Issayas during 1970s and 1980s, listed by Alem Tesfay 2003 Halewa Sewra” [Gestapo section of the EPLF] \"EPLF's Maryam Ghimbi\"ኣብ ሓለዋ ሰውራ ሌተና ኮሎነል ጸጉ ኣብ ዝነበረሉ እዋን ንተጋደልቲ ዘሳቕዩን ዝቕጥቕጡን ካብ ዝነበሩ ወዲ ጸጋይ (ብግዜሃይለስላሴፖሊስዝነበረ፡ ተስፋልደት ሚኪኤል “ቀሃስ” ዝጽዋዕ ጥቓ ወ.ወ.ክ.ማ.ዕዳጋሓሙስግዝኡዝነበረ የማነ “ተንሽን” ካብ ደቀምሓረ ኣማኑኤል ተስፋሁነኝ “ቀይሽብር” ኣማኑኤል ልጃም ኣማኑኤል ጳውሎስ (ካብቶም ንጂ15 ክእሰሩ እንከለዉ ኣብ ላንድክሩዘር ዝጽበ ዝነበረ “ታንዱር” ወልደዝጊ ወዲ ዋስዕ ተኪኤ “ወዲ ቐሺ” ካብ ዓዲ ንፋስ (ንኢትዮጵያ ኢዱ ሂቡ፡ ድሓር ብሱዳን ኣቢሉ ናብ ኣሜሪካ፡ ካሊፎርንያ ዝኸደ) ኮሎነል ስምኦን ገብረድንግል ጋይም ተስፋሚኪኤል (ኣብ ሃገራዊ ድሕነት ናይ ወጻኢ ጉዳያት ሓላፊ ዘሎ) ጸጋይ ይስሃቅ (ተመሃራይ ዝነበረ፡ ናብ ተ.ሓ.ኤ ዝሃደመ) ይርክብዎም።ካብዚኣቶም ድሕሪ ነጻነት መዝነት ዝረኸቡ ኣለዉ [source] ሌተና ኮሎነል ጸጉ መን እዩ? Teklay Aden described Halewa Sewra in the following: ”The most criminal and notorious organ within the EPLF is known as 'Halewa Sewra or the security department:” Adhanom Fitew also added that when a person is taken to Halewa Sewra, the person disappears. There was a prison guard confessing later, guarding Mussie and Co., - the lice were so many that a bullet was preferred. A prisoner cannot by himself scratch or move himself because he was beaten for that action. It was such a hot weather that the lice should not have survived, but spread more in contrast. The Menkae leaders and members suffered much. Some fighters on their way to bring water saw Mussie and Co., and said they were unrecognizable, living skeletons and eyes bulging out. Though food was scarce all around, the prisoners were full of lice, tortured and least fed. Some victims of Ali Said [Read more] ብ1970ታት ቅድሚ ናብ ኢትዮጵያ ምስላሙ፡ ናይ ሓለዋ ሰውራ ሓላፊ ተኽላይ ወልደማርያም “ዓደን” ኔሩ። ብድሕሪኡ ሓለዋ ሰውራ ናብቲ ብ2007 ዝሞተ ዓሊ ስዒድ ዓብደላ ተመሓላሊፉ። Ali Said was the Head of “Halewa Sewra” 1977 -1987 Abdella Adem who is one of the opposition group leaders and was a former member of the EPLF CC in his message of condolence over Ali, remembered him for faithful friendship, kindness said Abdella Adem. This was despite Ali’s crimes in the 1970s and 1980s. Click here to see the evidence of his crime. As mentioned earlierAbdella Adem has never come forward to acknowledge the EPLF leader’s crime against innocent fighters for expressing their opinions in the 1970s and 1980s while he was a member of the Central Committee. Purging, liquidation and killing in suspicious circumstances like those of Weldekel Haile did not stop after 1980 and there were more stories of fighters who were killed in suspicious circumstances in the mid 1980s, for example Issayas Tewelde ( Wedi-Flansa), Fisehya Woldegebrel, Ibrahim Afa and others. Generally, the number of fighters who were killed by the EPLF during the liberation struggle was much highter than the number of fighters who killed in the two years civil war 1972-74. According to Mengisteab (2005: 50) the number of fighters physically eliminated by the Front between 1973 and the liberation of Eritrea in 1991, could range between three thousand and five thousand, if those fighters who disappeared under mysterious circumstances are included. In conclusion, the author appeals to all former members of the EPLF who survived the war, especially those who were in the Central Committee between 1977-1987 (Abdella Adem, Haile Menkerios, Mesfin Hagos and Andebrhan Wolde Giorgis ) and other senior post holders, especially members of the 72 ( the EPLF Intelligent Centre ) to tell the public the truth about the EPLF leadership’s crimes against innocent fighters. Read more Purge and Liquidation in the ELF", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "2b88950ec3a803bbacc181b7", "source_sha256": "4ea38359564b28c577fcf0d54a3b2f2137235baf68b34dd4c63f49ba0e45c4b4", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-5a29ab359dbca2ba665d5d17", "type": "record-list", "source": { "path": "/44", "start": 7940, "end": 43556 }, "anchors": [], "caption": [], "records": [ { "source": { "path": "/44/1/2", "start": 8329, "end": 8943 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/2/1", "start": 8339, "end": 8348 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/2/3", "start": 8354, "end": 8363 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/2/5", "start": 8369, "end": 8378 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 4, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { 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"path": "/44/1/6/3", "start": 9684, "end": 12505 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-fde67ab823801db8286d8dc2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/6/3/0/0", "start": 9704, "end": 9708 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As a legacy of the founders of the ELF leaders, in the early 1970s when many progressive Eritrean students from\n Addis Ababa Hailesellase University joined the EPLF were also not welcome to the EPLF leaders. This was because Mussie, Yohannes and other students who came from university inside Ethiopia were far more progressive fighter than those who separated from ELF. Mengsteab (2005:51) gave a full explanation for this in following his word as follows\n “According to some accounts, Isaias was never comfortable with the new arrivals from Addis Ababa, especially with Mussie and Yohannes\"." } ] }, { "id": "b-37a25a2e7bb610cc0b24e67d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/6/3/0/0", "start": 9704, "end": 9708 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Additinally Mussie, Yohannes and their followers were reputed to have been colourful debaters. By contrast, Isaias was said to hate open ideological debate. His style was to use frequent clichés to disparage the ideas and arguments of his opponent, and to use physical force to intimidate his opponents during discussion. “" } ] }, { "id": "b-69650a321d5c6bea0ab45404", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/6/3/0/0", "start": 9704, "end": 9708 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " According to Markakis (1987: 136) Muse Tesfai Mikael, a talented agitator and skilled dialectician who had honed these skills in the student movement. In recognition of his talents, he was put in charge of political education in the training camp, where he gained a reputation among the recent recruit intake . They rallied to his side when he led the challenge to the ELF-PLF leadership in the autumn of 1973, demanding, inter alia, the election of a committee to supervise the actions of the leadership, the participation of all members in decision-making, the election of units, and similar demands which the leaders denounced as anarchist." } ] }, { "id": "b-6973f8357dcf9f5f5d1b23da", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/6/3/2/0", "start": 11552, "end": 11762 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Megesteab (2005:64) wrote that Isaias was partially successful in brainwashing a large number of his political operatives that the opposition was an Akele Guzai undertaking despite " }, { "text": "Mussie and Yohannes ", "href": "/documents/a57d6bd468688624843c6c72/" }, { "text": "were too internationalist in their outlook so as not to blindly fall into regionalist trappings. " } ] }, { "id": "b-e13a14a94165206a109a1cfc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/6/3/2/0", "start": 11552, "end": 11762 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Using regionalism as a card against progressive fighters in 1973, 1976 and 1978, many progressive fighters were physically eliminated by the EPLF leaders between 1973-1980. Regarding this, Teklay Aden, an EPLF security chief who defected to the Ethiopian regime in 1981, revealed that three thousand fighters were physically liquidated by the Front between 1973 and the time of his defection 1980." } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/8", "start": 12517, "end": 13094 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/8/1", "start": 12527, "end": 12535 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 5, "rowspan": 3, "source": { "path": "/44/1/8/3", "start": 12541, "end": 12708 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-6bf8a16c1c2c1c70e4c09b2e", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/8/3/0", "start": 12569, "end": 12703 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/46b06f0a3966e751e3dc8aec86d61141cdc978bd3481baa2858d9837f40c2a58.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] } ] }, { "column": 7, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/8/5", "start": 12714, 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"column": 27, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/8/45", "start": 12994, "end": 13002 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 28, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/8/47", "start": 13008, "end": 13016 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 29, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/8/49", "start": 13022, "end": 13030 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 30, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/8/51", "start": 13036, "end": 13044 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 31, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/8/53", "start": 13050, "end": 13058 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 32, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/8/55", "start": 13064, "end": 13072 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 33, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/8/57", "start": 13078, "end": 13086 }, "blocks": [] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/10", "start": 13098, "end": 13703 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/1", "start": 13108, "end": 13116 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 7, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 21, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/3", "start": 13122, "end": 13611 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-6df119e2e0d344b2a273f899", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/3/0", "start": 13139, "end": 13265 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Solomon Woldemariam,", "href": "/documents/51bd6560e1570a3fdbef9840/" }, { "text": " who was in the EPLF leadership from 1971-1977, also suggested that the number of people killed was much larger. Solomon added that around one thousand fighters who participated in the Menka movement were rehabilitated after undergoing serious political indoctrination and self-criticism( Mengiseab,49:2005)" } ] } ] }, { "column": 28, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/5", "start": 13617, "end": 13625 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 29, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/7", "start": 13631, "end": 13639 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 30, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/9", "start": 13645, "end": 13653 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 31, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/11", "start": 13659, "end": 13667 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 32, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/13", "start": 13673, "end": 13681 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 33, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/10/15", "start": 13687, "end": 13695 }, "blocks": [] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/14", "start": 14115, "end": 22950 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/1", "start": 14125, "end": 14134 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 31, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/3", "start": 14140, "end": 22927 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-ac9a9bb66f6f4530badf75ce", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/3/0/0", "start": 14160, "end": 14164 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In 1974 to 1976 when many university graduates and students joined the EPLF, they too were not made welcome by the EPLF leaders, and anyone whose background was of a student or graduate was under close surveillance since s/he was in trainng. This was also confirmed by " }, { "text": "Adhanom Fitwi, Adhanomin his interview with Aida Kidane", "href": "/documents/00ece980cd13d605dcdda4e3/" }, { "text": " in 2004 described the circumstances of the 1974 in the following:" } ] }, { "id": "b-afd4b3c1917c6c9dc7c275ea", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/3/0/0", "start": 14160, "end": 14164 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "\" When I joined the EPLF in 1974, the Menkae movement had already started in September 1973,\n and I found the leaders of Menkae in prison. I was a student at the Addis Ababa University and \n we knew nothing about the Menkae. Very few people knew of it. And in the field immediately we\n were suspected without justification of sympathizing with the Menkae movement - because we came\n from Addis Ababa University. This made us concerned\"", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "Read more.", "href": "/documents/00ece980cd13d605dcdda4e3/" } ] }, { "id": "b-faf6b1daac3322e809e12aaf", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/3/0/0", "start": 14160, "end": 14164 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "The attitude of the E.P.L.F toward the educated fighters in the EPLF", "href": "/documents/a9e07bff2d85c650f390f8fb/" } ] }, { "id": "b-739e52d3caf3fd803e7f9ff9", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/3/2/1/0/1/0/0", "start": 16064, "end": 16190 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/eb2b51f6c0a90fd0cf736f9b42f9d41880fbd2e4217e64d806cfad6adf30c331.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-c0e9bbd839b21a1170e7db26", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/3/2/1/0/3/0/0", "start": 16347, "end": 16475 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/aab437f4bcdb9bb3703e5bc4421b2651ac0899058c5e613b17592ebc869e7720.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Saba Gidy", "href": "/documents/5949381e925989053bbd3b39/" } ] }, { "id": "b-4ce8180912b33730ae7382f7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/3/2/1/0/5/0/0", "start": 16641, "end": 16758 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Saba Gidy", "href": "/documents/5949381e925989053bbd3b39/" }, { "text": " graduated fro" }, { "text": "m Lycee Gibra Mariyam (French School) Addis Ababa and became a secondary school french teacher in ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "Dekemhare. She joined the EPLF from Dekemhare in late 1974 and was working in the Department of Public Adminstration (Jemher) in the Karnishim area of the highlands from 1975- 1977. Subsequently, she was in the combat force at the Massawa Front line for a short period where she was killed in action. In 1970s and 1980s someone who was suspected of having different views from that of the EPLF leaders was commonly sent deliberately from Kefletat (EPLF departments) to the front line, without appropriate military retraining . This happened to many of the EPLF fighters who were killed at the Massawa front in 1977 and 1978. Many of them became a forced martyr. Saba Gidy was one of them. This also happened to the former ELF democratic fighters (Falul) who perished without enough survivors to tell their story at the Massawa Front." } ] }, { "id": "b-f96bd6a5b3791253012280bd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/3/3", "start": 17772, "end": 17778 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The question of Martyrdom within the EPLF in the 1970s", "href": "/documents/5949381e925989053bbd3b39/" } ] }, { "id": "b-8da1b13e370eaca06fcec7bd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/3/12/0", "start": 17998, "end": 18761 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "This was exacerbated in 1976 when Goitom Berhe, a law graduate of Addis Ababa, and his groups tried to form an underground movement called 'the Eritrean Revolutionary Party' in 1975/1976. 'the Eritrean Revolutionary Party' translated a number of Marxist works to Tigrigna (eg Dialectical Materialism, Four Essays of Philosophy, about the Proletariat Party), and all the literature was then collected and burnt. " } ] }, { "id": "b-7480f25f6f1df97beb5f046b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/3/12/0", "start": 17998, "end": 18761 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " According to Fitwi (2004), Goitom was sent to Nakfa area, of Tigre speaking area with only one rank (MesRie) of 8 members and actually he did not speak Tigre language. Then he was confined there for some time. And there he wrote an article 'Who is the revolutionary?' handwritten in 30 pages. I and Alem Abraha read it at night with kerosene lamp, though it was forbidden to read the article. About two weeks from then, Goitom was taken away and never seen again. Alem Abraha was soon taken and killed." } ] }, { "id": "b-29a7952368dbcc8bc5a75443", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/3/12/6", "start": 19099, "end": 19237 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-3db349ed605cc5de7afc3ecd", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/3/12/8", "start": 19290, "end": 19428 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-3145eb2e59af921dc3ff799b", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/3/12/10", "start": 19475, "end": 19613 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/115045094c2e1b18a8d7a09d1b98eb8651b4adbceab16d23a4e1a8a35a94840d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-31bfc88c0a2ef9502541aa35", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/3/12/11", "start": 19614, "end": 19618 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Case of Alem Abraha", "href": "/documents/dd2af7de10248bdd8d15ffab/" }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "Case of Tekle Wedi Keshi ", "href": "/documents/089316631ce264d4fbd5662a/" }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "Case of Twelde", "href": "/documents/42a5c574dce1f96cbe69c2cc/" } ] }, { "id": "b-99401422636873547be9c64d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/3/12/11", "start": 19614, "end": 19618 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " The suspected ring-leaders of Eritrean Revolutionary Party'were arrested and later executed. Some of the victims included: " } ] }, { "id": "b-1e237f9ad7008e2e1acc0153", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/3/12/11", "start": 19614, "end": 19618 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " 1)Goitom Berhe, " }, { "text": "executed in 1978 at Gerger", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 2)Mesih Russom, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ";3) Tewolde Eyob, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 4)Teclai Ghebre-Kristos, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 5)Michael Bereketeab," }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 6) Haile Yohannesom, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 7) Samuel Ghebre-Dingil, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 8)Bereket Haile, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 9) Memhir Tecle Habte-Tsion, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; \n 10) Alem Abraha, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " and others. " } ] }, { "id": "b-ba32df47d790e92afccdf82b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/3/12/11", "start": 19614, "end": 19618 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " It is good to mention that in 1970s the educated fighters were categorized in two groups, the first groups who opposed the leadership such as the Menka groups or Bistay Goitom were called by Intellectual opportunists by the Front. The second group of educated fighters who played a great role in collaboration with the Front in eliminating those progressive fighters were called Intellectual revolutionaries by the Front. The intellectual revolutionaries collaborated with the Front either directly like Dawit Habtu and Mussa Nibe who were both Law students and staff of Halewa Sewra, or indirectly like Haile Menkerios who translated a number of Marxist works to tigringna while all Eritrean Revolutionary Party' translated Marxist books were collected and burnt." } ] }, { "id": "b-2aaa58c47d908cbc80ba6801", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/3/12/11", "start": 19614, "end": 19618 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " 1975/1976 the author of this paper was in the Information department and I remember that when Haile Menkorias translated a number of Marxist works to tigringna (eg, State and Revolution , The Communist Manifesto, two step backward and one step forward and some of Mao works which I could not remember the title exactly, and we did all the process of printing and package of the publication althought it was not allow to read them because we were ordinary members not only this but also if you tried to read some of the Marx works, you would be in target on these days." } ] }, { "id": "b-468ecf8e170e758e1cf0c875", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/3/14/0", "start": 22675, "end": 22918 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Sherman( 1980:64) also stated that in 1976 perhaps as many as 200 young EPLF intellectuals were arrested. Many were executed for “radicalism” for following an alleged Maoist line or sometime known as Bitsay Menkiskas." } ] } ] }, { "column": 33, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/14/5", "start": 22933, "end": 22942 }, "blocks": [] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/16", "start": 22954, "end": 25205 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/1", "start": 22964, "end": 22972 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 30, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3", "start": 22978, "end": 25169 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-e91f82a0b540cd8cc6fa7c22", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/0/0", "start": 22998, "end": 23002 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In the 1970s the victime of the EPLF leaders were not only Menka and Bitsay Menkiskas but also Yemanawyan Menkiskas( Right wing) as the continuation of the democratization movement this movement against corruption in 1977-1978 when most of the town liberated by the EPLF. " } ] }, { "id": "b-471ec4c3a57c095acd5c0eba", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/0/0", "start": 22998, "end": 23002 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Among those persons killed for having said a word or two in criticism against corruption of the ruling clique were- 1) Dr Eyob Ghebre-leul, educated in the USSR, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 2) Mehari Ghirma-Tsion, educated in the USSR who joined the EPLF withHaile Menkorias 1972, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 3) Ghebre-Michael Meharizghi; Addis Abeba university graduate, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 4) Hibret Tesfa-Ghaber, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 5) Kidane Abeito, " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 6) Fissehaye Kidane (Germen), " }, { "text": "executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 7) Haile Jebha, former EPLF interrogation section chief," }, { "text": " executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 8) Araya Semere," }, { "text": " executed in 1980 at Arag ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; 9) Ammanuel Filansa; 10) Solomon Wolde-Mariam, key EPLF leader between 1970-1977," }, { "text": "executed in 1988 at Hishkeb ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " and, others. Mogos Fassil, Addis Ababa law graduate, narrowly escaped death by fleeing from gun-point." } ] }, { "id": "b-db078009f4b4d867ac77ed7e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/2/0", "start": 24535, "end": 24655 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Adhanom Ftiwee", "href": "/documents/00ece980cd13d605dcdda4e3/" }, { "text": " also stated that meeting or seeing former Addis University students in the field became a rarity, unless they were connected with the EPLF leadership, otherwise they were taken away being accused as a member of this and that movement and affiliations." } ] }, { "id": "b-7a38404eef051d40d14aa450", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/3/4/0", "start": 24971, "end": 25160 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Despite the EPLF leaders and their colloborators accused the ELF of killing innocent and democratic fighters but none of them have acknowledged the crime committed by the EPLF." } ] } ] }, { "column": 32, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/5", "start": 25175, "end": 25183 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 33, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/16/7", "start": 25189, "end": 25197 }, "blocks": [] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/18", "start": 25209, "end": 26288 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 3, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/18/1", "start": 25219, "end": 25364 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-0a3a50427f52203474627a59", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/18/1/0", "start": 25235, "end": 25359 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/32a9b56f6a7032f1fc9dda26d2c5280258dc5ce8cc51fd6ab62be94a7e270217.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] } ] }, { "column": 4, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/18/3", "start": 25370, "end": 25379 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 5, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 27, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/18/5", "start": 25385, "end": 26252 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-3e33b92068a82ed8b4627e85", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/18/5/0", "start": 25402, "end": 25425 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "For example " }, { "text": "Abedella Adem,in his interview with Awate", "href": "http://www.awate.com/artman/publish/article_2973.shtml" }, { "text": " stated that he left the ELF when the “" }, { "text": "General Command”", "href": "/documents/3ef2350f72026aae78dc91b9/" }, { "text": " (Qiyada Al Ama) detained combatants just for expressing a dissenting opinion. 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{ "text": "Halewa Sewra", "href": "/documents/5f20138eb813436ad152f927/" }, { "text": "” [" }, { "text": "Gestapo ", "href": "http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/Gestapo" }, { "text": "section of the EPLF] \"EPLF's Maryam Ghimbi\"ኣብ ሓለዋ ሰውራ ሌተና ኮሎነል ጸጉ ኣብ ዝነበረሉ እዋን ንተጋደልቲ ዘሳቕዩን ዝቕጥቕጡን ካብ ዝነበሩ" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/38", "start": 30153, "end": 31168 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/38/1", "start": 30163, "end": 30171 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 6, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/38/3", "start": 30177, "end": 30197 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 8, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/38/5", "start": 30203, "end": 30211 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 9, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 16, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/38/7", "start": 30217, "end": 30363 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-189b0763565d8ce0ee810382", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/38/7/0", "start": 30234, "end": 30358 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/6e9abe38c73f75b4e14e47e963add22e316ae92995adddfdf39be0400c881feb.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] } ] }, { "column": 25, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 9, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/38/9", "start": 30369, "end": 31160 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-b6d9d4326c6531225d72374b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/38/9/0", "start": 30385, "end": 30411 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ወዲ ጸጋይ (ብግዜሃይለስላሴፖሊስዝነበረ፡\n ተስፋልደት ሚኪኤል “ቀሃስ” ዝጽዋዕ ጥቓ ወ.ወ.ክ.ማ.ዕዳጋሓሙስግዝኡዝነበረ\n የማነ “ተንሽን” ካብ ደቀምሓረ\n ኣማኑኤል ተስፋሁነኝ “ቀይሽብር”\n ኣማኑኤል ልጃም\n ኣማኑኤል ጳውሎስ (ካብቶም ንጂ15 ክእሰሩ እንከለዉ ኣብ ላንድክሩዘር ዝጽበ ዝነበረ\n “ታንዱር”\n ወልደዝጊ\n ወዲ ዋስዕ\n ተኪኤ “ወዲ ቐሺ” ካብ ዓዲ ንፋስ (ንኢትዮጵያ ኢዱ ሂቡ፡ ድሓር ብሱዳን ኣቢሉ ናብ ኣሜሪካ፡ ካሊፎርንያ ዝኸደ)\n ኮሎነል ስምኦን ገብረድንግል\n ጋይም ተስፋሚኪኤል (ኣብ ሃገራዊ ድሕነት ናይ ወጻኢ ጉዳያት ሓላፊ ዘሎ)\n ጸጋይ ይስሃቅ (ተመሃራይ ዝነበረ፡ ናብ ተ.ሓ.ኤ ዝሃደመ) ይርክብዎም።ካብዚኣቶም ድሕሪ ነጻነት መዝነት ዝረኸቡ ኣለዉ " }, { "text": "[source] ሌተና ኮሎነል ጸጉ መን እዩ?", "href": "/documents/d921b119d409f2d05828045a/" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/40", "start": 31172, "end": 31483 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/40/1", "start": 31182, "end": 31190 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 27, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/40/3", "start": 31196, "end": 31404 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-47191aaf94b14a7c7e95123b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/40/3/0", "start": 31213, "end": 31273 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Teklay Aden described Halewa Sewra in the following:\n ”The most criminal and notorious organ within the EPLF is known as 'Halewa Sewra or the security department:”" } ] } ] }, { "column": 29, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/40/5", "start": 31410, "end": 31419 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 30, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/40/7", "start": 31425, "end": 31433 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 31, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/40/9", "start": 31439, "end": 31447 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 32, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/40/11", "start": 31453, "end": 31461 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 33, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/40/13", "start": 31467, "end": 31475 }, "blocks": [] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/44", "start": 31965, "end": 33070 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/44/1", "start": 31975, "end": 31983 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/44/3", "start": 31989, "end": 31998 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/44/5", "start": 32004, "end": 32013 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 4, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/44/7", "start": 32019, "end": 32027 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 5, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/44/9", "start": 32033, "end": 32041 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 6, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/44/11", "start": 32047, "end": 32055 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 7, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/44/13", "start": 32061, "end": 32069 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 8, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/44/15", "start": 32075, "end": 32083 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 9, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/44/17", "start": 32089, "end": 32097 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 10, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/44/19", "start": 32103, "end": 32111 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 11, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/44/21", "start": 32117, "end": 32125 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 12, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/44/23", "start": 32131, "end": 32139 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 13, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 20, "rowspan": 3, "source": { "path": "/44/1/44/25", "start": 32145, "end": 33048 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-8e61acda615f41c7436c11e3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/44/25/0", "start": 32174, "end": 32313 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Adhanom Fitew", "href": "/documents/00ece980cd13d605dcdda4e3/" }, { "text": " also added that when a person is taken to Halewa Sewra, the person disappears. There was a prison guard confessing later, guarding Mussie and Co., - the lice were so many that a bullet was preferred. A prisoner cannot by himself scratch or move himself because he was beaten for that action. It was such a hot weather that the lice should not have survived, but spread more in contrast. The Menkae leaders and members suffered much. Some fighters on their way to bring water saw Mussie and Co., and said they were unrecognizable, living skeletons and eyes bulging out. Though food was scarce all around, the prisoners were full of lice, tortured and least fed." } ] } ] }, { "column": 33, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/44/27", "start": 33054, "end": 33062 }, "blocks": [] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/46", "start": 33074, "end": 33282 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/46/1", "start": 33084, "end": 33092 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 10, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/46/3", "start": 33098, "end": 33246 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-95b7e125e6626a2f75a97e0d", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/46/3/0", "start": 33115, "end": 33241 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/e561dc33c50b049a9fa9844f9bb2d5da5eb9c91c4f31c510d74bfc6e729da24a.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] } ] }, { "column": 12, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": 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C" }, { "text": "lick here to see the evidence of his crime.", "href": "/documents/9314b50c7face6498929f752/" }, { "text": "\n As mentioned earlierAbdella Adem has never come forward to acknowledge the EPLF leader’s " }, { "text": "crime against innocent fighters for expressing their opinions in the 1970s and 1980s ", "href": "/documents/9314b50c7face6498929f752/" }, { "text": "while he was a member of the Central Committee." } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/68", "start": 38781, "end": 40195 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 33, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/68/1", "start": 38791, "end": 40187 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-4bd1d4891ec9c82f54028efa", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/68/1/0", "start": 38808, "end": 38812 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Purging, liquidation and killing in suspicious circumstances like those of Weldekel Haile did not stop after 1980 and there were more stories of fighters who were killed in suspicious circumstances in the mid 1980s, for example Issayas Tewelde ( Wedi-Flansa), Fisehya Woldegebrel, Ibrahim Afa and others. " } ] }, { "id": "b-b0492ce93b754503f5b3839d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/68/1/0", "start": 38808, "end": 38812 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Generally, the number of fighters who were killed by the EPLF during the liberation struggle was much highter than the number of fighters who killed in the two years civil war 1972-74. According to Mengisteab (2005: 50) the number of fighters physically eliminated by the Front between 1973 and the liberation of Eritrea in 1991, could range between three thousand and five thousand, if those fighters who disappeared under mysterious circumstances are included." } ] }, { "id": "b-5e2db7d3659c458c26913cb5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/68/1/0", "start": 38808, "end": 38812 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " In conclusion, the author appeals to all former members of the EPLF who survived the war, especially those who were in the Central Committee between 1977-1987 (Abdella Adem, Haile Menkerios, Mesfin Hagos and Andebrhan Wolde Giorgis ) and other senior post holders, especially members of the 72 ( the EPLF Intelligent Centre ) to tell the public the truth about the EPLF leadership’s crimes against innocent fighters." } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/70", "start": 40199, "end": 40813 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": 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Thursday, 04 June 2009 12:20 ICFC 202-797-2105 3032 ICFC has learned the recent death of four", "original_sha256": "c88b05070e76b9c1304e867921321d0723ecdbf4e80bcf0aad3ea9da01c5be3c" } ], "text": "Shocking News of Christian Prisoners at Assab, Eritrea. Thursday, 04 June 2009 12:20 ICFC 202-797-2105 3032 ICFC has learned the recent death of four young Christians who were kept in an underground dungeon at Assab for nearly six years. In addition, four others who were kept in the dark hold of one of the many underground prisons for months went blind following their sudden exposure to Assab’s piercing sunlight. The port city of Assab is located in the Southern Red Sea Region on the west coast of the Red Sea. It is reputed for being one of the hottest places year-round anywhere in the world with the temperature soaring to 120°F during the dry season. National Geography describes the place as the “cruelest place on earth” and that “it's hard to imagine a more brutal landscape.” Since the Ethio-Eritrean border conflict of 1998-2000, Eritrea keeps a huge army in and around the port city. While well-documented systematic religious persecution throughout Eritrea has been an established policy of the autocratic regime - particularly since May, 2002 – the situation in Assab has been most disturbing in its extent as well as the sheer cruelty of the torture of the men and women of the armed forces who profess their Christian faith. According to our eye-witness sources, there are several holes dug in this unforgivable and hostile desert where varying numbers of Christians are kept. They receive a daily ration of three pieces of bread, a cup of tea in the morning and only three cups of water. The group of five men who were held in one such hole in the ground was allowed to come out for 15 minutes a day. After six years in such a condition, all of them were emaciated beyond recognition. While four of them finally succumbed to death, one person was released. He has since escaped to Sudan. Another group of four prisoners who were considered “unrepentant” were not at all allowed to see daylight during much of the five years of their imprisonment. They just wasted away in the filthy dungeon. A few months ago, for some inexplicable reason, they were taken out of the dark hole in the ground. With sudden exposure to the glare of the sun’s rays, all four of them went completely and permanently blind. ICFC has learned that the express reason for such cruelty is to break the will of the prisoners and force them to sign confessions recanting their faith. Former prisoners who were held in similar underground cells in some of the hundreds of similar places throughout Eritrea report similar efforts by sadistic officers and guards. The men who were rendered blind have recently been whisked out of the country because of warnings they had received for discussing their story. Once free, they have remarked: “Yes, our jailers were able to take away our eye-sight, but they will never be able to break our morale, our spirit and our faith.” ICFC hopes to have a video presentation by one or more of the victims. Eritrea is one of 8 countries listed by the US State Department as CPC (Countries of Particular Concern) for its flagrant abuse and persecution of Christians. Evangelical and Charismatic churches have been ordered closed since May 2002. Nearly 3500 Christians are languishing in prisons. Tens of thousands have fled the country. Scores of church leaders, including the Patriarch of the Eritrean Orthodox Church and priests, remain in prison. SACS once again calls for the immediate release of all prisoners of conscience and the restoration of the rights of Eritreans to freedom of worship. 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As a result of this there was conflict between new fighters who joined Front with a secular vision and seeking greater democracy, and the old ELF leadership. Here is more information related to the ELF internal crisis from ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ፡ ጉዕዞና ክቐንዕ -ካብ 1973 ክሳብ 1975 ዓ.ም. ኣብ ዝነበረ መድረኽ፣ ተጋድሎ ሓርነት ኤርትራ ብሓደስቲ ተጋደልቲ እናተዓብለለ እዩ መጺኡ። እዞም ተጋደልቲ እዚኣቶም ብሓያል ሃገራዊ ስምዒት ንናጽነት ክቃለሱ ዝመጹ፣ ኣብ ዝኾነ ድሑር ፖለቲካ ዘይተመራስሑ ንጹሃት መንእሰያት እዮም። ብዘይካ መስዋእቲ ከፊልካ ናጽነት ኤርትራ ምምጻእ ድማ፣ ካልእ ድጉል ተጻባኢ ዕላማን ድርኺትን ኣይነበሮምን። ይኹን እምበር፣ እዚ ምዕባለታት’ዚ ንዓብደላ እድሪስ ኣይተበርሆን። ካብቲ ድሑርን ወገናዊን ኣጠማምታኡ ዝብገስ፣ ነዞም ሓደስቲ ተጋደልቲ ፍጹም ኣይፈተዎምን። ብዓይኒ ጽልኢን ስግኣትን እዩ ጠሚትዎም። ከም ንኣሽቱ ኣሕዋቱ፣ ከም ወገኑን ጸግዑን ኣይርኣዮምን። ምኽንያቱ፣ እዞም ሓደስቲ ተጋደልቲ መብዛሕትኦም ተማሃሮ እዮም። ብዙሓት ካብኣቶም ድማ ደቂ ከበሳ። ዓብደላ እድሪስ፣ ምምጻእ ናይዚ ሓድሽ ሓይሊ ከቢድ ጥርጣረን ፍርሒን እዩ ኣሕዲሩሉ። Read more 1974 ካልኣዊ ግርጭት ብልዝብ ንምንታይ ዘይፍታሕ? ኢሎም ሕቶ ንዘልዓሉ 47 ተጋደልቲ ደቂ ከበሳ ነበሩ። መልሲ፡ ካብ ደቂ ዓዋተ ዝተዋህበ ካብ ላዕለዋይ መሪሕነት ክቕንጸሉ ኣለዎም፡ እዚኦም “ሰውራ ምዳዳ ወይ ጸረ ገድሊ እዮም” ኢልካ ተወሰነ። ሕሩይ ተድላ ባይሩ ኣብ ሜዳ ብምንባሩ፡ ታሪኻዊ ዝኾነ ኣብ ሜዳ ኤርትራ ኣኼባ ሮራ መንሳዕ ንክልተ መዓልትን ለይትን ዝወሰድ ኣኼባ እዩ። ንሱ ድማ፡ ነዚ ውሳኔ ነጸጎ፡ “እዚ ብምርሻን ኣይኮነን ዝፍታሕ ኣነ ውን ነዚ ሓሳቦም ይቕበሎየ ኢሉ” ካብ ምርሻን ኣድሓኖም። ስዒቡ ግና ፋሉል ተባሂሎም ንኽጠፍኡ 1977 ፈ ረድዎም። read more Gaim(2008: 297 p) states that a small organization known as marksawi gujle (MAGU) (Marxist Group) under the leadership of Hurui Tedla Bairu and Said Saber, was secretly created to provide leadership to the internal opposition, as well as to articulate its demands, but this task proved far beyond its capability and means.(Said Saber later became one of the leaders of the Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement) Notwithstanding the fact that the internal oppositions was disorganized, disarticulated, spontaneous and scattered, the ELF's leadership felt threatened and unleashed a vicious campaign of demonisation and intimidation of the individuals it suspected of being key actors in the movement. In an attempt to discredit the spontaneous internal opposition, the leadership gave the movement a derogatory name \"Falul\" which literally means the unruly. The decision of the RC third regular session was opposed by three groups- a sizeable proportion of the rank and file of the Front, an unknown but substantial number of political cadres and some members of the RC. When the decision to invite the EPLF and the ELF-PLF was taken at the RC's third regular session, some members of the latter opposed the decision, MAGU dispatched its cadres secretly to different battalions and units to provide leadership to the rejectionist Movement, but the iinformation leaked out and ten of the cadres, including Yohannes Asmelash, were caught and detained in a place called Humert Kelbo. Given the seriousness of the case, they were handed over to Abdella Idris, who was at the time head of the Labor Party's Security Department and head of the Front's military office. They were intensively interrogated by Abedella and were later handed over to Melake Tekle, head of the Front's Security Departmrnt. Six cadres from Battalion 149, hereafter B149 were also detained and brought to Humert Kelbo. Those who were detained included Yohannes Asmelash, Andeab Gebremeskel(member of the RC), Gebrebrehan Zere, Giorgis Habte,Mezgeb Gebrehiwet, Kifle Asgedom, Asgedom Embaye, Zenna Mengesteab, Hagos Zeru and Mengsteam Mesmer all from MAGU. Another six from Battalion 149 were also detained-Fessehye Tareke Medhanie(Abraraw), and four others the list of the detaines was obtained from Yohannes Asmelash [source Gaim 326] The detainees were subjected to inhuman treatment at the head of two notorious tortures-Haile Woldesellassie and his deputy Zekarias. The two also tortureed to death another fighters, Suleiman Dinni. In Yohannes' view the two tortuers, especially Zekaris were most probably sadists and insane. According to Yohannes who was a detainee himself, the detainees were repeatedly tortured throughout the three years he was there. Although the Rejectionists were everywhere they were most heavily concentrated in batalions B262 in Z4 (Senhit) headed by Said Saleh and B149 in the vicinity of Agordat, in which the commander was Mahmoud Dine. This was notwithstanding the fact that Said Saleh and Mahmoud Dinai were strongly opposed to the demands of the Rejectionists, and later played a key role in the suppression of the movement[Gaim p301] When the first commander Mahmout Dinai was on leave, the fighters insisted that their demand for an audience with a representative of the RC should be responded to. The deputy commander who was then in charge told them conceitedly that the decision to allow the armed wing of the ELF-PLF to operate in the liberated areas controlled by B149 was his own decision . His blatant lack of accountability incensed the fighters who detained him as a result. Around July 8-9 1977, those in B149 detected unusual movements of heavily armed contigents outside of Tekerer, where they were grounded, they never suspected that the leadership would use force against them. But later the leadership had cut all supplies and the fighters had no food for two days.What the fighters did not know was that they were already encircled by heavey armed battalions. When two of their comrades Guish Tsehaie and Berhane Woldu, went to a nearby teashop, they never returned. It was later found out that they were killed by the forces that encircled B149. Tedros said \" they showered us with heavy rains of bullets from all direction\" Those who led the internal opposition ordered the fighters not to shoot back but some disregarded the order and shot back and this gave the survivor a respite to escape..Although many were killed non of the interviewes was able to estimate the number of dead as the survivors fled in different directions[302] The majority of the surviors from B149 retreated to the Eritrean highlands and Tedros Tsegai with eight of his comrades fled toward Gash Barka.. His group was captured on July 11, 1977, by the militiamen and brought to a detention centre where some of the survivors were detained. Just an hour before Tedros and his group arrived at the detention center; Mahmoud Dinai, Mahmoud Amharay and Hussein Kelifa from the military office came with a list and took away 11 individual whom they suspected were ringleaders. All but one Simon who managed to escape handcuffled were subsequently executed gruesomely. According to Tedros Tsegai the 11 fighters who were summarily and cruetlly stabbed to death did not play any leadership role[303] According to Tedros Tsegai, the ELF''s military office seized the opportunity to eliminate as many \"undesirablr element\" as possible before the detainees were handed over to the security office. Salhadin came with a list containing three names including , including Tedros, were about to be taken away for execuation when trucks friom the security office arrived and frustrated the military office's plan.. About 70 fighters were handed over to the security office, which was then headed by Melake Tekle. There were about 800 detainees in the detention centre, the detainees were treated inhumanly in the detention centre. Thet were routinely torured and many suffered disability as a result [303] Six months later, a committee was formed by the leadership to sentence those who were accused of the Falul. Tedros received five years and the others received different punishment some up to eight years. Two were sentenced to death. It is not known who those two were but all interviewees thought that they were Andeab Andemeskel and Gebrebrehan Zere. The seven detainees including Yohannes Asmelash had already served three years indetention and were released immediately. The seven detainees were released when the civil war in progress(1979), and were sent to the front line.. In 1979 a major civil war broke out and Tedros and all the prisoners received amnesty to join the fighting. The ELF which was aleardy weakned by internal feuds could not withstand or resist the coordinated offensive launched against it on two fronts by the EPLF and TPLF. It was therefore thrown in disarry. The Rejectionist Movement was a popular one, but like many other internal oppoisitions in the Eritrean war of independence, there is nothing written about it. Gaim adds that the Rejectionist Movement was an expression of tension that exist between the change seeking forces that joined the ELF in the mid-1970s and the conservative forces that were deeply entrenched in the status quo and consequently were opposed to democratic change, the ELF was loosely organized not by design but inefficiency. The loose form of organization provided an opportunity for different trends and sometimes groups to emerge espousing political lines that were different from or opposed to the party line. Since the early 1970s, there was grass roots movement within the ELF opposed to the civil war. The grass roots movement got a new lease on life after the mid-1970s following the large influx into the ELF of thousands of young educated groups who were in favour of change and unity. Most of the interviwees say that the overwhelming majority of those who actively advocated for change and rejected the mistaken line of the leadership with regard to the third force and its corrupt practices and nepotism were Christian high landers. The military office was dominated by Abdella Idris tribe, the Beni Amer. The Rejectionist Movement, besides being spontaneous, lacked any source of supplies of weapons and other necessary logistics. It therefore faced the same fate as its counterpart in the EPLF, the Menqae. [303] G. Hiwot (2008) also provided a good analysis to the conflicts between the ELF.RC leaders and new comers in the following “Jebha of the seventies was undergoing a huge identity crisis. With tens of thousands of youth from Kebessa flocked to mieda, it had a hard problem absorbing them without simultaneously undergoing a drastic change in its identity. Many of the powerful Jebha leaders, and many of their followers, couldn’t reconcile themselves to this. In 1977 the conflict between those who were seeking greater democracy (the Falul movement) and the ELF leaders who were against change as the EPLF leaders led the ELF leaders to take military action against the Falul. Consequence, some of the newly recruited fighters (Falul ) were also killed by the ELF leaders and others were imprisoned and tortured by the ELF security members. Regarding this Mussie Gebreab who joined the ELF(Jebha) as a teen age in December of 1974 and was a prisoner in 1977 states that , I have seen and experienced much worse than these at the hands of Salih Gadi's( Vaseline) Idol Abdella Idris(Hankish) and co. It takes a book to tell all the untold crimes commuted by Vaseline and his bosses on the Eritrean youth at the Eritrean field, but let me share few of them with you.We demanded to meet with the chairman of the organization Ahmed Naser and they told us Okay but they have to divided the battalion in to two group the one who accepts their explanation and the one who still want to meet Ahmed Naser.Taknicaly the one who support unity dialog with the EPLF in the Eritrean field or the Sabe and Agib group in Sudan. Few month later Abdela Idris ordered to the one who want to meet Ahmed Naser a meeting and to the others sent to to other area to guard us from enemies and we was waiting relaxed for Ahmed Naser to show up to met with us.the next minuet I remember was ranting a hell of bullets and bombs on us from all direction by Abdela Idris special forces. we fought back bravely but no body was ready for these broad day light masker.the majority dead fighting heroically, the few lucky made it all the way to EPLF dejen and join the EPLF to continue the struggle with them, and the rest of us fought back until our last bullet and got captured by Abdela Idris forces. they took us to security, torture and tehadso comp run by Saleh gadi(Vaseline) and co from the Security( enda ztetta) organ run under Melake tekle administration,the most notorious interrogators was Haile Woldeselasie. Zekarias wedi keren, and Saleh Gadi of course no body call him Salh Gadi but Vaseline. Read more Berekhetab Habtemariam in 2010 in his article \"Harmonized Constitution’: Too Good To Be True\" also wrote that... The signing of the Khartoum Accord in September 1975, which contravened resolutions of the Second National Congress (SNC) and was intended to further marginalize and attack the EPLF, caused a series of opposition within the rank and file of the ELF known as the Rejectionist Movement or derogatively as Falul. Contrary to the Second National Congress’s decision of negotiating unity with the field leadership of the EPLF, the ELF leadership signed the Khartoum Accord only with Osman Saleh Sabbe – a self-appointed leader of the foreign delegation of the EPLF – thus completely disregarding EPLF’s field leadership. This was the cause for the Rejectionist Movement and its members felt that peace and unity could not be attained without direct talks with the EPLF field leadership. This was the recommendation of the SNC. Nevertheless, this movement was seen as a Christian-highlanders motivated plot and the ELF leadership resorted to take drastic measures to quell it. According to Dr. Gaim Kibreab most members of the Rejectionist Movement were in Battalions 262 and 149, and in July 8-9, 1977 they were encircled and cruelly massacred. In his ‘Critical Reflections’, Dr. Kibreab records the following testimony from those who escaped this cold-blooded murder of innocent combatants: “All the people I have interviewed argued that the aim of the ELF leaders was not only to defeat the internal opposition, but also to use the opportunity to eliminate groups and individuals whom they regarded as a threat to their power. If the aim was to quell the rebellion, the Front could have captured them easily without the use of force. The fighters in B149 were caught unaware while they stood motionless to observe a minute’s silence. They posed no danger to the leadership or to those who attacked them.” (Kibreab, ‘Critical Reflections’, 2008; p. 303).Read more Furthermore Keshi (2003) states that Seyoum (who became the ELF-RC Chairman after Ahemed Nassir) grew faster through the rank and file of the old ELF than anybody else. He became the mouthpiece of ELF leaders in campaigning against the grassroots movement in 1977 Seyoum was one of the promoters of the infamous political campaign dubbed “HA Hu Bel Falulay” which brought the democratic movement of ELFto a complete collapse in 1977. Alem Tesfay in his paper \"Kab Mezgeb Tarich (page 8)\" in 2004 wrote [Interview with Tesfay Temnewo - Part 36] G. Hiwot (2008) also provided a good analysis to the conflicts between the ELF.RC leaders and new comers in the following “Jebha of the seventies was undergoing a huge identity crisis. With tens of thousands of youth from Kebessa flocked to mieda, it had a hard problem absorbing them without simultaneously undergoing a drastic change in its identity. Many of the powerful Jebha leaders, and many of their followers, couldn’t reconcile themselves to this. In 1977 the conflict between those who were seeking greater democracy (the Falul movement) and the ELF leaders who were against change as the EPLF leaders led the ELF leaders to take military action against the Falul. What is ironically tragic is that all those Falul insurgents who died valiantly in the Massawa front ended up in their executioner’s roaster of martyrs. For all practical purposes, these are the ones of whom we could undoubtedly say, “sighumti tewesidulom”. The way Shaebia handled the Falul crisis comes from the old books of tyrants like Stalin, who got rid of many of those they suspected through a similar process. The Falul group is part of that naïve student generation that, with all optimism and good will, flocked to mieda in a futile search for that elusive “unity”, that common thread that would weave “Eritrean identity”, only to be wiped out by two regressive identities – the sectarian identity of Jebha and the alien identity of Shaebia\"[source: Falul and identity crisis] by Yosief G. Hiwot. According to Killion (1998, 214) In June a Falul splinter group acting largely on its own, assassinated two RC members in Dankel, provoking a purge of the dissidents and the flight of some 2,000 fighters to Ala, from where they joined the EPLF. Furthermore, Mengesteab in his book “Anatomy of an African Tragedy” wrote . When the ELF internally fractured, a group of democratic fighters, numbering around two thousand, broke away from the front in 1977 and tried to create their own liberation space. Pursued by the “mother” front, however, they were unable to establish themselves as a viable and independent force, and they were prompted to join the EPLF. Simple commensense dictates that the EPLF leadership would have integrated these democratic by spreading them around the front’s various entities. Instead, the Isaias leadership deployed them as a group to Massawa front where a fierce battle was raging between the EPLF and the Ethiopian army. Msssawa was wherethe former ELF democratis perished without enough survivors to tell their story. Battle of Massawa, 1977 Massawa Front was where the former ELF democracts perished without enough survivors to tell their story In the 1970s the victms of the ELF leaders were not only Falul but also those fighters who crticize the leadership of the ELF were eliminated under different cover up Yemin, Dugul Yemin, Dugul Falul) by the ELF leaders. Nabira in his paper Where are the Dots to be Connected Here? point out the declaration of war on the alleged Yemanwi kinfi (right wing) in 1978 in Dankalia, in which many unsung patriots such as Omer Suba were killed and liquidated by special ELF units. Referring the ELF liquidation policy in 1970s there is also a report from other source about individual fighters who questioned the ELF leadership’s corruption and division were placed into the security’s hand and interrogated, imprisoned, tortured and killed. Furthermore according to Gaim (2008: 307) the Minifere rebels were not driven by religious fanaticism but rather by ethnic sectarianism. When the leader of the rebellion, Mahomud Hussein, was freed from prison in 1975 and joined the leadership of the ELF, he soon became disillusioned by the manner in which the ELF was led. He was particularly concerned about relegation to the background of the Saho-speaking fighters of the ELF. In his view, although the Saho-speaking fighters represented a considerable proportion of the fighting force and were among the foundating members of the Front, they were allegedly used as cannon fodder. Inorder to dramatize the plight of the Saho fighters the leaders of the group referred to them as debaba al beshirriya (human tanks). The group believed that Barentu was liberated thanks to the heavy sacrifice made by the Saho fighters. The Saho and the other fighters from the rest of Eritrea were allegedly told by the people from the Western lowland. \" gedem adna t'harret, adkum hariru\" (our areas now liberated, liberate your own areas). This is supposed to have infuriated Mahmoud Hussein and a few other Minifere fighters and consequently they decided to \"initiate a secreate organization to take over power and rescue the ELF from the domination of the Beni Amer\" According to his version, the ELF leadership deliberately labeled the group as Islamic fundamentalist inorder to justify its destruction. Among them were those 10 veterans ELF fighters who were killed by the ELF force in a place called Ibbi, Dankalia on 22 May 1978 were : Saed Hussien Ahmed Ibrahim M. Omer M. Suba Omer M.Omer Abdu Idris A. Haji Saleh Ibrahim Mahder M.Shedeli Ismail Adem Ibrahim Al Haj M.Mansur The liquidation of the 10 veterans ELF fighters were confirmed by Ahemed Naser who was the chair man of the ELF at that time in the following We foiled this reactionary project by resolutely liquidating these elements on May 22, 1978. The Eritrean Liberation Army units assigned this duty executed it perfectly.” One of those martyrs was Hussen the founder of the ELF in Cairo with Taha. Ahemed Naser All those killed were from the Saho-speaking Minifere and the chairman of the ELF, Ahmed Nasser, was a Saho-speaking Asaorta, a group of elders and community leaders representing the Minifere issued a scathing condemnation of the Revolutionary Council. Afinger was pointed at the Asaorta, particularly chairman Ahmed Nasser. Although Eritrean civilian elders had often distanced themselves from the misdeeds of the leaderships of the liberation fronts, this was the first time elders claiming to represent a whole tribe condemned the ELF's leadership for a crime committed against a particular social group-the Minifer. Source Gaim 2008 :308} There are many poems about the heroism of the group and about the betray of the ELF leadership. The Saho language is rich in poetry. One of the poems on the group which was composed by the famous Saho poet, the late Haji Saleh Omer Indigo who lived in Saudi Arabia, read as follows Garbad ani alaitme You matured in your mothers' wombs Gombod ani ifarteme You joined the struggle when you were toddlers Sitinat Asmara saiteme You moved to Asmara in the sixties Fishalle Meduwed beiteme You abducted handcuffing officials Mekinon nini abubutieme You chose to serve your country instead of your father Mekinon nini inenuteme You chose to serve your country instead of your mothers Dinti kenina aka bahteme They made you swallow sleeping pills Tenek lo temen abtene You were ten in number Ten sajaak shih abtene But they received you as a thousand Sisayo kini gobon tekeme Your death in their death Sin iro kini wiiteme Your orphaned children were also their children Tenseral Jebha hajemjeme Yourof death means the end the ELF According to the elders concerned, the decision to eliminate the group was moivated by sectarianism. Although this claim is difficult to substantiate, the incident clearly indicated that the ELF leadership was still intolerant and had not yet embraced nonviolent means of conflict resolution.The incident was mentioned by a number of interviwees to show that appearance notwithstanding, the ELF had not changed substantially from the time the breakaway groups abandoned it to create the EPLF [Source Critical refelections:2008 p308] Read more Abdella Idris: The Architect of Violence and Beneficiary of Undemocratic Uprising Keshi(2002) also wrote that the Abdella Idris group, the most powerful and dominant group (also known as the right wing block back then), aborted and branded the reform movement as “anarchy and disorder” or “falul and Keidi Betekh”, and ordered the arrest and disarming of hundreds of Tegadelti. The Labor Party (LP), the main organ of ELF, also gave its green light to squash the movement This is the era where anti-democratic forces took upper hand and teamed up against the forces of change in ELF. This is the era where the right wing snitchers and betrayers flourished in ELF. This is the era where ELF began to become terminally ill. As a result of the ELF purge and liquidation policies the number of RC members declined. According to Nharent. Com, between 1975 and 1982 the number of RC members was affected by martyrdom (5), and suspensions from membership of half a dozen members due to their roles in encouraging extremist tendencies (the so-called ‘Falul/anarchistl’ and ‘yemin/rightist’ movements). Not only that but also the number of fighters also declined. Mengesteab ( 2005, 55) in his book mentions that by the late 1970s the number of ELF forces had dropped to as low as 7,000 while the EPLF could count on 30, 000 highly trained and well-armed liberators. He adds that the EPLF leaders restored the old ELF argument that Eritrea could not support more than one liberation front. This was when they realised that the ELF military was weak, and exploiting the ELF military weakness and internal crises they declared war on the ELF which was one of the worst crime of the EPLF leaders in the history of the armed struggle The defeated of the ELF in 1980 caused for splitting the Fronts into many factions which becomes the main impediment for the formation strong opposition front against the ruling PFDJ. To conclude, despite the ELF leaders crimes’ in the 1960s and 1970s none of these ELF & EPLF fighters who are leaders within the opposition groups have ever come forward to acknowledge their leaders’ crimes or their collabotation with them. It is worthwhile to mention that one of the main problems within the opposition group is that their leaders are not innocent of crime like the PFDJ leaders. The author also appeals to all former members of the ELF who survived the war to tell the public the truth about the ELF leadership’s crimes against innocent fighters. ስዒድ ሑሴን Saed Hussien Mohammed Saed Hussien Mohammed was born in 1935 in the village of Se-ito-lede-gi, between Qohaito and Nebegede. He was recruited to ELF ant the 60s end. His education was at Cairo University and became member of the front in Cairo as a student, being one of the first ones with Idris Awate. Being a mindful and brave man, he recruited many fighters to join the front. To make the Eritrean cause publicized in the world, he became one of the first fedayeens while fighters struggled in the front. He was successful in many deeds and once while trying to hijack an airplane in Asmera, with his comrade Mohammed Birhan they were discovered and caught. High officials like Abey Abebe asked him to work with them and he would be given high position but he refused. He was then sentenced for fifteen years imprisonment and taken to Alem Bekagn prison and was there for 12 years. Then in 1975 he was transferred to Eritrea. That year the ELF freed prisoners in Asmera and Adi Quala.But he was not amongst the freed because he was hospitalized Since he was an important fighter to free, the fighters advanced to the hospital before the Ethiopians and with tactics he was freed and joined the other freed mates. He had contributed to the front and at last was martyred while trying to proceed with his belief. Further information about Saed Hussien Mohammed ስዒድ ሑሴን ድማ፣ ኣብ 1956 ኣብ ውግእ ስወዝ ካናል ኣብ ጎድኒ ሰራዊት ግብጺ ተሰሊፉ ዝተዋግአ፣ ሓደ ካብቶም ኣብ ምምስራት ጀብሃ ዝተዋስኡ ናይ ካይሮ ተማሃራይ ኮይኑ፣ ኣብ 1963 ኣብ መዕርፎ ነፈርቲ ኣስመራ ምስ ገለ ተጋደልቲ ኮይኑ ሓንቲ ስርሒት ክፍጽም ኣብ ዝፈተንሉ ተታሒዙ ዝተኣስረ፣ ድሓር ኣብ 1975 ካብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዝወጸ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ እዩ። ኣብቲ ዝነበረ ሕንፍሽፍሽ እዚኣቶም ምስ ሳበ ብምትሕብባር ካብ ጀብሃ ናይ ምፍላይ ፈተነ ገይሮም ነይሮም። ኣብ ደንከል ሓደ ወተሃደራዊ ጉጅለ ክምስርቱ እውን ፈቲኖም። ኣባል ሰውራዊ ባይቶ ዓሊ ኢሳቕ፣ ምስኦም ከምዘሎ መሲሉ ንተግባሮም ክከታተል ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ ንጀብሃ ምስ ሓበረ ከኣ፣ ኣሃዱታት ተዳልየን ጸኒሐን ደምሲሰንኦም። ገለ ዓቃባውያን መራሕቲ ጀብሃ፣ “እዚ ኣብ ውሽጥና ዘሎ ሓድሽ ሓይሊ ናይ ቀደም ጀብሃ ኣይኮነን። ብኮምኒስት ዝተዓብለለ እዩ። ስለዚ ምስ ሳበ ምምሕዛው ይሓይሽ።Source ካልኣይ ጉባኤ ጀብሃን ውዲታት ዓብደላን Hussein Khalifa was elected to the Revolutionary Council Members at the 2nd ELF Congress in 1975. What are his motives in accusing Issayas for the crimes committed from 1970 and the present but keep silent about all the crimes committed by the ELF from 1965-1981. For example what of the fighters who were killed in Dankalia in 1978, Saed Hussien Mohammed was one of these who became the victim of the ELF in 1978. Wolde Yesus Ammar the leader of the ELF-RC accused Abdella Idris of being sectarian in killing Melka. However Wolde Yesus has never said any thing about liquidation policy of the ELF against Fallul movement in 1977 . This was when Seyoum’ campaiged against the Fallul movement by saying “HA Hu Bel Falulay” through broadcasting over ELF’s radio programme from Omdurman. Why does Wolde Yesus keep silent about the ELF's victims? The former revolutionary leaders and their collaboratos member of EDA and others are not better than the PFDJ leaders in fostering a culture of democracy and dialogue in future Democratic Eritrea. Evidence of similarity between the opposition leader and PFDJ leader ኣቦ መምበር ሰ-ደ-ህ-ኤ ወልደሱስ ዓማር ንሓደ ኣባል ፈጻሚ ኣካል ኣደስኪሉ። ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ :ደርፊ ወልዴሱስ ዓማር ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ፡ወዲ ተላን ሕልማዊ ዓለሙን ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ :ምትፍናን ዓብደላን መሰረታትን ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ፡ ምትፍናን ዓብደላን መልኣከን ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ፡ዋሕዚ ሓድሽ ሓይሊን ስግኣት ዓብደላ እድሪስን ምንቅስቓስ ፋሉልን ናይ ቅንጸላ ስጉምቲን During the liberation struggle many innocent liberation fighters and civilians became victims of the former revolutionary leaders who are currently serving in the Eritrean government or in the Opposition. The opposition leaders are not innocent of crime. They like the PFDJ leaders whom they are accusing of committing crimes against the Eritrean people since 1991. are also guilty. CRIMES COMMITTED AND COLLABORATED BY THE ELF LEADERS ( 1960s & 1970s) Crime committed against civilians by the ELF and EPLF during the armed struggle Let's tell all truth about the crimes committed by the EPLF and ELF to ensure that they never happen again in the future to anyone", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "2db17df472600301e1858351", "source_sha256": "062eba23b58ca36a3db03e20ecc1d2c1202689ce086cef995c1f30c70b69be1f", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-c1222f8d7d7d466b07719524", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/46/1/1/0/1/4/0", "start": 8037, "end": 8162 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/6be466fb696a86446776b0eb92061e226482bd152da82d9c98c3bcb0bb34c9a8.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-e849b8c8dfbcc074e3fbd0d2", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/46/1/1/0/1/6/0", "start": 8179, "end": 8301 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/81540c5599609665ebb69ad86798efc8d93e889b320302c06966b8eb9811c3e1.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-a8f0999a265714c6a1e9c4d4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/46/1/1/0/1/8/0", "start": 8318, "end": 8318 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "-" } ] }, { "id": "b-4cf7c9b90dd27d5a56813de7", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/46/1/1/0/1/8/1/0", "start": 8431, "end": 8557 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/80c9e2e28f95df6efdb640c6da3a068a5f208c2a3c0cd140c007d73e27185063.png", "alt": "", "caption": [], "href": "/documents/586eb6ec5397f098ddf7ae4e/" }, { "id": "b-6528cd62b3da8ddcf3d812f1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/46/1/1/0/1/10/0/1", "start": 8816, "end": 8824 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Read more", "href": "/documents/586eb6ec5397f098ddf7ae4e/" } ] }, { "id": "b-43ee8e3be793b8126353faa5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/46/1/1/0/1/12/0", "start": 8845, "end": 8906 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Purge and Liquidation in the ELF in the 1970s", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " by Resoum Kidane" } ] }, { "id": "b-d1ccf5f424729f87d770700b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/48/0", "start": 8986, "end": 8990 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Although the second Congresswas attended by 949 democratically elected delegates , many new recruits from secondary schools and Santa familia who joined the ELF were not welcome to the elected leaders of the ELF-RC in the mid-1970s. As a result of this there was conflict between new fighters who joined Front with a secular vision and seeking greater democracy, and the" }, { "text": " old ELF leadership", "href": "/documents/42d710f6a61fb8e354795f2a/" }, { "text": "." } ] }, { "id": "b-e995a6b784fd353753991cc7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/50/0", "start": 9571, "end": 9571 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Here is more information " }, { "text": " related to", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " the ELF internal crisis from" }, { "text": " ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ፡ ጉዕዞና ክቐንዕ -", "href": "/documents/07e86f0707915b5fdcc3d05b/" }, { "text": "ካብ 1973 ክሳብ 1975 ዓ.ም. ኣብ ዝነበረ መድረኽ፣ ተጋድሎ ሓርነት ኤርትራ ብሓደስቲ ተጋደልቲ እናተዓብለለ እዩ መጺኡ። እዞም ተጋደልቲ እዚኣቶም ብሓያል ሃገራዊ ስምዒት ንናጽነት ክቃለሱ ዝመጹ፣ ኣብ ዝኾነ ድሑር ፖለቲካ ዘይተመራስሑ ንጹሃት መንእሰያት እዮም። ብዘይካ መስዋእቲ ከፊልካ ናጽነት ኤርትራ ምምጻእ ድማ፣ ካልእ ድጉል ተጻባኢ ዕላማን ድርኺትን ኣይነበሮምን። ይኹን እምበር፣ እዚ ምዕባለታት’ዚ ንዓብደላ እድሪስ ኣይተበርሆን። ካብቲ ድሑርን ወገናዊን ኣጠማምታኡ ዝብገስ፣ ነዞም ሓደስቲ ተጋደልቲ ፍጹም ኣይፈተዎምን። ብዓይኒ ጽልኢን ስግኣትን እዩ ጠሚትዎም። ከም ንኣሽቱ ኣሕዋቱ፣ ከም ወገኑን ጸግዑን ኣይርኣዮምን። ምኽንያቱ፣ እዞም ሓደስቲ ተጋደልቲ መብዛሕትኦም ተማሃሮ እዮም። ብዙሓት ካብኣቶም ድማ ደቂ ከበሳ። ዓብደላ እድሪስ፣ ምምጻእ ናይዚ ሓድሽ ሓይሊ ከቢድ ጥርጣረን ፍርሒን እዩ " }, { "text": "ኣሕዲሩሉ። Read more", "href": "/documents/07e86f0707915b5fdcc3d05b/" } ] }, { "id": "b-dc9d1c274741cc4ab90e98c6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/0", "start": 10734, "end": 10855 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1974 ካልኣዊ ግርጭት ብልዝብ ንምንታይ ዘይፍታሕ? ኢሎም ሕቶ ንዘልዓሉ 47 ተጋደልቲ ደቂ ከበሳ ነበሩ። መልሲ፡ ካብ ደቂ ዓዋተ ዝተዋህበ ካብ ላዕለዋይ መሪሕነት ክቕንጸሉ ኣለዎም፡ እዚኦም “" }, { "text": "ሰውራ ምዳዳ ወይ ጸረ ገድሊ እዮም", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "” ኢልካ ተወሰነ። " }, { "text": "ሕሩይ ተድላ ባይሩ ኣብ ሜዳ ብምንባሩ፡ ታሪኻዊ ዝኾነ ኣብ ሜዳ ኤርትራ ኣኼባ ሮራ መንሳዕ ንክልተ መዓልትን ለይትን ዝወሰድ ኣኼባ እዩ። ንሱ ድማ፡ ነዚ ውሳኔ ነጸጎ፡ “እዚ ብምርሻን ኣይኮነን ዝፍታሕ ኣነ ውን ነዚ ሓሳቦም ይቕበሎየ ኢሉ” ካብ ምርሻን ኣድሓኖም።", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " ስዒቡ ግና ፋሉል ተባሂሎም ንኽጠፍኡ 1977 ፈ" }, { "text": " ረድዎም። read mo", "href": "/documents/a695c72d6a0fece575c84c30/" }, { "text": "re" } ] }, { "id": "b-01ac849190632b53bbcc30a6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/54/0", "start": 11252, "end": 12101 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Gaim(2008: 297 p) states that a small organization known as marksawi gujle (MAGU) (Marxist Group) under the leadership of Hurui Tedla Bairu and Said Saber, was secretly created to provide leadership to the internal opposition, as well as to articulate its demands, but this task proved far beyond its capability and means.(Said Saber later became one of the leaders of the Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement) Notwithstanding the fact that the internal oppositions was disorganized, disarticulated, spontaneous and scattered, the ELF's leadership felt threatened and unleashed a vicious campaign of demonisation and intimidation of the individuals it suspected of being key actors in the movement. In an attempt to discredit the spontaneous internal opposition, the leadership gave the movement a derogatory name \"Falul\" which literally means the unruly." } ] }, { "id": "b-914be28a7059d65d3edddcff", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/56/0", "start": 12110, "end": 13141 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The decision of the RC third regular session was opposed by three groups- a sizeable proportion of the rank and file of the Front, an unknown but substantial number of political cadres and some members of the RC. When the decision to invite the EPLF and the ELF-PLF was taken at the RC's third regular session, some members of the latter opposed the decision, MAGU dispatched its cadres secretly to different battalions and units to provide leadership to the rejectionist Movement, but the iinformation leaked out and ten of the cadres, including Yohannes Asmelash, were caught and detained in a place called Humert Kelbo. Given the seriousness of the case, they were handed over to Abdella Idris, who was at the time head of the Labor Party's Security Department and head of the Front's military office. They were intensively interrogated by Abedella and were later handed over to Melake Tekle, head of the Front's Security Departmrnt. Six cadres from Battalion 149, hereafter B149 were also detained and brought to Humert Kelbo." } ] }, { "id": "b-b00168109f4e7e8050c2cfa7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/58/0", "start": 13150, "end": 13565 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Those who were detained included Yohannes Asmelash, Andeab Gebremeskel(member of the RC), Gebrebrehan Zere, Giorgis Habte,Mezgeb Gebrehiwet, Kifle Asgedom, Asgedom Embaye, Zenna Mengesteab, Hagos Zeru and Mengsteam Mesmer all from MAGU. Another six from Battalion 149 were also detained-Fessehye Tareke Medhanie(Abraraw), and four others the list of the detaines was obtained from Yohannes Asmelash [source Gaim 326]" } ] }, { "id": "b-95c5a5c89702f07bad560a8e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/60/0", "start": 13574, "end": 14408 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The detainees were subjected to inhuman treatment at the head of two notorious tortures-Haile Woldesellassie and his deputy Zekarias. The two also tortureed to death another fighters, Suleiman Dinni. In Yohannes' view the two tortuers, especially Zekaris were most probably sadists and insane. According to Yohannes who was a detainee himself, the detainees were repeatedly tortured throughout the three years he was there. Although the Rejectionists were everywhere they were most heavily concentrated in batalions B262 in Z4 (Senhit) headed by Said Saleh and B149 in the vicinity of Agordat, in which the commander was Mahmoud Dine. This was notwithstanding the fact that Said Saleh and Mahmoud Dinai were strongly opposed to the demands of the Rejectionists, and later played a key role in the suppression of the movement[Gaim p301]" } ] }, { "id": "b-2160eb2c136e5155d681d4d4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/62/0", "start": 14417, "end": 14866 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "When the first commander Mahmout Dinai was on leave, the fighters insisted that their demand for an audience with a representative of the RC should be responded to. The deputy commander who was then in charge told them conceitedly that the decision to allow the armed wing of the ELF-PLF to operate in the liberated areas controlled by B149 was his own decision . His blatant lack of accountability incensed the fighters who detained him as a result." } ] }, { "id": "b-66c65502e51bfb88bb5e8188", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/64/0", "start": 14875, "end": 15841 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Around July 8-9 1977, those in B149 detected unusual movements of heavily armed contigents outside of Tekerer, where they were grounded, they never suspected that the leadership would use force against them. But later the leadership had cut all supplies and the fighters had no food for two days.What the fighters did not know was that they were already encircled by heavey armed battalions. When two of their comrades Guish Tsehaie and Berhane Woldu, went to a nearby teashop, they never returned. It was later found out that they were killed by the forces that encircled B149. Tedros said \" they showered us with heavy rains of bullets from all direction\" Those who led the internal opposition ordered the fighters not to shoot back but some disregarded the order and shot back and this gave the survivor a respite to escape..Although many were killed non of the interviewes was able to estimate the number of dead as the survivors fled in different directions[302]" } ] }, { "id": "b-bf4df78261a0fe3b50500025", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/66/0", "start": 15850, "end": 16582 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The majority of the surviors from B149 retreated to the Eritrean highlands and Tedros Tsegai with eight of his comrades fled toward Gash Barka.. His group was captured on July 11, 1977, by the militiamen and brought to a detention centre where some of the survivors were detained. Just an hour before Tedros and his group arrived at the detention center; Mahmoud Dinai, Mahmoud Amharay and Hussein Kelifa from the military office came with a list and took away 11 individual whom they suspected were ringleaders. All but one Simon who managed to escape handcuffled were subsequently executed gruesomely. According to Tedros Tsegai the 11 fighters who were summarily and cruetlly stabbed to death did not play any leadership role[303]" } ] }, { "id": "b-780833a83f4b94f359c87295", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/68/0", "start": 16591, "end": 18176 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "According to Tedros Tsegai, the ELF''s military office seized the opportunity to eliminate as many \"undesirablr element\" as possible before the detainees were handed over to the security office. Salhadin came with a list containing three names including , including Tedros, were about to be taken away for execuation when trucks friom the security office arrived and frustrated the military office's plan.. About 70 fighters were handed over to the security office, which was then headed by Melake Tekle. There were about 800 detainees in the detention centre, the detainees were treated inhumanly in the detention centre. Thet were routinely torured and many suffered disability as a result [303] Six months later, a committee was formed by the leadership to sentence those who were accused of the Falul. Tedros received five years and the others received different punishment some up to eight years. Two were sentenced to death. It is not known who those two were but all interviewees thought that they were Andeab Andemeskel and Gebrebrehan Zere. The seven detainees including Yohannes Asmelash had already served three years indetention and were released immediately. The seven detainees were released when the civil war in progress(1979), and were sent to the front line.. In 1979 a major civil war broke out and Tedros and all the prisoners received amnesty to join the fighting. The ELF which was aleardy weakned by internal feuds could not withstand or resist the coordinated offensive launched against it on two fronts by the EPLF and TPLF. It was therefore thrown in disarry." } ] }, { "id": "b-1eec322bf549ddfdfa144d88", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/70/0", "start": 18185, "end": 18342 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The Rejectionist Movement was a popular one, but like many other internal oppoisitions in the Eritrean war of independence, there is nothing written about it." } ] }, { "id": "b-0e72c233ad2465920162a8c8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/72/0", "start": 18351, "end": 19160 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Gaim adds that the Rejectionist Movement was an expression of tension that exist between the change seeking forces that joined the ELF in the mid-1970s and the conservative forces that were deeply entrenched in the status quo and consequently were opposed to democratic change, the ELF was loosely organized not by design but inefficiency. The loose form of organization provided an opportunity for different trends and sometimes groups to emerge espousing political lines that were different from or opposed to the party line. Since the early 1970s, there was grass roots movement within the ELF opposed to the civil war. The grass roots movement got a new lease on life after the mid-1970s following the large influx into the ELF of thousands of young educated groups who were in favour of change and unity." } ] }, { "id": "b-595ea889fdd42ae5a32fe361", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/74/0", "start": 19169, "end": 19699 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Most of the interviwees say that the overwhelming majority of those who actively advocated for change and rejected the mistaken line of the leadership with regard to the third force and its corrupt practices and nepotism were Christian high landers. The military office was dominated by Abdella Idris tribe, the Beni Amer. The Rejectionist Movement, besides being spontaneous, lacked any source of supplies of weapons and other necessary logistics. It therefore faced the same fate as its counterpart in the EPLF, the Menqae. [303]" } ] }, { "id": "b-0ec540b7383ba0d253f3979d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/76/0", "start": 19708, "end": 19798 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "G. Hiwot (2008) also provided a good analysis to the conflicts between the " }, { "text": "ELF.RC leaders ", "href": "/documents/753d69cfcec02ae3fb63fcbd/" }, { "text": "and new comers in the following “Jebha of the seventies was undergoing a huge identity crisis. With tens of thousands of youth from Kebessa flocked to mieda, it had a hard problem absorbing them without simultaneously undergoing a drastic change in its identity. Many of the powerful Jebha leaders, and many of their followers, couldn’t reconcile themselves to this. In 1977 the conflict between those who were seeking greater democracy (the Falul movement) and the ELF leaders who were against change as the EPLF leaders led the ELF leaders to take military action " }, { "text": "against the Falul.", "href": "/documents/74cee37c86def987e5437c83/" } ] }, { "id": "b-7d3b87782cc0d8964cf3443d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/78/0", "start": 20677, "end": 22772 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Consequence, some of the newly recruited fighters (Falul ) were also killed by the ELF leaders and others were imprisoned and tortured by the ELF security members. Regarding this Mussie Gebreab who joined the ELF(Jebha) as a teen age in December of 1974 and was a prisoner in 1977 states that , I have seen and experienced much worse than these at the hands of Salih Gadi's( Vaseline) Idol Abdella Idris(Hankish) and co. It takes a book to tell all the untold crimes commuted by Vaseline and his bosses on the Eritrean youth at the Eritrean field, but let me share few of them with you.We demanded to meet with the chairman of the organization Ahmed Naser and they told us Okay but they have to divided the battalion in to two group the one who accepts their explanation and the one who still want to meet Ahmed Naser.Taknicaly the one who support unity dialog with the EPLF in the Eritrean field or the Sabe and Agib group in Sudan. Few month later Abdela Idris ordered to the one who want to meet Ahmed Naser a meeting and to the others sent to to other area to guard us from enemies and we was waiting relaxed for Ahmed Naser to show up to met with us.the next minuet I remember was ranting a hell of bullets and bombs on us from all direction by Abdela Idris special forces. we fought back bravely but no body was ready for these broad day light masker.the majority dead fighting heroically, the few lucky made it all the way to EPLF dejen and join the EPLF to continue the struggle with them, and the rest of us fought back until our last bullet and got captured by Abdela Idris forces. they took us to security, torture and tehadso comp run by Saleh gadi(Vaseline) and co from the Security( enda ztetta) organ run under Melake tekle administration,the most notorious interrogators was Haile Woldeselasie. Zekarias wedi keren, and Saleh Gadi of course no body call him Salh Gadi but Vaseline." }, { "text": " Read more", "href": "/documents/73069979d3fd220d23fa3c89/" } ] }, { "id": "b-bc0afa58f4a0e0d8c37e8d46", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/80/0", "start": 22781, "end": 22827 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Berekhetab Habtemariam in 2010 in his article \"" }, { "text": "Harmonized Constitution’: Too Good To Be True\" also wrote that... ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " The signing of the Khartoum Accord in September 1975, which contravened resolutions of the Second National Congress (SNC) and was intended to further marginalize and attack the EPLF, caused a series of opposition within the rank and file of the ELF known as the Rejectionist Movement or derogatively as Falul. Contrary to the Second National Congress’s decision of negotiating unity with the field leadership of the EPLF, the ELF leadership signed the Khartoum Accord only with Osman Saleh Sabbe – a self-appointed leader of the foreign delegation of the EPLF – thus completely disregarding EPLF’s field leadership. This was the cause for the Rejectionist Movement and its members felt that peace and unity could not be attained without direct talks with the EPLF field leadership. This was the recommendation of the SNC. Nevertheless, this movement was seen as a Christian-highlanders motivated plot and the ELF leadership resorted to take drastic measures to quell it. According to Dr. Gaim Kibreab most members of the Rejectionist Movement were in Battalions 262 and 149, and in July 8-9, 1977 they were encircled and cruelly massacred. In his ‘Critical Reflections’, Dr. Kibreab records the following testimony from those who escaped this cold-blooded murder of innocent combatants:" } ] }, { "id": "b-b43b0ab57457d3c77076237d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/82/0", "start": 24243, "end": 24836 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“All the people I have interviewed argued that the aim of the ELF leaders was not only to defeat the internal opposition, but also to use the opportunity to eliminate groups and individuals whom they regarded as a threat to their power. If the aim was to quell the rebellion, the Front could have captured them easily without the use of force. The fighters in B149 were caught unaware while they stood motionless to observe a minute’s silence. They posed no danger to the leadership or to those who attacked them.” (Kibreab, ‘Critical Reflections’, 2008; p. 303)." }, { "text": "Read more", "href": "/documents/b3dd39c5fa849ddf26d2beee/" } ] }, { "id": "b-0c6b3f68f957f0ebc65b18a7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/84/0", "start": 24970, "end": 25087 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Furthermore Keshi", "href": "/documents/55824cd983f32986d6c9f9a1/" }, { "text": " (2003) states that Seyoum (who became the ELF-RC Chairman after Ahemed Nassir) " }, { "text": "grew faster through the rank and file", "href": "/documents/05ef8e677fd8dfcf47373dd8/" }, { "text": " of the old ELF than anybody else. He became the mouthpiece of ELF leaders in campaigning against the grassroots movement in 1977\n " }, { "text": "Seyoum was one of the promoters of the infamous political campaign dubbed “HA Hu Bel Falulay", "href": "/documents/c09356c5d3440b6064b45e7a/" }, { "text": "” which brought the democratic movement of ELFto a complete collapse in 1977." } ] }, { "id": "b-93ed70f8f335babde6bfda0c", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/86/1/0/1/0", "start": 25830, "end": 25953 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/8a2119dc9a03875ad769c0ed1b603b36c109aa69fe22d4f81fa358727bedb122.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-a88729fc0e7a72078662fb9d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/86/1/0/3/0/0", "start": 25971, "end": 26167 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Alem Tesfay in his paper \"" }, { "text": "Kab Mezgeb Tarich (page 8)", "href": "/documents/6c7ba9efd47d710233398174/" }, { "text": "\" in 2004 wrote [" }, { "text": "Interview with Tesfay Temnewo - Part 36]", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=5tUjiI0rhfU#!" } ] }, { "id": "b-02034f3dbe308fb898197925", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/86/1/0/3/2/0", "start": 26368, "end": 26491 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/5fc8cc727a8b67ece49828d77bb5a6b3e39ba93a760f95d1b2eb95784366dbb1.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-a8e78ec854e1268c294f2311", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/88/0", "start": 26530, "end": 26626 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "G. Hiwot (2008) also provided a good analysis to the conflicts between the " }, { "text": "ELF.RC leaders ", "href": "/documents/753d69cfcec02ae3fb63fcbd/" }, { "text": "and new comers in the following “Jebha of the seventies was undergoing a huge identity crisis. With tens of thousands of youth from Kebessa flocked to mieda, it had a hard problem absorbing them without simultaneously undergoing a drastic change in its identity. Many of the powerful Jebha leaders, and many of their followers, couldn’t reconcile themselves to this. In 1977 the conflict between those who were seeking greater democracy (the Falul movement) and the ELF leaders who were against change as the EPLF leaders led the ELF leaders to take military action " }, { "text": "against the Falul.", "href": "/documents/74cee37c86def987e5437c83/" } ] }, { "id": "b-6d9cc12d4ca368b39d19e25d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/90/0", "start": 27477, "end": 27630 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "What is ironically tragic is that all those Falul insurgents who died valiantly in the Massawa front ended up in their executioner’s " }, { "text": "roaster of martyrs", "href": "/documents/f3eda3a3eefa6ef2ad60d230/" }, { "text": ". For all practical purposes, these are the ones of whom we could undoubtedly say, “sighumti tewesidulom”. The way Shaebia handled the Falul crisis comes from the old books of tyrants like Stalin, who got rid of many of those they suspected through a similar process." } ] }, { "id": "b-caf085cd6364e7ecbaad313a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/92/0", "start": 28076, "end": 28441 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The Falul group is part of that naïve student generation that, with all optimism and good will, flocked to mieda in a futile search for that elusive “unity”, that common thread that would weave “Eritrean identity”, only to be wiped out by two regressive identities – the sectarian identity of Jebha and the alien identity of Shaebia\"[source: " }, { "text": "Falul and identity crisis]", "href": "/documents/755a8f934d314d56b6bb9b59/" }, { "text": " by Yosief G. Hiwot." } ] }, { "id": "b-18a169a5bb3c717a6270eb28", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/94/0", "start": 28611, "end": 28876 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "According to Killion (1998, 214) In June a Falul splinter group acting largely on its own, assassinated two RC members in Dankel, provoking a purge of the dissidents and the flight of some 2,000 fighters to Ala, from where they joined the EPLF." } ] }, { "id": "b-7cdcb09cfdbdfe6c1f2a81ed", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/96/0", "start": 28885, "end": 29651 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Furthermore, Mengesteab in his book “Anatomy of an African Tragedy” wrote . When the ELF internally fractured, a group of democratic fighters, numbering around two thousand, broke away from the front in 1977 and tried to create their own liberation space. Pursued by the “mother” front, however, they were unable to establish themselves as a viable and independent force, and they were prompted to join the EPLF. Simple commensense dictates that the EPLF leadership would have integrated these democratic by spreading them around the front’s various entities. Instead, the Isaias leadership deployed them as a group to Massawa front where a fierce battle was raging between the EPLF and the Ethiopian army. Msssawa was wherethe former ELF democratis perished without enough survivors to tell their story." } ] }, { "id": "b-11518f4d9ec827fd14198471", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/98/1/0/1/0/1/0", "start": 29799, "end": 29923 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/853591851f38a0db3103ccbe9c7bf4327c82efb58689e893605c0f367cc4f75f.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-4364a092fdb4992e96d3996e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/98/1/0/1/0/3/1/0/3/0", "start": 30010, "end": 30143 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Battle of Massawa, 1977", "href": "/documents/932cb64e0927188985ff82d7/" } ] }, { "id": "b-115adc8e8772dfcabe8a0a12", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/98/1/0/1/0/5/0", "start": 30196, "end": 30323 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Massawa Front was where the former ELF democracts\n perished without enough survivors to tell their story" } ] }, { "id": "b-691056681be8dc0aa0c7b463", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/100/0", "start": 30375, "end": 30630 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In the 1970s the victms of the ELF leaders were not only Falul but also those fighters who crticize the leadership of the ELF were eliminated under different cover up Yemin, Dugul Yemin, Dugul Falul) by the ELF leaders." } ] }, { "id": "b-65208c487db24c5ca97f09c8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/100/0", "start": 30375, "end": 30630 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Nabira in his paper " }, { "text": "Where are the Dots to be Connected Here", "href": "/documents/a86172b088c9165fe14c4f42/" }, { "text": "? point out the declaration of war on the alleged Yemanwi kinfi (right wing) in 1978 in Dankalia, in which many unsung patriots such as Omer Suba were killed and liquidated by special ELF units. Referring the ELF liquidation policy in 1970s there is also a report from other source about individual fighters who questioned the ELF leadership’s corruption and division were placed into the security’s hand and interrogated, imprisoned, tortured and killed." } ] }, { "id": "b-7af1d8d9638bde311bca9a09", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/102/0", "start": 31355, "end": 32800 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Furthermore according to Gaim (2008: 307) the Minifere rebels were not driven by religious fanaticism but rather by ethnic sectarianism. When the leader of the rebellion, Mahomud Hussein, was freed from prison in 1975 and joined the leadership of the ELF, he soon became disillusioned by the manner in which the ELF was led. He was particularly concerned about relegation to the background of the Saho-speaking fighters of the ELF. In his view, although the Saho-speaking fighters represented a considerable proportion of the fighting force and were among the foundating members of the Front, they were allegedly used as cannon fodder. Inorder to dramatize the plight of the Saho fighters the leaders of the group referred to them as debaba al beshirriya (human tanks). The group believed that Barentu was liberated thanks to the heavy sacrifice made by the Saho fighters. The Saho and the other fighters from the rest of Eritrea were allegedly told by the people from the Western lowland. \" gedem adna t'harret, adkum hariru\" (our areas now liberated, liberate your own areas). This is supposed to have infuriated Mahmoud Hussein and a few other Minifere fighters and consequently they decided to \"initiate a secreate organization to take over power and rescue the ELF from the domination of the Beni Amer\" According to his version, the ELF leadership deliberately labeled the group as Islamic fundamentalist inorder to justify its destruction." } ] }, { "id": "b-9034ae4ded541be4ea386236", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/102/0", "start": 31355, "end": 32800 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Among them were those 10 veterans ELF fighters who were killed by the ELF force in a place called Ibbi, Dankalia on 22 May 1978 were :" } ] }, { "id": "b-914b934066c112dbdb073f2f", "type": "record-list", "source": { "path": "/104", "start": 32977, "end": 36031 }, "anchors": [], "caption": [], "records": [ { "source": { "path": "/104/1/0", "start": 32994, "end": 34446 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, 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The Eritrean Liberation Army units assigned this duty executed it perfectly.” One of those martyrs was Hussen the founder of the ELF in Cairo with Taha." } ] }, { "id": "b-bf039254ec23699e8c210a2c", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/108/1/1/0/1/0", "start": 36763, "end": 36888 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/81419979aff1858000c501e9649698d5bb3a95a4dd3e1a1cafe5a8c7c299235c.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-6f3b5f8c5949113892200a4f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/108/3/1/0/3/0", "start": 36988, "end": 37111 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ahemed Naser", "href": "/documents/4511b7f197d6cc6984cdb6ff/" } ] }, { "id": "b-debabba87f30ba0469fb5741", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/108/5/0", "start": 37152, "end": 37793 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "All those killed were from the Saho-speaking Minifere and the chairman of the ELF, Ahmed Nasser, was a Saho-speaking Asaorta, a group of elders and community leaders representing the Minifere issued a scathing condemnation of the Revolutionary Council. Afinger was pointed at the Asaorta, particularly chairman Ahmed Nasser. Although Eritrean civilian elders had often distanced themselves from the misdeeds of the leaderships of the liberation fronts, this was the first time elders claiming to represent a whole tribe condemned the ELF's leadership for a crime committed against a particular social group-the Minifer. Source Gaim 2008 :308}" } ] }, { "id": "b-28d7ae6f20c59beb08ae9378", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/108/7/0", "start": 37804, "end": 37933 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/dc42f0a09ca51cd16c4f9c2b814bae1d73b12fcf3f530a3195ea32041f701c73.png", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-d412f993d9212df02e2f59f4", "type": "record-list", "source": { "path": "/110/1", "start": 37961, "end": 41027 }, "anchors": [], "caption": [], "records": [ { "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/0", "start": 37980, "end": 38330 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 2, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/0/1", "start": 37991, "end": 38320 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-b9d82cbf5da35259ce77a015", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/0/1/0/0", "start": 38012, "end": 38309 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "There are many poems about the heroism of the group and about the betray of the ELF leadership. The Saho language is rich in poetry. 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"content": [ { "text": "Mekinon nini abubutieme", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/10/3", "start": 39091, "end": 39183 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-461ee66a98c756e41923da75", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/10/3/0", "start": 39095, "end": 39178 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "You chose to serve your country instead of your father", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/12", "start": 39199, "end": 39381 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/12/1", "start": 39210, "end": 39270 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-5151626db94a53751f4b3443", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/12/1/0", "start": 39214, "end": 39265 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mekinon nini inenuteme", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": 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[], "content": [ { "text": "You were ten in number", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/18", "start": 39712, "end": 39874 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/18/1", "start": 39723, "end": 39783 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-b846b1594ea8ecb90906c99d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/18/1/0", "start": 39727, "end": 39778 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ten sajaak shih abtene", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/18/3", "start": 39791, "end": 39864 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-1d5b978514c3ff598e64f06c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/18/3/0", "start": 39795, "end": 39859 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "But they received you as a thousand", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/20", "start": 39880, "end": 40034 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/20/1", "start": 39891, "end": 39953 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-76661a3e234906b651c85da1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/20/1/0", "start": 39895, "end": 39948 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Sisayo kini gobon tekeme", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/20/3", "start": 39961, "end": 40024 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-abcadacc3361aa112ffe4935", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/20/3/0", "start": 39965, "end": 40019 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Your death in their death", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/22", "start": 40040, "end": 40212 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/22/1", "start": 40051, "end": 40109 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-0e054f4d62a1a9c3d3e589de", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/22/1/0", "start": 40055, "end": 40104 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Sin iro kini wiiteme", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/22/3", "start": 40117, "end": 40202 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-b92d11ef9f6cdaf94bbface3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/22/3/0", "start": 40121, "end": 40197 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Your orphaned children were also their children", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/24", "start": 40218, "end": 40382 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/24/1", "start": 40229, "end": 40291 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-185cd384bdc258a550387e6f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/24/1/0", "start": 40233, "end": 40286 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tenseral Jebha hajemjeme", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/24/3", "start": 40299, "end": 40372 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-dcb502b54cd6e80b34b462b0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/24/3/0", "start": 40303, "end": 40367 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Yourof death means the end the ELF", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/26", "start": 40388, "end": 41008 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 2, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/26/1", "start": 40399, "end": 40998 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-3a0d35d3925b586e5b4b57bc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/110/1/1/26/1/0", "start": 40415, "end": 40975 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "According to the elders concerned, the decision to eliminate the group was moivated by sectarianism. Although this claim is difficult to substantiate, the incident clearly indicated that the ELF leadership was still intolerant and had not yet embraced nonviolent means of conflict resolution.The incident was mentioned by a number of interviwees to show that appearance notwithstanding, the ELF had not changed substantially from the time the breakaway groups abandoned it to create the EPLF [Source Critical refelections:2008 p308]", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-2b6301d5940216342d7de917", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/112/0", "start": 41039, "end": 41165 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/78488e7cfd8e4eccabe3800425a86d71b68d161e55369b71363499fb1fbbe536.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-fd9e14a92a6b22b678f380c4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/113/1/1/0/3/0", "start": 41246, "end": 41353 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Read more", "href": "/documents/8b50577af701fd1258bd9088/" } ] }, { "id": "b-300bc49f15845bfe01f399ef", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/115/1/1/0/1/0", "start": 41438, "end": 41563 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/69b2e808606905914c03a6bc9754a5671707c92a3c452b9fa226782470d8c55b.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-6fb44decc2f4483721f3daf2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/115/3/1/0/3/0", "start": 41664, "end": 41859 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Abdella Idris: The Architect of Violence and Beneficiary of Undemocratic Uprising", "href": "/documents/589b1fef920f91e4303c33af/" } ] }, { "id": "b-3ac79df59c23017be891829c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/117/1/0/1/0/0", "start": 41935, "end": 42044 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Kesh", "href": "/documents/589b1fef920f91e4303c33af/" }, { "text": "i(2002) also wrote that the Abdella Idris group, the most powerful and dominant group (also known as the right wing block back then), aborted and branded the reform movement as “anarchy and disorder” or “falul and Keidi Betekh”, and ordered the arrest and disarming of hundreds of Tegadelti. The Labor Party (LP), the main organ of ELF, also gave its green light to squash the movement" } ] }, { "id": "b-e4aaef4a8834794c6dde4cc7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/117/1/0/1/2/0", "start": 42503, "end": 42786 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "This is the era where anti-democratic forces took upper hand and teamed up against the forces of change in ELF. This is the era where the right wing snitchers and betrayers flourished in ELF. This is the era where ELF began to become terminally ill." } ] }, { "id": "b-6a5f4878e8b8ae99b4b16e75", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/117/1/0/1/4/0", "start": 42800, "end": 42872 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As a result of the ELF purge and liquidation policies " }, { "text": "the number of RC members declined", "href": "/documents/753d69cfcec02ae3fb63fcbd/" }, { "text": ". According to Nharent. Com, between 1975 and 1982 the number of RC members was affected by martyrdom (5), and suspensions from membership of half a dozen members due to their roles in encouraging extremist tendencies (the so-called ‘Falul/anarchistl’ and ‘yemin/rightist’ movements). Not only that but also the number of fighters also declined. Mengesteab ( 2005, 55) in his book mentions that by the late 1970s the number of ELF forces had dropped to as low as 7,000 while the EPLF could count on 30, 000 highly trained and well-armed liberators. He adds that the EPLF leaders restored the old ELF argument that Eritrea could not support more than one liberation front. This was when they realised that the ELF military was weak, and exploiting the ELF military weakness and internal crises they declared war on the ELF which was one of the worst crime of the EPLF leaders in the history of the armed struggle" } ] }, { "id": "b-be288250b5515a819f6511a1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/117/1/0/1/6/0", "start": 44090, "end": 44144 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The defeated of the ELF in 1980 caused for " }, { "text": "splitting the Fronts into many factions ", "href": "http://www.awate.com/portal/content/view/4485/9/" }, { "text": "which becomes the main impediment for the formation strong opposition front against the ruling PFDJ." } ] }, { "id": "b-5ab3ac97dac717c4ec25f66b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/117/1/0/1/8/0", "start": 44447, "end": 44896 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "To conclude, despite the ELF leaders crimes’ in the 1960s and 1970s none of these ELF & EPLF fighters who are leaders within the opposition groups have ever come forward to acknowledge their leaders’ crimes or their collabotation with them. It is worthwhile to mention that one of the main problems within the opposition group is that their leaders are not innocent of crime like the PFDJ leaders. " } ] }, { "id": "b-b5e7e20212f34852562ba03e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/117/1/0/1/8/0", "start": 44447, "end": 44896 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " The author also appeals to all former members of the ELF who survived the war to tell the public the truth about the ELF leadership’s crimes against innocent fighters." } ] }, { "id": "b-f063c6332239fc1aa89eb6eb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/119/0", "start": 45177, "end": 45184 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ስዒድ ሑሴን " }, { "text": "Saed Hussien Mohammed", "href": "/documents/2db17df472600301e1858351/" } ] }, { "id": "b-274618139e0136385986fecd", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/120/0", "start": 45331, "end": 45455 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/6d601679230733f06092adb45eff4492d6a4ed31cac431590159e56969577f88.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-b6eb544f8310f2b459dc80ef", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/121/0", "start": 45463, "end": 46771 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Saed Hussien Mohammed was born in 1935 in the village of Se-ito-lede-gi, between Qohaito and Nebegede. He was recruited to ELF ant the 60s end. His education was at Cairo University and became member of the front in Cairo as a student, being one of the first ones with Idris Awate. Being a mindful and brave man, he recruited many fighters to join the front. To make the Eritrean cause publicized in the world, he became one of the first fedayeens while fighters struggled in the front. He was successful in many deeds and once while trying to hijack an airplane in Asmera, with his comrade Mohammed Birhan they were discovered and caught. High officials like Abey Abebe asked him to work with them and he would be given high position but he refused. He was then sentenced for fifteen years imprisonment and taken to Alem Bekagn prison and was there for 12 years. Then in 1975 he was transferred to Eritrea. That year the ELF freed prisoners in Asmera and Adi Quala.But he was not amongst the freed because he was hospitalized Since he was an important fighter to free, the fighters advanced to the hospital before the Ethiopians and with tactics he was freed and joined the other freed mates. He had contributed to the front and at last was martyred while trying to proceed with his belief." } ] }, { "id": "b-606bde28f12d7131905a9e8b", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/123/0/0", "start": 46786, "end": 46913 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/15c331d251f9086f7f84a9436c3268b1441aa3592a8a11eba605e2199334fe25.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-00237d918fe7ddfe5acd9683", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/125/0", "start": 46929, "end": 46954 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Further information about " }, { "text": "Saed Hussien Mohammed", "href": "/documents/0dfb6a80bf6ed6e59bd6a0fe/" } ] }, { "id": "b-4e4b4dc893742768b456fee0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/127/0", "start": 47105, "end": 47641 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ስዒድ ሑሴን ድማ፣ ኣብ 1956 ኣብ ውግእ ስወዝ ካናል ኣብ ጎድኒ ሰራዊት ግብጺ ተሰሊፉ ዝተዋግአ፣ ሓደ ካብቶም ኣብ ምምስራት ጀብሃ ዝተዋስኡ ናይ ካይሮ ተማሃራይ ኮይኑ፣ ኣብ 1963 ኣብ መዕርፎ ነፈርቲ ኣስመራ ምስ ገለ ተጋደልቲ ኮይኑ ሓንቲ ስርሒት ክፍጽም ኣብ ዝፈተንሉ ተታሒዙ ዝተኣስረ፣ ድሓር ኣብ 1975 ካብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዝወጸ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ እዩ። ኣብቲ ዝነበረ ሕንፍሽፍሽ እዚኣቶም ምስ ሳበ ብምትሕብባር ካብ ጀብሃ ናይ ምፍላይ ፈተነ ገይሮም ነይሮም። ኣብ ደንከል ሓደ ወተሃደራዊ ጉጅለ ክምስርቱ እውን ፈቲኖም። ኣባል ሰውራዊ ባይቶ ዓሊ ኢሳቕ፣ ምስኦም ከምዘሎ መሲሉ ንተግባሮም ክከታተል ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ ንጀብሃ ምስ ሓበረ ከኣ፣ ኣሃዱታት ተዳልየን ጸኒሐን ደምሲሰንኦም። ገለ ዓቃባውያን መራሕቲ ጀብሃ፣ “እዚ ኣብ ውሽጥና ዘሎ ሓድሽ ሓይሊ ናይ ቀደም ጀብሃ ኣይኮነን። ብኮምኒስት ዝተዓብለለ እዩ። ስለዚ ምስ ሳበ ምምሕዛው ይሓይሽ።Source " }, { "text": "ካልኣይ ጉባኤ ጀብሃን ውዲታት ዓብደላን", "href": "/documents/cec0d5c096627bc4d715ee38/" } ] }, { "id": "b-1cd5b936159a010b94196605", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/131/1/0/1/0", "start": 47947, "end": 48074 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/4db313808f748633b0762f1a5175817d1345a04193a1d4f24edcd016e7fd1937.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-de142e6a3351daa8f8fcd68b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/131/1/0/3/0", "start": 48089, "end": 48381 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Hussein Khalifa was elected to the Revolutionary Council Members at the 2nd ELF Congress in 1975. What are his motives in accusing Issayas for the crimes committed from 1970 and the present but keep silent about all the crimes committed by the ELF from 1965-1981. For example " }, { "text": "what of the fighters who were killed in Dankalia in 1978, ", "href": "/documents/0dfb6a80bf6ed6e59bd6a0fe/" }, { "text": "Saed Hussien Mohammed", "href": "/documents/691455404c52fcf886db9b6a/" }, { "text": " was one of these who became the victim of the ELF in 1978." } ] }, { "id": "b-22f5b00fb044af9e0802dc9b", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/131/1/0/5/0", "start": 48800, "end": 48924 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/6d601679230733f06092adb45eff4492d6a4ed31cac431590159e56969577f88.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-d6f7958765036cd7b673465d", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/133/1/0/1/0", "start": 48986, "end": 49121 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/27dc612b6e27d9abc27945e29f858e288b6f404a99f96a525f253ceacd60cc04.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-17a915d348168813381c4084", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/133/1/0/3/0", "start": 49136, "end": 49258 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Wolde Yesus Ammar ", "href": "/documents/a86172b088c9165fe14c4f42/" }, { "text": "the leader of the ELF-RC accused Abdella Idris of being sectarian in killing Melka. However Wolde Yesus has never said any thing about liquidation policy of the ELF against " }, { "text": " Fallul movement in 1977 ", "href": "/documents/b7d93b5799e7925e35b17acd/" }, { "text": " . This was when " }, { "text": "Seyoum’ ", "href": "/documents/55824cd983f32986d6c9f9a1/" }, { "text": "campaiged against " }, { "text": " the Fallul movement by saying “HA Hu Bel Falulay", "href": "/documents/c09356c5d3440b6064b45e7a/" }, { "text": "” through broadcasting over ELF’s radio programme from Omdurman. Why does Wolde Yesus keep silent about the ELF's victims?" } ] }, { "id": "b-ac5a020c46957cec2a7db02c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/135/1/0/1/0/1/0", "start": 50146, "end": 50466 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The former revolutionary leaders and their collaboratos member of EDA and others are not better than the PFDJ leaders in fostering a culture of " }, { "text": " democracy", "href": "/documents/471458c311d7817438b883ad/", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " and dialogue in future Democratic Eritrea. " }, { "text": "\n Evidence of similarity between the opposition leader and PFDJ leader", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "\n " }, { "text": "ኣቦ መምበር ሰ-ደ-ህ-ኤ ወልደሱስ ዓማር ንሓደ ኣባል ፈጻሚ ኣካል ኣደስኪሉ።", "href": "/documents/242fd61d44513b7dc5c68875/" } ] }, { "id": "b-c10686e7ab6de32245c1a220", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/135/1/0/1/0/3/0", "start": 50785, "end": 50943 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ :ደርፊ ወልዴሱስ ዓማር", "href": "/documents/26f21c2e42fbbd963ada6374/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-9a3fda3074745061cd0471a0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/135/1/0/1/0/5/0", "start": 50958, "end": 51118 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ፡ወዲ ተላን ሕልማዊ ዓለሙን", "href": "/documents/ac54696cc8343b5c56f036f7/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-27a40384140ff4ba995e113f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/135/1/0/1/0/7/0", "start": 51133, "end": 51296 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ :ምትፍናን ዓብደላን መሰረታትን", "href": "/documents/cec0d5c096627bc4d715ee38/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-c2d3f4b0ec380a21e91756ba", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/135/1/0/1/0/9/0", "start": 51311, "end": 51473 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ፡ ምትፍናን ዓብደላን መልኣከን", "href": "/documents/aea3b5d8912520a8b0b3bc99/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-976c133a547541b24b7fef74", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/135/1/0/1/0/9/0", "start": 51311, "end": 51473 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ፡ዋሕዚ ሓድሽ ሓይሊን ስግኣት ዓብደላ እድሪስን", "href": "/documents/07e86f0707915b5fdcc3d05b/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-bd9a91096e442fd9e6f626ea", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/135/1/0/1/0/11/0", "start": 51689, "end": 51847 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ምንቅስቓስ ፋሉልን ናይ ቅንጸላ ስጉምቲን", "href": "/documents/cec0d5c096627bc4d715ee38/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-8732d7e57d641f80646c601e", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/137/1/0/1/0", "start": 51926, "end": 52050 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/d2a1f74f38f583492db5d66ecdbd61a1d26d9e2c8ec2377ff35101486dc3cf11.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-bdfbda55440a948bc04edb19", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/137/1/0/3/0/0", "start": 52068, "end": 52437 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "During the liberation struggle many innocent liberation fighters and civilians became victims of the former revolutionary leaders who are currently serving in the Eritrean government or in the Opposition. The opposition leaders are not innocent of crime. They like the PFDJ leaders whom they are accusing of committing crimes against the Eritrean people " }, { "text": "since 1991", "href": "/documents/1b916226a34e23ca163e51ab/" }, { "text": ". are also guilty." } ] }, { "id": "b-92d8ca5e266d4b8437603d0b", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/137/1/0/5/0", "start": 52602, "end": 52730 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/91051ed9a947220b127c94dedc6133739a8fef45e8ba1c1db899c5aa54bf2507.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-9c6f039df057236f6b20888f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/139/0", "start": 52765, "end": 52944 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "CRIMES COMMITTED AND COLLABORATED BY THE ELF LEADERS ( 1960s & 1970s)", "href": "/documents/b800a7f5893111f13f070bdf/" } ] }, { "id": "b-218acbeb6ac0e54e2a7908d6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/143/0", "start": 53091, "end": 53281 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Crime committed against civilians by the ELF and EPLF during the armed struggle", "href": "/documents/158a6cb3d9f34e205f045fa8/" } ] }, { "id": "b-801a77ccf3ac2b65198f586a", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/145/1/1/0/1/0/0", "start": 53335, "end": 53460 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/0f36bf376b06b0883c2949c1f9d932114a5aa072098fc13751d5bc529d83933b.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-939e22d084d327c2aeba1289", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/145/1/1/0/3/0/0", "start": 53489, "end": 53654 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Let's tell all truth about the crimes committed by the EPLF and ELF to ensure that they never happen again in the future to anyone", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ], "anchors": { "apDiv1": "source-apDiv1", "apDiv2": "source-apDiv2", "apDiv3": "source-apDiv3", "apDiv4": "source-apDiv4", "apDiv8": "source-apDiv8", "apDiv9": "source-apDiv9", "apDiv10": "source-apDiv10", "apDiv11": "source-apDiv11", "apDiv13": "source-apDiv13", "apDiv15": "source-apDiv15", "apDiv18": "source-apDiv18", "apDiv5": "source-apDiv5", "apDiv6": "source-apDiv6", "apDiv7": "source-apDiv7", "apDiv12": "source-apDiv12" }, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/0", "start": 0, "end": 160 }, "text": "", "text_sha256": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855", "reason": "Inherited EHREA site header/banner/navigation", "evidence": "Positioned apDiv template wrapper: repeated logo/banner/prison-menu/index/search/date chrome before document content; 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], "pdf": null }, { "id": "doc-2fbb295596576d984279b162", "href": "/testmony-v2/doc-2fbb295596576d984279b162/", "kind": "html", "title": "The role of the Former revolutionary and opposition leaders", "original_title": "The role of the Former revolutionary and opposition leaders", "title_provenance": { "policy": "ehrea-display-titles-v1", "method": "preserved-source-title" }, "editorial_title": false, "title_review_required": false, "alternate_titles": [ "The role of the Former revolutionary and opposition leaders" ], "language": "mixed", "author": null, "byline": "Resoum Kidane", "byline_role": "Compiler", "date": "07/06/10", "metadata_evidence": [ { "field": "credit", "value": "Resoum Kidane", "source_excerpt": " ክውርዚ ዕንቅርቢት ን ተመን ኩሉኻትኩም ሕንዚ የማነ ባሪያ Researched and compiled by Resoum Kidane[07/06/10] Eritrea, a nation in the Horn of Africa, has won the s", "original_sha256": "26068770a0380c04bfd72db61b19d5f62a32c1c959e557fb83a25720fc83166d" }, { "field": "date", "value": "07/06/10", "source_excerpt": " ተመን ኩሉኻትኩም ሕንዚ የማነ ባሪያ Researched and compiled by Resoum Kidane[07/06/10] Eritrea, a nation in the Horn of Africa, has won the struggle f", "original_sha256": "26068770a0380c04bfd72db61b19d5f62a32c1c959e557fb83a25720fc83166d" } ], "text": "Reflections : The role of the Former revolutionary and opposition leaders Let history judge them 1941-2010 ካብ መዝገብ ታሪኽ መን ካብ መን ይሕይሽ አብ ልዕሊ መን ክውርዚ ዕንቅርቢት ን ተመን ኩሉኻትኩም ሕንዚ የማነ ባሪያ Researched and compiled by Resoum Kidane[07/06/10] Eritrea, a nation in the Horn of Africa, has won the struggle for independence on May 24 1991. During the armed struggle for independence, there were numerous evidences that the leadership from ELF and EPLF were persecuting their comrades who attempted to introduce leadership accountability and promote sustainable unity and freedom among the Eritrean people. The recent development of Eritrean people flocking in thousands to neighboring country is putting Ertirea as a sovereign nation at a cross road. The objectives of this compendium are 1) to show that the ego of the armed struggle's leadership has had a cumulatively negative effect on the well being of Eritrean people; and 2) to challenge the young generation to active participate in the current Eritrean socio-political struggle. The EPLF leadership who usurped power from the Eritrean people in 1991 has continued to repress dissent as it had become accustomed to do during the armed struggle. As a result of this legacy immediately after the liberation of Eritrea the General Secretary of the EPLF Issayas Afewerki declared the prohibition of political organization in Eritrea. (diHri hiGi Nai Wedibat Hashewye Yelen. In 2010 he has also affirmed that his government will never promise to create a democratic ground to any political party intending to confront his rule.By and large the Eritrean people have gained their national independence but not their liberty on May 24 1991. In the 1990s and 2000s the Eritrean people became the victim of disappearances, executions, imprisonments and continued to be turned into refugees. Since 1991 there are more than 30, 000 prisoners, more than 100 prisons, the number of people fleeing from the PFDJ repression is increasing from year to year. According to Chatham House report an estimated 1,000 people a month fleeing to Sudan and another 1,800 people to Ethiopia. There is also tight government control over the economy etc. Overall , during the last two decades the younger generations has become the victim of the most executions, imprisonment, etc. They are the victims not only of the PFDJ leadership but also of the leaders of opposition groups. These opposition leaders who inherited their leadership from armed struggle have also contributed to some extent to prolong the life of this dictator regime. Instead of working together for the benefit of the Eritrea people they spend most of their time in condemning rival oppostion leaders, factional in-fighting and mutual recriminations which harm the unity of the Eritrean people's stru ggling against the PFDJ fascistic regime. It weaken the prospects for unity within the opposition camp. For example Seyoum Ogbamichael walking out from the meeting of 5th regular meeting of the Alliance of Eritrean National Forces ENA when Hirui was elected to the position of Secretary General of the ENA in October 2002. This happened at a timet when the Issaya severely restricted freedom of speech and press etc. Such sectarianism was repeated in 2007 when the Eritrean Democratic Alliance (EDA) split into two blocs because of conflict over leadership issues bt etween the bloc led by Hussein Khalifa and the bloc led by Woldeyesus Ammar. This happened when 5,000 Eritreans had fled to Sudan because of repression by the Eritrea government between November and December 2007. If the leaders of oppostion groups are genuinely concerned about the Eritrean people's suffering why do they allow Issayas to stay in power to committed further crimes against the Eritrean people. Dr Salah I. Jimi in his articl EDA Split: Implications for National Unity and Democracy also states that ten years should have been enough for the ELF factions to reinvent themselves and be a credible and an effective opposition group. Today Eritreans would then not be subjected to [1]PFDJ extreme abuses emanating ‘absolute power’ and its attendant arrogance. Since 1991 the oppostion has had more opportunity to resolve their differences and to exploit the rift which occurred between the G15 and Issayas in 2001. But these opposition leaders prioritized their organisational interests rather than liberate the Eritrean people from the ruthless PFDJ. Such factionalism is not new. Wolde Giorgis (1989: 93) recalls that the ELF and EPLF had the power to take Asmara, but at the last minute their mutual hatred proved stronger than their hatred of the Ethiopian army. He adds that, they lost their opportunity because they could not come to an agreement. Subsequently, the number of martyrs among civilians and fighters is estimated to have reached more than a hundred thousands. According Stefanos (2000) and White (2005) the number of people killed during the 30 years of liberation war was estimated around 250, 000. During the 30 years of the armed struggle religion and ethnicity were exploted by the former revolutionary leaders to come to power. And today there are still abuse by the opposition leaders for sake of power causing the outbreak of cyberspace civil war between Muslium and Christian elites at awate.com and other websites. Concerning this, Omar in his interview on Religion and Politics in Eritrea states that the Christian elite misled the grass-roots and mobilized them against the slogan of independence. \"Now the Islamist elite are using and abusing religion to recruit supporters claiming that the regime is sectarian\" He also said that since the dictatorial regime is targeting all Eritreans - Christians, Moslems, young and old, male and female - the response should be equally \"national\"- all sectors and groups, political organizations and civil society groups, intellectuals, religious leaders, journalists and social activists should join together and say NO to the dictatorship - inside and outside--written or verbal. Ibrahim Mohammed Ali in his article response to Sheikh Hamid Turki also states that the other actors and partners of the dictatorial regime in causing and prolonging the suffering of our people and creating unhealthy situation. There are certain opposition groups bent on disrupting the internal unity and social setup of this diverse but one nation by forging their fragmented groupings and promoting division based on religion, language and ethnicity.This polarisation on the basis of religion and ethnicity in the cyberspace started after the EDA's split in two blocs in 2007. It got worse in 2009 with the formation of Eritrean People´s Democratic Party (EPDP) led by Woldeyesus Ammar and Eritrean Solidarity Front (Tadamun or ESF) led by Sheikh Abu Suhail who joined the mujahad in Afghanistan during the Afghan Jihad war against the Soviets ; when Woldeyesus Ammar attended the Brussels Conference 2009 ; and in April 2010 the EPDP led by Woldeyesus Ammar announced its withdrawal from the July National Conference. which is organised by the EDA. The exploitation of religion, mutual distrust and others divisive tipractices are not suddenly appearing, the opposition leaders inherited these from the former revolutionary leaders. Regarding this Alsayed (2009) states that the ELM’s (Harakat) path for liberation and independence was interrupted and later replaced by the ELF whose leaders were arrogant intolerant of differences of opinion and resort to subduing opponents by force. This culture had continued to this day. It is beyond the scope of this discussion to look in-depth on the intolerance, mutual distrust and competition of Political leadership which appeared during the struggle for independent from 1941 and 1991 or from 1991 to present. Generally, the purpose here is to document the history of the Eritrean people's struggle on the 19th anniversary of Eritrea's Independence Day. It is mainly, to draw attention of the younger generation to the impact of disunity and irreconcilability of leadership by looking back the consequences of federation, civil war and rivalry between former revolutionaries during the armed struggle and its legacy in the the opposition groups as manifestation in the preparation for the July 2010 conference. The brief chronological background information which is presented below might be useful for those who wishes to conduct further research on reconciliation. Fact and Evidence Part I: [1941-1952] The struggled for Eritrean independence and role of political leaders Fact and Evidence Part II: [1952-1962] The consequent disunity of political leaders Fact and Evidence Part III: [1953-1959 ] The early development of the Independence struggle Fact and Evidence Part IV: [1960-1965]The formation of the ELF in competion with the ELM Fact and Evidence Part V [1965-1969] Rivalry between the ELF leader Fact and Evidence Part VI: [1970-1982] Rivalry among the factional organisation leaders [ELF, EPLF & others] Fact and Evidence Part VII:[1981-1991 Rivalry among the leaders of oppostion groups Fact and Evidence Part VIII:[1940s-2010 The consequent of rivalry and disunity of political leaders Fact and evidence Part IX Conclusion Forgiven but not forgotten past and present crimes References Fact and evidence Part X:[1981-2011] Eritrean Political leaders for decades in leadership To make it easy for the readers there is hyperlink at the end of each section which might help them to read the content of next section", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "2fbb295596576d984279b162", "source_sha256": "afa5ef178e3da417e5b40ca7d9e5ade3352eac57623ea4a6245608d8a9dbbe47", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-62999f2226305f6bc2dd12c3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/0", "start": 7990, "end": 8003 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Reflections :" } ] }, { "id": "b-bd1ac7400a61f243b620ccc4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/1/0", "start": 8007, "end": 8068 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The role of the Former revolutionary and opposition leaders" } ] }, { "id": "b-d1d7d666b3cb215be022f086", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/2/0", "start": 8076, "end": 8078 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Let history judge them" } ] }, { "id": "b-831f9b6f6b6ab6513de5fa36", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/52/1/3/0", "start": 8129, "end": 8254 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/ca46dda6d83eb1c92cba8e23c6ef7d2c8ead32bb77d8bad3523ab5ed2ae2c61f.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-2367fdf873dd45218fc64482", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/5/0", "start": 8266, "end": 8312 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1941-2010", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-648bbaa1a57c95e63ab87b64", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/6/0", "start": 8322, "end": 8346 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ካብ መዝገብ ታሪኽ" } ] }, { "id": "b-d16369522c88a7cead619e3f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/8/0", "start": 8357, "end": 8586 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "መን ካብ መን ይሕይሽ አብ ልዕሊ መን ክውርዚ\n ዕንቅርቢት ን ተመን ኩሉኻትኩም ሕንዚ \n " }, { "text": "የማነ ባሪያ", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29-zzC4WVcg" } ] }, { "id": "b-5b0f0a449ecf9f019fb187d6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/9/0", "start": 8594, "end": 8656 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Researched and compiled by Resoum Kidane[07/06/10]" } ] }, { "id": "b-00f7e0f6aade7de4f4341669", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/11/1/0", "start": 8676, "end": 9188 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Eritrea, a nation in the Horn of Africa, has won the struggle for independence on May 24 1991. During the armed struggle for independence, there were numerous evidences that the leadership from ELF and EPLF were persecuting their comrades who attempted to introduce leadership accountability and promote sustainable unity and freedom among the Eritrean people. The recent development of Eritrean people flocking in thousands to neighboring country is putting Ertirea as a sovereign nation at a cross road." } ] }, { "id": "b-1d199d2367579d2bac96f1bf", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/11/1/1/0", "start": 9192, "end": 9888 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The objectives of this compendium are 1) to show that the ego of the armed struggle's leadership has had a cumulatively negative effect on the well being of Eritrean people; and 2) to challenge the young generation to active participate in the current Eritrean socio-political struggle. The EPLF leadership who usurped power from the Eritrean people in 1991 has continued to repress dissent as it had become accustomed to do during the armed struggle. As a result of this legacy immediately after the liberation of Eritrea the General Secretary of the EPLF Issayas Afewerki declared the prohibition of political organization in Eritrea. (diHri hiGi Nai Wedibat Hashewye Yelen. In 2010" }, { "text": " he has also affirmed that his government will never promise to create a democratic ground to any political party intending to confront his rule", "href": "/documents/3679270362a8b8183cfbfe7d/" }, { "text": ".By and large the Eritrean people have gained their national independence but not their liberty on May 24 1991. In the 1990s and 2000s the Eritrean people became the victim of disappearances, executions, imprisonments and continued to be turned into refugees. Since 1991 there are " }, { "text": "more than 30, 000 ", "href": "/documents/7d95818b81a0b7597dac74ab/" }, { "text": "prisoners, " }, { "text": "more than 100 prisons", "href": "/documents/6264a74a027525fdfbb585fb/" }, { "text": ", the number of people fleeing from the PFDJ repression is increasing from year to year. According to " }, { "text": "Chatham House report ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " an estimated 1,000 people a month fleeing to Sudan and another " }, { "text": "1,800 people to Ethiopia. ", "href": "http://assenna.com/english/news/2495-eritrean-air-force-unit-escapes-country-" }, { "text": "There is also tight government control over the economy etc." } ] }, { "id": "b-63a5a216d6d526b854f51f7d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/11/1/2/0", "start": 11159, "end": 11723 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Overall , during the last two decades the younger generations has become the victim of the most " }, { "text": "executions", "href": "/documents/397d6441101d7d42dc907da2/" }, { "text": ", " }, { "text": "imprisonment", "href": "/documents/58859faafde85e62a6456c7a/" }, { "text": ", etc. They are the victims not only of the PFDJ leadership but also of the leaders of opposition groups. These opposition leaders who inherited their leadership from armed struggle have also contributed to some extent to " }, { "text": "prolong the life ", "href": "/documents/7dee1c22f0d7ab17556060e3/" }, { "text": "of this dictator regime. Instead of working together for the benefit of the Eritrea people they spend most of their time in condemning rival oppostion leaders, " }, { "text": "factional in-fighting ", "href": "/documents/1efa57b95ed48ca8b71a057c/" }, { "text": "and " }, { "text": "mutual recriminations ", "href": "/documents/5517319b7572c735b609ecf0/" }, { "text": " which harm the unity of the Eritrean people's stru ggling against the PFDJ fascistic regime. It " }, { "text": "weaken the prospects for unity ", "href": "/documents/ca717cb654a5092cdf8cde0d/" }, { "text": "within the opposition camp. For example " }, { "text": "Seyoum Ogbamichael walking ", "href": "/documents/4a77304ee40709847d586824/" }, { "text": "out from the meeting of 5th regular meeting of the Alliance of Eritrean National Forces ENA when Hirui was elected to the position of Secretary General of the ENA in October 2002. This happened at a timet " }, { "text": "when the Issaya severely restricted freedom of speech and press ", "href": "/documents/aff118e64e4134c72ef17353/" }, { "text": "etc. Such sectarianism was repeated in 2007 when the Eritrean Democratic Alliance (EDA) split into two blocs because of conflict over " }, { "text": "leadership issues", "href": "/documents/17163404b546048b664c32c7/" }, { "text": " bt etween the bloc led by Hussein Khalifa and the bloc led by Woldeyesus Ammar. This happened when " }, { "text": " 5,000 Eritreans ", "href": "/documents/651ef9eddb2e6084e1fd41a3/" }, { "text": "had fled to Sudan because of repression by the Eritrea government between November and December 2007. If the leaders of oppostion groups are genuinely concerned about the Eritrean people's suffering why do they allow Issayas to stay in power to committed further crimes against the Eritrean people." } ] }, { "id": "b-72846adb1e750f60494642f9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/11/1/3/0", "start": 14256, "end": 14290 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Dr Salah I. Jimi in his articl " }, { "text": "EDA Split: Implications for National Unity and Democracy", "href": "/documents/c42943754a74d8bc84301005/" }, { "text": " also states that ten years should have been enough for the ELF factions to reinvent themselves and be a credible and an effective opposition group. Today Eritreans would then not be subjected to " }, { "text": "[1]", "href": "http://www.awate.com/portal/content/view/4678/11/" }, { "text": "PFDJ extreme abuses emanating ‘absolute power’ and its attendant arrogance." } ] }, { "id": "b-58971f53842397c3fb915260", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/11/1/4/0", "start": 14906, "end": 16043 }, "anchors": [ "source-_ftnref2" ], "content": [ { "text": "Since 1991 the oppostion has had more opportunity to " }, { "text": " resolve their differences ", "href": "/documents/0043d0c48c23101e19b20259/" }, { "text": "and to exploit the rift which occurred between the G15 and Issayas in 2001. But these " }, { "text": "opposition leaders", "href": "/documents/83a79dabdd194582e49aac9a/" }, { "text": " prioritized their organisational interests rather than liberate the Eritrean people from the ruthless PFDJ. Such factionalism is not new. Wolde Giorgis (1989: 93) recalls that the ELF and EPLF had the power to take Asmara, but at the last minute their mutual hatred proved stronger than their hatred of the Ethiopian army. He adds that, they lost their opportunity because they could not come to an agreement. Subsequently, the number of martyrs among civilians and fighters is estimated to have reached more than a hundred thousands. According Stefanos (2000) and White (2005) the number of people killed during the 30 years of liberation war was estimated around 250, 000." } ] }, { "id": "b-20abce687c13a8ff0e8ec041", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/11/1/5/0", "start": 16056, "end": 16338 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "During the 30 years of the armed struggle religion and" }, { "text": " ethnicity", "href": "/documents/7cbf79d69592a4a1226fa5fb/" }, { "text": " were exploted by the former revolutionary leaders to come to power. And today there are still abuse" }, { "text": " by the opposition leaders for sake of power ", "href": "/documents/45e8aa2557890ced304087fe/" }, { "text": "causing the outbreak of " }, { "text": "cyberspace civil war", "href": "/documents/77a3ce66788fe46ad25f295f/" }, { "text": " between " }, { "text": "Muslium ", "href": "/documents/19dcefaaec4d9c2a2d267c15/" }, { "text": "and " }, { "text": "Christian ", "href": "/documents/0574bcd0945a9b4bfb4600d0/" }, { "text": "elites at " }, { "text": "awate.com ", "href": "/documents/453df4c107764a19c9f1d951/" }, { "text": "and other websites. Concerning this," }, { "text": " Omar", "href": "/documents/b88eee30bf334e14a67b0948/" }, { "text": " in his interview on Religion and Politics in Eritrea states that the Christian elite misled the grass-roots and mobilized them against the slogan of independence. \"Now the Islamist elite are using and abusing religion to recruit supporters claiming that the regime is sectarian\" He also said that since the dictatorial regime is targeting all Eritreans - Christians, Moslems, young and old, male and female - the response should be equally \"national\"- all sectors and groups, political organizations and civil society groups, intellectuals, religious leaders, journalists and social activists " }, { "text": "should join", "href": "/documents/bad39849937f8269657ad49e/" }, { "text": " together and say NO to the dictatorship - inside and outside--written or verbal. " }, { "text": "Ibrahim Mohammed Ali ", "href": "/documents/78b4f834d84a3edcdc019034/" }, { "text": "in his article response to Sheikh Hamid Turki also states that the other actors and partners of the dictatorial regime in causing and prolonging the suffering of our people and creating unhealthy situation. There are certain opposition groups bent on disrupting the internal unity and social setup of this diverse but one nation by forging their fragmented groupings and promoting division based on religion, language and ethnicity.This polarisation on the basis of" }, { "text": " religion", "href": "/documents/126ea20241cada9eeb5b6bde/" }, { "text": " and " }, { "text": "ethnicity ", "href": "/documents/19dcefaaec4d9c2a2d267c15/" }, { "text": "in the " }, { "text": "cyberspace ", "href": "/documents/d79a6783d0ac185b2d003b4e/" }, { "text": "started after the EDA's split in two blocs in 2007. It got worse in 2009 with the formation of " }, { "text": "Eritrean People´s Democratic Party (EPDP) ", "href": "/documents/50732078f63712cd10281549/" }, { "text": " led by Woldeyesus Ammar and " }, { "text": "Eritrean Solidarity Front (", "href": "/documents/9113e07eddc9d078b19e3014/" }, { "text": "Tadamun or ESF", "href": "/documents/9113e07eddc9d078b19e3014/", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": ")", "href": "/documents/9113e07eddc9d078b19e3014/" }, { "text": " led by " }, { "text": "Sheikh Abu Suhail ", "href": "http://www.ctc.usma.edu/aq/pdf/EJIM.pdf" }, { "text": " who joined the mujahad in Afghanistan during the Afghan Jihad war against the Soviets ; when Woldeyesus Ammar attended the " }, { "text": " Brussels Conference 2009", "href": "/documents/8b9c727c4d421fc110e38aec/" }, { "text": " ; and in April 2010 " }, { "text": " the EPDP", "href": "/documents/2b6743c2f461e82e8de1690c/" }, { "text": " led by Woldeyesus Ammar announced its withdrawal from the July " }, { "text": "National Conference", "href": "/documents/e3e496fa54d75d3dbc887593/" }, { "text": ". which is organised by the EDA. The exploitation of religion, mutual distrust and others divisive tipractices are not suddenly appearing, the opposition leaders inherited these from the former revolutionary leaders. Regarding this " }, { "text": "Alsayed (2009)", "href": "/documents/828f56669872f93c362acec1/" }, { "text": " states that the ELM’s " }, { "text": "(Harakat)", "href": "/documents/f94d517a6cc7961343d4e395/" }, { "text": " path for liberation and independence was interrupted and later replaced by the ELF whose leaders were arrogant intolerant of differences of opinion and resort to subduing opponents by force. This culture had continued to this day." } ] }, { "id": "b-67802752586191bbc7ade8a1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/11/1/6/0", "start": 21005, "end": 21198 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "It is beyond the scope of this discussion to look in-depth on the intolerance, mutual distrust and competition of Political leadership which appeared during the struggle for independent from " }, { "text": "1941 and 1991", "href": "/documents/18ab5a4108db94b32492b5e8/" }, { "text": " or from 1991 to present. Generally, the purpose here is to document the history of the Eritrean people's struggle on the 19th anniversary of Eritrea's Independence Day. It is mainly, to draw attention of the younger generation to the impact of disunity and irreconcilability of leadership by looking back the consequences of federation, civil war and rivalry between former revolutionaries during the armed struggle and its legacy in the the opposition groups as manifestation in the preparation for the July 2010 conference." } ] }, { "id": "b-b4fefeb00ebd055459c35275", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/11/1/7/0", "start": 21856, "end": 22026 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The brief chronological background information which is presented below might be useful for those who wishes to conduct further research on reconciliation." } ] }, { "id": "b-5e5d96c845354580eee0c292", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/52/1/13", "start": 22049, "end": 24896 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-34d03ecafa48a7338cc1126d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/13/1/1/0", "start": 22078, "end": 22127 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Fact and Evidence Part I: [1941-1952]" }, { "text": " The struggled for Eritrean independence and role of political leaders", "href": "/documents/8a010cbd35a9c3a47beeb663/" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-37edd8ccfd91a0bd6aef0087", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/13/3/1/0", "start": 22342, "end": 22392 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Fact and Evidence Part II: [1952-1962] " }, { "text": "The consequent disunity of political leaders", "href": "/documents/a6b032389c3c94ceec73c1a2/" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-2b2097738df208af17fb4a41", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/13/4/1/0", "start": 22585, "end": 22637 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Fact and Evidence Part III: [1953-1959 ] " }, { "text": " The early development of the Independence struggle", "href": "/documents/eef4da705655f45e52595507/" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-492d537af92926abd1848df3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/13/6/1/0", "start": 22844, "end": 22894 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Fact and Evidence Part IV: [1960-1965]" }, { "text": "The formation of the ELF in competion with the ELM", "href": "/documents/d11b6a11d59fb0bac5fd3af4/" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-a6963da6b4fc00e3ea25efe2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/13/8/1/0", "start": 23101, "end": 23149 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Fact and Evidence Part V [1965-1969] " }, { "text": "Rivalry between the ELF leader", "href": "/documents/c4d0b9f7668aacfd34248068/" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-23201004f4a5fd5479e699ee", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/13/10/1/0", "start": 23332, "end": 23382 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Fact and Evidence Part VI: [1970-1982] " }, { "text": "Rivalry among the factional organisation leaders [ELF, EPLF & others]", "href": "/documents/634103d4851b9c20b0e531d4/" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-3feed706bc3b431a75fc5b64", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/13/12/1/0", "start": 23610, "end": 23659 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Fact and Evidence Part VII:[1981-1991 " }, { "text": "Rivalry among the leaders of oppostion groups", "href": "/documents/578b9b3d8802519a239cf287/" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-649749e2c3317a6c5b359921", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/13/14/1/0", "start": 23859, "end": 23910 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Fact and Evidence Part VIII:[1940s-2010 " }, { "text": "The consequent of rivalry and disunity of political leaders", "href": "/documents/067f8a49cf22ccef9a4030fc/" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-cef55dfd81dc7fac6147db75", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/13/16/1/0", "start": 24127, "end": 24175 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Fact and evidence Part IX Conclusion" }, { "text": " Forgiven but not forgotten past and present crimes", "href": "/documents/b611cde2e65a6ed5c90fa280/" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-c40b9a96b5292f11774acfd6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/13/18/1/0", "start": 24377, "end": 24484 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "References", "href": "/documents/eb7fd518f4ddea093ca5ff46/" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-b5fb2c97427e9fa9da2ffb1a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/13/20/1/0", "start": 24536, "end": 24585 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Fact and evidence Part X:[1981-2011] " }, { "text": "Eritrean Political leaders for decades in leadership", "href": "/documents/1a906c1f10fa740462582a48/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-9d110b42bcd328e4fcf13e13", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/14", "start": 24897, "end": 24899 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "To make it easy for the readers there is hyperlink at the end of each section which might help them to read the content of next section" } ] } ], "anchors": { 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"author": "Jeremy Clarke", "byline": "Jeremy Clarke", "byline_role": "Author", "date": "01 Apr 2010 10:52:32 GMT", "metadata_evidence": [ { "field": "credit", "value": "Jeremy Clarke", "source_excerpt": "s, blames West * Thousands flee country each year, groups say By Jeremy Clarke ASMARA, April 1 (Reuters) - You can see the wounds on the Eritre", "original_sha256": "9d6abe0630abedc529f9f59842f564c5abfbd8278747403eec3b2dfb56747a77" }, { "field": "date", "value": "01 Apr 2010 10:52:32 GMT", "source_excerpt": "In Eritrea, stories of arrests, crackdowns abound-groups 01 Apr 2010 10:52:32 GMT Source: Reuters * Arrests, torture common in Eritrea, rights gro", "original_sha256": "9d6abe0630abedc529f9f59842f564c5abfbd8278747403eec3b2dfb56747a77" } ], "text": "In Eritrea, stories of arrests, crackdowns abound-groups 01 Apr 2010 10:52:32 GMT Source: Reuters * Arrests, torture common in Eritrea, rights groups say * Eritrea denies illegal detentions, blames West * Thousands flee country each year, groups say By Jeremy Clarke ASMARA, April 1 (Reuters) - You can see the wounds on the Eritrean woman's arms and legs. Torture wounds, she says. She can barely walk without help. \"We spent 23 hours a day in a cell underground. The heat was unbearable,\" she said. \"We were barefoot and made to walk on sharp rocks and thorns for one hour each day. If we did not walk fast enough we were beaten with hard, plastic rods.\" The woman -- who asked not to be named because she said she feared for her life -- is a member of one of Eritrea's banned faiths, made illegal by a decree in 2002 and whose members are routinely arrested, rights groups say, for their beliefs. In Eritrea, stories of arrests or worse are not uncommon, rights groups and diplomats say. Human Rights Watch described Eritrea as \"in shackles\". \"Arbitrary arrests and detention, torture, extrajudicial killings, severe restrictions on freedoms of expression and worship, and forced labour are routine,\" it said. \"In addition to beatings, punishment entailed being hung up by the arms from trees, tied up in the sun in contorted positions for hours or days, and subjected to mock drowning.\" But Asmara fires back at rights groups, saying they are trying to undermine Eritrea's sovereignty, won in 1991 after a brutal 30-year independence war with Ethiopia. President Isaias Afwerki told Reuters last year that all such allegations were malicious fabrications designed to blacken Eritrea's name. [ID:nLL326329] [ID:nLL474000] Eritrea says that nations like the United States should look at their own human rights problems before passing judgement. An Eritrean man who approached Reuters on the street said that he had been picked up by military police -- a common sight on the streets of Asmara -- and held for days. \"It was my fifth arrest for no clear reason. At least, they don't tell you what the reason is,\" he said. \"That's about average for someone my age. Sometimes they lock you up for a few days, sometimes a few weeks. There is no way of knowing.\" TRAFFIC COP \"The more it happens the less wrong it seems. You just accept it. It is like you get pulled over by a traffic cop in your country, you don't think that it is unusual or unacceptable, it is just part of the system, part of the way things work between the government and the people.\" Religious persecution, arbitrary arrests, a muzzled media and mandatory national service sends many young Eritreans fleeing across the border, analysts say. Eritrea generates one of the largest numbers of refugees of any nation not at war, rights groups say. They say tens of thousands flee every year. The entire national football team who fled last year. Isaias has told Reuters that western intelligence agencies were luring Eritrean youth out of the country and that the young Eritreans were only going outside for \"a picnic\". \"It is sometimes very perplexing for me. Why all these lies? Why do you have to go and cook such statistics and make statements about the reality in Eritrea when you don't even know what's going on in this country?\" Isaias said in October. Eritrea says that national service is necessary due to a \"no war, no peace\" situation with neighbouring Ethiopia following the 1998-2000 border war that killed 70,000 people. But diplomats and rights groups say that Asmara uses its dispute with Addis Ababa to keep the nation under tight control. \"On one hand you say, this is my country and I want to stay and help it get better, but on the other hand, I want to be free to think for myself and say what I want and follow my own path ... It is very hard to decide, stay or run,\" the Eritrean said. In one of the world's least developed nations, there are few relief organisations, most have been expelled or left because of restrictions on their work. Eritrea has traditionally shunned aid and assistance, preferring the mantra of self-sufficiency. Now humanitarian agencies are pleading to help. The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation estimated last year that as many as two in every three Eritreans were undernourished. Eritrea's president in an interview with state media has pledged \"no hunger in 2010\" and denied any food shortages. 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Torture wounds, she says. She can barely walk without help. " } ] }, { "id": "b-a1909f9f8d5a9952be535760", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/3/0", "start": 218, "end": 4640 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"We spent 23 hours a day in a cell underground. The heat was unbearable,\" she said. " } ] }, { "id": "b-3170022fda923c1c2a7709dc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/3/0", "start": 218, "end": 4640 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"We were barefoot and made to walk on sharp rocks and thorns for one hour each day. If we did not walk fast enough we were beaten with hard, plastic rods.\" " } ] }, { "id": "b-ecbedc879459c5324a2c5e77", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/3/0", "start": 218, "end": 4640 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The woman -- who asked not to be named because she said she feared for her life -- is a member of one of Eritrea's banned faiths, made illegal by a decree in 2002 and whose members are routinely arrested, rights groups say, for their beliefs. " } ] }, { "id": "b-a8c0c298eb704776752a6632", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/3/0", "start": 218, "end": 4640 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In Eritrea, stories of arrests or worse are not uncommon, rights groups and diplomats say. " } ] }, { "id": "b-e4e935620570a1509236041d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/3/0", "start": 218, "end": 4640 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Human Rights Watch described Eritrea as \"in shackles\". " } ] }, { "id": "b-2f0c3382c800c20f5ec22c72", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/3/0", "start": 218, "end": 4640 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"Arbitrary arrests and detention, torture, extrajudicial killings, severe restrictions on freedoms of expression and worship, and forced labour are routine,\" it said. 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[ID:nLL326329] [ID:nLL474000] " } ] }, { "id": "b-86232f1f9887e003e97f8634", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/3/0", "start": 218, "end": 4640 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Eritrea says that nations like the United States should look at their own human rights problems before passing judgement. " } ] }, { "id": "b-a465a78e523ea4245656e7dc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/3/0", "start": 218, "end": 4640 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "An Eritrean man who approached Reuters on the street said that he had been picked up by military police -- a common sight on the streets of Asmara -- and held for days. " } ] }, { "id": "b-7962ebaa77cb97116a801b22", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/3/0", "start": 218, "end": 4640 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"It was my fifth arrest for no clear reason. At least, they don't tell you what the reason is,\" he said. 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" } ] }, { "id": "b-4ed62c1a83ae1a21aa746258", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/3/0", "start": 218, "end": 4640 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Isaias has told Reuters that western intelligence agencies were luring Eritrean youth out of the country and that the young Eritreans were only going outside for \"a picnic\". " } ] }, { "id": "b-67b18a192af30c2743b9ece1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/3/0", "start": 218, "end": 4640 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"It is sometimes very perplexing for me. Why all these lies? Why do you have to go and cook such statistics and make statements about the reality in Eritrea when you don't even know what's going on in this country?\" Isaias said in October. 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ተሊግቡ ዗ል ቀረባ ወሰናስን ጥራሕ እዩ ዜረኣየካ ። \nስላዙ ካብኡ ንቅድሚት እንታይ ኣል ብርግጽ ንምፍሊጥ ዗ይይካኣሌ እኳ እንተኾነ ገዚውቲ ይኹን ሰብ \n዗ይብለ ባዶ ቦታ ይመስሌ ። ኣብ ማእከሌ ክሌተ ዓይኒ ናይቲ ሞስኮት ዗ሊ ሓንቲ ሓጺን ኣብ መጨረሽታ \nብመጋዜ ሓጺን ዜተጨዯ ዜመስሌ ዗ይተሊገበ ሓዯ ጎኒ ነሩዋ ። ርእስኻ ዗እቱ ክፋት ቦታ ሰውነትካ የውጽእ \nዜብሌ ሓፈሻዊ እምነት ስላ ዜነበረኒ ርእሰይ ኣእቲየ ይፈታትን ነረ ። ብተወሳኺ እንተዲኣ ነታ ሞንጎ ዗ሊ \nሓጺን ክዓጽፋ ክኢሇ ፡ ክሌተ ዓይኒ ብምጽንባረን ስላ ዜገፊሕ ከውጻኣኒ ይኽእሌ ዜብሌ ተስፋ ነሩኒ። \nድሕሪ ገሇ ማዓሌቲታት እቶም ኣብኡ ዜነበርና ኡሱራት ካብ ፎርቶ ናብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማርካቶ ስላ \nዜወሰደና ድማ እቲ ቀዲማይ ፈተነ ናይ ምህዲም ኣብዙ ተቋርጹ ። \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \nኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማርካቶ \n \nኣብ ማርካቶ ካብሉን ኣነን ካሌኦት ኣርባዕተ ሰባት ወሲኾም ኣብ ሓንቲ ዓባይ ካመራ ኣእቲዮሙና ። እዚ \nዓባይ ካመራ (ገዚ) ከምቲ ዜፈሇጥኩዎ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሰምበሌ ከይተሰርሔ ከል ቤት ትምህርቲ ናይ \nኡሱራት ዜነበረት እያ ። ስፍሓታ ካብ ዓሰርተ ኣርባዕተ ሜትሮ ብሽድሽተ መትሮ ዗ይውሕድ እዩ ። ኣብ \nየማናይ ጎና ንምብራቅ ዜጥምት ሓዯ ዓብይ ማዕጾ ናይ ሓጺን ኣሇዋ ። እቶም ምሳና ዜነበሩ ኣርባዕተ ሰባት ፡ \nሓዯ ፍሳሃየ ዜባሃሌ ፖሉስ ዜነበረ ባዓሌ ምራራ ምስ ጀብሃ ትታሓባበር ኣልኻ ተባሂለ ተጠርጥሩ ዜተኣሰረ ፡ \nካሌኣይ ክዲኔ ዜባሃሌ ሽማግላ ዓዱ ናይ ጀብሃ ዜነበረ ወዱ ሽዕብ ሰሇባ ፡ ሳሌሳይ ዑመር ዜባሃሌ ጀብሃ ኢኻ \nተባሂለ ዜተጠርጠረ ወዱ ዓዲርዯ ፡ ራብዓይ ድማ ብተስፋይ ዜፍሇጥ ብንእሽትኡ ኣብ ሑመራ ዜዓበየ ኣብ \nጀብሃ ወጺኡ ምስ ስዉእ ዓብዯሊ ጸጋይ ኣብ ከባቢ ዶብ እትዮጵያ ነሩ ምስ ብረቱ ሃዱሙ ፡ ከምቲ ንሱ \nዜብል ንጸሊኢ ኢደ ክህብ ሑመራ ዜኣተወ ። ንሱ ኢዯይ ክህብ ንኑቅጣ ( መዯበር ፖሉስ) ገጸይ ይኸይድ \nነረ ክብሌ ከል ወታሃዯራት እትዮጵያ ድማ ሕዜናካ ኢና ስላ ዜበለዎ ዜተኣስረ እዩ ። ኣነ ወዱ ጎንዯር እየ \nሽመይ ድማ ተስፋይ እዩ ይብሌ ነሩ ። ወዱ ጎንዯር እየ ስላ ዜበልም ድማ ሻምበሌ ቦልው ባዕለ ወዱ ጎንዯር \nስላ ዜኾነ ይመስሇኒ ሽምና ኣባሊሽኻና ኢለ “ የት ኣባትህ ጉንድር በሌ “ እለ ይጸርፎ ነሩ ። ናዓና ኤርትራዊ \nወዱ ባርካ ምዃኑ ይሓብኣሌና እኳ እንተ዗ይነበረ እንታይነቱ ብሙለኡ ይገሌጸሌና ኣይነበረን ። ዲሓር \nከምዜፈሇጥናዮ ግን ብንሽትኡ ብገሇ ዓመጽቲ ተወሲደ ኣብ ከባቢ ሑመራ ዜዓበየ እዩ ። \nኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሓዯ ማዓሌቲ ዲርጋ ወርሒ ኮይኑ ይስማዓካ ፡ ነፍስኻ እንተ ዗ይኣዲዓዕስካ ትጭነቅ ፡ \nዓቅሉኻ ይጸበካ ፡ ሇይቲን ማዓሌትን ንኡሱር ዲርጋ ሓዯ እዩ ። ኩለ ግዛ ብየማነ ጸጋም ብዜተወሰነ መንዯቅ \nወይ ነገር ተኸብብካ ስላ እትነብር ካብዙ ሓጹር ሙውጻእ እቲ ዜዓበየ ትምኒት እዩ ። ብፍሊይ ከምዙ ናትና \nካብኡ ዜኸፈኤ ከም ዗ል ፍለጥ እኳ እንተኾነ ፡ መንጸፍካ ቶንኮቦት፡ ዗ሙቀካ ክዲን ዗ይብሌካ ፡ ሇይቲን \nማዓሌቲን ብግዛ ብሌዒ ይኹን ድቃስ ኣእዲውካ ብቀይዱ ሓጺን ክእሰር ከል ቀጻሉ ስቅያት እዩ። \n\nኣብ ከምዙ ዜኣምሰሇ ናይ ጭንቀት ኩነታት ካብቲ ዗ልኻዮ ኩነታት ናብ ካሌእ ከም እተድህብ ዜገብረካ \nዕሊሌ ፡ ትሰምዖ ዚንታታት እንታይነቱ ብ዗ይየግድስ ብዘሕ እዩ ዜስሕበካ ፡ ክትሰምዖ ትህንጦ ። ሕሌሚ \nምርኣይ ድማ ዜመስል የልን። ምኽንያቱ ምስቲ ብነጻ ትሪኦ ወይ ትኸዶ ዜነበርካ ባህሪያዊ ፍጥረታትን ካሌእ \nነገራት ስላ ዗ራኽበካ ፡ ዋሊ እኳ ዯቂስካ ጸኒሕካ ብር ምስ በሌካ ዜበንን ነገር እንተኾነ ፡ ንግዛኡ ንሓንጎሌካ \nየሕድሶ እዩ ። ይኹን እምበር ከምቲ ከይዯቀስካ እተሓሌሞ ሕሌሚ ኣይኮነን ። ማሇት ምስ ዯቀስካ ዜመጸካ \nሕሌሚ ከምድሊይካ ስላ ዗ይኮነ ፡ ሕማቅ ፡ ኣጨናቂ ዜኾነ ፡ ድቃስ ዗ጽሇኣካ ሕሌሚታት እውን ኣል ። \nስላዙ ጽቡቅ ሕሌሚታት ክታሓሉም ኢኻ ትምኔ ። ዋሊ እውን ድምጺ ናይታ ዗ይትራኣየካ ነፋሪት ክትሰምዕ \nከልኻ ፡ ድምጺ ሬድዮ ፡ ናይ እንስሳ ድምጺ ናይቲ ካብቲ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ወጻኢ እትሰምዖ ኩለ ካብቲ \n዗ልኻዮ ዜተልከተ ሓጹር ስላ ዗ውጻኣካ ፍለይ ስሚዒት ይበካ ። \n ተስፋይ ድማ ብዘሕ ነገራት የዕሌሇና ስላ ዜነበረ ብዘሕ የፍኩሰሌና ነሩ ። ካብሉ እውን ብፍሊይ ናዓይ፡ \nኣነ ብዘሕ ይሓቶ ስላ ዜነበርኩ ብዘሕ መሳጢ ዜኾነ ናይ ተጋዯሌቲ ዚንታታትን ካሌእ ዜተፈሊሇየ ባህሊዊ \nግጥሚታትን የ዗ንትወሇይ ነሩ ። ገሇ ካብቲ ሽዑ ኣጽንዔዮ ዗ይረሳዕኩዎ ግጥሚታት ብቋንቋ ትግረ ኣብ \nመዯምዯምታ ክጠቅሶ እየ ። ኣነ እውን ገሇ ይድርቢ ነረ እየ። \n ተስፋይ መብዚሕትኡ ዕሊለ ናይ ዓመጽን ስርቂን ዚንታታት ነሩ ። ገሇ ካብቲ ዕሊሊቱ ኣብ ሱዲን ናይ \nመንግስቲ ኣግማሌ ክበሌዓ ክሇቁወን ከልዉ ሌክዕ ከምቲ ኣብ ኢድ ካብሉን ኢዯይን ዜነበራ ዓብይ ፍለይ \nንኣግማሌ ዜተሰርሔ ቀይዱ ኣብ ክሌተ ኣእዲወን ኣሲሮም ከምዜሇቁወን ይነግረና ነሩ ። ሽም ናይዙ ፈሮ ወይ \nቀይዱ ድማ ፈሮ እንጊሇ዗ እዩ ። ብቋንቋ ኢጣሌኛ ናይ እንግሉዜ ፈሮ ወይ ቀይዱ ማሇት እዩ ። እቶም \nኣግማሌ ዜሰርቁ ሰባት ነቲ ቀይዱ ናይ ኣግማሌ ንምፍታሕ ተሪር ፈትሉ ኣዲሉዮም ፊሒሶም ዓይኒ ይገብሩለ \nእሞ ኣብታ መፍትሕ ዜኣትዎ ኣብ ጎኒ ዗ል ኖዃሌ ኣእቲዮም ነታ ዓይኒ ኣብ ሌዕሉ እቲ ከም ሰጋጥ ዜሰሪሕ \nኣብ ማእከሌ ናይቲ ኖኻሌ ዗ል ሓጺን ፡ ጠምጥሞም ሸጥ ኣቢልም ይስሕቡዎ እሞ ንድሕሪት ክሳሓብ ከል \nእተን ክሌተ ዜተሊገባ ክፋሊት ናይቲ ፈሮ ይኽፈታ እሞ ነተን ኣግማሌ ይወስደወን ይብሇና ነሩ ። እዙ ነገር \nናዓና ብዚዕባ እተን ኣብ ኣእዲውና ሇይቲን ማዓሌቲን ዗ልዋ ዗ሳቀያና ፈሮታት ንምኽፋት ከም እንሓስብ ስላ \nዜገበረና ኣዙዩ ጠቃሚ ነሩ ። ካሌእ ናይ ማእሰርቲን ኣብያተ ፍርዱን ተሞክሮ ስላ ዗ልዎ ድማ ፡ ቅድሚ ቤት \nፍርዱ ኣብ ኣስከባር ሕጊ ከቅረቡኻ ከልዉ ነቲ ቃሌካ ምስ ወሰደ ዜኣመንካለ ገበን ፡ ኣነ ምስ ተሳቀኹ ምስ \nተሃረምኩ ብ዗ይድሌየተይ ተገዱዯ ዜበሌኩዎ እዩ ኢሌካ፡ ዗ልካ በሰሊ፡ ቁስሉ ፡ ስምብራት ኣርኢኻ ፡ \nኣይዋዓሌኩዎን እሌካ ምክሓደ ይካኣሌ ይብሇና ነሩ ። እዙ እውን ኣብ ሕጊ ዗ልዎ ሃገር ዓማጺ ስርዓት ነቲ \nሕጊ ምጥሓስ ኣብ ኢዶም ዗ል ነገር እኳ እንተኾነ ሓዯሓዯ ግዛ ሙለእ ብሙለእ ስላ ዗ይየፍርስዎ ንጹህ \nእንተኾይንካ ብገሇ ጎኒታቱ ጠቃሚ ዜኾነለ እዋን ኣል ። ኣነ ንምሳላ ኩለ መርመራታት ተወዱኡ ጠጠው \nምስ በሇ ፡ ሻምበሌ በሇጠ ካብ ተማሃራይ ከልኹ ጀሚሩ ነዊሕ ግዛ ዜወሰዯ ቃሌ ወስደሇይ ክታመይ እውን \nኣስፍረለ ። ንሰምበሌ ይኹን ናብ ካሌእ ከሕሌፉኒ ወይ ኣብ ቤት ፍርዱ ከቅርቡኒ ምስ ሓሰቡ ይመስሇኒ ፡ \nመጀመሪያ ኣብቲ ንጎዲይፍ ገጽካ ትኸዯለ መገዱ ዯቡባዊ ወገን ናይ ግቢ ዜነበረ ፈዯራሌ ቤት ፍርዱ ዜባሃሌ \n(ኣስከባር ሕጊ) ዜርከቦ ኣብያተ ጽሕፈታት ይመስሇኒ ምስ ቃሇይ ወስዶሙኒ ። ኣብኡ ክወስደኒ ምስ \nዯሇዩ “ እንተዲኣ እዙ ቃሇይ ኣይኮነን ዜብሌ ዗ረባ ኣውጽእካ ከምብሓድሽ ኣብ መርመራ ክትምሇስ እኻ “ \nኢልም ድማ ኣጠንቅቆሙኒ እዮም ። ኣነ ድማ ነቲ ምዕዶ ናይ ተስፋይ ዗ኪረ ኣብ ቤት ፍርዱ እንተቀረብኩ \nክጠቅመኒ እሇ ፡ እዙ ቃሌካ ድዩ ምስ በሇኒ ፡ ኣነ ቃሌካ እንተቀይርካ ኣብ መርመራ ክንመሌሰካ ኢና ስላ \nዜበለኒ ኣይቃሇይን ክብሌ ኣይክእሌን እሇዮ ። እንታይ ከም ዜጻሓፈ ኣይፈሌጥን ዲኣምበር ይጽሕፍ ነሩ ። \nካብኡ ንቤት ማእሰርቲ መሉሶሙኒ ክሳብ ንወጽእ ድማ ኣብቲ ማርካቶ ነርና ። \nከምቲ ዜበሌኩዎ ንሕጊ ይገዜኡዎ ዲኣምበር ሕጊ ስላ ዗ይገዜኦም ከምድሊዮም ክፈርደኻ ይኽእለ እዮም ። \nኣብ ዓይኖም ንስኻ ሽፍታ ካሓዱ ዲኣምበር ፡ ናጽነት ፡ መሰሌ ዜሓቲት ሰብ ፡ ተጋዲሊይ ኣይኮንካን ። እቲ \n዗ገርም ግን ዜገበሩዎ ሕጊ ስላ዗ልዎም ሕጊ ዜባሃሌ ዋሊ ብሙለኡ እንተ዗ይኣኽበሩዎ ከምዜፈርሁዎ ኣብ \nሓንጎልም ገሇ ተጸዕኖ ከምዜገብረልም ይራኣየካ ። በዙ ኣጋጣሚ ካብ ማእሰርቲ ድሕሪ ሙውጻኤይ \nብ1983 ብጊዛ ኑመሪ ኣብ ሱዲን ከሰሊ ብጾት ባዓሌ ስዉእ ዓብዲሊ ዑመር ናስር ፡ እብራሂም ሙሓመድ ዓሉ \n፡ ሙሓመድ ኑር ዓብደ ካሕሳይ፡ መግስትኣብ ኣስመሮም፡ ራማዲን ሳሌሕ ፡ ተኽላ ማሊኪን ፡ ወሌዯ የሱስ \nዓማር፡ ብርሃነ ተወሌዯመድህን ፡ ኣማንኤሌ ሃብተን (መንግስቱ) ብጸጥታ ሱዲን ዜተታሕዘለ እዋን \nተመሳሳሉ ነገር ኣጋጥሙኒ ። ንሱ ድማ እቶም ጸጥታ ንጎሆ ጻሓይ ከይበረቀት ንስዉእ ዓብዯሊ ዑመር ናስር \nክኣስሩ ኣብቲ ዜነበሮ ገዚ ኣብ ከሰሊ ምስ መጹ ምስኦም ካብ ጎዯና ክሌተ ሰባት ኣምጽኦም ኣብቲ ውሽጢ ገዚ \nኣእቲዮም ነቲ ገዚዊቲ ፈቲሾምዎ ። ገሇ ናይ ጀብሃ ሰነዲት ዜነበሮ ሻንጣታት ተማሌኦም ንዓብዯሊ ጥራሕ \nወስዶምዎ ድማ ከደ ። ኣነ ሽዑ ኣብቲ ገዚ ምስኡ ነረ ። እቶም ክሌተ ካብ ጎዯና ዗ምጽኡዎም ሰባት እቲ ሓዯ \nመስተ ዗ልዎ ከባቢ ሓዱሩ ሰንከሌከሌ እንዲበሇ ንጎሆ ንጎሆ በቲ ጎዯናታት ክሓሌፍ ዜረኤ እዩ ።እቲ ካሌኣዩ \nድማ ኣብቲ ከባቢና ዜነበረ ሓንጎለ ጥዑይ ዗ይኮነ ሰብ እዩ ። ኣነ ነዝም ሰባት ንምንታይ ኮን ኣምጽኦምዎም \nይብሌ ነረ ። ዲሓር ከምዜተሓበርኩ እንተኾይኑ ግን ኣብቲ ሕጊታቶም ገዚ ናይ ሓዯ ሰብ ክፍተሽ ከል ገሇ \nሕጋዊ ዗ይኮነ ነገራት ምስ ዜርከብ እቲ ባዓሌ ገዚ ኣብ ቤት ፍርዱ ምስ ቀረበ ፡ እዙ ነገር ኣብ ገዚይ \nኣይተረኽበን ኢለ ከይክሕድ ክትፍትሽ ከልኻ እቲ ዜተረኽበ ነገራት ኣብ ገዚ ናይቲ ዜተፈተሸ ሰብ ዜተረኽበ \nምዃኑ ዜምስክሩ ክህለዉ ኣሇዎም ስላ ዜብሌ እዩ ኢልሙኒ ። እሞ ብፍሊይ ነቲ ሰኽራም ካሌእ ጊዜያት \nንጎሆ ንጎሆ ክሪኦ ከልኹ ሳሓቅ ይመጸኒ ነሩ ። ምኽንያቱ እዝም ሰባት ሕጊ ንይምሰሌ ከማሌኡ ዲኣምበር ናይ \nብሓቂ ናይ ሕጊ ኣኽብሮት ከም዗ይብልም ይራኣየካ ። ይኹን እምበር ዋሊ ሓቐኛ እምነት ኣይይኹን ፡ ሕጊ \nዜባሃሌ ክኸብር ዜግብኦ ነገር ከም዗ል ኣብ ሓንጎልም ዜተሰርጸ ሰባት እዮም ይመስሇኒ ። ስላዙ ዋሊ ሙለእ \nኣይዩኹን ምስዙኣቶም እንተዋሓዯ ሞትካን ህሊወኻን ዜፍሇጠለ እዋን ስላ዗ል ፡ ከምርእይቶይ ካብቶም \nዋሊ ንይምሰሌ ሕጊ ይኹን ኣስከባር ሕጊ ወይ ቤት ፍርዱ ዗ይፈሌጡ ከም ኣራዊት ዊን ዜበልም ዜገብሩ ሽሕ \nግዛ ይሕሹ ክባሃሌ ይካኣሌ። \nማርካቶ ኣብታ ዜኣቶናያ ገዚ ከልና ገሇ ናይ መንግስቲ ኣካሊት ፡ ፖሉስ ፡ ባሕረኛ ዗ልዉዎ ፡ ካብ ጀብሃ \nዜተታሕ዗ ኣል ምስ ተባህሇ ናዓይ ክሪኡ ዜመጹ ነሮም ። ማዕጾ ተኸፊቱልም ኣብታ ገዚ እቱው ምስ በለ ፡ \nንኣብነት ሓዯ ባሕረኛ ሞኮነን ኣብኡ ዜነበርና ምስ ራኣየ ፡ ኣነ ብዕድመ ይኹን ብጉሌበት ዜናኣሰ ስላ \nዜነበርኩ የሄ ነው የሄ ነው ? እንዲበሇ ናብቶም ገ዗ፍቲ የመሌክት ነሩ እሞ ፡ ኣይኮነን እዙ እዩ ኢልም ናባይ \nከመሌክቱ ከልዉ “ኤረ ኤረ ትንሽ ሌጅ ነው እባክህ” ይብሌ እሞ ናዓ ኢልም ጸዊዖሙኒ ምስ ቀረብኩዎ \nንእሽቶ 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null, "byline": null, "byline_role": null, "date": null, "metadata_evidence": [], "text": "Extract from Report on the State of human rights in Eritrea 2005 source: SUWERA CENTER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Situation in prisons and types of torture There are hundreds of prisons throughout Eritrea. In addition to the known prisons in police centers that are administered by Prison Department and those in army camps, there are a large number of secret prisons. Nekhra's prisons in Dahalak Island, Mai Sroa prison in Asmara suburbs and Ed Omer prison in Baraka-El Gash region are the worst and cruelest prisons in the country. In all the Eritrean prisons, there are vaults for political detainees for whom the authorities do not allow visits. Also, these vaults are used to punish other prisoners who disobey the authorities. There are open-space-prisons like prisons in army camps in Adi Abito near to Asmara, in Barnto and other places. There are prisons where containers are used as cells in Assab and Sawa camp, west of the country. More than 50 persons are put in one container and the prisoners must sleep in rotation. The detainees are not allowed to shower in prisons except once per week. In open-space-prisons, the prisoners take their bath in stagnant pools and whoever misses his turn for any reason he must wait until the next week. Prisoners are not allowed to use the bathroom except once per day which makes some prisoners use cans for urinating. Not showering and urinating inside cells cause the spread of lice among the detainees. In most prisons, there are no physicians and patients must be transferred to far-away places for medication. Because of malnutrition (a prisoner is given a loaf of bread and cup of tea two times per day), many prisoners arrive hospitals in a deteriorated condition and most patients who come from these prisons die. Prisoners in Nekhra prison, the exiled and those accused of not performing the national service, are forced to work for the Eritrean Naval Forces without wearing shoes in high temperatures. Some prisoners who were expelled from Malta were afflicted with paralysis and relatives had to carry them when they were released. Most of the detainees got skin diseases and alopecia. Some Army generals force prisoners to work in their own farms or building their houses without payment. A former prisoner, Tsfai Tsfadhin, in a statement to Swuera Center said that during his detention he worked in a farm owned by a general in the army called Wody Gelta. Tsfai spent most of his prison duration in a cell underground in a place close to Barnto city. The prisoners are exposed to various types of torture including standing under the sun until they went unconscious, beating with sticks, binding hands and legs in a figure-eight shape, binding in a way called \"helicopter\", and binding with trees. Lesan Eldin El Khatib is a Sudanese national who had been detained from 4/12/2002 to 14/10/2004 without any accusation presented against him. He spent his detention in Wengl Marmara prison in Asmara. In his first days of detention, he was put in a cell underground and he did not know the day and the night until a small lamp was turned on. In his first day he heard voice of a woman screaming as she was beaten in the next door cell. He had been hearing that screaming for all the days he spent in the cell. Punishment of beating and other types of torture is extensively used in the Eritrean prisons, especially to extract confessions of the prisoners. In a statement to Swuera Center, a Sudanese detainee, journalist Amir Babkir Abd Allah, said he was detained in Asmara on 1/4/2004 and transferred to the Headquarters of Eritrean Borders Forces in Asmara. He spent 24 hours in their office, his hands were bound to a chair and then he was transferred to Truck B prison in Asmara. He was put in a truck with another 150 Eritrean detainees and then they were transferred to the west of the country on 2/4/2004. Some prisoners were sent to prisons of Hicota, Sawa and Kiro. The truck arrived to the last destination the following day to a prison called Adr Sar close to Germaiaka administered by the Eritrean Intelligence. In this prison there are 50 detainees. Adr Sar prison was built underground and only the administrative offices can be seen. There are three rooms in the prison, the largest one is 12*4 meters square and the other two are 9*4 meters square. In addition, there are 12 cells for women; the largest one is 2*2 meter square. Amir said that he was one of 90 detainees who shared a cell of 9*4 meter square. The detainees were forced to work in prison, breaking stones from hills that surround the prison in the hottest times of the day and they were fed with dry bread and hot water. There are reports about rape cases especially in Wengl Marmara prison in Asmara where officers summon the detained women to assault them sexually at night. This prison is supposed to be only for interrogation.", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "342401d933999e266f649785", "source_sha256": "f8977e9c56426e82be30f71510c50467ebcbdc101da1946136c4fa4fa430badc", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-fdfd6241fd46cf98841eebf3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/0", "start": 3, "end": 105 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Extract from Report on the State of human rights in Eritrea 2005 source: SUWERA CENTER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS" } ] }, { "id": "b-0fc0e396fdeed83b7e04cb39", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/0/0", "start": 117, "end": 157 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Situation in prisons and types of torture", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-2c78d5549136d45decec0103", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/3/0", "start": 170, "end": 1786 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "There are hundreds of prisons throughout Eritrea. In addition to the known prisons in police centers that are administered by Prison Department and those in army camps, there are a large number of secret prisons. Nekhra's prisons in Dahalak Island, Mai Sroa prison in Asmara suburbs and Ed Omer prison in Baraka-El Gash region are the worst and cruelest prisons in the country. In all the Eritrean prisons, there are vaults for political detainees for whom the authorities do not allow visits. Also, these vaults are used to punish other prisoners who disobey the authorities. There are open-space-prisons like prisons in army camps in Adi Abito near to Asmara, in Barnto and other places. There are prisons where containers are used as cells in Assab and Sawa camp, west of the country. More than 50 persons are put in one container and the prisoners must sleep in rotation. The detainees are not allowed to shower in prisons except once per week. In open-space-prisons, the prisoners take their bath in stagnant pools and whoever misses his turn for any reason he must wait until the next week. Prisoners are not allowed to use the bathroom except once per day which makes some prisoners use cans for urinating. Not showering and urinating inside cells cause the spread of lice among the detainees. In most prisons, there are no physicians and patients must be transferred to far-away places for medication. Because of malnutrition (a prisoner is given a loaf of bread and cup of tea two times per day), many prisoners arrive hospitals in a deteriorated condition and most patients who come from these prisons die." } ] }, { "id": "b-4248710c96021fc501817c4a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/0", "start": 1795, "end": 2536 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Prisoners in Nekhra prison, the exiled and those accused of not performing the national service, are forced to work for the Eritrean Naval Forces without wearing shoes in high temperatures. Some prisoners who were expelled from Malta were afflicted with paralysis and relatives had to carry them when they were released. Most of the detainees got skin diseases and alopecia. Some Army generals force prisoners to work in their own farms or building their houses without payment. A former prisoner, Tsfai Tsfadhin, in a statement to Swuera Center said that during his detention he worked in a farm owned by a general in the army called Wody Gelta. Tsfai spent most of his prison duration in a cell underground in a place close to Barnto city." } ] }, { "id": "b-bc9809ca2b36fe0f6c54915c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/7/0", "start": 2545, "end": 2790 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The prisoners are exposed to various types of torture including standing under the sun until they went unconscious, beating with sticks, binding hands and legs in a figure-eight shape, binding in a way called \"helicopter\", and binding with trees." } ] }, { "id": "b-cf308dadf1d9abeb962e99ae", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/9/0", "start": 2799, "end": 3306 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Lesan Eldin El Khatib is a Sudanese national who had been detained from 4/12/2002 to 14/10/2004 without any accusation presented against him. He spent his detention in Wengl Marmara prison in Asmara. In his first days of detention, he was put in a cell underground and he did not know the day and the night until a small lamp was turned on. In his first day he heard voice of a woman screaming as she was beaten in the next door cell. He had been hearing that screaming for all the days he spent in the cell." } ] }, { "id": "b-a2a8e9cb158883d41f650837", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/11/0", "start": 3315, "end": 4707 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Punishment of beating and other types of torture is extensively used in the Eritrean prisons, especially to extract confessions of the prisoners. In a statement to Swuera Center, a Sudanese detainee, journalist Amir Babkir Abd Allah, said he was detained in Asmara on 1/4/2004 and transferred to the Headquarters of Eritrean Borders Forces in Asmara. He spent 24 hours in their office, his hands were bound to a chair and then he was transferred to Truck B prison in Asmara. He was put in a truck with another 150 Eritrean detainees and then they were transferred to the west of the country on 2/4/2004. Some prisoners were sent to prisons of Hicota, Sawa and Kiro. The truck arrived to the last destination the following day to a prison called Adr Sar close to Germaiaka administered by the Eritrean Intelligence. In this prison there are 50 detainees. Adr Sar prison was built underground and only the administrative offices can be seen. There are three rooms in the prison, the largest one is 12*4 meters square and the other two are 9*4 meters square. In addition, there are 12 cells for women; the largest one is 2*2 meter square. Amir said that he was one of 90 detainees who shared a cell of 9*4 meter square. The detainees were forced to work in prison, breaking stones from hills that surround the prison in the hottest times of the day and they were fed with dry bread and hot water." } ] }, { "id": "b-6ea82bf299994a4013a036a7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/13/0", "start": 4716, "end": 4924 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "There are reports about rape cases especially in Wengl Marmara prison in Asmara where officers summon the detained women to assault them sexually at night. 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University of Asmara Students By Anonymous Sep 12, 2005, 11:21 PST The following is awate.com's translation of a testimony provided to Elsa Chyrum, an Eritrean human rights activist. This is part of a series of testimonies she has provided by Eritrean political prisoners who were detained in Gelalo, Dehlak Islands, and Karsheli. It was in mid-July 2001. The committee of university of students were expressing their opposition, legally, to the call of the Ministry of Education that every university student should report for the harvest drive. Point by point, they provided a rebuttal to the president of University of Asmara, Dr. Woldeab Ishak, that the call is not doable. To mention some of the points made: 1. The University of Asmara has an autonomous administration and, as such, the call of the ministry of education does not concern it; 2. The wet-season harvest drive is nowhere to be found in the Eritrean constitution and, as such, is not acceptable; 3. To force students to participate in the harvest drive without their consent and without pay violates the United Nation’s charter against forced labour and human rights, a charter that Eritrea is a signatory to. It provided a summary that, if they are to participate, it has to be with their consent and with pay. Nonetheless, the president of the University of Asmara explained that the campaign envisioned that the students’ task would be to conduct census, research and outreach to the people and that the compensation would be 800 Nakfa, meaning 26 Nakfa per day (USD $1.30.) The students’ committee explained that the amount would not even suffice to cover meal and lodging expenses and asked for their rights in a legal and orderly manner. Meanwhile, on 31 July, 2001 at 7:00 AM, Semere Kesete, the president of the student union of the University of Asmara, was seized at his home by three security officers who loaded him in a civilian car and arrested him. The students stated that all they did was ask for their rights and, if the president of the student union is guilty of any crime, he should be presented to a court of law. As a lark, they presented the president of the student union to a court of law on August 9, 2001. However, because no charges could be presented, the session was postponed for a later date. In an announcement publicized on radio and television, it was disclosed that all students should report for the harvest drive. The students responded that they would not embark on the buses until he [Semere Kesete] was presented to a court of a law and a verdict rendered. Right about then, the president of the university, Dr. Weldeab Ishak, disclosed that effective immediately, the academic season had concluded and that he wanted no responsibility [for what was to follow] and physically escorted us out of the campus. And closed the gates. The next day, 8:00 AM, was Semere Kesete’s appointed time of court hearing and the students flocked to the courthouse to hear the verdict. While some were inside the courthouse and others were in the yard, tens of soldiers materialized around the courthouse. Beating and threatening with their guns and batons, they attempted to seize all students at the courthouse. A sizable number of students were seized and forcibly taken to the Asmara Stadium. Precisely at that time, an order was given that every university student, anywhere in Eritrea, should be detained. That night, many soldiers headed to the student dorms and, using their batons and guns, awakened the students and herded them, some with nothing on their backs except what they had on, to the Asmara Stadium. All in all, including the ones that were already there, they numbered around 300. Whipped by winds and drenched by rain, hungry and in pain, they spent the night at the stadium. Fathers and mothers convened outside the stadium, with food and spare clothes. But they were dispersed by the stick-wielding soldiers—there were mothers that were beaten with sticks. The next morning, they were given derisory snacks and canned food. At about 11:00 AM, they readied the vehicles. And, without providing any explanation, they attempted to load the students. But the students said that they had committed no crimes and that they had asked for their rights legally and in an orderly manner and asked where they were taking them. They were told to embark without asking questions. They responded that they would not. One of the pistol-carrying supervisors ordered the soldiers to move in. About 50 soldiers, some carrying Klashnikovs some carrying batons, filed in. They ordered them to embark. The students said they wouldn’t. They locked and loaded their weapons. And those carrying batons started beating the students. Screams could be heard. Entering from the upper and lower level of the stadium, the soldiers started beating the students wantonly. Many had broken limbs. The parents and siblings who were outside started screaming. The soldiers dispersed them by beating them with their sticks. Some had broken legs, others fractured skulls and when they were exhausted, they dragged them and loaded them [on the trucks.] They took them, to destination unknown, past Asmara city limits towards Massawa. We had no idea where. But after a few days, all students would follow them, and would see them with their own eyes. This was when every student was taken to Wi’A. The date was 12 August 2001. This is three days after the students were forcibly taken. Beginning at precisely 6:00 AM, traumatized and frightened students started showing up at the stadium. Gradually, their numbers increased and, having spent the whole day without breakfast or lunch, at precisely 4:00 PM, heavy trucks and N-3 [cargo trucks] entered the stadium. With an empty stomach and without any preparation, nearly 1700 students began the journey. We headed out of the city limits towards Massawa. We did not know where we were headed. We passed Massawa and turned right on the road to Asab. After six hours, at about 10:00 PM, we reached a place called Wi’A. Without food or water, with all our fatigue, we slept on the rock-strewn ground, without any sheets. We spent the night, our perimeter encircled by soldiers. At around 10:00 AM, they separated the females from us and headed them to a destination to our east. And we, carrying our bags, began walking. With the military barracks to our left, we headed out, to the northwest. After a while, we were asked to sit. From 6:00 AM [when we met at the stadium] until the next day at 11:00 AM, for 30 hours, we had nothing to eat and we were in pain. At about 12:00 noon, when the students began fainting from dehydration, they took us to a big stream which flows into the Hadas River. While we were headed there, a few of our comrades began fainting. We were not allowed to pick them up. When we reached the river, we headed to muddy stream. Still empty-stomached, we drank the muddy waters. Many fell right there. We carried them up the banks. We were told to leave them there. There were many who had lost consciousness. One by one, they loaded them up a water truck. I remember, hungry as we were, we saw many goats around the river where we drank water. Softly, we headed in their direction. The goats were eating dry bread, left over by the soldiers. Seeing this, we were thrilled. Although the smell was foul, we attempted to share the bread with them. But the bread was so dry we could not chew on it. We placed it on our clothes [shirts] and dunked it in the river to soften it. We ate some, and we took some to our comrades who were lying down on the banks of the river, suffering from hunger. A bit strengthened now, we began to move about. On the path of the walkway, we saw many students, fallen. Later, we heard that on August 14, 2001, Yirga Yosief and on August 19, 2001, Yemane Tekie had died. Many had mental and physical incapacitation. For example, one of the students who used to share sleeping quarters with us, a 2nd year biology student, had mental problems and became insane. These big trials, the causes of this pain were the 30 hours without food or water as well as the environment of Wi’A. A military barrack set in a deep valley, Wi’A is found 45 kilometres south of Massawa on the right side of the road to Assab, about 6 kilometres northwest of the town of Foro. There are mountains to its north, west and south. The weather was quite hot then—we were told by our comrades who were at the clinic that it was 45 degrees centigrade. What is most amazing is that, despite its extreme heat, they have chosen Wi’A as a prison and centre of pain. Some of the soldiers there told us that they had been given wrong information about us. They were told: “These [the students] were plotting to overthrow the government. They are enemies of the state. They are spoiled. While you are in the bunker defending your country, they want the indulgence of selection.” About a week later, the commander of the 35th division, Colonel Gabriel Woldeselase, gathered about 2000 of us. They separated us into four groups. The next morning, the first group, which included females, was taken to the well-known prison in Gelalo. Fearing opposition, the supervisors of the camp took two groups to Gelalo. Those of us in the other two groups remained in Wi’A. Later, our comrades who were sent to Gelalo told us that Gelalo is a hot place and their time was spent by engaging in heavy manual labour, after walking for two hours each day. As for the two groups that were left in Wi’A, they segregated us. They gathered some of us at the camp, others at the school. Whether at work or relieving ourselves, we were always guarded by soldiers. Under the intense heat, we would gather rocks for about 3 hours. The rocks get hot during the day. We would carry the rocks on our shoulders, and clear the ground to construct a road. One night, it hailed; there was no shelter and the rain poured on our backs. At night, we slept in the mud. The next morning, many of us were ill. A month later, Dr. Woldeab Ishak showed up and called a meeting. Students poured out tough questions and opinions. But the event was being video-taped and, after a while, our comrades who asked the questions were rounded up at night and separated from us. The bitterness of life in prison continued. On September 8, 2001, the two groups who were in Wi’A were called to a meeting with Colonel Gabriel Woldeselase. In a speech filled with bluster and threats, he told us: “Because you have rejected a call that would have benefited the country and the people, you are guilty. Thus, you should admit your error and ask for forgiveness.” One of us stood up and responded that it was not a crime to ask for your rights. Nonetheless, continuing on with his bullying, he threatened, “Unless you ask for forgiveness, a punishment worse than what you have encountered awaits you.” The next morning, they prepared buses and headed us out on the road to Asab. On the second day, we reached our destination, a place called Edi. On September 11, 2001, about noon time, we headed out of Edi in the direction that we had come from [Wia.] Midway, we disembarked at a place called Arkobkobai. There, we were guarded by many soldiers. As we understood it, the plan was for them to ask us to ask for forgiveness and those who would not comply would be mowed down by gun fire. Some distance away, a man holding papers, and accompanied by soldiers with batons and guns, would call out the students, one at a time. Everyone was asked a written question: “I, having disobeyed a government proclamation that would benefit the government and the country am correct or wrong.” The written document further said that if you say that you did not disobey but were exercising your rights, you would be considered guilty. Every student was asked. We all knew that what we had done was correct. However, using force and intimidation, they compelled us to say that it was wrong. They got what they wanted; and we lost. Particularly because the cost was Yirga Yosief and Yemane Tekie. Also because many had been taken ill, been incapacitated and imprisoned. Having completed their interrogation, they returned us back to Wi’A. On September 18, 2001, after G-15--the officials who had opposed the administration of the government--were arrested, the private press was closed and the journalists arrested, they intensified the guard around us. The prison and the punishment got even worse. Even people who were suffering from diarrhoea were not permitted to go relieve themselves. Day and night, we were escorted by soldiers even when trying to relieve ourselves. We were gathered under a huge tent with a standing order not to talk to anyone. Many were harmed by the sun, the heat and diseases. On September 19th, 2001, the 2nd year biology student who had lost his mind was taken to the military clinic. He is still not cured. Finally, Major General Gerezgheir Andemariam (“Wuchu”) called us to a meeting. And he said as follows: “Like somebody who has been infected with AIDS, you have been infected with G-15. You are guilty of crimes against the people and the government. The government knows what is best for you; so say ok, to whatever it tells you. As for whatever it is you are guilty of, it is on your head and it will follow you.” At night, some of our comrades were arrested and taken. But the rest of us, after nearly three months of pain and suffering, left Wi’A and headed to Asmara the next day, November 7, 2001. Our morale was deeply affected and we lost all hope. And we understood, henceforth, our future under this government would be the depth of darkness. When will it dawn: don’t know!", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "39d6bdb4cf0f1bfef58678d8", "source_sha256": "76999a8b26ee9ca7c8c1c70a9069b01def617aa0453572ec379476cc7e55f0fe", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-95f02c6b0e928bf853600ecd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/11/1/1/1/0", "start": 5670, "end": 5736 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "WiA: Testimony of University of Asmara Students \nBy Anonymous \nSep 12, 2005, 11:21 PST" } ] }, { "id": "b-e635812441a9d885a29a10bd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/13/0", "start": 6265, "end": 6630 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "The following is awate.com's translation of a testimony provided to Elsa Chyrum, an Eritrean human rights activist. This is part of a series of testimonies she has provided by Eritrean political prisoners who were detained in Gelalo, Dehlak Islands, and Karsheli.", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-1a6be7335f10476983c182d1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/15", "start": 6640, "end": 6652 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "It was in mid-July 2001. The committee of university of students were expressing their opposition, legally, to the call of the Ministry of Education that every university student should report for the harvest drive. Point by point, they provided a rebuttal to the president of University of Asmara, " }, { "text": "Dr. Woldeab Ishak", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ", that the call is not doable. To mention some of the points made:" } ] }, { "id": "b-e303e1e313ac85a28e15acf7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/23/0", "start": 7312, "end": 7386 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "1. The University of Asmara has an autonomous administration and, as such, the call of the ministry of education does not concern it;" } ] }, { "id": "b-c1f9f6fdc0d1c9a796d6bbc7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/25/0", "start": 7625, "end": 7699 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "2. The wet-season harvest drive is nowhere to be found in the Eritrean constitution and, as such, is not acceptable;" } ] }, { "id": "b-f78e419c9252eb0b354060cc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/27/0", "start": 7921, "end": 7981 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "3. To force students to participate in the harvest drive without their consent and without pay violates the United Nation’s charter against forced labour and human rights, a charter that Eritrea is a signatory to. It provided a summary that, if they are to participate, it has to be with their consent and with pay." } ] }, { "id": "b-8853e63d7bdc80c13c30f04e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/31/0", "start": 8502, "end": 9076 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "Nonetheless, the president of the University of Asmara explained that the campaign envisioned that the students’ task would be to conduct census, research and outreach to the people and that the compensation would be 800 Nakfa, meaning 26 Nakfa per day (USD $1.30.) The students’ committee explained that the amount would not even suffice to cover meal and lodging expenses and asked for their rights in a legal and orderly manner." } ] }, { "id": "b-9770efe43ce8c625cce789c5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/35/0", "start": 9144, "end": 10281 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "Meanwhile, on 31 July, 2001 at 7:00 AM, " }, { "text": "Semere Kesete,", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " the president of the student union of the University of Asmara, was seized at his home by three security officers who loaded him in a civilian car and arrested him. The students stated that all they did was ask for their rights and, if the president of the student union is guilty of any crime, he should be presented to a court of law. As a lark, they presented the president of the student union to a court of law on August 9, 2001. However, because no charges could be presented, the session was postponed for a later date. In an announcement publicized on radio and television, it was disclosed that all students should report for the harvest drive. The students responded that they would not embark on the buses until he [Semere Kesete] was presented to a court of a law and a verdict rendered." } ] }, { "id": "b-ebdbbeafdb03e8baf25e44fb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/39/0", "start": 10349, "end": 12244 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "Right about then, the president of the university, " }, { "text": "Dr. Weldeab Ishak, disclosed that effective immediately, the academic season had concluded and that he wanted no responsibility [for what was to follow] and physically escorted us out of the campus. And closed the gates. ", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": " The next day, 8:00 AM, was Semere Kesete’s appointed time of court hearing and the students flocked to the courthouse to hear the verdict. While some were inside the courthouse and others were in the yard, tens of soldiers materialized around the courthouse. Beating and threatening with their guns and batons, they attempted to seize all students at the courthouse. A sizable number of students were seized and forcibly taken to the Asmara Stadium. Precisely at that time, an order was given that every university student, anywhere in Eritrea, should be detained. That night, many soldiers headed to the student dorms and, using their batons and guns, awakened the students and herded them, some with nothing on their backs except what they had on, to the Asmara Stadium. All in all, including the ones that were already there, they numbered around 300. Whipped by winds and drenched by rain, hungry and in pain, they spent the night at the stadium. " }, { "text": "Fathers and mothers convened outside the stadium, with food and spare clothes. But they were dispersed by the stick-wielding soldiers—there were mothers that were beaten with sticks.", "marks": [ "underline" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-8b70d0cf3c3ece9863549819", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/43/0", "start": 12312, "end": 14361 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "The next morning, they were given derisory snacks and canned food. At about 11:00 AM, they readied the vehicles. And, without providing any explanation, they attempted to load the students. But the students said that they had committed no crimes and that they had asked for their rights legally and in an orderly manner and asked where they were taking them. They were told to embark without asking questions. They responded that they would not. One of the pistol-carrying supervisors ordered the soldiers to move in. About 50 soldiers, some carrying Klashnikovs some carrying batons, filed in. They ordered them to embark. The students said they wouldn’t. They locked and loaded their weapons. And those carrying batons started beating the students. Screams could be heard. Entering from the upper and lower level of the stadium, the soldiers started beating the students wantonly. Many had broken limbs. The parents and siblings who were outside started screaming. The soldiers dispersed them by beating them with their sticks. Some had broken legs, others fractured skulls and when they were exhausted, they dragged them and loaded them [on the trucks.] They took them, to destination unknown, past Asmara city limits towards Massawa. We had no idea where. But after a few days, all students would follow them, and would see them with their own eyes. " }, { "text": "This was when every student was taken to Wi’A.", "marks": [ "underline" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-205a8a8c768d76770a470ae5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/47/0", "start": 14429, "end": 14717 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The date was 12 August 2001. This is three days after the students were forcibly taken. Beginning at precisely 6:00 AM, traumatized and frightened students started showing up at the stadium.", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " Gradually, their numbers increased and, having spent the whole day without breakfast or lunch, at precisely 4:00 PM, heavy trucks and N-3 [cargo trucks] entered the stadium. With an empty stomach and without any preparation, nearly 1700 students began the journey. We headed out of the city limits towards Massawa. We did not know where we were headed. We passed Massawa and turned right on the road to Asab. After six hours, at about 10:00 PM, we reached a place called Wi’A. Without food or water, with all our fatigue, we slept on the rock-strewn ground, without any sheets. We spent the night, our perimeter encircled by soldiers. At around 10:00 AM, they separated the females from us and headed them to a destination to our east. And we, carrying our bags, began walking. With the military barracks to our left, we headed out, to the northwest. After a while, we were asked to sit. " }, { "text": "From 6:00 AM [when we met at the stadium] until the next day at 11:00 AM, for 30 hours, we had nothing to eat and we were in pain.", "marks": [ "underline" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-b19d0129a0297eb33873fd9f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/51/0", "start": 16198, "end": 18383 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "At about 12:00 noon, when the students began fainting from dehydration, they took us to a big stream which flows into the Hadas River. While we were headed there, a few of our comrades began fainting. We were not allowed to pick them up. When we reached the river, we headed to muddy stream. Still empty-stomached, we drank the muddy waters. Many fell right there. We carried them up the banks. We were told to leave them there. There were many who had lost consciousness. One by one, they loaded them up a water truck. I remember, hungry as we were, we saw many goats around the river where we drank water. Softly, we headed in their direction. The goats were eating dry bread, left over by the soldiers. Seeing this, we were thrilled. Although the smell was foul, we attempted to share the bread with them. But the bread was so dry we could not chew on it. We placed it on our clothes [shirts] and dunked it in the river to soften it. We ate some, and we took some to our comrades who were lying down on the banks of the river, suffering from hunger. A bit strengthened now, we began to move about. " }, { "text": "On the path of the walkway, we saw many students, fallen. Later, we heard that on August 14, 2001, ", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": "Yirga Yosief", "marks": [ "underline", "strong" ] }, { "text": " and on August 19, 2001, ", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": "Yemane Tekie", "marks": [ "underline", "strong" ] }, { "text": " had died.", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": " Many had mental and physical incapacitation. For example, one of the students who used to share sleeping quarters with us, a 2" }, { "text": "nd", "marks": [ "sup" ] }, { "text": " year biology student, had mental problems and became insane. These big trials, the causes of this pain were the 30 hours without food or water as well as the environment of Wi’A." } ] }, { "id": "b-f78a02812f51068b189ab0c4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/55/0", "start": 18451, "end": 19062 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "A military barrack set in a deep valley, Wi’A is found 45 kilometres south of Massawa on the right side of the road to Assab, about 6 kilometres northwest of the town of " }, { "text": "Foro", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ". There are mountains to its north, west and south. " }, { "text": "The weather was quite hot then—we were told by our comrades who were at the clinic that it was 45 degrees centigrade. What is most amazing is that, despite its extreme heat, they have chosen Wi’A as a prison and centre of pain.", "marks": [ "underline" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-9197892749111123c1ff679e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/59/0", "start": 19130, "end": 20328 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "Some of the soldiers there told us that they had been given wrong information about us. They were told: “These [the students] were plotting to overthrow the government. They are enemies of the state. They are spoiled. While you are in the bunker defending your country, they want the indulgence of selection.” About a week later, the commander of the 35" }, { "text": "th", "marks": [ "sup" ] }, { "text": " division, " }, { "text": "Colonel Gabriel Woldeselase", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ", gathered about 2000 of us. They separated us into four groups. The next morning, the first group, which included females, was taken to the well-known prison in " }, { "text": "Gelalo.", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " Fearing opposition, the supervisors of the camp took two groups to Gelalo. Those of us in the other two groups remained in Wi’A. Later, our comrades who were sent to Gelalo told us that Gelalo is a hot place and their time was spent by engaging in heavy manual labour, after walking for two hours each day." } ] }, { "id": "b-4dc0479e4aa742bf5c57f6bd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/63/0", "start": 20396, "end": 21195 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "As for the two groups that were left in Wi’A, they segregated us. They gathered some of us at the camp, others at the school. Whether at work or relieving ourselves, we were always guarded by soldiers. Under the intense heat, we would gather rocks for about 3 hours. The rocks get hot during the day. We would carry the rocks on our shoulders, and clear the ground to construct a road. One night, it hailed; there was no shelter and the rain poured on our backs. At night, we slept in the mud. The next morning, many of us were ill." } ] }, { "id": "b-4b004d35b94279a6e23fe081", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/67/0", "start": 21263, "end": 23693 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "A month later, Dr. Woldeab Ishak showed up and called a meeting. Students poured out tough questions and opinions. But the event was being video-taped and, after a while, our comrades who asked the questions were rounded up at night and separated from us. The bitterness of life in prison continued. On September 8, 2001, the two groups who were in Wi’A were called to a meeting with Colonel Gabriel Woldeselase. In a speech filled with bluster and threats, he told us: “Because you have rejected a call that would have benefited the country and the people, you are guilty. Thus, you should admit your error and ask for forgiveness.” One of us stood up and responded that it was not a crime to ask for your rights. Nonetheless, continuing on with his bullying, he threatened, “Unless you ask for forgiveness, a punishment worse than what you have encountered awaits you.” The next morning, they prepared buses and headed us out on the road to Asab. On the second day, we reached our destination, a place called " }, { "text": "Edi", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ". On September 11, 2001, about noon time, we headed out of Edi in the direction that we had come from [Wia.] Midway, we disembarked at a place called " }, { "text": "Arkobkobai", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ". There, we were guarded by many soldiers. " }, { "text": "As we understood it, the plan was for them to ask us to ask for forgiveness and those who would not comply would be mowed down by gun fire.", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": " Some distance away, a man holding papers, and accompanied by soldiers with batons and guns, would call out the students, one at a time. Everyone was asked a written question: " }, { "text": "“I, having disobeyed a government proclamation that would benefit the government and the country am correct or wrong.” ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " The written document further said that if you say that you did not disobey but were exercising your rights, you would be considered guilty. Every student was asked. We all knew that what we had done was correct. However, using force and intimidation, they compelled us to say that it was wrong. " }, { "text": "They got what they wanted; and we lost. Particularly because the cost was Yirga Yosief and Yemane Tekie. Also because many had been taken ill, been incapacitated and imprisoned.", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " Having completed their interrogation, they returned us back to Wi’A." } ] }, { "id": "b-1947e8f7ec523e60555f81ca", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/71/0", "start": 24423, "end": 25395 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "On September 18, 2001, after G-15--the officials who had opposed the administration of the government--were arrested, the private press was closed and the journalists arrested, they intensified the guard around us. The prison and the punishment got even worse. Even people who were suffering from diarrhoea were not permitted to go relieve themselves. Day and night, we were escorted by soldiers even when trying to relieve ourselves. We were gathered under a huge tent with a standing order not to talk to anyone. Many were harmed by the sun, the heat and diseases. On September 19" }, { "text": "th", "marks": [ "sup" ] }, { "text": ", 2001, the 2" }, { "text": "nd", "marks": [ "sup" ] }, { "text": " year biology student who had lost his mind was taken to the military clinic. He is still not cured." } ] }, { "id": "b-5c2d6942add9ed20874a3545", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/75/0", "start": 25463, "end": 26616 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "Finally, " }, { "text": "Major General Gerezgheir Andemariam (“Wuchu”) ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "called us to a meeting. And he said as follows: “Like somebody who has been infected with AIDS, you have been infected with G-15. You are guilty of crimes against the people and the government. The government knows what is best for you; so say ok, to whatever it tells you. As for whatever it is you are guilty of, it is on your head and it will follow you.” At night, some of our comrades were arrested and taken. But the rest of us, after nearly three months of pain and suffering, left Wi’A and headed to Asmara the next day, November 7, 2001. " }, { "text": "Our morale was deeply affected and we lost all hope. And we understood, henceforth, our future under this government would be the depth of darkness. 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Tuku'e Y", "original_sha256": "5cfce304fb974fb43d5c94402ac46ba1d6fa96521a497a387e910705fb69ee64" }, { "field": "date", "value": "September 2008 (revised and expanded version Jan 2011).", "source_excerpt": "eath of Tuku’e Yehadego Researched and compiled by Resoum Kidane September 2008 (revised and expanded version Jan 2011). Tuku'e Yehadego was bor", "original_sha256": "5cfce304fb974fb43d5c94402ac46ba1d6fa96521a497a387e910705fb69ee64" } ], "text": "Tuku'e Yehadego 1942-1971 The mysterious death of Tuku’e Yehadego Researched and compiled by Resoum Kidane September 2008 (revised and expanded version Jan 2011). Tuku'e Yehadego was born in Asmara around 1942. He attended high school at Haile Selassie I secondary school, where he was a leading figure in the 1957 student strike against the imposition of Amharic as the school's language instruction. During the student demonstration in 1957 he hit a police captain with his head and was arrested. Tuku'e was also a soccer star player, after graduation he played with the Adulis Footbal Club and in December 1959 when the team was playing in Port-Sudan, he was recruited into the Eritrea Liberation Movement (Haraka). According Iyob (1995, 101) the Eritrean team, Adulis travelled to the Sudan for national matches, and three ELM members mobilized and recruited members for the new organisation. Killion (1997, 53) also adds that Tuku'e later helped organize the ELM in Asmara. Team members, like Tuku'e played key roles in spreading the network among the youth in Asmara in 1959 and he became a key ELM organizer in Asmara where he worked for Civil Aviation Authority. Tuku’e was also recruited the Eritrean Chief Police General Tedla Ogbit who was active in the assembly intimidating members and interrogated ELM (Haraka) members in the late 1950s. However, Tedla repented later and attempted to join the Eritra resistance movement this could be after he was recruited by the ELM. Because of this development (connection) when Tuku’e was arrested for organising a demonstration against Eritrea ANNEXATION in late 1962 he was released by Police General Tedla Ogbit. After Tuku’e released from a prison in late 1962, he fled to Sudan to continue his struggle against the annexation of Eritrea in 1962 and he worked with the ELM until its demise by the ELF in 1965. Following the liquidation of the military wing of the ELM in 1965, Turku’s joined the ELF without trying to revitalize the ELM or create a new organisation. However when Wolday Giday and Kidane Kiflu, two prominent ELF members were killed in Kassala by the ELF in 1969, he joined Osman Saleh Sabbe’s organization, in 1970 The death of Kidane caused much disillusionment among the ELF fighters. For example Tuku Yehdego who was one of the founders ofMahber Mahber Shew'ate (Union of Seven) in Asmara in 1959 became disillusioned. Tuku hated the Kiada al Ama leadership from the beginning and decided to work with the Sabbe group rather than to join Selfi Nsenat which was led by Issayas who was member of Kiada al Ama until he defected to theAla groups on 27 April 1970. After Tuku left the ELF, he sent a letter to the Eritrean students and other former members of Haraka in the Diaspora to inform them about the unstable political situation in the ELF and the Kiada Al Ama conspiracy to kill Kidane Kiflue and other fighters. His letter might have contributed for the split among the Eritrean students in the diaspora at the meeting of General Union of Eritrean Students (GUES) in Munich in the summer of 1970. One group was, which had Dr Fitsum Ghebreselassie, Aregai Habtu, Habte Tesfamariam etc condemned the Kiada al Ama action and the other group, which had, Herui Tedla Bairu who didn't condemn the killing of Kidane Kiflue and Wlday Giday. In 1971 when Dr Fitsum Ghebreselassie was killed in the ELF, Herui Tedla Bairu was a vice-chairman in 1971. The killing of Dr Fitsum Ghebreselassie might have a connection with the summer meeting which was held in Munich . [Herui was also participated in the decision to liquidate the EPLF in1972 which caused for the death of 3, 000 fighters from both side between 1972 and 1974. This was another crime which committed when he was in the ELF leadership between 1971 and 1975.]. It is beyond the scope of this paper to explore this issue in greater depth. When Tuku’e was working between Aden and Sudan in the early 1970s, he wrote unpublished paper under the title( ገድሊ ኤርተራ መዓስ ተጀመረ? ብመንከ? The main theme of this paper was just to make aware of the Eritrea people struggle how it was started and when. In this well written paper he made clear that the Eritrea people struggle was started in the 1940s and 1950s not in 1961. However, it was sad Tuku'e was killed before transferring his experience and knowledge to the young generation in 1971. This was presuming before 15.6.71 as he had a plan to attend the EPLF meeting on that date. For further information refer the last page of his paper ገድሊ ኤርተራ መዓስ ተጀመረ? ብመንከ? Tuku'e Yehadego 1942-1971 kab riqe -hefeneti Tekie Beyne (2009: p.133) Regarding his death Killion (1991: 413 p.) in his book mentioned that Tuku was killed in an ELF ambush in 1971 while bringing supplies from Port-Sudan to ELF-PLF fighters in Sahel, this was based on the EPLF story However, according to a reliable source Tuku'e did not die in the civil war but there was a story that he mysteriously disappeared while he was with Girmai. In 1971 Teku vanished without trace somewhere around Mahmimet (See map.1) while he was on the journey with Girmay Mahari from Port Sudan to Semenaw Bahari (See map.2) to attend the EPLF meeting which was held on 15-6-1971 at Semenaw Bahari inside Eritrea MAP1 MAP 2 Tuku was not only very naïve in making the decision to attend the EPLF meeting but also in trusting Girmay Mahari and travelling with him. Regarding this incident Girmay Mahari reported that they lost each other somewhere around Mahmmimet. Tekey Beyne also mentioned this incident in his book kabriqe -hefeneti Tekie Beyne (2009: p.133). What was reported by Girmay Mehari was just a cover up story similar to what was reported about the death of Abraham Tewelde 1970s, Woldenkile Haile 1977, Mengesteab Yisak 1978, Ibrahim Afa 1985 etc. When Girmay Mahari convinced Tuku to visit the field, Tuku had never thought that he would be the next victim of the EPLF leaders after Abraham Tewelde. If he had returned to Port Sudan after attending the meeting, he would have completed the last part of his paper (ገድሊ ኤርተራ መዓስ ተጀመረ? ብመንከ?) As history proves Issays has never hesitated to eliminate any one who is more famous than he or a threat to his power and Tuku’e became one of the victim. Girmay Filipos in his paper “ኢሳያስ ሰላዪዶ ወይ ተጋዳሊ also mentioned that Tuke was killed by the EPLF not ELF. Based on this paper and others which were written about the EPLF’s History of Mysterious Deaths in the 1970s in past 6 years, one can dare to say that Tuku’e was killed by Girmai Mehari who is the commander of both Sembel and Tsetserat Prison Administration and Rehabilitation Services. The death of Tuku’e is also a victory for Idris M.Adem who was the founder of the ELF in competition with the ELM in 1960 and chairman of the ELF in 1971. According various sources Idris hated the ELM and its members because of their secular views. Regarding this Bereketeab (2000:184) states the leaders of the ELF and Idris Mohammed Adem in particular dislike the strategy of the ELM. Mengesteab (2005:40) also adds that, Idris launched a vitriolic campaign against ELM and its leaders threatened by the youthful and secular orientation of the ELM leadership and by Nawid's early affiliation with the Sudanese Communist Party, Idris Adem roused Eritrean nationalists against the ELM. Tuku’e was one of the great young personalities of the post-Italian colonial generation who spent his youth in struggling to preserve the federal constitution by leading student demonstrations and actively participating in spreading the ELM networking, helping organize a protest against Eritrea ANNEXATION in late 1962. In this 48th year of commemoration of the beginning of the armed struggle for national liberation, a brave nationalist man like Tuku’s should be remembered as a hero by all Eritrean youth and they should follow his traces to revitalize the spirit of the 1950s youth movement which will be have a great outcome in creating unity among the youth to speed up their victory over the present autocratic government and other leaders within the opposition groups who refuse to acknowledge their crimes or collaboration during the armed struggle. The ELF Leaders’ crimes against the Haraka fighters in 1965 EPLF is the Same as the PFDJ/Government ድሕሪ ሞት፡ ንቐብሪ ታሪኽ ከኣ ንነባሪ", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "3ecf2c305ae0e4e98322d9f9", "source_sha256": "62817e3062cbf36222eff4fd686d245f5a3ed9f1bee6f41b1a555a11636c0c23", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-a29e0714ab30b5ad53e68e6c", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/45/1/2/11/0/1/0/1/0", "start": 8350, "end": 8474 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/61cd7dbf6d733b05443078a1e91310d6c1ef9998cee62cd8a9ccb2764850726d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Tuku'e Yehadego\n 1942-1971" } ] }, { "id": "b-15277c912402b4c5eacc700c", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/45/1/6/3/0", "start": 8884, "end": 8949 }, "anchors": [], "level": 4, "content": [ { "text": "The mysterious death of Tuku’e Yehadego", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-75d652fdd8a943c3c25fa317", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/1/6/3/2/0", "start": 8960, "end": 9035 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Researched and compiled by Resoum Kidane \n September 2008 (revised and expanded version Jan 2011)." } ] }, { "id": "b-7b0c267d781843369963afb0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/1/8/3/0/0", "start": 9208, "end": 10795 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tuku'e Yehadego was born in Asmara around 1942. He attended high school at Haile Selassie I secondary school, where he was a leading figure in the 1957 student strike against the imposition of Amharic as the school's language instruction. During the student demonstration in 1957 he hit a police captain with his head and was arrested. " } ] }, { "id": "b-8c540321e465f98066a1a73d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/1/8/3/0/0", "start": 9208, "end": 10795 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Tuku'e was also a soccer star player, after graduation he played with the Adulis Footbal Club and in December 1959 when the team was playing in Port-Sudan, he was recruited into the Eritrea Liberation Movement (Haraka). According Iyob (1995, 101) the Eritrean team, Adulis travelled to the Sudan for national matches, and three ELM members mobilized and recruited members for the new organisation. Killion (1997, 53) also adds that Tuku'e later helped organize the ELM in Asmara. Team members, like Tuku'e played key roles in spreading the network among the youth in Asmara in 1959 and he became a key ELM organizer in Asmara where he worked for Civil Aviation Authority. Tuku’e was also recruited the Eritrean Chief Police General Tedla Ogbit who was active in the assembly intimidating members and interrogated ELM (Haraka) members in the late 1950s. However, Tedla repented later and attempted to join the Eritra resistance movement this could be after he was recruited by the ELM. Because of this development (connection) when Tuku’e was arrested for organising a demonstration against Eritrea ANNEXATION in late 1962 he was released by Police General Tedla Ogbit. 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His letter might have contributed for the split among the Eritrean students in the diaspora " }, { "text": "at the meeting of General Union of Eritrean Students (GUES) in Munich in the summer of 1970.", "href": "/documents/c980189267e99bdae66a475e/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " One group was, which had Dr Fitsum Ghebreselassie, Aregai Habtu, Habte Tesfamariam etc condemned the Kiada al Ama action and the other group, which had, Herui Tedla Bairu who didn't condemn the killing of Kidane Kiflue and Wlday Giday. In 1971 when " }, { "text": "Dr Fitsum Ghebreselassie", "href": "/documents/b800a7f5893111f13f070bdf/" }, { "text": " was killed in the ELF, Herui Tedla Bairu was a " }, { "text": "vice-chairman in 1971", "href": "/documents/fa48f6017b3cca8a5fe556f8/" }, { "text": ". The killing of Dr Fitsum Ghebreselassie might have a connection with the summer meeting which was held in Munich . [Herui was also participated in the decision to liquidate the EPLF in1972 which caused for the " }, { "text": "death of 3, 000 fighters", "href": "/documents/785838c3304e4d863b8e6ff8/" }, { "text": " from both side between 1972 and 1974. This was another crime which committed when he was in the ELF leadership between 1971 and 1975.]. It is beyond the scope of this paper to explore this issue in greater depth." } ] }, { "id": "b-e72be462e70dc33f5e566852", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/1/8/3/5/0", "start": 14135, "end": 14257 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "When Tuku’e was working between Aden and Sudan in the early 1970s, he wrote unpublished paper under the title" }, { "text": "( ", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": "ገድሊ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "strong", "underline" ] }, { "text": " ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": "ኤርተራ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "underline", "strong" ] }, { "text": " ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": "መዓስ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "underline", "strong" ] }, { "text": " ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": "ተጀመረ? ብመንከ?", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "underline", "strong" ] }, { "text": " The main theme of this paper was just to make aware of the Eritrea people struggle how it was started and when. In this well written paper he made clear that the Eritrea people struggle was started in the 1940s and 1950s not in 1961. However, it was sad Tuku'e was killed before transferring his experience and knowledge to the young generation in 1971. This was presuming before 15.6.71 as he had a plan to attend the EPLF meeting on that date. For further information refer the last page of his paper " }, { "text": "ገድሊ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "strong", "underline" ] }, { "text": " ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": "ኤርተራ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "underline", "strong" ] }, { "text": " ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": "መዓስ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "underline", "strong" ] }, { "text": " ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": "ተጀመረ? ብመንከ?", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "underline", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-c4f1458dce7080835418bc29", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/45/1/8/3/7/1/1/0/1/0/0", "start": 15517, "end": 15641 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/61cd7dbf6d733b05443078a1e91310d6c1ef9998cee62cd8a9ccb2764850726d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Tuku'e Yehadego\n 1942-1971", "href": "/documents/3ecf2c305ae0e4e98322d9f9/" } ] }, { "id": "b-654c492eb75c96ae1261840e", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/45/1/8/3/7/1/1/0/3/0/0", "start": 15942, "end": 16068 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/aa5850aeff0457a6d8e0a2e14ecac987f6edc7e0bc4fe27b5b45c8ec707031ad.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "kab riqe -hefeneti Tekie Beyne (2009: p.133)", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-d5f9f230669972b81cbae969", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/45/1/8/3/9/1/1/0/1/0/0", "start": 16266, "end": 16389 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/9afd02db205568b7ed10ec2562669c8d755ea9a09eda0eb14ea90ed7ed08112e.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-892734b33413f73109fbb109", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/1/8/3/9/1/1/0/3/0/0", "start": 16422, "end": 16442 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Regarding his death " }, { "text": "Killion (1991: 413 p.)", "href": "/documents/08e7831e2b17544bae1a72e2/" }, { "text": " in his book mentioned that Tuku was killed in an ELF ambush in 1971 while bringing supplies from Port-Sudan to ELF-PLF fighters in Sahel, this was based on the EPLF story" } ] }, { "id": "b-7d2150ba9df02290341b0cad", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/1/8/3/9/1/1/0/3/2/0", "start": 16763, "end": 16920 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "However, according to a reliable source Tuku'e did not die in the civil war but there was a story that he mysteriously disappeared while he was with Girmai." } ] }, { "id": "b-86fdad0e88d883d93388ce04", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/1/8/3/9/1/1/0/3/4/0", "start": 16941, "end": 17281 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In 1971 Teku vanished without trace somewhere around " }, { "text": "Mahmimet (See map.1)", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " while he was on the journey with Girmay Mahari from Port Sudan to Semenaw Bahari " }, { "text": "(See map.2) to attend the EPLF meeting which was held on 15-6-1971 at Semenaw Bahari inside Eritrea", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-65c32204405ca6a40b37271e", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/45/1/8/3/9/3/1/0/1/0/0", "start": 17390, "end": 17516 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/6099e277a257c2b158e61eb7bd42b725ea88faaeae0c31cb5a85f8cefa573184.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "MAP1", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-9472e52ae274c1379d935af4", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/45/1/8/3/9/3/1/0/3/0/0", "start": 17610, "end": 17733 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/0ef4a2fd0c202bf80d8cf2dd987793101f81529f2ba158301ca304ae19e0de87.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "MAP 2", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-48a82fc3ebabe6642ded89ec", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/1/8/3/9/5/0", "start": 17863, "end": 18372 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tuku was not only very naïve in making the decision to attend the EPLF meeting but also in trusting Girmay Mahari and travelling with him. Regarding this incident Girmay Mahari reported that they lost each other somewhere around Mahmmimet. Tekey Beyne also mentioned this incident in his book kabriqe -hefeneti Tekie Beyne (2009: p.133). What was reported by Girmay Mehari was just a cover up story similar to what was reported about the death of Abraham Tewelde 1970s, Woldenkile Haile 1977, " }, { "text": "Mengesteab Yisak 1978", "href": "/documents/5a3136ead959b7c0e898e1d0/" }, { "text": ", " }, { "text": "Ibrahim Afa 1985", "href": "/documents/fff4116475e0e66ad78d00bf/" }, { "text": " etc. When Girmay Mahari convinced Tuku to visit the field, Tuku had never thought that he would be the next victim of the EPLF leaders after Abraham Tewelde. If he had returned to Port Sudan after attending the meeting, he would have completed the last part of his paper (" }, { "text": "ገድሊ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/" }, { "text": "ኤርተራ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/" }, { "text": "መዓስ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " ", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/" }, { "text": "ተጀመረ? ብመንከ?", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ")" } ] }, { "id": "b-1f7418855e52245acd3c2f55", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/1/8/3/11/0", "start": 19257, "end": 19287 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As history proves " }, { "text": "Issays has never hesitated to eliminate any one who is more famous than he ", "href": "/documents/dd75c3034b7ee1237822b869/" }, { "text": " or a threat to his power and Tuku’e became one of the victim. Girmay Filipos in his paper " }, { "text": "“", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": "ኢሳያስ", "href": "/documents/40b7dcdf0372db54b30d1067/", "marks": [ "strong", "underline" ] }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "ሰላዪዶ", "href": "/documents/40b7dcdf0372db54b30d1067/", "marks": [ "strong", "underline" ] }, { "text": " ", "href": "/documents/40b7dcdf0372db54b30d1067/" }, { "text": "ወይ", "href": "/documents/40b7dcdf0372db54b30d1067/", "marks": [ "strong", "underline" ] }, { "text": " ", "href": "/documents/40b7dcdf0372db54b30d1067/" }, { "text": "ተጋዳሊ", "href": "/documents/40b7dcdf0372db54b30d1067/", "marks": [ "strong", "underline" ] }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "also mentioned that Tuke was killed by the EPLF not ELF", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": ".", "marks": [ "underline", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-9cb98d1857bd1e7d957672a7", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/45/1/8/3/12/0/0/0/0", "start": 20005, "end": 20127 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/cca943e04a2b3845f26e6f82d0d8af5f99c03da54e043d53641c5dd89965d82d.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-962403b04a85fadba9b3325f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/1/8/3/12/0/1", "start": 20141, "end": 20269 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Based on this paper and others which were written about the EPLF’s History of Mysterious Deaths in the 1970s in past 6 years, " }, { "text": "one can dare to say that", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " Tuku’e was killed by Girmai Mehari who is the commander of both Sembel and" } ] }, { "id": "b-ddacfc440f1177b76976382b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/1/8/3/12/1", "start": 20393, "end": 20393 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tsetserat Prison Administration and Rehabilitation Services", "href": "/documents/33a7e0bb3dc58e007a503e7d/" }, { "text": ". The death of Tuku’e" }, { "text": " is ", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": "also a victory for " }, { "text": "Idris M.Adem who was the founder of the ELF in competition with the ELM in 1960 and chairman of the ELF in 1971. According various sources Idris hated the ELM and its members ", "href": "/documents/431612c43f67f533acd60a86/" }, { "text": "because of their secular views. Regarding this Bereketeab (2000:184) states the leaders of the ELF and Idris Mohammed Adem in particular dislike the strategy of the ELM. Mengesteab (2005:40) also adds that, Idris launched a vitriolic campaign against ELM and its leaders threatened by the youthful and secular orientation of the ELM leadership and by Nawid's early affiliation with the Sudanese Communist Party, Idris Adem roused Eritrean nationalists against the ELM." } ] }, { "id": "b-bac8439cbc397e6abed57851", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/1/8/3/14/0", "start": 21420, "end": 21743 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tuku’e was one of the great young personalities of the post-Italian colonial generation who spent his youth in struggling to preserve the federal constitution by leading student demonstrations and actively participating in spreading the ELM networking, helping organize a protest against Eritrea ANNEXATION in late 1962." } ] }, { "id": "b-8db7e1672a64f26dfebbe026", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/1/8/3/16/0", "start": 21768, "end": 22293 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In this 48th year of commemoration of the beginning of the armed struggle for national liberation, a brave nationalist man like Tuku’s should be remembered as a hero by all Eritrean youth and they should follow his traces to revitalize the spirit of the 1950s youth movement which will be have a great outcome in creating unity among the youth to speed up their victory over the present autocratic government and other leaders within the opposition groups " }, { "text": "who refuse to ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "acknowledge", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "their crimes", "href": "/documents/b800a7f5893111f13f070bdf/" }, { "text": " or collaboration during " }, { "text": "the armed struggle.", "href": "/documents/2b88950ec3a803bbacc181b7/" } ] }, { "id": "b-0094943fcdf3d3c36a5bcd0c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/1/14/5/0", "start": 22754, "end": 22937 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The ELF Leaders’ crimes against the Haraka fighters in 1965", "href": "/documents/431612c43f67f533acd60a86/" } ] }, { "id": "b-7646afcfeb3c691f33e74a6d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/1/16/3/0/1/0", "start": 23052, "end": 23192 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "EPLF is the Same as the PFDJ/Government", "href": "/documents/9314b50c7face6498929f752/" } ] }, { "id": "b-48f79436048f786f1144c956", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/45/1/16/3/0/3", "start": 23204, "end": 23429 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "ድሕሪ ሞት፡ ንቐብሪ ታሪኽ ከኣ ንነባሪ", "href": "http://www.jeberti.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1124:2011-01-12-02-02-26&catid=58:tigrina" } ] } ], "anchors": { "apDiv1": "source-apDiv1", "apDiv2": "source-apDiv2", "apDiv3": "source-apDiv3", "apDiv4": "source-apDiv4", "apDiv8": "source-apDiv8", "apDiv9": "source-apDiv9", "apDiv10": "source-apDiv10", "apDiv11": "source-apDiv11", "apDiv13": "source-apDiv13", "apDiv15": "source-apDiv15", "apDiv18": "source-apDiv18", "apDiv5": "source-apDiv5", "apDiv6": "source-apDiv6", "apDiv7": "source-apDiv7", "apDiv12": "source-apDiv12" }, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/1", "start": 35, "end": 195 }, "text": "", "text_sha256": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855", "reason": "Inherited EHREA site header/banner/navigation", "evidence": "Positioned apDiv template wrapper: repeated logo/banner/prison-menu/index/search/date chrome before document content; 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Ar 4/ Mr. Abdalla Salih Ibrahim: arrested in his home town Suwera in the first week of Jan 5/ Mr. Abdalla Omer Jemie : medical doctor. Arrested in Keren in 2007. 6/ Mr. Mohammed Adem Bassim: medical laboratory technician. Arrested in 2007. 7/ Mr. Ahmed Deen Omer Ismaeel : arrested in his town Suwera in the first week of Jan 8/Mr. Abdalla Salih: arrested in his town Gohaito in the first week of January 2008. 9/ Mr.Tara Kobaba: a journalist arrested in his town Haikota in February 2008. 10/ Mr. Yonas Jakomino: arrested in Bimbilna in February 2008. 11/ Mr. Zeru Biddo: arrested in Keren town in April 2008. 12/ Mr. Sulaiman Wad Shum: was arrested in Hazamu- Iba in August 2008. Accused of sect. 13/ Mr. Yassin Sulaiman Ahmed: arrested in Hazamu- Iba in August 2008 . Accused of sect. 14/ Mr. Ibrahim Mohammed Sulaiman: arrested in Hazamu- Iba in August 2008. Accu religious sect. 15/ Mr.Mohammed Bashai Omer: arrested in Senafe township in August 2008. Accused sect. 16/ Mr. Omer Telki: arrested in Adi Caigh in August 2008. Accused of belonging to Ans 17/ Mr. Siraj Ali: arrested in Senafe in August 2008. Accused of belonging to Anssar – S 18/ Mr.Mohammed Saleh Abdalla: arrested in Senafe in August 2008. Accused of belon 19/ Mr. Sulaiman Ali: arrested in Senafe in August 2008. Accused of belonging to Anssa 20/ Mr. Ahmed Ismaeel: arrested in Senafe in August 2008. Accused of belonging to An 21/ Mr. Mohammed Kheir Haj Mousa: arrested in Adi Caigh in August 2008. Accused sect. 22/ Mr. Osman Mohammed Adem: arrested in Adi Caigh in August 2008. 23/ Mr. Abdalla Adnan: arrested in Adi Caigh in August 2008. Accused of belonging to 24/ Mr. Ibrahim Abdalla: arrested in Adi Caigh in August 2008. Accused of belonging t 25/ Mr. Mohammed Ahmed Saeedai Hamidi: kidnapped and high-jacked with his car an 26/ Mr. Asfadai Ansra: arrested in Keren in October 2008. Names of Sudanese Detainees whose Names not included in the SCHR 2006 Report: 1/Mr. Abd Al Azim Abu-AL-Gasim AL-Shiekh Ali: Imprisoned at Karshly prison in A 2/Mr. Abd AL-Rahman Shamoun Abdalla: a citizen of Kassala, Sudan. 3/ Mr.Azhari Hassan Alama: his place of detention unknown. The names of the following whose names are already included in the arbitrary arrest still in prison until the end of 2008: 1. Mr. Mohammed Maranet Nessour: was a judge in Keren who was arrested in 1991 1997 but he has been moved to an unknown place therefore his contacts with his fam have been filed against Mr. Nessour nor been brought to a court. 2. General Bitwodded Abreha: was senior military officer and former member of the E who was arrested in 1992 but released for a while in 1998 during the Eritrean-Ethiopi Marmara prison in Asmara. No charges have been filed against General Abraha nor h 3. Mr. Mohammed Ibrahim Malik: was a teacher at the Islamic Institute at Keren. He 4. Mr. Osman Mohammed Nour: was a teacher at the Islamic Institute at Keren. He w 5. Mr. Osman Abdelnour Muhammed: was a teacher at the Islamic Institute at Keren arrested in 1992. 6. Mr. Musa Ibrahim Fargallah: was a teacher at the Islamic Institute at Keren. He wa 7. Mr. Ahmed Masmar Hazout: was a teacher at the Islamic Institute at Keren. He wa 8. Mr. Idriss Muhammed Saíd: was a teacher at the Islamic Institute at Keren. He was 9. Mr. El Hassan Ali Azouz: was a teacher at the Islamic Institute at Keren. He was arr 10. Mr. Ibrahim Gam'ei Hamid:was a teacher and director of the Islamic Dia (light) In detained at Karshili prison in Asmara until 1997 then he has been moved to an unkno not known. No charges have been filed against him nor has he been brought to a cour 11. Mr. Mohammed Tahir Hamid Okod: was a teacher and deputy director of the Islam in 1992. He was detained at Karshili prison in Asmara until 1997 then he has been m whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against him nor has he been b 12. Mr. Ibrahim Bakheit Malik: was a teacher at the Anabasa Wazantet Islamic Institut detained at Karshili prison in Asmara until 1997 then he has been moved to an unkno not known. No charges have been filed against him nor has he been brought to a cour 13. Mr. Abdlalim Mohammed Ali Zar'oum: was a teacher at the Anabasa Wazantet Isl He was detained at Karshili prison in Asmara until 1997 then he has been moved to a whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against him nor has he been b THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Report by Suwera Centre for Human Rights Page 19 of 46 mhtml:file://D:\\newham\\Assenna.mht!http://asena.samai.co.uk/index.php?option=co... 04/08/2009 14. Mr. Abdelrahman Ali Amharai: was a teacher at the Anabasa Wazantet Islamic Ins detained at Karshili prison in Asmara until 1997 then he has been moved to an unkno not known. No charges have been filed against him nor has he been brought to a cour 15. Mr. Mohammed Hamid Osman: was a teacher at the Islamic Dia (light) Institute w detained at Karshili prison in Asmara until 1997 then he has been moved to an unkno not known. No charges have been filed against him nor has he been brought to a cour 16. Mr. Abubaker Ali Nour: arrested in 1993 together with his son who was a teacher a not known. No charges have been filed against him nor has he been brought to a cour 17. Mr. Omer Abubaker Ali Nour: a teacher at Wazantet and Anabasa Institutes, arrest known. No charges have been filed against him nor has he been brought to a court. 18. Mr. Shom Salih Ya'goub: was a separation advocate. Arrested in Addis Ababa in 19 charges have been filed against him. 19. Mr. Nafié Ibrahim Fikkak: was a teacher at the Islamic Dia (light) Institute at Kara whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against him. 20. Mr. Faraj Abubakr El Haj: was a teacher at the Islamic Dia (light) Institute at Kara whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against him. 21. Mr. Abdelwahab Ibrahim Gama Hamid: was a student at the Islamic Institute at K whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against him. 22. Mr. Yaseen Hamid Nafie: was a teacher at the Ansaba Islamic Institute at Keren wh is not known. No charges have been filed against him. 23. Mr. Osman Mohammed Ali Ibrahim Gedem: he was the Imam of the Grand Mos His whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against him. 24. Mr. Ahmed Masmar Ibrahim: he was a teacher at the Ansaba Islamic Institute at K whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against him. 25. Mr. Yaseen Ahmed Zayed: was a teacher at the Ansaba Islamic Institute at Keren w is not known. No charges have been filed against him. 26. Mr. Gabir Hussein: is a merchant arrested at Keren in 1994. His whereabouts is not against him. 27. Mr. Gabir Hamid ukad: is a merchant arrested at Keren in 1994. His whereabouts i against him. 28. Mr. Mohammed Adam Da'oud: He was a head of Senhet Regiona Parliament, arres known. No charges have been filed against him. 29. Mr. Idriss Mohammed Ali: was a director of the Islamic Dia (light) Institute who w not known. No charges have been filed against him. 30. Mr. Mahmoud Ali Gam'ei: was a teacher at the Islamic Institute at Keren who was known. No charges have been filed against him. 31. Mr. Fuáad Mahmoud Omer: was a director of the Charity Offerings Organization 1994. His whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against him. 32. Mr. Hassan Abdelrahman Dirar: was a teacher at El dia Islamic Institute in Keren whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against him. 33. Mr. Hassan Ali Nour Dirar: was a teacher at the Islamic Institute in Keren who wa known. No charges have been filed against him. 34. Mr. El Shaikh Mohammed Ibrahim Shedly: arrested at Mansoura in late 1994. His have been filed against him. 35. Mr. Idriss Saíd Ari: was a teacher at El Dia Islamic Institue in Keren, arrested in 19 THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Report by Suwera Centre for Human Rights Page 20 of 46 mhtml:file://D:\\newham\\Assenna.mht!http://asena.samai.co.uk/index.php?option=co... 04/08/2009 charges have been filed against him. 36. Mr. Paolous Eyaso: a member of Jehovah Witnesses. He was arrested on 24th Septe participate in the military service program on religious grounds. He is detained in Saw allowed to visit him not he has been brought to court. 37. Mr. Nagdi Takhlimariam: a member of Jehovah Witnesses. He was arrested on 24th participate in the military service program on religious grounds. He is detained in Saw allowed to visit him not he has been brought to court. 38. Mr. Issak Mogos: is also a member of Jehovah Witnesses. He has been arrested on 2 participate in the military service program on religious grounds. He is detained in Saw allowed to visit him not he has been brought to court. 39. Mr. Mohammed Osman Dayr: one of the early freedom fighters who joined Eritrea the country after independence. Mr. Dayer was arrested on 25th May 1995 when he le needs. He never returned to this hotel. He is diabetic and he was in his fifties when he allowed to visit him moreover, his whereabouts is not known. No charges have been 40. Mr. Abdelallah Ibrahim Idris Adra: originally from Andrayeib /Agordat. He was c his arrested in 1995. His whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed again 41. Mr. Mogos Tesfamariam: was kidnapped from Ethiopia in 1995 because of allegati then he is imprisoned in Wenjel Marmara prison. When investigators did find evident bailer which he rejected since no charge has been proved against him. 42. Mr. Salih Osman Arey: was a former leader of the National Council, an ELF faction liberation. Mr. Ari was arrested on 3rd October 1995 at Keren, he was at his forties. H His wife who is based in Sudan tarvelled to Eritrea three times and met several offici meet him or informed about his whereabouts. No charges were filed against him or br 43. Mr. Mahmoud Dinai: one of the early freedom fighters who joined the ELF in early Commander of the 1st Military Region in 1965. Mr. Danay was arrested on 10th Octo regional Parliament of El Gash – Barka region. He was at his sixties. His family was whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against Mr. Dinia nor has he t 44. Mr. Sulaiman Zkaria: was a former fighter in the 1st Military Region. He was arrest sixties at that time. Authorities did not allow his family to visit him. His whereabouts filed against him. 45. Mr. Mohammed Khair Musa: was a former leader in the National Council, a factio after independence. When he was arrested on 10th October 1995 at Keren where he w region, he was at his late fifties. Authorities did not allow his family to visit him, disc against him nor took him to a court . 46. Mr. Ibrahim M. Ibrahim: was a former leader in the ELF - the Unified Organizatio October 1995 in Agrdat where he was a judge in the Regional Court of Baraka-Gash Authorities did not allow his family to visit him, disclosed his whereabouts, filed cha 47. Mr. Mohammed Salih Mahmoud: was a former leader in the ELF – the National C independence in early 1950s. Mr. Mahmoud was arrested on 10th October 1995 in A Regional Court of Braka-Gash Region. Authorities did not allow his family to visit hi him to a court. 48. Mr. Mohamoud Khalid: was a former leader in the ELF who returned to the countr arrested on 10th October 1995 in Agordat where he was an officer in the Municipality Authorities did not allow his family to visit him, filed charges against him nor took him to THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Report by Suwera Centre for Human Rights Page 21 of 46 mhtml:file://D:\\newham\\Assenna.mht!http://asena.samai.co.uk/index.php?option=co... 04/08/2009 1. Mr. El Amin Hamid Karrar: he was in charge of co-operative associations in Barak October 1995 in Agordat. Authorities did not allow his family to visit him, disclosed him nor took him to a court. 2. Mr. Salih Mohammed Idris Abu Ajaj: is one of the first generation of fighters in th early 1960s. Mr. Abu Ajaj was arrested on 10th October in Agordat, he was at his ear allow his family to visit him, disclosed his whereabouts, filed charges against him no 3. Mr. Muhammed Ali Ibrahim: is one of the first generation of fighters in the Eritrea 1960s. Mr. Ibrahim was arrested on 10th October 1995. Authorities did not allow his whereabouts, filed charges against him nor took him to a court of law. 4. Mr. Ismail Idriss Karkas: was a former fighter within the ELF, the National Counci aftermath of independence. He was arrested in late Novemer 1995. Authorities did no his whereabouts, filed charges against him nor took him to a court of law. 5. Mr. Idriss Dinai: was a former fighter with the ELF which he joined in 1980s. He re and arrested in late November 1995. He was at his thirties at the time of arrest. Autho him, disclosed his whereabouts, filed charges against him nor took him to a court . 6. Mr. Muhammed Banni: was a former fighter with the ELF. He was arrested in 1996 family to visit him, disclosed his whereabouts, filed charges against him nor took him 7. Mr. Adam Ibrahim: Was graduated from Um Durman Islamic University. He was arrested in 1996. 1. Mr. Suliman Abou Bker Ebraheem: He was arrested in 1996 at Sanafi town. His killed during arrest. His whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed again 2. Mr. Abdellah Ali Nassir: arrested in 1996 at Sanafi town. His whereabouts is not kn him. 3. Ibrahim Omer Bahibaish: He was arrested in 1996 in Sanafi. His whereabouts is no against him. 4. Mr. Amir El Sir: a Sudanese national, arrested in 1996. His whereabouts is not know him. 5. Osman Salih Hamid: He was arrested in 1996 in Hagaat. 6. Mr. Ibrahim Idirss Mohammed Ali (Mangous): arrested in El Gash in 1997. 7. Mr. Hamid Omer Hashishai: arrested in 1997. His whereabouts is not known. No c 8. Mr. Gshi Mahari Tsfamariam: was arrested in 1997 under allegations of receiving (riba) but he has not been brought to an open court. 9. Mr. Mansour Walday: was arrested in 1998 under allegations of illegal money lend an open court. 10. Mr. Adam Burhan Bayan: was arrested in 1998 under allegations of illegal money brought to an open court. 11. Mr. Ghebrehiwet Geleta: is a journalist who was kidnapped earlier in 1988 from Ka independence. He has been arrested again in 2002 when he was working for an indep known. No charges have been filed against him nor has he been brought to a court. 12. Mr. Mohammed Daóud Mohammed Osman Daóud: a religion man, arrested in Go known. No charges have been filed against him> 13. Mr. Adam Muhammed Osman Daóud: a religion man, arrested in Gonia in 1999. 14. Mr. Petros Solomon: is one of the earliest members of the Eritrean People's liberati THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Report by Suwera Centre for Human Rights Page 22 of 46 mhtml:file://D:\\newham\\Assenna.mht!http://asena.samai.co.uk/index.php?option=co... 04/08/2009 security service attached to the Front for several years. After independence he has bee including minister of Foreign Affairs and Defense. Before is dispute with President A and Marine Resources and an MP. He is married to Esteir Yohannes who is also in d have four children. Solomon was arrested 0n 18/9/2001. Authorities did not allow his whereabouts, filed charges against him nor took him to a court. 15. Mr. Mahmoud Ahmed Sherifo: is one of the earliest fighters who joined revolution the EPLF. He assumed a number of senior positions within the Front during struggle assumed a number of ministerial portfolios, most recent of them was the Ministry of L terms of protocol as the second man in the state. Mr. Sharifo was also an MP. He is m arrested on 18th September 2001. His family is not allowed to visit him, his whereabo against him and he has not been brought to a court . 16. Mr. Haile Woldtenesae: is one of the earliest members of the Eritrean People's liber Economics and then Foreign Affairs and member of the current Parliament. He was t Alger Agreement on behalf of the Government of Eritrean. Mr. Tenesae was arrested and a father. He is diabetic. His whereabouts is not known, his family is not allowed t him and he has not been brought to a court. 17. General Uqbe Abrha: is a former Chief of Command and former minister. He was a not allowed to visit him, his whereabouts is not known, no charges were files against court of law. General Abrha is suffers from asthma According testimonies gathered b conscripts who escaped the country, General Abrha died last year because of lack of b Cemetery at Ginda 45 km from Asmara. 18. General Berhane Gerezgrzghihier: was a retired General former commander of the member in the leadership of the Eritrean People's liberation Front since 1977. His wh allowed to visit him, no charges were filed against him and he has not been brought t 19. Ms. Astier Fessehatsion: was the director at the Ministry of Labor and Social Affair September 2001. She suffers from ulcer. Her whereabouts is not known, her family is filed against her and she has not been brought to a court. 20. Mr. Salih Kikia: was a former manager of the Office of the President, a former Min Transportation and member of both leadership of the ruling party and the Parliament. was arrested on 18t September 2001. His whereabouts is unknown and his family is n filed against him nor been taken to a court. 21. Mr. Hamid Himed : was a former Ambassador to Suadi Arabia and Sudan, head of t Ministry of Foreign Affairs, member of the leadership of the ruling and an MP. Mr. H arrested on 18th September 2001. His whereabouts is unknown and his family is not a filed against him nor been taken to a court. 22. General Estifanos Seyoum : a retired army officer, in charge of income taxes, memb and an MP. He was arrested on 18th September 2001. His whereabouts is unknown an No charges were filed against him nor been taken to a court. 23. Mr. Germano Natti: was a former regional governor and MP. He was arrested on 18 unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him 24. Beraki Ghebreselassie: a former Ambassador to Germany, a former minister of Info was arrested on 18th September 2001. His whereabouts is unknown and his family is filed against him nor been taken to a court. 25. Ms. Mariam Hagous: was in charge of cinema sector has been arrested on 6th Octob Hagous is unknown and her family is not allowed to visit her. No charges were filed THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Report by Suwera Centre for Human Rights Page 23 of 46 mhtml:file://D:\\newham\\Assenna.mht!http://asena.samai.co.uk/index.php?option=co... 04/08/2009 court. 26. Mr. Yousif Mohammed Ali: Editor-in-Chief of Sganai newspaper. He was arrested a hunger strike in early April 2003, he has been moved from a police detention center charges have been filed against Mr. Ali nor been brought to a court. 27. Mr. Matiwos Hebteab: a journalist, was editor-in-Chief of Magalih newspaper. Was April 2003 he was moved from police custody in Asmara to unknown place upon pa have been filed against Mr. Ali nor been brought to a court. 28. Mr. Dawit Habtemichael: was an assistant to the editor-in-chief of Maglih He was a 2003 he was moved from police custody in Asmara to unknown place upon participat been filed against Mr. Ali nor been brought to a court. 29. Mr. Medhanie Haille: is a journalist, was an assistant editor-in-chief and borad mem arrested in September 2001. In early April 2003 he was moved from police custody in participation in hunger strike. No charges have been filed against Mr. Ali nor been br 30. Mr. Temsghen Ghebresus: is a journalist, an assistant editor-in-chief and board me arrested in September 2001. In early April 2003 he was moved from police custody in participation in hunger strike. No charges have been filed against Mr. Ali nor been b 31. Mr. Emanuel Asrat: is a journalist,was an editor-in-chief of Zaman newspaper. He w April 2003 he was moved from police custody in Asmara to unknown place upon par have been filed against Mr. Ali nor been brought to a court. 32. Mr. Fessaye Yohannes ( Joshua): was a journalist with Steit newspaper. He was arr 2003 he was moved from police custody in Asmara to unknown place upon participat been filed against Mr. Ali nor been brought to a court. 33. Mr. Sa'id Abelgadir: is a journalist, was an editor-in-chief of Admas newspaper. He April 2003 was moved from police custody in Asmara to unknown place upon partici been filed against Mr. Ali nor been taken to a court. 34. Mr. Seyoum Tsehye: was a freelance photographer. He was arrested in September 2 from police custody in Asmara to unknown place upon participation in hunger strike. Ali nor been brought to a court. 35. Mr. Dawit Issac: was a journalist with Steit newspaper. He holds both Eritrean an Sw authorities have released him in November 2005 and re-arrested him tow days later a of his sympathizers. He is detained at Wenjel prison in Asmara. No charges have bee court. 36. Mr. Ali El Amin: was an employee of the Embassy of the USA who was arrested in Embassy. His whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No taken to a court. 37. Mr. Kflom Ghebremichael: was also an employee of the Embassy of the USA who for spying for the Embassy. His whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowe against him nor been taken to a court. 38. Mr. Idriss Ab'aari: is a writer and a former director at the Ministry of Labor. Mr. Ab in liberation war. Mr. Ab'aari has been arrested towards the end of 2001. His whereab allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him nor been taken to a court. 39. Mr. Kidane Kebreab: was a member of the ruling party who was arrested in early 2 family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him nor been taken 40. Mr. Tesfai Gherma : was a member of the ruling party who was arrested in early 20 family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him nor been taken t THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Report by Suwera Centre for Human Rights Page 24 of 46 mhtml:file://D:\\newham\\Assenna.mht!http://asena.samai.co.uk/index.php?option=co... 04/08/2009 41. Mr. Alazar Mesfun: was a member of the ruling party and former Governor of Kere whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were court. 42. Mr. Kiros Tesfamichael (Awer): was a member of the ruling party and former Dire arrested in early 2002. His whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to v him nor he been taken to a court. 43. Mr. Beesrat Yemane: was a member of the ruling party and former Consular in Fran whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were court. 44. Mr. Firon Woldu: was a member of the ruling party and former director at the Minis arrested in early 2002. His whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to v him nor been taken to a court. 45. Mr. Ibrahim Siraj: was a member of the ruling party and former diplomat in Suadi A whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were court. 46. Mr. Hamid Mohammed Sa'id: a journalist who was arrested in March 2003 when h detained in Wenjel Marmara prison in Asmara. No charges were filed against him no 47. Mr. Salih El Gaza'eri: is a journalist, was arrested in March 2003 when he was wor Masses). He is detained in Wenjel Marmara prison in Asmara. No charges were filed 48. Mr. Aho Mohammed Aho: was a Secretary of the Parliament of the South Red Sea. whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were court. 49. Mr. Ali Mohammed Ibrahim: was arrested in 2002. His whereabouts is unknown an No charges were filed against him nor been taken to a court. 50. Mr. Ibrahim Sa'id: was a former officer at the Commission of Humanitarian Aid an 2003. His whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No cha taken to a court. 51. Mr. Akhlilu Mogos: was a member of the ruling party who was arrested in early 200 family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him nor been taken to a court. 52. Mr. Berhe Tesfamariam: is an engineer and was a member of the ruling party who whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were court. 53. Mr. Ermias Debessai: was a member of the ruling party, a former Ambassador in Ch court and condemned of corruption. He served his prison sentence but re-arrested in N unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him 54. Mr. Ghermai Yohannes: was a sportsman who was arrested in November 2003. His is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him nor been taken to a cou 55. Colonel Yemane Fesseha: (Wad Rago) was a police officer who was arrested in Nov unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him 56. Mr. Mohammed Osman: the former Scertary of Gash- Barka Regional Parliament w whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were court. 57. Mr. Solomon Habtom: was a member of the ruling party and former head of one of THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Report by Suwera Centre for Human Rights Page 25 of 46 mhtml:file://D:\\newham\\Assenna.mht!http://asena.samai.co.uk/index.php?option=co... 04/08/2009 Communication and Transportation. He was arrested in June 2003. His whereabouts to visit him. No charges were filed against him nor been taken to a court. 58. General Habtetsion Hadgu: is the former commander of Air Force. He was arrested been arrested for some months. His whereabouts is unknown and his family is not all against him nor been taken to a court. 59. Ms. Asnayit Debessai: is a guitarist and was a member of the ruling party and mothe Wenjel Marmara in Asmara because she requested divorce through court from her inf to Kenya). A police officer visits Asnayit every three months asking her whether she she insists on divorce she is returned to prison every time. Asnayit who claims to bein she prefers prison to keeping her marriage bond. 60. Mr. Ibrahim Ismail Omer: a schoolteacher graduated from Suadi Arabia, arrested in No charges have been filed against him. 61. Haj Idriss: was a mosque Imam at Adardi Mosque. He was affiliated to Ansar El Su political activism. He has been detained since November 2003 at Wingil Marmara pr 62. Ms. Astier yohannes: was an MA student in the US and wife of the former minister September 2001. She returned upon guarantees by the authorities that she will not be airport and was not allowed even to see her children and mother who were waiting at allow any type of visits to Ms. Johannes including herfamily. She is kept in solitary d 63. Mr. Taha Abdelgadir: is a member of Ansar El Sunna Islamic group and was active He is at his twenties. He was arrested in 2004 and detained at Wenjel Marmara but ha 64. Ms. Hayat Ibrahim Nour Hussien: was affiliated to Asnar El Sunna. She has been a in Wenjel Marmara but has not been brought to court. 65. Mr. Mohammed Salih Adam: a member of Ansar El Sunna Islamic group, arrested he has been informed by the prison director that he had been sentenced to four years i prison. 66. Mr Ahmed Siraj: a member of Ansar El Sunna Islamic group, arrested in Asmara in informed by the prison director that he had been sentenced to four years imprisonmen 67. Mr. Mohammed Burhan: a member of Ansar El Sunna Islamic group, arrested in A has been informed by the prison director that he had been sentenced to four years imp prison. 68. Mr. Abdelrahman Mohammed Nour: a member of Ansar El Sunna Islamic group, said that he has been informed by the prison director that he had been sentenced to fo at Simble prison. 69. Muhmaad Omer Ismail: Graduated in Cairo University. He was arrested in 2004. 70. Fr. Haili Niazgi: the head of the Full Gospel Church, arrested on 23rd May 2004. 71. Dr. Kafli GabremasgAl: head of the Eritrean Protestant Alliance. Arrested on 23rd M 72. Fr. Tesfasion Hagous: of the Protestant Rima Church. Arrested on 27th May 2004. 73. Fr. Kedani Waldai: arrested in 2004. 74. Fr. Abraham Blai: arrested in 2004. 75. Mr. Adam Ali Ismail: arrested in May 2004 and has been moved from Tesnai prison 76. Fr. Gabr Medhanie Ghbregargis: a priest in Orthodox Church, the biggest church i November 2004. 77. Dr. Tekhliab Mengestab: a priest in the Orthodox Church. He was arrested in late N 78. Dr. Fazom Gabringous: a priest in the Orthodox Church. He was arrested in late No 79. Fr. Kidani Ghbremosgal: is a priest at the Full Gospel Church. He is at his fifties. H THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Report by Suwera Centre for Human Rights Page 26 of 46 mhtml:file://D:\\newham\\Assenna.mht!http://asena.samai.co.uk/index.php?option=co... 04/08/2009 been deported from a policestation in Asmara to Semble Prison. 80. Fr. Fanuel Mehretab: is a priest at the Full Gospel Church too. He is at his fifties. H been deported from a policestation in Asmara to Simble Prison. 81. Mr. Towlde Ghbremedhin: was a trade unionist who was arrested on 30th March 20 family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him nor been taken t 82. Mr. Menési Andzion: was a trade unionist who was arrested on 30th March 2005. H is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him nor been taken to a cou 83. Mr. Hebtom Wadmichael: was a trade unionist too who was arrested on 11th April his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him nor been tak 84. Mr. Tekhli Tesfai: is 73 years old and affiliated to Jehovah Witnesses. He has a dual arrested on 27th may 2005 and informed by the director of Wengl Marmar prison that imprisonment. 85. Salih Ali Abo Ali: used to work in trading between Sudan and Eritrea, arrested in Jun whereabouts is unknown. 86. Mr. Fotoy Gazai: works for the USA Embassy in Asmara as a web editor. Was arre Information accused him of trafficking. 87. Mr. Benyam Germai: the deputy manager of the buildings at the USA Embassy in A He has been accused of trafficking, which mostly means helping others to leave the c 88. Mr. Idirs Mohammed Ali: one of the most prominent singers in the country, arreste 89. Mr. Salah Grenit: was an employee of the Eritrean Airlines in Asmara, arrested in l 90. Mr. Geime Saíd Kemel: was a reporter and sport journalist at Eritrea El Haditha new 91. Mr. Mohammed Geime Arri: was a police officer, arrested in November 2005. 92. Mr. Adam Salih: a journalist arrested in November 2005 in Asmara. 93. Mr. Abubaker Bareg Ramadan: Was an employee at the Administration of Keren t 94. Mr. Abdlallah Ramadan: a businessman, arrested in late November 2005. 95. Mr. Omer Kikia: was an employee at the Ministry of Education in Keren, arrested i 96. Mr. Mohammed Nour Ahmed: arrested in late November 2005. 97. Mr. Mohammed Abdelhalim Hamouda: a writer and a businessman, arrested in Ba 98. Mr. Mohammed Adam Shalshal: was a police man arrested in November 2005. 99. Mr. Ahmed Musa Geime: was an army officer, arrested in November 2005. 100. Mr. Nasr El Din El Silaihabi: a Sudanese national, arrested in November 2005. He 101. Mr. Khalil Mohammed Khalil: a Sudanese national, arrested in December 2005. He 102. Mr. Ahmed Bokari: was a government employee arrested in Dankalia in December prison. 103. Mr. Ibrahim Lee: trader works at the Yemen-Eritrea borders, arrested in December 104. Mr. Nouri Ahmed: arrested in South Dankalia in early 2006. 105. Mr. Wad Garray: arrested in Tesnei in April 2006. 106. Mr. Tesmgen Barhi: arrested in Tesnei in April 2006. 107. . Ms El Ganish Fesha: mother of the officer Alexander Aragi, arrested in 2006 108. Mr. Malaki Mabrahtu: arrested in Tesnei in April 2006. 109. Mr. Abdlallah El Faki: a tailor arrested in Barento in May 2006. 110. Mr. Mohammed Ibrahim Ahmed:was a commissioner of Af Hambul, then moved t Barento in May 2006. 111. Mr. Idirs Musa Kalam (Wad Barento): an owner of a tourism office. Arrested in A 112. Mr. Hamid Mahmoud Dalli: a mechanic, arrested in Barento in May 2006. THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Report by Suwera Centre for Human Rights Page 27 of 46 mhtml:file://D:\\newham\\Assenna.mht!http://asena.samai.co.uk/index.php?option=co... 04/08/2009 113. Mr. Omer Malik Baro: was a judge, arrested in Barento in May 2006. 114. Mr. Musa Osman Kheyar: arrested in Barento in May 2006. 115. Mohammed Ismail Anga: a journalist in Eritrea El haditha newspaper and painter, a 116. Mr. Salah Idris (Sinyous): a former editor-in-chief of El Nabd, the newspaper of the May 2006. 117. Mr. Hussien Musa Halab: arrested in Tesnei on 5th August 2006. 118. Omer Humad: arrested in Agordat in Dcember 2006. 119. Mr. Totai Mohammed Salih Ali: arrested in Ablet district in September 2006. 120. Mr. Hebti Tekhle Sambet: arrested in Haikuta in September 2006. 121. Mr. Omer Ali: arrested in Kellit I September 2006. 122. Mr. Abdllah Salih Nassir: arrested in Tesney in September 2006. 123. Mr. Ibrahim Abdelgader Jailani: was an officer in the Endowment Department, arr 124. Mr. Salih Osman Ali (El Rashid): from Id Ibrahim village in western Eritrea. Gradu Worked as an instructor at the Military Academy in Asmara and trainer in Sawa camp 2006. 125. Mr. Sharif Ali Idirs: arrested immediately after independace and released. Worked i Arrested in November 2006. 126. Mohammed Ali Osman Yousif (Abu Samira): worked as a commissioner for Germ late November 2006. 127. Mr. Ibrahim Mohammed Omer: worked for ruling party then for the Conderation o Arrested in late November 2006. 128. Mr. Mahmoud Haj Omer: arrested in Agordat in December 2006. 129. Mr. Yaseen Hamid: arrested in Hagat town in December 2006. 130. Mr.Omer Abu Alsadig: a former soldier, arrested in December 2006. 131. Dr. Omer El Din Ibrahim: a dentist graduated from Damscus University, arrested in 132. Mr. Ezra Agba Selassie: a merchan LIST OF PRISONERS OF CONSCIENCE in ERITREA Source http://www.farajat.net/en/archives/4001/comment-page-1#comment-5540 The vast list contains names of prisoners of conscience in Eritrea, collected from various sources and compiled by Farajat team. Please forward your comments, corrections, photos and other information related to all disappeared or imprisoned Eritreans to Farajat team. This table is searchable if you have a name in mind. Name Date Place Comments Photo Abbey Hamid Fikak 1997 Togoruba Abda Said Gindah Teacher (University Graduate) Abda Said Ismail 1996 Keren Abdu Abu Sheikh 1996 Akirmina Abdu Ibrahim Ahmed Naser (Mangus) 1997 Tessenei Abdu Idris Ali Abdu Mussa 1995 Gash Abdu Saleh March 28, 2003 Kolluku village (Ex-PFDJ member) Abdu Yasin Nuri September 2003 North Eritrea Abdul Alim Mohamed Ali Zaroum 1992 Keren Teacher Abdul Aziz Mohamed Ali Zaroum Keren Teacher Abdul Aziz Ibrahim Gameh Hamid Keren Student Abdul Aziz Osman Neberay 1994 Keren Married (with children) Abdul Kader Khalifa Bakhit 1997 Elabared Teacher (married) Abdul Karim Mohamed Zeregabir 27-09-97 Keren Businessman (married with children) Abdul Rahim Freedom fighter EPLF members of Eritrean Air Force disappeared years ago Abdul Rahim Abdulkader 1994 Asmara Teacher (married with children) Abdul Rahim Ali Mihrad Mohamed Osman 1990 Barka Abdul Rahim Mohamed Osman Dawood 11-11-1997 Oum Hajer Teacher (University Graduate) Abdul Rahman Ali Amharay 1992 Keren Teacher (University Graduate) Abdul Rahman Mohamed Defellah Abdul Raouf Abdalla 1992 Village 13 Abdul Razak Mohamed Hagos Abdul Wahab Ibrahim Gameh Keren Abdalla Abdul Rahman Dar 1994 Keren Teacher (University Graduate) Abdalla Abubaker 1998 Dabr Sala Abdalla Ali Almaday Keren Abdalla Ali Hasab Allah (Almday) 1995 Massawa Abdalla Darwish Fikak 1979 Askawin Abdalla Ibrahim Mayor of aqordat Abdalla Ibrahim Mantay 1998 Sabir Abdul Kader Hussein Shankahay Abdalla Admay Abdalla Ibrahim Mohamed Adara 10-95 Takraret Abdalla Idris Adam Sawa Abdalla Marko Dasin Previous government employee (from the Reformist group) Abdalla Mohamed Abdul kader Geleb Abdalla Mohamed Abdalla Musa 1997 Daksi Abdalla Mohamed Adam 1996 Fanke Abdalla Mohamed Adam Mahmoud 25-09-1997 Tessenei Abdalla Mohamed Ibrahim Judge Abdalla Mohamed Nour Adala 1998 Hashishay Abdalla Mohamed Salim 14-09-94 Barka Abdalla Ramadan Mohamed Nour Fayd Abdalla Saleh Mansura Teacher (University Graduate) Abdalla Sultan Elabared Abdalla Mohamed Ahmed 14-05-94 Keren Teacher Abeh Hajaj Mohamed Hamid 1995 Barka Abeh Affa Mohamed 1994 Keren Teacher (married with children) Abidin Mahmoud Dinay He was killed because he asked about his father Abraham Michael 2004 Deported From Libya Abu Fatma Idris Adam Gafatey In the past was part of ELF Militia and member of EPLF mass organization Abubakar Ali Bakhit Sayidi Ad Fake Urayb Abubakar Idris Ali Haboo Adi Haboo Abubakar Manfaot 1997 Hagat Abubakar Mohamed Ibrahim 1985 Adarde Abubakar Mohamed Noor 1994 Keren Student Abubaker Idris Humad Habu 1994 Haikota Abubaker Idris Mohamed Agbu 1995 Gafatu Abubaker Mohmed Nour Gameh 1992 Keren Teacher Abubaker Mohamed Idris Abubaker Osman Ahmed 1998 Saber Adam Adam Abdalla Radob 14-09-95 Gash Adam Ali Abdalla Musa 22-03-95 Gonya Adam Ali Abubaker 1996 Gafatu Adam Ali Bakhit 1995 Mushatit Adam Ali Musa 1995 Mushatit Adam Ali Nasib Ali Abdalla Musa 1995 Gallouj Adam Ali Nour Sifaf 1994 Keren Adam Ibrahim Gameh Keren Teacher Adam Idris Ansaba Farmer Adam Idris Omer Keren Adam Issa Humad Abdhaba 1991 Barka Adam Mahmoud Abdalla Idris Gonya Adam Mahmoud Mussa Aila Amer Farmer (married with children) Adam Mohamed Ali Kamil 07-01-94 Fanke Adam Mohamed Ibrahim Tessenei Adam Mohamed Nour Sifaf Adam Mohamed Osman Dawoud 04-01-99 Gonya Adam Mohamed Saeed Freedom fighter Adam Osman (Ad Keih) Galsa Adam Saleh Golai 1995 Ad Ibrahim Adam Saleh Adam Shanbub 1993 Duluk Adam Yaqub Adam Mohamed Omer 02-1998 Yakarih Adhanom Mengsteab Haile 2004 Deported From Libya Adru Haj Osman 1995 Haushit Afa Ibrahim 1995 Balgay /Gafatu Agad Idris Barentu Previous government employee (from the Reformist group) Ahmed Afa Mohamed Satet Shafia Ahmed Ali Burhan 06-2003 The government’s Director of Communication Eritrea’s former ambassador to Kuwait Ahmed Aldin Omer Ahmed Faraj Hamid 1997 Barket Ahmed Hamid 1995 Gafatu Ahmed Masmer Ibrahim 1994 Keren Ahmed Mohamed Adam Gary (Dalil) 1996 Um Nait Business man Ahmed Mohamed Maranat Keren Teacher Ahmed Mohamed Shawesh 1998 Sabir Ahme Musa Adam 2001 Garsat Ahmed Yaqoub Humad Aray 10-1994 Aqordat Ahmed Younis Asmara Sheikh (Muslim scholar) Aisha Shaker 12-2003 Deputy mayor of Agordat town (After a life-long exile in the Sudan) Akhlilu Solomon 07- 2003 Local stringer for the Voice of America Al Amin Haj Alnour Aqordat Business man Al Amin Hamid Karrar (balad) 1995 Aqordat Freedom fighter Al Amin Mohamed Said Arkay 1995 Al Hasen Mohamed Ibrahim Gayrab 1995 Gash Al Hassan Ibrahim 1997 Asmara (Married with children) Al Hussien Ali Hussien 1997 Gafatu Al Hussien Osman Al Hussien Sawa Alamin Badumme 28,3, 2003 Kolluku village Civilian Alamin Haj Nour 1995 Aqordat Alazar Mesfin 2002 Asmara Former PFDJ member (Disappeared at coffee break) Alhaj Mohamed Ali Humad 1996 Fanko Married with children Ali Adam Mohamed Humaddin 26-07-1997 Aqordat Ali Adam Sulaiman 1996 Garnaytat Ali Hassan Adam Azuz Keren Teacher (University Graduate) Ali Hassan Adam Idris 1992 Keren Ali Ibrahim Gamih 1994 Keren Ali Ibrahim Idrisai Ali Issa Asab city Manager Ali Mohamed Bakri Afabet Oumdurman University student (Sudan) Ali Mohamed Kheir Ibrahim 1996 Sawa Ali Mohamed Musa 09-1995 Asmara Ali Mohamed Mussa Keren Ali Mohamed Saleh 03-2002 Veteran Freedom fighter Ali Mohamed Saleh 17-01-98 Hagat Ali Osman Tulon Ex-government employee from the Reformists. Ali Said 1995 Gafatu Ali Soba 1996 Bisha Ali Alamin 10-2001 Civil servant (American embassy Asmara) Ali Alamin karrar Political analyist aressted with his co-worker kiflom Alnoor Alhasen Mohamed Nour 07-05-1998 Shankit Altayib Mohamed Faraj 1998 Bisha Alu Former government employee from the Reformists. Amanuel Abraham 2007 Sawa Camp Conscientious objection Amanuael Asrat Vice editor of Zemen Newspaper Amanuel Haile 04-2003 Elder of Eritrea’s Jehovah’s Witness community Amare 07-2003 Captain officer Ambakom Tsegezab February 2004 Sawa Camp Conscientious objection Amir Alamin Veteran Freedom fighter Amna Osman Hamid 05-01-1980 Arareb (Age 42) EPLF Mother of 2. Andom Tewelde 2004 Asmara Deported From Libya Andrea Galla March 28, 2003 Kolluku village (Representative PFDJ regime in the village) Araha Osman 1996 Ad Takhlai Aron Abraha 9-03-2001 Sawa Camp Conscientious objection Aroy (Tesfamichael) Hagos Msgun 2004 Deported From Libya Assanay Mohamed Ali Tigre Dagsi Asfaha Haile 2-12-2008 Meitir Camp Aster Fithathion 09-2001 Former PFDJ member Aster Yohannes 11-12-2003 Asmara Airport the wife of Petros Solomon, a member of the “G-15” Ausheek Abdalla 1996 Hadish Ausheek Mohamed Adam Humed 1995 Gafatu Ausheek Mohamed Ali Humed 1994 Sawa Awet 2004 Deported From Libya Awet Andemariam 28-7-2009 4th Police Station Religious meeting; wife of Natnael Ghebreyesus and mother of Yocabed Natnael Ghebreyesus Awet Hailesselasie 2004 Deported From Libya Ayoub Adam Idris 1997 Hashishay Azieb Gebremeskel 2004 Asmara Deported From Libya Bakhit Adam Mahmoud 1994 Shagalgal Bakhit Mohamed Noor Galaydos Geleb Barakhi Gebre Sellasie 09-2001 Former PFDJ member (reformer) Berhane Gebrezgabiher 09-2001 Former PFDJ member (reformer) Bemnet Fessehaye February2005 Sawa Camp Conscientious objection Berakhi Zerahans Berhe 2004 Deported From Libya Bereket Abraha July 8, 2008 Meitir Camp Bereket Abraha Oqbagabir January 1, 2006 Sawa Camp Conscientious objection Berhe Musa 2004 Deported From Libya Berhe Siyum 2004 Deported From Libya Berhe Tesfamariam “Wedi Mariano” 11-2003 Eritrea’s head of the Water Supply Department. This is the second term for “Wedi Mariano”: he had been released in 1994. Betweded Abraha 04-1992 Freedom fighter EPLF members of Eritrean Air Force Beyene Abraham October 23, 2008 Meitir Camp Berhane Gebretsadiq Former PFDJ member (reformer) Berhane Kidane Former PFDJ member (reformer) Biniam Hagos 2004 Deported From Libya Bisirat Yemane Former Consul in Germany Cheway Mohamed Ansaba 14-05-1996 Dahba Bate March 28, 2003 Kolluku village, (Female, civilian) Danbay Omer Mohamed Abud 1995 Haikota Dawit Habtemikael Vice editor of Meqalih Newspaper Dawet Issaq 2001 Journalist - Satit Newspaper Dawit Freedom fighter EPLF members of Eritrean Air Force disappeared years ago Dawit Habte Mikael Dawit Isaak 2001 Swedish Eritrean - his family in Gothenburg (Sweden) did not hear from him or have any information and about what he is accused. Dawod Ali Idrisay 20-08-1995 Aqordat Debesay Kidane 2003 Keren (civilian) Dejen Andehishel A pilot within Eritrean Airforce Desta Msgun Ketema 1982 Deray (Akhrur) He was a farmer and was supporting his kids, mother and father and his wife died the year before his arrest. Nobody knows why he was arrested or what happened to him. Dinya Khamus Former government member (reformer) Dinya Shangaray Former government member (reformer) Dirar Saleh Radee Geleb Diyma Mohamed Ali Osman Ismail 1996 Awgaro Efrem Gabrekhrstos Governor (North-west Asmara) Ermias Ashgedom July 11, 2008 Meitir Camp Ermias Debessay (“Papayo”) 15-03-2003 After serving a six-year sentence, was re-arrested. Also arrested with him was his sister. Essa Tahir Haj Humad 6-1996 Habarda Estifanos Siyum 09-2001 Ex-PFDG Member (reformer) Fakey Ahmed Adem AlGaden Faisel Osman 2002 Galouj Faiza Seid June 28, 2009 Meitir Camp Religious meeting Fanus Haile 2004 Deported From Libya Faraj Abubaker Haj Amharay Keren Teacher Faraj Hassan Faraj Markab 1995 Dagrey Farmer (married with children) Faraj Dawoud 1996 Sakab Faraj Humad Gebre 1985 Adarde Faraj Idris Faraj Hamda 1992 Galouj Faraj Mahmoud Cheway 17-01-98 Hagat Faraj Mohamed Ali Ahmed Hashishay Farha Osman Idris Arey 1995 Gash Colonel Fiory 06-2003 Chief of Godaif Police Station Fissaye Mikael 1995 Hagat Fissahaye Yohanis Setit Newspaper - Journalist Fitzum Wedi Ade ELF freedom fighter Fiyori 2004 Deported from Libya Freweini Berhe 2004 Deported from Libya Frezgi Teklezgi Okubamichael 2004 Deported from Libya Fortuna 2004 Deported from Libya Foad Mohamed Omer 2004 Deported from Libya Futsum Berhane 2004 Deported from Libya Futsum Tewelde 2004 Deported from Libya Gabar Mohamed Nour Adala 1997 Hashishay Gebre Hiwet Galta Gabrelul Andethion Former PFDJ member (reformer) Gameh Idris Ali Geleb Gameh Ibrahim Ali 1994 Keren University Graduate Gateen Humad Dary Balgay Gebray Aklilu 05-18 -2002 Hagaz 1st National Service. Gebre Berhan Gebre Berhan Zarai Freedom fighter Gebre Hiwet Keleta Journalist Gebre Teclia Lijam 1985 Beleu He was ELF militia head, after the conspiracy of EPLF and TPLF, he was imprisoned around the beginning of 1982, then he was released. Again after the release after 3 weeks visited his sibling in Keren, where he was imprisoned again. Ghebrehiwet Ghebremichael August 22, 2008 Meitir Camp General Bitweded Gerezgehar Haile 2004 Deported From Libya Germano Nati 09-2001 Former PFDJ member (reformer) Giday 2004 Deported from Libya Giramatu Anati 09-2001 Former PFDJ member (reformer) Girmay Araya 02-04-2001 Asmara Civil Servant Girmay Woldu 2004 Deported from Libya Goitom Aradom August 8, 2008 Meitir Camp father of Misghana Goitom Aradom Goitom Gebrekristos July 11, 2008 Meitir Camp Gummah Ibrahim Ali 1994 Keren Teacher (married with children) Habte Mariam Freedom fighter Habte Ouqbaldet Lijam 03-1982 Beleu ex-ELF, since day one we do not have any information like his cousins Gebre and Habtom T. Lijam Habtemichael Mekonnen July 17, 2008 Meitir Camp Habtemichael Tesfamariam August 8, 2008 Meitir Camp Habtezion Hadgu 18-06-2003 Asmara Commander in chief and he was the personal Pilot of the President. First he was arrested on the 18th of February then released on the 1st of May again was arrested on the 18th of June 2003 Habtom Megsteab Tesfay 2004 Deported from Libya Habtom Teclia Lijam 08-1987 Beleu Since they day he was arrested no one knows his whereabouts, the same also goes to his brother. Hadas 04-2003 Elder of Eritrea’s Jehovah’s Witness community Hagay Amis Hailat Kifle Kifle 2004 Deported from Libya Haile Naizgi 23-05-2004 Asmara Haile Woldetinsae (Duruh) 09-2001 Former PFDJ member (reformer) Haj Alhabib Mohamed Osman Yussef Aqordat Business man Haj Alhabib Omer 1996 Aqordat Haj Ali Saeed Balgay Haj Idris Kable 1985 Ad rana Haj Suleiman Mohamed Karrar 1997 Yakare Hajaj Ahmed (and his Son) Latasba Hajaj Omer Aftay Freedom fighter Hakay Ames Former PFDJ member (reformer) Haleqa Mebrahtu 04-2003 An intelligence officer was arrested without charges. Hamid 2001 Asmara journalist, Eritrean TV Hamid “wedi Sheikh” 11-2003 Colonel former Police Chief, picked up from his residence Hamid Abubaker Younis Keren University Graduate Hamid Adam Abdul Kader 1994 Gafatu Hamid Adam AbdulKader Alhaya 1995 Haikota Hamid Adam Ali gary 1997 Haikota Hamid Anga 14-05-1996 Haikota Hamid Himid 09-2001 Former PFDJ member (reformer) Hamid Ibrahim Gemih 1994 Keren Teacher Hamid Ibrahim Suleiman 1997 Barka Hamid Idris Abdul Kader 1997 Barka Hamid Idris Mohamed Ismail Sawa Hamid Mohamed Al Gaden Hamid Mohamed (Ad faki Eraib) 1994 Shakat Hamid Mohamed Ali Abilo 1997 Shalab Hamid Mohamed Idris Ad Fake Urayb Hamid Mohamed Idris Hamid 1996 Gafatu Hamid Mohamed Omer Musa 1996 Aqordat Hamid Mohamed Said 02- 2002 Eri-TV government news media Hamid Mohamed Said Hamid 02-1996 Ad Humad Iswar Hamid Omer Ibrahim Ismail 1997 Hashishai Hamid Omer Khalifa 06-1997 Tessenei Hamid Ramad Hamid Said 1998 Gash Hamid Said Garfa 1995 Gafatu Hamid Suleiman Gemih 1998 Sabir Dangen Hassen Bagi 1996 Gindah Teacher Hassen Hiyabo Hassen Ibrahim Abdullah 1995 Gash Hassen Keykeya Business man Hassen Mohamed Omer Abdullah 1995 Keren Hassen Mohamed Shum Hashim Bashir 07-2002 Journalist Hashim Gayo Tonga Hassan Abul Rahman Dirar Keren Teacher University Graduate Hassan Mohamed Said 1993 Gindah Hassan Mohamed Said Shumai 1994 Gindah Hassan Osman Mahmoud Geleb Hassan Saleh Abdalla Keren Teacher Hassen 11-2003 Colonel Asmara Police Chief Hazot Hamid Ukud 1992 Keren Helen 2004 Deported From Libya Henok 2004 Deported From Libya Henok Ghebru February 2005 Sawa Camp Conscientious objection Humad Absaeeda Hajay 1998 Gash Humad Adam Abu Fatima Haikota Humad Mahmoud Assenay Mohamed 1996 Fanke Humad Mohamed Abdul Kader 1998 Gash Humed Adam Aqub 02-08-1985 Geleb Humed Al Deen 1997 Obel Humed Ali Hussein Humad 1996 Hambul Humed Hassen Khairai 1995 Hussien Abdul Rahman Abdalla Hussien Abdul Rahman Dar Keren University teacher Graduate from Baghdad Hussien Abdullah Ahmed Dirar Keren Teacher Hussein Ali Noor Dirrar 1994 Keren Teacher Hussein Bage 1996 Gindah Teacher (married with children) Hussien Hankin Mahmud Geleb Married with children Hussein Mohamed Shum Saeed 1995 Asmara Teacher University of Asmara Hussein Sharif Mohamed 06-1996 Mogolu Ibrahim Adam Egaylay 1993 Aqordat Business man Ibrahim Adam Hadrbay 1998 Dabir Sala Ibrahim Agam Aqordat Business man Ibrahim Ahmed 2002 Asmara Police Security Officer Ibrahim Ali Hamid Askul 1996 Gafatu Ibrahim Ali Ibrahim Adi Kayeh Ibrahim Ali Kheir 1984 Engarne Ibrahim Ali Osman Ahmed 1998 Tessenei Ibrahim Gameh 1994 Keren Ibrahim Gameh Hamid Keren Ibrahim Hajj Idris 1995 Galah Married with children Ibrahim Hajj Idris Ahmed 1992 Kassala Ibrahim Hamid Ali 1997 Saba Ibrahim Idris Anarne 1995 Aqordat Ibrahim Idris Mohamed Ali 1997 Angasha Ibrahim Igelay 1993 Aqordat Ibrahim Mahmud Ali Nafie 1995 Matkal Abet Married with children Ibrahim Mohamed Abubaker 19977 Rora maria Ibrahim Mohamed Adem Omer 1998 Ad Hadrbai Ibrahim Mohamed Ali Osman Mantay 1995 Matkal Abet Married with children Ibrahim Mohamed Bakhit 1985 Adarde Ibrahim Mohamed Bakhit Malik 1992 Keren Teacher - University graduate Ibrahim Mohamed Hamid Daksi-Mansura Ibrahim Mohamed Ibrahim 1996 Former ELF Freedom fighter Ibrahim Mohamed Mahmud Veteran fighter Ibrahim Mohamed Omer Mohamed 12-1997 Aqordat Ibrahim Mohamed Said Bieimnat Geleb Ansaba Ibrahim Mohamed Wad Garbil 1996 Ad Humad Arrey Ibrahim Naser Janger Asmara Teacher Ibrahim Nasheh Hayli Ankanil 1994 Nalay Teacher Nalay Teacher Ibrahim Osman Faraj Hamdu 1992 Ibrahim Saeed 07-2003 Director General for Relief and Logistics in the Eritrean Relief and Refugee Commission (ERREC). Ibrahim Saleh Hassan 1995 Aqordat Ibrahim Ali Osman 13-08-1998 ELF freedom fighter Idris 11-2003 Chief Engineer of Gash-Barka’s regional government Idris Abdallah Nashe 1992 Galouj Idris Ab-arre Former PFDJ member (reformer) Idris Adam Blenay 10-1995 Galouj Idris Adam Cheway 05-1997 Hambul Idris Adam Ibrahim Ali Mohamed 1995 Maryet Idris Ali Haboo 1998 Fagarat Idris Ali Hagu 1981 Gafatu Idris Arey Saed Keren Idris Assanai 1996 Hushaik Idris Barghe 1996 Keren Idris Bura April 2003 Higher Bimbila, Kunama region, Idris Faraj Said 1994 Keren Idris Hamid Fikak Sawa Idris Hamid Hajaj 05-1998 Ad Saaddin Idris Hamid Hussien 1997 Rura Habab Idris Hasen Abdullah 02-1998 Aqordat Idris Haylis Geleb Idris Ismail Hadrbay 1998 Dabr Sala Idris Ismail Humad 1998 Dabr Sala Idris Kilaite (Kitab) 1994 Galouj Idris Mahmud Saaddin 1990 Shalab Idris Mohamed Abdul kader Baltoobeyay Idris Mohamed Abdullah Shagay 1995 Balgay/Sawa/awgaro Idris Mohamed Ali Ahmed Darir 1996 Fanku Idris Mohamed Humad 1998 Dabr Sala Idris Mohamed Humad 1997 Fanku Idris Mohamed Ismail Hamid Sawa Idris Mohamed Saed Abdullah 1992 Keren teacher Idris Muduy 1994 Keren Business man Idris Omer Osman Tahir 1985 Shilab Idris Osman Abdullah Rora Maria Farmer Idris Osman Mahmud 08-1997 Ingarne Idris Said Abaray 10-2001 Former PFDJ member (reformer) Idris Saeday 1994 Keren Teacher (married with children) Idris Saied Abarah 10-2001 Idris Saied Ali Abdu Keren Idris Saied Mohamed Ali Abarah Keren Teacher Idris Saleh Idris Ayla 25-10 -94 Barka Idris Saleh Mohamed Adam Rora Maria Farmer (married ) Idris Saleh Mohamed Mantay 25-10--94 Barka Idris Shah Mahmud Hamid 1994 Aqordat Idris Shakay Keren Idris Shati 1994 Ad Faki 1991 Gash Idris Shiya Mahmud 1991 Gash Idris Zamzami 02-08-1985 Geleb/Mansa Conscientious objection Imbaye Hadaro Isaac Mogos September 24, 1994 Sawa Camp 34 Years Conscientious objection Isaias Afeworki June 28, 2009 Meitir Camp Religious meeting Isayas Radee Ex-PFDJ Member Ismail Abdullah Idris Mohamed Ali 02-1998 Hambul Ismail Alhaj Alfeel Algadain Ismail Humed Tahir 1996 t Barket Ismail Mohamed Idris Osman 1994 Asmara Student (single) Ismail Mohamed Osman 1997 Hashishay Ismail Wadalsheikh Haj Bakhit 1996 Sawa Ismail Zarai Hagat Issa Tahir Haj Humad 06-1996 Habrda Jaber Hamid Ukud 1994 Keren Business man (married with children) Jaber Idris 2002 Asmara (Business man) Jabir Hasen 28-09-1997 Keren Jabir Hussien 1994 Keren Jabir Ismail Abdu Mahmud Jemal 2004 Deported From Libya Jemal Mohamed Noor Kafil Adam Kafil 2000 Aqordet (Civil servant) Karrar Adam Alamin 08-1996 Habrda Karrar Mohamed Ibrahim Keren Karrar Saleh 1995 Gafatu Katin Humad Direy Balkay Katin Ibrahim 1995 Gafatu Keir Hamid Said 1995 Gafanu Keir Ibrahim 1995 Gafanu Kerba Abdu Al-Amin 1992 Mansura (Age 45) After independence she went to Mansura to make small buiseness and get bread for her children. Accused of supporting Mujahidin. Since her imprisonment no one knows her whereabouts. Khadija Gayo Tonga Khair Hamid Said Balgay Khatin Hamid 1995 Gafanu Kibreab Fessehaye December 27, 2005 Sawa Camp Conscientious objection Kidane Gebreab Former PFDJ member (reformer) Kidane Zemlu Meaasho 01-1990 Beleu (Age 77) cousins Gebre T., Habte O. & Habtom T. Lijam Kiflom Gebre Mikael 10-2001 Civil servant (American embassy Asmara ) Kiflu (Civil servant) co-worker Ali Alamin Karrar -detainee Kiflu Gebremeskel 23-05-2004 Asmara Dr Pastor of the Eritrean Full Gospel Church Kiros manager Kiros Awer Former PFDJ member (reformer) Kisha Mohamed Ali Kisha 1992\\ 93 Barka Kisha Mohamed Osman Dawud 05-12-1997 Um hajer Kubub Ali Noor Mohamed Said Saydna 22-03-1996 Augaro Kubub Ali Noor Mohamed Said Saydna 22-03-1996 Augaro Kubud Ali 1997 Fanke Kubud Ali Idris 1994 Fanke Dr. Kuflom Gabre Masgal 23-05-2004 Priest Kuri Galii April 2003 Bimbila village, Kunama region, (District Officer) Kurub Ali Noor Mohamed Said 1997 Garnafat Liya Hidru June 28, 2009 Meitir Camp 4th Police Station Religious meeting. Wife of Tewoldemedhin Habtezion; mother of Yamin Tewoldemedhin Madhine Hayle Madhiney Berhe Vice editor of Keste Debena Newspaper Magi Ashku March 28, 2003 Kolluku village, (Local Administrator) Mahmoud Ahmed Sherifo 19-09-2001 Member of “G-15,” Eritrea’s former \"local governments chief\" Mahmud Alhaj Mussa Mahmud 1995 Gindah Business man (married with children) Mahmud Ali Aqordat Mahmud Ali Jameh 1994 Keren Teacher (single) Mahmud Ali Noor Amir 1994 Keren Teacher Mahmud bayne 28-09-1997 Hagat Mahmud Beney 1997 Business man (married with children) Mahmud Dinay 1995 Representative of the \"war veterans\" and leader of \"zone 1\" in the 60's and before his arrest was the leader of Barka parliament. Mahmud Hasen Ibrahim 1998 Hagat Mahmud Hassan Tasse Keren Business man (married with children) Mahmud Ibrahim Saleh 1997 Barka Mahmud Idris Abdullah Mahmud Idris Barakati Keren Mahmud Idris Mahmud Adam 1997 Obel Mahmud Khalid 1995 Aqordat city municipal manager Mahmud Khalid Ali Gayte 15-10-1995 Aqordat Civil servant in Aqordat city municipal Mahmud Mohamed Abubaker Halhal Mahmud Mohamed Humed Belanay 15-10-1995 Aqordat Mahmud Mohamed Mahmud 1997 Dagsi Mahmud Mohamed Mahmud 1996 Ad Fayed Mahmud Mussa Mahmud 1995 Gindah Merchant - married - father Mahmud Saleh Hamid 1996 Barka Mahmud Sulaiman Mariam Shakay Marko Toba Former PFDJ member (reformer) Matheowos Habte-ab Asmara Journalist chief /editor of Mekalih Matios Habtab Matuk Ali 1995 Gafatu Matuk Mohamed Ali Balgay Maybotat Osman Hasrey 1984 Ansaba Farmer (married with children) hy he is arrested. Mebrahtom Kidane 2004 Deported From Libya Mebrahtu (Haleqa) Ghebremedhin Tsegazghi 03-2003 Asmara GOE Major Major Mebrahtu Ghebremdhin was a police officer at the Eritrean Police head quarter (Agip). Since the day he was arrested no one knows his whereabouts, and no one knows where he arrested. Mebrahtu Haile 2004 Deported From Libya Meharena Haile Kahsay 1985 Megoraib-Barka (Age 42) EPLF freedom fighter Merh Senay 2004 Deported From Libya Merhawit Tadesse June 28, 2009 Meitir Camp Religious meeting Mesgina Gebretinsai July 10, 2008 Meitir Camp Mesgina Semereab Adi-Abeito Michael Hagos 2004 Deported From Libya Michael Tewelde 2004 Deported From Libya Micheal Zeray 2004 Deported From Libya Milen June 28, 2009 Meitir Camp Religious meeting Minia Mengsteab Haile 2004 Deported From Libya Miriam Hagos 2002 Asmara GOE Head of cinima Misghana Goitom Aradom June 28, 2009 Meitir Camp Religious meeting; daughter of Goitom Aradom Mogos Gebremeskel July 3, 2008 Serejjeka Mohamed 2003 Asmara Second name not known\", (Sudanese National) Accused of an assassination attempt against the Eritrean president Mohamed Abdullah Mohamed Mandil 1996 Mohamed Abdullah Shamala Adam 1984 Ingarne Mohamed Adala Sulaiman Matuq 09-1998 Hashala Mohamed Adam Ali Mohamed Barge 1997 May shri Mohamed Adam Bani Sanafe Mohamed Adam Duwed 1994 Keren Member of parliament Mohamed Adam Hamed Abdullah 1999 Ludada Mohamed Adam Hamed Kadmay Habroo Mohamed Adam Idris Hamed Habib Habroo Mohamed Adam Idris Mujauray 10-1994 Barka Mohamed Adam Mujauray 1996 Agdub Mohamed Adam Sheikh Aldin Mohamed Adam Waikah 1996 Atalut Mohamed Ahmed Idris Abdulkader Hagat Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed Ali Yaqub 1996 Adarde Mohamed Ahmed Omer Akley Faluj Mohamed Ahmed Osman Noor 1998 Sabir Farmer Mohamed Ahmed Osman Saleh ali Harkuk Farmer Mohamed Ali Gabar 1998 Sabir Mohamed Ali Haj Hamid Mansura Member of Masjid committee Mohamed Ali Haramaytay Kidnapped from Port Sudan before dependence Mohamed Ali Hassen 14/ 04/ 1992 Keren Mohamed Ali Humad 1996 Fanke Mohamed Ali Idris Tiyta 1997 Admajauri Mohamed Ali Kubud 1997 Ansaba Mohamed Ali Mohamed Abdullah 1996 Hagat Mohamed Ali Mohamed Issa Idris 1996 Fanku Mohamed Ali Mohamed Mussa Harkuk village Council member Mohamed Ali Mohamed Osman Gameh 1988 Hagat Mohamed Ali Musa Gindah (married with children) 1995 Barka Mohamed Ali Noor Izaz Mohamed Amer Al Haj Osman 1996 Gindah married with children Mohamed Dayer 1994 Galouj Mohamed Dawud Mohamed Osman Dawud 05-01-1999 Gowna Mohamed Duwash Humad 1996 Hambul Mohamed Fayd Tonga Mohamed gameh Ibrahim 1994 Keren Mohamed gameh Osman Ali Ibrahim 1993 Ansaba Mohamed Hagos Ibrahim Mohamed Haj Ahmed Hamed Keren Mohamed Hamid Abubaker Yunis Keren Mohamed Hamid Hazot 1994 Keren Mohamed Hamid Osman Hakin 1992 Keren Teacher Mohamed Hasen Adam Ali Humad 07-1997 Adarde Mohamed Hasen Ibrahim 1997 Keren Mohamed Hussien Humad 1996 Fanke Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla Mansoura Mohamed Ibrahim Abdullah Adam 1996 Tahare Mohamed Ibrahim Adam 1995 Garuh Mohamed Ibrahim Bakhit Adam 1984 Ingarne Mohamed Ibrahim Idris 1994 Mansoura Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed 1995 Aqordat Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Bakhit 1989 Ad rana Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Osman Ukud 1996 Mansoura Mohamed Ibrahim Osman Shedali 1992 Mansoura Institution Director Mohamed Ibrahim Said Saleh 01-1998 Hambul Mohamed Idris Adam Sawa Mohamed Idris Adam Bayd 1997 Fanku Mohamed Idris Mahmud Affabet University student Mohamed Idris Mahmud Adam Alhaya 1990 Kiro Mohamed Idris Mahmud Saad aldin Keren Mohamed Idris Mohamed Abdullah 1995 Tahare Mohamed Idris Mohamed Mahmud Marki 1998 Haikota Mohamed Idris Mohamed Saed 1994 Keren Teacher (married with children) Mohamed Idris Said Ali Noor Tamaryam Mohamed Ismaiel Humad 1998 Dabir Sala Mohamed Jaber Omer Galouj Mohamed Kantibay Mahamed Ali Noor Tribe chief Mohamed Karay Algadain Mohamed Khair Abdul Kader Wah 1989 Lakata Mohamed Khair Mussa 1996 Keren A previous leading member of the \"Revolutionary Committee\" and before his arrest he was an administrator ib the Asmatt zone (rora maria) Mohamed Mohamed Ali Bahduray 1995 Matkal Abet Farmer (married with children) Mohamed Mohamed ( Markab ) 1998 Gafate Mohamed Mahmud Omer Abuhaker Keren Mohamed Maranet Keren Mohamed Maranet Nussur Mohamed Marwan Nussur 1991 Keren Mohamed Musa Humed Tita 1992 Ali Gidir Mohamed Noor Abdu 1994 Keren Teacher (married with children) Mohamed Noor Abrara Mohamed Noor Ali 1997 Rora Maria Mohamed Noor Ali Bakhit Keren Teacher Mohamed Noor Mohamed Garneit 1994 Keren Mohamed Noor Mohamed Idris 1996 Ad Raka Sasal Mohamed Noor Shum Civil servant Mohamed Omer 2000 Aqordet (Civilian) Accused of having connections with the opposition Mohamed Omer Hamid Mohamed Rues 1995 Shagla Mohamed Omer Ismail 1995 Keren Graduated from Al Azhar Alsharif (Egypt) Mohamed Omer Mohamed 1994 Keren Teacher Mohamed Osman Keren Teacher Uni Graduated Mohamed Osman 11-2003 Secretary of Gash-Barka regional assembly Mohamed Osman Abdul Rahman Idris Mohamed Osman Abdullah Mahmud Karrar 1997 Yakarih Mohamed Osman Adam Ali Noor 1994 Keren Mohamed Osman Adem Keren Teacher Mohamed Osman Ahmed 1995 Al Gaden Mohamed Osman Ali Noor Siffaf Mohamed Osman Dair 1995 Asmara Freedom fighter Mohamed Osman Gameh Himbira Keren Teacher Mohamed Osman Gameh Mohamed 1994 Keren Mohamed Osman Hasab Alnabi Keren Teacher University graduate Mohamed Osman Mohamed Hasab Allah 1994 Keren Mohamed Osman Numan 02-08-1985 Geleb/Mansa Mohamed Osman Saleh Gameh 1994 Keren Teacher Mohamed Radee Bariyay Geleb Mohamed Saed Abdul Rahim Hassan 1994 Asmara Teacher (married with children) Mohamed Saed Ibrahim Turkiy 1995 MatkalAbet Teacher (married with children) Mohamed Saed Saleh Humad Mohamed Said Abdallah Asmara Mohamed Said Abdallah 1993 Gindah Mohamed Said Abdul Rahim Mohamed Said Mahamed Noor 1996 Gindah (Married with children) Mohamed Said Saleh Ahmed 1994 Keren Mohamed Said Shumai 2002 Gindah Mohamed Saleh Hamid Mussa Ad Ra-dee Mohamed Saleh Mahmud 1995 Aqordat Mohamed Saleh Mohamed Tagir 1995 Barka Mohamed Saleh Osman Mahamed Ali Keren Mohamed Sheik Adam Bakhit 1994 Keren Teacher DR. Mohamed Shum Saed 2002 Asmara City Power Officer PHD from Italy (married with children) Mohamed Tahir Adam Gabar 1996 Sawa Mohamed Tahir Haj Amer 1992 Hawashet Mohamed Tahir Hamid Ukud 1992 Keren Teacher (married with children) Mohamed Tahir Idris Teacher Graduated from African Int. University (Asmara) Mohamed Tamal Adam 1985 Adarde Mohamed Yaqub Mohamed Yaqub 1993 Hawashet Mohamed Yassin Mohamed Yihya Ali 02-08-1985 Geleb/Mansa Mohamed Yihya Osman Mohamed Hagos Ibrahim Assus Teacher Mohamed Said Abdul Rahim Musa Adamati April 2003 Bibilna district (Chief Clerk) Musa Ali Mohammed October 2003 Northern Territory, Accused of having connection with the opposition Musa Humad Gameh 1989 Gash Musa Ibrahim Faraj Allah 1996 Keren Musa Ibrahim Mahmud Akele Guzai ex-memeber of ELF Musa Ibrahim Mohamed Yaqub 1993 Hawashet Musa Mohamed Habat 1985 Ansaba Business man (married with children) Musa Raki 1994 Shafai Musie Debsay Filipos 2004 Deported From Libya Musie Paulos December 23, 2008 Meitir Camp Mussa Faraj Allah Mussie Fessehaye June 2003 Sawa Camp Conscientious objection Mustapha Abdul Hadi Naffe Ibrahim Naffe 1994 Keren Teacher MP (married with children) Naffe Said Idris Keren Naser Abdellah Naser Auta Bus Owner, Driver Nasir Aldin Osman Omer Khalifa 04-10-1977 Tessenai Natnael Ghebreyesus August 6, 2008 5th Police Station husband of Awet Andemariam and father of Yocabed Natnael Ghebreyesus Naud Mahmud Naud Keren Teacher Neamn Tekie Deres 04-02-2001 (Age 54) Negassi 2004 Deported From Libya Negede Teklemariam September 24, 1994 Sawa Camp Conscientious objection Nehemiah Hagos August 26, 2008 Meitir Camp Conscientious objection Nurai Idarbe Mohamed Abubaker 05-1997 Hambul Omer Abdullah Karrar 1997 Yarkih Omer Hamid Cheway 1997 Barket Omer Hamid Mahmud 10-1994 Barka Omer Hamid Mohamed 1997 Barka Omer Humed Ismail ( Omer Sharif ) 1997 Hambul Omer Ibrahim Jahray Habroo Omer Mohamed Abdullah 1993 Galouj Omer Mohamed Abdullah Ali 20-06-1993 Tessenei Omer Mohamed Ali Ahmed 1994 Shanget Omer Osman Omer 1996 Gash Oqbe Abraha 2001 Asmara GOE General Osman Abdulnoor Gindah Teacher Uni. Graduated Osman Adam Kheir Nasur 1995 Tessenei Osman Ahhu Member of parliament Osman Ali Al Gadayn He was a leader of \"united organization\" Osman Ali Amharay 1993 Keren Osman Ali Gameh Izaz 1994 Keren Teacher Osman Ali Mohamed Abdullah 1997 Rora Habab Osman Ali Osman Thagar Teacher Arrested before dependence Osman Dair Keren Osman Dinay Humad Idris 1983 Anbalayt Osman Gaber Adam Sheikh Hagat member of the village council Osman Gegaer Kidnapped from Sudan (Port Sudan) Osman Haj Saleh 1994 Barka Osman Hamid Adu 1995 Awgaro Osman Ibrahim 1996 Gindah Teacher Osman Ibrahim 1996 Keren Osman Ibrahim Abdul Noor 1996 Keren Osman Ibrahim Bakhit 2003 Afabet (Civilian) Accused of having connection with the opposition Osman Idris Adam Fikak 1996 Gafatu Osman Idris Saad 1995 Gafatu Osman Mahmud Sulaiman 1996 Akirmina Osman Mohamed Adam Mohamed Humed 15-12-1997 Ingarne Osman Mohamed Ahmed Osman Mohamed 1995 Barka Osman Mohamed Ali 1998 Affabet Teacher Osman Mohamed Ali 1997 Sabat Osman Mohamed Ali Adem Gadem Keren Graduated from Oumdurman University Osman Mohamed Ali Alsheikh Mustafa 1999 Adsaydna Mustafa Osman Mohamed Hamid Keren Osman Mohamed Hamid 1995 Sabat Osman Mohamed Ibrahim 1998 Gafate Osman Mussa 1998 Dabir Sala Osman Naziyfay Gargaf Osman Omer Ali 1996 Sawa Osman Omer Almaday Keren Osman Saleh Anga 14-05-1996 Ad Humad Esur Osman Saleh Hamid Keren Graduated from Baghdad Osman Saleh Harib 1997 Barka Osman Ulum Abdulkader Gafate Osman Wadru Ibrahim Sawa Osman Mohamed Osman 1995 Keren (Age34) Teacher Refugee Returnee from Sudan Paulos Eyassu September 24,1994 Sawa Camp Conscientious objection Petros Selemun 09-2001 Former PFDJ member (reformer) Radee Mabrahtu Geleb Ramadan Adam Abdulla 1985 Aqordat Ramadan Hamid Raki 1994 Keren Ramadan Raki 1994 Keren Gold smith (married with children) Ramadan Saleh Tabaldia Repatriated by UN from Sudan Saad Ibrahim Ismail Halhal Sadig Khair Idris Balgay Sahle Tsegazeab Wedi Itay 10-2001 Asmara GOE He was Head of the Civil Actions (Non-Criminal Cases) Department in in the Attorney General's Office. He disappeared while he was preparing to depart to South Africa for scholarship, probably as a result of several articles he wrote in newspapers during the short period of \"free\" press. Said Adbul Kader Chief editor of Admas Newspaper Said Ali Bakhit 1994 Ad Fake Arib Said Badar Gindah Teacher Said Birar 1996 Keren Said Mohamed Takush 1995 Saiday Abdullah Kakush 1995 Barka Saiday Omar 1996 Sakab Saiday Omar Abubaker Algash Saiday Sulaiman Mohamed Ali 1996 Ad Saadeen Saidia Ahmed 02-2002 Eri-TV government news media Salahaddin Omer Abdul kadir Saleh Abubaker Adam Bayud 1997 Harum Saleh Adem Haj Ibrahim 1995 Aila Amer Farmer Arrested (married with children) Saleh Adem Khayer Mansura Chief executive Saleh Al Jezaeeri 02-2002 The Voice of the Broad Masses radio station. Saleh Ali Iman 1995 Awgaro Saleh Ali Mohamed Idrisay 1995 Galouj Saleh Ali Sheik 15/05/03 Asmara Airport - Accused of having connection with the opposition Saleh Asbro 1999 Balkay Saleh Gaber Adam Chewai Omer 1996 Fanku Saleh Guduf Affabet Saleh Hussien Mohamed Ahmed 1998 Gash Saleh Ibrahim Gamil 1994 “Dage Adatba” Kidnapped from Kasala-Sudan Saleh Ibrahim Mohamed Fakir 1996 Akbirmina Saleh Idris ( jazaeri ) 2002 Former PFDJ member (reformer) Saleh Idris Mohamed Shangab 1995 Galouj Saleh KeKiya 09-2001 Former Minister - PFDJ member (G-15 reformer) Saleh Mahmud Saleh 1993 Gindah Saleh Mahmud Shirey 1996 Gindah worker - secondary school (father to a child) Saleh Mohamed Ali Ati Sawa Saleh Mohamed Humed Musa 12-08-1997 Haikota Saleh Mohamed Idris Abu Ajaj 15-10-1995 Aqordat He was from the Eritrean veteran fighters and vice president of zone 1 during the 60's. Saleh Mohamed Keylay Harkuk Teacher Saleh Osman Haikota Former PFDJ member Saleh Osman Aray 28-09-1995 Aqordat Former member of the 'revolutionary committee\" organization. Also he was the governor of mansoura prior to his arrest. Saleh Saed Mahamed Idris Keren Saleh Sullaiman Halfa Shaeb gadgad Teacher Veteran fighter Saleh Kekiya ELF freedom fighter Samuael Adam Former PFDJ member Samuel Ghirmay March 2009 Meitir Camp Conscientious objection Sanet Romodan A. 15/05/03 Asmara Airport, (Wife of Saleh Ali Sheik - detainee) Sedig M. Ahmed 2003 Asmara (Sudanese National) Selam 1 2004 Deported From Libya Selam 2 2004 Deported From Libya Selamyinghes Beyene 2001 Meqaleh Newspaper Semere Secretary to former Minister of Fisheries (and now arrested) Petros Solomon Semere Bayane Vice president of the southern province Semere Negussega December 22, 2008 Meitir Camp Senait Debessay 15-03-2003 A mother of four. Seyoum Tsehaye 09-2001 Freelance photographer Shabi Bashai Haikota Former PFDJ member Shakan Hamid Shakan Idris 1997 Hagat Sharif Adam Sharif Al Gadaen Sharif Ali Karrar Algadain Sharif Kaytor Diraf Sharif Mahmud Mahed Sadiq 1998 Girmayka Sheikh Mohamed Hamed Said Balgay Shibot Ali 1995 Balgay Shukur Kantibay Mahamed Ali Noor Tribe chief Shum Saleh Yacub Wakiro Massawa Teacher Chief of Mashalit samhar trirbe Simon Tsegay 2004 Deported From Libya Simret Seyoum, 01-2002 Editor of \"Setit\" newspaper and he was arrested on 6 January 2002 near the Sudanese border as he was trying to flee to the Sudan. Siydi Bakhit Madani 1995 Gafatu Siyum Tesfay 2004 Solomon Habtom 11- 2002 His wife, Asgedet Semere, was released from jail since 11- 2002. Solomun Kebede 2004 Deported From Libya Suad 2002 Journalist Sulaiman Ali Zakaria 10-1995 Asmara Sulaiman Idris Faraj 02-08-1985 Geleb/Mansa Sulaiman Mahamed Noor Affabet Teacher in Keren (single) Sulaiman Mohamed Ali Osman 10-1994 Barka Sulaiman Mussa Haj 2002 Keren Business man and previous ELF Veteran fighter Sulaiman Omer Almaday Keren Sulaiman Zakaria 1995 Asmara Freedom fighter Suleiman Mohammed 1994 Keren (Civilian) Suleman Karami Aila Bared Taha Ali Adam 1995 Sawa/Mahkalay Taha Brolee Faroo Taha Mohame Ali 1996 Hamday Tahir Mahmud Hamid Mandar Keren Teacher Uni Graduated Tahir Mohamed Hamid 1994 Keren Tamasgan Gebreyesus Journalist of Keste Debena Newspaper Tanga wadsilase ( Shashu) Tareke Tesfamariam August 4, 2008 Meitir Camp Tarum Saleh Saed 1995 Matkal Abet Farmer (married with children) Tatay Abubaker Ibrahim 1996 Hambul Tedros Haile 2004 Deported From Libya Tedros Kidane (Lieutenant) 2002 Asmara Tedros Yosief 2004 Deported From Libya Teferi Beyene September 23, 2008 Meitir Camp Tekhle Birhan Gabresadiq (wadi bashai) 1990 Kidnapped from Kasala-Sudan Tekle 2004 Deported From Libya Tekleab Tekie 2004 Deported From Libya Teklemariam Temleso 12-08-2001 Asmara (Age 45) Teklemichael Okubagiorgis 2004 Deported From Libya Teklu Gebrehiwot June 28, 2009 Meitir Camp Religious meeting Temesgen 2004 Deported From Libya Tesfamariam Gezae 2004 Deported From Libya Tesfamariam Megsteab Haile 2004 Deported From Libya Tesfatsion Hagos 27-05-2004 Massawa Pastor of the Rema evangelical church in Asmara Tesfay Garankiel 1977 Dekamere Tesfay Geberab Tesfay Gommera Former PFDJ member (reformer) Tesfay Syum Former PFDJ member (reformer) Tesfai Teklemariam August 5, 2008 Meitir Camp Tesfay Tewelde 2004 Deported From Libya Tesfay Haile Ghebru 1989 Massawa (Age 54) EPLF freedom Fighter Tesfu Andu 2004 Deported From Libya Teweldebrhan Andu Kidane(Kahsu) 2004 Deported From Libya Teweldemdhin Elas Asgodom 2004 Deported From Libya Teweldemedhin Eyasu Weldemariam 2004 Deported from Libya Teweldemedhin Tesfamariam Teare 2004 Deported From Libya Teweldemedhin Tesfamariam 04-2003 Eritrea’s ambassador to Kenya as well as head of Africa Desk within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was recalled to Eritrea and arrested without charges. Tewoldemedhin Habtezion August 9, 2008 Meitir Camp husband of Liya Hidru and father of Yamin Tsahye Okubab Beshay 2004 Deported from Libya Tsega Tekeste 2004 Deported From Libya Tsegezeab Tesfazghi December 23,2008 Meitir Camp Tsehaye Tesfamariam January 5, 2009 Meitir Camp Tsehaye Leghesse December 23,2008 Meitir Camp Tsige 2004 Deported From Libya Tukku Aamin March 28, 2003 Kolluku village, (Female, Civilian) Ukba Abraha 09-2001 Former PFDJ member (reformer) Ukbu Fessehaye 2004 Deported From Libya Ustaz Mohammed 1993-01-01 Previous EPLF memeber Wad Sheikh Abdullah Omer 1994 Ad Sydna Hamid Wadi Haleka 11-2003 Police Chief of the 6th Precinct in Asmara Wadi Itay Wadi Mariam Bahlibi 1990 Kidnapped from Kasala-Sudan Wadi Tekhlai Wanin Chief of Asmara fire fighters Wanin Hikma Waska Nurai Kabli 1985 Adarde Welday Hagos 2004 Deported From Libya Wolde Gebreal Teklom 1977 (Age 65) ELF freedom fighter Worede Kiros May 4, 2005 Sawa Camp Religious activity Yamane Fessehaye “Wedi Reg’o”) 11-2003 Colonel Head of the Crime Prevention Department in the police force. Yamin Tewoldemedhin June 28, 2009 4th Police - Station Religious meeting Yaqub Ismail Humad 1996 Hambrda Yassin Ahmed Sheikh Zaid 1994 Keren Teacher Yassin Hamid Nafeh 1994 Keren Teacher Yassin Mohamed Fikak 1993 Keren Teacher Uni. Graduated Yassin Mohamed Noor Mahmud 1994 Keren Teacher University Graduated Yassin Mohamed Osman Gabre Katus Yihya Zamzami Gahtelay Yoab Tecle April 23, 2009 Meitir Camp Yocabed Natnael Ghebreyesus June 28, 2009 4th Police Station Religious meeting; daughter of Natnael Ghebreyesus and Awet Andemariam Yodit Mekonnen June 28, 2009 Meitir Camp Religious meeting Yodit Semere 2004 Deported From Libya Yoel Tsegezab August 26, 2008 Meitir Camp Conscientious objection Yohannes Haile September 18,2008 Meitir Camp Yonas Kidane 2004 Deported From Libya Yonathan Yonas November 12, 2005 Sawa Camp Religious activity Yosef Araya Civil servant Yosief Fessehaye 2007 Sawa Camp Conscientious objection Yosief Tewelde Kelit 2004 Deported From Libya Yrgalem Girmay 2004 Deported From Libya Yusif Alnoor Adam Afa 1996 Barket Chied editor of a newspaper Yusif Faid Idris 1998 Bisha Yusif Mohamed Ali 2001 Chief editor of\"Tzegenay\" newspaper (Tigrinia language paper) Yusif Mohamed Ali Yusif Mohamed Garey Sanaffe Yusif Saed Idris Nafeh Keren Teacher Zeru Hagos 2004 Deported From Libya Zeru Zeray 2004 Deported From Libya [External image reference] Related Posts None Short URL: http://www.farajat.net/en/?p=4001 [External image reference] Posted by farajat on Mar 31 2011. Filed under List Prisoners of Conscience. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0. You can leave a response or trackback to this entry 1 Comment for “LIST OF PRISONERS OF CONSCIENCE in ERITREA” Mensur abdu idris ali February 7, 2012 - 1:15 pm My name is mensur abdu and my father’s name is Abdu idris ali. He is as u say in prison from 1996 till now. He was a good father and religious man every body loves him. He is a father of three children. He lived in asmara, also he was a teacher @ Diaa Islamic school. He was shiek @ mosque of Omer ibni alkhetab/madishto mosque/ i wish I can help any information. That is y I left my country and my brother & sister choosing 2 be a refuge", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "4138351642668d2dbffc1b5e", "source_sha256": "64685cc99738a26eef8f4a0200d28c94e7b4cc9c6106a1b64e51da78c01564c6", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-c20e1f68679729ecb4989985", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/48/7", "start": 8004, "end": 8343 }, "anchors": [], "level": 4, "content": [ { "text": "Names of Persons Arbitrarily Arrested During the years 2007 and 2008 and not Released until the end of 2008\n Source:", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Report by Suwera Centre for Human Rights 08/09", "href": "/documents/62e6307e1b7c62993449c4d9/" } ] }, { "id": "b-609a2d2a1d6013b08d2824a1", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/48/9", "start": 8347, "end": 8519 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "Eritrea: slender land, giant prison", "href": "/documents/a9e205425198bb1903dbbc71/" } ] }, { "id": "b-b6d49829fa08fb8c6d322c97", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/48/11/0", "start": 8526, "end": 8694 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ቤትማእሰርቲ ኣደርሰር ተሓይሮም ዘለዉ ብኸፊል ዝበጽሓና ሰነድ ዝርዝር ኣስማት ትሕቲ ዕድመ ከምዚ ዝስዕብ እዩ።", "href": "/documents/260e65c53be4b5b7a4b97081/" } ] }, { "id": "b-67196d11f7de4166d0e473ad", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/50/0", "start": 8710, "end": 8780 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1 Mr. Mohammed Shafuk : tribal chief, arrested in Dase in October 2007.\n 2/ Mr. Gugul Bidda: arrested in Tole Tarodani in September 2007.\n 3/ Mr. Ogba Michael: priest belonging to the Second Life religious sect( Kali Hewit). Ar\n 4/ Mr. Abdalla Salih Ibrahim: arrested in his home town Suwera in the first week of Jan\n 5/ Mr. Abdalla Omer Jemie : medical doctor. Arrested in Keren in 2007.\n 6/ Mr. Mohammed Adem Bassim: medical laboratory technician. Arrested in 2007.\n 7/ Mr. Ahmed Deen Omer Ismaeel : arrested in his town Suwera in the first week of Jan\n 8/Mr. Abdalla Salih: arrested in his town Gohaito in the first week of January 2008.\n 9/ Mr.Tara Kobaba: a journalist arrested in his town Haikota in February 2008.\n 10/ Mr. Yonas Jakomino: arrested in Bimbilna in February 2008.\n 11/ Mr. Zeru Biddo: arrested in Keren town in April 2008.\n 12/ Mr. Sulaiman Wad Shum: was arrested in Hazamu- Iba in August 2008. Accused of\n sect.\n 13/ Mr. Yassin Sulaiman Ahmed: arrested in Hazamu- Iba in August 2008 . Accused of\n sect.\n 14/ Mr. Ibrahim Mohammed Sulaiman: arrested in Hazamu- Iba in August 2008. Accu\n religious sect.\n 15/ Mr.Mohammed Bashai Omer: arrested in Senafe township in August 2008. Accused\n sect.\n 16/ Mr. Omer Telki: arrested in Adi Caigh in August 2008. Accused of belonging to Ans\n 17/ Mr. Siraj Ali: arrested in Senafe in August 2008. Accused of belonging to Anssar – S\n 18/ Mr.Mohammed Saleh Abdalla: arrested in Senafe in August 2008. Accused of belon\n 19/ Mr. Sulaiman Ali: arrested in Senafe in August 2008. Accused of belonging to Anssa\n 20/ Mr. Ahmed Ismaeel: arrested in Senafe in August 2008. Accused of belonging to An\n 21/ Mr. Mohammed Kheir Haj Mousa: arrested in Adi Caigh in August 2008. Accused\n sect.\n 22/ Mr. Osman Mohammed Adem: arrested in Adi Caigh in August 2008. \n 23/ Mr. Abdalla Adnan: arrested in Adi Caigh in August 2008. Accused of belonging to\n 24/ Mr. Ibrahim Abdalla: arrested in Adi Caigh in August 2008. Accused of belonging t\n 25/ Mr. Mohammed Ahmed Saeedai Hamidi: kidnapped and high-jacked with his car an\n 26/ Mr. Asfadai Ansra: arrested in Keren in October 2008.\n Names of Sudanese Detainees whose Names not included in the SCHR 2006 Report:\n 1/Mr. Abd Al Azim Abu-AL-Gasim AL-Shiekh Ali: Imprisoned at Karshly prison in A\n 2/Mr. Abd AL-Rahman Shamoun Abdalla: a citizen of Kassala, Sudan.\n 3/ Mr.Azhari Hassan Alama: his place of detention unknown.\n The names of the following whose names are already included in the arbitrary arrest\n still in prison until the end of 2008:\n 1. Mr. Mohammed Maranet Nessour: was a judge in Keren who was arrested in 1991\n 1997 but he has been moved to an unknown place therefore his contacts with his fam\n have been filed against Mr. Nessour nor been brought to a court.\n 2. General Bitwodded Abreha: was senior military officer and former member of the E\n who was arrested in 1992 but released for a while in 1998 during the Eritrean-Ethiopi\n Marmara prison in Asmara. No charges have been filed against General Abraha nor h\n 3. Mr. Mohammed Ibrahim Malik: was a teacher at the Islamic Institute at Keren. He\n 4. Mr. Osman Mohammed Nour: was a teacher at the Islamic Institute at Keren. He w\n 5. Mr. Osman Abdelnour Muhammed: was a teacher at the Islamic Institute at Keren\n arrested in 1992.\n 6. Mr. Musa Ibrahim Fargallah: was a teacher at the Islamic Institute at Keren. He wa\n 7. Mr. Ahmed Masmar Hazout: was a teacher at the Islamic Institute at Keren. He wa\n 8. Mr. Idriss Muhammed Saíd: was a teacher at the Islamic Institute at Keren. He was\n 9. Mr. El Hassan Ali Azouz: was a teacher at the Islamic Institute at Keren. He was arr\n 10. Mr. Ibrahim Gam'ei Hamid:was a teacher and director of the Islamic Dia (light) In\n detained at Karshili prison in Asmara until 1997 then he has been moved to an unkno\n not known. No charges have been filed against him nor has he been brought to a cour\n 11. Mr. Mohammed Tahir Hamid Okod: was a teacher and deputy director of the Islam\n in 1992. He was detained at Karshili prison in Asmara until 1997 then he has been m\n whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against him nor has he been b\n 12. Mr. Ibrahim Bakheit Malik: was a teacher at the Anabasa Wazantet Islamic Institut\n detained at Karshili prison in Asmara until 1997 then he has been moved to an unkno\n not known. No charges have been filed against him nor has he been brought to a cour\n 13. Mr. Abdlalim Mohammed Ali Zar'oum: was a teacher at the Anabasa Wazantet Isl\n He was detained at Karshili prison in Asmara until 1997 then he has been moved to a\n whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against him nor has he been b\n THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Report by Suwera Centre for Human Rights Page 19 of 46\n mhtml:file://D:\\newham\\Assenna.mht!http://asena.samai.co.uk/index.php?option=co... 04/08/2009\n 14. Mr. Abdelrahman Ali Amharai: was a teacher at the Anabasa Wazantet Islamic Ins\n detained at Karshili prison in Asmara until 1997 then he has been moved to an unkno\n not known. No charges have been filed against him nor has he been brought to a cour\n 15. Mr. Mohammed Hamid Osman: was a teacher at the Islamic Dia (light) Institute w\n detained at Karshili prison in Asmara until 1997 then he has been moved to an unkno\n not known. No charges have been filed against him nor has he been brought to a cour\n 16. Mr. Abubaker Ali Nour: arrested in 1993 together with his son who was a teacher a\n not known. No charges have been filed against him nor has he been brought to a cour\n 17. Mr. Omer Abubaker Ali Nour: a teacher at Wazantet and Anabasa Institutes, arrest\n known. No charges have been filed against him nor has he been brought to a court.\n 18. Mr. Shom Salih Ya'goub: was a separation advocate. Arrested in Addis Ababa in 19\n charges have been filed against him.\n 19. Mr. Nafié Ibrahim Fikkak: was a teacher at the Islamic Dia (light) Institute at Kara\n whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against him.\n 20. Mr. Faraj Abubakr El Haj: was a teacher at the Islamic Dia (light) Institute at Kara\n whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against him.\n 21. Mr. Abdelwahab Ibrahim Gama Hamid: was a student at the Islamic Institute at K\n whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against him.\n 22. Mr. Yaseen Hamid Nafie: was a teacher at the Ansaba Islamic Institute at Keren wh\n is not known. No charges have been filed against him.\n 23. Mr. Osman Mohammed Ali Ibrahim Gedem: he was the Imam of the Grand Mos\n His whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against him.\n 24. Mr. Ahmed Masmar Ibrahim: he was a teacher at the Ansaba Islamic Institute at K\n whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against him.\n 25. Mr. Yaseen Ahmed Zayed: was a teacher at the Ansaba Islamic Institute at Keren w\n is not known. No charges have been filed against him.\n 26. Mr. Gabir Hussein: is a merchant arrested at Keren in 1994. His whereabouts is not\n against him.\n 27. Mr. Gabir Hamid ukad: is a merchant arrested at Keren in 1994. His whereabouts i\n against him.\n 28. Mr. Mohammed Adam Da'oud: He was a head of Senhet Regiona Parliament, arres\n known. No charges have been filed against him.\n 29. Mr. Idriss Mohammed Ali: was a director of the Islamic Dia (light) Institute who w\n not known. No charges have been filed against him.\n 30. Mr. Mahmoud Ali Gam'ei: was a teacher at the Islamic Institute at Keren who was\n known. No charges have been filed against him.\n 31. Mr. Fuáad Mahmoud Omer: was a director of the Charity Offerings Organization\n 1994. His whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against him.\n 32. Mr. Hassan Abdelrahman Dirar: was a teacher at El dia Islamic Institute in Keren\n whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against him.\n 33. Mr. Hassan Ali Nour Dirar: was a teacher at the Islamic Institute in Keren who wa\n known. No charges have been filed against him.\n 34. Mr. El Shaikh Mohammed Ibrahim Shedly: arrested at Mansoura in late 1994. His\n have been filed against him.\n 35. Mr. Idriss Saíd Ari: was a teacher at El Dia Islamic Institue in Keren, arrested in 19\n THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Report by Suwera Centre for Human Rights Page 20 of 46\n mhtml:file://D:\\newham\\Assenna.mht!http://asena.samai.co.uk/index.php?option=co... 04/08/2009\n charges have been filed against him.\n 36. Mr. Paolous Eyaso: a member of Jehovah Witnesses. He was arrested on 24th Septe\n participate in the military service program on religious grounds. He is detained in Saw\n allowed to visit him not he has been brought to court.\n 37. Mr. Nagdi Takhlimariam: a member of Jehovah Witnesses. He was arrested on 24th\n participate in the military service program on religious grounds. He is detained in Saw\n allowed to visit him not he has been brought to court.\n 38. Mr. Issak Mogos: is also a member of Jehovah Witnesses. He has been arrested on 2\n participate in the military service program on religious grounds. He is detained in Saw\n allowed to visit him not he has been brought to court.\n 39. Mr. Mohammed Osman Dayr: one of the early freedom fighters who joined Eritrea\n the country after independence. Mr. Dayer was arrested on 25th May 1995 when he le\n needs. He never returned to this hotel. He is diabetic and he was in his fifties when he\n allowed to visit him moreover, his whereabouts is not known. No charges have been\n 40. Mr. Abdelallah Ibrahim Idris Adra: originally from Andrayeib /Agordat. He was c\n his arrested in 1995. His whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed again\n 41. Mr. Mogos Tesfamariam: was kidnapped from Ethiopia in 1995 because of allegati\n then he is imprisoned in Wenjel Marmara prison. When investigators did find evident\n bailer which he rejected since no charge has been proved against him.\n 42. Mr. Salih Osman Arey: was a former leader of the National Council, an ELF faction\n liberation. Mr. Ari was arrested on 3rd October 1995 at Keren, he was at his forties. H\n His wife who is based in Sudan tarvelled to Eritrea three times and met several offici\n meet him or informed about his whereabouts. No charges were filed against him or br\n 43. Mr. Mahmoud Dinai: one of the early freedom fighters who joined the ELF in early\n Commander of the 1st Military Region in 1965. Mr. Danay was arrested on 10th Octo\n regional Parliament of El Gash – Barka region. He was at his sixties. His family was\n whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed against Mr. Dinia nor has he t\n 44. Mr. Sulaiman Zkaria: was a former fighter in the 1st Military Region. He was arrest\n sixties at that time. Authorities did not allow his family to visit him. His whereabouts\n filed against him.\n 45. Mr. Mohammed Khair Musa: was a former leader in the National Council, a factio\n after independence. When he was arrested on 10th October 1995 at Keren where he w\n region, he was at his late fifties. Authorities did not allow his family to visit him, disc\n against him nor took him to a court .\n 46. Mr. Ibrahim M. Ibrahim: was a former leader in the ELF - the Unified Organizatio\n October 1995 in Agrdat where he was a judge in the Regional Court of Baraka-Gash\n Authorities did not allow his family to visit him, disclosed his whereabouts, filed cha\n 47. Mr. Mohammed Salih Mahmoud: was a former leader in the ELF – the National C\n independence in early 1950s. Mr. Mahmoud was arrested on 10th October 1995 in A\n Regional Court of Braka-Gash Region. Authorities did not allow his family to visit hi\n him to a court.\n 48. Mr. Mohamoud Khalid: was a former leader in the ELF who returned to the countr\n arrested on 10th October 1995 in Agordat where he was an officer in the Municipality\n Authorities did not allow his family to visit him, filed charges against him nor took him to\n THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Report by Suwera Centre for Human Rights Page 21 of 46\n mhtml:file://D:\\newham\\Assenna.mht!http://asena.samai.co.uk/index.php?option=co... 04/08/2009\n 1. Mr. El Amin Hamid Karrar: he was in charge of co-operative associations in Barak\n October 1995 in Agordat. Authorities did not allow his family to visit him, disclosed\n him nor took him to a court.\n 2. Mr. Salih Mohammed Idris Abu Ajaj: is one of the first generation of fighters in th\n early 1960s. Mr. Abu Ajaj was arrested on 10th October in Agordat, he was at his ear\n allow his family to visit him, disclosed his whereabouts, filed charges against him no\n 3. Mr. Muhammed Ali Ibrahim: is one of the first generation of fighters in the Eritrea\n 1960s. Mr. Ibrahim was arrested on 10th October 1995. Authorities did not allow his\n whereabouts, filed charges against him nor took him to a court of law.\n 4. Mr. Ismail Idriss Karkas: was a former fighter within the ELF, the National Counci\n aftermath of independence. He was arrested in late Novemer 1995. Authorities did no\n his whereabouts, filed charges against him nor took him to a court of law.\n 5. Mr. Idriss Dinai: was a former fighter with the ELF which he joined in 1980s. He re\n and arrested in late November 1995. He was at his thirties at the time of arrest. Autho\n him, disclosed his whereabouts, filed charges against him nor took him to a court .\n 6. Mr. Muhammed Banni: was a former fighter with the ELF. He was arrested in 1996\n family to visit him, disclosed his whereabouts, filed charges against him nor took him\n 7. Mr. Adam Ibrahim: Was graduated from Um Durman Islamic University.\n He was arrested in 1996.\n 1. Mr. Suliman Abou Bker Ebraheem: He was arrested in 1996 at Sanafi town. His\n killed during arrest. His whereabouts is not known. No charges have been filed again\n 2. Mr. Abdellah Ali Nassir: arrested in 1996 at Sanafi town. His whereabouts is not kn\n him.\n 3. Ibrahim Omer Bahibaish: He was arrested in 1996 in Sanafi. His whereabouts is no\n against him.\n 4. Mr. Amir El Sir: a Sudanese national, arrested in 1996. His whereabouts is not know\n him.\n 5. Osman Salih Hamid: He was arrested in 1996 in Hagaat.\n 6. Mr. Ibrahim Idirss Mohammed Ali (Mangous): arrested in El Gash in 1997.\n 7. Mr. Hamid Omer Hashishai: arrested in 1997. His whereabouts is not known. No c\n 8. Mr. Gshi Mahari Tsfamariam: was arrested in 1997 under allegations of receiving\n (riba) but he has not been brought to an open court.\n 9. Mr. Mansour Walday: was arrested in 1998 under allegations of illegal money lend\n an open court.\n 10. Mr. Adam Burhan Bayan: was arrested in 1998 under allegations of illegal money\n brought to an open court.\n 11. Mr. Ghebrehiwet Geleta: is a journalist who was kidnapped earlier in 1988 from Ka\n independence. He has been arrested again in 2002 when he was working for an indep\n known. No charges have been filed against him nor has he been brought to a court.\n 12. Mr. Mohammed Daóud Mohammed Osman Daóud: a religion man, arrested in Go\n known. No charges have been filed against him>\n 13. Mr. Adam Muhammed Osman Daóud: a religion man, arrested in Gonia in 1999.\n 14. Mr. Petros Solomon: is one of the earliest members of the Eritrean People's liberati\n THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Report by Suwera Centre for Human Rights Page 22 of 46\n mhtml:file://D:\\newham\\Assenna.mht!http://asena.samai.co.uk/index.php?option=co... 04/08/2009\n security service attached to the Front for several years. After independence he has bee\n including minister of Foreign Affairs and Defense. Before is dispute with President A\n and Marine Resources and an MP. He is married to Esteir Yohannes who is also in d\n have four children. Solomon was arrested 0n 18/9/2001. Authorities did not allow his\n whereabouts, filed charges against him nor took him to a court.\n 15. Mr. Mahmoud Ahmed Sherifo: is one of the earliest fighters who joined revolution\n the EPLF. He assumed a number of senior positions within the Front during struggle\n assumed a number of ministerial portfolios, most recent of them was the Ministry of L\n terms of protocol as the second man in the state. Mr. Sharifo was also an MP. He is m\n arrested on 18th September 2001. His family is not allowed to visit him, his whereabo\n against him and he has not been brought to a court .\n 16. Mr. Haile Woldtenesae: is one of the earliest members of the Eritrean People's liber\n Economics and then Foreign Affairs and member of the current Parliament. He was t\n Alger Agreement on behalf of the Government of Eritrean. Mr. Tenesae was arrested\n and a father. He is diabetic. His whereabouts is not known, his family is not allowed t\n him and he has not been brought to a court.\n 17. General Uqbe Abrha: is a former Chief of Command and former minister. He was a\n not allowed to visit him, his whereabouts is not known, no charges were files against\n court of law. General Abrha is suffers from asthma According testimonies gathered b\n conscripts who escaped the country, General Abrha died last year because of lack of b\n Cemetery at Ginda 45 km from Asmara.\n 18. General Berhane Gerezgrzghihier: was a retired General former commander of the\n member in the leadership of the Eritrean People's liberation Front since 1977. His wh\n allowed to visit him, no charges were filed against him and he has not been brought t\n 19. Ms. Astier Fessehatsion: was the director at the Ministry of Labor and Social Affair\n September 2001. She suffers from ulcer. Her whereabouts is not known, her family is\n filed against her and she has not been brought to a court.\n 20. Mr. Salih Kikia: was a former manager of the Office of the President, a former Min\n Transportation and member of both leadership of the ruling party and the Parliament.\n was arrested on 18t September 2001. His whereabouts is unknown and his family is n\n filed against him nor been taken to a court.\n 21. Mr. Hamid Himed : was a former Ambassador to Suadi Arabia and Sudan, head of t\n Ministry of Foreign Affairs, member of the leadership of the ruling and an MP. Mr. H\n arrested on 18th September 2001. His whereabouts is unknown and his family is not a\n filed against him nor been taken to a court.\n 22. General Estifanos Seyoum : a retired army officer, in charge of income taxes, memb\n and an MP. He was arrested on 18th September 2001. His whereabouts is unknown an\n No charges were filed against him nor been taken to a court.\n 23. Mr. Germano Natti: was a former regional governor and MP. He was arrested on 18\n unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him\n 24. Beraki Ghebreselassie: a former Ambassador to Germany, a former minister of Info\n was arrested on 18th September 2001. His whereabouts is unknown and his family is\n filed against him nor been taken to a court.\n 25. Ms. Mariam Hagous: was in charge of cinema sector has been arrested on 6th Octob\n Hagous is unknown and her family is not allowed to visit her. No charges were filed\n THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Report by Suwera Centre for Human Rights Page 23 of 46\n mhtml:file://D:\\newham\\Assenna.mht!http://asena.samai.co.uk/index.php?option=co... 04/08/2009\n court.\n 26. Mr. Yousif Mohammed Ali: Editor-in-Chief of Sganai newspaper. He was arrested\n a hunger strike in early April 2003, he has been moved from a police detention center\n charges have been filed against Mr. Ali nor been brought to a court.\n 27. Mr. Matiwos Hebteab: a journalist, was editor-in-Chief of Magalih newspaper. Was\n April 2003 he was moved from police custody in Asmara to unknown place upon pa\n have been filed against Mr. Ali nor been brought to a court.\n 28. Mr. Dawit Habtemichael: was an assistant to the editor-in-chief of Maglih He was a\n 2003 he was moved from police custody in Asmara to unknown place upon participat\n been filed against Mr. Ali nor been brought to a court.\n 29. Mr. Medhanie Haille: is a journalist, was an assistant editor-in-chief and borad mem\n arrested in September 2001. In early April 2003 he was moved from police custody in\n participation in hunger strike. No charges have been filed against Mr. Ali nor been br\n 30. Mr. Temsghen Ghebresus: is a journalist, an assistant editor-in-chief and board me\n arrested in September 2001. In early April 2003 he was moved from police custody in\n participation in hunger strike. No charges have been filed against Mr. Ali nor been b\n 31. Mr. Emanuel Asrat: is a journalist,was an editor-in-chief of Zaman newspaper. He w\n April 2003 he was moved from police custody in Asmara to unknown place upon par\n have been filed against Mr. Ali nor been brought to a court.\n 32. Mr. Fessaye Yohannes ( Joshua): was a journalist with Steit newspaper. He was arr\n 2003 he was moved from police custody in Asmara to unknown place upon participat\n been filed against Mr. Ali nor been brought to a court.\n 33. Mr. Sa'id Abelgadir: is a journalist, was an editor-in-chief of Admas newspaper. He\n April 2003 was moved from police custody in Asmara to unknown place upon partici\n been filed against Mr. Ali nor been taken to a court.\n 34. Mr. Seyoum Tsehye: was a freelance photographer. He was arrested in September 2\n from police custody in Asmara to unknown place upon participation in hunger strike.\n Ali nor been brought to a court.\n 35. Mr. Dawit Issac: was a journalist with Steit newspaper. He holds both Eritrean an Sw\n authorities have released him in November 2005 and re-arrested him tow days later a\n of his sympathizers. He is detained at Wenjel prison in Asmara. No charges have bee\n court.\n 36. Mr. Ali El Amin: was an employee of the Embassy of the USA who was arrested in\n Embassy. His whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No\n taken to a court.\n 37. Mr. Kflom Ghebremichael: was also an employee of the Embassy of the USA who\n for spying for the Embassy. His whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowe\n against him nor been taken to a court.\n 38. Mr. Idriss Ab'aari: is a writer and a former director at the Ministry of Labor. Mr. Ab\n in liberation war. Mr. Ab'aari has been arrested towards the end of 2001. His whereab\n allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him nor been taken to a court.\n 39. Mr. Kidane Kebreab: was a member of the ruling party who was arrested in early 2\n family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him nor been taken\n 40. Mr. Tesfai Gherma : was a member of the ruling party who was arrested in early 20\n family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him nor been taken t\n THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Report by Suwera Centre for Human Rights Page 24 of 46\n mhtml:file://D:\\newham\\Assenna.mht!http://asena.samai.co.uk/index.php?option=co... 04/08/2009\n 41. Mr. Alazar Mesfun: was a member of the ruling party and former Governor of Kere\n whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were\n court.\n 42. Mr. Kiros Tesfamichael (Awer): was a member of the ruling party and former Dire\n arrested in early 2002. His whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to v\n him nor he been taken to a court.\n 43. Mr. Beesrat Yemane: was a member of the ruling party and former Consular in Fran\n whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were\n court.\n 44. Mr. Firon Woldu: was a member of the ruling party and former director at the Minis\n arrested in early 2002. His whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to v\n him nor been taken to a court.\n 45. Mr. Ibrahim Siraj: was a member of the ruling party and former diplomat in Suadi A\n whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were\n court.\n 46. Mr. Hamid Mohammed Sa'id: a journalist who was arrested in March 2003 when h\n detained in Wenjel Marmara prison in Asmara. No charges were filed against him no\n 47. Mr. Salih El Gaza'eri: is a journalist, was arrested in March 2003 when he was wor\n Masses). He is detained in Wenjel Marmara prison in Asmara. No charges were filed\n 48. Mr. Aho Mohammed Aho: was a Secretary of the Parliament of the South Red Sea.\n whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were\n court.\n 49. Mr. Ali Mohammed Ibrahim: was arrested in 2002. His whereabouts is unknown an\n No charges were filed against him nor been taken to a court.\n 50. Mr. Ibrahim Sa'id: was a former officer at the Commission of Humanitarian Aid an\n 2003. His whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No cha\n taken to a court.\n 51. Mr. Akhlilu Mogos: was a member of the ruling party who was arrested in early 200\n family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him nor been\n taken\n to a court.\n 52. Mr. Berhe Tesfamariam: is an engineer and was a member of the ruling party who\n whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were\n court.\n 53. Mr. Ermias Debessai: was a member of the ruling party, a former Ambassador in Ch\n court and condemned of corruption. He served his prison sentence but re-arrested in N\n unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him\n 54. Mr. Ghermai Yohannes: was a sportsman who was arrested in November 2003. His\n is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him nor been taken to a cou\n 55. Colonel Yemane Fesseha: (Wad Rago) was a police officer who was arrested in Nov\n unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him\n 56. Mr. Mohammed Osman: the former Scertary of Gash- Barka Regional Parliament w\n whereabouts is unknown and his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were\n court.\n 57. Mr. Solomon Habtom: was a member of the ruling party and former head of one of\n THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Report by Suwera Centre for Human Rights Page 25 of 46\n mhtml:file://D:\\newham\\Assenna.mht!http://asena.samai.co.uk/index.php?option=co... 04/08/2009\n Communication and Transportation. He was arrested in June 2003. His whereabouts\n to visit him. No charges were filed against him nor been taken to a court.\n 58. General Habtetsion Hadgu: is the former commander of Air Force. He was arrested\n been arrested for some months. His whereabouts is unknown and his family is not all\n against him nor been taken to a court.\n 59. Ms. Asnayit Debessai: is a guitarist and was a member of the ruling party and mothe\n Wenjel Marmara in Asmara because she requested divorce through court from her inf\n to Kenya). A police officer visits Asnayit every three months asking her whether she\n she insists on divorce she is returned to prison every time. Asnayit who claims to bein\n she prefers prison to keeping her marriage bond.\n 60. Mr. Ibrahim Ismail Omer: a schoolteacher graduated from Suadi Arabia, arrested in\n No charges have been filed against him.\n 61. Haj Idriss: was a mosque Imam at Adardi Mosque. He was affiliated to Ansar El Su\n political activism. He has been detained since November 2003 at Wingil Marmara pr\n 62. Ms. Astier yohannes: was an MA student in the US and wife of the former minister\n September 2001. She returned upon guarantees by the authorities that she will not be\n airport and was not allowed even to see her children and mother who were waiting at\n allow any type of visits to Ms. Johannes including herfamily. She is kept in solitary d\n 63. Mr. Taha Abdelgadir: is a member of Ansar El Sunna Islamic group and was active\n He is at his twenties. He was arrested in 2004 and detained at Wenjel Marmara but ha\n 64. Ms. Hayat Ibrahim Nour Hussien: was affiliated to Asnar El Sunna. She has been a\n in Wenjel Marmara but has not been brought to court.\n 65. Mr. Mohammed Salih Adam: a member of Ansar El Sunna Islamic group, arrested\n he has been informed by the prison director that he had been sentenced to four years i\n prison.\n 66. Mr Ahmed Siraj: a member of Ansar El Sunna Islamic group, arrested in Asmara in\n informed by the prison director that he had been sentenced to four years imprisonmen\n 67. Mr. Mohammed Burhan: a member of Ansar El Sunna Islamic group, arrested in A\n has been informed by the prison director that he had been sentenced to four years imp\n prison.\n 68. Mr. Abdelrahman Mohammed Nour: a member of Ansar El Sunna Islamic group,\n said that he has been informed by the prison director that he had been sentenced to fo\n at Simble prison.\n 69. Muhmaad Omer Ismail: Graduated in Cairo University. He was arrested in 2004.\n 70. Fr. Haili Niazgi: the head of the Full Gospel Church, arrested on 23rd May 2004.\n 71. Dr. Kafli GabremasgAl: head of the Eritrean Protestant Alliance. Arrested on 23rd M\n 72. Fr. Tesfasion Hagous: of the Protestant Rima Church. Arrested on 27th May 2004.\n 73. Fr. Kedani Waldai: arrested in 2004.\n 74. Fr. Abraham Blai: arrested in 2004.\n 75. Mr. Adam Ali Ismail: arrested in May 2004 and has been moved from Tesnai prison\n 76. Fr. Gabr Medhanie Ghbregargis: a priest in Orthodox Church, the biggest church i\n November 2004.\n 77. Dr. Tekhliab Mengestab: a priest in the Orthodox Church. He was arrested in late N\n 78. Dr. Fazom Gabringous: a priest in the Orthodox Church. He was arrested in late No\n 79. Fr. Kidani Ghbremosgal: is a priest at the Full Gospel Church. He is at his fifties. H\n THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Report by Suwera Centre for Human Rights Page 26 of 46\n mhtml:file://D:\\newham\\Assenna.mht!http://asena.samai.co.uk/index.php?option=co... 04/08/2009\n been deported from a policestation in Asmara to Semble Prison.\n 80. Fr. Fanuel Mehretab: is a priest at the Full Gospel Church too. He is at his fifties. H\n been deported from a policestation in Asmara to Simble Prison.\n 81. Mr. Towlde Ghbremedhin: was a trade unionist who was arrested on 30th March 20\n family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him nor been taken t\n 82. Mr. Menési Andzion: was a trade unionist who was arrested on 30th March 2005. H\n is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him nor been taken to a cou\n 83. Mr. Hebtom Wadmichael: was a trade unionist too who was arrested on 11th April\n his family is not allowed to visit him. No charges were filed against him nor been tak\n 84. Mr. Tekhli Tesfai: is 73 years old and affiliated to Jehovah Witnesses. He has a dual\n arrested on 27th may 2005 and informed by the director of Wengl Marmar prison that\n imprisonment.\n 85. Salih Ali Abo Ali: used to work in trading between Sudan and Eritrea, arrested in Jun\n whereabouts is unknown.\n 86. Mr. Fotoy Gazai: works for the USA Embassy in Asmara as a web editor. Was arre\n Information accused him of trafficking.\n 87. Mr. Benyam Germai: the deputy manager of the buildings at the USA Embassy in A\n He has been accused of trafficking, which mostly means helping others to leave the c\n 88. Mr. Idirs Mohammed Ali: one of the most prominent singers in the country, arreste\n 89. Mr. Salah Grenit: was an employee of the Eritrean Airlines in Asmara, arrested in l\n 90. Mr. Geime Saíd Kemel: was a reporter and sport journalist at Eritrea El Haditha new\n 91. Mr. Mohammed Geime Arri: was a police officer, arrested in November 2005.\n 92. Mr. Adam Salih: a journalist arrested in November 2005 in Asmara.\n 93. Mr. Abubaker Bareg Ramadan: Was an employee at the Administration of Keren t\n 94. Mr. Abdlallah Ramadan: a businessman, arrested in late November 2005.\n 95. Mr. Omer Kikia: was an employee at the Ministry of Education in Keren, arrested i\n 96. Mr. Mohammed Nour Ahmed: arrested in late November 2005.\n 97. Mr. Mohammed Abdelhalim Hamouda: a writer and a businessman, arrested in Ba\n 98. Mr. Mohammed Adam Shalshal: was a police man arrested in November 2005.\n 99. Mr. Ahmed Musa Geime: was an army officer, arrested in November 2005.\n 100. Mr. Nasr El Din El Silaihabi: a Sudanese national, arrested in November 2005. He\n 101. Mr. Khalil Mohammed Khalil: a Sudanese national, arrested in December 2005. He\n 102. Mr. Ahmed Bokari: was a government employee arrested in Dankalia in December\n prison.\n 103. Mr. Ibrahim Lee: trader works at the Yemen-Eritrea borders, arrested in December\n 104. Mr. Nouri Ahmed: arrested in South Dankalia in early 2006.\n 105. Mr. Wad Garray: arrested in Tesnei in April 2006.\n 106. Mr. Tesmgen Barhi: arrested in Tesnei in April 2006.\n 107. . Ms El Ganish Fesha: mother of the officer Alexander Aragi, arrested in 2006\n 108. Mr. Malaki Mabrahtu: arrested in Tesnei in April 2006.\n 109. Mr. Abdlallah El Faki: a tailor arrested in Barento in May 2006.\n 110. Mr. Mohammed Ibrahim Ahmed:was a commissioner of Af Hambul, then moved t\n Barento in May 2006.\n 111. Mr. Idirs Musa Kalam (Wad Barento): an owner of a tourism office. Arrested in A\n 112. Mr. Hamid Mahmoud Dalli: a mechanic, arrested in Barento in May 2006.\n THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Report by Suwera Centre for Human Rights Page 27 of 46\n mhtml:file://D:\\newham\\Assenna.mht!http://asena.samai.co.uk/index.php?option=co... 04/08/2009\n 113. Mr. Omer Malik Baro: was a judge, arrested in Barento in May 2006.\n 114. Mr. Musa Osman Kheyar: arrested in Barento in May 2006.\n 115. Mohammed Ismail Anga: a journalist in Eritrea El haditha newspaper and painter, a\n 116. Mr. Salah Idris (Sinyous): a former editor-in-chief of El Nabd, the newspaper of the\n May 2006.\n 117. Mr. Hussien Musa Halab: arrested in Tesnei on 5th August 2006.\n 118. Omer Humad: arrested in Agordat in Dcember 2006.\n 119. Mr. Totai Mohammed Salih Ali: arrested in Ablet district in September 2006.\n 120. Mr. Hebti Tekhle Sambet: arrested in Haikuta in September 2006.\n 121. Mr. Omer Ali: arrested in Kellit I September 2006.\n 122. Mr. Abdllah Salih Nassir: arrested in Tesney in September 2006.\n 123. Mr. Ibrahim Abdelgader Jailani: was an officer in the Endowment Department, arr\n 124. Mr. Salih Osman Ali (El Rashid): from Id Ibrahim village in western Eritrea. Gradu\n Worked as an instructor at the Military Academy in Asmara and trainer in Sawa camp\n 2006.\n 125. Mr. Sharif Ali Idirs: arrested immediately after independace and released. Worked i\n Arrested in November 2006.\n 126. Mohammed Ali Osman Yousif (Abu Samira): worked as a commissioner for Germ\n late November 2006.\n 127. Mr. Ibrahim Mohammed Omer: worked for ruling party then for the Conderation o\n Arrested in late November 2006.\n 128. Mr. Mahmoud Haj Omer: arrested in Agordat in December 2006.\n 129. Mr. Yaseen Hamid: arrested in Hagat town in December 2006.\n 130. Mr.Omer Abu Alsadig: a former soldier, arrested in December 2006.\n 131. Dr. Omer El Din Ibrahim: a dentist graduated from Damscus University, arrested in\n 132. Mr. Ezra Agba Selassie: a merchan" } ] }, { "id": "b-0a68f1dfbf13442ee3c9beff", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/54/1", "start": 45782, "end": 45832 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "LIST OF PRISONERS OF CONSCIENCE in ERITREA" } ] }, { "id": "b-e1367cd90743a9dbdd0fff06", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/54/3/0", "start": 45839, "end": 45912 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Source http://www.farajat.net/en/archives/4001/comment-page-1#comment-5540" } ] }, { "id": "b-5f8dc0320a369768483f684e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/54/5/0", "start": 45923, "end": 46251 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The vast list contains names of prisoners of conscience in Eritrea, collected from various sources and compiled by Farajat team. Please forward your comments, corrections, photos and other information related to all disappeared or imprisoned Eritreans to Farajat team. This table is searchable if you have a name in mind." } ] }, { "id": "b-dc80b771a988e8d00d48f2ef", "type": "record-list", "source": { "path": "/54/7", "start": 46288, "end": 193390 }, "anchors": [ "source-wp-table-reloaded-id-1-no-1", "source-more-4001" ], "caption": [ { "text": "Name" }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "Date" }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "Place" }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "Comments" }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "Photo" } ], "records": [ { "source": { "path": "/54/7/1/3", "start": 46487, "end": 46621 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [ { "text": "Name" } ], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/54/7/1/3/1", "start": 46500, "end": 46525 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-9d666dc7af4ec595f3d6a6a4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/54/7/1/3/1/0", "start": 46504, "end": 46520 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Abbey Hamid Fikak" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [ { "text": "Date" } ], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/54/7/1/3/3", "start": 46535, "end": 46547 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-1d9ed550f7f8e8282cba6c7b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/54/7/1/3/3/0", "start": 46539, "end": 46542 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1997" } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [ { "text": "Place" } ], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/54/7/1/3/5", "start": 46557, "end": 46573 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-c2e5b5362eec3f7beacddac8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/54/7/1/3/5/0", "start": 46561, "end": 46568 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Togoruba" } ] } ] }, { "column": 4, "label": [ { "text": "Comments" } ], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/54/7/1/3/7", "start": 46583, "end": 46591 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 5, "label": [ { "text": "Photo" } ], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/54/7/1/3/9", "start": 46601, "end": 46609 }, "blocks": [] } ] }, { "source": { 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"[External image reference]", "href": "http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/084383c304b218e96d21fe2aaa4f376d?s=39&d=http%3A%2F%2F0.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D39&r=G" }, { "text": " Posted by " }, { "text": "farajat", "href": "http://www.farajat.net/en/archives/author/admin" }, { "text": " on Mar 31 2011. Filed under " }, { "text": "List Prisoners of Conscience", "href": "http://www.farajat.net/en/archives/category/prisoners-of-conscience/list-prisoners-of-conscience" }, { "text": ". You can follow any responses to this entry through the " }, { "text": "RSS 2.0", "href": "http://www.farajat.net/en/archives/4001/feed" }, { "text": ". You can leave a response or trackback to this entry" } ] }, { "id": "b-91cb8bf30125cae7034a73e3", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/56", "start": 197271, "end": 197351 }, "anchors": [ "source-comments" ], "level": 3, "content": [ { "text": "1 Comment for “LIST OF PRISONERS OF CONSCIENCE in ERITREA”" } ] }, { "id": "b-a9885cc5a80fb31b9e195732", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/58", "start": 197353, "end": 198393 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": true, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-589241a85c394597e11bc6a7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/58/1/1/1/2", "start": 197678, "end": 197708 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mensur abdu idris ali" } ] }, { "id": "b-163676e6e61bd1914f6cecce", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/58/1/1/3/0", "start": 197727, "end": 197727 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "February 7, 2012 - 1:15 pm", "href": "http://www.farajat.net/en/archives/4001/comment-page-1#comment-5540" } ] }, { "id": "b-dba13ee93e806daae7f0c6b1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/58/1/1/5/0", "start": 197911, "end": 198364 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "My name is mensur abdu and my father’s name is Abdu idris ali. He is as u say in prison from 1996 till now. He was a good father and religious man every body loves him. He is a father of three children. He lived in asmara, also he was a teacher @ Diaa Islamic school. He was shiek @ mosque of Omer ibni alkhetab/madishto mosque/ i wish I can help any information. 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legs bent behind their back. And the evangelical Christian said he knows “the helicopter” well because, he claims, he was tied in that position for 136 hours in an effort to pressure him to recant his faith. “They kept asking me to sign a document,” he told BBC News in a report last week, “and agree to not participate in church activities or express my faith in any form. I was told I would be untied and released the minute I agreed to their requests.” Sitting in Shimelba refugee camp close to the border of Eritrea, Paulus told of different torture techniques he endured in his homeland for being an evangelical Christian. He is among a growing number of Eritrean Christians fleeing the country to escape religious persecution. Inside Shimelba refugee camp where Paulus lives is the Ebenezer Evangelical Church where he and others like him can worship freely without fear of persecution – unlike back home. Eritrea, a small country in East Africa on the Red Sea, is one of the worst persecutors of Christians in the world. The government is highly suspicious of newer Christian movements such as the Evangelical and Pentecostal churches and frequently harasses their followers. A harsh crackdown began five years ago on all churches outside of the government-approved Orthodox, Catholic or Lutheran denominations There are an estimated 2,000 Eritrean Christians under arrest without trial or legal charge for the sole reason of their religious beliefs, according to Compass Direct News, a Christian news agency that reports exclusively on persecution of Christians. Eritrean security forces raid weddings, baptism, worship services, prayer meetings, and other religious gatherings and arrest both hosts and guests. College-educated “Samuel” (not his real name), 24, was arrested in 2005 along with 19 other people while attending a friend’s wedding ceremony. After he was imprisoned, Samuel was forced to perform backbreaking manual labor for the next 12 months and regularly beaten, according to BBC. One of the tortures he had to endure involved being hung from a tree with his arms stretched in the form of a crucifixion for three days. “They asked me if I would like to leave [my faith]. They asked every night for four months,” he told BBC News. Other tortures faced by Christians include being held in metal shipping containers under the hot sun, beatings, and deprivation of food. Eritrea also recently cracked down on the Orthodox Church, which it previously had a close relationship. The head of the Eritrean Orthodox Church – former Patriarch Abune Antonios, 80 – was illegally dismissed from his position in January 2006 after criticizing the government for interfering in church activities and for its persecution of evangelical churches, according to human rights group Amnesty International. For nearly two years he has been under stringent house arrest with little news heard about his condition in the past few months. The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom in May recommended that Eritrea be re-designated by the State Department as one of the 11 “countries of particular concern” (CPCs) for 2007. 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And the evangelical Christian said he knows “the helicopter” well because, he claims, he was tied in that position for 136 hours in an effort to pressure him to recant his faith.\n “They kept asking me to sign a document,” he told BBC News in a report last week, “and agree to not participate in church activities or express my faith in any form. 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The original, written in Tigrigna, is already published at Awate.com. Translation to English provided by EHRAG.] In this period known as the 15th year of independence, there is no transgression that has not been committed in Eritrea. But the people don?t know about it. It is not surprising for the people to be ill-informed about what goes on their middle, given a period when the mass media like newspapers, radio and television conceal it. It is based on this incomprehension that the people have been blessing a government they should be cursing. But now, thanks to the Internet, all the crimes that are committed in the prisons are being disclosed to the people. It is based on the above that I?ve been encouraged to share my experiences in the prison of the 6th brigade in Sawa [military camp.] This prison is found on a hilltop to the right of Sawa Camp. It was built as a temporary housing for those who enlisted for training after 1994. But a government that cannot build factories or schools and whose only skill is to build prisons converted it to prison. Sawa prison is made entirely of tin material. Thus, the prisoners are suffocated by the heat during the day and whipped by the cold at night. The government?s decision to build a prison in Sawa was not coincidental. Its promixity [to the military camp] was a result of calculated effort to demoralize and weaken the resolve of the Eritrean youth. It was intended as a warning to the youth who were flowing to Sawa; to instill fear and to emasculate the youth who witnessed the pain of those incarcerated. It is not possible to chronicle the totality the pain the prisoners go through. The magnitude of the pain is such that of those imprisoned nobody wishes to live, but to die. For the most part, the cause of the incarceration is attempt to cross the border. The imprisoned are male and female. Likewise, those in the armed services are male and female. The imprisoned also include Jehovahs Witnesses?who have been languishing in the prison for over 10 years. Of the names I remember: Yishak Mogos, Neguse Teklemariam, Aron Abraha, Mussie Asfaha, Negede Teklemariam, Paulos. Hope their mothers never have to witness the pain their children are enduring is all one can say. None of them have been accused of any crime and, in general, this demonstrates the extent of the government?s contempt for the rule of law. The daily diet of the incarcerated is limited to a piece of bread and lentil soup. Their bodies have been severely weakened, but no mercy comes their way. Ill and weakened, they are engaged in forced labor over every ravine and mountain, chiseling and lifting rocks. But their bodies are incapable of carrying rocks?and many have collapsed from hunger and disease. In their weakened states, it is too far fetched to expect them to carry rocks: some of them can?t even carry their legs. The authorities treat the incarcerated as enemies?no pity or sympathy is shown towards them. In their view, the imprisoned are not people but disposable objects. Using their forced labor, they demolish what is to be demolished and build what is to be built. And the product of the forced labor is marketed as the product of Warsay-Yekalo [conscript army.] The daily routine of those imprisoned is as follows. On an empty stomach, from 6:00 AM to noon, we are engaged in work. At noon, we are given a piece of bread and lentils. The same thing at night: a piece of bread and lentils, before we go to sleep. An alternate diet is unthinkable. The prevailing illness is mostly attributable to malnourishment. The imprisoned are not allowed to get medical care or medicine. The overcrowding in the beds, the lack of bathing and the general lack of sanitation contributes to the sickness. Due to malnutrition, lack of medical attention and hygiene, most of those in prison either are, or are on the verge of being, sick. It is hard to find anyone who is not suffering from high blood pressure, diabetes, malaria, diarrhea, TB, measles, and so on. Fleas, ticks, lice are the roommates of the incarcerated sticking to the emaciated skins and sucking it dry. In our culture, it is customary to cry for the dead; I daresay that we should save our tears for these living dead. The prison also holds parents. I remember names like Memher1 Kibrom, Aboy2 Bokure, Aboy Embaye, Aboy Hailai, Aboy Mehari. These are all people with wives and children who had taken an authorized leave absence and, upon discovering the abject poverty of their family, overstayed their leave to earn some money to help their families. But the cruel and merciless government has arrested them for extending their leaves of absences. In January 2005, nearly 750 students who were sent to Alighidir [Western Eritrea, bordering Sudan] for the harvest season detoured to Sudan. Of these, 60 unfortunate ones were arrested. They were brought over to Sawa prison and stayed with us. It is impossible to believe the beating they received can be endured by any mortal. It is not surprising for the government to take these measures?it knows that its legitimacy to rule is slowly being eroded. It has no other alternative. But what about the so-called combatants who have betrayed their people and chosen to be a tool of the government? What will become of them when the inevitable fall of the government happens? Sawa prison is a compound that houses 12 tin houses. The houses have names like property of Wedi Shika, Bahta, Hinsa, Police, etc. The youth have given up all hope on the government of Shaebia [People?s Front] and are risking it all and flocking to Ethiopia and Sudan. To discourage the exodus, they had threatened that they had given orders to shoot on sight anybody who is caught crossing the border or on a leave without authorization. Even now, one can?t say that they have rescinded the order. But they understand that they have not been able to intimidate the youth. Understanding that I couldn?t continue on like that, I too plotted a way out of the hands of sadistic devils. I began consultations with prisoners I trusted. In the end, ten of us escaped together. With bullets being fired at us, we ran, each following his own path. Because we were all dispersed, I can?t say who lived and who died. But thanks to the help of the Creator of the heavens and the earth, I and my companion crossed over to Sudan in two days. Although apart physically, spiritually we are with our people who are suffering the brutality of the cruel government. God find a way out for those in prison and justice and peace to the people of Eritrea. 1.Memher is Tigrigna for Teacher. 2.Aboy is honorific, a sign of respect by youth towards the elderly", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "56a97ce1e07b56e5f89689bd", "source_sha256": "137f9b41f6cd41becd2dc13c86a7b9028e36a0991940933b5f3a18fb84f92928", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-5f83c1972aca561688afd4a3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/0", "start": 5009, "end": 5070 }, "anchors": [ "source-top" ], "content": [ { "text": "Testimony: Ex-prisoner of Brigade Six Sawa" } ] }, { "id": "b-7e71a3213f4ea1bed9fa7fe5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/1/1/0", "start": 5939, "end": 6020 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "By Anon (submitted by Elsa Chyrum) - Apr 25, 2006" } ] }, { "id": "b-924fd17035a7ff557466c226", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/1/0", "start": 6271, "end": 6621 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "[This testimony by a former prisoner was provided to Elsa Chyrum, an Eritrean human rights activist based in London, UK. The original, written in Tigrigna, is already published at Awate.com. Translation to English provided by EHRAG.]", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-356fe595ea2bbcaf29a5063c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/5/0", "start": 6688, "end": 7519 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In this period known as the 15th year of independence, there is no transgression that has not been committed in Eritrea. But the people don?t know about it. It is not surprising for the people to be ill-informed about what goes on their middle, given a period when the mass media like newspapers, radio and television conceal it. It is based on this incomprehension that the people have been blessing a government they should be cursing. But now, thanks to the Internet, all the crimes that are committed in the prisons are being disclosed to the people." } ] }, { "id": "b-36fc3d54a01adfc34241484a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/9/0", "start": 7586, "end": 8162 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "It is based on the above that I?ve been encouraged to share my experiences in the prison of the 6th brigade in Sawa [military camp.] This prison is found on a hilltop to the right of Sawa Camp. It was built as a temporary housing for those who enlisted for training after 1994. But a government that cannot build factories or schools and whose only skill is to build prisons converted it to prison." } ] }, { "id": "b-14363e0420b24a92b78f5451", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/13/0", "start": 8263, "end": 9303 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Sawa prison is made entirely of tin material. Thus, the prisoners are suffocated by the heat during the day and whipped by the cold at night. The government?s decision to build a prison in Sawa was not coincidental. Its promixity [to the military camp] was a result of calculated effort to demoralize and weaken the resolve of the Eritrean youth. It was intended as a warning to the youth who were flowing to Sawa; to instill fear and to emasculate the youth who witnessed the pain of those incarcerated. It is not possible to chronicle the totality the pain the prisoners go through. The magnitude of the pain is such that of those imprisoned nobody wishes to live, but to die." } ] }, { "id": "b-d07ba63272cbb2098ca9ca77", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/17/0", "start": 9405, "end": 10442 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "For the most part, the cause of the incarceration is attempt to cross the border. The imprisoned are male and female. Likewise, those in the armed services are male and female. The imprisoned also include " }, { "text": "Jehovahs Witnesses", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "?who have been languishing in the prison for over 10 years. Of the names I remember: " }, { "text": "Yishak Mogos, Neguse Teklemariam, Aron Abraha, Mussie Asfaha, Negede Teklemariam, Paulos.", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "Hope their mothers never have to witness the pain their children are enduring", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " is all one can say. None of them have been accused of any crime and, in general, this demonstrates the extent of the government?s contempt for the rule of law." } ] }, { "id": "b-8d13454950fbdadc6701d101", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/21/0", "start": 10523, "end": 11253 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The daily diet of the incarcerated is limited to a piece of bread and lentil soup. Their bodies have been severely weakened, but no mercy comes their way. Ill and weakened, they are engaged in forced labor over every ravine and mountain, chiseling and lifting rocks. But their bodies are incapable of carrying rocks?and many have collapsed from hunger and disease. In their weakened states, it is too far fetched to expect them to carry rocks: some of them can?t even carry their legs." } ] }, { "id": "b-3597322ab511b58ce9aedd84", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/23/0", "start": 11280, "end": 11794 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The authorities treat the incarcerated as enemies?no pity or sympathy is shown towards them. In their view, the imprisoned are not people but disposable objects. Using their forced labor, they demolish what is to be demolished and build what is to be built. And the product of the forced labor is marketed as the product of Warsay-Yekalo [conscript army.]" } ] }, { "id": "b-3bf72ea7cfbddf9c78f8464c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/27/0", "start": 11861, "end": 12659 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The daily routine of those imprisoned is as follows. On an empty stomach, from 6:00 AM to noon, we are engaged in work. At noon, we are given a piece of bread and lentils. The same thing at night: a piece of bread and lentils, before we go to sleep. An alternate diet is unthinkable. The prevailing illness is mostly attributable to malnourishment. The imprisoned are not allowed to get medical care or medicine. The overcrowding in the beds, the lack of bathing and the general lack of sanitation contributes to the sickness." } ] }, { "id": "b-d43265b233b423a0da108e0e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/31/0", "start": 12726, "end": 13419 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Due to malnutrition, lack of medical attention and hygiene, most of those in prison either are, or are on the verge of being, sick. It is hard to find anyone who is not suffering from high blood pressure, diabetes, malaria, diarrhea, TB, measles, and so on. Fleas, ticks, lice are the roommates of the incarcerated sticking to the emaciated skins and sucking it dry. In our culture, it is customary to cry for the dead; I daresay that we should save our tears for these living dead." } ] }, { "id": "b-77de5d1b38a82494ddc54428", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/35/0", "start": 13521, "end": 14216 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The prison also holds parents. I remember names like " }, { "text": "Memher", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "1", "marks": [ "strong", "sup" ] }, { "text": " Kibrom, Aboy", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "2", "marks": [ "strong", "sup" ] }, { "text": " Bokure, Aboy Embaye, Aboy Hailai, Aboy Mehari.", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " These are all people with wives and children who had taken an authorized leave absence and, upon discovering the abject poverty of their family, overstayed their leave to earn some money to help their families. But the cruel and merciless government has arrested them for extending their leaves of absences." } ] }, { "id": "b-9874a514598af94ac34fabe5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/39/0", "start": 14296, "end": 15324 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In January 2005, nearly 750 students who were sent to " }, { "text": "Alighidir", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " [Western Eritrea, bordering Sudan] for the harvest season detoured to Sudan. Of these, 60 unfortunate ones were arrested. They were brought over to Sawa prison and stayed with us. It is impossible to believe the beating they received can be endured by any mortal. It is not surprising for the government to take these measures?it knows that its legitimacy to rule is slowly being eroded. It has no other alternative. But what about the so-called combatants who have betrayed their people and chosen to be a tool of the government? What will become of them when the inevitable fall of the government happens?" } ] }, { "id": "b-fe81bca7ae63dfb80659741e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/43/0", "start": 15404, "end": 16295 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Sawa prison is a compound that houses 12 tin houses. The houses have names like property of " }, { "text": "Wedi Shika, Bahta, Hinsa, Police", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": ", etc. The youth have given up all hope on the government of Shaebia [People?s Front] and are risking it all and flocking to Ethiopia and Sudan. To discourage the exodus, they had threatened that they had given orders to shoot on sight anybody who is caught crossing the border or on a leave without authorization. Even now, one can?t say that they have rescinded the order. But they understand that they have not been able to intimidate the youth." } ] }, { "id": "b-d2276fabf57bc172f348ee2b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/47/0", "start": 16362, "end": 17404 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Understanding that I couldn?t continue on like that, I too plotted a way out of the hands of sadistic devils. I began consultations with prisoners I trusted. In the end, ten of us escaped together. With bullets being fired at us, we ran, each following his own path. Because we were all dispersed, I can?t say who lived and who died. But thanks to the help of the Creator of the heavens and the earth, I and my companion crossed over to Sudan in two days. Although apart physically, spiritually we are with our people who are suffering the brutality of the cruel government. God find a way out for those in prison and justice and peace to the people of Eritrea." } ] }, { "id": "b-71f4a19bfdb0fa039c938a31", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/51/0", "start": 17471, "end": 17495 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1", "marks": [ "sup" ] }, { "text": ".Memher is Tigrigna for Teacher." } ] }, { "id": "b-1604e8782024ce90f3b73b24", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/53/0", "start": 17620, "end": 17644 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "2", "marks": [ "sup" ] }, { "text": ".Aboy is honorific, a sign of respect by youth towards the elderly" } ] } ], "anchors": { "top": "source-top", "sw_n0": "source-sw_n0", "sw_n1": "source-sw_n1", "active_menu": "source-active_menu", "sw_n2": "source-sw_n2", "sw_n3": "source-sw_n3" }, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/1", "start": 670, "end": 4859 }, "text": "Awate Main Menu Front Page News & Analysis Articles Interviews Documents Belly Of The Beast Human Rights Regional Events Awate Team Cartoons The Pencil (Editorial) Martyrs' Album Search Awate", "text_sha256": "a3be09a6ea43b69a4d360fbe8051300dcb0316c1578b99f4bba0b63f705110ed", "reason": "Inherited Awate category navigation", "evidence": "Separate left sidebar menu contains Front Page, News/Editorial, regional categories and Search; not part of testimony.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/3", "start": 18336, "end": 25325 }, "text": "VoMD June 21, 2007 March for Freedom Posting Guidlines Constitution of the Awate Foundation Contribute Donate through Mail To Scramble The Horn of Africa", "text_sha256": "402fbae6f6a7b332ba5fc3d63d742a1533737be7c41a407bd7a5a7cff3f87f01", "reason": "Inherited Awate promotions/donation sidebar", "evidence": "Separate right column links to publishing guidelines, donation/foundation and promotion unrelated to article.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/6", "start": 25374, "end": 25824 }, "text": "? 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Featured Articles By Ibrahim Tada - Jul 26, 2010 The most shocking feature, in the interview with Eyob Bahta Habtemariam, EraEro prison guard, is the story of his colleagues and himself being open air detainees. This double sided situation is not created from void; it is the offspring of the regime's relation with its cohorts. The EraEro issue, beside its portrayal of how zealots turn into victims, illustrates the way the ethnocratic regime manipulates citizens who have ardent sectarian inclination. This unjustified excessive sectarian emotion emboldened the dictator to establish his destructive project; likewise, it is the juncture where mafia intermarried with sectarianism and labored the tragedy of the Eritrean people. Reiteration of catastrophes is the symptom of the presence of undisclosed ailment. The adversity of EraEro guards is a good example that demonstrates the complaint - the interminglement of mafia with sectarianism. This intertwinement has produced a virus that repeatedly infects the people of Eritrea. It is regrettable to recognize potential victims defending ferociously the virus that the mafia utilizes to destroy all without discrimination. Sectarians create a calamity and awake too late to begin generating a new journey of disaster; sworn never to reconsider their mistakes. This groundless stand has exacerbated the Eritrean problem to the stage that threatens its sovereignty. To realize co-existence, peace, stability and development, Eritreans should unmask and dismantle the fatal sectarian practices – unvaccinated frenetic sectarianism. The dictator carries out continual changes in his cabinet to embarrass his subjects and ensure the security of his regime. He is well-known for freezing and reshuffling his ministers, ambassadors, regional authorities, farmers and teenagers. This policy of reallocation completely halted when it reached the EraEro guards to relate the hidden story of the regime. The policy the regime applied on EraEro guards is a typical mafia conduct. The guards remained in the same post for nine years without moving a single man from them. This issue requires to pause upon, so as to explore the reality from which Eritrea is suffering. The subject doesn't just narrate the story of guards, but conceals the psychological stress the regime exerts upon its subjects. A rational question poses itself here; what is the purpose of keeping the EraEro guards in the same post without promotion in their military ranks, skills and financial status? Why do they request them to hide their workplace? Why do they deny them regular vacation? Where are the human resources development programs which the regime propagates, from the EraEro guards? The EraEro guards are not picked out randomly from the Eritrean defense forces. They are chosen from zealots who support the regime. The issue is gravely sensitive and top secret, thus selection usually occurs from those with avid tendency to sectarianism - without doubt, the EraEro guards are from one ethnic group. They brainwash them to perpetrate crimes willingly against guiltless citizens. Some of the fanatics might be stunned by this attitude, but no way to escape from the grips of the mafia. The regime is an expert in the art of disguising. The EraEro guards are top confidential walking files. The dictator's security requirements demand their confinement. The task is forbidden to circulate to unlimited number of guards. The files are under intense control, because they ensue serious impeachment. It is trouble-free to get rid of a specified number of guards - it is a well premeditated procedure of crime. In the eyes of the mafia regime, zealots are not different from those deprived of all their rights. The moment the mission is accomplished, the regime meditates about their extermination. The dictator dreads the people of Eritrea, because they threaten his authority, and he fears his associates, for they might infiltrate information of crimes executed against innocent citizens and patriots. Someone might despise the idea of supporters transformed to victims, but this notion is unsurprising to those who comprehend the nature of mafias. The EraEro guards instance substantiates the turning of fanatics to victims. The guards and prisoners of EraEro are a typical example of how the regime betrays its followers. At some point, the supporters of the regime were diehard extremists until they were caught in the snares of the regime. The more the fanatics adore the regime the more they are prone to entanglement in its traps that will result into their annihilation. Numbers at EraEro has a rare story to tell. In that remote area prison, the regime decided to replace the names of prisoners with digits. Though the number of prisoners does not exceed the members of three or four families, the regime preferred to digitize them. The coding of the detainees with figures expresses more about the regime’s nature than the prisoners. This is a further proof that unveils the criminal traits of the regime and similarly reveals the degree of secrecy the regime deals with. Eyob Bahta enumerated the inhuman conditions of the prisoners. At that heavily guarded remote place, and inside locked containers, the prisoners have both their hands and legs chained around the clock. This indicates the cruelty of the regime and the level of timidity of its leader. It is impossible for an honest leader to be terrified to this extent. Such an acute horror is the behavior of a bloody villain who is hunted by the ghosts of his victims. Eyob Bahta also spoke bitterly in detail about the maltreatment of Lt. Colonel EsHak Araya (Wadi Hakim), EraEro prison leader. Wadi Hakim exploits his authority to obtain illegal benefits. He has turned the prison guards into his personal servants and favors the soldiers who assent to work in his private businesses. He runs the prison without accountability; of course, this is not absent from the calculations of the dictator. Wadi Hakim is left to stall-feed like a cow for slaughter. Lt. Colonel EsHak Araya, Eyob Bahta and the other EraEro guards are all equal in the eyes of the dictator; they are files for eradication at the end of their mission. The suspension of Lt. Colonel EsHak in the same rank and position for nine years without promotion proves his extermination at any time in the future. In the past decades, thousands of walking files were exterminated without instigating any dread to the regime; they never deprived the dictator sleep like the EraEro prisoners issue. He understands that the files of associates in abductions, assassinations and looting could easily be destroyed without causing him distress. This confirms being an obedient and privileged associate could never make a fanatic secure from the mafias that currently spread throughout the country. The collaborators of the regime are apt to elimination by their immediate seniors or direct orders from the dictator and his generals - each criminal entombs the files that worry him. The shutting out of crucial files has already commenced. Within the past months, as the Eritrean cyber-news media publicized, there were obscure deaths of Brigadier General TekeA Habtom, Brigadier General TekhleMariam Haleqa, Capt. Robel Kahsai and Capt. Wadi Mana Gergis. On 28 June 2010, General Rezene Siyum (Wadi Hafti) - who is very close to the dictator and head of security forces in Dankalia - died suddenly following a directive of transferring him to Gash from Dankalia. Indisputably, these are operations of burning sensitive files. News might leak about the liquidation of highly sensitive files, but regarding the destruction of minor files, which take place on daily basis, no one hears about them. The most difficult problem the dictator faces in decades is the issue of EraEro prison detainees. Most of them were famous leaders of Shabia and the transitional government. The conflict raised between them, concerning the war with Ethiopia, forced him to imprison them openly. He usually arrests at the dead of night, but the conflict situation imposed upon him to change his tactics. This alternation has caused him a great damage. He is incapable to reverse this challenge, which circumstance has dictated, into the dead of night abduction and obscure deaths, a condition that normally permits him to deny without hesitation the whereabouts of the kidnapped citizens. The brutality of the regime is crystal clear to the people of Eritrea and the international community. This sound knowledge doesn't affect radically the source of supply of agents for the regime, because accomplices shun expressing their experience with the regime. They deem talking about their personal political history unveil them to the public, thus feel ashamed to declare their sectarian inclination which the mafia regime exploited to clutch power. When high rank leaders, cadres, and security agents escape, they usually speak about the crimes of the regime, but refrain to talk about their past history. This excessiveness in secrecy has made Eritreans to bleed continually and to encourage the regime and opportunists to mislead citizens incessantly with the same outdated boring methods. Eritreans should conceive that the only way to cure from rusts of the past and build a healthy nation is to approach our ailments blatantly and professionally. The picture of the regime is composed of two parts. Eyob Bahta’s testimony was about the prominent part of the picture - the crimes of the regime. The second part of the picture, which exposes the tactics applied to recruit agents, is equally important in order to wipe out the regime. This part also requires witnesses so as to bar the regime from vital mechanism of survival. The people of Eritrea aspire from Eyob Bahta and others who have found themselves unexpectedly in the ploys of the regime to tell their story truthfully and without fear. Why did the regime choose Eyob Bahta to be in the unit of EraEro prison guards? How did the regime recruit him? Revealing their political history will dehydrate the regime from fresh recruits and protect many Eritreans from enmeshing in its snares. The leaders who were part of the regime and later fled to join the opposition camp should break their silence and speak about the group they were part of. It is stark opportunism to aspire for leadership in the opposition camp, at the time debarring the Eritrean people from their knowledge about the regime. Ex-shabia leaders and cadres testimony is a valuable instrument that will disassemble the composition of the regime and terminate its existence. This should be the responsibility and principal mission of all the cadres who were once advocating for the regime. They should compensate the people of Eritrea with the exposure of what they were hatching together. The silence of these leaders about their past experiences is an indication of glaring betrayal to the people of Eritrea. The opposition camp should persuade the leaders, cadres and security forces who deserted the regime to divulge their personal political history. It is crucial to hear from Eyob Bahta and others about the hatching machine of the regime in order to strip and deter it from getting cohorts. The disclosure of mobilization system that takes place in the inner circles of the regime will contribute in sheltering citizens from the dictator and embryonic mafias that fabricate distorted justifications to inherit the disgrace of the regime. Isaias is not the end of tyranny. In the Eritrean political arena could appear over and over again groups of opportunists. They don't declare their tyranny openly, but come into view masked with different ideologies. They are distinguished by their fleeing from attending brothers' assembly, negate the consensus of the majority and recoil to groupings. They adore everything to be under their command, and desire to be the only voice that our people should listen and applaud for. If our people in the opposition camp are doomed to embrace lies and bow for tyranny, they would prefer Isaias the successful liar and tyrant. No need to waste time and efforts in the incubation of failed leaders who might develop into potential tyrants. The EraEro prisoners and guards dilemma depicts how opportunism and sectarianism interwoven to poison co-existence in Eritrea. Occupiers, the regime and its ilks have found in frenzied sectarianism a fertile medium for their growth and reproduction of the Eritrean tragedy. It is time to break this vicious circle by shelving hypocrites – socialists and democrats in front of the public and sectarians behind closed doors, a typical attitude of the number one hypocrite. Nothing makes Eritreans live in peace and prosperity except openness, truth and justice. Our people in the opposition camp should keep an eye on double-dealing leaders and cadres. B'ewanu znqqou zib'ee neyehdereni (A hyena that howls before sunset is dangerous). Nothing prevents a cheats from cheating his friends and colleagues. What do those who attempt to fool some of our people today have in store for tomorrow? Certainly, today's deceit is a scenario for tomorrow's doomsday. http://www.awate.com/portal/content/view/5656/5/", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "6556a7b4efff4160874223be", "source_sha256": "949ba7c09eef1d776981e6f13bfaea2422074db5bacc1c1f763f544388787a67", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-67574d0be29f733b8fe30d56", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/0", "start": 244, "end": 287 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "EraEro Guards: Files Awaiting Extermination" } ] }, { "id": "b-aa4381c573229f4b3f84058d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/1/1/0", "start": 1141, "end": 1185 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Awate - Featured Articles" } ] }, { "id": "b-0e62253d0996ec66b2cd49ec", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/3/1/0", "start": 1287, "end": 1340 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "By Ibrahim Tada - Jul 26, 2010" } ] }, { "id": "b-730815f4f2bade4321437279", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/0/0", "start": 1445, "end": 1449 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The most shocking feature, in the interview with Eyob Bahta Habtemariam, EraEro prison guard, is the story of his colleagues and himself being open air detainees. This double sided situation is not created from void; it is the offspring of the regime's relation with its cohorts. The EraEro issue, beside its portrayal of how zealots turn into victims, illustrates the way the ethnocratic regime manipulates citizens who have ardent sectarian inclination. This unjustified excessive sectarian emotion emboldened the dictator to establish his destructive project; likewise, it is the juncture where mafia intermarried with sectarianism and labored the tragedy of the Eritrean people." } ] }, { "id": "b-413201a665a1152098d4f437", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/2/0", "start": 2239, "end": 3105 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Reiteration of catastrophes is the symptom of the presence of undisclosed ailment. The adversity of EraEro guards is a good example that demonstrates the complaint - the interminglement of mafia with sectarianism. This intertwinement has produced a virus that repeatedly infects the people of Eritrea. It is regrettable to recognize potential victims defending ferociously the virus that the mafia utilizes to destroy all without discrimination. Sectarians create a calamity and awake too late to begin generating a new journey of disaster; sworn never to reconsider their mistakes. This groundless stand has exacerbated the Eritrean problem to the stage that threatens its sovereignty. To realize co-existence, peace, stability and development, Eritreans should unmask and dismantle the fatal sectarian practices – unvaccinated frenetic sectarianism." } ] }, { "id": "b-a6d1325137d8238cf09933d0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/4/0", "start": 3140, "end": 3510 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The dictator carries out continual changes in his cabinet to embarrass his subjects and ensure the security of his regime. He is well-known for freezing and reshuffling his ministers, ambassadors, regional authorities, farmers and teenagers. This policy of reallocation completely halted when it reached the EraEro guards to relate the hidden story of the regime." } ] }, { "id": "b-0e8c1d8eecaf12c45a9ca9f1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/6/0", "start": 3545, "end": 4319 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The policy the regime applied on EraEro guards is a typical mafia conduct. The guards remained in the same post for nine years without moving a single man from them. This issue requires to pause upon, so as to explore the reality from which Eritrea is suffering. The subject doesn't just narrate the story of guards, but conceals the psychological stress the regime exerts upon its subjects. A rational question poses itself here; what is the purpose of keeping the EraEro guards in the same post without promotion in their military ranks, skills and financial status? Why do they request them to hide their workplace? Why do they deny them regular vacation? Where are the human resources development programs which the regime propagates, from the EraEro guards?" } ] }, { "id": "b-6cb9bfee959aeb9b3f7ef0eb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/8/0", "start": 4354, "end": 4865 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The EraEro guards are not picked out randomly from the Eritrean defense forces. They are chosen from zealots who support the regime. The issue is gravely sensitive and top secret, thus selection usually occurs from those with avid tendency to sectarianism - without doubt, the EraEro guards are from one ethnic group. They brainwash them to perpetrate crimes willingly against guiltless citizens. Some of the fanatics might be stunned by this attitude, but no way to escape from the grips of the mafia." } ] }, { "id": "b-0977af10c3adde125122be9d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/10/0", "start": 4900, "end": 5326 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The regime is an expert in the art of disguising. The EraEro guards are top confidential walking files. The dictator's security requirements demand their confinement. The task is forbidden to circulate to unlimited number of guards. The files are under intense control, because they ensue serious impeachment. It is trouble-free to get rid of a specified number of guards - it is a well premeditated procedure of crime." } ] }, { "id": "b-429cb5af7c333919efabaac6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/12/0", "start": 5361, "end": 5762 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In the eyes of the mafia regime, zealots are not different from those deprived of all their rights. The moment the mission is accomplished, the regime meditates about their extermination. The dictator dreads the people of Eritrea, because they threaten his authority, and he fears his associates, for they might infiltrate information of crimes executed against innocent citizens and patriots." } ] }, { "id": "b-5d7245d2bf9bfae6cb7ebf12", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/14/0", "start": 5797, "end": 6381 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Someone might despise the idea of supporters transformed to victims, but this notion is unsurprising to those who comprehend the nature of mafias. The EraEro guards instance substantiates the turning of fanatics to victims. The guards and prisoners of EraEro are a typical example of how the regime betrays its followers. At some point, the supporters of the regime were diehard extremists until they were caught in the snares of the regime. The more the fanatics adore the regime the more they are prone to entanglement in its traps that will result into their annihilation." } ] }, { "id": "b-3dd3a3192dd5449f4966db6c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/16/0", "start": 6416, "end": 6926 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Numbers at EraEro has a rare story to tell. In that remote area prison, the regime decided to replace the names of prisoners with digits. Though the number of prisoners does not exceed the members of three or four families, the regime preferred to digitize them. The coding of the detainees with figures expresses more about the regime’s nature than the prisoners. This is a further proof that unveils the criminal traits of the regime and similarly reveals the degree of secrecy the regime deals with." } ] }, { "id": "b-3031a61531f3785b6e83c693", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/18/0", "start": 6961, "end": 7424 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Eyob Bahta enumerated the inhuman conditions of the prisoners. At that heavily guarded remote place, and inside locked containers, the prisoners have both their hands and legs chained around the clock. This indicates the cruelty of the regime and the level of timidity of its leader. It is impossible for an honest leader to be terrified to this extent. Such an acute horror is the behavior of a bloody villain who is hunted by the ghosts of his victims." } ] }, { "id": "b-3271c61d8fd4a779ad6d871f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/20/0", "start": 7459, "end": 8277 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Eyob Bahta also spoke bitterly in detail about the maltreatment of Lt. Colonel EsHak Araya (Wadi Hakim), EraEro prison leader. Wadi Hakim exploits his authority to obtain illegal benefits. He has turned the prison guards into his personal servants and favors the soldiers who assent to work in his private businesses. He runs the prison without accountability; of course, this is not absent from the calculations of the dictator. Wadi Hakim is left to stall-feed like a cow for slaughter. Lt. Colonel EsHak Araya, Eyob Bahta and the other EraEro guards are all equal in the eyes of the dictator; they are files for eradication at the end of their mission. The suspension of Lt. Colonel EsHak in the same rank and position for nine years without promotion proves his extermination at any time in the future." } ] }, { "id": "b-8e260ff4054d78a49fa997ee", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/22/0", "start": 8312, "end": 8983 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In the past decades, thousands of walking files were exterminated without instigating any dread to the regime; they never deprived the dictator sleep like the EraEro prisoners issue. He understands that the files of associates in abductions, assassinations and looting could easily be destroyed without causing him distress. This confirms being an obedient and privileged associate could never make a fanatic secure from the mafias that currently spread throughout the country. The collaborators of the regime are apt to elimination by their immediate seniors or direct orders from the dictator and his generals - each criminal entombs the files that worry him." } ] }, { "id": "b-3efdef2e6627dba7ea6608e0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/24/0", "start": 9018, "end": 9742 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The shutting out of crucial files has already commenced. Within the past months, as the Eritrean cyber-news media publicized, there were obscure deaths of Brigadier General TekeA Habtom, Brigadier General TekhleMariam Haleqa, Capt. Robel Kahsai and Capt. Wadi Mana Gergis. On 28 June 2010, General Rezene Siyum (Wadi Hafti) - who is very close to the dictator and head of security forces in Dankalia - died suddenly following a directive of transferring him to Gash from Dankalia. Indisputably, these are operations of burning sensitive files. News might leak about the liquidation of highly sensitive files, but regarding the destruction of minor files, which take place on daily basis, no one hears about them." } ] }, { "id": "b-c6f91dc761dc81c15f52b736", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/26/0", "start": 9777, "end": 10460 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The most difficult problem the dictator faces in decades is the issue of EraEro prison detainees. Most of them were famous leaders of Shabia and the transitional government. The conflict raised between them, concerning the war with Ethiopia, forced him to imprison them openly. He usually arrests at the dead of night, but the conflict situation imposed upon him to change his tactics. This alternation has caused him a great damage. He is incapable to reverse this challenge, which circumstance has dictated, into the dead of night abduction and obscure deaths, a condition that normally permits him to deny without hesitation the whereabouts of the kidnapped citizens." } ] }, { "id": "b-8af9c591ba79ba3758dc32c7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/28/0", "start": 10495, "end": 11467 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The brutality of the regime is crystal clear to the people of Eritrea and the international community. This sound knowledge doesn't affect radically the source of supply of agents for the regime, because accomplices shun expressing their experience with the regime. They deem talking about their personal political history unveil them to the public, thus feel ashamed to declare their sectarian inclination which the mafia regime exploited to clutch power. When high rank leaders, cadres, and security agents escape, they usually speak about the crimes of the regime, but refrain to talk about their past history. This excessiveness in secrecy has made Eritreans to bleed continually and to encourage the regime and opportunists to mislead citizens incessantly with the same outdated boring methods. Eritreans should conceive that the only way to cure from rusts of the past and build a healthy nation is to approach our ailments blatantly and professionally." } ] }, { "id": "b-f92194ca9fa353d3966f55d5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/30/0", "start": 11502, "end": 12311 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The picture of the regime is composed of two parts. Eyob Bahta’s testimony was about the prominent part of the picture - the crimes of the regime. The second part of the picture, which exposes the tactics applied to recruit agents, is equally important in order to wipe out the regime. This part also requires witnesses so as to bar the regime from vital mechanism of survival. The people of Eritrea aspire from Eyob Bahta and others who have found themselves unexpectedly in the ploys of the regime to tell their story truthfully and without fear. Why did the regime choose Eyob Bahta to be in the unit of EraEro prison guards? How did the regime recruit him? Revealing their political history will dehydrate the regime from fresh recruits and protect many Eritreans from enmeshing in its snares." } ] }, { "id": "b-3c7e745260055911cf17ae81", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/32/0", "start": 12346, "end": 13147 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The leaders who were part of the regime and later fled to join the opposition camp should break their silence and speak about the group they were part of. It is stark opportunism to aspire for leadership in the opposition camp, at the time debarring the Eritrean people from their knowledge about the regime. Ex-shabia leaders and cadres testimony is a valuable instrument that will disassemble the composition of the regime and terminate its existence. This should be the responsibility and principal mission of all the cadres who were once advocating for the regime. They should compensate the people of Eritrea with the exposure of what they were hatching together. The silence of these leaders about their past experiences is an indication of glaring betrayal to the people of Eritrea." } ] }, { "id": "b-aa0436c828d91024126521ac", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/34/0", "start": 13182, "end": 13725 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The opposition camp should persuade the leaders, cadres and security forces who deserted the regime to divulge their personal political history. It is crucial to hear from Eyob Bahta and others about the hatching machine of the regime in order to strip and deter it from getting cohorts. The disclosure of mobilization system that takes place in the inner circles of the regime will contribute in sheltering citizens from the dictator and embryonic mafias that fabricate distorted justifications to inherit the disgrace of the regime." } ] }, { "id": "b-835256fd48ba2419f1e3e971", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/36/0", "start": 13760, "end": 14515 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Isaias is not the end of tyranny. In the Eritrean political arena could appear over and over again groups of opportunists. They don't declare their tyranny openly, but come into view masked with different ideologies. They are distinguished by their fleeing from attending brothers' assembly, negate the consensus of the majority and recoil to groupings. They adore everything to be under their command, and desire to be the only voice that our people should listen and applaud for. If our people in the opposition camp are doomed to embrace lies and bow for tyranny, they would prefer Isaias the successful liar and tyrant. No need to waste time and efforts in the incubation of failed leaders who might develop into potential tyrants." } ] }, { "id": "b-8984d4a14e460bf8993c4484", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/38/0", "start": 14550, "end": 15025 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The EraEro prisoners and guards dilemma depicts how opportunism and sectarianism interwoven to poison co-existence in Eritrea. Occupiers, the regime and its ilks have found in frenzied sectarianism a fertile medium for their growth and reproduction of the Eritrean tragedy. It is time to break this vicious circle by shelving hypocrites – socialists and democrats in front of the public and sectarians behind closed doors, a typical attitude of the number one hypocrite." } ] }, { "id": "b-dea266b410d54529dcc40ca0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/40/0", "start": 15060, "end": 15548 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Nothing makes Eritreans live in peace and prosperity except openness, truth and justice. Our people in the opposition camp should keep an eye on double-dealing leaders and cadres. B'ewanu znqqou zib'ee neyehdereni (A hyena that howls before sunset is dangerous). Nothing prevents a cheats from cheating his friends and colleagues. What do those who attempt to fool some of our people today have in store for tomorrow? Certainly, today's deceit is a scenario for tomorrow's doomsday." } ] }, { "id": "b-65b48ee9a8f0dcd1c794169c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/6/0", "start": 16001, "end": 16001 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "http://www.awate.com/portal/content/view/5656/5/" } ] } ], "anchors": {}, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/4", "start": 15673, "end": 15980 }, "text": "Next >", "text_sha256": "0b533b7e234737d9be99304f4b94282468342e126f3756a68c5cc0aaf2cb67eb", "reason": "Inherited publishing pagination control", "evidence": "Prev/Next/Back/Top links outside article narrative.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/1/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/6/1", "start": 16002, "end": 16017 }, "text": "[ Back ]", "text_sha256": "a96bdfa9b932ebf48f31944c8764f9c8b5908d71578625c4dcabdfcea86ced1b", "reason": "Inherited publishing pagination control", "evidence": "Prev/Next/Back/Top links outside article narrative.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/3", "start": 16185, "end": 17172 }, "text": "The authors of all articles that appear on awate.com are solely responsible for the views expressed in the articles. 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The Atrocities of 18 June, 1997 By \"Selam Fithi\" - Jun 19, 2004 Many have written about this dreadful incident th", "original_sha256": "c2df1abd3b2762c07067c7f1b46fc30f569f02b352225a280f98038513227231" }, { "field": "date", "value": "Jun 19, 2004", "source_excerpt": "dy's Martyrs? The Atrocities of 18 June, 1997 By \"Selam Fithi\" - Jun 19, 2004 Many have written about this dreadful incident that took place j", "original_sha256": "c2df1abd3b2762c07067c7f1b46fc30f569f02b352225a280f98038513227231" } ], "text": "Somebody's Martyrs? The Atrocities of 18 June, 1997 By \"Selam Fithi\" - Jun 19, 2004 Many have written about this dreadful incident that took place just two days before Martyrs Day 1997. About 150 Eritrean prisoners were executed in the night of 18-19 June that year. TV Zete in Sweden and Awate.Com's Investigative Report of 13 March 2003 were among those that tried to shed some light on the incident. For my part, I've met people who have credible knowledge of the circumstances of the night of 18 June 1997. The following brief narration is a synthesis (amalgam) of accounts, deliberately presented in this way to protect the identity of those who reported them. In the afternoon hours of June 18, the prisoners (who were in Cಣere, Asmara) were told to get ready for an outing. Some of them were asking \"do we need to take our blankets and little belongings with us?\" The prison guards told them there was no need for that. The whole afternoon and up to the early evening hours each prisoner was photographed from various angles (front shot, profile etc.). They were subsequently taken, in batches, to the outskirts of Asmara. A large pit (\"Abi gahsi\") had been dug in an area near Kushet village west of Asmara where a military squad was waiting. All the prisoners were gunned down and buried in the pit. This is one of many sad events in Eritrea's recent past. 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The Atrocities of 18 June, 1997 By \"Selam Fithi\" - Jun 19, 2004 Many have written about this dreadful incident that took place j", "original_sha256": "c2df1abd3b2762c07067c7f1b46fc30f569f02b352225a280f98038513227231" } ], "catalog_declarations": { "author": null, "date": null } } } ], "alias_ids": [ "6af622fac9112a80f10f1f2c" ], "related": [], "pdf": null }, { "id": "doc-7155fcb5388d4864e4f06635", "href": "/testmony-v2/doc-7155fcb5388d4864e4f06635/", "kind": "html", "title": "Eritrea: The Prisons Network", "original_title": "prilist.php", "title_provenance": { "policy": "ehrea-display-titles-v1", "title": "Eritrea: The Prisons Network", "original_title": "prilist.php", "method": "editorial-source-evidence", "confidence": "high", "review_required": false, "editorial_note": "Source heading transcribed verbatim; no translation or metadata rewrite.", "source_sha256": "c3be0005cf57f2163c51586db955c7c589ed34bd29118d0ff0a5b1b4026920d7", "evidence": [ { "kind": "catalog-text", "quote": "Eritrea: The Prisons Network" } ] }, "editorial_title": true, "title_review_required": false, "alternate_titles": [ "prilist.php", "Eritrea: The Prisons Network" ], "language": "en", "author": "Awate Team", "byline": "Awate Team", "byline_role": "Author", "date": "Sep 21, 2009", "metadata_evidence": [ { "field": "credit", "value": "Awate Team", "source_excerpt": "Eritrea: The Prisons Network Awate - Awate Team By Awate Team - Sep 21, 2009 This is a list containing prisons i", "original_sha256": "c3be0005cf57f2163c51586db955c7c589ed34bd29118d0ff0a5b1b4026920d7" }, { "field": "date", "value": "Sep 21, 2009", "source_excerpt": "Eritrea: The Prisons Network Awate - Awate Team By Awate Team - Sep 21, 2009 This is a list containing prisons in Eritrea where the governmen", "original_sha256": "c3be0005cf57f2163c51586db955c7c589ed34bd29118d0ff0a5b1b4026920d7" } ], "text": "Eritrea: The Prisons Network Awate - Awate Team By Awate Team - Sep 21, 2009 This is a list containing prisons in Eritrea where the government keeps prisoners of conscience. It is certainly not an exhaustive list of all the prisons in the country where thousands are kept without formal charges and without visitation rights. Those who die in those prisons are unceremoniously buried by the prison wardens and the government rarely notifies the next of kin. To view the location of the prisons (Google map) click on the links. Not all prisons are linked. 1 Aderser Aderser (in Sawa): military punishment (harsh punishment probably torturing)- and training camp with underground cells. Aderser, near Sawa. Underground cells used. (USSD report for 2005) [4f] (p2, section 1c) 2 Adi Abeito prison complex 1 3 Adi Abeito prison complex 2 Adi Abeto (near Asmara): Major Prison for Asmara, with shipping containers serving as punishment cell. Adi Abeto army prison near Asmara. Incident of 4 November 2004, where prisoners were killed trying to escape after a wall was pushed over. (AI 2005) [5a]; (USSD report for 2004) [4e] (p1-2) AI reported that Adi Abeto was the initial detention facility for the Maltese returns of 2002: women, children and those over the military service age of 40 were detained for several weeks, but the military deserters were held incommunicado and tortured, before being transferred to Dahlek Kebir. [5c] (p23) Shipping containers reported as being used as punishment blocks in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) 4 Adi Keih Adi Keih (Asmara): detention Centre i.e. for national service dodgers. Adi Keih town prison. AI has reported this prison was used as an initial detention facility for draft evaders. (AI 28 July 2005) [5h] 5 Agip Agip (Asmara): detention centre i.e. for journalists. Agip, Asmara. The location, according to Reporters Without Borders, of eight of the nine state media journalists arrested in November 2006. (Awate, 3 December 2006) [50s] \"Located behind the 'Capitol' cinema and opposite the presidential palace, this complex is 'where the police take detainess to torture them before transferring them to their final destination,' a former detainee told Reporters Without Borders.\" [50s] (p2) Alla (near Dekemhare): Prison cells in shipping containers Alla, Decamhare town. Shipping containers reported as being used as punishment blocks in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) 7 Assab Assab (in the Port of Assab): Military detention Assab military prison, near the port of Assab. Human Rights Without Frontiers reported on 7 May 2003 that 74 soldiers were detained in Assab prison. [68a] The initial query claimed that the prison was known to house up to 5000 prisoners and that it held soldiers that \"ran afoul of their government\". [68a] 8 Adi Nefas Adi Nefas (in/near Assab): military detention centre. 9 Adi Qala Adi Qala (around 40 km north of the Ethiopian boarder between Asmara and Medefera): Military detention. 10 Baharia Baharia (Massawa): Marine(navy) base. 11 Barentu Barentu (Barentu): General Prison. 12 Dahlek Kebir Dahlak Kebir (Dahlak Islands): detention centre i.e. political prisoners , including deportees from countries such as Egypt, Libya and Malta. Dahlek Kebir, Dahlak islands. Detention and prison facilities built on the main Dahlek island in the Red Sea, with a capacity for 800 prisoners, and comprising of eight large sheet metal buildings. (AI May 2004). [5c] (p16) It is where many of the detainees from the returns by Malta and Libya are thought to be imprisoned (HRW 2005) [29c] AI reported that in December 2002, 95 civilians and 85 conscript deserters of the Maltese returns arrived in Dahlek Kebir, with the civilians transferred back to the mainland in July 2003. [5c] (p23) 13 Duarwa Duarwa (South of Asmara between Adi Quala and Adi Ugri): General Prison· (The name is Dubarwa; however the area can be corrected accordingly….. my Note 14 Eiraeiro Eiraeiro (Filfil-Selomuna between Asmara and Massawa): detention centre for political prisoners. Eiraeiro, Filfil-Selomuna area north of the Asmara-Massawa road. A 'secret' prison for political prisoners ( Awate.com, 31 August 2006) [50m]. It was purpose built in 2003, receiving the G15/G11 political prisoners from Embatkala in June 2003. It is reported to be comprised of 5 main blocks, with 2 main cell blocks, and 62 rooms used as cells; the standard cell size is 3 x 3 meters. [50m] (p2) The article claims there are 36 political prisoners, and names most of them, giving their cell numbers. [50m] (p2,3) Conditions are basic, and prisoners are chained and in solitary confinement. [50m] (p3-4) One hundred and fifty guards and staff operate the prison; the guards are heavily vetted and monitored. [50m] (p4-5) Reporters Without Borders, as reported in an IRIN news article of 16 November 2006, adds: that \"at least 62 political prisoners\" are held at Eiraeiro; that nine detainees had died as a \"result of 'various illnesses, psychological pressure or suicide'.\" and that three of the deaths were of journalists detained since September 2001. [19a] 15 Fifth Police Station Fifth Police Station (Second 'Karsehli'), left, with Expo roundabout, center 16 Fifth Police Station Fifth Police Station in Asmara (Second 'Karsheli') , between Expo grounds and Space 2001 (built 2005) believed to be one of the cruelest interrogation centers 17 Galaalo Galaalo (desert area near the Red Sea coast): military forced labor camp. Galaalo military camp, Red Sea coast. Deaths of conscripted students reported in August 2001 while performing forced labor. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p20) 18 Gedem Gedem (circa 40 km south of Massawa): forced labor camp to build the marine base. Gedem prison, 40 km south of Massawa. It is alleged to be the site of forced labor in 2004, with the construction of a naval base, numbering 400 prisoners who received minimal food and water, no medical attention after injury and the use of confinement in shipping containers in excessive temperatures as punishment. (Ehrag section, Awate.com, 16 June 2006) [50 h] 19 Gahteley ·Ghatelay (between Asmara and Massawa): forced military labor camp (Note: the name can be pronounced as Ghahtelay). Gahteley military camp, reception centre for new recruits. (Awate article, 26 November 2004) [50e ] 20 Haddis Ma'askar Haddis Ma’askar (in Sawa along the boarded with Sudan): military prisons with underground cells. Haddis Ma'askar. An army prison equipped with underground cells (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) 21 Halhale Halhale (in Asmara): detention centre i.e. for those who illegally tried to cross the borders. 22 Kambo Ndafurstale Kambo Ndafurstale (Sanafe): Military Prison. 23 Karsheli prison Wengel Mermera (Asmara): interrogation centre for i.e. political prisoners and Muslims. Wengel Mermera (Wenjel Mirmera) investigation centre. Sources refer to this centre as being where most of the detainees of Asmara mass arrests are held, such as, according to Release Eritrea \"… the dungeon-like inner prison in Asmara where many of Eritrea's prominent political prisoners are also believed to be incarcerated.\" [31] The AI May 2004 report adds that it is a special security section in the 2nd police station, Asmara. [5c] (p16) Compass Direct, April 2006, maintains that the 70 muslims arrested for protesting about the Government's imposition of a new chief mufti were detained in Wengel Mermera in one cell. Karsheli prison (center). (Wenjel mermera section at the back) 24 Klima Klima (near Assab): General Prison. 25 Mai Edaga Mai Daga (near Dekemhare): Military prisons with shipping containers used for punishment· Mai Edaga, Decamhare town. Shipping containers reported as being used as punishment blocks in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) 26 Mai Duma Mai Duma (South of Asmara): Military Camp. 27 Mai Serwa Mai Srwa (near Asmara): with underground cells and shipping containers i.e. used to punish political-prisoners and national service dodgers. Mai Serwa military camp near Asmara. The camp is used for the detention of draft evaders, and uses metal shipping containers and underground cells. (AI 28 July 2005) [5h] Human Rights Without Frontiers locates Mai Serwa as near Keren, with the initial query stating that it is three story’s high with the main prison built underground. (Canadian IRB 14 July 2003) [68a] AI reported in December 2005 that Helen Berhane, the Rema church gospel singer, \"… is held at Mai Serwa military camp near Asmara, in a metal shipping container with little ventilation that alternates between hot and cold temperature extremes and has no washing or toilet facilities.\" A Release Eritrea briefing, posted 25 June 2006, adds that Helen Berhane had been caught listening to a radio and \"As punishment she was transferred to an underground cell, where she was kept chained for two weeks.\" [31e] Helen Berhane was released from prison in October 2006 (Release-Eritrea, 2 November 2006) [31h] (AI, 3 November 2006) [5o] ( CSW, 3 November 2006) [67c] The AI report of 3 November 2006 notes that initially, Ms Berhane was hospitalized in Asmara, where she was confined to a wheelchair \"due to the injuries she sustained to her feet and legs\". [5o] Mai Srwa prison (includes shipping containers) 28 Mai Temenei Mai Temenei (Asmara): military prison with underground cells. Mai Temenei. An army prison equipped with underground cells (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) 29 Metkelabet Metkelabet (between Asmara and Massawa): military prison. 30 Me’eter Me’eter (between Nakfa and the coast): military prisons. 31 Sawa Sawa (along Sawa river, near the boarder with Sudan): military punishment camp for i.e. national service dodgers, religious minority members an those who try to cross the boarder illegally .Furthermore ,Sawa is a training camp for 12th grade regular military training. Sawa Military Training Camp, near the Sudan border. The complex includes the prison camp of Brigade Six, comprising of temporary barracks built on a hilltop to the right of the main camp. According to the testimony of an ex-prisoner reproduced by Awate.com, \"Sawa prison is made entirely of tin material\" and thus insufferably hot in the day and cold at night. It comprises of twelve tin barrack blocks. Malnutrition, poor hygiene and lack of medical attention reported, with high levels of infections and diseases associated with poor living conditions. (Ehrag section, Awate.com, 25 April 2006) [50 h] Photos of Sawa in 2000 and 2004 are to found in slide shows on the website of the National Union of Eritrean Youth Students (NUEYS) http://www.denden.com/NUEYS/. The USSD report for 2005 notes there were alleged cases of the rape and sexual abuse of female recruits by Sawa instructors. [4f] (p2, section 1c) 32 Sembel Sembel (Asmara): detention centre for i.e. political prisoners and religious-stream followers. Sembel prison, Asmara. An officially-designated prison for political prisoners. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) 33 Tehadasso Tehadasso: military prisons with shipping containers used as punishment cell. Tehadasso army prison. Shipping containers reported as being used as punishment blocks in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) 34 Tessenei Tessenei (Tessenei): military prison / rehabilitation centre. Tessenei military prison, classed as 'rehabilitation centre'. Allegations of torture, beatings and general abuse reported in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p18) 35 \"Tract B\" Tract B (Asmara): military prison. \"Tract B\" military prison, Asmara. It comprises of a former US storage facility near Asmara airport. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) In late 2002, some EPLF veterans among the Maltese returnees were separated out at Adi Abeto and then sent to Tract B prison. [5c] (p23) Tract B - prison, Asmara, (designated for national service conscripts) 36 Tsererat Tsererat (Asmara): military prison with underground cells primarily for EPLF-veterans. Tsererat prison, Asmara. \"Mainly for EPLF veterans, held in underground cells.\" (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) 37 Wi'a/Wea Wi’a (south of Massawa to the Red Sea Coast): military punishment and training camp for i.e. national service dodgers / deserters and religious minorities. Wi'a/Wea detention centre. A desert detention camp built on the Red Sea coast. Temperatures in this area are often over 40 degrees centigrade. 121 men, arrested during the mass arrests on 28 May 2005 at the Meserete/Full Gospel wedding, are still reported as being in detention in Wi'a. [46b] (p2) The camp mainly processes youths detained in roundups; the reports of the February 2006 giffa indicate that the Anseba region high school students were sent to Wi'a. [50j] On 10 June 2005, a mass escape was attempted, and the authorities shot and killed 161 youths. [4f] (p1, section 1a) (USSD report for 2005) 6 Alla \\n awateteam@awate.com This email address is being protected from spam bots, you need Javascript enabled to view it NB: This list was compiled from three sources - www.ehrea.org, www.assenna.com and www.awate.com. To see the details for the source list click here. Last Updated ( Sep 21, 2009 )", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "7155fcb5388d4864e4f06635", "source_sha256": "d7950aa9fa42d2f54e30f9e8e511bad3a3f2fcaad9510b5f616f9323149779c8", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-1d627a88aec88e67cb364d02", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/0/0", "start": 170, "end": 198 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Eritrea: The Prisons Network" } ] }, { "id": "b-038c701bf9581bf11d8cce39", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/1/1/1/0", "start": 448, "end": 484 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Awate - Awate Team" } ] }, { "id": "b-7070c2d9ad075abf60f78b7c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/3/1/1/0", "start": 598, "end": 648 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "By Awate Team - Sep 21, 2009" } ] }, { "id": "b-e0cf521b02ac2cb9271ceb9f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/0/0", "start": 759, "end": 763 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "This is a list containing prisons in Eritrea where the government keeps prisoners of conscience. It is certainly not an exhaustive list of all the prisons in the country where thousands are kept without formal charges and without visitation rights. Those who die in those prisons are unceremoniously buried by the prison wardens and the government rarely notifies the next of kin." } ] }, { "id": "b-605b39e6573658a57456f001", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/2/0", "start": 1212, "end": 1309 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "To view the location of the prisons (Google map) click on the links. Not all prisons are linked." } ] }, { "id": "b-e1cf04af6ec23060f423de01", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/4/0", "start": 1378, "end": 1379 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1 " }, { "text": "Aderser", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&q=Sawa,+Forto,+Eritrea&sll=15.564629,37.865539&sspn=0.023358,0.049267&ie=UTF8&cd=1&geocode=FXgT9AAdFrs2Ag&split=0&t=h&ll=15.694938,36.976891&spn=0.046686,0.066004&z=14&iwloc=A" } ] }, { "id": "b-e4abac3f2b950c8f451d0b4e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/6/0", "start": 1773, "end": 1991 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Aderser (in Sawa): military punishment (harsh punishment probably torturing)- and training camp with underground cells. Aderser, near Sawa. Underground cells used. (USSD report for 2005) [4f] (p2, section 1c)" } ] }, { "id": "b-bd17ebc97c7f516dfdf150bc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/8/0", "start": 2026, "end": 2027 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "2 " }, { "text": "Adi Abeito prison complex 1", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&time=&date=&ttype=&q=asmara&ie=UTF8&ll=15.380971,38.905334&spn=0.007676,0.020599&t=h&z=16&om=1%3e" } ] }, { "id": "b-935566a0ae5a84fce5816397", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/10/0", "start": 2353, "end": 2354 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "3 " }, { "text": "Adi Abeito prison complex 2", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&time=&date=&ttype=&q=asmara&ie=UTF8&ll=15.380971,38.905334&spn=0.003838,0.0103&t=h&z=17&om=1%3e" } ] }, { "id": "b-0069a934fa730d11746772df", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/12/0", "start": 2678, "end": 2779 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Adi Abeto (near Asmara): Major Prison for Asmara, with shipping containers serving as punishment cell." } ] }, { "id": "b-be884411aeda8ac2abffb3fd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/14/0", "start": 2814, "end": 3427 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Adi Abeto army prison near Asmara. Incident of 4 November 2004, where prisoners were killed trying to escape after a wall was pushed over. (AI 2005) [5a]; (USSD report for 2004) [4e] (p1-2) AI reported that Adi Abeto was the initial detention facility for the Maltese returns of 2002: women, children and those over the military service age of 40 were detained for several weeks, but the military deserters were held incommunicado and tortured, before being transferred to Dahlek Kebir. [5c] (p23) Shipping containers reported as being used as punishment blocks in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16)" } ] }, { "id": "b-305643cdd3916ff866bb8b1d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/16/0", "start": 3462, "end": 3463 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "4 " }, { "text": "Adi Keih", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?t=h&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=14.849314,39.373841&spn=0.023437,0.033002&z=15" } ] }, { "id": "b-a6e1bab7d0b910deff9c836a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/18/0", "start": 3693, "end": 3762 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Adi Keih (Asmara): detention Centre i.e. for national service dodgers." } ] }, { "id": "b-fca164eb50f34ec6a17f4960", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/20/0", "start": 3797, "end": 3932 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Adi Keih town prison. AI has reported this prison was used as an initial detention facility for draft evaders. (AI 28 July 2005) [5h]" } ] }, { "id": "b-eedf321a9b5d44de71d9bc94", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/22/0", "start": 3967, "end": 3968 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "5 " }, { "text": "Agip", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=agip,+asmara,+eritrea&sll=15.70577,38.957315&sspn=0.011712,0.016501&ie=UTF8&ll=15.337754,38.931347&spn=0.001467,0.002063&t=h&z=19" } ] }, { "id": "b-01626b85726a3e14416950c6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/24/0", "start": 4312, "end": 4364 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Agip (Asmara): detention centre i.e. for journalists." } ] }, { "id": "b-60ea45f3e03d6c6130f29c76", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/26/0", "start": 4399, "end": 4831 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Agip, Asmara. The location, according to Reporters Without Borders, of eight of the nine state media journalists arrested in November 2006. (Awate, 3 December 2006) [50s] \"Located behind the 'Capitol' cinema and opposite the presidential palace, this complex is 'where the police take detainess to torture them before transferring them to their final destination,' a former detainee told Reporters Without Borders.\" [50s] (p2)" } ] }, { "id": "b-08c6d9a63607503e42b29724", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/28/0", "start": 4866, "end": 4923 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Alla (near Dekemhare): Prison cells in shipping containers" } ] }, { "id": "b-e2ae477d62840993f2957959", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/30/0", "start": 4958, "end": 5132 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Alla, Decamhare town. Shipping containers reported as being used as punishment blocks in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16)" } ] }, { "id": "b-7776a7962b06f5ae65b62a0d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/32/0", "start": 5167, "end": 5168 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "7 " }, { "text": "Assab", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?t=h&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=13.00853,42.742267&spn=0.023625,0.033002&z=15" } ] }, { "id": "b-5eab387e13d3c7719acd8d84", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/34/0", "start": 5394, "end": 5442 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Assab (in the Port of Assab): Military detention" } ] }, { "id": "b-5c82cdc0aa9cf2e0ccc16368", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/36/0", "start": 5477, "end": 5818 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Assab military prison, near the port of Assab. Human Rights Without Frontiers reported on 7 May 2003 that 74 soldiers were detained in Assab prison. [68a] The initial query claimed that the prison was known to house up to 5000 prisoners and that it held soldiers that \"ran afoul of their government\". [68a]" } ] }, { "id": "b-215fa264e65a30eb2f3e5371", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/38/0", "start": 5853, "end": 5854 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "8 " }, { "text": "Adi Nefas", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?t=h&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=15.031893,38.920387&spn=0.011709,0.016501&z=16" } ] }, { "id": "b-9e4ef83a553d7fbaa26cb372", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/40/0", "start": 6085, "end": 6137 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Adi Nefas (in/near Assab): military detention centre." } ] }, { "id": "b-c5b94bf5f3d1300de7ebd55b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/42/0", "start": 6172, "end": 6173 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "9 " }, { "text": "Adi Qala", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?t=h&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=14.637818,38.834267&spn=0.02346,0.033002&z=15" } ] }, { "id": "b-f21413aa9ea5a3d3b5232b76", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/44/0", "start": 6402, "end": 6506 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Adi Qala (around 40 km north of the Ethiopian boarder between Asmara and Medefera): Military detention." } ] }, { "id": "b-ac4b901b9be61f456a960267", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/46/0", "start": 6541, "end": 6543 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "10 " }, { "text": "Baharia", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&q=Semenawi+Bahri+National+Park,+Massawa,+Eritrea&sll=15.70577,38.957315&sspn=0.011712,0.016501&ie=UTF8&cd=2&geocode=FSCi6QAdJOJZAg&split=0&ll=15.60915,39.4489&spn=0.046871,0.066004&t=h&z=14" } ] }, { "id": "b-e6807eafa11ee89e00fdcd35", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/48/0", "start": 6947, "end": 6984 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Baharia (Massawa): Marine(navy) base." } ] }, { "id": "b-3a6ac05e4d9586b07e8b6d19", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/50/0", "start": 7019, "end": 7021 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "11 " }, { "text": "Barentu", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?t=h&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=15.109125,37.589335&spn=0.023409,0.033002&z=15" } ] }, { "id": "b-7029fa2e9e1575b8542a3f03", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/52/0", "start": 7250, "end": 7350 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Barentu (Barentu): General Prison." } ] }, { "id": "b-b33373cc2bb49f9818c6d59b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/54/0", "start": 7385, "end": 7387 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "12 " }, { "text": "Dahlek Kebir", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&q=Dahlak+Kebr,+Dahlak,+Eritrea&sll=15.60915,39.4489&sspn=0.046871,0.066004&ie=UTF8&cd=1&geocode=Fcry7gAd9xdkAg&split=0&ll=15.669424,40.120643&spn=0.005857,0.00825&t=h&z=17" } ] }, { "id": "b-36c31972af5585693828c399", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/56/0", "start": 7778, "end": 7919 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Dahlak Kebir (Dahlak Islands): detention centre i.e. political prisoners , including deportees from countries such as Egypt, Libya and Malta." } ] }, { "id": "b-a172fef1ba170b50c0a37177", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/58/0", "start": 7954, "end": 8503 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Dahlek Kebir, Dahlak islands. Detention and prison facilities built on the main Dahlek island in the Red Sea, with a capacity for 800 prisoners, and comprising of eight large sheet metal buildings. (AI May 2004). [5c] (p16) It is where many of the detainees from the returns by Malta and Libya are thought to be imprisoned (HRW 2005) [29c] AI reported that in December 2002, 95 civilians and 85 conscript deserters of the Maltese returns arrived in Dahlek Kebir, with the civilians transferred back to the mainland in July 2003. [5c] (p23)" } ] }, { "id": "b-01616f635d3c548c104bcf94", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/60/0", "start": 8538, "end": 8540 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "13 " }, { "text": "Duarwa", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?t=h&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=15.204397,38.875337&spn=0.011699,0.016501&z=16" } ] }, { "id": "b-bbd179ce37c0096ffaa6f71d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/62/0", "start": 8768, "end": 8919 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Duarwa (South of Asmara between Adi Quala and Adi Ugri): General Prison· (The name is Dubarwa; however the area can be corrected accordingly….. my Note" } ] }, { "id": "b-70c0ddece7e782a0af3971e3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/64/0", "start": 8954, "end": 8956 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "14 " }, { "text": "Eiraeiro", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?t=h&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=15.70963,38.958195&spn=0.001632,0.002891&z=18" } ] }, { "id": "b-e1579398091ec3dbd04a47a9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/66/0", "start": 9185, "end": 10363 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Eiraeiro (Filfil-Selomuna between Asmara and Massawa): detention centre for political prisoners. Eiraeiro, Filfil-Selomuna area north of the Asmara-Massawa road. A 'secret' prison for political prisoners ( Awate.com, 31 August 2006) [50m]. It was purpose built in 2003, receiving the G15/G11 political prisoners from Embatkala in June 2003. It is reported to be comprised of 5 main blocks, with 2 main cell blocks, and 62 rooms used as cells; the standard cell size is 3 x 3 meters. [50m] (p2) The article claims there are 36 political prisoners, and names most of them, giving their cell numbers. [50m] (p2,3) Conditions are basic, and prisoners are chained and in solitary confinement. [50m] (p3-4) One hundred and fifty guards and staff operate the prison; the guards are heavily vetted and monitored. [50m] (p4-5) Reporters Without Borders, as reported in an IRIN news article of 16 November 2006, adds: that \"at least 62 political prisoners\" are held at Eiraeiro; that nine detainees had died as a \"result of 'various illnesses, psychological pressure or suicide'.\" and that three of the deaths were of journalists detained since September 2001. [19a]" } ] }, { "id": "b-5a88200d27125da6b4ef947c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/68/0", "start": 10398, "end": 10400 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "15 " }, { "text": "Fifth Police Station", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&time=&date=&ttype=&q=asmara&ie=UTF8&ll=15.320105,38.916342&spn=0.003839,0.006781&t=h&z=17&om=1%3e" } ] }, { "id": "b-54ec792e568a0d3ba5add3f6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/70/0", "start": 10719, "end": 10794 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Fifth Police Station (Second 'Karsehli'), left, with Expo roundabout, center" } ] }, { "id": "b-fa1459bdf945e9ee7d84652f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/72/0", "start": 10829, "end": 10831 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "16 " }, { "text": "Fifth Police Station", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&time=&date=&ttype=&q=asmara&ie=UTF8&ll=15.320105,38.914304&spn=0.001919,0.00339&t=h&z=18&om=1%3e" } ] }, { "id": "b-57d4de8e7ded83656aaac512", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/74/0", "start": 11149, "end": 11306 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Fifth Police Station in Asmara (Second 'Karsheli') , between Expo grounds and Space 2001 (built 2005) believed to be one of the cruelest interrogation centers" } ] }, { "id": "b-e83b015a925957e154505047", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/76/0", "start": 11341, "end": 11343 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "17 " }, { "text": "Galaalo", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?t=h&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=15.113517,40.089626&spn=0.019017,0.023131&z=15" } ] }, { "id": "b-64328229888fca6f3a59fe78", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/78/0", "start": 11572, "end": 11644 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Galaalo (desert area near the Red Sea coast): military forced labor camp." } ] }, { "id": "b-7b066e2190ce2ceb290ff373", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/80/0", "start": 11679, "end": 11828 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Galaalo military camp, Red Sea coast. Deaths of conscripted students reported in August 2001 while performing forced labor. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p20)" } ] }, { "id": "b-fd2f7e5b08e296078c55e565", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/82/0", "start": 11863, "end": 11865 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "18 " }, { "text": "Gedem", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?t=h&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=15.511503,39.522715&spn=0.037961,0.046263&z=14" } ] }, { "id": "b-2ec14f0c9743fb6c25153980", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/84/0", "start": 12092, "end": 12174 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Gedem (circa 40 km south of Massawa): forced labor camp to build the marine base." } ] }, { "id": "b-9f87e0ef958ab075fc90df96", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/86/0", "start": 12209, "end": 12578 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Gedem prison, 40 km south of Massawa. It is alleged to be the site of forced labor in 2004, with the construction of a naval base, numbering 400 prisoners who received minimal food and water, no medical attention after injury and the use of confinement in shipping containers in excessive temperatures as punishment. (Ehrag section, Awate.com, 16 June 2006) [50 h]" } ] }, { "id": "b-3c0c58a9b3448bb0d606c21d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/88/0", "start": 12613, "end": 12615 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "19 " }, { "text": "Gahteley", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?t=h&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=15.522436,39.152044&spn=0.004745,0.005783&z=17" } ] }, { "id": "b-87ba476b404b3de1e9fb5f17", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/90/0", "start": 12845, "end": 12959 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "·Ghatelay (between Asmara and Massawa): forced military labor camp (Note: the name can be pronounced as Ghahtelay)." } ] }, { "id": "b-3fcf0d20ee8da92e0b5ae3e0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/92/0", "start": 12994, "end": 13092 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Gahteley military camp, reception centre for new recruits. (Awate article, 26 November 2004) [50e ]" } ] }, { "id": "b-83c6c752c7982fd1aff76434", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/94/0", "start": 13127, "end": 13129 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "20 " }, { "text": "Haddis Ma'askar", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&q=Sawa,+Forto,+Eritrea&sll=15.564629,37.865539&sspn=0.023358,0.049267&ie=UTF8&cd=1&geocode=FXgT9AAdFrs2Ag&split=0&ll=15.694938,36.976891&spn=0.046686,0.066004&t=h&z=14" } ] }, { "id": "b-234bc04a6fba3070bf9b2eb3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/96/0", "start": 13519, "end": 13722 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Haddis Ma’askar (in Sawa along the boarded with Sudan): military prisons with underground cells. Haddis Ma'askar. An army prison equipped with underground cells (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16)" } ] }, { "id": "b-5116866eaf62d213374fa104", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/98/0", "start": 13757, "end": 13759 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "21 " }, { "text": "Halhale", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?t=h&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=15.056045,38.834245&spn=0.005854,0.00825&z=17" } ] }, { "id": "b-5eaa481689c3f671cddb0606", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/100/0", "start": 13987, "end": 14133 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Halhale (in Asmara): detention centre i.e. for those who illegally tried to cross the borders." } ] }, { "id": "b-92b8438b80dc94ed59af3bc3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/102/0", "start": 14168, "end": 14170 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "22 " }, { "text": "Kambo Ndafurstale", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?source=s_q&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ei=7BaySsKHHIOOsAOc8ompAg&cd=1&fb=0&usq=halhale,&geocode=Fdm75QAdu5lQAg&q=http://www.maplandia.com/eritrea/debub/debarwa/halhale/halhale-google-earth.kml&ftid=2770431A89DE21B1&ll=14.70055," } ] }, { "id": "b-dc6ead8e01bcfdb6a7b25bd9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/104/0", "start": 14575, "end": 14618 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Kambo Ndafurstale (Sanafe): Military Prison." } ] }, { "id": "b-890103871a3e34cd7b819fe7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/106/0", "start": 14653, "end": 14655 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "23 " }, { "text": "Karsheli prison", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&time=&date=&ttype=&q=asmara&ie=UTF8&ll=15.34248,38.940858&spn=0.001919,0.00339&t=h&z=18&om=1%3e" } ] }, { "id": "b-7c1e278cf96e797c896d2f53", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/108/0", "start": 14968, "end": 15055 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Wengel Mermera (Asmara): interrogation centre for i.e. political prisoners and Muslims." } ] }, { "id": "b-a1b1e82519f2b634f38a6974", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/110/0", "start": 15090, "end": 15723 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Wengel Mermera (Wenjel Mirmera) investigation centre. Sources refer to this centre as being where most of the detainees of Asmara mass arrests are held, such as, according to Release Eritrea \"… the dungeon-like inner prison in Asmara where many of Eritrea's prominent political prisoners are also believed to be incarcerated.\" [31] The AI May 2004 report adds that it is a special security section in the 2nd police station, Asmara. [5c] (p16) Compass Direct, April 2006, maintains that the 70 muslims arrested for protesting about the Government's imposition of a new chief mufti were detained in Wengel Mermera in one cell." } ] }, { "id": "b-87de0448f99ad15cc07bd05b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/112/0", "start": 15758, "end": 15819 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Karsheli prison (center). (Wenjel mermera section at the back)" } ] }, { "id": "b-9dc979931e7f135c2f274076", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/114/0", "start": 15854, "end": 15856 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "24 " }, { "text": "Klima", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?source=s_q&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ei=7BaySsKHHIOOsAOc8ompAg&cd=1&fb=0&usq=halhale,&geocode=Fdm75QAdu5lQAg&q=http://www.maplandia.com/eritrea/debub/debarwa/halhale/halhale-google-earth.kml&ftid=2770431A89DE21B1&ll=12.82878," } ] }, { "id": "b-2fb0d98bb2d4a04efa28d370", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/116/0", "start": 16249, "end": 16283 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Klima (near Assab): General Prison." } ] }, { "id": "b-20368ccf8d8b809555b3505d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/118/0", "start": 16318, "end": 16320 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "25 " }, { "text": "Mai Edaga", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?t=h&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=14.983052,39.041891&spn=0.023423,0.033002&z=15" } ] }, { "id": "b-ced023787afe5f3df28fddd9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/120/0", "start": 16551, "end": 16640 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mai Daga (near Dekemhare): Military prisons with shipping containers used for punishment·" } ] }, { "id": "b-e0c1be0267cf8715b257ceaa", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/122/0", "start": 16675, "end": 16809 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mai Edaga, Decamhare town. Shipping containers reported as being used as punishment blocks in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16)" } ] }, { "id": "b-87216f0c9bd698248520ca0e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/124/0", "start": 16844, "end": 16846 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "26 " }, { "text": "Mai Duma", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=eritrea&sll=14.880424,38.749809&sspn=0.093736,0.132008&ie=UTF8&ll=14.911953,38.735197&spn=0.005858,0.00825&t=h&z=17" } ] }, { "id": "b-a094626e1db93b0659e30900", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/126/0", "start": 17181, "end": 17514 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mai Duma (South of Asmara): Military Camp.", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=eritrea&sll=14.880424,38.749809&sspn=0.093736,0.132008&ie=UTF8&ll=14.911953,38.735197&spn=0.005858,0.00825&t=h&z=17" } ] }, { "id": "b-eb3654b0e7cbb88e66be3c0e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/128/0", "start": 17549, "end": 17851 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "27 Mai Serwa", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=eritrea&sll=14.880424,38.749809&sspn=0.093736,0.132008&ie=UTF8&ll=14.911953,38.735197&spn=0.005858,0.00825&t=h&z=17" } ] }, { "id": "b-62456eccd1e6ee4505bfe4a7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/130/0", "start": 17886, "end": 18300 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mai Srwa (near Asmara): with underground cells and shipping containers i.e. used to punish political-prisoners and national service dodgers.", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&time=&date=&ttype=&q=asmara&ie=UTF8&t=h&om=1&ll=15.395344,38.895389&spn=0.002932,0.004125&z=18&iwloc=A" } ] }, { "id": "b-0c5e4611c2ff1d12af475393", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/132/0", "start": 18335, "end": 19904 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mai Serwa military camp near Asmara. The camp is used for the detention of draft evaders, and uses metal shipping containers and underground cells. (AI 28 July 2005) [5h] Human Rights Without Frontiers locates Mai Serwa as near Keren, with the initial query stating that it is three story’s high with the main prison built underground. (Canadian IRB 14 July 2003) [68a] AI reported in December 2005 that Helen Berhane, the Rema church gospel singer, \"… is held at Mai Serwa military camp near Asmara, in a metal shipping container with little ventilation that alternates between hot and cold temperature extremes and has no washing or toilet facilities.\" A Release Eritrea briefing, posted 25 June 2006, adds that Helen Berhane had been caught listening to a radio and \"As punishment she was transferred to an underground cell, where she was kept chained for two weeks.\" [31e] Helen Berhane was released from prison in October 2006 (Release-Eritrea, 2 November 2006) [31h] (AI, 3 November 2006) [5o] ( CSW, 3 November 2006) [67c] The AI report of 3 November 2006 notes that initially, Ms Berhane was hospitalized in Asmara, where she was confined to a wheelchair \"due to the injuries she sustained to her feet and legs\". [5o] Mai Srwa prison (includes shipping containers)", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&time=&date=&ttype=&q=asmara&ie=UTF8&t=h&om=1&ll=15.395344,38.895389&spn=0.002932,0.004125&z=18&iwloc=A" } ] }, { "id": "b-41d50d3178cf1d474f099159", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/134/0", "start": 19939, "end": 20225 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "28 Mai Temenei", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&time=&date=&ttype=&q=asmara&ie=UTF8&t=h&om=1&ll=15.395344,38.895389&spn=0.002932,0.004125&z=18&iwloc=A" } ] }, { "id": "b-854504b429de911a48bb5dd7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/136/0", "start": 20260, "end": 20469 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mai Temenei (Asmara): military prison with underground cells.", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=15.358333,38.928889&z=16&t=h&hl=en" } ] }, { "id": "b-ac308a3302142ee8a46aec41", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/138/0", "start": 20504, "end": 20744 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mai Temenei. An army prison equipped with underground cells (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16)", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=15.358333,38.928889&z=16&t=h&hl=en" } ] }, { "id": "b-bfa039ec84a6d1891f345c9c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/140/0", "start": 20779, "end": 20940 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "29 Metkelabet", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=15.358333,38.928889&z=16&t=h&hl=en" } ] }, { "id": "b-8fe93b20fa649265e2fbe925", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/142/0", "start": 20975, "end": 21180 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Metkelabet (between Asmara and Massawa): military prison.", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=15.358333,38.928889&z=16&t=h&hl=en" } ] }, { "id": "b-9af0e43efc5b1fa6c41fda09", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/144/0", "start": 21215, "end": 21374 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "30 Me’eter", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=15.358333,38.928889&z=16&t=h&hl=en" } ] }, { "id": "b-2f0748c8c97bfe698ce9b0e6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/146/0", "start": 21409, "end": 21613 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Me’eter (between Nakfa and the coast): military prisons.", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=15.358333,38.928889&z=16&t=h&hl=en" } ] }, { "id": "b-82cd2776c09b87b86be0745d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/148/0", "start": 21648, "end": 21804 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "31 Sawa", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=15.358333,38.928889&z=16&t=h&hl=en" } ] }, { "id": "b-802284cee8851ffad31bfd01", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/150/0", "start": 21839, "end": 22451 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Sawa (along Sawa river, near the boarder with Sudan): military punishment camp for i.e. national service dodgers, religious minority members an those who try to cross the boarder illegally .Furthermore ,Sawa is a training camp for 12th grade regular military training.", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&q=Sawa,+Forto,+Eritrea&sll=15.564629,37.865539&sspn=0.023358,0.049267&ie=UTF8&cd=1&geocode=FXgT9AAdFrs2Ag&split=0&ll=15.694938,36.976891&spn=0.046686,0.066004&t=h&z=14" } ] }, { "id": "b-19d1bb42a4428b6524f70e91", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/152/0", "start": 22486, "end": 23779 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Sawa Military Training Camp, near the Sudan border. The complex includes the prison camp of Brigade Six, comprising of temporary barracks built on a hilltop to the right of the main camp. According to the testimony of an ex-prisoner reproduced by Awate.com, \"Sawa prison is made entirely of tin material\" and thus insufferably hot in the day and cold at night. It comprises of twelve tin barrack blocks. Malnutrition, poor hygiene and lack of medical attention reported, with high levels of infections and diseases associated with poor living conditions. (Ehrag section, Awate.com, 25 April 2006) [50 h] Photos of Sawa in 2000 and 2004 are to found in slide shows on the website of the National Union of Eritrean Youth Students (NUEYS) http://www.denden.com/NUEYS/. The USSD report for 2005 notes there were alleged cases of the rape and sexual abuse of female recruits by Sawa instructors. [4f] (p2, section 1c)", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&q=Sawa,+Forto,+Eritrea&sll=15.564629,37.865539&sspn=0.023358,0.049267&ie=UTF8&cd=1&geocode=FXgT9AAdFrs2Ag&split=0&ll=15.694938,36.976891&spn=0.046686,0.066004&t=h&z=14" } ] }, { "id": "b-ac50a74e7f1808cf8be2dd62", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/154/0", "start": 23814, "end": 24163 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "32 Sembel", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&q=Sawa,+Forto,+Eritrea&sll=15.564629,37.865539&sspn=0.023358,0.049267&ie=UTF8&cd=1&geocode=FXgT9AAdFrs2Ag&split=0&ll=15.694938,36.976891&spn=0.046686,0.066004&t=h&z=14" } ] }, { "id": "b-43f5028e402bd2721ba5d0b6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/156/0", "start": 24198, "end": 24590 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Sembel (Asmara): detention centre for i.e. political prisoners and religious-stream followers.", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=asmara,+eritrea&sll=15.913791,39.28977&sspn=0.046636,0.066004&ie=UTF8&ll=15.319763,38.913939&spn=0.002923,0.004125&t=h&z=18" } ] }, { "id": "b-d7f491c88953b154a3ea09dc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/158/0", "start": 24625, "end": 25027 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Sembel prison, Asmara. An officially-designated prison for political prisoners. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16)", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=asmara,+eritrea&sll=15.913791,39.28977&sspn=0.046636,0.066004&ie=UTF8&ll=15.319763,38.913939&spn=0.002923,0.004125&t=h&z=18" } ] }, { "id": "b-28ae2a75129747d689850e07", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/160/0", "start": 25062, "end": 25372 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "33 Tehadasso", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=asmara,+eritrea&sll=15.913791,39.28977&sspn=0.046636,0.066004&ie=UTF8&ll=15.319763,38.913939&spn=0.002923,0.004125&t=h&z=18" } ] }, { "id": "b-e2c2d9c43a28ae3a0f6d300d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/162/0", "start": 25407, "end": 25782 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tehadasso: military prisons with shipping containers used as punishment cell.", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=asmara,+eritrea&sll=15.913791,39.28977&sspn=0.046636,0.066004&ie=UTF8&ll=15.319763,38.913939&spn=0.002923,0.004125&t=h&z=18" } ] }, { "id": "b-ba0929f3ed487c5ee6bdb8aa", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/164/0", "start": 25817, "end": 26246 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tehadasso army prison. Shipping containers reported as being used as punishment blocks in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16)", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=asmara,+eritrea&sll=15.913791,39.28977&sspn=0.046636,0.066004&ie=UTF8&ll=15.319763,38.913939&spn=0.002923,0.004125&t=h&z=18" } ] }, { "id": "b-426a5715976b039e54965bdc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/166/0", "start": 26281, "end": 26590 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "34 Tessenei", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=asmara,+eritrea&sll=15.913791,39.28977&sspn=0.046636,0.066004&ie=UTF8&ll=15.319763,38.913939&spn=0.002923,0.004125&t=h&z=18" } ] }, { "id": "b-efbd8fce1746e2dcf5b20a48", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/168/0", "start": 26625, "end": 26986 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tessenei (Tessenei): military prison / rehabilitation centre.", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=tesseney,+eritrea&sll=15.32846,38.895437&sspn=0.002933,0.004125&ie=UTF8&ll=15.109333,36.657901&spn=0.023492,0.033002&t=h&z=15" } ] }, { "id": "b-8649aea2db3d68eb24b8d21a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/170/0", "start": 27021, "end": 27493 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tessenei military prison, classed as 'rehabilitation centre'. Allegations of torture, beatings and general abuse reported in this facility. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p18)", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=tesseney,+eritrea&sll=15.32846,38.895437&sspn=0.002933,0.004125&ie=UTF8&ll=15.109333,36.657901&spn=0.023492,0.033002&t=h&z=15" } ] }, { "id": "b-4920aaa4defd7010e97b192a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/172/0", "start": 27528, "end": 27841 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "35 \"Tract B\"", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=tesseney,+eritrea&sll=15.32846,38.895437&sspn=0.002933,0.004125&ie=UTF8&ll=15.109333,36.657901&spn=0.023492,0.033002&t=h&z=15" } ] }, { "id": "b-ff9dbac7ce5e6b260613f603", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/174/0", "start": 27876, "end": 28173 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tract B (Asmara): military prison.", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&time=&date=&ttype=&q=asmara&ie=UTF8&ll=15.331601,38.887825&spn=0.007677,0.013561&t=h&z=16&om=1%3e" } ] }, { "id": "b-50c08fd5526bb2c66785ec98", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/176/0", "start": 28208, "end": 28737 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"Tract B\" military prison, Asmara. It comprises of a former US storage facility near Asmara airport. (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16) In late 2002, some EPLF veterans among the Maltese returnees were separated out at Adi Abeto and then sent to Tract B prison. [5c] (p23)", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&time=&date=&ttype=&q=asmara&ie=UTF8&ll=15.331601,38.887825&spn=0.007677,0.013561&t=h&z=16&om=1%3e" } ] }, { "id": "b-7a38225085dd334665e9d4c1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/178/0", "start": 28772, "end": 29105 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tract B - prison, Asmara, (designated for national service conscripts)", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&time=&date=&ttype=&q=asmara&ie=UTF8&ll=15.331601,38.887825&spn=0.007677,0.013561&t=h&z=16&om=1%3e" } ] }, { "id": "b-01044d439f5ffd1598c5fbd9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/180/0", "start": 29140, "end": 29415 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "36 Tsererat", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&time=&date=&ttype=&q=asmara&ie=UTF8&ll=15.331601,38.887825&spn=0.007677,0.013561&t=h&z=16&om=1%3e" } ] }, { "id": "b-93997d3a9c4a3c74ff279065", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/182/0", "start": 29450, "end": 29850 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tsererat (Asmara): military prison with underground cells primarily for EPLF-veterans.", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=asmara,+eritrea&sll=15.179384,39.782334&sspn=6.009244,8.448486&g=eritrea&ie=UTF8&ll=15.333665,38.915125&spn=0.001467,0.002063&t=h&z=19" } ] }, { "id": "b-eb71dd7f2c6db7a813fff855", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/184/0", "start": 29885, "end": 30302 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tsererat prison, Asmara. \"Mainly for EPLF veterans, held in underground cells.\" (AI May 2004) [5c] (p16)", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=asmara,+eritrea&sll=15.179384,39.782334&sspn=6.009244,8.448486&g=eritrea&ie=UTF8&ll=15.333665,38.915125&spn=0.001467,0.002063&t=h&z=19" } ] }, { "id": "b-4b79695991b2e97a37d48f5d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/186/0", "start": 30337, "end": 30662 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "37 Wi'a/Wea", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=asmara,+eritrea&sll=15.179384,39.782334&sspn=6.009244,8.448486&g=eritrea&ie=UTF8&ll=15.333665,38.915125&spn=0.001467,0.002063&t=h&z=19" } ] }, { "id": "b-d36c574c5234bae2f597eacb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/188/0", "start": 30697, "end": 31042 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Wi’a (south of Massawa to the Red Sea Coast): military punishment and training camp for i.e. national service dodgers / deserters and religious minorities.", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?t=h&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=15.32293,39.500141&spn=0.04677,0.066004&z=14" } ] }, { "id": "b-ddf727fb8763178bf6e87960", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/190/0", "start": 31077, "end": 31878 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Wi'a/Wea detention centre. A desert detention camp built on the Red Sea coast. Temperatures in this area are often over 40 degrees centigrade. 121 men, arrested during the mass arrests on 28 May 2005 at the Meserete/Full Gospel wedding, are still reported as being in detention in Wi'a. [46b] (p2) The camp mainly processes youths detained in roundups; the reports of the February 2006 giffa indicate that the Anseba region high school students were sent to Wi'a. [50j] On 10 June 2005, a mass escape was attempted, and the authorities shot and killed 161 youths. [4f] (p1, section 1a) (USSD report for 2005)", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?t=h&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=15.32293,39.500141&spn=0.04677,0.066004&z=14" } ] }, { "id": "b-d3dd60b3cebeb61ba48d80c8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/191", "start": 31883, "end": 31911 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "6 " }, { "text": "Alla", "href": "http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&q=%C4%80la+Shelek%E2%80%99o,+Dekemhare,+Eritrea&sll=15.776395,38.353271&sspn=2.996943,4.224243&ie=UTF8&cd=3&geocode=FbsS5wAd7yVUAg&split=0&ll=15.139089,39.040518&spn=0.005872,0.00825&t=h&z=17" } ] }, { "id": "b-9f1c5ceeeb983bbf89f7d5ac", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/194/0", "start": 32311, "end": 33543 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\\n awateteam@awate.com This email address is being protected from spam bots, you need Javascript enabled to view it" } ] }, { "id": "b-995a9a24f1b5b689f5389613", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/5/1/196/0", "start": 33905, "end": 34050 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "NB: This list was compiled from three sources - www.ehrea.org, www.assenna.com and www.awate.com. To see the details for the source list click " }, { "text": "here", "href": "http://assenna.com/index.php/english/news/1952-list-of-prisons-in-eritrea-reported-recently-in-july-2009-by-the-royal-dutch-fm-" }, { "text": "." } ] }, { "id": "b-f7c4f9d5f7f2e897f5943577", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/2/1/7/1/0", "start": 34360, "end": 34390 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Last Updated ( Sep 21, 2009 )" } ] } ], "anchors": {}, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/4", "start": 34509, "end": 35018 }, "text": "< Prev Next >", "text_sha256": "e9df4bc5c4cfe0442da62fe3e87651e3267b045099d0c1dc2edcc34cc352204c", "reason": "Inherited publishing pagination control", "evidence": "Prev/Next/Back/Top links outside article narrative.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/6", "start": 35034, "end": 35062 }, "text": "[ Back ]", "text_sha256": "a96bdfa9b932ebf48f31944c8764f9c8b5908d71578625c4dcabdfcea86ced1b", "reason": "Inherited publishing pagination control", "evidence": "Prev/Next/Back/Top links outside article narrative.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/2", "start": 35175, "end": 36067 }, "text": "The authors of all articles that appear on awate.com are solely responsible for the views expressed in the articles. 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This material may not be published, broadca", "text_sha256": "68a15c771a35f7fd570f5d1171ff50e20653715731e47b5d885e70c99001443d", "reason": "Inherited Awate publisher disclaimer", "evidence": "Standalone disclaimer table after article/source; article byline/attribution retained.", "kind": "curated-template" } ], "ambiguities": [], "encoding_flags": [ "replacement_characters_present", "source_contains_replacement_characters" ] }, "signature": "ed9daa74424ea36898b06d879ddc78c4bb4e87a1d14e6c1355ad2e7361aef0b9", "categories": [ { "id": "detention-torture", "title": "Detention and torture", "evidence": "Eritrea: The Prisons Network Eritrea: The Prisons Network" } ], "source_categories": [ { "id": "source-07de1f0aaa0a5499c0b87e07", "title": "Testomony", "kind": "source-index", "source_id": "07de1f0aaa0a5499c0b87e07", "anchors": [ "Eritrea: The Prisons Network" ] }, { "id": "source-4acc0cea5edf00574364a2c2", "title": "Testomony", "kind": "source-index", "source_id": "4acc0cea5edf00574364a2c2", "anchors": [ "Eritrea: The Prisons Network" ] } ], "content_role": { "role": "index-with-unique-content", "proof": "Narrative, media, quotations or data relationships retained; 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He became the mouthpiece of ELF leaders in campaigning against the grassroots movement in 1977 Seyoum was one of the promoters of the infamous political campaign dubbed “HA Hu Bel Falulay” which brought the democratic movement of ELFto a complete collapse in 1977. Purge and Liquidation in the ELF in the 1970s Alem Tesfay in his paper \"Kab Mezgeb Tarich (page 8)\" in 2004 wrote [Interview with Tesfay Temnewo - Part 36] readmore Battle of Massawa, 1977 Massawa Front was where the former ELF democracts perished without enough survivors to tell their story Purge and Liquidation in the ELF in the 1970s Ahemed Naser The liquidation of the 10 veterans ELF fighters were confirmed by Ahemed Naser who was the chair man of the ELF at that time in the following We foiled this reactionary project by resolutely liquidating these elements on May 22, 1978. The Eritrean Liberation Army units assigned this duty executed it perfectly.” One of those martyrs was Hussen the founder of the ELF in Cairo with Taha. Purge and Liquidation in the ELF in the 1970s Abdella Idris: The Architect of Violence and Beneficiary of Undemocratic Uprising Evidence of similarity between the opposition leader and PFDJ leader ኣቦ መምበር ሰ-ደ-ህ-ኤ ወልደሱስ ዓማር ንሓደ ኣባል ፈጻሚ ኣካል ኣደስኪሉ። ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ :ደርፊ ወልዴሱስ ዓማር ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ፡ወዲ ተላን ሕልማዊ ዓለሙን ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ :ምትፍናን ዓብደላን መሰረታትን ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ፡ ምትፍናን ዓብደላን መልኣከን ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ፡ዋሕዚ ሓድሽ ሓይሊን ስግኣት ዓብደላ እድሪስን ምንቅስቓስ ፋሉልን ናይ ቅንጸላ ስጉምቲን Purge and Liquidation in the ELF in the 1970s During the liberation struggle many innocent liberation fighters and civilians became victims of the former revolutionary leaders who are currently serving in the Eritrean government or in the Opposition. The opposition leaders are not innocent of crime. They like the PFDJ leaders whom they are accusing of committing crimes against the Eritrean people since 1991. are also guilty. CRIMES COMMITTED AND COLLABORATED BY THE ELF LEADERS ( 1960s & 1970s) Crime committed against civilians by the ELF and EPLF during the armed struggle Let's tell all truth about the crimes committed by the EPLF and ELF to ensure that they never happen again in the future to anyone", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "73be8761188caccfcbb0a372", "source_sha256": "dc62e42e9ce8ae53bb112335378a2c68e290a1c404069924e13bf3f3dc04a119", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-a4590f981fc24c995e8f4a30", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/46/1/1/0/1/4/0", "start": 8037, "end": 8162 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/6be466fb696a86446776b0eb92061e226482bd152da82d9c98c3bcb0bb34c9a8.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-493f835fe11345ca217266e4", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/46/1/1/0/1/6/0", "start": 8179, "end": 8301 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/81540c5599609665ebb69ad86798efc8d93e889b320302c06966b8eb9811c3e1.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-fc36986d34410f07c7be0f1a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/46/1/1/0/1/8/0", "start": 8318, "end": 8318 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "-" } ] }, { "id": "b-95696bfe5566ee2a4962cb38", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/46/1/1/0/1/8/1/0", "start": 8431, "end": 8557 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/80c9e2e28f95df6efdb640c6da3a068a5f208c2a3c0cd140c007d73e27185063.png", "alt": "", "caption": [], "href": "/documents/586eb6ec5397f098ddf7ae4e/" }, { "id": "b-b12a34d6ec501171e86ec08f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/46/1/1/0/1/10/0/1", "start": 8816, "end": 8841 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Read more", "href": "/documents/586eb6ec5397f098ddf7ae4e/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-eae1168bd91194ebbbbd2cae", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/48/0", "start": 8902, "end": 9007 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Keshi", "href": "/documents/55824cd983f32986d6c9f9a1/" }, { "text": " (2003) states that Seyoum (who became the ELF-RC Chairman after Ahemed Nassir) " }, { "text": "grew faster through the rank and file", "href": "/documents/05ef8e677fd8dfcf47373dd8/" }, { "text": " of the old ELF than anybody else. He became the mouthpiece of ELF leaders in campaigning against the grassroots movement in 1977\n " }, { "text": "Seyoum was one of the promoters of the infamous political campaign dubbed “HA Hu Bel Falulay", "href": "/documents/c09356c5d3440b6064b45e7a/" }, { "text": "” which brought the democratic movement of ELFto a complete collapse in 1977." } ] }, { "id": "b-c9e269843f32a136d501d155", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/50/0", "start": 9723, "end": 9887 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Purge and Liquidation in the ELF in the 1970s", "href": "/documents/2db17df472600301e1858351/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-4daea1acd91abe64b92947bf", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/52/1/0/1/0", "start": 9923, "end": 10046 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/8a2119dc9a03875ad769c0ed1b603b36c109aa69fe22d4f81fa358727bedb122.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-1ac8b7b4c3154e033ae24fa0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/0/3/0/0", "start": 10064, "end": 10260 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Alem Tesfay in his paper \"" }, { "text": "Kab Mezgeb Tarich (page 8)", "href": "/documents/6c7ba9efd47d710233398174/" }, { "text": "\" in 2004 wrote [" }, { "text": "Interview with Tesfay Temnewo - Part 36]", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=5tUjiI0rhfU#!" } ] }, { "id": "b-2cce46bce921cc4c06a4e69b", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/52/1/0/3/2/0", "start": 10461, "end": 10584 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/5fc8cc727a8b67ece49828d77bb5a6b3e39ba93a760f95d1b2eb95784366dbb1.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-e7547f1ef06adb8178211bb4", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/52/1/0/3/2/1", "start": 10585, "end": 10695 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-e8bb1b5400a58aeb74c468f6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/52/1/0/3/2/1", "start": 10585, "end": 10695 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "readmore", "href": "/documents/2db17df472600301e1858351/" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-92eadf81b115939fc1d8ae78", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/54/1/0/1/0/1/1/0/3/0", "start": 10848, "end": 10981 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Battle of Massawa, 1977", "href": "/documents/932cb64e0927188985ff82d7/" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-0ddbfa911adb82b7b6781754", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/54/1/0/1/0/3/0", "start": 11034, "end": 11158 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/853591851f38a0db3103ccbe9c7bf4327c82efb58689e893605c0f367cc4f75f.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-69a9b8dcf1c19be30ec90dde", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/54/1/0/1/0/3/1", "start": 11159, "end": 11163 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Massawa Front was where the former ELF democracts\n perished without enough survivors to tell their story" } ] }, { "id": "b-2e65f89404efd6e5cb760139", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/56/1/0", "start": 11351, "end": 11515 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Purge and Liquidation in the ELF in the 1970s", "href": "/documents/2db17df472600301e1858351/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-37e9a721939d8c9addfcf9c2", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/56/3/1/0/1/0", "start": 11557, "end": 11682 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/81419979aff1858000c501e9649698d5bb3a95a4dd3e1a1cafe5a8c7c299235c.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-2fc62250576c8edb99aa424b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/56/5/1/0/3/0", "start": 11782, "end": 11905 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ahemed Naser", "href": "/documents/4511b7f197d6cc6984cdb6ff/" } ] }, { "id": "b-718776edeb29cd376b52c5a3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/56/6", "start": 11940, "end": 11940 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The liquidation of the 10 veterans ELF fighters", "href": "/documents/e62c39e4a6f5103da04acfff/" }, { "text": " were c" }, { "text": "onfirmed by Ahemed Naser", "href": "/documents/4511b7f197d6cc6984cdb6ff/" }, { "text": " who was the chair man of the ELF at that time in the following\n We foiled this reactionary project by resolutely liquidating these elements on May 22, 1978. The Eritrean Liberation Army units assigned this duty executed it perfectly.” One of those martyrs was Hussen the founder of the ELF in Cairo with Taha." } ] }, { "id": "b-991e71b34ca5eac104fbaba9", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/56/11", "start": 12616, "end": 12745 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/dc42f0a09ca51cd16c4f9c2b814bae1d73b12fcf3f530a3195ea32041f701c73.png", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-9f69985645a8df0ce7e70e0b", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/58/0", "start": 12778, "end": 12904 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/78488e7cfd8e4eccabe3800425a86d71b68d161e55369b71363499fb1fbbe536.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-758a898fef0daa100149504c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/59/0", "start": 12920, "end": 13084 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Purge and Liquidation in the ELF in the 1970s", "href": "/documents/2db17df472600301e1858351/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-eda94cc84b06af382819b77c", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/59/2/0", "start": 13091, "end": 13216 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/69b2e808606905914c03a6bc9754a5671707c92a3c452b9fa226782470d8c55b.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-35ecc6706f843a1e5941ce5b", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/59/4/1/0/3/0", "start": 13295, "end": 13490 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-9212ea3882ef6f524626eee3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/59/4/1/0/3/0", "start": 13295, "end": 13490 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Abdella Idris: The Architect of Violence and Beneficiary of Undemocratic Uprising", "href": "/documents/589b1fef920f91e4303c33af/" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-01d68941e2d551b8bcb46958", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/60/1/0/1/0/1/0", "start": 13579, "end": 13690 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Evidence of similarity between the opposition leader and PFDJ leader", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "\n " }, { "text": "ኣቦ መምበር ሰ-ደ-ህ-ኤ ወልደሱስ ዓማር ንሓደ ኣባል ፈጻሚ ኣካል ኣደስኪሉ።", "href": "/documents/242fd61d44513b7dc5c68875/" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-f43a7880399757949aab4d82", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/60/1/0/1/0/3/0", "start": 13894, "end": 14052 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ :ደርፊ ወልዴሱስ ዓማር", "href": "/documents/26f21c2e42fbbd963ada6374/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-6917e4adf27484344635cf2a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/60/1/0/1/0/5/0", "start": 14067, "end": 14227 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ፡ወዲ ተላን ሕልማዊ ዓለሙን", "href": "/documents/ac54696cc8343b5c56f036f7/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-4424e08b2dcdfe6584e71988", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/60/1/0/1/0/7/0", "start": 14242, "end": 14405 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ :ምትፍናን ዓብደላን መሰረታትን", "href": "/documents/cec0d5c096627bc4d715ee38/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-4f3bb802beb294dc6bd039ae", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/60/1/0/1/0/9/0", "start": 14420, "end": 14582 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ፡ ምትፍናን ዓብደላን መልኣከን", "href": "/documents/aea3b5d8912520a8b0b3bc99/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-c1731d03d2a555e4c416a0ac", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/60/1/0/1/0/9/0", "start": 14420, "end": 14582 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " ታሪኽ ኣይንረስዕ፡ዋሕዚ ሓድሽ ሓይሊን ስግኣት ዓብደላ እድሪስን", "href": "/documents/07e86f0707915b5fdcc3d05b/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-e10e07ac571b3d71f6f7a946", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/60/1/0/1/0/11/0", "start": 14798, "end": 14956 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ምንቅስቓስ ፋሉልን ናይ ቅንጸላ ስጉምቲን", "href": "/documents/cec0d5c096627bc4d715ee38/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-8a1fcc9312a3a15b19f4b29e", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/60/1/0/1/0/13", "start": 14968, "end": 15141 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "Purge and Liquidation in the ELF in the 1970s", "href": "/documents/2db17df472600301e1858351/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-dc5cfe6b28d2854a2edcd989", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/62/1/0/1/0", "start": 15229, "end": 15353 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/d2a1f74f38f583492db5d66ecdbd61a1d26d9e2c8ec2377ff35101486dc3cf11.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-cc8db9278a571af42119dc56", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/62/1/0/3/0/0", "start": 15371, "end": 15740 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "During the liberation struggle many innocent liberation fighters and civilians became victims of the former revolutionary leaders who are currently serving in the Eritrean government or in the Opposition. The opposition leaders are not innocent of crime. They like the PFDJ leaders whom they are accusing of committing crimes against the Eritrean people " }, { "text": "since 1991", "href": "/documents/1b916226a34e23ca163e51ab/" }, { "text": ". are also guilty." } ] }, { "id": "b-366decb4bb3ef3731ffbe82d", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/62/1/0/5/0", "start": 15905, "end": 16033 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/91051ed9a947220b127c94dedc6133739a8fef45e8ba1c1db899c5aa54bf2507.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-ff5cefe0598e3c1fbf8b8abc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/64/0", "start": 16068, "end": 16247 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "CRIMES COMMITTED AND COLLABORATED BY THE ELF LEADERS ( 1960s & 1970s)", "href": "/documents/b800a7f5893111f13f070bdf/" } ] }, { "id": "b-47134e14420a843add854079", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/68/0", "start": 16394, "end": 16584 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Crime committed against civilians by the ELF and EPLF during the armed struggle", "href": "/documents/158a6cb3d9f34e205f045fa8/" } ] }, { "id": "b-d029dfd0303b55e9e96b380a", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/70/1/1/0/1/0/0", "start": 16638, "end": 16763 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/0f36bf376b06b0883c2949c1f9d932114a5aa072098fc13751d5bc529d83933b.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-1ac909c69b81143057a20013", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/70/1/1/0/3/0/0", "start": 16792, "end": 16957 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Let's tell all truth about the crimes committed by the EPLF and ELF to ensure that they never happen again in the future to anyone", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ], "anchors": { "apDiv1": "source-apDiv1", "apDiv2": "source-apDiv2", "apDiv3": "source-apDiv3", "apDiv4": "source-apDiv4", "apDiv8": "source-apDiv8", "apDiv9": "source-apDiv9", "apDiv10": "source-apDiv10", "apDiv11": "source-apDiv11", "apDiv13": "source-apDiv13", "apDiv15": "source-apDiv15", "apDiv18": "source-apDiv18", "apDiv5": "source-apDiv5", "apDiv6": "source-apDiv6", "apDiv7": "source-apDiv7", "apDiv12": "source-apDiv12" }, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/0", "start": 0, "end": 160 }, "text": "", "text_sha256": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855", "reason": "Inherited EHREA site header/banner/navigation", "evidence": "Positioned apDiv template wrapper: repeated logo/banner/prison-menu/index/search/date chrome before document content; 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PDF bytes unchanged.", "source_sha256": "f8ede7e787833a9623fdd14216930194f9331a55e3b0c7f6393565ff83d6e420", "evidence": [ { "kind": "catalog-text", "quote": "ብጸሊኢ ምትሓ዗ይ" }, { "kind": "catalog-text", "quote": "(ካሌኣይ ክፋሌ)" } ] }, "editorial_title": true, "title_review_required": true, "alternate_titles": [ "Markato_2.pdf", "ብጸሊኢ ምትሓ዗ይ — (ካሌኣይ ክፋሌ)" ], "language": "ti", "author": null, "byline": null, "byline_role": null, "date": null, "metadata_evidence": [], "text": " (ካሌኣይ ክፋሌ) \n ብጸሊኢ ምትሓ዗ይ \n \n ሑሴን ዩሱፍ (ቀዲማይ) - 1985 ዓሉ ኑር ኣሕመድ \nከምቲ ሌሙድ ዕማማትና ንምሲሊጥ ምስ ብጻይ ሳሊሓዱን ብሓባር ፡ ሓዯ ሓዯ ግዛ ድማ ሓዯና ኣስመራ \nንኣቱ ነርና ። ቅድሚ ምትሓ዗ይ ብገሇ ማዓሌትታት በይነይ ኣቲየ ነረ ። ብ28 ጥቅምቲ1970 ካብቲ \nተኻሪናዮ ዜነበርና ገዚ ወጻኢ ኣብ ሹቅ ምስ ሓዯ ካብቶም ንጡፋት ኣባሊት ፡ መምህር ሙሓመድ ስዒድ ኣብ \nውሽጢ ድኳኑ ዗ሊ ንእሽቶ ገዚ ነረ ፡ ቀትሪ ምስ ኮነ ሰብ ብዘሕ ዗ይንቀሳቀሰለ እዋን ካብታ ድኳን ወጺኤ \nናብቲ ኣብ ገዚ ባንዲ ሓበሻ ዜተኻረናዮ ገዚ ክኸይድ ከልኹ ኣብ ጥቃ ፋብሪካ ናይ ኣሇም ማሓረና ምስ \nበጻሕኩ ካባይ ፍንቲት ኢለ ገረመስቀሌ ወዱ ቀሺ ዜባሃሌ ኣብ ሓሙሸይቲ ክፍሉ ተጋዲሊይ ዜነበረ ይመስሇኒ \nብ1968 ከሰሊ ዜራኣየኒ ሰብ ፡ ርሒቅ ኢለ ስግር ጽርጊያ ንሱ እውን እንዲኸዯ ሪኤዮ ። ንሱ ከም ዜራኣየኒ \nወይ ከም ዜፈሇጠኒ እኳ እንተ዗ይኣረጋገጽኩ ኣብ ኣስመራ ምህሊዉ ኣብ ጸሊኢ ኢደ ከም ከምዜሃበ ፍለጥ \nስላ ዜኾነ ፈሉጡኒ ከይኮውን ፡ ንገዚ ብርሃኑ ገጸይ ምኻድ ሓዱገ ንዕዲጋ ሓሙስ ተጓዓዜኩ ። ይስዕበኒ \nምህሊዉን ዗ይምህሊዉን ከረጋግጽ ፈቲነ ክሪኦ ግን ኣይካኣሌኩን ። ኣይፈሇጠንን ዜብሌ ግምት ስላ ዜነበረኒ \nድማ ብዕዲጋ ሓሙስ ኣቢሇ ናብቲ ገዚ ኣቲየ ። ንሱ ግን ዲሓር ከም ዜፈሇጥኩዎ ተኸዊለ ብካሌእ ዗ይፈሌጦ \nሰብ ይከታተሇኒ ነሩ። \nእቲ ገዚ ብሽም ኣባሌና ተጋዲሊይ ዓሉ ኑር ኣሕመድ ኢና ተኻሪናዮ ዜነበርና ። ዓሉ ኣብቲ እዋን ተታሒዘ \nዲሓር ፍርደ ምስ ወዯኤ ንሜዲ ዜወጸ ተጋዲሌይ እዩ ። ምስ ዓሉ ኣብቲ ገዚ ተራኽብና ነቲ ጉዲይ ሓቢረዮ : \nገብረመስቀሌ ስዒቡኒ ከይኮውን ጠርጠራ ስላ ዜነበረኒ ወጻኢ ካብቲ ገዚ ክድህስስ ነጊረዮ ። ነዊሕ \nከይጸናሕና እቶም ዜሳዓቡኒ ኣነ ከይፈሌጦም ኣብቲ ካንሸል ዗ል ዋና ገዚ ኣምጽኦም ክፈተሇይ በል ኢልምዎ \n። ማዕጾ ኳሕክሑ ኣነ እየ ኢለኒ ፡ ኣነ ድማ ድምጹ ፈሉጠ ክፊት ምስ ኣበሌኩ ፡ ሓዯ ካብኦም ከይትንቀሳቀስ \nኢለ ሽጉጥ ሕዘሇይ ኣነ ድማ ኣብ ዓራት ትሕቲ መተርኣስ ገረያ ዜነበርኩ ሽጉጠይ ከሌዕሌ ዕድሌ \nእንተረኸብኩ ኢሇ ፡ ኢሂ ! ዲሓንዶ እተዉ ፡ ኢሇ ንድሕሪት ግምጥሌ ምስ በሌኩ ሓዯ ጥር ኢለ ሕዘኒ \nካብታ ገዚ ብሓይሉ ኣውጽኦሙኒ ። ካብቲ ካንሸል ምስ ወጻእና ኣብ ጥምጥም ኣቲና ኣነ ሓንሳብ ብእግረይ \nሓንሳብ ብኢዯይ ብ዗ልኒ ሓይሉ ይሃርሞም ነረ ። ንሳቶም ኣማረ ዜባሃሌ ዉሩይ ናይ ስሇሊ ባእታ ዜመርሖም \nወዱ ቀሺ ሳሌሳዮም ሰሇስተ ሰባት ነሮም ። ዜገብሮ ዜነበርኩ ናይ ምህዲም ፈተናታት እዩ ነሩ ። ብምትሓ዗ይ \nብዘሓት ኣባሊት ክስምብደ ስላ ዜኽእለ እንዲተባኣስኩ ቶኪሶም ክቀትለኒ እውን ይምኔ ነረ ግን \nኣይገበሩዎን ። ክሃርሙኒ ከልዉ ሓዯ ካብኦም ብእምኒ ሌዕሉ ዓይነይ ፈጊኡኒ ፡ ምስ ባእሲ ዯም ብዘሕ ስላ \n\nዜኸዯኒ ድኻም እንዲተሰማዓኒ ከይደ ፡ ብሓይሉ ኣጽንዖም ሕዝም ንቤት ማእሰርቲ ማርካቶ ገጾም ብእግረይ \nወሲዶሙኒ ። መሌሓሰይ ግን ኣይዯኸመን ነሩ ። ብፍሊይ ካብቲ ብገዚ ብርሃኑን ዕዲጋ ዓርብን ዜመጽእ \nመንገድታት ዜራኸበለ እንዲ ክንክን ኣትሒዜካ ክሳብ ካርቸሉ ማርካቶ ዜኸይድ ጎዯና ዲንካሉያ ክሪኡኒ \nብየማነ ጸጋም ታኣኪቦም ዜጓዓዘ ዜነበሩ ሰባት ክሰምዑ ዓው ኢሇ ብሙለእ ሓይሇይ “ ኤርትራ ኢትዮጵያ \nኣይኮነትን ! ኣቱም ኤርትራዊያን ክሳብ ማዓስ ትም ትብለ ! ኢትዮጵያ ካብ ሃገርና ትውጻእ \nወ዗ተ.እንዲበሌኩ ይኸይድ ነረ ፡ ትም ከብለኒ ብዘሕ እኳ እንተፈተኑ ክሳብ ካርቸሉ ከይኣቋረጽኩ እንዲ \nነዯርኩን እንዲ ጨራሕኩን ከይዯ ። ኣብቲ ኣስታት ሓዯ ኪል ሜተረ ዜኾውን ጎዯና ገሉኦም ኣብ ዗ልዉዎ \nጠጠው ኢልም ክሪኡኒ ከልዉ ፡ ካሌኦት ታኣኪቦም ብየማነ ጸጋም ዯድሕረና ይኸደ ስላ ዜነበሩ ፡ ኣብቲ \nጎዯና ዜነበረ ኩነታት ኣነ ዜመርሖ ድምጺ ዗ይብለ ሰሊማዊ ሰሌፊ ይመስሌ ነሩ ። \n እቶም ጸጥታ ነቶም ኣብቲ ካርቸሉ ዜነበሩ ፖሉስ ምስ ኣረከቡኒ ፡ ናበይ ከምዜኸደ ኣይፈሇጥኩን ። \nገረመስቀሌ ሽመይ ኣይፈሇጣን ይመስሇኒ እቶም ፖሉስ ኮፍ ኣቢልም መን ሽምካ ወ዗ተ. ኢልም ክሓቱኒ \nጀሚሮም ። ኣነ ድማ ኤርትራዊያን ምዃኖም ስላ ዜፈሇጥኩ መቀጸሌታ ናይቲ ዜዚረቦ ዜነበርኩ ፡ ሽመይ \nኤርትራዊ እዩ ፡ ሃገረይ ኤርትራ እያ፡ ጭቁን ይባሃሌ ፡ ውጹዕ ይባሃሌ ፡ ተጋድል ሓርነት ኤርትራ ይባሃሌ …. \nብምባሌ ይምሌሸልም ነረ ። ብከምዙ ሽመይ ንምፍሊጥ እንዲሓተቱ ከልዉ ሓዯ ብመሌሓሱ ኢትዮጵያዊ \nምዃኑ ዜፈሇጥኩዎ ሞኮነን ናይ ፖሉስ ህድእ ኢለ መን ሽምካ ኢለ ምስ ሓተተኒ ፡ ኣብ ቅድሚ እቶም \nዜሓቱኒ ዜነበሩ ኤርትራዊያን ንሲኻ ኢትዮጵያዊ ጸሊኢየይ ስላ ዜኾንካ ዋሊ እውን እንተቀተሌካኒ ግቡእካ \nእዩ ኣነ እውን ዯስ ይብሇኒ ፡ ነዝም ግዘኣት ወይጦታት ግን ኣይነግሮምን ኢሇ ፡ ሽመይ ዓብዯሊ ሓሰን እዩ ፡ \nተጋዲሌይ ተጋድል ሓርነት ኤርትራ እየ ኢሇ ሽመይ ይነግሮ ። ንሱ ዗ረባይ ሰሚዑ ፍሽኽ ክብሌ ከል፡ እቶም \nኤርትራዊያን ርእሶም ኣድንኖም ትም ኢልም ። ድሕሪ ገሇ ዯቃይቅ ኣብቲ ዗ልናዮ ገዚውቲ ድምጺ ናይ \nጥይት ሰሚዔ እታ ምሳይ ዜነበረት ሽጉጥ ተልጊማ ስላ ዜነበረት ክተናክፉዋ ከልዉ እያ ቶቶኪሳ ብማሇት “ \nሰብ ሇኪማ ክትኾውን ተስፋ ይገብር “ ምስ በሌኩዎም ተጠማምቶም ትም ኢልም ። \nስላ ዗ይፈተሹኒ ገሇ ነገራት ዗መዜግበሊ ኖታን ገሇ ወረቓቕትን ቁሩብ ገን዗ብን ኣብ ጁባይ ነሩ ። ኩለ ጊዛ \nከተማ ክኣቱ ከልኹ፡ ብፍሊይ ኣስማት ናይ ሰብ ይኹን ቦታታት ብምስጥራዊ ኣጸሓሓፋ እየ ዜጽሕፎ ነረ ። \nናይ ብርዒ( ምስጥራዊ) ሽመይ ድማ ኻሉድ ዓሉ ኻሉድ ነሩ ። ስላዙ ብዘሕ ዗ሰክፍ ነገራት ኣይሕዜን ነረ \n።ይኹን እምበር ምናሌባሽ ናብ ገሇ ነገራት ክመርሖም ስላ ዜኽእሌ ከርሕቆ ስላ ዜመዯብኩ ፡ እቲ ሞኮነን \nምስ ከዯ ፡ ዯፊረ ነቶም መጀመሪያ ዜመጹኒ ክሌተ ኤርትራዊያን ካብ ጁባይ ኣውጽእ ኣቢሇ ፡ ህንኩም እዙ \nሕዘዎ ኢሇ ንሓድኦም ሂበዮ ። ትም ኢልም ድማ ተቀብልሙኒ ። ዲሓር ከም ዜፈሇጥኩ ሓዯ ካብኦም ኣብ \nጀብሃ ተሰሉፉ ነሩ እቲ ካሌኣይ ግን ኣይፈሇጥኩን ። ድሕሪዙ ሻምበሌ በሇጠ ናይ ጸጥታ ( ሲ. ኣይ. ዱ) ሓሊፊ \nዜነበረ ታሓቢሩ ይመስሇኒ ኣብቲ ቦታ ብቅጽበት ናባይ መጺኡ ገጸይ ጠሚቱ ፡ ናይ ሓጎስ ምሌክት \nእንዲኣርኣየ “ ኣብዯሊ ተያዜክ ? “ ዓብዯሊ ተታሕዜካ ? ኢለኒ። ኣነ ኣይመሇሽኩለን ። ንሱ ብዚዕባይ ካብ \nኣስመራ ከይወጻእኩ ኣብ ምንቅስቃስ ናይ ተማሃሮ ከልኹ እዩ ዜፈሌጠኒ ። ሜዲ ምውጻኤይ ይኹን ካሌእ \nነገራት ብዚዕባይ ኣጸቢቁ ይፈሌጥ ። ድሕሪዙ ብማኪና ንኣጂብ (ቤት ጽሕፈት ናይ ሲ.ኣይ.ዱ. ) ናብ መጀር \nጀነራሌ ተድሊ ዑቅቢት ዜተከኤ ዲሓር ዯርጊ ዜቀተል መ/ጀ/ ጋሻው ከበዯ ወሲዶሙኒ ። ንሱ ኣብታ ገዚ \nዜረኸቡዋ ሓንቲ ማሕተም ዗ልዋ ገን዗ብ ንዜህቡ ዜዋሃብ ንእሽቶ ኣስማት ዗ይብሊ ሓዲስ ደብሉከይትን \n(ቅብሉት) ገሇ ጽሑፋትን ኣብ ኢደ ሕዘ እንዲገማጠሇ ፡ ንዕቀት ድዩ ጽሌኢ ኣይፈሇጥኩን ናባይ ግሌጽ \nከይበሇ ፡ መን ሌኢኹካ ? ንምንታይ ተሊኢኽካ ? ኢለ ሓቲቱኒ ። ኣነ ድማ ንዒቁኒ ከም዗ል ገሚተ ንነፍሰይ \nከይኣዕበኹ ዑመር ዓብዯሊ እዩ ሌኢኹኒ ኢሇ ትም ኢሇ ። ዑመር ዓብዯሊ ዜባሃሌ ኣባሌ መሪሕነት ኣብ \nጀብሃ ኣይነበረን ትም ኢሇ እየ ጠቂሰዮ ።ንምንታይ ከይበሇኒ ውሰደዎ ! ኢለዎም ። \nካብ ተሞክሮታትና ብምጥቃም ንኣባሊትና ክታሓዘ ከልዉን ፡ ኣብ ኣወዲዯባ ዜጠቅሞም ይኹን ካሌእ \nዜተፈሊሇየ መምረሒታት ንሂቦም ነርና። ገሇ ካብዙ መምረሒታት ድማ ሓዯ ግዛ ኣብ ኢድ ጸጥታ ወዱቁ \nነሩ ። ኣብቲ መምረሒታት ንምሳላ ፡ ናይ ሓባር ምትእስሳር ዗ልዎም ኣባሊት ብዜሖም ካብ 15 ሰብ \nከይበዜሑ ፡ ሓዯ ኣባሌ ብጸጥታ ክታሓዜ ከል ንዜጓነፎ መርመራታት ተጸሚሙ ክጸሮ ከም዗ልዎ ፡ እቶም \nጸጥታ ጭብጢ ከም ዜረኸቡ ምስ ፈሇጥካ እውን ፡ እቶም ዗ይተታሕዘ ብጾትካ ከምሌጡ ወይ ካብቲ \n዗ልዉዎ ቦታ ንምሌጋስ ፡ ንብረት ወይ ሰነዲት ንምሕባእ ወ዗ተ. ዕድሌ ክረኽቡ ብዜካኣሌ መጠን \nእንዲካሓድካ ንገሇ ግዜያት ከምዜዯናጎዩ ምግባር ዜብሌ ኣስተምህሮ ንህብ ስላ ዜነበርና ይመስሇኒ ፡ ወይ \nድማ ዜኾነ ኣካሌ ናይ ጸጥታ ንሕቶታቱ ከምቀዲምነታቱ ክሰርዖ ባህሪያዊ ስላ ዜኾነ ብቀጥታ ዯመይ \nከይነቀጸ ንፎርቶ ወሲዶሙኒ ። ፎርቶ ጦር ሰራዊት እዮም ነሮምዋ ። ኣብቲ እዋን ካብ ጦር ሰራዊትን \nፖሉስን (ጸጥታ) ዜቆመት ናይ ሓባር ኮሚቴ ገሮም ይሰርሑ ነሮም። ዗ሳቅዩ ሰባት ኣዲሌዮም ኣብ መርመራ \nኣእቲዮሙኒ ። እተን ሕቶታት ድማ ውሱናት ነረን። ካሌኦት ብጾትካ ኣብ ውሽጢ ኣስመራ ኣበይ ኣልዉ ? \n዗ይኣተዉ እንተኾይኖም ማዓስ ክኣቱዉ እዮም ? መዯብኩም እንታይ እዩ? ኣስመራ ማዓስ ኣቲኻ ? ዜብሌ \nነሩ ። ተሓባበርቲ ይኹን ኣባሊት መን እዮም ዜብሌ ሕቶታት ኣብዚ ሇይቲ ፈጺሙ ኣይነበረን ። መሌሲ ናተይ \nድማ ኩለ ዜዯሌዩዎ ነገራት ስላ ዜተረዲኣኒ ፡ ዜመጻእኩለ ማዓሌቲ ኣሕጽር ኣቢሇ ቅድሚ ክሌተ ማዓሌቲ \nከምዜመጻእኩ ፡ ብ዗ይካይ ዜኣተወ ከም዗ይሌቦ ? እታ ዜተታሓዜኩሊ ገዚ እንተ዗ይኮይኑ ዜፈሌጦ \nከም዗ይብሇይ ፡ መዯበይ ድማ እንተ ረኺበ ኣባሊት ምስራዕን ገን዗ብ ምእካብን ጥራሕ እዩ ዜብሌ መሌስታት \nይህቦም ነረ። \nእዙ ሕቶታት ክሓቱኒ ከልዉ ፡ ኣእዲወይ ኣሲሮም ክሌተ ኣብራኸይ ኣብ ሞንጎ ኣእዲወይ ኣእቲዮም ፡ \nኣእዲወይ ንሊዕሉ ከይወጻ በትሪ ኣብ መዕጸፊ ኣብራኸይ ኣእቲዮም ጥራሕ ዜባነይ ብ዗ልዎም ሓይሉ ብተሪር \nጭጉራፍ ይሌብሌቡኒ ነሮም ። ንድሕሪት ብሕቆይ ኣውድቆም ኣብ ከብዱ ኣእጋረይ ይሃርሙኒ ። እቶም \n዗ሳቅዩ ኤርትራዊያን እዮም ከሳቅዩኻ ከልዉ ዕቡዲት እዮም ዜመስለ ። ሓንሳብ እንዲኣዕረፉ ሓንሳብ ድማ \nከዚሩቡኒ እንዲፈተኑ ክሳብ ኣስታት ፍርቂ ሇይቲ ቀጺልም ። ሻምበሌ በሇጠን መሳርሕቱን ዜጠቅሞም ነገር \nክረኽቡን ክሰምዑን ሙለእ ሇይቲ ከማይ ድቃስ ስኢኖም ሓዱሮም ። ምስ ቀበጹ ክሌተ ኢዯይ ንድሕሪት \nኣሲሮም ኣብ ሓዯ ብሬት ዜዓጠቀ ዋርድያ ጦር ሰራዊት ዗ልዋ ቦታ ወሲዶም ኣብ ኮሪዶር ኮፍ ኣቢልሙኒ ። \nካብ ሇይቲ ዜተረፈ እዋን ኩለ ዓይነይ ሰም ከይኣበሌኩ ብኮፈይ ክቁንዝ ሓዱረ ። መሬት ምስ ወገሔ ነቲ \nዋርድያ ክሸይን ዯሉየ ምስ በሌኩዎ ትቅብሌ ኣቢለ “ ሽን ዯም ሽን ” ኢለኒ ። ብሓይሉ ተሲኤ ኣብዙ ሽን \nስላ ዜበሇኒ ካብቲ ንሱ ዗ልዎ ቦታ ከይራሓቅኩ ሸይነ ። ከምቲ ንሱ ዜበል ድማ ሽንተይ ዯም ነሩ ። ኣብቲ \nዜነበርኩዎ ተመሉሰ ኮፍ ምስ በሌኩ ድሕሪ ገሇ ጊዛ ሓዯ ሻምበሌ ናይ ጦር ሰራዊት ዲሓር ከምዜፈሇጥኩዎ \nኣብ ኡም ሓጃር ዜነበረ ሻምበሌ በልው ዜባሃሌ ፡ \"ወረበሊው የት ኣሇ \"? እቲ ሽፍታ ኣበይ ኣል እንዲበሇ \nንምርኣየይ እንዲታሃወኸ ፡ ክንዱ ጎቦ ዜኾውን ወተሃዯራዊ ክዲን ዜተኸድነ በሇጭሇጭ ዜብሌ ማዕሪጋት \nዜተሸሇመ ጸሉም ነዊሕ ሰብኣይ ኣብ ሌዕሇይ ጠጠው ኢለ። ባዓሌ ሽመት ፡ ሞኮነን ወይ ሻምበሌ ስላ ዜኾነ \nናዓይ ምስ ራኣየ ስላ ምንታይ ንኣኽብሮተይ ጠጠው ዗ይበሇ ኢለ ይመስሇኒ “የት ኣባትህ ተነስ ፡ ተነስ \" \nብምባሌ “ብኮፈይ ኮልኹ ብጫማኡ ብሓይሉ ኣብ ዓጽሚ ዲንጋይ ምስ ሃረመኒ ዯም ጸረር ኢለ ነቲ \nዜነበርኩዎ ሰመንቶ ኣበሊሽዩዎ ። ብቀጻሉ ተነስ ተነስ ይብሌ ስላ ዜነበረ ኣነ ኣእዲወይ ንድሕሪት ተኣሲረ ስላ \nዜነበርኩ ቀሌጥፈ ጠጠው ክብሌ ስላ ዗ይክእሌ ኣብ መንዯቅ ብሓይሉ ተጸጊዔ እንዲተሓሰኹ ተሲኤ ። ገሇ \nክሌኢታት (ሰከንድስ) ዜኾውን በተን ኣብ ሰፊሕ ገጹ ዗ልዋ ሃሌሃሌታ ሓዊ ዗ውጸኣ ዗ልዋ ዜመስሊ ፡ \nምሌክት ርህራሄ ዗ይብሇን ኣዒንቱ ብቱክረት ክጥምተኒ ጸኒሑ ፡ እንታይ ከም ዜበሇ ኣይፈሇጥኩን ፡ ዜበሌዖ \nነገር ከም ዜሳኣነ ዜብኢ እንዲኣግሮምሮመ ከይደ። \nድሕሪዙ ኣብቲ ፎርቶ ኣብ ውሽጣ ናእሽቱ ሸሊታት ዜተሰርሓ ዓባይ ካመራ (ቻምበር ) ኣብ ሸሊ ኣእቲዮሙኒ \n። እተን ሸሊታት ብተርታ ኣብ ሓዯ መስመር ዜተሰርሓ ኮይነን ብሊዕሉ ክፉታታት እየን። ስፍሓተን ክሌተ \nመትሮን ርብዕን ብሓዯ መትሮን ፈረቃን ይኾውን ፡ ማዕጾ ናይቲ ሸሊታት ኣስታት 13 ብ 13 ሰንትመተር \nዜኾውን ናእሽቱ መስኮት ኣሇዎ ። ሻዓ ሇይቲ መንጸፍ ይኹን ክዲን ማይ ብሌዒ ዜባሃሌ ኣይነበረን ። ንገሇ \nዯቃይቅ ተገዱድካ ዓይንኻ ሰም ምባሌ እንተ዗ይኮይኑ ድቃስ ዜባሃሌ ኣይመጸንን ። \n ድሕሪኡ ዜነበረ ማዓሌትታት እቲ መርመራ ብዜኸፈኤ ኣገባብ ቀጺለ እቲ ሕቶታት እውን ሓፈሻዊ ነሩ ። \nቀንዱ ካብኡ ኣብ ውሽጢ ኣስመራ ዗ልዉ ኣባሊት ክፈሌጡ ይዯሌዩ ፡ ገን዗ብ ካብ መን ኣውጽእኩም ? ምስ \nመንግስቲ ካብ ዜሰርሑ ምሳኹም ዜተሓባበሩ መን ትፈሌጥ ? ወ዗ተ. ዜብሌ ነሩ። ቅድሚ ምእሳረይ ብ዗ይ \nጭብጢ ዜኣሰሩዎም ብዘሓት ስላ ዜነበሩ እውን ፡ ንእገሇ ትፈሌጦዶ ዜብሌ ሕቶታት ነሩ ። ኣነ ካብቶም \nኣብኡ ዜጸነሑኒ ይኹን ሓዯስቲ ዜፈሌጦም ከም዗ይብሇይ ፡ ንሕና ስራሕ ኣብዙ ቀረባ እዋን ከምዜጀመርና \nጸኒዔ ይምሌሽ ነረ ። መርመራ ምሲቃይ እንዲተቆራረጸ ካብ ሓዯ ወርሒ ን዗ይውሒድ ግዛ ስላ ዜቀጸሇ \nከብዱ ኣእጋረይ ዯም ኮይኑ መጀመሪያ ምስ ነቀጸ ቆርበቱ ብሙለኡ ተቀሉጡ ። ካሌኣይ ጊዛ እውን \nብማህረምቲ ቆሲለ ስላ ዜተቀሌጠ ብዘሕ ተሳቅየ እየ ። ምጽፋዕ እቲ ዗ይቋረጽ ነገር እዩ ። ክሓቱ እንተዯሇዩ \nትእዚዜ ክህቡ እንተዯሇዩ እንዲጸፈዑ ስላ ዜሓቱኻ ብፍሊይ ጸጋመይቲ እዜነይ ብምጽፋዕ ሓቢጣ ዯም \nተውጽእ ነራ ። ዜባነይ እውን እቲ ኩርማጅ ዜኣኽል ስጋ ሕዘ ስላ ዜሊዓሌ ይቅሇጥ ነሩ ። ሙለእ ገጽካ ሸጥ \nኣቢለ ዜሕዜ ፡ ኣብ ማእከለ ኣዕንትኻ ዗ርኢ መነጸር ዗ልዎ ማስከራ (መሸፈኒ) የእቱዉሌካ ። ትንፋስ \nስኢንካ ዓይንኻ ግምጥሌ ምስ ኣበሌካ ፡ ክፊት የብለዋ ። ዲግማይ ገሇ ኣየር ምስ ሳሓብካ ምሌስ የብለዋ ። \nብከምዙ ካብ 4 - 5 ዗ይውሒድ ግዛ የሳቅዩኻ ። ንገሇ ሰከንድስ እውን ብተኸታታሉ ኤሇትሪክ ኣብ \nኣእዲውካ ኣሲሮም ይትኩሱኻ ። \n ከም ዜራኣኹዎ ዜተፈሊሇየ ዓይነት ምስቃይ ፡ ማሇት ከብዱ እግሪኻ ምህራም ፡ ስጋ ካብ ዜባንካ ምስቲ \nኩርማጅ ተሊዒለ ክኸይድ ከል ፡ ዲግማይ ኣብ ዜተመሌጠ ቦታ ክዯግሙኻ ከልዉ ወ዗ተ. ቃንዚኡ ቀሉሌ \nኣይኮነን ። ኤሇትሪክ እውን ክሳብ ሓንጎሌካ ዜበጻበጽ የንቀጥቅጠካ ፡ ብሙለኡ ኩለ ብጣዕሚ የሕምም እዩ \n። ግን ከም ርእይቶይ ዗ይጽወር ኣይኮነን ። ናዓይ እታ ዜኸፈኤት ማስከራ ነራ ። ማስከራ ዕብጥ ከብለኻ \nከልዉ ድሕሪ ገሇ ሰከንድስ ዓቅሌኻ ይጸበካ ፡ ከም ትንፋሳ ዗ይወጸ ዜታሓርዯት ዶርሆ ተዕሇብጥ ፡ ፈር ፈር \nትብሌ ፡ ትንፋስካ ክትወጽእ ድማ ትምነ ። ዕረፍትኻ ኣብ ትንፋስካ ምውጻእ ጥራሕ ኮይኑ ይራኣየካ ። \nእንተኾነ በቲ መነጸር ዓይንኻ ስላ ዜሕለዉ ዓይንኻ ግምጥሌ ምስ ኣበሌካ ብቁሌጡፍ ካብ ገጽካ በግ \nኣቢልም ንፋስ ይህቡኻ እሞ ትንፋስካ ትምሇስ ። ስላዙ ናዓይ እታ ዜኸፈኤት ንሳ ነራ ። ብሰንካ ይመስሇኒ \nዯም ዜተፍኣለ ዜነበርኩ እዋን ነሩ ። \n ቀንዱ ኣሳቀይቲ ጋይም ፡ ርእሶም ፡ ሓጎስ ዜባሃለ እዮም ነሮም ። ዜሊዓሇ ዜነበሮም ማዕሪግ ሻምበሌ ባሻ \nእዩ ። ከምቲ ዜተፈሊሇየ ጭካኔ ዜመሇኦ መርመራታት ኣብ ነፍሰይ ዗ሕድሮ መሪር ስቅያት ፡ ዗ይርስዖ ሕማቅ \nስሚዒት ዗ሕዯረሌይ ነገር ነሩ ፡ ንሱ ድማ ሓዯ ሽሙ ክጠቅሶ ዗ይዯሉ ኤርትራዊ ሞኮነን (ተሇንተ ) ኣብ \nፎርቶ ስሒት ኢለ ዜመጽእ ዜነበረ ኣባሌ ጸጥታ ፡ ሓዯ ማዓሌቲ ኣሲሮም ኣብ መሬት ኣውድቆም ከሳቅዩኒ \nከልዉ መጺኡ እንዲ ጸረፈ ብሳእኑ ኣብ ገጸይ ረጊጹኒ ። ኣይጎዲኣንን ነዊሕ እውን ኣይገበረን ይኹን እመበር \nእዙ ተግባር ሓዯ ማዓሌቲ እኳ እንተኾነ ኣብ ነፍሰይ ዜሰረጾ ጉድኣት ካብታ ማስከራ ንታሕቲ ኣይነበረን። \nቀዯም ኣባሊት ናይ ሓራካ ( ማሕበር ሸውዓተ ) ወይ ድማ ጀብሃ ክእሰሩ ከሇዉ ኣብ ሌዕሌኦም ዜዜውተር \nዜነበረ ስቅያት ኣብ ሌዕሉ ዜጠቀስኩዎ ተወሳኺ ካሌእ እውን ንሰምዕ ነርና ፡ ንሱ ድማ ከምታ ናይ ማስከራ ፡ \nብርእስኻ ኣብ ማይ ዜመሇኤ በርሚሌ የእቱዉኻ ፡ ትንፋስካ ከይሓሌፍ ድማ ቀሌጥፎም ኣውጽእ የብለኻ ። \nኣብ ፊረ ነፍስኻ ማይ ዜመሇኤ ጠርሙዜ የንጠሌጥለ ወ዗ተ. ነሮም ። ካብቲ ዜዜክሮ ዚንታታት ኣብ ኣስመራ \nከምዙ ዜኣምሰሇ ስቅያት ዗ሕሇፉ ቀዲሞት ተቃሇስቲ ናይ ሓራካ ይኹኑ ጀብሃ ብዘሓት እዮም ንምሳላ ፡ \nካሕሳይ ባህሌብን ( ወዱ ሌቢ) እቲ ዓብይ ተጋዲሊይ ስዒድ ዲራንካይን ካሌኦትን ነሮም ። እዙ ግን ናዓይ \nኣይኣጋጠመንን ። \nኣሌዕሌ ኣቢልም እገሇ ይፈሌጦ እየ ኢለካ ፡ ረኺበዮ ነረ ኢለካ ወ዗ተ. እውን ይብለኻ ኣነ መጀመሪያ ካብ \nስቅያት ከም዗ይፈርህ ካሌኣይ ስራሕና ሓድሽ ስላ ዜኾነ ዜነግሮ ነገራት ከም዗ይሌቦ መሌእኽቲ ከመሓሊሌፍ \nስላ ዜዯሇኹ ፡ ኣነ ዜኾነ ዗ምጽኦ ሰብ ወይ ዗ረክቦ ንብረት ከም዗ይሌቦ ይነግረኩም ኣሇኹ ፡ ስላ \n዗ይትኣምኑኒ ግን ክተሳቅዩኒ ግድን እዩ ኢሇ ፡ ዜሓቶቱኒ ሕቶታት ብህድኣት መሉሸ ፡ በለ ሕጂ ድሊይኩም \nግበሩ ይብልም ነረ ። ሓዯ ሓዯ ግዛ እቲ ስቂያት ንነዊሕ ግዛ ስሇዜቅጽሌ ዕረፍቲ ምእንታን ክረክብ ኣብ \nክንዱ ነቲ ሕቶታት ኣሕጽር ኣቢሇ ዜምሌሾ ፡ ንመሌስታተይ ብተገዲስነት ክሰምዑዎን ክከታተለዎን ነዊሕ \nዚንታ የምጻኣልም ። ንምሳላ ድሕሪ ገሇ ግዛ ንሕና ካብ ኣስመራ ካሻፋት ከም዗ውጻእና ስላ ዜፈሇጡ እተን \nካሻፋት ዜተገዜኣለ ገን዗ብ ካብ ውሽጢ ዜወጸ እዩ ዜብሌ ጠርጠራ ስላ ዜነበሮም፡ ቀንዱ ዗ገድሶም ነገር \nካበይ ረኽብኩምዎ ዜብሌ ሕቶ ነሩ ። ኣነ ድማ እቲ ገን዗ብ እቲ ሓቂ ካብ ኣስመራ ዜወጸ እንተኾነ ፡ ኣብ \nክንዱ ካብ ሜዲ ዜመጸ እዩ ዜብሌ ሓጽር መሌሲ ዜህቦም ፡- ”መሪሕነት ጀብሃ ቅያዲ ኣሌዓማ ትባሃሌ ። \nቅያዲ ኣሌዓማ ማሇት ጠቅሊሊ መሪሕነት ማሇት እዩ። ብዜሖም 38 እዩ ። ኣብ ሞንጎኦም ዑመር ዓብዯሊ \nዜባሃሌ ናይ ገን዗ብ ሓሊፊ ኣል ። ንሱ ካብ ባርካ ንዓንሰባ ጦፍ ሰዱደ ። ጦፍ ማሇት ንፍለይ ተሌእኾ \nእትንቀሳቀስ ንእሽቶ ጉጅላ እያ ። ምስዙ ጦፍ ገን዗ብ ሰዱደ ዜያዲ ዋጋ ብምሃብ ኣኽስብኩም \nወ዗ተ.ዜገበርኩም ገርኩም ካሻፋት ግዜኡሌና ኢለና ። ምስዙ ጦፍ ኣብ ከባቢ ዋዜንታት ተራኽብና \n“……ወ዗ተ. እንዲበሌኩ የ዗ንትወልም ። ንሳቶም ብተገዲስነት ጽን ኢልም ይሰምዑኒ ነሮም ። ዜጠቀስኩዎ \nነገራት ኩለ ድማ ፈጠራ እዩ ። ቅያዲ ኣሌዓማ ብዜሖም 38 እዩ ፡ ኣብ ሞንጎኦም ሓዯ ሓሊፊ ናይ ገን዗ብ ኣል \nምባሌ ድማ ምስጥር ዗ይኮነ ማንም ዜፈሌጦ ሓፈሻዊ ነገር እዩ ። ዑመር ዓብዯሊ ዜባሃሌ ኣባሌ መሪሕነት ግን \nኣይነበረን ፡ ንመጀር ጀነራሌ ጋሻው ከበዯ እውን ዑመር ዓብዯሊ ሌኢኹኒ ኢሇዮ ነረ ። ዋዜንታት ድማ \nከምድሊዮም ዜበጽሑዎ ቦታ ኣይኮነን ወ዗ተ.። እተን ካሻፋት ቀረባ እዋን ዜተገዜኣ ኮይነን ከም ዜተፈሌጣ \nስላ ዗ረጋገጽኩ እዩ ። እተን ሰሇስተ ወይ ሓሙሽተ ጽን ኢልም ዜሰምዑሇን ዯቃይቅ ድማ ናዓይ ዓብይ \nዕረፍቲ እዩ ። \n ነገሩ ነዊሕ እዩ ። ርህራሄ ዗ይብለ ጭፍጨፋ ምስቃይ ጥራሕ ኣይኮነን ሳይኮሇጀካዊ ግጥሚያ እዩ ። \nምትሊሌ ምድንጋር እውን እዩ። ንሳቶም ኣዯናግሮም ምስጥር ከውጻኣልም ብማሇት ናቶም ፈተናታት ነሩዎም \n። ኣሌዒሌ ኣቢልም ካብቶም ዜተኣሰሩ እገሇ ይፈሌጦ እየ ኢለካ ፡ ረኽበዮ ነረ ኢለካ ፡ ገን዗ብ ሂበዮ ኢለካ \nወ዗ተ.እውን ይብለኻ ። ንምሳላ ሻምበሌ በሇጠ ንምድንጋር ኣብቲ መርመራ \" እተን ካሻፋት ዜተገዜኣለ \nገን዗ብ እውን ረኽብናዮ ጨና ጨና ይጨኑ ካብ ከተማ ዜወጸ እዩ \" ኢለኒ እዩ ። ኣነ ድማ ፡ ኣነ እኳ \nኣይጨነኹዎን ጨና እንተኾይኑ ድማ ኣብ ገጠር መሉኡ እዩ ዜብሌ መሌሲ ሂበዮ ። ማዓስ ምዃኑ ዗ይፈሌጦ \nሓንቲ ዜሓዘዋ ቀያሕ ጁባ (ሱፍ ) ኣምጽኦም ኣብ ውሽጣ ሽጋራ ስላ ዜረኸቡ ይመስሇኒ መጀመሪያ ተኸዯና \nኢልሙኒ ። ክንዲይ እንተኾይና ናትካ እያ ተባሂሇ ኣብ ጠርጠራ ክኣቱ ማሇት እዩ ይመስሇኒ ። ካሌኣይ ሽጋራ \nሂንካ ኣትክኽ ኢልሙኒ ። ኣነ ግን የተክኽ ስላ ዗ይነበርኩ ኣይየተክኽን ኢሇዮም ። \nከምኡ ድማ ኣፋውስ ካብ ውሽጢ ኣስመራ ነውጽእ ከምዜነበርና ሓፈሻዊ ሓበሬታ ወይ ጠርጠራ ስላ \nዜነብሮም ናዓይ ከይሓተቱኒ ፡ ፈውሲ ኣብ ምሃብ ክተሓጋገዘዎም ዜኽእለ ኣብ ኣብያተ ሕክምና ዗ልዉ \nክኾኑ ኣሇዎም ዜብሌ ነገር ኣብ ግምት ብምእታው ፡ ክታሓዜ ከልኹ ዜተሃረምኩዎ ቁስሉ ስላ዗ይሓወየ \nጠርጠራኦም ኣብ ዶክቶር ዓብደሌቃድር ዜቀነዔ ስላ ዜነበረ ኣብቲ ንሱ ዜሰርሓለ ዜነበረ ቤተ ሕክምና \nእቴገ መነን ሕጂ (ኣሮታ) ዜባሃሌ ክትሕከም ኢልም ወሲዶም ፡ ኮነ ኢልም ኣብቲ ዶክቶር ዓብደሌቃድር \nዜነበሮ ክፍሉ ኣእቲዮሙኒ ። ዲሓር ከምዜፈሇጥኩዎ ፡ ናዓይ ኮፍ ኣቢልም ንዶክቶር ምስ ራኣኹ ዗ርእዮ \nምሌክታት እንተል ከስተብህለ ኩለ ኣትኩሮኦም ናባይ ዗ድሃበ ነሩ ። ንዶክቶር እውን ይከታተለዎ ነሮም \nማሇት እዩ ። ኣነ ንዶክቶር ይፈሌጦ እየ ንሱ ግን ኣይፈሌጠንን ነሩ ። ዶክቶር ዓብደሌቃድር ኣብ ኢጣሉያ \nዜተማህረ ንባዓሌ ስዉእ ተጋዲሊይ ዶክቶር ይሕያ ጃብርን ተጋዲሊይ ኻሉፋ ዑስማንን ብጻዮም ዜነብረ እዩ ። \nሌክዕ ድማ ብጻይ ሳሊሓዱን ኣብ ኣስመራ ተራኽቡዎ ኣፋውስ ወፊዩሌና ንሜዲ ኣውጽእናዮ ኢና ። ኣነ \nመጀመሪያ ንምንታይ ከም዗ምጽኡኒ እኳ እንተ዗ይፈሇጥኩ ፡ ዜኾነ ምሌክታት ናይ ምፍሊጥ ወይ ስምባዯ ስላ \n዗ይራኣዩሇይ ፡ ዶክቶር ይንቀሳቀስ ነሩ ርሕቅ ምስ በሇ ተገድዶም “ እዙ ዶክቶር ዓብደሌቃድር እኳ እዩ \nኣይትፈሌጦን ድኻ” ኢልሙኒ ። ኣነ ድማ ኣበይ እየ ዜፈሌጦ እንታይ ትዯሌዩ ኣሇኹም ? ምስ በሌኩዎም \nከምዚ ዗ይሰመዑ ትም ኢልም ሓኪሞም ንፎርቶ መሉሶሙኒ ። ዜሓከሙኒ ድማ ካሌኦት ነሮም ። \n ከማኻ ኣብ ጀብሃ ዜነበረ ዜተታሕ዗ ኩለ ዜሓተትናዮ ነገር ስላ ዜመሇሸሌና ኣይተሳቀየን ኣይተሃርመን ምስ \nሙለእ ጥዕናኡ ምሳና ኣል ፡ ንስኻ እንታይ ክትረክብ ኢኻ ነፍስኻ ተሳቂ ? ክትኣምን ምስኡ ከነራኽበካ \nኢልም ድማ ናብ ብጻይ ሁማድ ዓምር (ካብሉ) ወሲዶሙኒ ፡ ኣነ ናቱ ሓቤረታ ኣይነበረንን ። ካብሉ \nቅድመይ ብክሌተ ወርሒ ኣቢለ በይኑ ኣብ ከባቢ ማንሱራ እዩ ተታሒዘ ። ቅድመይ ሓፈሻዊ ሕቶታት \nይሓቱዎ እሞ ፡ ካብኡ ዜተሓባበሩኹም ሰባት መን ትፈሌጥ ይብለዎ ንሱ ድማ ንከተማ ዜሊኣኸሌና እገሇ \nዜባሃሌ ይፈሌጥ ይብልም ። ሪኢኻዶ እዙ ከማኻ ዜተታሕ዗ እዩ ይብለኒ ። እዙ እውን ሓዯ ዓይነት \nመርመራ ወይ ሜሊ ነሩ። \nካብሉ ካብቲ ሸሊታት ኣብቲ ጥቃይ ምሳይ ዜተሊገበት ሸሊ ከም዗ል ምስ ፈሌጥኩ ብሊዕሉ ኩፉት ስላዜኾነ \nእንተተዚረብኩ ስላዜሰምዓኒ መን ኢኻ ኣበይ ተታሕዜካ ስላምንታይከ ሽም ናይቲ ተሊኣኣኺ ነግርካ ? ኢሇ \nይሓቶ ። ንሱ ድማ ኣነ ሙሓመድ ዓምር ካብሉ እየ ከባቢ ማንሱራ ተታሒ዗ ፡ እቲ ዜጠቀስኩዎ ሰብ ኣብቲ \nቦታ ዗ል ሰብ ኣይኮነን ከተማ ዜኣቱ ኣይኮነን ፡ ዜሃብኩዎም ምስጥር ድማ የሌቦን ይብሇኒ ። ኣነ ድማ ኣባሌ \nፊዲኢዩን ኣቁርዲት ከምዜነበረ ስላ ዜፈሇጥኩ ፡ በሌ እንቋዕ ዗ል ሰብ ዗ይኮነ ጽቡቅ ገርካ ሕጂ ድማ ካብሉ \nዜብሌ ሳጓኻ ብዘሓት ስላ ዜፈሌጡዎ ኣብ ሓድሽ መርመራታት ከይትኣቱ እታ ካብሉ ትብሌ ቃሌ \nኣይተውጻኣያ ንባሃሃሌ ። ንሱ ድማ ሽመይ ጥራሕ እየ ጠቂሰልም ፡ ካብሉ ዜብሌ ኣይሃኩዎምን ይብሇኒ ።\nምስቶም ካብሉ ዜብሌ ሽም ሰሚዖም ዜነበሩ ኡሱራት ብጾትና እውን ካብሉ ዜብሌ ሽም ከይየውጽኡ \nነግርናዮም ። ጦር ሰራዊት ከም ደጓና ስላ ዗ይኮኑ ሓሇዋኦም ጽኑዕ ኣይኮነን ። እቲ ሸሊታት ድማ ብሊዕሉ \nክፉት ስላ ዜኾነ ፡ ሽቃቅ ኣብ ውሽጢ እቲ ካመራ ኣብ ሓንቲ ወሰን ስላ ዗ል እንዲተመሊሇስካ በተን \nካሌኦት ሸሊታት ስላ ትሓሌፍ ሓጽር መሌእኽትታት ክተማሓሊሌፍ ዕድሌ ትረክብ ኢኻ ። \nእቲ ዜካየድ ዜነበረ መርመራ ቀጺለ መብዚሕትኡ ድማ ኣብ ርህራሄ ዗ይብለ ኣገባብ ዜተሞርከሰ ኮይኑ \nዜተፈሊሇየ ሜሊታት እውን ይጥቀሙ ነሮም ። ኣብ ሌዕሉ እቲ ዜጠቀስኩዎ ምስቃይን ምድንጋርን ፡ \nክትቅተሌ ኢኻ እሌካ ምፍርራህ ፡ ነጻ ክትሌቀቅ ኢኻ ኢሌካ ምጥባር ፡ ብመጠኑ ንሓንጎሌካ ናይ ምሕጻብ \nፈተናታትን እውን ነሩ ። ንኣብነት ሓዯ ሇይቲ ከሳቅዩኒ ሓዱሮም ዜረኽቡዎ ስላ ዜሳኣኑ ፡ ሓዯ ካብኦም ፡ \nኪደ ቅተለዎ ኢለ ኣዙዘ ንዯገ ኣውጽኦሙኒ ፡ ኣነ ድማ ሞት ዲኣ ትምንተይ እንድዩ ምስ በሌኩዎም ሓሪቆም \n፡ ልቅማጽ ! ኣይትረኽባን ኢኻ ኢልም መሉሶሙኒ። \nኣብ ሞንጎ እቶም ኡሱራት ዜኾነ ጭብጢ ዗ይረኸቡልም ብጠርጠራ ጥራሕ ዜተታሕዘ ብዘሓት ነሮም ። \nሓዯ ግዛ ንገሇ ካብኣቶም ብሓይሉ ኣባሊት ጀብሃ ነርና ከብለዎም ሇይቲ ገሇ ናቶም ሰባት ኣኪቦም ትያትር \nኣካይዶም ። ነቶም ዜጥርጥሩዎም ምስቶም ትያትር ዗ካይደ ኣዚንቆም ብመስሪዕ ጠጠው ኣቢልም ፡ በብ \nሓዯ ገን዗ብ ትኸፍሌዶ ነርካ ኢልም ይሓቱዎም ። መጀመሪያ ካብቲ ንሳቶም ዗ምጸኡዎም ሰባት ብምጅማር \nይሓቱ እሞ ሓዯ ካብኦም እወ ኢለ ይኣምን ፡ ነቲ ዜኣመነ ሓሉፎም ዯድሕሪኡ ዗ል ናቶም ሰብ ይሓቱ እሞ \nኣይከፈሌኩን ምስ በሇ ሽጉጥ ይትኩሱለ እታ ሽጉጥ ድምጺ ምስ ሃበት (ካርቱሽ ይኾው ) እቲ ናቶም ሰብ \n዗ርጋሕ ኢለ ይወድቅ ፡ ካብ ኣፉ ድማ ዯም የውጽእ (ኣብ ኣፉ ዜነበረ ሕብሪ ዯም ዗ልዎ ነገር ማሇት እዩ) ። \nዲሓር ድሕሪኡ ዗ል ኡሱር ንስኻኸ ? ኢልም ሕዜ ምስ ኣበለዎ ፈሪሁ ብ዗ይዋዓል ኡወ ይኸፊሌ ነረ ኢለ \nይኣምን ። እዙ ግን ሓዯ ግዛ ጥራሕ እዩ ተፈጽሙ ። \nዜረኸቡዎ ሓድሽ ነገር ስላ ዗ይነበረ ፡ ሻምበሌ በልው ካብዙ ርጉም ቀይሕ ተመን (ቀይሕ ተመን ኢለ \nይጽዋዓኒ ነሩ ) ዜርከብ ነገር ስላ዗ይሌቦ ንጎሆ ንጎሆ ካብ ሽሊኡ ናብ መሳቀይ ቦታ ኣምጽእኩም ዜኾነ ነገር \nከይሓተትኩምዎ ፍርቂ ሳዓት ኣሳቂኹም ጥራሕ ምሇሱዎ ዜብሌ ትእዚዜ ኣማሓሊሌፉ ። ክሳብ ልሚ ካብ \n዗ስሕቀኒ ነገር ድማ ፡ ካብ ሸሊ ኣውጽኡ ናብቲ መሳቀይ ቦታ ዗ብጻሓኒ ዓብሇልም ዜባሃሌ መንእሰይ ኣባሌ \nጸጥታ ነሩ ። ንሱ ሓዯ ማዓሌቲ ኣሳቅዮም ክመሌሰኒ ከል ኣብ መገዱ ኣእጋረይ ብምቑሳለ ክቅሌጥፍ ስላ \n዗ይክእሌ ፡ ስላ ዜዶንጎኹዎ ብኢደ ናዓናይ ቀሌጥፍ ኢለ ሃሪሙኒ ። ኣነ ድማ ግሌጽ ኢሇ ዋእ ኣብ ዯገኸ \nኣልና ድዩ ? ( ማህረምቲ ማሇተይ እዩ) ስላ በሌኩዎ ክሌተና ስሒቅና ። እንዲተመሊሇስና ሓዯ ማዓሌቲ \nሽሙ ይፈሌጥ ስላ ዗ይነበርኩ ንዓብሇልም ሽምካ መን እዩ ኢሇ ይሓቶ ። ንሱ ድማ ዓብሇልም ይብሇኒ ኣነ \nዓብሇልም ዜብሌ ሽም ንመጀመሪያ ግዛ ስላ ዜሰማዕኩዋ ይጻወተሇይ ኣል ኢሇ ሓቐኛ ሽምካ ዗ይትነግረኒ \nእንታይዶ ኣሇዎ ይብል እሞ ዯጊሙ ናይ ብሓቒ ሽሙ ምዃኑ ነጊሩኒ ። ትእዚዜ ሻምበሌ በሇው ድማ ኣብ \nራብዓይ ማዓሌቱ ጠጠው ኢለ። \nመጀመሪያ ግዜያት ሞራሇይ ተጻዋርነተይ ሊዕሉ ነሩ ። ከሳቅዩኒ ከልዉ ብርቱዕ ቃንዚ እኳ ኣንተተሰማዓኒ \nየእዊ ወይ ይነብዕ ኣይነበርኩን ። ኣዕንተይ ብምዕማት ርእሰይ እንዲኣወዚወዜኩ ጥራሕ ተጸሚመ የሕሌፎ ነረ \n። ዲሓር ግን ድኽመት እንዲተሰማዓኒ ስላ ዜኸዯ ቀሌጥፈ ስላ ዜቁንዝ ኣህ ኣህ ኣህ ዜብሌ ድምጺ ከውጽእ \nጀሚረ ። እቲ ዗ገሪም ድምጺ ዗ይምሃብ ዗ይምእዋይ ፡ ነቶም ዶግዶግቲ ( ኣሳቀይቲ) ኣብ ዕቡድ ከሌቢ እዩ \nዜቅይሮም ዓቅልም የጽብበልም ። ሓዯ ግዛ ምስ ሓይሇይ ከልኹ ኣብ ከብዱ እግረይ እንዲሃረሙኒ \nምንቅስቃስ እምበር ድምጺ የውጽእ ስላ ዗ይነበርኩ እማሃ ዜባሃሌ እትዮጵያዊ ሞኮነን ነቲ ጭጉራፍ ባዕለ \nወሲደ ክሃርመኒ ጀሚሩ እሞ ድሕሪ ገሇ ምህራም ብሓይሉ ከምዜሃሪም ተመሲለ ኣብ ከብዱ እግረይ \nኣፍኩሱ ከውርዶ ጀሚሩ ። ኣነ ድማ ይርህርሃሇይ ድዩ ዗ል ወይስ የሕምመኒዶ ኣይየሕምመንን ክፈሌጥ \nይምርምረኒ ኣል ክፈሌጥ ስላ ዗ይካኣሌኩ ፡ ይምርምረኒ ኣል ዜብሌ ግምት ስላ ዜሓ዗ኒ እቲ ሌሙድ ናይ \nቃንዚ ምሌክታት ኣይኣርኣኹን ። ንሱ ድማ ማህረምቲ ብቅጽበት ጠጠው ኣቢለዎ ። እማሃ ዗ይዚረብ ትም \nባሃሊይ እትዮጵያዊ መንእሰይ እዩ ነሩ ። ምስ ካሌኣዩ ሞኮነን ዜባሃሌ ምኮነን (ኦፊሰር) ፡ ኩነታት መርመራ \nዜከታተለ ዲኣምበር ካብቶም ኣሳቀይቲ ኣይነበሩን ። ካብ ጦር ሰራዊትን ፖሉስን ተዚንቆም ቀንዱ ኣካየድቲ \nናይዙ ስራሕ ዜነበሩ ድማ ኮልኔሌ ግርማ (ፖሉስ ይመስሇኒ)፡ ሻሇቃ ተፈራ (ጦር) ሻምበሌ በሇጠ (ፖሉስ)፡ \nሻምበሌ ቦልው (ጦር)፡ እማሃን ሞኮነንን ( ፖሉስ ይመስሇኒ) እዮም ዜነበሩ ። \nብምቅጥቃጥ ዜርከብ ነገር ከም዗ይሌቦ ምስ ፈሇጡ እቲ ናይ መጨረሽታ ሜሊታቶም ስላምንታይ ነፍስኻ \nተሳቂ ? እንተዲኣ ንገሇ ምሳኹም ካብ ዜተሓባበሩ ናይ መንግስቲ ሰራሕተኛታት ሓዯ ወይ ክሌተ ነግርካና \nወይ ድማ ካብቶም መራሕቲ ጀብሃ ንኣሕመድ ኣስመራ እንተኣትሕዜካና ክትሌቀቅ ኢኻ ንኣዱስ ኣበባ \nትምህርቲ ክትቅጽሌ ክንሰዯካ ኢና ፡ ንወጻኢ ክንሰዯካ እና ዜብሌ መብጻዓታት ይህቡኒ ነሮም ። \nኣነ እውን ብወገነይ ንምትሊልም ይጽዕር ነረ ። ምሳና ዜሰርሑ ናይ መንግስቲ ሰራሕተኛታት ብፍጹም \nየልዉን ። ወዮ ኣይተኣምኑን ኮይንኩም እምበር ይትረፍ ኣብ መንግስቲ ካብ ካሌእ ዜተሰርዔ እውን ውሱን \nእዩ ፡ እንተምትሓዜ ናይ ኣሕመድ ኣስመራ ብጣዕሚ ቀሉሌ እዩ መሰረታዊ ነገር ግን መጀመሪያ ንስኻትኩም \nከመይ ገርኩም ኣብ ሌዕሇይ እምነት ተሕድሩ እዩ ኢሇ ፡ ዜያዲ ክኣምኑ ድማ ፡ እመኑኒ ኣነ ኣብ ጣዓሳ እየ \n዗ልኹ ብጾተይ ተማሃሮ ምስ ተታሕዘ ፈሪሄ ዜወጻእኩ እየ ። ኣነስ እንቋዕ ካሌእ ገበናት ከይፈጸምኩ \nተታሒ዗ ፡ ብምትሓ዗ይ ሕጉስ እየ ዗ልኹ ይብልም ነረ ። ዜብሌዎ ሓቂ እንተኾይኑ ድማ ንምህዲም ዕድሌ \nዜረኽበለ መገዱታት ንምምሃዜ ይሓስብ ነረ ። ቀጺልም ጻሓይ ምስ በረቀት ቁሪ ኣስመራ ገብገብ ኣቢለካ \nጻሃይ ትምነየለ እዋን ኮልነሌ ግርማ ምስ ክሌተ ብጾቱ እማሃን ሞኮነንን ኮይኑ ንዜተወሰነ እዋን ኣብ ኣፍ ዯገ \nናይ ሓዯ ገዚ ኮፍ ኣቢልም ጻሓይ እንዲተጸልኹ ምሳይ ብምዜርራብ ሓንጎሇይ ንምሕጻብ ፡ ጉዲይ ሰውራ \nኤርትራ ኣሌዕልም ፡ ብዚዕባቲ ሰውራ ኤርትራ ትገብሮ ስራሓት ንህዜቢ ዜጎድእ ስራሓት እዩ ንመንግስቲ \nሓንቲ ኣይገብራን ብምባሌ ከእሙኑኒ ይፍትኑ ነሮም ። ንምሳላ ቡንቶታት ኣብ ምዕናው ዜጉዲእ ህዜቢ \nዲኣምበር ፡ መንግስቲ ንሰራዊቱ ተንቀሳቃሲ ድሌድሌ ብምስራሕ ክንቀሳቅሶ ከምዜኽእሌ ፡ ሰሊም ክሳኣን \nከል ዜጉዲእ ህዜቢ እዩ ። ተማሃራይ ትምህርቱ ይቋረጽ ሓረስቶትን ሰራሕተኛታትን ናብራኦም ይጎናዯብ \nወ዗ተ. .ብምባሌ ይዚረቡኒ ነሮም ።ንሳቶም ብኣምሓርኛ ክዚረቡኒ ከልዉ ኣነ ኩለ ዗ረባኦም ሰሚዔ ንቋንቋ \nምስ መግዚእቲ ኣታኣሳስረ ዜሪኤለ ዜነበርኩ ግዛ ስላ ዜነበረ ብትግርኛ ጥራሕ ይምሌሽ ነረ ። ሓንቲ ናይ \nኣምሓርኛ ቃሌ ኣውጽኤ ኣይፈሌጥን ። ኣብቲ መጀመሪያ እዋናት ድማ ሞራሇይ ንሙውዲቅ ብጾትካ ባዓሌ \nኣሕመድ ኣስመራ ሕማም ቲፎ ኣቲዩዎም ብዘሓት ሞይቶም ። ኣሕመድ ኣስመራ ገበን ፈጺምካ ኢልም \nኣሲሮሞ ኣሇዉ ወ዗ተ.እውን ይብለኒ ነሮም ። \nከምዙ ኢሌና ነንሕድሕድና እንዲኣታሇሌና እቲ ናይ ምዜርራብ መዯብ ንሰሇስተ ማዓሌቲ ቀጺለ ኣብ ራብዓይ \nማዓሌቲ ቅድሚ ምስኦም ኮፍ ምባሇይ ሓድሽ ተሓብኡ ዜነበረ ገሇ ንጥፈታትና ከምዜበጸሖም ፈሉጠ ። \nንምሳላ እተን ዜጠቀስኩወን ካሻፋት ካብ ኣስመራ ስላ ዜተገዜኣ እሞ ኣነ ዜሓባእኩዎ ነገራት ከም዗ል \nስላዜፈሇጡ ተዲሌዮም ጸኒሖም ቦታ ጻሓይ ኮፍ ምስ በሌና ፡ ሞኮነን ንእሽቶ ቆጽሉ ቆሪጹ ከምቲ ኣብ \nባንዯራ ኤርትራ ዗ል ቁጽሉ ኣውሌዕ ከቢቡ ዓጺፉ \" ኣብዯሊ የሄ ምንድነው ? \" ኢለ ሓቲቱኒ ኣነ ድማ \nእቲ ነገር ተበሊሽዩ ከም዗ል ስላ ዜፈሇጥኩ ፡ እታ ንእሽቶ ሓረግ ቆጽሉታታ ሙለእ ስላ ዗ይነበረ ባንዯራ \nኤርትራ እያ ትጥጥዕ ኣሊ ኢሇዮ ። ስሒቆም ። “ሌክ ገና ነው ገና ” ኢልም ። ቀጽልም ፡ ንስኻ ዜኾነ ነገራት \nየልን ትብሇና ነርካ ዜሓባእካዮ ነገራት ግን ንረክብ ኣልና ኢልሙኒ ። ኣነ ድማ ንጀብሃ ይጠቅም ኢሇ \nዜሓባእኩዎ ነገር ብፍጹም የሌቦን ይብልም ። እንታይ ምዃኑ እውን ኣይነገሩንን ። ብዘሕ ዕድሌ ናይ ዗ረባ \nኣይነበረን ፈሌጥናካ ኣልና ዜዓይነቱ ዗ረባታት ጥራሕ ተዚርቦሙኒ ኣብ መርመራ ኣእቲዮሙኒ ። ቀንዱ \nመርመራኦም ድማ ካብ ኣስመራ ዜወጸ ገን዗ብ ኣል መን እዩ ይህበኩም ነሩ ኣብ ዜብሌ ዗ቶከረ ነሩ ። ኣነ \nድማ ስራሕ ኣብ ቀረባ እዋን ስላ ዜጀመርና ዜኾነ ዜወጸ ገን዗ብ የልን ኣብ ዜብሌ ነቂጸ ። ዲሓር ባዕልም \nካሻፋት ገዜእኩም ኣውጽእኩም ክብለኒ ተገድዶም። ኣነ ድማ ካሻፋት ከም ዜተገዜኤ ፈሉጦም ከም዗ልዉ \nስላ ዜፈሇጥኩ እቲ ቀንዱ ዗ገድሶም ዜነበረ ዜተገዜኣለ ገን዗ብ ምዃኑ እውን ስላ ዜበረሄ ፡ ኣነ ካሻፋት \nገዜእና ኢሇ ዗ይነገርኩለ ምኽንያት ንስኻትኩም ስላ዗ይተኣምኑ እቲ ገን዗ብ ካብዙ ዜወጸ እዩ ክትብለ \nምዃንኩም ስላ ዜፈሇጥኩ ጥራሕ ሓብኤዮ ኢሇዮም ፡ እቲ ገን዗ብ ካብ ሜዲ ዜመጸ ምዃኑ ወ዗ተ. \nሓብረዮም ። \n ብዚዕባ ካሻፋት ድማ መጀመሪያ ካሌእ ዜርዜራት ዗ይብለ ካሻፋት ጥራሕ ኣውጽኦም ዜብሌ ሓበሬታ ስላ \nዜረኸቡ ይመስሇኒ ናዓይ ምምርማር ተስፋ ስላ ዗ይሃቦም ፡ ካበይ ተገዙኡ መን ገዙኡዎ ንምፍሊጥ በሉሕ \nሜሊ ተጠቂሞም ። ንሱ ድማ ካሻፋት ካብ ኣስመራ ከምዜወጸ ስላ ዜፈሇጡ መጀመሪያ ካብ ኣየናይ ቦታ \nንዜብሌ ሕቶ ንምምሊሽ ፡ ኣብ ኣስመራ ካሻፋት ዜሸጡ ኣብ ኮምብሽታቶ ዜነበራ ክሌተ ናይ ጠሊይን ሸቀጥ \nቦታታት ጥራሕ እየን ነረን ። ንሳተን ድማ እንዲ ቫጊን እንዲ ቢኒን እየን ። ካሻፋት ኣብቲ እዋን ብ዗ይፍቃድ \nናይ መንግስቲ ይግዚእ ኣይነበረን ክትገዜእ ድማ ሃዲናይ ክትኾውን ኣልካ ። ስላዙ ብ዗ይፍቃድ ዜወጻ እየን \n። መን እዩ ኣብዙ ጉዲይ ምስኦም ክታሓባበር ዜኽእሌ ንዜብሌ ሕቶ ንምምሊሽ ካብቶም ኣብዙ ክሌተ \nቦታታት ካብ ዜሰርሑ ባእታታት ( ስራሕተኛታት ) ዜያዲ ጠርጠራኦም ኣብ ሌዕሉ እንዲቫጊ ዜሰሪሕ ዜነበረ \nሳፊ ስዒድ ዜባሃሌ ኣባሌና ምስ ኮነ ፡ ንሳፊ ሕዝም ብ዗ይመርመራ ብ዗ይ ገሇ ነገር ካሌእ ካሻፋት ብመገዶም \nኣምጽኦም ኣብቲ ናይ መርመራ ቦታ ኣብ ጠረቤዚ ኣቀምጦም ንሳፊ “ ኣየ ባዓሌ ሳፊ ትገብሩዎ እኖሆሌካ በሌ \nእቲ ገገዜእኩም ትሰደልም ዜነበርኩም ንብረት ተታሒዘ “ይብለዎ። ሳፊ ሌክዕ ነተን ዗ውጸኤን ካሻፋት \nዜመስሊ ኣብ ቅድሚ ዓይኑ ምስ ራኣየ ገሇ ግዛ ዜገበረ ነገር እኳ ኣንተኾነ ነዙ ጉዲይ ዜፈሌጥ ኣሕመድ ኻጢብ \nድማ ቅድሚኡ ተታሒዘ ኣብ ማእሰርቲ ምሳና ስላ ዜነበረ ፡ኻጢብ ኣይነገረን ክነሱ ሳፊ ተዯናግሩ ፡ እወ ኣነ \nመኽሰብ ስላ ዜረኸብኩለ ንሸቀጥ ኢሇ ካብ እሕመድ ኻጢብ ገን዗ብ ተቀቢሇ ሸይጠለ ካሌእ ዜፈሌጦ ነገር \nግን የይብሇይን ኢለ ይኣምን ። ኣሕመድ ኻጢብ ረቢ ይርሓሞ ቅድሚ ገሇ ዓመታት ኣብ ስዑዱያ ዜተሰወኤ \nብዘሕ ተመርምሩን ተሳቅዩን ዜኾነ ምስጥራት ዗ይኣውጽኤ ካብቶም ቀንዱ መራሕቲ ጨንፈር ዜነበረ እዩ ። \nካሌእ ይትረፍ ካብቶም ኣብ ትሕቲ ሓሊፍነቱ ዜነበሩ ስሩዓት ሓዯ ዗ይጠቀሰ ጽኑዕ ጅግና ተቃሊሳይ እዩ ። \nኣሕመድ እዙ ጉዲይ ንምክሓደ ስላ ዗ሸገሮ ነገሩ ምስቲ ኣምሌጡ ዜነበረ ቀንዱ ሓሊፊ ናይቲ ጨንፈር ዜነበረ \nሑሴን ዩሱፍ ኣታሓሒዘ ኣነ እዙ ነገር ንግዱ ምዃኑ ጥራሕ እየ ዜፈሌጥ ገን዗ብ ድማ ሑሴን ሂቡኒ ኣብ \nዜብሌ ጥራሕ ጸኒዑ ። ስላዙ እዩ እቲ ገን዗ብ ካበይ መጽኡ ዜብሌ ጉዲይ ካባይ ንምፍሊጥ ዜፈተኑ ። \nንኣሕመድ ኻጢብ ብብርቱዕ ኣሳቅዮም ናዓይ ኣብኡ ወሲዶም ነዙ ትፈሌጦዶ ኢልም ኣርእዮሙኒ ። ኣነ \nድማ ኣብ ቅድሚኡ ብፉጹም ኣይፈሌጦን ኢሇዮም ። ንሱ እውን ኣብቲ መርመራ ጸኒዑ ናዓይ \nከም዗ይፈሌጠኒ ሓቢሩ እዩ ። ኣሕመድ ካብቶም ቀንዱ ንራኸቦም ዜነበርና መራሕቲ ክነሱ ፡ ነገሩ ብከምኡ \nተወድኡ ። ይኹን እምበር ኣነ እውን ሑሴን ዩሱፍ ካብ ምትሓዜ ድሒኑ ንእትዮጵያ ገጹ ስላ ዜሃዯመ \nኣዋርሕ እውን ስላዜገበርና ፡ ኣምሌጡ ብማሇት እቲ ነገር ጠጠው ክብሌ ነገሩ ንዑኡ ኣሰክመ ፡ ኣነ ንሑሴን \nጥራሕ እየ ዜፈሌጥ ንሑሴን ገን዗ብ ሂበ ብመገዱ ሸቀጥ ኣኽስብካ ካሻፋት ግዜኣሌና ኢሇዮ ካሌኦት \nኣይፈሌጦምን ኣይፈሌጡንን ዜበሌኩዎም ። ኣሕመድ ኻጢብ ሕብሩ ቀይሕ እዩ ነሩ ኩለ ኣካሊቱ \nብምቅጥቃት በርበረ መሲለ ምስ ርኣኹ ዜተሰማዓኒ ጓህዪ ክሓብእ ስላ ዗ይካኣሌኩ ፡ ታሃንድዯ እዝም \nተሳቅዩዎም ዗ልኹም እንታይ ዜገበሩ እዮም ሓንቲ ዜፈሌጡ ኣይኮኑን ምስ በሌኩ እንዲጎነጹ ካብታ ገዚ \nኣውጽኦሙኒ ። \nሑሴን ዩሱፍ እውን ብንእሽቱኡ ከል ኣብ ውሽጢ ኣስመራ ኣባሌ ምስጥራዊ ስርርዓት ዜነበረ ዜተፈሊሇየ \nእዋናት ተጠርጥሩ ይእሰር ዜነበረ ብጽንዓቱ ዜተፈሌጠ ጅግና መንእሰይ እዩ ነሩ ። ቀንዱ መራሒ ናይቲ \nጨንፈር እውን ንሱ ነሩ ። ገሇ ዜተታሕዘ ኣባሊት ስላዜነበሩ ከምዜእሰር ርግጸኛ ስላ ዜነበረ ፡ ነገሩ ክብተኽ \n፡ ከምኡ እውን ብሰንኪ ናይ ዜተፈሊሇየ ግዜያት ማእሰርትን ዜሓዯሮ ሕማማት ይሳቀ ስላ ዜነበረ ምርሓቁ \nስላ ዜተመርጸ እዩ ንእትዮጵያ ገጹ ሃዱሙ ። ይኹን እምበር ድሕሪ ካብ ሰሇስተ ወርሒ ዗ይውሕድ ግዛ ኣብ \nዶብ ሶማሉያ ተታሒዘ ንሕና ድሕሪ ኣስታት ኣርባዕተ ወርሒ ኣብ ማርካቶ ምስ ኣሕሇፉና ኣምጽኦምዎ ። \nሑሴን ዩሱፍ ሓቤረታ ናይቲ ኩለ ብድሕሪኡ ዜኾነ ነገራት ስላ዗ይፈሌጥ ምስቲ ናይቶም መርመርቲ \nምድንጋርን ካሌእን ፡ ነገሩ ቀሉሌ ኣይነበረን ይኹን እምበር ሑሴን ብዜተፈሊሇየ ምስጥራዊ ስራሓት \nዜተሞከረ ተቃሊሳይ ስላ ዜነበረ ፡ ብምትሓዘ ዜፈሇጡዎ ዜጠቅም ሓድሽ ነገር ኣይነበረን ። ንኣብነት ድማ \nምስኡ ዜነበሩ ዗ይተታሕዘ ኣባሊት ጨንፈር ነሮም እዮም ። \n ሑሴን ዩሱፍን ኣሕመድ ኻጢብን ገሇ ካብቶም ክርስዑ ዗ይግባእ ኣብ ውሽጢ ኣስመራ ኮይኖም ምእንቲ \nሃገር ብዘሕ መስዋእቲ ዜወፈዩ ተቃሇስቲ እዮም ። ሑሰን ዩሱፍ ድማ ረቢ ይርሓሞ ካብ ማእሰርቲ ምስ ወጸ \nብመገዱ ሱዲን ምስ ዯቁ ንብሪጣኒያ ተሰድደ ቅድሚ ገሇ ዓመታት ኣብታ ዜፈትዋ ዓደ ከይተመሌሰ ኣብኡ \nተሰዊኡ ። \n ኣብ ፎርቶ ፡ ሓሇውትናን ዜምግቡናን ጦር ሰራዊት እዮም ነሮም ። ኣብ ሞንጎኦም መቦቆልም ኤርትራ \nዜኾኑ ወይ ምስ ጉዲይ ኤርትራ ዜዯናገጹ ነሮም ይመስሇኒ ። ንምሳላ ሓዯ ተኸስተ ዜባሃሌ ዓደ ዋራ \n(ዯምበዚን) ተሊኣኣኺ ናይ ጀብሃ እዩ ብማሇት ተጠርጥሩ ተታሒዘ ኣብቲ ፎርቶ ሪኤዮ ። ሓዯ ካብቶም \nሓሇውቲ ጦር ሰራዊት ዜምድና ወይ ፍሌጠት ምስ ተኸስተ ዗ልዎ ይመስሇኒ ፡ ንሽንቲ ቤት ምስ ወጻእኩ \nናብታ ተኸስተ ዗ልዋ ሸሊ ኣምጽኡ ብዚዕባኡ ክሓቱኒ ምዃኑ ፈሉጡ ኣብ ቅድመይ ፡ ንስኻ ምስዙኦም \nእንታይ ኣልካ ኢለ ይሓቶ ፡ ንሱ ድማ ኣነ ሓዯ ግዛ ጥራሕ ካብ ዓድተከሇዚን ሽኮር ገዙኤ ኣምጽኤልም \nይብሌ ። ኣነ ድማ ነገሩ ተረድኡኒ ኣብ ቃለ ክጸንዕ ብማሇት ፡ ኣነ ኣይፈሌጦን እየ ፡ ንሕና ኣብቲ ከባቢ ዗ልዋ \nዓድታት ምስ ኣተና ንዜኾነ ሰብ ኪድ ካብ ዓድተከሇዚን ሹከር ኣምጻኣሌና ኢሌና ከይፈተወ ንሌእኾ ፡ እዙ \nድማ ሓዯ ካብኦም ይኾውን ብዜተረፈ ምሳና ዜኾነ ፍለይ ርክብ ዗ልዎ ሰብ ኣይኮነን ዜብሌ ዗ረባ ኣስምዔዮ \n። ዲሓር እውን እቶም መርመርቲ ተሊኣኣኺ ናትኩም እዩ ኢልም ምስ ሓተቱኒ ከምኣ ኢሇዮም ። ተኸስተ \nድማ ሌክዕ ተሇኣኣኺ ናትና እዩ ነሩ ። ካሌእ ብዚዕባ ካብቶም ሓሇውትና ዜነበሩ ዗ይርስዖ ሽሙ ዗ይፈሌጦ \nኣ዗ራረባኡ መሌክዑ ጭሕሙ (ሻናባት) ዕድሜኡ ሌክዕ ንስዉእ ገብረህወት ወዱ ሕምብርቲ ዜመስሌ ሓሊፊ \nናይቶም ዋርድያ ዜነበረ ጦር ሰራዊት ነሩ ። ብኣምሓርኛ እዩ ዜዚረብ ትግርኛ ዜፈሌጥ ኣይመስሇንን ። እዙ \nሰብ መጀመሪያ ነዝም ኣብዙ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዗ልዉ ዜስሕቦም ዗ል እዙ ዎሮበሊ እዩ ስላ ዜበለዎ ይመስሇኒ ፡ \nእቶም ጸጥታ ባዕልም ገፊፎም ክኣስሩ ከልዉ ከምኡ የውርዩ ስላ ዜነበሩ ፡ ዎሮበሊ ! እንዲበሇ ናይ ጽሌኢ \nምሌክት የርእየኒ ነሩ ። ድሕሪ ገሇ ማዓሌትታት ግምጥሌ ኢለ ናብታ ሸሊይ እንዲመጸ ፡ \" ኣርበኛ ኣይዝ \nየኣርበኛ ነገር እንዯዙ ነው \" ክብሇኒ ጀሚሩ ። እቲ ነገር ብኣንጻሩ ምዃኑን ሰብ ከም዗ይኣትሓዜኩን ስላ \nዜነገሩዎ ይመስሇኒ ። ቅሪብ ኢለ ድማ በታ መስኮት ናይ ሸሊ ኣበይ ተታሕዜካ ? ጀብሃ ብዘሓት ድዮም ? \nብረቶም ከመይ እዩ ? ወ዗ተ. ኢለ ይሓተኒ ነሩ ። ኣነ ድማ ኣጋንን ኣቢሇ ይነግሮ ነረ ። ከምቲ ሌሙድ ንሱ \nብኣምሓርኛ ኣነ ድማ ብትግርኛ ኢና ንዚረብ ነርና። \nኣብ ፎርቶ ከልኹ ዜነበረ ዗ይርሳዕ ብዘሕ ነገራት ነሩ ። ከምቲ ኣቀድመ ዜገሇጽኩዎ ጭብጢ ስላ ዜረኸቡ \n዗ይኮነስ ብጠርጠራ ዜእሰሩ ብዘሓት ነሮም ። ካብኣቶም ብቅድመይ ይኹን ብድሕረይ ምስቲ ኣብ ውሽጢ \nኣስመራ ዜነበረ ምንቅስቃስ ምትእስሳር ዜነበሮም ኣብ ፎርቶ ይኹን ኣብ ማርካቶ ካብ ዜነበሩ ዜዜክሮ \nኣስማት ፡- \n1. ኣሕመድ ኻጢብ \n2. ሑሴን ዩስፍ \n3. ዓሉ ኑር ኣሕመድ - ዜጠቀስኩዎም ሰሇስተ ሰባት ኮይኖም \n4. ሙሓመድ ሓጎስ \n5. ኻሉሌ ሸኽ ኣቡባካር \n6. ዓብደ ስዒድ \n7. ኣሕመድ ኑር ኣሕመድ \n8. ዱኒ ሙሳ ሙሓመድ \n9. ዓብደሌሓፊዜ \n10. ሙሓመድ (ምሳይ ኣብ ሸሊ ዜነበረ) \n11. ዓጣ ነጋሽ \n12. ሳፊ ስዒድ \n13. ኣሕመድ ዓብደሌዋሕድ \n14. ስራጅ ዑስማን \n15. ሸኽ ኣሕመድ \n16. ዲዉድ ሙሓመድ…… ነሮም። \n ገሉኦም ምስቲ ናተይ ሸሊ ተሊግቡ ዜነበረ ተር ዜበሇ ሸሊታት ስላ ዜነበሩ ዜዚረቡዎ ይስማዕ ነሩ ። ሓዯ ሓዯ \nእዋን ንኩለ እቲ ኣብ ውሽጢ እዙ ማእሰርቲ ዗ጓንፎም ኩነታት ከይኣገዯሶም የዕሌለን ይስሕቁን ነሮም ። ኣብ \nሞንጎኦም ኩለ ስቅያትካ ዗ረሳስዑ ባእታት ነሮም ። ሓዯ ካብኦም ረቢ ይርሓሞ ሙሓመድ ሓጎስ ነሩ ። \nመጀመሪያ ኣብቲ ሸሊ ከእትዉኻ ከልዉ እቶም ጦር ሰራዊት መግቢ ከምጽኡሌካ ምስ ዜዯሌዩ ኣቀድሞም \nካብታ ኣብ ማዕጾ ዗ሊ ንእሽቶ መስኮት ሓዯ ጠሚቱ እንታይ ዓይነት ብሌዒ ኢኻ ትበሌዕ ፡ ቀይ ወይስ ኣሉጫ \n? (ቀይሕዶ ኣሉጫ ) ኢለ ይሓተካ ። ቀይ ማሇት በርበረ ዗ልዎ ኣሉጫ ድማ በርበረ ዗ይብለ ማሇት ኮይኑ \n዗ድሌየካ ትነግሮ ። ሓዯ ካብዝም ዗ስሕቁ ብጾት ንሓዯ ካብቶም ብጾቱ ጠቒሱ፡ እገሇ መጀመሪያ ምስ መጸ \nጦር ሰራዊት ቀይ ድኻ ትዯሉ ወይስ ኣሉጫ ኢለም ምስ ሓተቱዎ ፡ ቀይ ማሇት ስጋ ዗ልዎ ጸብሒ መሲለዎ \nኣነ እስሊማይ እየ ኢለዎም ። እቲ ጦር ድማ ኣፈር ብሊ ዯሞ ስጋ ትፈሌጋሇህ ኢለዎ፡ እንዲበሇ ንኩልም \nእቶም ዜሰምዑ የስሕቆም ። እቲ ሰብ ድማ ሓሳዊ እንዲበሇ ገሇ ካብቲ ኣብ ምስቃይ ወ዗ተ. ዜበል ነገራት \nኣምጽኡ የስሕቆም ። ብከምዙ እቲ ዜነበሩዎ ጭንቀትን ጸበባን ነንሕድሕዶም የረሳስዑ ። ከምኡ ከዕሌለ \nክትሰምዕ ከልኻ ድማ ካብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ወጻኢ ዗ልኻ ኮይኑ ይስማዓካ ። \n መግቢ ኣብ ፍለይ ንወታሃዯራት ዜተሰርሔ መትሓዙ ታዓሽጉ ይዋሃበካ ። ሻሂ ድማ ንጎሆ ምስ ቁራጽ \nቅጫ ዲርጋ ፍርቂ ጋበጣ ናይ ማይ ብራሾ ይህቡኻ ፡ንምሳሕን ድራርን ዜዋሃበና እንጀራ ጣፍ ወይ ድማ \nካሌእ ጹሩይ እኽሉ ነሩ ። \nኣነ ኣብታ ሸሊ በይነይ እየ ነረ። ሓዯ እዋን ካብቶም ዜተጠቅሱ ብጾት ምስ ዓብደሌሓፊዜ ኣብ ስፍየት ዜሰሪሕ \nዜነበረ ሙሓመድ ዜባሃሌ መንእሰይ ነታ ማዕጾ ናይ ሸሊይ ክፊት ኣቢልም ምሳይ የእትዉዎ እሞ ፡ እቱው \nምስ በሇ ኩርሙይ ኢለ ሕሌምሌም እንዲ በሇ ኮፍ ይብሌ። ኣነ መን ኢኻ ንምንታይከ ኣምጽኦሙኻ ይብል።\nንሱ ድማ ኣነ ምስ ዓብደሌሓፊዜ ዑቁብ ነሩና ክሌተ ወርሒ ክሌተ ቅርሺ ምስ ከፈሌኩ ፡ ካባይ ይጀመር \nኢሇ ኣቢየዮ ገዱፈዮ ። ስላዙ ናይ ዑቁብ ገን዗ብ ስላ ዜኸፈሌኩ እዩ ይብሇኒ ። ኣነ ድማ ብዑቁብ \nከም዗ይእሰር እንዲፈሇጥኩ እሞ እንቋዕ ዑቁብ ኮነ እምበር እንታይ ከይመጸካ ኣጆኻ ይብል ። ዓብደሌሓፊዜ \nመራሕ ጉጅላኡ እዩ ነሩ ። ክሌተ ወርሒ ድማ ንውድብ ዜኸፈል ወርሓዊ ክፍሉት እዩ ።ኣነ ዑቁብ ኢለ \nወሲደሇይ ካሌእ ዜፈሌጦ የይብሇይን ኣብ ዜብሌ ድማ ነቂጹ ። ኣብታ ሸሊ ምሳይ ካብ ወርሒ ንሊዕሉ ገሩ ። \nዕረፍቲ ኣብ ዜነበረኒ እዋን ስላ ዜነበረ ክፎኽሶ ፊዯሊት ዓረብኛ ከምህሮ ጀሚረ ። መሬት ናይታ ዜነበርናያ \nሸሊ ሰመንቶ ስላ ዜኾነ ሰሇዲና እቲ ሰመንቶ ነሩ ። ንእሽቶ ታኒካ ማይ ትዋሃበና ስላ ዜነበረት በቲ ማይ ኣብቲ \nሰመንቶ ፊዯሊት ክጽሕፈለ ጀሚረ ፡ ክነቅጽ ከል መሉሰና እንዲጻሓፍና የምህሮ ነረ ። ፊዯሊት ኣጽንዑ \nዜተጣመራ ክሌተ ሰሇስተ ፊዯሊት ከንብብ ምስ ጀመረ ፡ ብከምዙ ቁርኣን ከንብብ : ክጽሕፍ ይኽእሌ ማሇት \nድዩ ? እንዲበሇ ይሑገስ ነሩ ። ኣነ ድማ ቛንቛታት ኩለ ፊዯሊት እንዲኣለ ፡ ከመይ ዲኣ ኣጆኻ እንዲበሌኩ \nየተባብዖ ነረ ። ማእሰርቲ ዓቅለ ኣጽብቡለ ተጨኒቁ ዜነበረ ሰብ ፡ ዋሊ ኣዋሪሕ ይታኣሰር ክብሌ ጀመረ ። \nሙሓመድ ጸልት ክገብር ከል ዗ይርሳዕ ሓጽር ጸልት ነሩዎ። ኩለ ግዛ “ ኣታ ረቢ ካሪም ራሒም ካብዙ \nጸብብ ናብ ገፊሕ ኣውጻኣና “ ይብሌ ነሩ ( ኦ! ርህሩህን ሇጋስን ኣምሊኼይ ካብዙ ጸብብ ናብ ገፊሕ \nኣውጻኣና ) ። ፊዯሊት ምስ ተማሃረ ድማ ነዊሕ ኣይገበረን ካብቲ ጸቢብ ናብ ገፊሕ ወጺኡ ። \nይቅጽሌ ", "model": null, "signature": "f8ede7e787833a9623fdd14216930194f9331a55e3b0c7f6393565ff83d6e420", "categories": [ { "id": "other-documents", "title": "Further source documents", "evidence": "No narrower English title or collection-anchor category established; original language 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Chyrum", "byline_role": "Signed by", "date": "30 September 2005", "metadata_evidence": [ { "field": "credit", "value": "Elsa Chyrum", "source_excerpt": "u to claim that you hold the authority of a Minister of Justice. Elsa Chyrum 30 September 2005 London, United Kingdom", "original_sha256": "d1af5b118d00eaec07d2baa1a02ce15af469994bc0d26b14305271e0e1c4f725" }, { "field": "date", "value": "30 September 2005", "source_excerpt": "hat you hold the authority of a Minister of Justice. Elsa Chyrum 30 September 2005 London, United Kingdom", "original_sha256": "d1af5b118d00eaec07d2baa1a02ce15af469994bc0d26b14305271e0e1c4f725" } ], "text": "11/10: AN OPEN LETTER TO MINISTER FOZIA HASHIM (from a former police interrogator) Mrs Fozia Hashim Minister of Justice Asmara Eritrea Honourable Minister, I believe the word justice invokes the fair and equal treatment of all citizens or the protection of their rights under the rule of law. Had there been no rule of law, the strong and the rich would have consumed the poor. The boundaries of the rule of law should not be easily violated simply because one possesses the power and the might to do so and that is the reason why a Ministry of Justice is primarily established. That is also why the whole world has accepted its universal validity. By twist of fate, you are the Minister of Justice for a government that is being incessantly accused and blamed for the gross violations of human rights, and by the powers bestowed on this Ministry, the protection of citizens’ rights rests entirely upon you. When the powers of an office are conducted accordingly, that same office is respected; but when it abuses that power, it is held responsible for crimes committed. I am sure this is not unknown secret to you. Unfortunately, at this moment in time, if we see Eritrea as an independent nation, we cannot say there is a rule of law that protects the rights of citizens. If you wish to confirm these allegations, it should not be necessary for you to visit Dahlak, Ghel’alo, Wi’a, Ghedem, Hadish M’asker and the prisons spread out all over the wilderness in the countryside. All you have to do is go to Karsheli – just one kilometre away from your office. There, you will see conditions that can make you shed tears of blood – not water. That is when I can make you understand to what extent the rights of Eritreans have been violated. If you have a heart, you might cry and weep. In Karsheli, there are prisoners who have no files and not at all known to the legal authorities. They have been locked behind bars not for months but years. All you need to do is to slightly open the doors and see the dirt, the hunger, the disease, the stink and look at their ashen- faced expression and, if there is a heart in you, your face will be washed in tears. There will be prisoners with swollen legs, dry lips, hollow eyes, skeletal faces and many who lost their minds. But I don’t think you have the courage to get close to them. Honourable Minister, Ask anyone of the 8 members of the interrogation department about the prisoners of that 6 by 5 large prison cell. Just ask what their crime is. The problem is no member would know what reply to give. All they would say is that the prisoners are there by the orders of the President’s Office and security headquarters. And ask them if the legal authorities have any knowledge of these. The answer is clear. They will say, ‘No’. Even the modified legal procedures inherited from the Ethiopian rule declare that any prisoner should not be held for more than 48 hours without charge. If a case needs clarification and demands a prisoner be held for longer, it requires the permission and approval of a court for an extension of not more than 28 days. Despite this knowledge, you will find out that the prisoners have not only been detained for months, but for years and most of them did not even commit crimes that require the attention of a court of law. These are not the only abuses. If you visit the 2nd Police Station (next door to Karsheli prison), you will find a tea shop on the right hand side and behind that, there is a huge iron gate. This is the big gate that leads to Karsheli. Once you enter, you will find men and women who are beaten while suspended like slaughtered sheep. It is much harder for the women. The beating is so harsh that they experience undue periods of their menstruation cycle. They bleed and they are not provided with water or pieces of cloth to clean themselves up. The blood flows down their legs and they are with their clothes soaked in blood. They look awful. Honourable Minister, May be you cannot or do not want to differentiate the pain and suffering of the Eritrean people from the sound of sweet music. But you should not forget that you will be held accountable for all these atrocities when the dawn of justice arrives. I only mentioned Karsheli and the 2nd Police Station simply because they are close to your office. At this moment, since the whole of Eritrea has become a prison, you can imagine the abuses being committed on the people of Eritrea. Since you are the Minister of Justice in a country where all these atrocities are being committed, no one will stop you if you choose to close your eyes, shut your mouth and deafen your ears. You just have to remember that when justice strikes tomorrow, you have nowhere to run and no place to hide. Until then, the people of Eritrea will pray for you to stay alive. However, during a time when the people of Eritrea are losing their senses under the shackles of injustice, it is not appropriate for you to claim that you hold the authority of a Minister of Justice. 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Why is there such indifference to the extreme brutality of some African regimes? A disturbing article appeared in the Guardian’s Comment is Free section a few days ago, written by Esayas Isaak about his brother Dawit, a Swedish journalist, who has been held in Eritrea without charge for eight years. I urge you to read the article below and then access this link: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2010/may/24/eu-go... Read the comments that follow and compare them to those that unfailingly accompany any article about the Palestinians. There are only 17 comments after this article, and they are in stark contrast. Here is one: I deeply sympathise with your brother's predicament and wish you every success in your campaign however, why MUST EU governments do something as opposed to Eritrea's neighbours or other influential African countries? Here is the article: While we cannot be sure that there is a heaven, three weeks ago we received partial confirmation that hell is a reality with a known location. Its address is the infamous Eiraeiro prison in Eritrea, 10 miles north of the capital city Asmara, where 35 high-level political prisoners of the Eritrean regime have been held captive in recent years. Fifteen of these prisoners are known to have died, nine are suffering from serious medical problems and the others are enduring brutal prison conditions. One of them is the journalist Dawit Isaak, a Swedish citizen, who was first detained in 2001. He was briefly released in 2005, only to be rearrested again within days. In all of his eight and a half years of detention, he has never been formally charged with a crime. Isaak and nine journalist colleagues were arrested seemingly for nothing more than criticising the lack of press freedom and democratic debate in Eritrea. The most recent revelations of a former prison guard who managed to flee to neighbouring Ethiopia in January, and whose information was first reported in Sweden in April, make clear that Isaak and other inmates are kept in horrendous circumstances. They are not allowed any contact with the outside world or with each other. Their cells are brutally hot almost all year round. They are constantly shackled and the only time they leave their cells is to spend one hour per day in a walled courtyard measuring four square meters. The men receive virtually no medical care and many appear to be psychologically broken. According to a former guard, who fled because he feared for his own life if the prisoners died, the deprivations suffered by the inmates are \"worse than torture\". Under pressure from critics, the Swedish government has repeatedly refused comment, asserting that it is doing everything it can to rescue Dawit Isaak. The Swedish public, Isaak's family and human rights activists are increasingly concerned, however, that Isaak, who suffers from diabetes, may be lost before help reaches him. Their concerns appear well justified. Why, for example, have Swedish officials so far not bothered to interview the escaped prison guard? We would like to stress that we do not completely discount the value of silent diplomacy. While we fully appreciate the enormous difficulties and complexities of the case, the question that presents itself most urgently is, what can we all do together to save Isaak before it is too late? Efforts at the EU level, such as seeking the suspension of aid to Eritrea, as well as applying diplomatic pressure on the regime, are vitally important. The EU process is slow and bureaucratic, and the representatives' attention is currently diverted by the spreading global financial crisis. We strongly believe that the battle also has to be taken directly to Eritrea. President Isaias Afewerki has to be prevailed upon to accept a credible emissary who negotiates Isaak's release. At the same time, the Eritrean regime's violation of international humanitarian conventions for the treatment of prisoners, such as ensuring adequate food, medical care and other basic rights, needs to be highlighted in the most stringent terms. A Swedish or international medical team – under the auspices of the International Red Cross or an organisation such as Doctors Without Borders – should be placed on 24-hour standby to leave for Eritrea. The Eritrean government should be requested every single day to give clearance for such a visit. That would highlight the problem while also underscoring the most necessary action to be taken this very instant. The idea that Afewerki cannot be dealt with, that he is worse than any other dictator, is a fallacy. Sweden and the EU must now send a strong signal. They must officially and publicly demand access to a prisoner who is not only a full Swedish citizen, but also an EU citizen (its only prisoner of conscience). Isaak, tragically, stands as a symbol for the continued suffering of the victims of human rights abuses worldwide. If democratic governments fail to firmly stand up to such outrages, they not only lose credibility but become passive aides of the torturers who commit these crimes. Source http://www.jeberti.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=434:indifference-to-suffering-unless-its-the-palestinians&catid=34:english", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "8593466fc20a33f8cc31b792", "source_sha256": "055964619f88b6a660f375db797c4eecd75fbfbd19a718512da5481f20df54ff", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-090d81f3fc8468ffb1d2dca5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/0", "start": 3, "end": 5 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "By " }, { "text": "Marian Lebor", "href": "http://www.thejc.com/users/marian-lebor" }, { "text": "\n May 30, 2010" } ] }, { "id": "b-9d30b368e6e5f69e99ac7419", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/0", "start": 184, "end": 414 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Of all the troubled peoples in the world, why is it a given that the Palestinians, above all others, need all the worldwide support they can get? Why is there such indifference to the extreme brutality of some African regimes?" } ] }, { "id": "b-95b1b19db580ca7bbdf0b317", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/0", "start": 423, "end": 709 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "A disturbing article appeared in the Guardian’s Comment is Free section a few days ago, written by Esayas Isaak about his brother Dawit, a Swedish journalist, who has been held in Eritrea without charge for eight years. I urge you to read the article below and then access this link:" } ] }, { "id": "b-a8083d396527ee2e6091db68", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/6/0", "start": 718, "end": 1081 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2010/may/24/eu-go...", "href": "http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2010/may/24/eu-governments-prisoners-of-conscienc" } ] }, { "id": "b-cc9f63209b45ca361c5d99d4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/8/0", "start": 1090, "end": 1302 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Read the comments that follow and compare them to those that unfailingly accompany any article about the Palestinians. There are only 17 comments after this article, and they are in stark contrast. Here is one:" } ] }, { "id": "b-edcbeb1679b84cd4b257aa08", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/10/0", "start": 1311, "end": 1530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I deeply sympathise with your brother's predicament and wish you every success in your campaign however, why MUST EU governments do something as opposed to Eritrea's neighbours or other influential African countries?" } ] }, { "id": "b-f394182da7432b3c588c0ff2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/12/0", "start": 1539, "end": 1558 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Here is the article:" } ] }, { "id": "b-3bf8cd1d1f3b793929c52a55", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/0", "start": 1567, "end": 1914 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "While we cannot be sure that there is a heaven, three weeks ago we received partial confirmation that hell is a reality with a known location. Its address is the infamous Eiraeiro prison in Eritrea, 10 miles north of the capital city Asmara, where 35 high-level political prisoners of the Eritrean regime have been held captive in recent years.\n Fifteen of these prisoners are known to have died, nine are suffering from serious medical problems and the others are enduring brutal prison conditions. One of them is the journalist Dawit Isaak, a Swedish citizen, who was first detained in 2001. He was briefly released in 2005, only to be rearrested again within days. In all of his eight and a half years of detention, he has never been formally charged with a crime. Isaak and nine journalist colleagues were arrested seemingly for nothing more than criticising the lack of press freedom and democratic debate in Eritrea.\n The most recent revelations of a former prison guard who managed to flee to neighbouring Ethiopia in January, and whose information was first reported in Sweden in April, make clear that Isaak and other inmates are kept in horrendous circumstances. They are not allowed any contact with the outside world or with each other. Their cells are brutally hot almost all year round. They are constantly shackled and the only time they leave their cells is to spend one hour per day in a walled courtyard measuring four square meters. The men receive virtually no medical care and many appear to be psychologically broken.\n According to a former guard, who fled because he feared for his own life if the prisoners died, the deprivations suffered by the inmates are \"worse than torture\". Under pressure from critics, the Swedish government has repeatedly refused comment, asserting that it is doing everything it can to rescue Dawit Isaak. The Swedish public, Isaak's family and human rights activists are increasingly concerned, however, that Isaak, who suffers from diabetes, may be lost before help reaches him. Their concerns appear well justified.\n Why, for example, have Swedish officials so far not bothered to interview the escaped prison guard?\n We would like to stress that we do not completely discount the value of silent diplomacy. While we fully appreciate the enormous difficulties and complexities of the case, the question that presents itself most urgently is, what can we all do together to save Isaak before it is too late? Efforts at the EU level, such as seeking the suspension of aid to Eritrea, as well as applying diplomatic pressure on the regime, are vitally important. The EU process is slow and bureaucratic, and the representatives' attention is currently diverted by the spreading global financial crisis.\n We strongly believe that the battle also has to be taken directly to Eritrea. President Isaias Afewerki has to be prevailed upon to accept a credible emissary who negotiates Isaak's release. At the same time, the Eritrean regime's violation of international humanitarian conventions for the treatment of prisoners, such as ensuring adequate food, medical care and other basic rights, needs to be highlighted in the most stringent terms. A Swedish or international medical team – under the auspices of the International Red Cross or an organisation such as Doctors Without Borders – should be placed on 24-hour standby to leave for Eritrea.\n The Eritrean government should be requested every single day to give clearance for such a visit. That would highlight the problem while also underscoring the most necessary action to be taken this very instant. The idea that Afewerki cannot be dealt with, that he is worse than any other dictator, is a fallacy. Sweden and the EU must now send a strong signal. They must officially and publicly demand access to a prisoner who is not only a full Swedish citizen, but also an EU citizen (its only prisoner of conscience). Isaak, tragically, stands as a symbol for the continued suffering of the victims of human rights abuses worldwide. 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unless it's the Palestinians" ] }, { "id": "source-4acc0cea5edf00574364a2c2", "title": "Testomony", "kind": "source-index", "source_id": "4acc0cea5edf00574364a2c2", "anchors": [ "Indifference to suffering - unless it's the Palestinians" ] } ], "metadata": { "author": "Marian Lebor", "byline": "Marian Lebor", "byline_role": "Author", "date": "May 30, 2010", "evidence": [ { "field": "credit", "value": "Marian Lebor", "source_excerpt": "By Marian Lebor May 30, 2010 Of all the troubled peoples in the world, why is it", "original_sha256": "31729943db9f3a9e0fa95d6f4a244d86529f4dd85e2b5ed79fc42c48cd2325d3" }, { "field": "date", "value": "May 30, 2010", "source_excerpt": "By Marian Lebor May 30, 2010 Of all the troubled peoples in the world, why is it a given that", "original_sha256": "31729943db9f3a9e0fa95d6f4a244d86529f4dd85e2b5ed79fc42c48cd2325d3" } ], "catalog_declarations": { "author": null, "date": null } } } ], "alias_ids": [ "8593466fc20a33f8cc31b792" ], "related": [], "pdf": null }, { "id": "doc-897aeee4b720470051d1b6f6", "href": "/testmony-v2/doc-897aeee4b720470051d1b6f6/", "kind": "html", "title": "Weldekel Haile", "original_title": "Weldekel Haile", "title_provenance": { "policy": "ehrea-display-titles-v1", "method": "preserved-source-title" }, "editorial_title": false, "title_review_required": false, "alternate_titles": [ "Weldekel Haile" ], "language": "mixed", "author": null, "byline": "Resoum Kidane", "byline_role": "Compiler", "date": null, "metadata_evidence": [ { "field": "credit", "value": "Resoum Kidane", "source_excerpt": "compiled by Resoum Kidane እዚ ስእሊ'ዚ ስእሊ ናይ ጅግና ወልደሚካኤል ሃይለ /ወዲ ሃይለ/ ኢዩ። ወዲ ሃይለ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ጥራ", "original_sha256": "d585591a63d512ffd4f2e8f05c970afdee08be63cd615cdf6dc150a86487db2d" } ], "text": "compiled by Resoum Kidane እዚ ስእሊ'ዚ ስእሊ ናይ ጅግና ወልደሚካኤል ሃይለ /ወዲ ሃይለ/ ኢዩ። ወዲ ሃይለ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ጥራይ ዘይኮነስ፣ ሓደ ካብቶም ኣብ መስረትቲ ሰልፊ ናጽነት ዝነበሩ ውፉያት ተጋደልቲ ነበረ። ወዲ ሃይለ ኣብ ኲናትን ኣብ ምምሕዳርን ኣዝዩ ወሓለ ተቓላሳይ ከም ዝነበረ ምስኡ ኣብቲ ስራሕ ዝነበሩ ይምስክሩሉ ኢዮም። ኣብቲ ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት /ደሓር ህዝባዊ ግንባር/ ኣብ ደቡባዊ ወገን ኤርትራ ሓያል ኲናት ዘካይደሉ ዝነበረ ግዜ፣ ወዲ ሃይለ ከም ኣዛዚ ሰራዊት ሓያል ተዋጋኣይን ኣዋጋኣይን ነይሩ። ወዲ ሃይለ ታሪኹ ብቑንጫል ክንገር ግቡእ ኣይኮነን! ግን ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ፍትሒ ዘለዎ መንግስቲ ምስ መስረተ፤ ናይ ጅግና ወዲ ሃይለን ካልኦት ብህግደፍ ዝተረስዑ ጀጋኑን ታሪኽ ንወለዶታት ክንገር ኢዩ። ኣብቲ ብ1973 ኣብ ሳሕል ዝነበረ ኣራሚ ምንቅስቓስ፣ ወዲ ሃይለ \"እዞም ሰባት ወተሃደራዊ ዲስፕሊን ኢዮም ተጋግዮም'ምበር ኣዕነውቲ ኣይኮኑን\" ኢሉ ዝመከተ ጅግና ኢዩ ዝነበረ። ካብዚ ሃገራዊ ኣረኣእያኡ ተበጊሱ ኢዩ ከኣ ገበነኛ ኢሳይያስ ኣንጻሩ ዝነኸሰ። ብቢኒኮሎ ኢሳይያስ ወዲ ሃይለ ብዝኾነ ምኽንያት ክጠፍእ ዝነበሮ ሰብ ኢዩ ዝነበረ። ኣብቲ ኣብ ደቡብ ኤርትራ ዝነበረ ወተሃደራዊ ስርሒታት ላዕለዋይ ኣዛዚ ኣቶ መስፍን ሓጎስ ክኸውን እንከሎ፤ ኣብ ትሕቲኡ ከኣ ወዲ ሃይለን ጅግና ኢብራሂም ዓፋን ኢዮም ነይሮም። ኣብ መንጎ መስፍንን ወዲ ሃይለን ብዙሕ ህልኽ ኢዩ ነይሩ። ኣማስይኡ ከኣ ጅግና ወዲ ሃይለ ኣብቲ ንከተማ ሰገነይቲ ንምሕራር ዝተገብረ ውግእ፣ ኣብ ኣጋ መወዳእታ ተሰዊኡ። ጉዳይ ኣሰዋውኣ ጅግና ወልደሚካኤል ሃይለ ብጭቡጥ ንምጽራይ፤ እቲ ስራሕ source Alena] Weldekel Haile was educated in Syria and was the first Jebha to flee, According the account of Tesfamariam Assefaw Woldenkel, Haile did not like Issayas [ Kidana Aida 2004 ]. During the Menka movement in 1973 Woldenkel Haile who was head of the security department said that the Menka ringleaders prisoners did not commit any crime except breaking military discipline rules. He made clear his stand which was completely different from Issayas . Because of this Issayas was not happy and Woldenkel Haile was sent to the Hailitat (front line sometime in 1974 [Afewerki, Tewdros, 2003)[[Interview with Tesfay Temnewo [Part 23]] .. He was the most distinguished military leader and had led the Eritrea People’s Liberation Army to victory at the strategic town of Segeneti in 1977 but was not a member of the central comittee in 1977. He was killed shortly after the victory by an unidentified gunman at Segeneti, his birth place. When this occurred there was a radio message in this code \" Itia Abai Lham Ab Mereta Wediqa\", meaning that the great leader rest on his land\".This is also confirmed from other source መደባትና፡ ነቲ ኪንዮ ጸሊም ራዕዲ ዘሎ ደበና፡ ምቕንጣጥ ኢዩ!!! - 4ይ ክፋ 2008 \"መልእኽቲ ሚስጢር (ኮድ) ኦፕረይትተር ንኩነታት መቕተልቲ ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለ ኣብ ኩናት ምሕራር ሰገነይቲ ንኣብነት፡ “እታ ላም ኣብ ዓደ ኣቦኣ ተሓሪዳ” ኢዩ ዝብል ነይሩ። [Refering to this code Tewelde Kidane wrote Zekeberka Resoum tegebro zeleka gosguas naybehaki zenad iyu iti bgudai jegna w/micael Haile zehabkayo habereta darga kulu haki kebhal yekal bzyada gn neti nay radio zenebere Berhane ajwa zebhal intezehtet tsebuk neru mekniatu nesu kab zebelo weskeblelka neta habereta wey code nay meswati mstekebela n' Ibrahim Afa iyu hibwo kabu Ibrahim afa yekid imber ms zenbaliu eu keydu ms bele Berhane hazinu nseled msweredu Berhane nab E.l .f kebabi maiedaga edu hibu slezi Berhane entezerkeb mehashe. ካብ ብጊሓቱ ርእሰ ምትእምማን ዘይተዓደለ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ፣ ካብ ዝተሰለፈሉ መዓልቲ ቀሲኑ ሓዲሩ ኣይፈልጥን ኢዩ። ግርጭት ምስ ወዲ ዓፋ ካብ ግዜ ሰብዓታት ኢዩ ጀሚሩዎ። ቅድሚ ውድባዊ ጉባአ ነቲ ኣብ መንጎ ኢብራሂም ዓፋን ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለን ዝነበረ ብጻያዊ ሓድነት ንኽበትኽ ብዙሕ ጻዕሪታት ገበረ። ወዲ ሃይለ ወላ’ኳ ኣዛዚ ቦጦሎኒ 4 እንተነበረ፣ ኣባል ሰልፊ ኣይነበረን። ንኹሉ መዓልታዊ ንጥፈታቱን ዝምድንኡን እናተኸታተለ ጸብጻብ ናብ ኢሳይያስ ዘመሓላልፍ ዝነበረ ወተሃደራዊ ሓለፊ ደቡባዊ ግንባር ዝነበረ ድማ ተጋዳላይ መስፍን ሓጎስ ነበረ። ነቲ ገዲምን መስራቲን ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለ ብስም “ደጋፊ መንካዕ ኢዩ” ብዝብል ጠቐነ ካብ ብዙሓት ተጋደልቲ ፈልዩዎ ኢዩ። ወልደንኪኤል ብዛዕባ ጉዳይ መንካዕ ዝነበሮ መርገጺ ንጹር ኢዩ፦ “…መንካዕ ዘቕረብዎ ሕቶ ቅኑዕ ኢዩ፣ እቲ ናቶም ጌጋ ብወተሃደራዊ ዲሲፕሊን ዘይምእዛዞም ጥራይ ኢዩ። ስለዚ ኣብ ክንዲ ቀይዲን ምርሻንን፣ መረዳእታን ነቐፌታን ጥራይ ምኣኸለ” ዝብል ነበረ። ረ።source Alena pt 7 Written by Abede Tesfay 12/11/ 2014 source https://www.facebook.com/abede.tesfay?fref=nf ብዛዕባ ወልደሚካኤል ብዙሕ ዝኽርታት ኣለኒ፣ንሱ ከም መራሒ ቦጦሎኒ4፡ ኣነ ድማ ኣብ ትሕቲኡ ከም ኮሚስያር ሓይልን መራሕ ሓይልን41ኮይነ ሰራሕኩ፡ህዱእን ኣስተውዒሉ ዝዛረብ ቁመቱ ነዊሕ ጉልቡት'ውን ነበረ፡ኣብ ኲናት ብሓባር ማዕረ-ማዕረ ክንሃጅም ጽቡቕ ገይረ ይዝክሮ፡ዋልውን ቅድሚ ቦጦሎኒ4።ካብ ኲናት ምስተመለስና ዓሕ ክብል ይሰምዖ ስለዝነበርኩ፡እዚ ኩሉ ተዓዊትና እናመጻእና ስለምንታይ ዓሕ ትብል ይብሎ ፡ጸገም እንተለካውን ንገረና እቲ ዝግበር ክንገብር ይብሎ ነይረ።ሱቕ ኢልካዩ እንታይ ክትሰምዓሉ ንግዜ ጥራይ ንግደፎ ይብለኒ ነበረ።ምስ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ጽቡቕ ዝምድና ነበሮም፣ዝወፈርዎ ወተሃደራዊ ስራሕ እውን ዕዉት'ዩ ዝነበረ።ኣነ ንባዕለይ ኣብ ጭንቀት ኣትየ።ምኽንያቱ ንወልደንኪኤል ዝኾነ ከውጻኣሉ ዝኽእል ኣበር ስለዘይነበረኒ እዩ እቲ ምኽንያት። ተጻረርቱ ግን እቶም ሽዑ ኣባላት ሚስጢራዊ ሰልፊ ዝነበሩ፡ከም ሓላፊ ናይቲ ደቡባዊ ግምባርን ኣባል ማእከላይ ሽማገለ ዝነበረ መስፍን ሓጎስን፡እቲካላይ ድማ፡ኮምሽነርቦጦሎኒ4 በራኺ ገብረስላሴ ምዃኖም ኣይስሓትኩዎን።ነታ ናቱን ናይ ኢብራሂምን ዝነበረቶም ዝናን ዕዉት ወትሃደራዊ ስርሒታቶምን በቲ ሓደ፡በቲ ካልእ ድማ ወዲ ሃይለ ውዲ እቲ ከባቢ ምንባሩ ዝያዳ ብልጫታት ስለዝነብሮ።ናይዞም ክልተ ህቡባት መራሕቲ ቦጦሎኒታት4&5 ብህዝቢ ስሞም ሰማይ እናዓረገ ስለዝመጸ፡ሓሳድ ኢሰያስን ብልኡኻቱ ውዲታት ካኣልምሉ ኣይደቀሱን።ኣነ ኣብ ወርሒ3-1976 ብኸቢድ ቆሲለ ንሳሕል ወረድኩ። ድሕሪ ምሕዋየይ ኣብ ክፍሊ-ቑጠባ ተመዲበ ስራሕ ጀመርኩ፡ኣይደንጎየትን ቀዳማይ ውድባዊ ጉባኤ ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት መጸት፡ኣነ ድማ እታ ኣሃዶይ መሪጻትኒ ን2ይ ጉባኤ ከድኩ።ኣብቲ ጉባኤ ክልተ ስንኩላን ኣነን ተኽለሃይማኖት ወዲ ሃይለን ነበርና፡ኣነ አብ ብክልተ ምርኩስ ተኽለሃይማኖት ድማ ኣብ ስትረቸር ።ንካብ ኣከለጉዛይን ስሓርትን ዝመጹ ወከልቲ ቦ4ን 5ን ወልደሚካኤል ሃይለ'ኸ ኢለ ሓተትኩዎም፡ኣይመጸን ምስበሉኒ።ሓደ ዝኣምኖ ሰብ ድሕሪ'ቲ መእተዊ ናይቲ ጉባኤ ሓተትኩዎ።በዓል በራኺ መርገጺኻ ብዛዕባ መንካዕ ኣየንጸርካን ኢሎም ስለዝወቖዎ ካብ ምርጫ ተሪፉ ምስ በለኒ፡ዝተሰምዓኒ ጓሂ ንበይኑ'ዩ።ብሕርቃን እታ ካላይቲ መዓልቲ ናይቲ ጉባኤ ኣይሰማዕኩዎን።ኣነ ወዲ ሃይለ ይመጽእ እሞ ኣባል ፖለቲካዊ ቤትጽሕፈት ክኸውን ወይ ክምረጽ ትጽቢት ነይሩኒ።ልዕሊ ወዲ ሃይለ ኣብ ህዝባዊ ግምባር ሰሪሐ ተወፍየ ዝብል ሽሕ ግዜ ሓሳዊ እዩ፡ካብቶም ውሑዳት ንህዝባዊ ግምባር፡ ህዝባዊ ግምባር ዝገበሩዋ ኣብ ቀዳማይ ደረጃ እዩ ዝስራዕ ።ግን ብስርሑን ተወፋይነቱን ተቐባልነቱን ዝቐንኡ ሓሳዳት፡ከምዚ ገይሮም ነጺሎም ኣብ ዘይ ምውዳቑ ኣውደቑዎ።እቲ ኩሉ ምህዞ ድማ ናይ ኢሰያስን መስፉን ሓጎስን እዩ። ወዲ ሃይለ ወትሩ ኣይርስዖን እየ፡እቶም ዝተዋደይሉ ሰባት ክሳብ ሕጂ ይጸልኦም።ኢብራሂም ድማ ድሒሩ ብዘይትፈልጠ ውዲት ንወዲ ሃይለ ስዒቡዎ እዩ።ጽባሕ መዓልቲ ፍርድን ሓቅን ከኣ ገበነኛታት ዝሕተትሉ ይመጽእ እኸውን ኢለ ይሓስብ። ዘለኣለማዊ ዝኽሪ ንጀጋኑ ሰማእታትና። ኣበድ ተስፋይ Written by Abede Tesfay 12/11/ 2014 source https://www.facebook.com/abede.tesfay?fref=nf ቅዳማይ ጉባኤ ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት ካብ ተላዕለ ፡በርሀ ጻዕዳ ድማ ከልዕሎ ደስ'ዩ ዝብለኒ። በርሀ እቲ ፍሉጥ ተባዕ ድሕር ዘይብል የዒንቲ መራሕቲ ርእዩ ደይዛረብ፡ሕማቕ ርእዩ ቅንጣብ ዓቕሊ ዘይብሉ፡ንስብሓት ጎልፎ ኮምሽነሩ ናይ ቦጦሎኒ 3 ስለዝነበረ እንጭዋ ዝብል ሳጓ ኣውጺኡሉ ነበረ።1ይ ውድባዊ ጉባኤ ህዝባዊ ግምባር በርሀ ኣብ ቦጦሎኒ 3 ብዝልዓለ ቁጽሪ እዩ ተዓዊቱ።ተበገስ ንጉባኤ ምስኮንነ ካብ ደቡብ ዝመጹ ወኪላት ኣብ ካርነሽም ወከ-ዛግር ተኣኪቦም ራኣዮም።እዋይ'ዛ ውድብ ክሳብ ክንድዚ'ያ በጺሓ።በርሀ ኣብታ ጉባኤ ምእንቲ ከይሳተፍ ካብታ ቦጦሎኒኡ 3 ኩማንድስ ሒዙ ካብ ካርነሽም ንዒላበርዕድ ገጹ ተሃንፈፈ።ቅድሚ ሕጂ ዝጽንዓ ስርሒት ሓንቲ ላንድሮቨር ካብ ውሽጢ መዓስከር ኩማንድስ ንኸውጻኣ ኣብቲ ከባቢ ቀነየ።ጉባኤ ድማ ጽርግፍ ኣይትብልን።በርሀ ሆየ ኣብ ውሽጢ እቲ መዓስከር ኮማንድስ ወዲቡ ስለዝነበረ፡ኣብ ውሽጢ መዓስከር ምስ ብጾቱ ኣትዩ፡ባዕሉ መሪሑዋ ብሰላም ወጸ። ድሕሪኡ ፡ስለምንታይ ጉባኤ ዘይመጻእካ ተባሂሉ ብመሪሕነት በዓል ኣስመሮም ተሓቲቱ እዩ።ምስ ኮምንድስ ተቛጺረ ከይትፈሽለኒ እታ ስራሕ፡ድሓር ከኣ ንስኻትኩም ተኣኽልዎ ኣነ ዳኣ ደይ ሓደ ተኳሳይ እየ ።እዚኣ ኻኣ መንቀሳቐሲት ውጓኣት ትኾነና።ንስኻትኩም ድማ ትንቀሳቐሱላ ክብል መውጽእ ነብሱ ገበረ።ቅድሚኡ እቲ ናይቲ ሕቡእ ሰልፊ ምድላው ንኣኼባ ክገብሩ፡ኣብ ሩባ ፍልፍል ኣጣል ሓሪዶም ሩዝ ከብስሉ ጸኒሖሞ ብዓል ኢሰያስ፡ሽዑ በቲ ማእከላይ ሕክምና ፍልፍል እዩ መጺኡ።ኣብ ሕክምና ዓደስ መግቢ ጸንሑዎ ምስ ውጓኣት'ዩ ተመሲሑ።ኣብቲ ኣጣል ዝተሓርዳሉ ሩዝ ዝበስለሉ ስንጭሮ ምስ ከደ እዋይ! እዋይ! ክልተ ገድሊ።ጥዑያት ስጋ ይምገቡ ደሞም ዝፈሰሰን ሕሙማትን ድማ ዓደስ።እዝስ ምጾታት'ዩ ነተን ተሰኽቲተን ዝነበራ ስጋን ሩዝን ምስ ሓመድ ሕውስ -ሕውስ ኣቢሉወን።ሽዑ ነቲ ካላሽን ካብ ዝባኑ ዘይፈሊ በርሀ መን'ዩ ሕድግ ዝብሎ።እዛ ክላሽን እዚኣ ንጸላኤ ጥራይ ከምዘይሓዝኩዋ ፍለጡ ኢሉዎም ንብዓል ኢሰያስ ዕዝር ንኸበሳኡ።በርሀ መስዋእቲ ገላጊላቶ እምበር ኣብ መጻወድያ ኤሰያስ ምወደቐ ነይሩ፡ወይ ድማ ኒኢሰያስ መውደቖ፡ኡኖ-ዳድወ'ያ ነይራ።ስሪኡ ንሓዲኣያ ነይራ ንብለኩም እሞ እንታይ ከምዘራየኒ ሎሚ ምሸት ምስቶም ብልቢ ዛኣምኖም ዝነበርኩ ጀጋኑ ዘይክምሁ ተጋደልቲ ኣምስየ ክንደይ እኳ ደስ ኢሉኒ ኣምስዩ።ኣብ ካልእ ዕላል የራኽበና። ኣበድ ተስፋይ ቃለ-መሕተት ምስ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ተኽለብርሃን ተስፋምካኤል (ቅሱን) 11 ክፋል በርሀ ጻዕዳ ነብሰይ ኣይገብረለይን እዩ፤፥ ንዑ ናብ ኩናት እተዉ ክብሎም ኣነ ውን ምስኦም ክኣቱ ኣለኒ፥ እዚ ትብልዎ ዘለኹም መምርሒ ግን ኣብ ካልእ ክትግበር ኣለዎ። ኢልዎም። ስለዚ፥ እቲ፡መስዋእቲ ኣይተርፎምን እዩ ነይሩ። መኽንያቱ ናብቲ ኩናት መሪሖም እዮም ዝኣትዉ። ሕጂ እንታይ እየ ክብለካ ደልየ? እቲ ዝብሃል\" ናይ ወልደምካኤል ሃይለ ግን፥ ካብ ናይ በርሀ ጻዕዳ ተፈልዩ ዝርአ እንታይ ይመስለካ? ወልደምካኤል ሃይለ! ኣብቲ ውድብ፥ ብዓይኒ ሓቂ እንተመጺኻ? ልዕሊ ወልደምካኤል ሃይለ፥ ክውድብ ዝኽእል ዓቕሚ ዝነበሮ ኣይነበረን። ከይደቀሰ ዝሓድር ንስራሕ፥ ውግእ ይመርሕ፥ ህዝቢ ይውድብ፥ ናይ ህዝቢ ኣኼባታት የካይድ፥ መደባት ይሕንጽጽ፥ ወላ ነቲ ናይ ፈዳይን ስርሓት ከማን፥ ብምልኡ ብወልደምካኤል ሃይለ እዩ ዝፍጸም፥ ነይሩ። ኣብቲ መጀመርያ ግዜ። ንድሩዕ ካብ ቤት-ማእሰርቲ ንኸወጽእ፥ ወዲ ሃይለ ወዲብዎ ዝነበረ፥ ኣወዳደባ፥ ትኣይምር እዩ፥ ነይሩ፣፣ ካብ ቤት-ማእሰርቲ ንምውጽኡ ብዝሕ ጽዒሩ ወላ እቲ ኣወዳድብኡ፥ ትኣምር እዩ ነይሩ፥ ግን ኣይሰለጠትን መኽንያቱ እታ መልእኽቲ፥ ናብ ድሩዕ ከይበጽሐት ፌል ስለዝገበረት እንበር፥ እታ መልእኽቲ ተምሓላሊፋ እንተትኸውን ናብ ድሩዕ፥ ንምሉእ ኤርትራዊ መዛረበት ነይራ። ኣብ 1977 ውን ነቲ፥ ነቲ ሰምበል ቤት ማእሰርቲ፥ ምሩኻት ተጋደልቲ' ወጺኦም፥ ብኩናት እዮም ኣውጺኦሞም። ወልደምካኤል ሃይለ እዩ ዝመርሖ ነይሩ፣ ነቲ ስርሒት። ብዘይ ኩናት ንኸውጽዎም እዪ መደብ ነይሩ። ግን ንሳቶም ዘይተጸበይዎ፥ እቲ ከረን ዝተታሕዘትሉ ግዜ፥ ንሓሰ ስለዝነበረ፥ ሰምበል ካኣ ዋላኻ ስለዝኾነ ማይ ሃሪሙ! ውሑጅ ካኣ ስለዝሓለፎ፥ ሰብ ተሸጊራ ኣብ መንገዲ። ናብቲ ቦታ ፍርቂ ለይቲ በጺሖም። ዋርድያታት ካኣ ተቐያይሮም። ገሊኦም ንሕና ክንቅጽል ኢና፥ ኢሎም ነቲ መደብ ጠዋውዮም፥ ዝጸንሑ እንተዘይኮይኖም፥ ዋርድያታት ገሊኦም ተቐያይሮም ጸኒሖሞም። ስለዚ ናይ ግድን እዮም ብቶኽሲ ከውጽእዎም ማለት'ዪ።ብቶኽሲ ጌሮም ኩሎም ኡሱራት ኣውጺኦሞም። ስለዚ ወልደምካኤል ሃይለ ብጣዕሚ ዓቅምን ኣወዳድባን፥ ዝነበሮ ሰብ'ዩ፤፥ ነይሩ። ንምውዳብ ናይ ከተማታት ክሰርሕ፥ ዝኽእል ምውዳብ፥ ናይ ህዝብታት ክሰርሕ ዝኽእል፥ መደባት ሰሪዑ ዓድታት ከዋሃህድ ዝኽእል፥ ረቂቅ ክእለት ዝነበሮ ሰብ'ዩ። ብዓይኒ ሓቂ እንተዳኣ መጺኻ፥ ወልደምካኤል ሃይለን ቢትወደድ ኣብርሃን ከተነጻጽሮም እንከለኻ፥ 1977 ብዙሕ ፍልልይ ነይርዎም እዩ። መኽንያቱ ቢትወደድ ብዙሕ ናይ ኩናት ተመክሮ ኣይነበሮን፥ ምስ ወዲ ሃይለ ከተነጻጽሮ ማለት'ዩ። ናብ ማእከላይ ሽማግለ፥ ብኸመይ ደረጃ ክበጽሕ ይኽእል፥ ክትሪኦ ከለኻ? ብተመክሮን ግድምናን ቀዳምነት ወዲ ሃይለ ክውሃብ ነይርዎ። ግን ወዲ ሃይለ ሓደ ካብቶም ብኢሰያስ፥ ተጠማቲ ስለዝኾነ'ዩ ተሪፉ። እቲ ብዓል ኢሰያስ ዝገብርዎ፥ ውድብ፥ በቲ ሓደ ወገን ኢሰያስ ንውድብን ሃገርን እንዳሃሰየ'ዩ መጺኡ። ክሰርሑ ዝኽእሉ ብዝላዓለ ደረጃ፥ እንድሕር ዘይተሳትፎም ኬንካ! ግን ንዓኣቶም ካኣ ካብዝኾነ ቃልሲ ክዕንቅፎም ስለዘይእል፥ ንኹሉ ናይ ኢሰያስ ተንኮላትን ማሕለኻታትን ፈናጢሶም ይሰርሑ ነይሮም። ሎሚ ተመሊስካ ክትሪኦ ከለኻ? እቲ ኣሰዋውእዎም፥ ነዚ ኩሉ ዝነበረ ምስጢራዊ! ኣካይዳ፥ ተመሊስካ ክትሪኦ ከለኻ? ብዙሕ ነገር ኢኻ ትርኢ። ኣብዚ ደገ ምስ ወጻኻ ካኣ ብዙሕ ኢኻ ትሰምዕ፥ ወላ ሕጂ፣ ናይ ፍሳሃየ ወልደገብርኤል መስዋእትስ፥ ኣብ ደገ ምስወጻኹ ፍሳሃየ፥ ወ/ገብርኤል ተቐቲሉ'ዩ እንበር ብነፋሪት ኣይኮነን ተሰዊኡ ኢሎምኒ። ብዙሕ ኢኻ ትሰምዕ! ግን ነዚ ሕጂ ንሰምዖ ዘለና ካብ ዝተፈላለዩ ኣብቲ ውድብ ዝነበሩ ተጋደልቲ፥ ተታሒዙ፥ ጽባሕ ንግሆ ከነረጋግጾ ይግባእ። እቲ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሓለዋ ሰውራ ተቐንጺሉ' ዝብሃል ግን፥ ከቀንጽል ዝኽእል ገበን ዝፈጸሙ ሰባት ኣይኮኑን ነይሮም። ወላ እቶም የሚን ተባሂሎም ዝተቐትሉ! ብኣውራጃ ተንቀሳቂሶም ኢሎም ዘጥፍእዎም ብቐሊል ኣብ መስመር ክምለሱ ይኽእሉ ነይሮም። ናታቶም መሳርሒ ባዕልኻ ስለዝተጠቀምካሎም፥ እንተዘይኮይኑ! እቶም ነዚ ጉዳይ ሓላፍነት ክስከሙ ዝግብኦም እቶም ንዓኣቶም፥ ብናቶም ግርህናን፥ ድሑር ባህላዊ ደረጃታት፥ ተጠቂሞም፥ ዝቐተልዎም ንሳቶም ክኽሰሱ ይግባእ። ቃለ-መሕተት ምስ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ተኽለብርሃን ተ/ምካኤል (ቅሱን) ብዛዕባ ታሪኻዊ ሰውራ ኤርትራ፥ 9ይ ክፋል Stefanos Temolso ሕጂ ክዝክሮ ከለኹ ሎሚ ኮይኑ ይስምዓኒ። ክንስለፍ ኢልና ናብ ዓላ ምስ ወረድና በጋጣሚ ወዲሃይለ እዩ ጸኒሑና። ቀይሕ፡ ጫሕማም፡ ብመልክዑ ኣዝዩ ኣዝምስጠካ በዓል ግርማ እዩ ነይሩ። ሽዑ ንብጾተይ ወኪለ ክንስለፍ ከም ዝመጻና ሓቢረዮ። ወዲሃይለ ድማ ምስላፍ ክጅመር ስለ ዝኾነ ተኸታተሉሞ ኣብዚታት ቀኒኹም ሽዑ ምጽኡ ኢሉና። ብኸምዚ ኣብ ዓላ እንዳ ጳውሎስ ተስፋዝጊ ኣብ ዝብሃል ገዛ ጸኒሕና። ደሞዝና ሒዝና ስለ ዝወጻእና ንተስፋዝጊ ጳውሎስ መታን ከይነሸግሮ ጤል ዓዲግና ሓሪድና ጥራይ ዘይኮነ ኣብ ስራሕ ቀውዒ'ውን ንሕግዞ ኔርና። ኣብኡ ወርሒ ምስ ጸናሕና እታ ዕለት ምስላፍ ደበኽ ኢላ። ሽዑ መዓልቲ ግን ስለ ዘይፈለጥና ግን ምስ ካልኣየይ ኣብ ጋዴን ውዒልና ምልስ እንተበልና፡ ሓደ ክንስለፍ ምዃንና ዝፈልጥ ወዲዓላ ይርእየናሞ፡ እንታ ኣበይ ኔርኩም? ሃየባ ተጓየዩ ስብ ትስለፍ'ንድያ ዘላ ምስ በለና፡ ካብ ገዛ ጎምሃሎ ዝጐየና ናብ ጀርዲን እንዳቦይ ግራዝማች ጕያ ተተሓሒዝናዮ። ኣብኡ መስፉን ሓጐስ ነቶም ደቂ ከተማ ዝኾኑ ተመሃሮ ኪዱ ርሓቑ እናበለ ክሰጐም ጸኒሑና። ንሕና ከም ንስለፍ ከም ውዱእ ወሲድና እንተቐረብናዮ ግን ከምቶም ካልኦት ኪዱ ርሓቑ ኢሉ ብበትሪ ክቕርስመና ወስ ኢሉ። ከሕጽረልኩም ግን እቶም 500 ዝኣኽሉ ካብ ሰራየን ኣከለጉዛይን ዝተበገሱ ጨጓርዳንጋ ተበገስ ተባሂሎም። ንሕና ብሱዳን ኣቢልና ክንስለፍ ብምሕሳብ ሊባን በጺሕና ኣብ ተሓኤ/ጀብሃ ምስላፍ ደው ኢሉ እዩ ዘሎ፡ ናብ ሱዳን ከኣ ኣይትሓልፉን ኢኹም ስለ ዝበሉና ድኻምና ንከንቱ ኮይኑ ናብ ዓላ ተመሊስና። ድሕሪኡ ምስ ስዉእ ተስፋኡ ዓርከይ ብምኽሪ ናይ ሓደ ወዲ ዓላ ንበይንና ዕደሮሶ፡ በዓረዛ፡ ጋሕተላይ፡ ሽዕብ ጠሒስና ኣብ ማይላባ ኣቲና። ካብኡ ክመልሰና ዝኽእል ሰብ ኣይነበረን። ምስ ገለ ካብ ኣስመራ ዝመጽኡ ኣባላት ዋህዮ ዝነበሩ 30 ዝኾኑ መንእሰያት ተሓዊስና ለይቲ ለይቲ ብምጕዓዝ ድሕሪ ሸውዓተ መዓልታት ፋሕ፡ ንጽባሒቱ ድማ ማህሚመት ኣቲና። source facebook", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "897aeee4b720470051d1b6f6", "source_sha256": "8a68fd456a3d0ff231c06bf1f9608ad3166be6b130fb445ce23b3b59275a3a41", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-6c9909bd47bb2b632e6d03ae", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/0/1/0/5/0", "start": 648, "end": 774 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/3d713ef7ee39b8a0e9df4939a1ab4e8d00edce4b3c842fbf933affb09dd0db77.png", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-90571266efed9bece22b379e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/0/1/0/7/0", "start": 791, "end": 815 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "compiled by Resoum Kidane" } ] }, { "id": "b-2f94bc87d5a82377b8118e60", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/2/1/0/0", "start": 871, "end": 2058 }, "anchors": [ "source-fbPhotoSnowliftCaption" ], "content": [ { "text": "እዚ ስእሊ'ዚ ስእሊ ናይ ጅግና ወልደሚካኤል ሃይለ /ወዲ ሃይለ/ ኢዩ። ወዲ ሃይለ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ጥራይ ዘይኮነስ፣ ሓደ ካብቶም ኣብ መስረትቲ ሰልፊ ናጽነት ዝነበሩ ውፉያት ተጋደልቲ ነበረ። ወዲ ሃይለ ኣብ ኲናትን ኣብ ምምሕዳርን ኣዝዩ ወሓለ ተቓላሳይ ከም ዝነበረ ምስኡ ኣብቲ ስራሕ ዝነበሩ ይምስክሩሉ ኢዮም። ኣብቲ ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት /ደሓር ህዝባዊ ግንባር/ ኣብ ደቡባዊ ወገን ኤርትራ ሓያል ኲናት ዘካይደሉ ዝነበረ ግዜ፣ ወዲ ሃይለ ከም ኣዛዚ ሰራዊት ሓያል ተዋጋኣይን ኣዋጋኣይን ነይሩ። ወዲ ሃይለ ታሪኹ ብቑንጫል ክንገር ግቡእ ኣይኮነን! ግን ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ፍትሒ ዘለዎ መንግስቲ ምስ መስረተ፤ ናይ ጅግና ወዲ ሃይለን ካልኦት ብህግደፍ ዝተረስዑ ጀጋኑን ታሪኽ ንወለዶታት ክንገር ኢዩ። ኣብቲ ብ1973 ኣብ ሳሕል ዝነበረ ኣራሚ ምንቅስቓስ፣ ወዲ ሃይለ \"እዞም ሰባት ወተሃደራዊ ዲስፕሊን ኢዮም ተጋግዮም'ምበር ኣዕነውቲ ኣይኮኑን\" ኢሉ ዝመከተ ጅግና ኢዩ ዝነበረ። ካብዚ ሃገራዊ ኣረኣእያኡ ተበጊሱ ኢዩ ከኣ ገበነኛ ኢሳይያስ ኣንጻሩ ዝነኸሰ። ብቢኒኮሎ ኢሳይያስ ወዲ ሃይለ ብዝኾነ ምኽንያት ክጠፍእ ዝነበሮ ሰብ ኢዩ ዝነበረ። ኣብቲ ኣብ ደቡብ ኤርትራ ዝነበረ ወተሃደራዊ ስርሒታት ላዕለዋይ ኣዛዚ ኣቶ መስፍን ሓጎስ ክኸውን እንከሎ፤ ኣብ ትሕቲኡ ከኣ ወዲ ሃይለን ጅግና ኢብራሂም ዓፋን ኢዮም ነይሮም። ኣብ መንጎ መስፍንን ወዲ ሃይለን ብዙሕ ህልኽ ኢዩ ነይሩ። ኣማስይኡ ከኣ ጅግና ወዲ ሃይለ ኣብቲ ንከተማ ሰገነይቲ ንምሕራር ዝተገብረ ውግእ፣ ኣብ ኣጋ መወዳእታ ተሰዊኡ። ጉዳይ ኣሰዋውኣ ጅግና ወልደሚካኤል ሃይለ ብጭቡጥ ንምጽራይ፤ እቲ ስራሕ source " }, { "text": "Alena", "href": "https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=496173110437871&set=a.146598255395360.38940.100001355607007&type=3&theater" }, { "text": "]" } ] }, { "id": "b-79e30da59138cab874e153bf", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/2/1/2/0", "start": 2075, "end": 2200 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/405ad85e2216a04bec9a9389f3d99cd33369569acc70bdf11a45df6f62ac10db.png", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-a131d2a9762b7e7b625e668e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/2/1/4/1/1/1/0", "start": 2275, "end": 2305 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Weldekel Haile", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " was educated in Syria and was the first Jebha to flee, According the account of Tesfamariam Assefaw Woldenkel, Haile did not like Issayas [ Kidana Aida 2004 ]. During the Menka movement in 1973 Woldenkel Haile who was head of the security department said that the Menka ringleaders prisoners did not commit any crime except breaking military discipline rules. He made clear his stand which was completely different from Issayas . Because of this Issayas was not happy and Woldenkel Haile was sent to the Hailitat (front line sometime in 1974 [Afewerki, Tewdros, 2003)[[" }, { "text": "I", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfeKekjAkQc&feature=plcp" }, { "text": "nterview with Tesfay Temnewo ", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfeKekjAkQc&feature=plcp", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "[Part 23]] ", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vq-G7urhwtg&feature=plcp" }, { "text": " .. He was the most distinguished military leader and had led the Eritrea People’s Liberation Army to victory at the strategic town of Segeneti in 1977 but was not a member of the central comittee in 1977. He was killed shortly after the victory by an unidentified gunman at " }, { "text": "Segeneti,", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fsdfhTFmWHE" }, { "text": " his birth place. When this occurred there was a radio message in this code \" " }, { "text": "Itia Abai Lham Ab Mereta Wediqa", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "\", meaning that the great leader rest on his land\".This is also confirmed from other source " }, { "text": "መደባትና፡ ነቲ ኪንዮ ጸሊም ራዕዲ ዘሎ ደበና፡ ምቕንጣጥ ኢዩ!!! - 4ይ ", "href": "/documents/d01602c8b45a37b1b732eedb/" }, { "text": "ክፋ 2008 \"መልእኽቲ ሚስጢር (ኮድ) ኦፕረይትተር ንኩነታት መቕተልቲ ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለ ኣብ ኩናት ምሕራር ሰገነይቲ ንኣብነት፡ “እታ ላም ኣብ ዓደ ኣቦኣ ተሓሪዳ” ኢዩ ዝብል ነይሩ። [Refering to this code " }, { "text": "Tewelde Kidane", "href": "https://www.facebook.com/tewelde.kidane.754?fref=ufi" }, { "text": " wrote Zekeberka Resoum tegebro zeleka gosguas naybehaki zenad iyu iti bgudai jegna w/micael Haile zehabkayo habereta darga kulu haki kebhal yekal bzyada gn neti " }, { "text": "nay radio zenebere Berhane ajwa zebhal intezehtet tsebuk neru mekniatu nesu kab zebelo weskeblelka neta habereta wey code nay meswati mstekebela n' Ibrahim Afa iyu hibwo kabu Ibrahim afa yekid imber ms zenbaliu eu keydu ms bele Berhane hazinu nseled msweredu Berhane nab E.l .f kebabi maiedaga edu hibu slezi Berhane entezerkeb mehashe.", "marks": [ "underline" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-77c7dee0015288a9e8f0a909", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/2/1/6/1/1/1/0", "start": 5162, "end": 5649 }, "anchors": [ "source-js_1" ], "content": [ { "text": "ካብ ብጊሓቱ ርእሰ ምትእምማን ዘይተዓደለ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ፣ ካብ ዝተሰለፈሉ መዓልቲ ቀሲኑ ሓዲሩ ኣይፈልጥን ኢዩ። ግርጭት ምስ ወዲ ዓፋ ካብ ግዜ ሰብዓታት ኢዩ ጀሚሩዎ። ቅድሚ ውድባዊ ጉባአ ነቲ ኣብ መንጎ ኢብራሂም ዓፋን ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለን ዝነበረ ብጻያዊ ሓድነት ንኽበትኽ ብዙሕ ጻዕሪታት ገበረ። ወዲ ሃይለ ወላ’ኳ ኣዛዚ ቦጦሎኒ 4 እንተነበረ፣ ኣባል ሰልፊ ኣይነበረን። ንኹሉ መዓልታዊ ንጥፈታቱን ዝምድንኡን እናተኸታተለ ጸብጻብ ናብ ኢሳይያስ ዘመሓላልፍ ዝነበረ ወተሃደራዊ ሓለፊ ደቡባዊ ግንባር ዝነበረ ድማ ተጋዳላይ መስፍን ሓጎስ ነበረ። ነቲ ገዲምን መስራቲን ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለ ብስም “ደጋፊ መንካዕ ኢዩ” ብዝብል ጠቐነ ካብ ብዙሓት ተጋደልቲ ፈልዩዎ ኢዩ። ወልደንኪኤል ብዛዕባ ጉዳይ መንካዕ ዝነበሮ መርገጺ ንጹር ኢዩ፦\n “…መንካዕ ዘቕረብዎ ሕቶ ቅኑዕ ኢዩ፣ እቲ ናቶም ጌጋ ብወተሃደራዊ ዲሲፕሊን ዘይምእዛዞም ጥራይ ኢዩ። ስለዚ ኣብ ክንዲ ቀይዲን ምርሻንን፣ መረዳእታን ነቐፌታን ጥራይ ምኣኸለ” ዝብል ነበረ። ረ።" }, { "text": "source Alena pt 7", "href": "/documents/c632c57eaa76e348a9438b7c/" } ] }, { "id": "b-073b921c16888fbc39a97545", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/2/1/8/1/3/0", "start": 6068, "end": 6155 }, "anchors": [ "source-js_9", "source-id_5489fd2320e532612585866" ], "content": [ { "text": "Written by Abede Tesfay 12/11/ 2014 source https://www.facebook.com/abede.tesfay?fref=nf" } ] }, { "id": "b-3ee60f0359b70c2396a171bb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/2/1/8/1/5/0", "start": 6176, "end": 6887 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብዛዕባ ወልደሚካኤል ብዙሕ ዝኽርታት ኣለኒ፣ንሱ ከም መራሒ ቦጦሎኒ4፡ ኣነ ድማ ኣብ ትሕቲኡ ከም ኮሚስያር ሓይልን መራሕ ሓይልን41ኮይነ ሰራሕኩ፡ህዱእን ኣስተውዒሉ ዝዛረብ ቁመቱ ነዊሕ ጉልቡት'ውን ነበረ፡ኣብ ኲናት ብሓባር ማዕረ-ማዕረ ክንሃጅም ጽቡቕ ገይረ ይዝክሮ፡ዋልውን ቅድሚ ቦጦሎኒ4።ካብ ኲናት ምስተመለስና ዓሕ ክብል ይሰምዖ ስለዝነበርኩ፡እዚ ኩሉ ተዓዊትና እናመጻእና ስለምንታይ ዓሕ ትብል ይብሎ ፡ጸገም እንተለካውን ንገረና እቲ ዝግበር ክንገብር ይብሎ ነይረ።ሱቕ ኢልካዩ እንታይ ክትሰምዓሉ ንግዜ ጥራይ ንግደፎ ይብለኒ ነበረ።ምስ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ጽቡቕ ዝምድና ነበሮም፣ዝወፈርዎ ወተሃደራዊ ስራሕ እውን ዕዉት'ዩ ዝነበረ።ኣነ ንባዕለይ ኣብ ጭንቀት ኣትየ።ምኽንያቱ ንወልደንኪኤል ዝኾነ ከውጻኣሉ ዝኽእል ኣበር ስለዘይነበረኒ እዩ እቲ ምኽንያት። ተጻረርቱ ግን እቶም ሽዑ ኣባላት ሚስጢራዊ ሰልፊ ዝነበሩ፡ከም ሓላፊ ናይቲ ደቡባዊ ግምባርን ኣባል ማእከላይ ሽማገለ ዝነበረ መስፍን ሓጎስን፡እቲካላይ ድማ፡ኮምሽነርቦጦሎኒ4 በራኺ ገብረስላሴ ምዃኖም ኣይስሓትኩዎን።ነታ ናቱን ናይ ኢብራሂምን ዝነበረቶም ዝናን ዕዉት ወትሃደራዊ ስርሒታቶምን በቲ ሓደ፡በቲ ካልእ ድማ ወዲ ሃይለ ውዲ እቲ ከባቢ ምንባሩ ዝያዳ\n ብልጫታት ስለዝነብሮ።ናይዞም ክልተ ህቡባት መራሕቲ ቦጦሎኒታት4&5 ብህዝቢ ስሞም ሰማይ እናዓረገ ስለዝመጸ፡ሓሳድ ኢሰያስን ብልኡኻቱ ውዲታት ካኣልምሉ ኣይደቀሱን።ኣነ ኣብ ወርሒ3-1976 ብኸቢድ ቆሲለ ንሳሕል ወረድኩ።\n ድሕሪ ምሕዋየይ ኣብ ክፍሊ-ቑጠባ ተመዲበ ስራሕ ጀመርኩ፡ኣይደንጎየትን ቀዳማይ ውድባዊ ጉባኤ ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት\n መጸት፡ኣነ ድማ እታ ኣሃዶይ መሪጻትኒ ን2ይ ጉባኤ ከድኩ።ኣብቲ ጉባኤ ክልተ ስንኩላን ኣነን ተኽለሃይማኖት ወዲ ሃይለን ነበርና፡ኣነ አብ ብክልተ ምርኩስ ተኽለሃይማኖት ድማ ኣብ ስትረቸር ።ንካብ ኣከለጉዛይን ስሓርትን ዝመጹ ወከልቲ ቦ4ን 5ን ወልደሚካኤል ሃይለ'ኸ ኢለ ሓተትኩዎም፡ኣይመጸን ምስበሉኒ።ሓደ ዝኣምኖ ሰብ ድሕሪ'ቲ መእተዊ ናይቲ ጉባኤ ሓተትኩዎ።በዓል በራኺ መርገጺኻ ብዛዕባ መንካዕ ኣየንጸርካን ኢሎም ስለዝወቖዎ ካብ ምርጫ ተሪፉ ምስ በለኒ፡ዝተሰምዓኒ ጓሂ ንበይኑ'ዩ።ብሕርቃን እታ ካላይቲ መዓልቲ ናይቲ ጉባኤ ኣይሰማዕኩዎን።ኣነ ወዲ ሃይለ ይመጽእ እሞ ኣባል ፖለቲካዊ ቤትጽሕፈት ክኸውን ወይ ክምረጽ ትጽቢት ነይሩኒ።ልዕሊ ወዲ ሃይለ ኣብ ህዝባዊ ግምባር ሰሪሐ ተወፍየ ዝብል ሽሕ ግዜ ሓሳዊ እዩ፡ካብቶም ውሑዳት ንህዝባዊ ግምባር፡ ህዝባዊ ግምባር ዝገበሩዋ ኣብ ቀዳማይ ደረጃ እዩ ዝስራዕ ።ግን ብስርሑን ተወፋይነቱን ተቐባልነቱን ዝቐንኡ ሓሳዳት፡ከምዚ ገይሮም ነጺሎም ኣብ ዘይ ምውዳቑ ኣውደቑዎ።እቲ ኩሉ ምህዞ ድማ ናይ ኢሰያስን መስፉን ሓጎስን እዩ። ወዲ ሃይለ ወትሩ ኣይርስዖን እየ፡እቶም ዝተዋደይሉ ሰባት ክሳብ ሕጂ ይጸልኦም።ኢብራሂም ድማ ድሒሩ ብዘይትፈልጠ ውዲት ንወዲ ሃይለ ስዒቡዎ እዩ።ጽባሕ መዓልቲ ፍርድን ሓቅን ከኣ ገበነኛታት ዝሕተትሉ ይመጽእ እኸውን ኢለ ይሓስብ።\n ዘለኣለማዊ ዝኽሪ ንጀጋኑ ሰማእታትና።\n ኣበድ ተስፋይ" } ] }, { "id": "b-cb5f0d8acd83efb89df4aaf0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/2/1/10/0", "start": 8044, "end": 8131 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Written by Abede Tesfay 12/11/ 2014 source https://www.facebook.com/abede.tesfay?fref=nf" } ] }, { "id": "b-142b7de7f2f376fc45b463ed", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/2/1/12/0", "start": 8146, "end": 8708 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ቅዳማይ ጉባኤ ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት ካብ ተላዕለ ፡በርሀ ጻዕዳ ድማ ከልዕሎ ደስ'ዩ ዝብለኒ። በርሀ እቲ ፍሉጥ ተባዕ ድሕር ዘይብል የዒንቲ መራሕቲ ርእዩ ደይዛረብ፡ሕማቕ ርእዩ ቅንጣብ ዓቕሊ ዘይብሉ፡ንስብሓት ጎልፎ ኮምሽነሩ ናይ ቦጦሎኒ 3 ስለዝነበረ እንጭዋ ዝብል ሳጓ ኣውጺኡሉ ነበረ።1ይ ውድባዊ ጉባኤ ህዝባዊ ግምባር በርሀ ኣብ ቦጦሎኒ 3 ብዝልዓለ ቁጽሪ እዩ ተዓዊቱ።ተበገስ ንጉባኤ ምስኮንነ ካብ ደቡብ ዝመጹ ወኪላት ኣብ ካርነሽም ወከ-ዛግር ተኣኪቦም ራኣዮም።እዋይ'ዛ ውድብ ክሳብ ክንድዚ'ያ በጺሓ።በርሀ ኣብታ ጉባኤ ምእንቲ ከይሳተፍ ካብታ ቦጦሎኒኡ 3 ኩማንድስ ሒዙ ካብ ካርነሽም ንዒላበርዕድ ገጹ ተሃንፈፈ።ቅድሚ ሕጂ ዝጽንዓ ስርሒት ሓንቲ ላንድሮቨር ካብ ውሽጢ መዓስከር ኩማንድስ ንኸውጻኣ ኣብቲ ከባቢ ቀነየ።ጉባኤ ድማ ጽርግፍ ኣይትብልን።በርሀ ሆየ ኣብ ውሽጢ እቲ መዓስከር ኮማንድስ ወዲቡ ስለዝነበረ፡ኣብ ውሽጢ መዓስከር ምስ ብጾቱ ኣትዩ፡ባዕሉ መሪሑዋ ብሰላም ወጸ።\n ድሕሪኡ ፡ስለምንታይ ጉባኤ ዘይመጻእካ ተባሂሉ ብመሪሕነት በዓል ኣስመሮም ተሓቲቱ እዩ።ምስ ኮምንድስ ተቛጺረ ከይትፈሽለኒ እታ ስራሕ፡ድሓር ከኣ ንስኻትኩም ተኣኽልዎ ኣነ ዳኣ ደይ ሓደ ተኳሳይ እየ ።እዚኣ ኻኣ መንቀሳቐሲት ውጓኣት ትኾነና።ንስኻትኩም ድማ ትንቀሳቐሱላ ክብል መውጽእ ነብሱ ገበረ።ቅድሚኡ እቲ ናይቲ ሕቡእ ሰልፊ ምድላው ንኣኼባ\n ክገብሩ፡ኣብ ሩባ ፍልፍል ኣጣል ሓሪዶም ሩዝ ከብስሉ ጸኒሖሞ ብዓል ኢሰያስ፡ሽዑ በቲ ማእከላይ ሕክምና ፍልፍል እዩ መጺኡ።ኣብ ሕክምና ዓደስ መግቢ ጸንሑዎ ምስ ውጓኣት'ዩ ተመሲሑ።ኣብቲ ኣጣል ዝተሓርዳሉ ሩዝ ዝበስለሉ ስንጭሮ ምስ ከደ እዋይ! እዋይ! ክልተ ገድሊ።ጥዑያት ስጋ ይምገቡ ደሞም ዝፈሰሰን ሕሙማትን ድማ ዓደስ።እዝስ ምጾታት'ዩ ነተን ተሰኽቲተን ዝነበራ ስጋን ሩዝን ምስ ሓመድ ሕውስ -ሕውስ ኣቢሉወን።ሽዑ ነቲ ካላሽን ካብ ዝባኑ ዘይፈሊ በርሀ መን'ዩ ሕድግ ዝብሎ።እዛ ክላሽን እዚኣ ንጸላኤ ጥራይ ከምዘይሓዝኩዋ ፍለጡ ኢሉዎም ንብዓል ኢሰያስ ዕዝር ንኸበሳኡ።በርሀ መስዋእቲ ገላጊላቶ እምበር ኣብ መጻወድያ ኤሰያስ ምወደቐ ነይሩ፡ወይ ድማ ኒኢሰያስ መውደቖ፡ኡኖ-ዳድወ'ያ ነይራ።ስሪኡ ንሓዲኣያ ነይራ ንብለኩም እሞ እንታይ ከምዘራየኒ ሎሚ ምሸት ምስቶም ብልቢ ዛኣምኖም ዝነበርኩ ጀጋኑ ዘይክምሁ ተጋደልቲ ኣምስየ ክንደይ እኳ ደስ ኢሉኒ ኣምስዩ።ኣብ ካልእ ዕላል የራኽበና።\n ኣበድ ተስፋይ" } ] }, { "id": "b-b6b95ac29f684bb7cbd4e9f7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/2/1/14/0", "start": 9541, "end": 9582 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ቃለ-መሕተት ምስ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ተኽለብርሃን ተስፋምካኤል (ቅሱን)" } ] }, { "id": "b-0c0c32819b9f9aac51b1c335", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/2/1/16/0", "start": 9597, "end": 9603 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "11 ክፋል" } ] }, { "id": "b-0d5abb4db3fa68add0379191", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/2/1/18/0", "start": 9618, "end": 9819 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "በርሀ ጻዕዳ ነብሰይ ኣይገብረለይን እዩ፤፥ ንዑ ናብ ኩናት እተዉ ክብሎም ኣነ ውን ምስኦም ክኣቱ ኣለኒ፥ እዚ ትብልዎ ዘለኹም መምርሒ ግን ኣብ ካልእ ክትግበር ኣለዎ። ኢልዎም። ስለዚ፥ እቲ፡መስዋእቲ ኣይተርፎምን እዩ ነይሩ። መኽንያቱ ናብቲ ኩናት መሪሖም እዮም ዝኣትዉ። ሕጂ እንታይ እየ ክብለካ ደልየ? እቲ ዝብሃል\"" } ] }, { "id": "b-6d01ce2f3ab9fff0be3cf17a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/2/1/20/1/0", "start": 9848, "end": 10956 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ናይ ወልደምካኤል ሃይለ ግን፥ ካብ ናይ በርሀ ጻዕዳ ተፈልዩ ዝርአ እንታይ ይመስለካ? ወልደምካኤል ሃይለ! ኣብቲ ውድብ፥ ብዓይኒ ሓቂ እንተመጺኻ? ልዕሊ ወልደምካኤል ሃይለ፥ ክውድብ ዝኽእል ዓቕሚ ዝነበሮ ኣይነበረን። ከይደቀሰ ዝሓድር ንስራሕ፥ ውግእ ይመርሕ፥ ህዝቢ ይውድብ፥ ናይ ህዝቢ ኣኼባታት የካይድ፥ መደባት ይሕንጽጽ፥ ወላ ነቲ ናይ ፈዳይን ስርሓት ከማን፥ ብምልኡ ብወልደምካኤል ሃይለ እዩ ዝፍጸም፥ ነይሩ። ኣብቲ መጀመርያ ግዜ። ንድሩዕ ካብ ቤት-ማእሰርቲ ንኸወጽእ፥ ወዲ ሃይለ ወዲብዎ ዝነበረ፥ ኣወዳደባ፥ ትኣይምር እዩ፥ ነይሩ፣፣ ካብ ቤት-ማእሰርቲ ንምውጽኡ ብዝሕ ጽዒሩ ወላ እቲ ኣወዳድብኡ፥ ትኣምር እዩ ነይሩ፥ ግን ኣይሰለጠትን መኽንያቱ እታ መልእኽቲ፥ ናብ ድሩዕ ከይበጽሐት ፌል ስለዝገበረት እንበር፥ እታ መልእኽቲ ተምሓላሊፋ እንተትኸውን ናብ ድሩዕ፥ ንምሉእ ኤርትራዊ መዛረበት ነይራ። ኣብ 1977 ውን ነቲ፥ ነቲ ሰምበል ቤት ማእሰርቲ፥ ምሩኻት ተጋደልቲ' ወጺኦም፥ ብኩናት እዮም ኣውጺኦሞም። ወልደምካኤል ሃይለ እዩ ዝመርሖ ነይሩ፣ ነቲ ስርሒት። ብዘይ ኩናት ንኸውጽዎም እዪ መደብ ነይሩ። ግን ንሳቶም ዘይተጸበይዎ፥ እቲ ከረን ዝተታሕዘትሉ ግዜ፥ ንሓሰ ስለዝነበረ፥ ሰምበል ካኣ ዋላኻ ስለዝኾነ ማይ ሃሪሙ! ውሑጅ ካኣ ስለዝሓለፎ፥ ሰብ ተሸጊራ ኣብ መንገዲ። ናብቲ ቦታ ፍርቂ ለይቲ በጺሖም። ዋርድያታት ካኣ ተቐያይሮም። ገሊኦም ንሕና ክንቅጽል ኢና፥ ኢሎም ነቲ መደብ ጠዋውዮም፥ ዝጸንሑ እንተዘይኮይኖም፥ ዋርድያታት ገሊኦም ተቐያይሮም ጸኒሖሞም። ስለዚ ናይ ግድን እዮም ብቶኽሲ ከውጽእዎም ማለት'ዪ።ብቶኽሲ ጌሮም ኩሎም ኡሱራት ኣውጺኦሞም። ስለዚ ወልደምካኤል ሃይለ ብጣዕሚ ዓቅምን ኣወዳድባን፥ ዝነበሮ ሰብ'ዩ፤፥ ነይሩ። ንምውዳብ ናይ ከተማታት ክሰርሕ፥ ዝኽእል ምውዳብ፥ ናይ ህዝብታት ክሰርሕ ዝኽእል፥ መደባት ሰሪዑ ዓድታት ከዋሃህድ ዝኽእል፥ ረቂቅ ክእለት ዝነበሮ ሰብ'ዩ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-b36a58bc8b0f30c6d4088244", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/2/1/20/3/0", "start": 10973, "end": 11755 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብዓይኒ ሓቂ እንተዳኣ መጺኻ፥ ወልደምካኤል ሃይለን ቢትወደድ ኣብርሃን ከተነጻጽሮም እንከለኻ፥ 1977 ብዙሕ ፍልልይ ነይርዎም እዩ። መኽንያቱ ቢትወደድ ብዙሕ ናይ ኩናት ተመክሮ ኣይነበሮን፥ ምስ ወዲ ሃይለ ከተነጻጽሮ ማለት'ዩ። ናብ ማእከላይ ሽማግለ፥ ብኸመይ ደረጃ ክበጽሕ ይኽእል፥ ክትሪኦ ከለኻ? ብተመክሮን ግድምናን ቀዳምነት ወዲ ሃይለ ክውሃብ ነይርዎ። ግን ወዲ ሃይለ ሓደ ካብቶም ብኢሰያስ፥ ተጠማቲ ስለዝኾነ'ዩ ተሪፉ። እቲ ብዓል ኢሰያስ ዝገብርዎ፥ ውድብ፥ በቲ ሓደ ወገን ኢሰያስ ንውድብን ሃገርን እንዳሃሰየ'ዩ መጺኡ። ክሰርሑ ዝኽእሉ ብዝላዓለ ደረጃ፥ እንድሕር ዘይተሳትፎም ኬንካ! ግን ንዓኣቶም ካኣ ካብዝኾነ ቃልሲ ክዕንቅፎም ስለዘይእል፥ ንኹሉ ናይ ኢሰያስ ተንኮላትን ማሕለኻታትን ፈናጢሶም ይሰርሑ ነይሮም። ሎሚ ተመሊስካ ክትሪኦ ከለኻ? እቲ ኣሰዋውእዎም፥ ነዚ ኩሉ ዝነበረ ምስጢራዊ! ኣካይዳ፥ ተመሊስካ ክትሪኦ ከለኻ? ብዙሕ ነገር ኢኻ ትርኢ። ኣብዚ ደገ ምስ ወጻኻ ካኣ ብዙሕ ኢኻ ትሰምዕ፥ ወላ ሕጂ፣ ናይ ፍሳሃየ ወልደገብርኤል መስዋእትስ፥ ኣብ ደገ ምስወጻኹ ፍሳሃየ፥ ወ/ገብርኤል ተቐቲሉ'ዩ እንበር ብነፋሪት ኣይኮነን ተሰዊኡ ኢሎምኒ። ብዙሕ ኢኻ ትሰምዕ! ግን ነዚ ሕጂ ንሰምዖ ዘለና ካብ ዝተፈላለዩ ኣብቲ ውድብ ዝነበሩ ተጋደልቲ፥ ተታሒዙ፥ ጽባሕ ንግሆ ከነረጋግጾ ይግባእ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-602b0433e4db7f3a8d60501f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/2/1/20/5/0", "start": 11772, "end": 12062 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እቲ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሓለዋ ሰውራ ተቐንጺሉ' ዝብሃል ግን፥ ከቀንጽል ዝኽእል ገበን ዝፈጸሙ ሰባት ኣይኮኑን ነይሮም። ወላ እቶም የሚን ተባሂሎም ዝተቐትሉ! ብኣውራጃ ተንቀሳቂሶም ኢሎም ዘጥፍእዎም ብቐሊል ኣብ መስመር ክምለሱ ይኽእሉ ነይሮም። ናታቶም መሳርሒ ባዕልኻ ስለዝተጠቀምካሎም፥ እንተዘይኮይኑ! እቶም ነዚ ጉዳይ ሓላፍነት ክስከሙ ዝግብኦም እቶም ንዓኣቶም፥ ብናቶም ግርህናን፥ ድሑር ባህላዊ ደረጃታት፥ ተጠቂሞም፥ ዝቐተልዎም ንሳቶም ክኽሰሱ ይግባእ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-736d8596fd837dee19682f1d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/2/1/20/7/0", "start": 12079, "end": 12119 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ቃለ-መሕተት ምስ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ተኽለብርሃን ተ/ምካኤል (ቅሱን)\n ብዛዕባ ታሪኻዊ ሰውራ ኤርትራ፥" } ] }, { "id": "b-6c690ae4cada7b0225b26641", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/2/1/20/9/0", "start": 12161, "end": 12167 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "9ይ ክፋል" } ] }, { "id": "b-c1cbe25d31522017e4e26e92", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/2/1/20/11/0", "start": 12184, "end": 12200 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Stefanos Temolso\n ሕጂ ክዝክሮ ከለኹ ሎሚ ኮይኑ ይስምዓኒ። ክንስለፍ ኢልና ናብ ዓላ ምስ ወረድና በጋጣሚ ወዲሃይለ እዩ ጸኒሑና። ቀይሕ፡ ጫሕማም፡ ብመልክዑ ኣዝዩ ኣዝምስጠካ በዓል ግርማ እዩ ነይሩ። ሽዑ ንብጾተይ ወኪለ ክንስለፍ ከም ዝመጻና ሓቢረዮ። ወዲሃይለ ድማ ምስላፍ ክጅመር ስለ ዝኾነ ተኸታተሉሞ ኣብዚታት ቀኒኹም ሽዑ ምጽኡ ኢሉና። ብኸምዚ ኣብ ዓላ እንዳ ጳውሎስ ተስፋዝጊ ኣብ ዝብሃል ገዛ ጸኒሕና። ደሞዝና ሒዝና ስለ ዝወጻእና ንተስፋዝጊ ጳውሎስ መታን ከይነሸግሮ ጤል ዓዲግና ሓሪድና ጥራይ ዘይኮነ ኣብ ስራሕ ቀውዒ'ውን ንሕግዞ ኔርና። ኣብኡ ወርሒ ምስ ጸናሕና እታ ዕለት ምስላፍ ደበኽ ኢላ። ሽዑ መዓልቲ ግን ስለ ዘይፈለጥና ግን ምስ ካልኣየይ ኣብ ጋዴን ውዒልና ምልስ እንተበልና፡ ሓደ ክንስለፍ ምዃንና ዝፈልጥ ወዲዓላ ይርእየናሞ፡ እንታ ኣበይ ኔርኩም? ሃየባ ተጓየዩ ስብ ትስለፍ'ንድያ ዘላ ምስ በለና፡ ካብ ገዛ ጎምሃሎ ዝጐየና ናብ ጀርዲን እንዳቦይ ግራዝማች ጕያ ተተሓሒዝናዮ። ኣብኡ መስፉን ሓጐስ ነቶም ደቂ ከተማ ዝኾኑ ተመሃሮ ኪዱ ርሓቑ እናበለ ክሰጐም ጸኒሑና። ንሕና ከም ንስለፍ ከም ውዱእ ወሲድና እንተቐረብናዮ ግን ከምቶም ካልኦት ኪዱ ርሓቑ ኢሉ ብበትሪ ክቕርስመና ወስ ኢሉ። ከሕጽረልኩም ግን እቶም 500 ዝኣኽሉ ካብ ሰራየን ኣከለጉዛይን ዝተበገሱ ጨጓርዳንጋ ተበገስ ተባሂሎም። ንሕና ብሱዳን ኣቢልና ክንስለፍ ብምሕሳብ ሊባን በጺሕና ኣብ ተሓኤ/ጀብሃ ምስላፍ ደው ኢሉ እዩ ዘሎ፡ ናብ ሱዳን ከኣ ኣይትሓልፉን ኢኹም ስለ ዝበሉና ድኻምና ንከንቱ ኮይኑ ናብ ዓላ ተመሊስና። ድሕሪኡ ምስ ስዉእ ተስፋኡ ዓርከይ ብምኽሪ ናይ ሓደ ወዲ ዓላ ንበይንና ዕደሮሶ፡ 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"From Malta to torture and death: Chilling documentary interviews ‘ex-Malta’ deportees", "original_title": "maltin.htm", "method": "editorial-source-evidence", "confidence": "high", "review_required": false, "editorial_note": "Source heading transcribed verbatim; no translation or metadata rewrite.", "source_sha256": "973d7a28af30fe0803bbb3c35af74e62144fe73be6bc24c40f31ea9b6f641023", "evidence": [ { "kind": "catalog-text", "quote": "From Malta to torture and death: Chilling documentary interviews ‘ex-Malta’ deportees" } ] }, "editorial_title": true, "title_review_required": false, "alternate_titles": [ "maltin.htm", "From Malta to torture and death: Chilling documentary interviews ‘ex-Malta’ deportees" ], "language": "en", "author": "David Lindsay", "byline": "David Lindsay", "byline_role": "Author", "date": "Sunday, 17 December 2006", "metadata_evidence": [ { "field": "credit", "value": "David Lindsay", "source_excerpt": "Chilling documentary interviews Written by David Lindsay Sunday, 17 December 2006 From Malta to torture and death: Chilli", "original_sha256": "973d7a28af30fe0803bbb3c35af74e62144fe73be6bc24c40f31ea9b6f641023" }, { "field": "date", "value": "Sunday, 17 December 2006", "source_excerpt": "Chilling documentary interviews Written by David Lindsay Sunday, 17 December 2006 From Malta to torture and death: Chilling documentary interviews", "original_sha256": "973d7a28af30fe0803bbb3c35af74e62144fe73be6bc24c40f31ea9b6f641023" } ], "text": "Chilling documentary interviews Written by David Lindsay Sunday, 17 December 2006 From Malta to torture and death: Chilling documentary interviews ‘ex-Malta’ deportees Four years after Malta controversially repatriated 223 Eritrean irregular migrants, the country is still haunted by that decision, and the subsequent fate of the deportees. A chilling documentary, released by Human Rights Concern – Eritrea and recently screened at Amnesty International’s UK Human Rights Centre, chronicles the story of six Eritreans after they were repatriated from Malta in 2002. Through a series of interviews the documentary recounts the detention, torture and death of those to whom it refers as “ex- Malta deportees” after they were returned to Eritrea, despite warnings and appeals from Eritrea’s opposition party and human rights organisations. In Eritrea: Voices of Torture, Habtom Teclab and Semir Mohamed Gaid, and four others interviewed on condition of anonymity for fear of reprisals, relate how and why they escaped from their forced army conscription and wound up in detention in Malta in 2002. Despite protests, in September and October 2002 the government took the now well-documented decision to begin repatriating over 220 Eritreans in what many at the time considered a violation of the UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment. Upon arrival in Eritrea, Habtom Teclab recalls: “We saw so many Eritrean troops with their guns when we came down the stairs from the plane. One by one, the troops took us to the waiting buses.” The repatriated migrants were taken to Adi Abeto prison, where the cold cement floor of a cell served as both bed and toilet, and where they were routinely tortured as part of a “ruthless campaign of interrogation”. An anonymous ex-Malta deportee recalls: “I was handcuffed with a chain that could be tightened, restricting blood flow, causing my hands to swell as I was being beaten.” The interviewees say the group from the plane were systematically beaten and subjected to various forms of inhuman treatment. Teclab and a group of others attempted to escape but were discovered, returned to camp and “beaten mercilessly”. After two months of sustained torture, the group were taken in the back of trucks to a waiting ship that set off for an unknown destination. So desperate was their plight, an interviewee describes how one tortured ex-Malta deportee, Walta Haile, flung himself overboard with bound hands in a suicide attempt, only to be caught in the ship’s propeller and suffer severe cuts to his face. The destination was the infamous Dahlak Kebir Island prison, where the interviewees recount daily beatings and exposure to the elements in 45-50 degree conditions, with no more to drink than contaminated water from a nearby refinery. Teclab and a group of others attempted yet another escape. “Things were getting worse, and we knew we were going to die anyway, so we decided it was better to die trying to escape than wait here painfully. We also knew death was inevitable if we were caught.” He recounts: “We were beaten mercilessly when they first caught us, with everything the soldiers found at hand. Some soldiers urged others to kill us but they said ‘don’t kill them – if they die, they won’t suffer enough’.” Teclab describes how he was beaten until he vomited blood, and was left tied and exposed to the elements in the so-called suspended helicopter position for 55 days and nights – until his hands turned blue and his skin changed colour and peeled off. Against all the odds, Teclab survived this ordeal. He was transferred to another prison camp in September 2003 and, after several escape attempts, he was finally successful. Others were not so lucky. An anonymous interviewee was shot while fleeing and his untreated wounds have left one leg three inches shorter than the other. Others were shot dead. Through the efforts of the UNHCR and Amnesty International, Teclab and 35 others were eventually resettled in Canada, while other ex-Malta deportees were resettled in Sweden, Denmark, Holland, Australia and the UK. Claims that, in deporting the Eritreans in 2002, Malta had violated the UN convention – in that the deportees were likely to be tortured on return – and Amnesty International guidelines, went before the Maltese courts. But a magisterial inquiry cleared the government and the police. Nevertheless, Gaid reiterates the claims of forcible deportation. He describes how one night, while sleeping at about one or two in the morning, some 300 Maltese soldiers came to repatriate 150 Eritreans, armed with “sprays, sticks and guns”. He also claims they were “forcibly handcuffed and beaten”. “We tried to tell them that we had escaped from being killed and that they were sending us back to certain death.” A streamed version of the video can be viewed at: http://cs.asmarino.com/?itemid=100 source: http://www.alenalki.net/content/view/353/1/", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "8b0d05b9b58794647e566887", "source_sha256": "4a67a462b1ff34e06405cc969371d1af26de9955d5e6c7991646d7ce1ab28bc1", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-4eb5d7b2df300a44e7015c51", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/0", "start": 3, "end": 34 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Chilling documentary interviews \n Written by David Lindsay \n Sunday, 17 December 2006" } ] }, { "id": "b-e96918e3529605232f976c25", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/0", "start": 109, "end": 217 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "From Malta to torture and death: Chilling documentary interviews ‘ex-Malta’ deportees\n Four years after Malta controversially repatriated 223 Eritrean irregular migrants, the country is still haunted by that decision, and the subsequent fate of the deportees." } ] }, { "id": "b-a420c905988a51bb7b468419", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/0", "start": 413, "end": 417 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "A chilling documentary, released by Human Rights Concern – Eritrea and recently screened at Amnesty International’s UK Human Rights Centre, chronicles the story of six Eritreans after they were repatriated from Malta in 2002." } ] }, { "id": "b-640677b199abaa2ac9cfc683", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/6/0", "start": 660, "end": 938 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Through a series of interviews the documentary recounts the detention, torture and death of those to whom it refers as “ex- Malta deportees” after they were returned to Eritrea, despite warnings and appeals from Eritrea’s opposition party and human rights organisations." } ] }, { "id": "b-f2ade838e5858b5f1b95448b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/8/0", "start": 947, "end": 1212 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In Eritrea: Voices of Torture, Habtom Teclab and Semir Mohamed Gaid, and four others interviewed on condition of anonymity for fear of reprisals, relate how and why they escaped from their forced army conscription and wound up in detention in Malta in 2002." } ] }, { "id": "b-becb85caaf56252f14d454a1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/10/0", "start": 1221, "end": 1518 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Despite protests, in September and October 2002 the government took the now well-documented decision to begin repatriating over 220 Eritreans in what many at the time considered a violation of the UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment." } ] }, { "id": "b-22eada3308850942cf6fdad3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/12/0", "start": 1527, "end": 1726 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Upon arrival in Eritrea, Habtom Teclab recalls: “We saw so many Eritrean troops with their guns when we came down the stairs from the plane. One by one, the troops took us to the waiting buses.”" } ] }, { "id": "b-0f81b32676674a584b370236", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/0", "start": 1735, "end": 1955 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The repatriated migrants were taken to Adi Abeto prison, where the cold cement floor of a cell served as both bed and toilet, and where they were routinely tortured as part of a “ruthless campaign of interrogation”." } ] }, { "id": "b-d65d9a0e1aa6e597133240da", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/16/0", "start": 1964, "end": 2138 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "An anonymous ex-Malta deportee recalls: “I was handcuffed with a chain that could be tightened, restricting blood flow, causing my hands to swell as I was being beaten.”" } ] }, { "id": "b-4c4ec246a3f1f362fe545f47", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/18/0", "start": 2147, "end": 2393 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The interviewees say the group from the plane were systematically beaten and subjected to various forms of inhuman treatment. Teclab and a group of others attempted to escape but were discovered, returned to camp and “beaten mercilessly”." } ] }, { "id": "b-8887f2bc5dddf31b292add2e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/20/0", "start": 2402, "end": 2803 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "After two months of sustained torture, the group were taken in the back of trucks to a waiting ship that set off for an unknown destination. So desperate was their plight, an interviewee describes how one tortured ex-Malta deportee, Walta Haile, flung himself overboard with bound hands in a suicide attempt, only to be caught in the ship’s propeller and suffer severe cuts to his face." } ] }, { "id": "b-380b87fb3d18c8cf81cb12f9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/22/0", "start": 2812, "end": 3050 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The destination was the infamous Dahlak Kebir Island prison, where the interviewees recount daily beatings and exposure to the elements in 45-50 degree conditions, with no more to drink than contaminated water from a nearby refinery." } ] }, { "id": "b-f2ced2354c809b68d2580e07", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/24/0", "start": 3059, "end": 3326 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Teclab and a group of others attempted yet another escape. “Things were getting worse, and we knew we were going to die anyway, so we decided it was better to die trying to escape than wait here painfully. We also knew death was inevitable if we were caught.”" } ] }, { "id": "b-4dafa680aed4e4123b892d54", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/26/0", "start": 3335, "end": 3566 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He recounts: “We were beaten mercilessly when they first caught us, with everything the soldiers found at hand. Some soldiers urged others to kill us but they said ‘don’t kill them – if they die, they won’t suffer enough’.”" } ] }, { "id": "b-0fbdfff5d7bbe9cef78c1991", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/28/0", "start": 3575, "end": 3832 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Teclab describes how he was beaten until he vomited blood, and was left tied and exposed to the elements in the so-called suspended helicopter position for 55 days and nights – until his hands turned blue and his skin changed colour and peeled off." } ] }, { "id": "b-00de0fe5e20cc34511f024e6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/30/0", "start": 3841, "end": 4019 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Against all the odds, Teclab survived this ordeal. 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Tekhlegherghis", "original_title": "TESTIMONY: Tewelde W. Tekhlegherghis", "title_provenance": { "policy": "ehrea-display-titles-v1", "method": "preserved-source-title" }, "editorial_title": false, "title_review_required": false, "alternate_titles": [ "TESTIMONY: Tewelde W. Tekhlegherghis" ], "language": "en", "author": null, "byline": "Awate Eritrean Human Rights Advocacy Group (EHRAG)", "byline_role": "Source byline", "date": "Jun 17, 2004, 04:16 PST", "metadata_evidence": [ { "field": "credit", "value": "Awate Eritrean Human Rights Advocacy Group (EHRAG)", "source_excerpt": "TESTIMONY: Tewelde W. Tekhlegherghis By Awate Eritrean Human Rights Advocacy Group (EHRAG) Jun 17, 2004, 04:16 PST \"He warned me not mention what happened ", "original_sha256": "9dac278459dcd806b92caab00d8fb288f3a89425e454c1a042adaea472406e84" }, { "field": "date", "value": "Jun 17, 2004, 04:16 PST", "source_excerpt": "legherghis By Awate Eritrean Human Rights Advocacy Group (EHRAG) Jun 17, 2004, 04:16 PST \"He warned me not mention what happened to anyone.\" This is the ", "original_sha256": "9dac278459dcd806b92caab00d8fb288f3a89425e454c1a042adaea472406e84" } ], "text": "TESTIMONY: Tewelde W. Tekhlegherghis By Awate Eritrean Human Rights Advocacy Group (EHRAG) Jun 17, 2004, 04:16 PST \"He warned me not mention what happened to anyone.\" This is the story of a man who took a leave from his job in the USA to visit Eritrea for his nephew’s wedding and spent more than half of his allotted time in jail. His alleged crime? Attending meetings of the Eritrean opposition in the United States. Name: Tewelde Weldehiwet Tekhleghrgis Place of Birth: Bet Gabriel, Adi Khwala, Enda Azmatch Uqbit Nationality: US citizen of Eritrean Ancestry Marital Status: Married. A father of a 19 month child. Residence: Dallas, Texas, USA This was my third visit to Eritrea. My first visit was shortly after independence; at the time the government was announcing the names of the martyrs of the liberation struggle. I lost two brothers in the war of independence, and I was there to console my family during our period of mourning. My second visit was in 2001 and I was there to seek out traditional medicine for my wife. I stayed there for four months. I was disappointed with the way the country was being governed, particularly the lack of justice and fairness. When I returned to the United States, I shared my disappointment with some people. Some of them must have reported this to the Eritrean authorities—because they were waiting for me when I visited for the third time. On March 25, 2004, I arrived in Eritrea on a 22-day leave from my work in the USA. I was there to attend the wedding of the only son of my martyred older brother, Tekhle Weldehiwet. The wedding was important to me because I was keeping a promise that I had made to my nephew that whenever he decided to get married, I would be present at his wedding. Because he grew up without a father, I had helped to raise him like my own son. At the wedding, I was to have the role traditionally held by the father. JUST FOLLOWING ORDERS Three days before Dagmay Tensae, when we were preparing the “Arki Helefot,” [part of traditional pre-wedding ceremony] three plainclothes security officers arrived at the house and asked a group of people, who were with me, for “menqesaqesi wereqet” [a moving permit; ID.] I showed the men my passport and told them that I was a US citizen. I told them that the passport with a visa that I got from here [USA] is the only ID that I had. They told me that they were taking me to the police station. When I asked why, they told me that they didn't know the reason and were obeying orders. They were just ordered to take me to the police station. They ordered me to drive the car to the station and explained that they would ride with me. Since the car I was driving belonged to my in-laws, I asked them if we could walk to the station, which was about a block away. They ordered me to drive the car. Upon arrival, they locked the car and put handcuffs on my wrists. Then they called a certain Wedi Hagos, who was in charge of the station, and reported that they had brought me. He approached me and started asking questions: name, place of birth and many other personal details. I told him that I was born there and went to school until grade five, after which I left for Addis Ababa and, later, for the USA. Then I was asked what brought me there [to Eritrea]. I told them that I had come to attend a wedding. He seemed not believe me and asked me to tell him the truth. I said that I was telling him the truth. When I asked him what the problem was, he told me that he doesn’t know anything and can’t tell me anything. He said that he received two radio messages ordering him to arrest me. “PERMISSION TO SHOOT THE MARTYR’S SON” I pleaded with him and begged him to let me be present at my nephew’s wedding and that I was willing to leave my passport with him. I begged him to let me attend the wedding that I came all the way for. I begged to be released on bail or bond until the wedding was concluded. I pleaded on behalf of my martyred brother’s son for whose wedding I had come. His insensitive reply was: “No, no, no. Don’t try to blackmail us by ‘martyrs, martyr’s son, etc.’ If need be, we have permission to even shoot the martyr’s son right here.” I was shocked. I said, “if you say so, I didn’t know that you were like that.” But they are like that, and I should have known. In my first visit to Eritrea in 1991, I had tried to locate my nephew all over. I finally found him in Adi Neamen. I asked him why didn’t he ask to get a reprieve since he is a son of a martyr. He replied that they don’t care. And that is when I had begun pressuring him to get married and made him a promise to be there. Wedi Hagos repeatedly asked me to tell him everything and I said that I could only repeat what I told him. He then left me and went to his office. Outside, family members were pleading with him to let me go and I don’t know what went on there. At about 5:30 PM, a guard carrying a Klashnikov [AK-47], came and pushed me to the car and sat beside me. I was handcuffed. Then, Wedi Hagos carefully put his sunglasses and sat behind the wheel of my in-laws’ car. I was sitting in the middle with the guard sitting on the passenger side. Wedi Hagos drove us to the Mendefera police station. Throughout the way, I begged him to help me be released just so I can attend the wedding. Once in Mendefera, he entered an office and came after a while. He told me that he asked the chief to release me for the wedding and that the chief refused and that I was a prisoner. He told me that I would be kept there for interrogation through the night and, if I was innocent, I would be released the next day to attend the wedding. He then told the guard to take me to the cell. I asked him whether the car was impounded because it was not my car and should be returned to its owners. He called one of the guards, Wedi Khefela, and instructed him to take me to make a phone call to inform the owners of the car to come and take their car but that I was a prisoner and should be kept in jail. Then Wedi Khefela stripped me of my belongings, belt, wallet and everything and pushed me into the cell and no one came to see me or to tell me why I was arrested. Nobody came to interrogate me during the night, as I had been led to believe. And the guard forgot about me and didn’t come to take me to make a phone call. CALL TO AMERICAN EMBASSY The next day, at about 9:30, the guard showed up with another prisoner. I took the opportunity to ask him if he had forgotten about me since he was told to let me make a phone call. He replied that he had forgotten all about it and took me out in handcuffs to the telephone center to make a call. When I reached there, the guard found someone he knew and was busy exchanging greetings. I took the opportunity to make a call to the US Embassy in Asmara. (* see notes below.) I gave the Consul my details; he asked me if I wanted him to inform my wife back in the USA. Just after I finished talking to the embassy, the guard overheard me; he came rushing and snatched the phone from my hands and hang up the phone. I asked why he did that; he responded that he had heard me speak in English: I was only supposed to call my in-laws to tell them to come and take the car. I said that I didn’t tell them where the car is. He allowed me to make another call to my in-laws and I made the call. My in laws came and took the car. I was left in jail for five days and no official came to say anything to me. After five days, a guard informed me that officials from the USA embassy had been to the station asking about me. Whenever I saw a guard, I would ask them why I was jailed and they would tell me enda Tseteta [the security] are the ones who ordered my arrest and that they don’t know anything. OPPOSITION T-SHIRT Then, a middle aged, bespectacled man, whose name I don’t know, came and asked me if I knew why I was jailed. I said that I didn’t. He then asked me who informed the embassy about me being in jail. He threatened me saying that now that your family informed the embassy, your release will be elongated and you will not be able to attend the wedding. I said that the wedding is over and my flight is on Sunday and I need to know why I am there. He told me that they [the government] know that, in the USA, I participate in meetings of the opposition and that I talk badly about the government and that I wear opposition T-shirt. That I insult and beat their members and that I contribute money to them (opposition.) I told him that this is not true. He claimed to have a video proof of my activities in the USA. I challenged him to show me the video. He then said that I go to meetings. I replied by saying that I do go to meetings to find out what is happening in Eritrea and to see the views of different people but I never offended anyone and I don’t know of enemies that I might have. He told me that he has “videos” as a proof and if I don’t accept the accusation, I will be faced with the videos. He left me there for five more days. Then he came back and took me to a shade under a tree and asked me the same questions and claimed he had the same evidence. He then took me to someone who he said was the chief of security of the Debub Zone [Southern Province.] The man lectured me at length about martyrdom and about serving one’s country, continuously reminding me that he was handicapped fighting for his country and hectoring me about why I shouldn’t be struggling for the good of my country. I mentioned that I have lost two of my brothers and I struggle to help raise the son of one of my brothers left behind and that I consider this struggling for one’s country. He didn’t seem to understand. Finally, he told me that they have interrogated me enough and couldn’t find any proof therefore I was free to leave. CLOSE THE DOOR BEHIND YOU I was angry and I said how do you tell me to go just like that? Why was I jailed in the first place? I am a human being, not sheep. I mentioned to him that the government, in its radio and mass media, raises slogans calling on people to take care of the children of martyrs and when I do that, I am jailed and was not even able to be present at the wedding of my martyred brother’s son! He told me to stop trying to blackmail him by invoking the martyrs. He started to threaten me by mentioning video proofs and then he said that they only owe me my passport and he dropped my passport in the table and told me to go. I insisted to face my accuser or be taken to court. He said that he was busy and had to go to a meeting. He told me that if I decided to leave, I should close the door behind me. He stood up and started to head for the door. He told me “ close the door behind you when you leave” and left. I did just that: I closed the door and went out. I had no other choice and I went out. I followed him and asked him to give me a letter to the airlines stating that I was delayed by the security and that I was now free so that I will be able to change my flight reservation. He said that he could only write a letter if the airlines refused to change my reservation. I returned the second day and asked him to write me the letter because the airlines refused to change my reservation. He gave me a letter stating that I was detained and was kept because my issue was not resolved and that it is now resolved and that they recommend that I get assistance in the matter. When I went to the airlines, I had to pay $230 extra to validate my ticket and get a reservation. YOU ARE WANTED On my departure day, all the family came to the airport to bid me goodbye. I went through the check-in, weighed my luggage, and was waiting at the lounge to board my flight when three plainclothes men arrived and told me that I was wanted. I asked what the reason was and they wouldn’t say. They just led me to an office. There, I met a man who introduced himself as Eyob, “merah ganta’ [platoon leader] who took me through another interrogation, beginning with my name… Eyob informed me that he had orders to stop me from flying out of the country. He also told me that he was not ordered to arrest me but to stop me from the flight only. It was 1:30 AM. I informed them that I was already detained and released. But it was to no avail. I also showed him the letter that had been written to explain why I missed my original flight. He told me that he was ordered to stop me from flying out and was not told to arrest me. He ordered me to go and unload my luggage. We went to the airplane and unloaded the luggage. Now that I was at the airport, and my plane had left, I asked him what I was supposed to do. He told me that they have my telephone number and that I should go home and wait for a telephone call for instructions. It was 1:30 in the morning. I didn’t have any cash on me and there were no taxis or buses because everybody had left since there were no more incoming or outgoing flights. The airport staff who witnessed all were sorry but couldn’t do anything except to offer me a ride to the city when their service bus arrived at 2:30 AM. I took a ride with the airport bus. MEETING THE COMMISSIONER The next day, the chief of the airport security, a certain Colonel Zecarias, called and asked me why I was stopped from boarding my plane. I said, “I don’t know.” Colonel Zecarias said that the airport security who stopped me from boarding the plane were told to pass specific information to me but “tSemamat eyom” [they are idiots.] The specific information, he said, is that it is Commissioner Tesfamariam Tekheste aka, Wedi Bashai, [commissioner of the Eritrean Diaspora Affairs] who send the order to stop me from boarding the plane. He told me that I would not be able to leave without his permission and that I should go to meet him. I asked Colonel Zecarias where and when I could meet Wedi Bashai. He said he didn’t have specific address and that I should look for him. “Ask around and find him,” he told me. After a long search, I found Wedi Bashai’s office. I dropped my passport at the gate and entered to see him. He confirmed that it is he who prevented me from flying out and that I should be careful. He warned me not mention what happened to anyone. He threatened that if I said something, he will know. He kept saying the eyes of the government are “kndi Ayni Arat” [as many as the holes in a mattress netting] and “our whips reach far places.” He said that he brought me to warn me against any activities of informing others about what had happened to me. I was angry. I said, “I had to pay money to validate my ticket. I had to be jailed and delayed for no reason. And you brought me here just to warn me? Why didn’t you tell me what you are telling me over the phone?” He said, “This is our country, all of us. And you are enjoying it because it is your country.” He kept talking about unrelated topics. He pointed to his clothes and told me that it was not bought with his salary; he couldn’t afford it with his salary. It was thanks to presents and gifts from friends and brothers. He talked about how they work without pay. He kept boasting of how he left Germany to come to Eritrea to struggle and that he was a wounded veteran. He pointed to his hand and kept showing me that he is a handicapped. He kept me in his office for five hours to argue and talk about his clothes, his salary, his income and other issues. He talked about things like that for five hours. I was threatened, lectured and belittled and humiliated by Wedi Bashai for five hours. Finally, Wedi Bashai told me that I was free to leave. [Tewelde is now back in the USA and safe with his child and wife. As a US citizen, he has presented his case to the FBI. The FBI may not have any jurisdiction over sovereign states; but it certainly has an obligation to investigate vigilante Eritrean individuals and groups in the United States who are conspiring in punishing Americans of Eritrean origin for practicing their constitutionally-protected right to free association and freedom of expression in the United States.] Footnotes: According to Tewelde, the US Councilor in Asmara acted immediately upon receiving the news: embassy staff were in Medefera within two hours. The police station allegedly told the embassy staff that Tewelde was an Eritrean citizen and they were not obliged to tell them anything. Wedi Abay, who is in charge of Eritrea’s Department of Immigration confirmed to the embassy that they are unaware of any accusations against Tewelde. The embassy officials met with Abraha Kassa (Chief of National Security) who denied he knew anything about Tewelde and, after promising to follow up, didn’t come back with any information. He avoided further calls from the embassy by claiming that he was too busy or in a meeting. Efforts to reach the president’s office were also unsuccessful.", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "8e62a82bf67adebc25c58f3b", "source_sha256": "1fd20b7d4c574dd0d04d2f1e349286dcce19e2b7333c9236f2cc2eadbf414f8d", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-c75115ea3d39e5ec91587b19", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/11/1/1/1/0", "start": 5828, "end": 5883 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "TESTIMONY: Tewelde W. Tekhlegherghis \nBy Awate Eritrean Human Rights Advocacy Group (EHRAG) \nJun 17, 2004, 04:16 PST" } ] }, { "id": "b-6085cb2244cce56e0f2fb299", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/13/0", "start": 6443, "end": 6539 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"He warned me not mention what happened to anyone.\"", "marks": [ "underline" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-2621c422bc328cf57a68c230", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/17/0", "start": 6622, "end": 6992 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "This is the story of a man who took a leave from his job in the USA to visit Eritrea for his nephew’s wedding and spent more than half of his allotted time in jail. His alleged crime? Attending meetings of the Eritrean opposition in the United States.", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-ab199230f4ad3434a0e8db55", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/24/0", "start": 7097, "end": 7231 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Name: Tewelde Weldehiwet Tekhleghrgis" } ] }, { "id": "b-b54489a79edc42963a3e0ef2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/26/0", "start": 7252, "end": 7385 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Place of Birth: Bet Gabriel, Adi Khwala, Enda Azmatch Uqbit" } ] }, { "id": "b-8bf64ed34714c0f483e1bd42", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/28/0", "start": 7406, "end": 7514 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Nationality: US citizen of Eritrean Ancestry" } ] }, { "id": "b-ea6de42de393c798fb954a61", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/30/0", "start": 7535, "end": 7676 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Marital Status: Married. A father of a 19 month child." } ] }, { "id": "b-5baa700f96a1788881f4d904", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/32/0", "start": 7697, "end": 7791 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Residence: Dallas, Texas, USA" } ] }, { "id": "b-4798c72015c1599561b141a2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/42/0", "start": 7945, "end": 8005 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "This was my third visit to Eritrea." } ] }, { "id": "b-55ef996fccf73cfaf76430b1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/46/0", "start": 8060, "end": 8409 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "My first visit was shortly after independence; at the time the government was announcing the names of the martyrs of the liberation struggle. I lost two brothers in the war of independence, and I was there to console my family during our period of mourning." } ] }, { "id": "b-b7d47688165c2349fd6e2cb1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/50/0", "start": 8464, "end": 9083 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "My second visit was in 2001 and I was there to seek out traditional medicine for my wife. I stayed there for four months. I was disappointed with the way the country was being governed, particularly the lack of justice and fairness. When I returned to the United States, I shared my disappointment with some people. Some of them must have reported this to the Eritrean authorities—because they were waiting for me when I visited for the third time." } ] }, { "id": "b-2e5c5af78c34c8668c54aab0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/54/0", "start": 9138, "end": 9150 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On March 25, 2004, I arrived in Eritrea on a 22-day leave from my work in the USA. I was there to attend the wedding of the only son of my martyred older brother, " }, { "text": "Tekhle Weldehiwet", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": ". The wedding was important to me because I was keeping a promise that I had made to my nephew that whenever he decided to get married, I would be present at his wedding. Because he grew up without a father, I had helped to raise him like my own son. At the wedding, I was to have the role traditionally held by the father." } ] }, { "id": "b-e412ae773cb25567f566a897", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/58/0", "start": 9910, "end": 9963 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "JUST FOLLOWING ORDERS", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-17a251658ca5029d6359ab84", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/62/0", "start": 10018, "end": 10909 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Three days before " }, { "text": "Dagmay Tensae", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": ", when we were preparing the “" }, { "text": "Arki Helefot,", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": "” [part of traditional pre-wedding ceremony] three plainclothes security officers arrived at the house and asked a group of people, who were with me, for " }, { "text": "“menqesaqesi wereqet”", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": " [a moving permit; ID.] I showed the men my passport and told them that I was a US citizen. I told them that the passport with a visa that I got from here [USA] is the only ID that I had. They told me that they were taking me to the police station. When I asked why, they told me that they didn't know the reason and were obeying orders. They were just ordered to take me to the police station." } ] }, { "id": "b-0f6be6864280b044d7ba9793", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/66/0", "start": 10964, "end": 11554 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "They ordered me to drive the car to the station and explained that they would ride with me. Since the car I was driving belonged to my in-laws, I asked them if we could walk to the station, which was about a block away. They ordered me to drive the car. Upon arrival, they locked the car and put handcuffs on my wrists. Then they called a certain " }, { "text": "Wedi Hagos", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": ", who was in charge of the station, and reported that they had brought me." } ] }, { "id": "b-48bf60612b5c044ce0fe5e9a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/70/0", "start": 11609, "end": 12391 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He approached me and started asking questions: name, place of birth and many other personal details. I told him that I was born there and went to school until grade five, after which I left for Addis Ababa and, later, for the USA. Then I was asked what brought me there [to Eritrea]. I told them that I had come to attend a wedding. He seemed not believe me and asked me to tell him the truth. I said that I was telling him the truth. When I asked him what the problem was, he told me that he doesn’t know anything and can’t tell me anything. He said that he received two radio messages ordering him to arrest me." } ] }, { "id": "b-32767c30119c5c0a709e8ca3", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/74", "start": 12443, "end": 12502 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "“PERMISSION TO SHOOT THE MARTYR’S SON”" } ] }, { "id": "b-7420549a1a1c5b45adda0c9d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/78/0", "start": 12553, "end": 13253 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I pleaded with him and begged him to let me be present at my nephew’s wedding and that I was willing to leave my passport with him. I begged him to let me attend the wedding that I came all the way for. I begged to be released on bail or bond until the wedding was concluded. I pleaded on behalf of my martyred brother’s son for whose wedding I had come. His insensitive reply was: “No, no, no. Don’t try to blackmail us by ‘martyrs, martyr’s son, etc.’ If need be, we have permission to even shoot the martyr’s son right here.”" } ] }, { "id": "b-74eed9cf4d7bc25c53cb3d13", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/82/0", "start": 13308, "end": 14012 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I was shocked. I said, “if you say so, I didn’t know that you were like that.” But they are like that, and I should have known. In my first visit to Eritrea in 1991, I had tried to locate my nephew all over. I finally found him in " }, { "text": "Adi Neamen", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": ". I asked him why didn’t he ask to get a reprieve since he is a son of a martyr. He replied that they don’t care. And that is when I had begun pressuring him to get married and made him a promise to be there." } ] }, { "id": "b-e77064013f5d99572eb878d2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/86/0", "start": 14067, "end": 14116 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Wedi Hagos", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": " repeatedly asked me to tell him everything and I said that I could only repeat what I told him. He then left me and went to his office. Outside, family members were pleading with him to let me go and I don’t know what went on there." } ] }, { "id": "b-e9e268678844b75db5a4db2c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/90/0", "start": 14497, "end": 15072 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "At about 5:30 PM, a guard carrying a Klashnikov [AK-47], came and pushed me to the car and sat beside me. I was handcuffed. Then, Wedi Hagos carefully put his sunglasses and sat behind the wheel of my in-laws’ car. I was sitting in the middle with the guard sitting on the passenger side. Wedi Hagos drove us to the " }, { "text": "Mendefera", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": " police station. Throughout the way, I begged him to help me be released just so I can attend the wedding." } ] }, { "id": "b-3c861ae5c2d5bd14a6659b0f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/94/0", "start": 15127, "end": 15139 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Once in Mendefera, he entered an office and came after a while. He told me that he asked the chief to release me for the wedding and that the chief refused and that I was a prisoner. He told me that I would be kept there for interrogation through the night and, if I was innocent, I would be released the next day to attend the wedding. He then told the guard to take me to the cell." } ] }, { "id": "b-67b3e63e6fc96f915a24016f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/98/0", "start": 15670, "end": 16459 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I asked him whether the car was impounded because it was not my car and should be returned to its owners. He called one of the guards, " }, { "text": "Wedi Khefela", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": ", and instructed him to take me to make a phone call to inform the owners of the car to come and take their car but that I was a prisoner and should be kept in jail. Then Wedi Khefela stripped me of my belongings, belt, wallet and everything and pushed me into the cell and no one came to see me or to tell me why I was arrested. Nobody came to interrogate me during the night, as I had been led to believe. And the guard forgot about me and didn’t come to take me to make a phone call." } ] }, { "id": "b-dbf00f9ead649e611f218651", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/102", "start": 16511, "end": 16556 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "CALL TO AMERICAN EMBASSY" } ] }, { "id": "b-2d08bca886bedf64e8fcb6f6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/106/0", "start": 16607, "end": 17909 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The next day, at about 9:30, the guard showed up with another prisoner. I took the opportunity to ask him if he had forgotten about me since he was told to let me make a phone call. He replied that he had forgotten all about it and took me out in handcuffs to the telephone center to make a call. When I reached there, the guard found someone he knew and was busy exchanging greetings. I took the opportunity to make a call to the US Embassy in Asmara. " }, { "text": "(* see notes below.)", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " I gave the Consul my details; he asked me if I wanted him to inform my wife back in the USA. Just after I finished talking to the embassy, the guard overheard me; he came rushing and snatched the phone from my hands and hang up the phone. I asked why he did that; he responded that he had heard me speak in English: I was only supposed to call my in-laws to tell them to come and take the car. I said that I didn’t tell them where the car is. He allowed me to make another call to my in-laws and I made the call. My in laws came and took the car." } ] }, { "id": "b-6eb3f05937377e5dd23072d1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/110/0", "start": 17964, "end": 18219 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I was left in jail for five days and no official came to say anything to me. After five days, a guard informed me that officials from the USA embassy had been to the station asking about me." } ] }, { "id": "b-536e01411d903e6c15655009", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/114/0", "start": 18274, "end": 18531 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Whenever I saw a guard, I would ask them why I was jailed and they would tell me " }, { "text": "enda Tseteta", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": " [the security] are the ones who ordered my arrest and that they don’t know anything." } ] }, { "id": "b-8b06dc0086fb00554aa28208", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/118", "start": 18583, "end": 18622 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "OPPOSITION T-SHIRT" } ] }, { "id": "b-a8e4170f2909e1bffcdfdc26", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/122/0", "start": 18673, "end": 19218 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Then, a middle aged, bespectacled man, whose name I don’t know, came and asked me if I knew why I was jailed. I said that I didn’t. He then asked me who informed the embassy about me being in jail. He threatened me saying that now that your family informed the embassy, your release will be elongated and you will not be able to attend the wedding. I said that the wedding is over and my flight is on Sunday and I need to know why I am there." } ] }, { "id": "b-75189ec2fb85e69b450b9871", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/126/0", "start": 19273, "end": 20072 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He told me that they [the government] know that, in the USA, I participate in meetings of the opposition and that I talk badly about the government and that I wear opposition T-shirt. That I insult and beat their members and that I contribute money to them (opposition.) I told him that this is not true. He claimed to have a video proof of my activities in the USA. I challenged him to show me the video. He then said that I go to meetings. I replied by saying that I do go to meetings to find out what is happening in Eritrea and to see the views of different people but I never offended anyone and I don’t know of enemies that I might have." } ] }, { "id": "b-1a4903edd4278853ee6d5b5c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/130/0", "start": 20127, "end": 20279 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He told me that he has “videos” as a proof and if I don’t accept the accusation, I will be faced with the videos." } ] }, { "id": "b-f5cb51dbddda3c168b0cddfc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/134/0", "start": 20334, "end": 20991 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He left me there for five more days. Then he came back and took me to a shade under a tree and asked me the same questions and claimed he had the same evidence. He then took me to someone who he said was the chief of security of the " }, { "text": "Debub Zone", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": " [Southern Province.] The man lectured me at length about martyrdom and about serving one’s country, continuously reminding me that he was handicapped fighting for his country and hectoring me about why I shouldn’t be struggling for the good of my country." } ] }, { "id": "b-86250cf8280612141b14b30b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/138/0", "start": 21046, "end": 21313 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I mentioned that I have lost two of my brothers and I struggle to help raise the son of one of my brothers left behind and that I consider this struggling for one’s country. He didn’t seem to understand." } ] }, { "id": "b-9c5c132365d414826c57c231", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/142/0", "start": 21368, "end": 21523 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Finally, he told me that they have interrogated me enough and couldn’t find any proof therefore I was free to leave." } ] }, { "id": "b-6ef93573d184dae81054900f", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/146", "start": 21575, "end": 21621 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "CLOSE THE DOOR BEHIND YOU" } ] }, { "id": "b-90a964727f5b998ae98270be", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/150/0", "start": 21672, "end": 22242 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I was angry and I said how do you tell me to go just like that? Why was I jailed in the first place? I am a human being, not sheep. I mentioned to him that the government, in its radio and mass media, raises slogans calling on people to take care of the children of martyrs and when I do that, I am jailed and was not even able to be present at the wedding of my martyred brother’s son! He told me to stop trying to blackmail him by invoking the martyrs." } ] }, { "id": "b-dd5de228cb4cd6acee21fbad", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/154/0", "start": 22297, "end": 22511 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He started to threaten me by mentioning video proofs and then he said that they only owe me my passport and he dropped my passport in the table and told me to go." } ] }, { "id": "b-2ae439db9615a3a472a16e05", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/158/0", "start": 22566, "end": 22796 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I insisted to face my accuser or be taken to court. He said that he was busy and had to go to a meeting. He told me that if I decided to leave, I should close the door behind me." } ] }, { "id": "b-d0b5eb242b68c302cd4fef1f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/162/0", "start": 22851, "end": 23112 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He stood up and started to head for the door. He told me “ close the door behind you when you leave” and left. I did just that: I closed the door and went out. I had no other choice and I went out." } ] }, { "id": "b-f37727df94ae1c34e933b077", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/166/0", "start": 23167, "end": 23524 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I followed him and asked him to give me a letter to the airlines stating that I was delayed by the security and that I was now free so that I will be able to change my flight reservation. He said that he could only write a letter if the airlines refused to change my reservation." } ] }, { "id": "b-c3b9463b8784e706fe7c65eb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/170/0", "start": 23579, "end": 23957 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I returned the second day and asked him to write me the letter because the airlines refused to change my reservation. He gave me a letter stating that I was detained and was kept because my issue was not resolved and that it is now resolved and that they recommend that I get assistance in the matter." } ] }, { "id": "b-af50a33b9863ebe06192ce4c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/174/0", "start": 24012, "end": 24148 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "When I went to the airlines, I had to pay $230 extra to validate my ticket and get a reservation." } ] }, { "id": "b-9360a7e1b3dc92520ae1b6b7", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/178", "start": 24200, "end": 24235 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "YOU ARE WANTED" } ] }, { "id": "b-95c75cf5c2b47124f5d3a3f3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/182/0", "start": 24286, "end": 24887 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On my departure day, all the family came to the airport to bid me goodbye. I went through the check-in, weighed my luggage, and was waiting at the lounge to board my flight when three plainclothes men arrived and told me that I was wanted. I asked what the reason was and they wouldn’t say. They just led me to an office. There, I met a man who introduced himself as " }, { "text": "Eyob", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": ", “merah ganta’ [platoon leader] who took me through another interrogation, beginning with my name…" } ] }, { "id": "b-289e4e5fc3b64858d2991ce7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/186/0", "start": 24942, "end": 25642 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Eyob informed me that he had orders to stop me from flying out of the country. He also told me that he was not ordered to arrest me but to stop me from the flight only. It was 1:30 AM. I informed them that I was already detained and released. But it was to no avail. I also showed him the letter that had been written to explain why I missed my original flight. He told me that he was ordered to stop me from flying out and was not told to arrest me. He ordered me to go and unload my luggage. We went to the airplane and unloaded the luggage." } ] }, { "id": "b-16f233bc28e64b1cc7fa8afa", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/190/0", "start": 25697, "end": 25828 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Now that I was at the airport, and my plane had left, I asked him what I was supposed to do." } ] }, { "id": "b-ecfba6068c805d08b96409db", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/194/0", "start": 25883, "end": 26508 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He told me that they have my telephone number and that I should go home and wait for a telephone call for instructions. It was 1:30 in the morning. I didn’t have any cash on me and there were no taxis or buses because everybody had left since there were no more incoming or outgoing flights. The airport staff who witnessed all were sorry but couldn’t do anything except to offer me a ride to the city when their service bus arrived at 2:30 AM. I took a ride with the airport bus." } ] }, { "id": "b-4cec9b4153c29797c07a2dcb", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/198", "start": 26560, "end": 26605 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "MEETING THE COMMISSIONER" } ] }, { "id": "b-91dd92830a5059f32ae5636f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/202/0", "start": 26656, "end": 27571 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The next day, the chief of the airport security, a certain " }, { "text": "Colonel Zecarias", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": ", called and asked me why I was stopped from boarding my plane. I said, “I don’t know.” Colonel Zecarias said that the airport security who stopped me from boarding the plane were told to pass specific information to me but " }, { "text": "“tSemamat eyom”", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": " [they are idiots.] The specific information, he said, is that it is " }, { "text": "Commissioner Tesfamariam Tekheste aka, Wedi Bashai", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": ", [commissioner of the Eritrean Diaspora Affairs] who send the order to stop me from boarding the plane. He told me that I would not be able to leave without his permission and that I should go to meet him." } ] }, { "id": "b-8a2c76ea5671a49222b89014", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/206/0", "start": 27626, "end": 27716 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I asked Colonel Zecarias where and when I could meet Wedi Bashai." } ] }, { "id": "b-522a1d926e0a7e71197546f9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/210/0", "start": 27771, "end": 27946 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He said he didn’t have specific address and that I should look for him. “Ask around and find him,” he told me." } ] }, { "id": "b-718fd0743163adc6edbaf6ff", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/214/0", "start": 28001, "end": 28701 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "After a long search, I found Wedi Bashai’s office. I dropped my passport at the gate and entered to see him. He confirmed that it is he who prevented me from flying out and that I should be careful. He warned me not mention what happened to anyone. He threatened that if I said something, he will know. He kept saying the eyes of the government are " }, { "text": "“kndi Ayni Arat” ", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": "[as many as the holes in a mattress netting] and “our whips reach far places.” He said that he brought me to warn me against any activities of informing others about what had happened to me." } ] }, { "id": "b-eaf6237743abc678e9d2838e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/218/0", "start": 28756, "end": 29088 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I was angry. I said, “I had to pay money to validate my ticket. I had to be jailed and delayed for no reason. And you brought me here just to warn me? Why didn’t you tell me what you are telling me over the phone?”" } ] }, { "id": "b-2e0ed1e0ac3e9e4997c1526f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/222/0", "start": 29143, "end": 29832 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He said, “This is our country, all of us. And you are enjoying it because it is your country.” He kept talking about unrelated topics. He pointed to his clothes and told me that it was not bought with his salary; he couldn’t afford it with his salary. It was thanks to presents and gifts from friends and brothers. He talked about how they work without pay. He kept boasting of how he left Germany to come to Eritrea to struggle and that he was a wounded veteran. He pointed to his hand and kept showing me that he is a handicapped." } ] }, { "id": "b-d58576d94d8a20751a79c349", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/226/0", "start": 29887, "end": 30286 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He kept me in his office for five hours to argue and talk about his clothes, his salary, his income and other issues. He talked about things like that for five hours. I was threatened, lectured and belittled and humiliated by Wedi Bashai for five hours. Finally, Wedi Bashai told me that I was free to leave." } ] }, { "id": "b-fb8eedd5d1b7f6a39060d122", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/230/0", "start": 30341, "end": 30971 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "[Tewelde is now back in the USA and safe with his child and wife. As a US citizen, he has presented his case to the FBI. The FBI may not have any jurisdiction over sovereign states; but it certainly has an obligation to investigate vigilante Eritrean individuals and groups in the United States who are conspiring in punishing Americans of Eritrean origin for practicing their constitutionally-protected right to free association and freedom of expression in the United States.]", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-a7ff5c8e56ff6b1fd3495fc7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/238/0", "start": 31091, "end": 31120 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Footnotes:", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-b78f41a9cbec3d19de4a6cf8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/242/0", "start": 31175, "end": 32225 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "According to Tewelde, the US Councilor in Asmara acted immediately upon receiving the news: embassy staff were in Medefera within two hours. The police station allegedly told the embassy staff that Tewelde was an Eritrean citizen and they were not obliged to tell them anything. " }, { "text": "Wedi Abay", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": ", who is in charge of Eritrea’s Department of Immigration confirmed to the embassy that they are unaware of any accusations against Tewelde. The embassy officials met with " }, { "text": "Abraha Kassa", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": " (Chief of National Security) who denied he knew anything about Tewelde and, after promising to follow up, didn’t come back with any information. He avoided further calls from the embassy by claiming that he was too busy or in a meeting. 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Tekhlegherghis By Awate Eritrean Human Rights Advocacy Group (EHRAG) Jun 17, 2004, 04:16 PST \"He warned me not mention what happened ", "original_sha256": "9dac278459dcd806b92caab00d8fb288f3a89425e454c1a042adaea472406e84" }, { "field": "date", "value": "Jun 17, 2004, 04:16 PST", "source_excerpt": "legherghis By Awate Eritrean Human Rights Advocacy Group (EHRAG) Jun 17, 2004, 04:16 PST \"He warned me not mention what happened to anyone.\" This is the ", "original_sha256": "9dac278459dcd806b92caab00d8fb288f3a89425e454c1a042adaea472406e84" } ], "catalog_declarations": { "author": null, "date": null } } } ], "alias_ids": [ "8e62a82bf67adebc25c58f3b" ], "related": [], "pdf": null }, { "id": "doc-92100ace55f708bd209479f1", "href": "/testmony-v2/doc-92100ace55f708bd209479f1/", "kind": "html", "title": "The mysterious death \n of Abraham Tewelde", "original_title": "The mysterious death \n of Abraham Tewelde", "title_provenance": { "policy": "ehrea-display-titles-v1", "method": "preserved-source-title" }, "editorial_title": false, "title_review_required": false, "alternate_titles": [ "The mysterious death \n of Abraham Tewelde" ], "language": "mixed", "author": null, "byline": "Resoum Kidane", "byline_role": "Compiler", "date": null, "metadata_evidence": [ { "field": "credit", "value": "Resoum Kidane", "source_excerpt": "lde in May 1970 which is still secret for most of us. Compiled byResoum Kidane Abrahm Tewelde went to hide in Ala region in the highlands proba", "original_sha256": "3f370e3d65f142392bc40c66339b75bc29a14e289480dd6a84677dce6e57724c" } ], "text": "Brief information on the mysterious death of Abraham Tewelde in May 1970 which is still secret for most of us. Compiled byResoum Kidane Abrahm Tewelde went to hide in Ala region in the highlands probably in September 1969. He was the leader of the Ala group. This did not have any intention to split from the ELF. Abraham Tewelde who was the leader wished to resolve the problems with (Kiada al-Ama) through in dialogue not by splitting. However, after Mesfin Hagos joined the Ala group in March 1970 and Issayas on 27 April 1970, the PLF II or Selfi Natzinet was founded at a meeting at Ala by Issays. This was just after the death of Abraham Tewelde on 17 May1970 which is still secret to most of us. According to some sources Abraham was poisoned in suspicious circumstance, this was well documented by Human Rights Watch, (1991: 42p) ; by Erlich( Eritrea in the Western Media p.97 1988) Erlich states that one of Issayas' main rivals in the rebel movement was found poisoned to death in 1970; and by Alem Tesfay, 2004 Furthermore Alem Tesfay 2003 explained the cause which led to the death of Abrha Tweldo in the following words: After Issays came back from the meeting he held with the members of CIA members to Ala he decided to split from the ELF. Because of this there was an argument with Abraham Tewelde who was not in favour of spliting from the ELF. After one month of argument between them Abraham Tewelde die suddenly. After his death, Issayass succeeded to the leadership of the group and the group then took steps to split from the ELF [Ammar, Woldeysus 2004) ELF . To pretend from the above accusation Issayas named his first son Abraham. Read more ኣብርሃም ተወልዯ Crime committed and collaborated by the EPLF Leaders ሓጺር ትንተና\"ቃለ-መሐትት መስፍን ሓጎስ\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ቃለ-መሕተት ኣቦና መስፍን ሓጎስ ኣብ ሰነድ-ቲቪ ምስ Antonio Tesfay ብዛዕባ ዶ/ር ኣብርሃም ተወልደ ብውዲት ቶንኮል ኢሰያስ ከም ዝሞተ ሙሉእ ብሙሉእ ክምስክር ከም ዝጽገም ብቐሊል ክትርድኦ ትኽእል።ንሕና ውን መስፍን ሓጎስ ዶ/ር ኣብርሃም ተወልደ ብተንኮል ኢሰያስ'ዩ ሞይቱ ክትብል ኣይንጽበን ኢና።ከም መስፍን ሕሉፍ ኣሉታዊ ታሪኽ ኣዝዩ ብ'ጥንቃቐ ካብ ዝሕዙ ሓደ ኣቦ'ዩ።ኣይተኻእለን እንበር ብሓፈሻ ኣሉታዊ ታሪኽኩም ከም ዘለዎ ክወጽእ ዝሓሸ ውጽኢት ክህልዎ ምኽኣለ። መስፍን ሓጎስ ምስ ካሕሳይ ገ/ሂወት ኣመሓደአቲ ዞባ ደቡብ ኮይኖም ብህዝቢ ዞባ ደቡብ ጽቡቕ ተቐባልነት ዝረኸቡን ዝተፈተዉ ከም ዝኾኑ ዝበዝሕ ነባሪ ደቡብ ዝብሎ'ዩ።እቲ ረዚንን ለባምን ጥበበኛን ህዝቢ ዝነብረሉ ዞባ ደቡብ (ኣከለ-ስራየን) ጽቡቕ ተቐባልነት ክትረክብ ምኽኣል ምልክት ሓያልነቶም'ዩ።ስለ ዝኾነ ኢሰያስ ህዝቢ ዞባ ደቡብ(ሰራየ-ኣከለ) ጽቡቕ ርክብ ዝፈጥር መራሒ ቀልጢፉ ዝብንቁሮም። ናብ መበገሲ ዛዕባይ ክምለስ፡ መስፍን ሓጎስ ሬሳ ኣቦና ኣብርሃም ተወልደ ካብ ዝነበሮ በረኻ ናብ ጉቡእ መቓብር ሓርበኛታት ክእከብን መስዋእቱ ኑቡር ስነ-ስርዓተ ምፍናው ስለ ዝግብኦ ጉቡእ ስርዓተ-ቀብሪ ክግበረሉ ናብቲ ግዝያዊ መራሒ ዝብል ኢሰያስ ሕቶ ኣቕሪበ ይብል መስፍን። እንተ ኾነ ኢሰያስ ከም ዝተቖጠዐን ንምንታይ መቓብር ኣብርሃም ተወልደ ኣብ ዝነበሮ ዘይከውን ዝብል ንመስፍን ሓጎስ ከም ዝሓረቐሉ ኣረጋጊጹ። መስፍን ሓጎስ ዶ/ር ኣብርሃም ብኢድ ኢሰያስ'ዩ ሞይቱ ዝብል ናይ ብዙሓት ጽሓፍቲ ታሪኽን ፖለቲካን ናብ ሓቂ ዝቐረበ ከም ዘይኮነ ክኣምነሉ ዝጸነሐ መስፍን ሓጎስ ይነጽጎ ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ ዳግማይ ኣብ ጥርጣረ ከእትዎ ክኢሉ። ግብረ-መልሲ ኢሰያስ ኣብ ምእካብ ሬሳን፡ጉቡእ ስርዓተ-ቀብርን ዶ/ር ኣብርሃም ተወልደ ክመዉት ኢድ ክነብሮ ምልክት ክኸዉን ከም ዝኽእል ከም ሰቡ ግምታቱ ይሓዋዉስ፡፡ ኢሰያስ ምእካብ ሬሳ ዶ/ር ኣብርሃም ስምዒታት ህዝቢ ከለዓዕል'ዩ፡ ዝተዓበጠ ማህደር ታሪኽ ክግንጸል'ዩ ዝብል ስግኣት ስለ ዝነበሮ ነቲ እሩም ስራሕ ናይ መስፍን ሓጎስ ክቕበሎ ዘይምኽኣሉ ነቶም ዝሓምዩዎ መርትዖ'ዩ ይብል መስፍን። ስለዚ'ዩ ድማ መስፍን ሓጎስ እቲ መስርሕ ጥፍኣት ዶ/ር ኣብርሃም ተወልደ ኢድ ኢሰያስ ከም ዝነበሮ ዘእምን እኹል መርትዖ ከም ዘይረኸበን፡ በቲ ሓደ ድማ ክጥርጥር ከም ዝተገደደን'ዩ ዝገልጽ።በቲ ሓደ ድማ ኣብ እዋን ዶ/ር ኣብርሃ ዝሞተሉ ምስኡ ዝነበሩ ደቂ ከባቢኡ ምስ ምንባሮም ኢሰያስ ኢድ ኔሩዎ ክትብሎ ከቢድ'ዩ ይብል መስፍን ሓጎስ። ከም መእመኒ ካብ ዝተጠቕመለን ነጥብታት ቤተሰቡን ደቀ ዓዱን ኔሮም ምባል ይኸዉን። ኣቦና መስፍን ግዲ ካብቲ በረኻዊ ስርዓተ ከይዲ ተፈለዩስ ሳሕላዊ ባህሪ ረሲዑ ኑቡር ክሓስብ ምስ ጀመረ ጠባይ ሳሕላዊ ገረብ ብሓኽላ ዝብል ዝዘንግዖ ይመስል። መስፍን ሓጎስ ገረብ-ብሓኽላ ዝብል ፖለቲካ ፍልስፍና ሰውራ ሳሕል ክዝክሮ ክጽገም ሙኹኑይን ልቦናን'ዩ። ሳሕላዊ ሰውራ እታ ቀዳመይቲ ፍልስፍናኦም ቤተ-ሰብ ምስ ቤተ-ሰብ- መቕርብ ምስ መቕርብ፡ጎደቦ ምስ ጎደቦ ኣውራጃ ምስ ኣወራጃ ክሳብ ሰበይቲ ምስ ሰብኣይ ሕድሕድ ከም ዝበላልዑን፡ ብኢደ-ዙር ገላዩ ናይቲ ስርዓትን ሰውራን ክኸዉን ምግባር'ዩ።ነዚ ናይ ህዝብና ፖለቲካ ዝኽሕድ እንተ'ሎ ናይ ኣፈጣጥራ ጸገም ዘለዎ'ዩ። ስለዚ ኣቦና መስፍን ውን እዚ ጠፊኡካ ዘይኮነስ ክዕበጥ ስለ ዝመረጽካ ኢኻ።ስለዚ ዶ/ር ኣብርሃም ኢሰያስ ሙሉእ ብሙሉእ ኢድ ከም ዝነበሮን፡ ፈጸምቱ ድማ ዕሱባት ናይ ኢሰያስ ኮይኖም ግን ገረብ ብሓኽላ ዝብል ንቕሓት ዘጋገዮም ክኾኑ ከም ዝኽእሉ ክግመት ይክኣል። ስርዓተ ምሕደራ ናይዚ መንግስቲ ንሱ ስለ ዝኾነ። ካብ ሰውራ ጀሚሮም ክሳብ ሕጂ እቶም እሙናት በራዩ ኢሰያስ'ኮ ቤተሰብን መቕርብን ዶ/ር ኣብርሃም ተወልደ እዮም።ስለዚ ዶ/ር ኣብርሃም ኣቐዲሙ ዕጫ ሃይለ ዱሩዕ-ቢተወደድ-ጴጥሮስ ዝበጽሖ ጅግናን ባዓል ዓቕምን'ዩ። መደምደምታ ርኢቶይ፡ ኣብርሃም ተወልደ ብቶንኮል ኢሰያስ ከም ዝጠፍአ ምርግጋጽ ጥራይ'ዩ።ንሕና እቶም ግዳይ ናይዚ ደጋል ታሪኽ ዝኾነ ወለዶ ጠባይን ሕመቕን ኢሰያስ ናይ ዝኾነ ምስክርነት ዘድልየና ኣይኮነን።ምኽንያቱ ተግባራቱ ንርእዮ ስለ ዘለና!!! ኣብ ዘለዎ ደረጃ ስልጣን ክበጽሕ ዝኽኣለ'ኮ ሰብ ዓቕምን፡ ተባዓትን በሊዑ ዝምእዘዝዎ ኣብ ከባቢኡ ክህልዉ ብምጥባብ እንበር ክመርሕ ዓቕሚ ስለ ዝነበረ ውን ኣይኮነን።ምሕደራ ኢሰያስ ብዓለም ደረጃ እቲ ዝሓመቐ'ዩ።ንስኻ ባዕልኻ መስፍን ሓጎስ ኣመሓዳሪ ደቡብ ዝነበርካሉ ግዜ ከም ሓደ ምስክር'ዩ።ስለዚ ህዝቢ ምምራሕ ዋዛ ዝመስሎ ኢሰያስ ኣእሚኑ ተላጊጹልና'ዩ ክትብሉ ጥራይ'ዩ ዘለኩም።እዚ ወለዶ ብዙሕ ከም ዝጽበየካ ክትዝንግዕ የብልካን ኣቦና መስፍን ሓጎስ።ጥዕና ዝህብ ታሪኽ ክትገድፈልና እንበር ደጋል ታሪኽ ክተጸባብቕ ምፍታን ጥቕሙ ውሑድን እዋናዉን'ዩ። ተሜ ኪዳነ ጀርመን source fromMirror Temezion facebook https://www.facebook.com/search/top/?q=mirror%20temezion&epa=SEARCH_BOX", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "92100ace55f708bd209479f1", "source_sha256": "3f84ad354e68b6d1c1a0fe086a85878ac454b1261be6392d6daad68ee97639fe", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-14c33f00fb64284df6720cfc", "type": "record-list", "source": { "path": "/54", "start": 7994, "end": 10800 }, "anchors": [], "caption": [], "records": [ { "source": { "path": "/54/1/0", "start": 8014, "end": 8415 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 2, "rowspan": 6, "source": { "path": "/54/1/0/1", "start": 8023, "end": 8184 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-84fc93362dabb52f9e095cf0", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/54/1/0/1/0", "start": 8051, "end": 8179 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/642784d3d759ea1967d5ac1ffd36667458eeb926c4311447f81acc57f3948159.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 3, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/54/1/0/3", "start": 8190, "end": 8407 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-6925300c368098930a47726a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/54/1/0/3/0/1/0", "start": 8221, "end": 8340 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Brief information on the mysterious death of Abraham Tewelde in May 1970 which is still secret for most of us. \nCompiled byResoum Kidane" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/54/1/2", "start": 8422, "end": 9539 }, "cells": [ { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 3, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/54/1/2/1", "start": 8431, "end": 9531 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-ef079396ea2204f4a2301c3d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/54/1/2/1/0", "start": 8447, "end": 9410 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Abrahm Tewelde went to hide in Ala region in the highlands probably in September 1969. He was the leader of the Ala group. This did not have any intention to split from the ELF. Abraham Tewelde who was the leader wished to resolve the problems with (Kiada al-Ama) through in dialogue not by splitting. However, after Mesfin Hagos joined the Ala group in March 1970 and Issayas on 27 April 1970, the PLF II or Selfi Natzinet was founded at a meeting at Ala by Issays. This was just after the death of Abraham Tewelde on 17 May1970 which is still secret to most of us. According to some sources Abraham was poisoned in suspicious circumstance, this was well documented by Human Rights Watch, (1991: 42p) ; by Erlich( Eritrea in the Western Media p.97 1988) Erlich states that one of Issayas' main rivals in the rebel movement was found poisoned to death in 1970; and by " }, { "text": "Alem Tesfay", "href": "/documents/67fb667cb983586c1f242742/" }, { "text": ", 2004" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/54/1/4", "start": 9543, "end": 10419 }, "cells": [ { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 3, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/54/1/4/1", "start": 9552, "end": 10411 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-6136576ddb3d085424b201a7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/54/1/4/1/0", "start": 9568, "end": 9860 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Furthermore Alem Tesfay 2003 explained the cause which led to the death of Abrha Tweldo in the following words:\n After Issays came back from the meeting he held with the members of CIA members to Ala he decided to split from the ELF. Because of this " }, { "text": "there was an argument with Abraham Tewelde", "href": "/documents/67fb667cb983586c1f242742/" }, { "text": " who was not in favour of spliting from the ELF. After one month of argument between them Abraham Tewelde die suddenly. After his death, Issayass succeeded to the leadership of the group and the group then took steps to split from the ELF [Ammar, Woldeysus 2004) ELF . To pretend from the above accusation Issayas named his first son Abraham." } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/54/1/8", "start": 10480, "end": 10641 }, "cells": [ { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 3, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/54/1/8/1", "start": 10489, "end": 10633 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-e756bd1c21f19f25b2ead0b6", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/54/1/8/1/0", "start": 10505, "end": 10628 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/4f08c5311081195371295defe404aad78a492603742884147778b8e087ee6acd.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-54779471fba0ce0aea4ae275", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/56/0", "start": 10805, "end": 10912 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Read more", "href": "/documents/67fb667cb983586c1f242742/" } ] }, { "id": "b-3bd8b840ff51053d4639edbd", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/57/0", "start": 10926, "end": 11051 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/70d5ee18f59d65c7bc416d19fb085f4ded90b1c46a7624ce2b77b942266ac4f4.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "ኣብርሃም ተወልዯ", "href": "/documents/7023eee7d65e96e76a0fcb1e/" } ] }, { "id": "b-f82bf9b12e642a8d5675f6a9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/58/0", "start": 11179, "end": 11338 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Crime committed \n and collaborated by the EPLF Leaders", "href": "/documents/9b85e425f8d78dca5fa7a53f/" } ] }, { "id": "b-5acf42632e6ff2114dec4f48", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/59/0", "start": 11347, "end": 11372 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሓጺር ትንተና\"ቃለ-መሐትት መስፍን ሓጎስ\"\n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n ቃለ-መሕተት ኣቦና መስፍን ሓጎስ ኣብ ሰነድ-ቲቪ ምስ " }, { "text": "Antonio Tesfay", "href": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pl54q16d6QU&feature=share&fbclid=IwAR07L8yCKk4yfHGY6FDIu0Ua4IPsN2mSVe5mthvIpiVged6NT4a35chZOro" }, { "text": " ብዛዕባ ዶ/ር ኣብርሃም ተወልደ ብውዲት ቶንኮል ኢሰያስ ከም ዝሞተ ሙሉእ ብሙሉእ ክምስክር ከም ዝጽገም ብቐሊል ክትርድኦ ትኽእል።ንሕና ውን መስፍን ሓጎስ ዶ/ር ኣብርሃም ተወልደ ብተንኮል ኢሰያስ'ዩ ሞይቱ ክትብል ኣይንጽበን ኢና።ከም መስፍን ሕሉፍ ኣሉታዊ ታሪኽ ኣዝዩ ብ'ጥንቃቐ ካብ ዝሕዙ ሓደ ኣቦ'ዩ።ኣይተኻእለን እንበር ብሓፈሻ ኣሉታዊ ታሪኽኩም ከም ዘለዎ ክወጽእ ዝሓሸ ውጽኢት ክህልዎ ምኽኣለ።\n መስፍን ሓጎስ ምስ ካሕሳይ ገ/ሂወት ኣመሓደአቲ ዞባ ደቡብ ኮይኖም ብህዝቢ ዞባ ደቡብ ጽቡቕ ተቐባልነት ዝረኸቡን ዝተፈተዉ ከም ዝኾኑ ዝበዝሕ ነባሪ ደቡብ ዝብሎ'ዩ።እቲ ረዚንን ለባምን ጥበበኛን ህዝቢ ዝነብረሉ ዞባ ደቡብ\n (ኣከለ-ስራየን) ጽቡቕ ተቐባልነት ክትረክብ ምኽኣል ምልክት ሓያልነቶም'ዩ።ስለ ዝኾነ ኢሰያስ ህዝቢ ዞባ ደቡብ(ሰራየ-ኣከለ) ጽቡቕ ርክብ ዝፈጥር መራሒ ቀልጢፉ ዝብንቁሮም።\n ናብ መበገሲ ዛዕባይ ክምለስ፡\n መስፍን ሓጎስ ሬሳ ኣቦና ኣብርሃም ተወልደ ካብ ዝነበሮ በረኻ ናብ ጉቡእ መቓብር ሓርበኛታት ክእከብን መስዋእቱ ኑቡር ስነ-ስርዓተ ምፍናው ስለ ዝግብኦ ጉቡእ ስርዓተ-ቀብሪ ክግበረሉ ናብቲ ግዝያዊ መራሒ ዝብል ኢሰያስ ሕቶ ኣቕሪበ ይብል መስፍን።\n እንተ ኾነ ኢሰያስ ከም ዝተቖጠዐን ንምንታይ መቓብር ኣብርሃም ተወልደ ኣብ ዝነበሮ ዘይከውን ዝብል ንመስፍን ሓጎስ ከም ዝሓረቐሉ ኣረጋጊጹ።\n መስፍን ሓጎስ ዶ/ር ኣብርሃም ብኢድ ኢሰያስ'ዩ ሞይቱ ዝብል ናይ ብዙሓት ጽሓፍቲ ታሪኽን ፖለቲካን ናብ ሓቂ ዝቐረበ ከም ዘይኮነ ክኣምነሉ ዝጸነሐ መስፍን ሓጎስ ይነጽጎ ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ ዳግማይ ኣብ ጥርጣረ ከእትዎ ክኢሉ።\n ግብረ-መልሲ ኢሰያስ ኣብ ምእካብ ሬሳን፡ጉቡእ ስርዓተ-ቀብርን ዶ/ር ኣብርሃም ተወልደ ክመዉት ኢድ ክነብሮ ምልክት ክኸዉን ከም ዝኽእል ከም ሰቡ ግምታቱ ይሓዋዉስ፡፡ \n ኢሰያስ ምእካብ ሬሳ ዶ/ር ኣብርሃም ስምዒታት ህዝቢ ከለዓዕል'ዩ፡ ዝተዓበጠ ማህደር ታሪኽ ክግንጸል'ዩ ዝብል ስግኣት ስለ ዝነበሮ ነቲ እሩም ስራሕ ናይ መስፍን ሓጎስ ክቕበሎ ዘይምኽኣሉ ነቶም ዝሓምዩዎ መርትዖ'ዩ ይብል መስፍን። \n ስለዚ'ዩ ድማ መስፍን ሓጎስ እቲ መስርሕ ጥፍኣት ዶ/ር ኣብርሃም ተወልደ ኢድ ኢሰያስ ከም ዝነበሮ ዘእምን እኹል መርትዖ ከም ዘይረኸበን፡ በቲ ሓደ ድማ ክጥርጥር ከም ዝተገደደን'ዩ ዝገልጽ።በቲ ሓደ ድማ ኣብ እዋን ዶ/ር ኣብርሃ ዝሞተሉ ምስኡ ዝነበሩ ደቂ ከባቢኡ ምስ ምንባሮም ኢሰያስ ኢድ ኔሩዎ ክትብሎ ከቢድ'ዩ ይብል መስፍን ሓጎስ። ከም መእመኒ ካብ ዝተጠቕመለን ነጥብታት ቤተሰቡን ደቀ ዓዱን ኔሮም ምባል ይኸዉን።\n ኣቦና መስፍን ግዲ ካብቲ በረኻዊ ስርዓተ ከይዲ ተፈለዩስ ሳሕላዊ ባህሪ ረሲዑ ኑቡር ክሓስብ ምስ ጀመረ ጠባይ ሳሕላዊ ገረብ ብሓኽላ ዝብል ዝዘንግዖ ይመስል።\n መስፍን ሓጎስ ገረብ-ብሓኽላ ዝብል ፖለቲካ ፍልስፍና ሰውራ ሳሕል ክዝክሮ ክጽገም ሙኹኑይን ልቦናን'ዩ።\n ሳሕላዊ ሰውራ እታ ቀዳመይቲ ፍልስፍናኦም ቤተ-ሰብ ምስ ቤተ-ሰብ- መቕርብ ምስ መቕርብ፡ጎደቦ ምስ ጎደቦ ኣውራጃ ምስ ኣወራጃ ክሳብ ሰበይቲ ምስ ሰብኣይ ሕድሕድ ከም ዝበላልዑን፡ ብኢደ-ዙር ገላዩ ናይቲ ስርዓትን ሰውራን ክኸዉን ምግባር'ዩ።ነዚ ናይ ህዝብና ፖለቲካ ዝኽሕድ እንተ'ሎ ናይ ኣፈጣጥራ ጸገም ዘለዎ'ዩ።\n ስለዚ ኣቦና መስፍን ውን እዚ ጠፊኡካ ዘይኮነስ ክዕበጥ ስለ ዝመረጽካ ኢኻ።ስለዚ ዶ/ር ኣብርሃም ኢሰያስ ሙሉእ ብሙሉእ ኢድ ከም ዝነበሮን፡ ፈጸምቱ ድማ ዕሱባት ናይ ኢሰያስ ኮይኖም ግን ገረብ ብሓኽላ ዝብል ንቕሓት ዘጋገዮም ክኾኑ ከም ዝኽእሉ ክግመት ይክኣል።\n ስርዓተ ምሕደራ ናይዚ መንግስቲ ንሱ ስለ ዝኾነ።\n ካብ ሰውራ ጀሚሮም ክሳብ ሕጂ እቶም እሙናት በራዩ ኢሰያስ'ኮ ቤተሰብን መቕርብን ዶ/ር ኣብርሃም ተወልደ እዮም።ስለዚ ዶ/ር ኣብርሃም ኣቐዲሙ ዕጫ ሃይለ ዱሩዕ-ቢተወደድ-ጴጥሮስ ዝበጽሖ ጅግናን ባዓል ዓቕምን'ዩ።\n መደምደምታ ርኢቶይ፡\n ኣብርሃም ተወልደ ብቶንኮል ኢሰያስ ከም ዝጠፍአ ምርግጋጽ ጥራይ'ዩ።ንሕና እቶም ግዳይ ናይዚ ደጋል ታሪኽ ዝኾነ ወለዶ ጠባይን ሕመቕን ኢሰያስ ናይ ዝኾነ ምስክርነት ዘድልየና ኣይኮነን።ምኽንያቱ ተግባራቱ ንርእዮ ስለ ዘለና!!! ኣብ ዘለዎ ደረጃ ስልጣን ክበጽሕ ዝኽኣለ'ኮ ሰብ ዓቕምን፡ ተባዓትን በሊዑ ዝምእዘዝዎ ኣብ ከባቢኡ ክህልዉ ብምጥባብ እንበር ክመርሕ ዓቕሚ ስለ ዝነበረ ውን ኣይኮነን።ምሕደራ ኢሰያስ ብዓለም ደረጃ እቲ ዝሓመቐ'ዩ።ንስኻ ባዕልኻ መስፍን ሓጎስ ኣመሓዳሪ ደቡብ ዝነበርካሉ ግዜ ከም ሓደ ምስክር'ዩ።ስለዚ ህዝቢ ምምራሕ ዋዛ ዝመስሎ ኢሰያስ ኣእሚኑ ተላጊጹልና'ዩ ክትብሉ ጥራይ'ዩ ዘለኩም።እዚ ወለዶ ብዙሕ ከም ዝጽበየካ ክትዝንግዕ የብልካን ኣቦና መስፍን ሓጎስ።ጥዕና ዝህብ ታሪኽ ክትገድፈልና እንበር ደጋል ታሪኽ ክተጸባብቕ ምፍታን ጥቕሙ ውሑድን እዋናዉን'ዩ።\n ተሜ ኪዳነ\n ጀርመን" } ] }, { "id": "b-40f1956b555c0ff4bcbfd765", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/61/0", "start": 14431, "end": 14441 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "source from" }, { "text": "Mirror Temezion", "href": "https://www.facebook.com/temie.kidane?__tn__=%2CdC-R-R&eid=ARDGkm3HZfNYUG8QxdtgcpfBICErMPrEg37tWw_SkFyTgNDR0JtBFhuSIl0U9-Wx0LDEZR9-yoUS0elc&hc_ref=ARTXT389IKkOVkalWmEbLIoxt06aWq7Uv15T-1U8ZC9a7fstqxCJqgkavmvow9vYXXk&fref=nf" }, { "text": " facebook" } ] }, { "id": "b-b5071760ebc903cd91d8b1c2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/63/0", "start": 14805, "end": 14879 }, "anchors": [ "source-js_12g" ], "content": [ { "text": "https://www.facebook.com/search/top/?q=mirror%20temezion&epa=SEARCH_BOX" } ] } ], "anchors": { "apDiv1": "source-apDiv1", "apDiv2": "source-apDiv2", "apDiv3": "source-apDiv3", "apDiv4": "source-apDiv4", "apDiv8": "source-apDiv8", "apDiv9": "source-apDiv9", "apDiv10": "source-apDiv10", "apDiv11": "source-apDiv11", "apDiv13": "source-apDiv13", "apDiv15": "source-apDiv15", "apDiv18": "source-apDiv18", "apDiv5": "source-apDiv5", "apDiv6": "source-apDiv6", "apDiv7": "source-apDiv7", "apDiv12": "source-apDiv12", "js_12g": "source-js_12g" }, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/0", "start": 0, "end": 160 }, "text": "", "text_sha256": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855", "reason": "Inherited EHREA site header/banner/navigation", "evidence": "Positioned apDiv template wrapper: repeated logo/banner/prison-menu/index/search/date chrome before document content; inspect source-node locator and archive original.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/2", "start": 162, "end": 322 }, "text": "", "text_sha256": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855", "reason": "Inherited EHREA site header/banner/navigation", "evidence": "Positioned apDiv template wrapper: repeated logo/banner/prison-menu/index/search/date chrome before document content; inspect source-node locator and archive original.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/4", "start": 324, "end": 589 }, "text": "", "text_sha256": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855", "reason": "Inherited EHREA site header/banner/navigation", "evidence": "Positioned apDiv template wrapper: repeated logo/banner/prison-menu/index/search/date chrome before document content; inspect source-node locator and archive 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He had taken part in the Eritrean armed struggle against the Ethiopian colonialism until he entered Asmara with the fighters. Sadiq, who has narrated the violations he had been exposed to at the hands of the PFDJ in more than a prison through the Sudanese daily al-Watten, says that he had been involving in business after he had got an invitation from Petros Solomon following the independence of Eritrea. Mr. Sadiq had made clear that he along with some people had opened in Asmara a very big restaurant and was importing the basic necessities of his restaurant from Emirates. He adds that wrong information was given to the Eritrean authorities in light of which he was arrested. “They were informed that I was spying for the Sudanese security,” says Mr.Sadiq. He says, in the long interview he has had with the al-Awattenn newspaper, that he was taken into Dahlak prison for which he describes as the “worst” prison due to the high degree of temperature. Mr Sadiq says that he had been in this prison for three months in which he was subjected into a harsh, horrible investigation. Then he was transferred into the prison of “Trakbee”, in the environs of Asmara after his heart beats were about to stop due to the torture he had been exposed to. Mr. Sadiq makes certain that the temperature of this prison is under zero for it is underground in an area whose altitude is above 2000 m above the sea level. Mr.Sadiq adds that he had passed through different kinds of violations the worst of which was “electrification”. He states that he had withstand the torture of the PFDJ’s guards and met in the prison of “Trakbee” Sudanese nationals like Captain Walid al-Tum, who is imprisoned on the charge of spying for the Sudanese security. 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He says, while speaking about his release, members of the revolutionary committees of Libya like Sief-Islam Qadafe along with the coordinator of the revolutionary committees of Libya Mohamud Abdien and the Sudanese known lawyer Ghaze Sulieman have exerted tremendous efforts to release me. “They have finally succeeded to release me on the condition to deport me from Eritrea,” Sadiq adds. 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Suffering and Imprisonment (Life under PFDJ) Sunday, 07 February 2010 22:13 Mussie Hadgu [Introduction by the editor: On March 2009, we rece", "original_sha256": "5d907001b8a45248ff486d8ee0640ae8f810ecc3109645c43b27bff56aea0cc0" } ], "text": "Torture, Suffering and Imprisonment (Life under PFDJ) Sunday, 07 February 2010 22:13 Mussie Hadgu [Introduction by the editor: On March 2009, we received a hefty report (about 34 pages long) on the prison condition in Eritrea as experienced by one man. The report was too detailed that we felt that it would endanger the writer, even though he wanted us to post it as was. We have been posting excellent reports by this writer, especially on the state of famine in Eritrea. But when it comes to prison life, we have been posting only those parts that we felt were safe. One such report was a detailed account on the Wi’a concentration camp. Now that writer has made it safely to the free world, we will start publishing what was left out of that prison report in three instalments. The editor would like to remind readers that what happened to Mussie Hadgu is a normal occurrence among the youth of Eritrea. Almost every escaped Warsai has a personal story to tell of how he or she went in and out of prison, concentration camp or training camp. Usually, it is after a number of false attempts that the escapees make it to the refugee camps in Ethiopia or Sudan. In between, there are tales of capture, torture and escape, to be repeated again in recapture, torture and escape and so on until one manages to escape for good. And this is the story of the fortunate ones. Others are either shot dead while crossing the border or languishing in some underground prisons. Fortunately, Mussie Hadgu has finally made it to safety. But in between is the story of the horrors that the youth of Eritrea face.] Due to the wrong and criminal policy of the PFDJ regime, the people of Eritrea particularly the youth are denied the right to learn, innovate, invest and work. They are denied the right to live peacefully and move freely. Their golden age, knowledge, time, energy and resources are wasted. They have become the slaves of the dictatorial regime being recruited in the endless national service or have ended up in the underground prisons of the regime or shot dead on site or tortured to death at the hands of the PFDJ military personnel. The following report is my own experience as a victim of these actions and policy. Before giving a detailed account of my prison experience, I will first highlight the main events in a summary form. Then I will proceed to provide complete accounts of the events in some details. In the report, military training camp and prison camp are used interchangeably because even though government defines them as training camps or centre, actually they fall within the universal definition of prisons (even under the worst prison conditions). Summary of events, 2001 -2007 2001 On the 17th of April 2001, I was arrested by the military in Molober and detained in Aderser underground prison until the 15th of May, 2001. On the 15th of May 2001, I was transferred to Sawa military training/ prison camp and held there until the 21st of May 2001 On the 21st of May 2001 I escaped from Sawa military/prison camp and trekked about 100 km and arrived at the Tesseney town on the 23rd of May 2001. 2002 On the 10th of July 2002 was I arrested in Asmara and held in Adi –Abeito prison until the 12th of July, On the 12th of July I was transferred to Sawa military/prison camp and held there until the 14th of July On the 14th of July I escaped from Sawa and trekked to, and arrived at Tesseney town on the 17th of July 2002. 2007 On the 18th of April 2007, I was arrested in Dibarwa and was held there until the 25th of April. On the 25th of April I was transferred to Asmara via Mendefera and I was held in Adi–Abeito prison until the 4th of May 2007. On the 4th of May I was transferred to Wi’a military training/prison camp On the 5th of August 2007, I escaped from Wi’a and trekked about 40 KM and arrived at the port town of Massawa on the 6th of August 2007. Detailed accounts of my experiences in the prisons of PFDJ regime Aderser – Sawa prison 2001 From November 2000 until 2007, I was working for an international NGO operating in humanitarian and developmental activities in Eritrea. Initially, I was employed as a project officer with the responsibility of planning, facilitating, managing and monitoring and reporting the deliveries, handling and distribution of USAID financed food aid program to the displaced Sudanese Beja people within the Sudanese territories or within the Eritrean territories along the Eritrean-Sudanese border areas. My activities were closely coordinated with the Beja Relief Organization (BRO), a humanitarian Branch of the Beja Congress that was carrying out armed struggle against the Sudanese government in the area in alliance with other armed Sudanese factions such the SPLA and SAF (Sudanese Allied Forces). BRO and the government of Eritrea had made repeated urgent appeals for assistance of the displaced Beja people to my NGO and my NGO had responded positively to the repeated requests of the Eritrean Government and the BRO and provided humanitarian assistance. As a result, food aid grant was obtained from the USAID and other humanitarian supplies such as medical supplies from other donors were distributed jointly through my NGO in cooperation with BRO. Capacity building programs were also designed and executed to strengthen the capacity of BRO including training, materials, equipment and financial support. To improve their logistical capacity 6 Lorries for the purpose of transportation humanitarian supplies to the needy people and one 4 wheel drive vehicle to facilitate the operations of BRO were donated to BRO by my NGO and its partners. For BRO, the USAID food was huge to handle (relative with human and organizational capacity) and at the same time BRO’s activities and its armed wing’s activities were overlapping a lot. The Beja Congress and BRO received direct orders and instructions from the PFDJ and border surveillance unit of the Eritrean Defence Forces which coordinated and supervised the activities and operations of the Sudanese opposition factions. The BRO manager is Ali Alsafi. He and other officials from the Beja congress had been granted special visiting cards that allow them to visit the PFDJ officials at any time such as Yemane Gebreab, Abdella Jaber and Alamin Mohamed Said and the president himself unrestricted. The Sudanese opposition officials are more listened and respected than Eritreans by the PFDJ officials. At the same time the border surveillance unit officials used to receive a lot of benefits from the Sudanese opposition officials by means of bribery and material gifts and in exchange the Sudanese oppositions get good cooperation and collaborations from the border surveillance officers. Under these working conditions, I faced enormous challenges and difficulties to carry out my responsibilities and tasks properly and effectively. As corrupt as they are, BRO prepared a fake beneficiary lists of non existent beneficiaries for which I challenged them and recommended a correct beneficiary list. While I was planning and working with all my efforts to ensure a timely and fair distribution of the food aid to the needy, BRO staff were hindering the timely and smooth distributions of the food and were playing lots of tricks in the process. As a result they plotted a conspiracy to eliminate me. The end result was Ali Alsafi (the BRO head) approached Hassen, the intelligence officer of the border surveillance unit who was based in Aderser (“Hadish Maasker”- this name was given because the camp was new at that time) and conspired for my arrest. He also gave them the BRO vehicle he himself was driving to facilitate my arrest. Responding to his request, the security officers drove from Aderser to Molober where I was staying and arrested me on the 17th of April 2001. Aderser is about 320 KM west from Asmara located between Sawa and Girmaika. This is the command base for the border surveillance unit which is under the command of brigadier general Tekle Manjus. This camp was relocated from Tesseney to this location following the invasion of Ethiopian army deep into the Eritrean territories in May 2000. And Molober is about 40 Km north of Aderser. As the camp had moved to Adreser only shortly, construction of some facilities was continuing. The security forces brought me to Aderser prison. The prison had a large thorny acacia tree fenced compounded with one main gate and another smaller gate which was used only at times when prisoners go out to relieve themselves. The compound is heavily guarded with a watch tower erected overseeing the prison cells. The prison’s commander was a Colonel known by the nick name of Wedi Granite. As Aderser is located on the road to Molobe,r I passed by several times but I had never thought it embodied such as prison in which people get tortured and killed. The prison was made up of the following facilities at the time of my arrest: Two underground cells: one relatively larger and another smaller one. The larger one is estimated to be 15m long x 4m wide x 2.5 m high. I was held in the large underground cell thus it is difficult for me to give an estimation of the height of the smaller under ground cell. However, it was possible to estimate its length and width by observing from the outside. Hence it is estimated to be 12 metres long and 4 metres wide. Huts that served as prison cells. Two kitchens for the prisoners, which partially shaded. Offices, residence and kitchens for the prison officers. However, according to the eyewitnesses, the prison was expanded and enlarged in subsequent years. By 2004 the number of underground cells had reached 6. All the prison facilities and a great proportion of the whole military camp facilities were built by the labour of the prisoners. When they brought me to the prison it was about 6:30 PM and they stripped me off of my properties including my money and my ID cards and other documents. Only my shoes were left up stripped off. That was the practice at that time and every prisoner had to pass through that process. After the stripping off, I was driven into the larger underground cell. What drew my attention and shocked me was, the prisoners that were sealed in that underground cell rejoiced at my arrival (particularly the youngsters – about 18- 20 years of age) in anticipation that there were many more people on line to enter the cell. Usually what happens when new prisoners come from Tesseney after being gathered there (only they are transferred to Aderser when their number is big enough to make a truck’s load for logistical purpose) some of the prisoners in Aderser get transferred to Sawa military training/prison camp. With the arrival of new prisoners full of a truck, there is less space available to accommodate all the prisoners (both old and new arrivals) within the prison centres capacity. The practice was therefore transferring some of the old prisoners to Sawa training camp to provide space to the new arrivals. Otherwise the prisoners may stay in this prison for 5 or more months if there is no problem with space. The practice is the civilian prisoners were brought to Aderser to work in the construction of the camp before they were transferred to Sawa training camp for training. Already by the time I arrived at the prison centre, there were some people who stayed in the prison for almost four months. The motive for rejoicing at seeing new arrivals to the prison therefore emanates from this. Nevertheless, from my side, I could not understand the situation why people who themselves were tortured, brutalized and in their underpants because they could not tolerate the hot temperature jump in joy just at seeing one more person added to the number of persons who were already suffering, i.e. how can my passing through the same experience of suffering and torturing make them happy?. However, gradually I came to grasp their motives as they swarmed around me asking me if there were more people in the line to enter the underground cells. As the living condition in this prison is extremely harsh, the prisoners had a great desire to go to Sawa to escape the harsh prison conditions assuming that they would get better treatment in Sawa training/prison camp. This assumption originated from the lack of sufficient information about the conditions at Sawa. I also met two people in the prison whom I knew before and who consoled me. Conditions in the prison The prisoners can be classified into three categories: The first group consisted of civilians mainly alleged of plotting to cross to Sudan. But there were also others for trivial cases, such as rivalry for women between with agents of the security forces. An example of such a victim is Daniel, who was eleventh grade student in Tesseney, who was arrested because his friend was courting a girl working at a cafeteria and Daniel used to accompany him there. One of the agents of the security forces was also courting this girl and he convinced the security forces to arrest Daniel and his friend. But finally only Daniel was arrested. Another example is a Muslim guy from Tesseney whose name now I have now forgotten. He was arrested just four weeks before his wedding day. This guy was engaged to a lady one of the security agents had fallen in love with and in order to prevent the marriage from happening, the security agent conspired with the security forces and the would be bride groom was arrested before the wedding took place. The category of civilian prisoners included men and women. With the exception of few cases such as mine, majority of the prisoners were arrested at Tesseney roadblock while entering Tesseney. The people were on trip to Tesseney unaware of the new measures introduced by the military – one that requires every traveller to the area around Tesseney to hold a movement permit that is specific to the area. At the time of my detention, this measure was shortly introduced and the public was not informed by any means about the new measure. Before this measure was introduced, if one had a movement permit, he/she can travel unrestricted all over the country. The prisoners in this category were composed of students, workers and traders and the age group ranged from 18- 40 years. The second group was made of national service recruits. This category was made of soldiers who were members of the armed forces imprisoned either for disciplinary reasons or for being absent from their units. The third group consisted of prisoners of war. There were 60 Sudanese prisoners of war who were captured in action in 1997 around the Eritrea-Sudan border area in a place called Ma’eloba which is located half way between Goluj and Omhajer. The civilian men were sealed in the large underground cell. The civilian women and the soldiers were placed in the huts made of acacia wood and palm leaves. And the Sudanese prisoners of war were held in the small underground cell. There were about 60 soldier prisoners, about 10 women, and 90 civilian men. The area is very hot; temperature reaches up to 45 degree centigrade. The entrance gate of the underground cell in which I was held was very small – not more than 0.75 metres wide. The door remained closed day and night and guards were made to sit on the entrance from the outside of the door. These guards were on top of the other guards that were on duties on the erected tower about 2 metres away from the underground. There were also other guards put on place at the compound entrance. As there were no windows and ventilation devices except the narrow entrance to the underground cell, the room was day and night dark. The door was only rarely opened during day time and not at all during the night time. The temperature inside the underground is higher than it is outside - particularly during the night it is worse. The temperature only gets cooler slowly towards the dawn. As the extreme temperature was unbearable, the prisoners were most of the time on their underpants- particularly during the night. The prisoners used to collect pieces of cartons (card board pieces) while they were out to relieve themselves which we used them as fans to cool our bodies. Using these fans we used to spend most of our time cooling our bodies. The room was in absolute darkness both during the day and night. During day room used to get deem light only around the entrance. Another problem was extreme overcrowding which made the living conditions in the prison combined with the high temperature unbearable. The room was so overcrowded because it was accommodating about 90 prisoners at a time. In the first 2 weeks of my stay in the prison, we were about 70 but later about 20 new prisoners were added to us making the number above 90. In the weeks preceding my arrival, there were about 120 prisoners (as narrated to me by the prisoners) in the underground cell where I was held. Because of the extreme overcrowding, one could not sleep dorsally or ventrally (because sleeping in these ways takes more space than sleeping on the sides) thus we were forced to sleep on our sides. No spread sheets or cover sheets or mattresses or beds were provided. Prisoners slept either on the bare ground or improvised by collecting some waste materials such as thrown pieces of palm mats, cartons when we went out to work or relieve ourselves. We were allowed to relieve ourselves only twice a day: at 6: 00 AM and 6:00 Pm. We were made to line up and taken routinely to the waste place during these hours for relieving wastes under heavy guarding. The time allowed for relieving wastes was not more than 7 minutes; and they used to make the prisoners sit in a very small space, in an extremely overcrowded conditions and humiliating way. For urine, plastic containers were placed inside the underground cell and people used to urinate in these containers. People who become sick with stomach problems were allowed to relieve their wastes in containers that were placed near the underground entrance gate. The urine and excreta that had been accumulated during the day or night then gets disposed off during the time schedules for relieving wastes. Supplies Water: Drinking water was provided in plastic containers inside the cell. We were allowed to wash our bodies and clothes once per week (every Sunday) but the time allowed per individual was too short – in many cases we missed the chance to wash our bodies or clothes (thus we had to wait until the next Sunday) because there were no adequate materials to draw water from the water filled drums. And no soaps were supplied. As the result of the poor hygiene and sanitation and extreme overcrowding we were infested with lice. Food: The food supply was very limited and quantitatively and qualitatively poor. The ingredients were wheat flour, sugar, tea leaves, salt, anions and lentils but they were extremely in limited supply, particularly lentils. We, the prisoners, prepare our own meals organized in groups on daily basis. The activities included baking of “kicha” (unleavened traditional bread), tea and sauce using firewood which makes extremely difficult to bake in the very hot climatic conditions of the area and almost with no shade from the sun while preparing the meals. Feeding schedules are: breakfast at 9:00 AM, one cup of tea per individual with a small piece of kicha; Lunch at 12:00 noon that is made up of kicha and lentils soup which is extremely diluted that we used to drink it; dinner at 6:30 one cup of tea, small kicha and lentil soup. It was a normal phenomenon to see people disputing, quarrelling, stampedind and fighting for food as a result of the acute shortage. Also there was no way people can access food from the market or from relatives because it was banned. This had resulted in the deterioration of the nutritional situation of the prisoners which led in its turn to the deterioration of health conditions of many. To be continued …. 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The report was too detailed that we felt that it would endanger the writer, even though he wanted us to post it as was. We have been posting excellent reports by this writer, especially on the state of famine in Eritrea. But when it comes to prison life, we have been posting only those parts that we felt were safe. One such report was a detailed account on the Wi’a concentration camp. Now that writer has made it safely to the free world, we will start publishing what was left out of that prison report in three instalments." } ] }, { "id": "b-8e1d17f7e9238f8234847dd9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/5/0", "start": 1367, "end": 2205 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The editor would like to remind readers that what happened to Mussie Hadgu is a normal occurrence among the youth of Eritrea. Almost every escaped Warsai has a personal story to tell of how he or she went in and out of prison, concentration camp or training camp. Usually, it is after a number of false attempts that the escapees make it to the refugee camps in Ethiopia or Sudan. In between, there are tales of capture, torture and escape, to be repeated again in recapture, torture and escape and so on until one manages to escape for good. And this is the story of the fortunate ones. Others are either shot dead while crossing the border or languishing in some underground prisons. Fortunately, Mussie Hadgu has finally made it to safety. But in between is the story of the horrors that the youth of Eritrea face.]" } ] }, { "id": "b-bb7eeec0dfee928949254a1a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/7/0", "start": 2244, "end": 2877 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Due to the wrong and criminal policy of the PFDJ regime, the people of Eritrea particularly the youth are denied the right to learn, innovate, invest and work. They are denied the right to live peacefully and move freely. Their golden age, knowledge, time, energy and resources are wasted. They have become the slaves of the dictatorial regime being recruited in the endless national service or have ended up in the underground prisons of the regime or shot dead on site or tortured to death at the hands of the PFDJ military personnel. The following report is my own experience as a victim of these actions and policy." } ] }, { "id": "b-500fa0e1dd219845cdd770a0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/9/0", "start": 2898, "end": 3359 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Before giving a detailed account of my prison experience, I will first highlight the main events in a summary form. Then I will proceed to provide complete accounts of the events in some details. In the report, military training camp and prison camp are used interchangeably because even though government defines them as training camps or centre, actually they fall within the universal definition of prisons (even under the worst prison conditions)." } ] }, { "id": "b-98c42949c50e65092a448e93", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/11/0", "start": 3398, "end": 3450 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Summary of events, 2001 -2007", "marks": [ "strong", "underline" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-dfb327060d0e6dda3aeebee9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/13/0", "start": 3472, "end": 3492 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "2001", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-7ed6f51704e84498266e4dd1", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/15", "start": 3510, "end": 4123 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-433c27d6eeaef67a226c037f", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/15/1/1", "start": 3551, "end": 4085 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-2961cc223b2241ce203084b7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/15/1/1/1/0", "start": 3580, "end": 3724 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On the 17th of April 2001, I was arrested by the military in Molober and detained in Aderser underground prison until the 15th of May, 2001." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-ccd384244a80e026530b8192", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/15/1/1/3/0", "start": 3753, "end": 3878 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On the 15th of May 2001, I was transferred to Sawa military training/ prison camp and held there until the 21st of May 2001" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-37a31a8a023b7320eb14247c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/15/1/1/5/0", "start": 3907, "end": 4058 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On the 21st of May 2001 I escaped from Sawa military/prison camp and trekked about 100 km and arrived at the Tesseney town on the 23rd of May 2001." } ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-020b0734dbf9a9aef57b6f1e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/17/0", "start": 4140, "end": 4160 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "2002", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-0e0f4adf9e7687f655e04c90", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/19", "start": 4178, "end": 4598 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-92d4c8ea98f090bdf823aaf6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/19/1/0", "start": 4201, "end": 4307 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On the 10th of July 2002 was I arrested in Asmara and held in Adi –Abeito prison until the 12th of July," } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-637f03ca2304d2e64ac60859", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/19/3/0", "start": 4332, "end": 4438 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On the 12th of July I was transferred to Sawa military/prison camp and held there until the 14th of July" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-0d468dd54b33725c84109d76", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/19/5/0", "start": 4463, "end": 4575 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On the 14th of July I escaped from Sawa and trekked to, and arrived at Tesseney town on the 17th of July 2002." } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-cc924e0cecb7ec8e362419e0", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/23", "start": 4630, "end": 4694 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-74d3737036139bf517f0204c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/23/1/0", "start": 4652, "end": 4672 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "2007", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-b91d592b189a5afc6a627dc8", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/25", "start": 4708, "end": 5371 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-f443ab3e22532107e3d040d6", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/25/1/1", "start": 4749, "end": 5333 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-08b6996d0b4ef287f1694582", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/25/1/1/1/0", "start": 4778, "end": 4876 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On the 18th of April 2007, I was arrested in Dibarwa and was held there until the 25th of April." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-214d8f74f1952654e8c9d489", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/25/1/1/3/0", "start": 4905, "end": 5032 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On the 25th of April I was transferred to Asmara via Mendefera and I was held in Adi–Abeito prison until the 4th of May 2007." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-a96e85bb8839f7219aa2672b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/25/1/1/5/0", "start": 5061, "end": 5136 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On the 4th of May I was transferred to Wi’a military training/prison camp" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-3674110ae882a0bae6ee39b1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/25/1/1/7/0", "start": 5165, "end": 5306 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On the 5th of August 2007, I escaped from Wi’a and trekked about 40 KM and arrived at the port town of Massawa on the 6th of August 2007." } ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-f75268584b7b3ac376800874", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/29/0", "start": 5406, "end": 5496 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Detailed accounts of my experiences in the prisons of PFDJ regime", "marks": [ "strong", "underline" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-57b752606e8ee87cf56c774b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/31/0", "start": 5536, "end": 5578 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Aderser – Sawa prison 2001", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-2bd0b706d4bdcdd940e33a44", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/33/0", "start": 5600, "end": 6680 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "From November 2000 until 2007, I was working for an international NGO operating in humanitarian and developmental activities in Eritrea. Initially, I was employed as a project officer with the responsibility of planning, facilitating, managing and monitoring and reporting the deliveries, handling and distribution of USAID financed food aid program to the displaced Sudanese Beja people within the Sudanese territories or within the Eritrean territories along the Eritrean-Sudanese border areas. My activities were closely coordinated with the Beja Relief Organization (BRO), a humanitarian Branch of the Beja Congress that was carrying out armed struggle against the Sudanese government in the area in alliance with other armed Sudanese factions such the SPLA and SAF (Sudanese Allied Forces). BRO and the government of Eritrea had made repeated urgent appeals for assistance of the displaced Beja people to my NGO and my NGO had responded positively to the repeated requests of the Eritrean Government and the BRO and provided humanitarian assistance." } ] }, { "id": "b-e47b9e2e929796b091b29710", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/35/0", "start": 6701, "end": 7743 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As a result, food aid grant was obtained from the USAID and other humanitarian supplies such as medical supplies from other donors were distributed jointly through my NGO in cooperation with BRO. Capacity building programs were also designed and executed to strengthen the capacity of BRO including training, materials, equipment and financial support. To improve their logistical capacity 6 Lorries for the purpose of transportation humanitarian supplies to the needy people and one 4 wheel drive vehicle to facilitate the operations of BRO were donated to BRO by my NGO and its partners. For BRO, the USAID food was huge to handle (relative with human and organizational capacity) and at the same time BRO’s activities and its armed wing’s activities were overlapping a lot. The Beja Congress and BRO received direct orders and instructions from the PFDJ and border surveillance unit of the Eritrean Defence Forces which coordinated and supervised the activities and operations of the Sudanese opposition factions." } ] }, { "id": "b-02d1cf3ed0c10d5eafcc7e0a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/37/0", "start": 7782, "end": 8464 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The BRO manager is Ali Alsafi. He and other officials from the Beja congress had been granted special visiting cards that allow them to visit the PFDJ officials at any time such as Yemane Gebreab, Abdella Jaber and Alamin Mohamed Said and the president himself unrestricted. The Sudanese opposition officials are more listened and respected than Eritreans by the PFDJ officials. At the same time the border surveillance unit officials used to receive a lot of benefits from the Sudanese opposition officials by means of bribery and material gifts and in exchange the Sudanese oppositions get good cooperation and collaborations from the border surveillance officers." } ] }, { "id": "b-20cdd4bdd9dbae647f69467d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/39/0", "start": 8485, "end": 10091 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Under these working conditions, I faced enormous challenges and difficulties to carry out my responsibilities and tasks properly and effectively. As corrupt as they are, BRO prepared a fake beneficiary lists of non existent beneficiaries for which I challenged them and recommended a correct beneficiary list. While I was planning and working with all my efforts to ensure a timely and fair distribution of the food aid to the needy, BRO staff were hindering the timely and smooth distributions of the food and were playing lots of tricks in the process. As a result they plotted a conspiracy to eliminate me. The end result was Ali Alsafi (the BRO head) approached Hassen, the intelligence officer of the border surveillance unit who was based in Aderser (“Hadish Maasker”- this name was given because the camp was new at that time) and conspired for my arrest. He also gave them the BRO vehicle he himself was driving to facilitate my arrest. Responding to his request, the security officers drove from Aderser to Molober where I was staying and arrested me on the 17th of April 2001. Aderser is about 320 KM west from Asmara located between Sawa and Girmaika. This is the command base for the border surveillance unit which is under the command of brigadier general Tekle Manjus. This camp was relocated from Tesseney to this location following the invasion of Ethiopian army deep into the Eritrean territories in May 2000. And Molober is about 40 Km north of Aderser. As the camp had moved to Adreser only shortly, construction of some facilities was continuing." } ] }, { "id": "b-8c96731b506d774706b57834", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/41/0", "start": 10130, "end": 10700 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The security forces brought me to Aderser prison. The prison had a large thorny acacia tree fenced compounded with one main gate and another smaller gate which was used only at times when prisoners go out to relieve themselves. The compound is heavily guarded with a watch tower erected overseeing the prison cells. The prison’s commander was a Colonel known by the nick name of Wedi Granite. As Aderser is located on the road to Molobe,r I passed by several times but I had never thought it embodied such as prison in which people get tortured and killed." } ] }, { "id": "b-42b19bf3d4cb43df4829c3a3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/43/0", "start": 10721, "end": 10797 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The prison was made up of the following facilities at the time of my arrest:" } ] }, { "id": "b-89a61503b401cc258bcc8e28", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/45", "start": 10815, "end": 11516 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-29acada9e1fd4c45d0f53d11", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/45/1/0", "start": 10838, "end": 11274 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Two underground cells: one relatively larger and another smaller one. The larger one is estimated to be 15m long x 4m wide x 2.5 m high. I was held in the large underground cell thus it is difficult for me to give an estimation of the height of the smaller under ground cell. However, it was possible to estimate its length and width by observing from the outside. Hence it is estimated to be 12 metres long and 4 metres wide." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-46883a5bb8f1dd16e89a11c7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/45/3/0", "start": 11299, "end": 11332 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Huts that served as prison cells." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-910c6c79f3a697eee4ca17c9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/45/5/0", "start": 11357, "end": 11412 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Two kitchens for the prisoners, which partially shaded." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-81ceca450fd676cee24cf831", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/45/7/0", "start": 11437, "end": 11493 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Offices, residence and kitchens for the prison officers." } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-29e06d328082b6f8eab3fc51", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/49/0", "start": 11551, "end": 11839 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "However, according to the eyewitnesses, the prison was expanded and enlarged in subsequent years. By 2004 the number of underground cells had reached 6. All the prison facilities and a great proportion of the whole military camp facilities were built by the labour of the prisoners." } ] }, { "id": "b-7bc36e1ac44dc0df01d93d83", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/51/0", "start": 11860, "end": 12222 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "When they brought me to the prison it was about 6:30 PM and they stripped me off of my properties including my money and my ID cards and other documents. Only my shoes were left up stripped off. That was the practice at that time and every prisoner had to pass through that process. After the stripping off, I was driven into the larger underground cell." } ] }, { "id": "b-0050cf2d29c94e6597020cbb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/53/0", "start": 12243, "end": 14579 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "What drew my attention and shocked me was, the prisoners that were sealed in that underground cell rejoiced at my arrival (particularly the youngsters – about 18- 20 years of age) in anticipation that there were many more people on line to enter the cell. Usually what happens when new prisoners come from Tesseney after being gathered there (only they are transferred to Aderser when their number is big enough to make a truck’s load for logistical purpose) some of the prisoners in Aderser get transferred to Sawa military training/prison camp. With the arrival of new prisoners full of a truck, there is less space available to accommodate all the prisoners (both old and new arrivals) within the prison centres capacity. The practice was therefore transferring some of the old prisoners to Sawa training camp to provide space to the new arrivals. Otherwise the prisoners may stay in this prison for 5 or more months if there is no problem with space. The practice is the civilian prisoners were brought to Aderser to work in the construction of the camp before they were transferred to Sawa training camp for training. Already by the time I arrived at the prison centre, there were some people who stayed in the prison for almost four months. The motive for rejoicing at seeing new arrivals to the prison therefore emanates from this. Nevertheless, from my side, I could not understand the situation why people who themselves were tortured, brutalized and in their underpants because they could not tolerate the hot temperature jump in joy just at seeing one more person added to the number of persons who were already suffering, i.e. how can my passing through the same experience of suffering and torturing make them happy?. However, gradually I came to grasp their motives as they swarmed around me asking me if there were more people in the line to enter the underground cells. As the living condition in this prison is extremely harsh, the prisoners had a great desire to go to Sawa to escape the harsh prison conditions assuming that they would get better treatment in Sawa training/prison camp. This assumption originated from the lack of sufficient information about the conditions at Sawa. I also met two people in the prison whom I knew before and who consoled me." } ] }, { "id": "b-365951684b2bf684ee91476a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/55/0", "start": 14618, "end": 14666 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Conditions in the prison", "marks": [ "strong", "underline" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-02421715e63567d75ce16211", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/59/0", "start": 14731, "end": 14785 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The prisoners can be classified into three categories:" } ] }, { "id": "b-5ca8d2becb7d95980aece06b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/61/0", "start": 14806, "end": 16607 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The first group consisted of civilians mainly alleged of plotting to cross to Sudan. But there were also others for trivial cases, such as rivalry for women between with agents of the security forces. An example of such a victim is Daniel, who was eleventh grade student in Tesseney, who was arrested because his friend was courting a girl working at a cafeteria and Daniel used to accompany him there. One of the agents of the security forces was also courting this girl and he convinced the security forces to arrest Daniel and his friend. But finally only Daniel was arrested. Another example is a Muslim guy from Tesseney whose name now I have now forgotten. He was arrested just four weeks before his wedding day. This guy was engaged to a lady one of the security agents had fallen in love with and in order to prevent the marriage from happening, the security agent conspired with the security forces and the would be bride groom was arrested before the wedding took place. The category of civilian prisoners included men and women. With the exception of few cases such as mine, majority of the prisoners were arrested at Tesseney roadblock while entering Tesseney. The people were on trip to Tesseney unaware of the new measures introduced by the military – one that requires every traveller to the area around Tesseney to hold a movement permit that is specific to the area. At the time of my detention, this measure was shortly introduced and the public was not informed by any means about the new measure. Before this measure was introduced, if one had a movement permit, he/she can travel unrestricted all over the country. The prisoners in this category were composed of students, workers and traders and the age group ranged from 18- 40 years." } ] }, { "id": "b-784cd9ad442ca3bf5bba9ede", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/63/0", "start": 16628, "end": 16840 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The second group was made of national service recruits. This category was made of soldiers who were members of the armed forces imprisoned either for disciplinary reasons or for being absent from their units." } ] }, { "id": "b-593e28c173be1e2e2c73cb3e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/65/0", "start": 16861, "end": 17106 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The third group consisted of prisoners of war. There were 60 Sudanese prisoners of war who were captured in action in 1997 around the Eritrea-Sudan border area in a place called Ma’eloba which is located half way between Goluj and Omhajer." } ] }, { "id": "b-e006b8de7183456535d47f16", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/67/0", "start": 17145, "end": 17460 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The civilian men were sealed in the large underground cell. The civilian women and the soldiers were placed in the huts made of acacia wood and palm leaves. And the Sudanese prisoners of war were held in the small underground cell. There were about 60 soldier prisoners, about 10 women, and 90 civilian men." } ] }, { "id": "b-cdaede3ad62185d5cbb42004", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/69/0", "start": 17499, "end": 18000 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The area is very hot; temperature reaches up to 45 degree centigrade. The entrance gate of the underground cell in which I was held was very small – not more than 0.75 metres wide. The door remained closed day and night and guards were made to sit on the entrance from the outside of the door. These guards were on top of the other guards that were on duties on the erected tower about 2 metres away from the underground. There were also other guards put on place at the compound entrance." } ] }, { "id": "b-a2c27bbefd1022cdf9e4dd1d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/71/0", "start": 18021, "end": 18922 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As there were no windows and ventilation devices except the narrow entrance to the underground cell, the room was day and night dark. The door was only rarely opened during day time and not at all during the night time. The temperature inside the underground is higher than it is outside - particularly during the night it is worse. The temperature only gets cooler slowly towards the dawn. As the extreme temperature was unbearable, the prisoners were most of the time on their underpants- particularly during the night. The prisoners used to collect pieces of cartons (card board pieces) while they were out to relieve themselves which we used them as fans to cool our bodies. Using these fans we used to spend most of our time cooling our bodies. The room was in absolute darkness both during the day and night. During day room used to get deem light only around the entrance." } ] }, { "id": "b-947bb7ad7e6ec70441edef7f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/73/0", "start": 18943, "end": 19666 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Another problem was extreme overcrowding which made the living conditions in the prison combined with the high temperature unbearable. The room was so overcrowded because it was accommodating about 90 prisoners at a time. In the first 2 weeks of my stay in the prison, we were about 70 but later about 20 new prisoners were added to us making the number above 90. In the weeks preceding my arrival, there were about 120 prisoners (as narrated to me by the prisoners) in the underground cell where I was held. Because of the extreme overcrowding, one could not sleep dorsally or ventrally (because sleeping in these ways takes more space than sleeping on the sides) thus we were forced to sleep on our sides." } ] }, { "id": "b-1021cc16eabc46c16a44af7c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/75/0", "start": 19687, "end": 20769 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "No spread sheets or cover sheets or mattresses or beds were provided. Prisoners slept either on the bare ground or improvised by collecting some waste materials such as thrown pieces of palm mats, cartons when we went out to work or relieve ourselves. We were allowed to relieve ourselves only twice a day: at 6: 00 AM and 6:00 Pm. We were made to line up and taken routinely to the waste place during these hours for relieving wastes under heavy guarding. The time allowed for relieving wastes was not more than 7 minutes; and they used to make the prisoners sit in a very small space, in an extremely overcrowded conditions and humiliating way. For urine, plastic containers were placed inside the underground cell and people used to urinate in these containers. People who become sick with stomach problems were allowed to relieve their wastes in containers that were placed near the underground entrance gate. The urine and excreta that had been accumulated during the day or night then gets disposed off during the time schedules for relieving wastes." } ] }, { "id": "b-9c2ff4939d69605caa69a4d5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/77/0", "start": 20790, "end": 20814 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Supplies", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-c1d45bf59f4dc91c7c2f3a0a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/79/0", "start": 20854, "end": 20875 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Water", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ": Drinking water was provided in plastic containers inside the cell. We were allowed to wash our bodies and clothes once per week (every Sunday) but the time allowed per individual was too short – in many cases we missed the chance to wash our bodies or clothes (thus we had to wait until the next Sunday) because there were no adequate materials to draw water from the water filled drums. And no soaps were supplied. As the result of the poor hygiene and sanitation and extreme overcrowding we were infested with lice." } ] }, { "id": "b-ef0ddec2a3237abbad1bbb9f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/81/0", "start": 21428, "end": 21448 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Food", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ": The food supply was very limited and quantitatively and qualitatively poor. The ingredients were wheat flour, sugar, tea leaves, salt, anions and lentils but they were extremely in limited supply, particularly lentils. We, the prisoners, prepare our own meals organized in groups on daily basis. The activities included baking of “kicha” (unleavened traditional bread), tea and sauce using firewood which makes extremely difficult to bake in the very hot climatic conditions of the area and almost with no shade from the sun while preparing the meals." } ] }, { "id": "b-3bf81daea05ff9187971363b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/1/1/5/83/0", "start": 22037, "end": 22724 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Feeding schedules are: breakfast at 9:00 AM, one cup of tea per individual with a small piece of kicha; Lunch at 12:00 noon that is made up of kicha and lentils soup which is extremely diluted that we used to drink it; dinner at 6:30 one cup of tea, small kicha and lentil soup. It was a normal phenomenon to see people disputing, quarrelling, stampedind and fighting for food as a result of the acute shortage. Also there was no way people can access food from the market or from relatives because it was banned. 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null, "date": null } } } ], "alias_ids": [ "a6e46a6f99188c1e4951c637" ], "related": [], "pdf": null }, { "id": "doc-a796a63d19326d7e3b423e24", "href": "/testmony-v2/doc-a796a63d19326d7e3b423e24/", "kind": "html", "title": "ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ኤርትራ ንዘለዉ እሱራት ንምዝካር ዝዓለመ’ዩ ብ ይርጋኣለም ፍስሃ ዝቀረበ ጽሑፍ", "original_title": "ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ኤርትራ ንዘለዉ እሱራት ንምዝካር ዝዓለመ’ዩ ብ ይርጋኣለም ፍስሃ ዝቀረበ ጽሑፍ", "title_provenance": { "policy": "ehrea-display-titles-v1", "method": "preserved-source-title" }, "editorial_title": false, "title_review_required": false, "alternate_titles": [ "ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ኤርትራ ንዘለዉ እሱራት ንምዝካር ዝዓለመ’ዩ ብ ይርጋኣለም ፍስሃ ዝቀረበ ጽሑፍ" ], "language": "ti", "author": null, "byline": null, "byline_role": null, "date": null, "metadata_evidence": [], "text": "ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ኤርትራ ንዘለዉ እሱራት ንምዝካር ዝዓለመ’ዩ ብይርጋኣለም ፍስሃ ዝቀረበ ጽሑፍ:: 1.እታ ብኣራዊት እትምራሕ ኤርትራ፡ ዓይነ-ብርካ እንክትስእን! *** *** *** (እዚ ኣብዚ ቅንያት ብተኸታታሊ ዝቐርብ ዘሎ ጽሑፍ ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ኤርትራ ንዘለዉ እሱራት ንምዝካር ዝዓለመ’ዩ። ብንባብን ብዝኽርን ክትሓብሩኒ እትስፎ።) ሕግን ፍትሕን ኣብ ዝተረግጸሉ ሃገር፡ ንመጭወይቲ ዝኣመሰሉ ሓደጋታት ምስ እትቃላዕ፡ መኣስ ትወጽእ፡ እንታይ ይስዕብ… ምግማት ኣይክኣልን። ስለ ዝዀነ፡ እዞም ሎሚ ንዝክሮም ኣኣብ ዓውዶም ተጠቀስቲ ዝነበሩ ዜጋታትና፡ ገና ኣብቲ ጸልማት እናሃለዉ፡ ኣነ ካብቲ ህይወት ወጺኤስ፡ ኣብ ውሑስ ቦታ ኰይነ ብዛዕብኦም ክጽሕፍ ዝግመት ኣይነበረን። ኣብ ሓሊበት ቀጽሪ ፕሪዝን ዋርድ፡ ካብ ዝድቅስ ንፈለማየይ ናብ ግዳም ዝወጻእኩላ ረፍዲ፡ ምስ ካልኦት ከይተረኣኣና ጽሓይ ናብ ንጽለወሉ ወገን ክጥወ ቁሩብ ምስ ተረፈኒ፡ ንምንቅስቓስ ኣብቲ ቀጽሪ ዘወር ምስ ዝብል ዝነበረ እሱር ተጋጢምና። “ይርጋኣለም ፍስሃ ማለት ንስኺ ዲኺ፧” ብኣዝዩ ትሑት ድምጺ። “እወ” ዳርጋ ብትሕቲ መልሓሰይ። “ኣጆኺ’ዛ ጓለይ! ኣጆኺ!” ክሳብ ንተሓላለፍ ልዕሊዚ ምዝርራብ ይክኣል ኣይነበረን። ይኹን ግን፡ ምሉእ ስመይ ጠቒሱ ሞራል ብዛዕባ ዝሃበኒ ሰብ፡ ገለ ክፈልጥ ደለኹ። ብድሕሪት ተጠውየ፡ ናይ ንድቅሰሉ ክፍሊታት ፍኒስትራ ኳሕኳሕኩ - ናብ ብጾተይ። “ካምቻ፡ ብላዕሊ ከኣ ጅለ ጃኬት ዝተኸድነ፡ ቆብዕ ዝገበረ፡ በዓል ኦክያለ ሰብኣይ፡ ኣብዚ ደገ ዝንቀሳቕስ ዘሎ መን’ዩ፧” ሓተትኩ። “ዶክተር ክፍሉ’ዩ ዝኸውን” ንምርግጋጽ ካልእ ተወሰኽቲ ነጥብታት ምስ ሓተተኒ፡ እቲ ኣዋርሕ ዝደቀሰ እሱር’ዩ መሊሱለይ። “ኣይትፈልጥዮን ዲኺ፧ ዶ/ር ክፍሉ ናይ ዩኒቨርስቲ መምህር’ዩ ነይሩ። ብዙሕ ዓመታት ገይሩ’ሎ ካብ ዝእሰር...” ኣብ ሳልስቱ ተመሳሳሊ ዕድል ረኺብና፡ ቀዲመን ተጠንቂቐን “ዶክተር” ርእሰይ ጠቒሰ ሰላም ኢለዮ። ሕክምናኡ ምውድኡን ክወስድዎ ምዃኖምን ነጊሩ፡ ቻው ዝብለሉ ብጾተይ ጠቒሱ ንዓይ’ውን ተሰናቢቱኒ። ኣብ ዝሰዓበ ግዜ፡ ምስ ቀሺ ዶክተር ፍጹም ርእሱ ዝኸኣለ ጦብላሕታ፡ ምስ መም/ ወልዱ’ውን ኣቐንዛዊ (ንግዚኡ ክጽሕፎ ዘይክእል) ዝኽሪ ዘለዎ ኣጋጣሚታት ረኺበ ነይረ። እቲ ንዕኦም ኣኺሉ ንካልኦት ዝምቀል ሞራሎምን ብርታዔኦምን ክሳብ ሎሚ ምስኦም ክህሉ እትስፎ። *** *** *** ሓንቲ ሮቡዕ ዋርድያ “ኮሎክዮ” ከቐብለና ምስ መጸ፡ ተመላሲ ንህብ ተመሲልና ናብቶም ኣብ ግዳም ዝነበሩ እሱራት ኣማዕደና። ናብ ሓኪም ወይ ናብቲ ንሕና ዘለናዮ ክፍሊታት ቅድሚ ምእታው ኣብ ዘላ ጸባብ ኰረድዮ ሚዛን ነበረት። ገለ እሱራት እናተሰቕሉ ይምዘኑ ነበሩ። ሓደ ካብኦም ፋርማሲስት ሰናይ ክፍለየሱስ’ዩ። ከም ዝተኣስረ ፈሊጠ እንተ ዘይነብር፡ እቲ ቅድሚ ዓመታት ኣብ ቤት መግቢ ግደይ ሳንታኣንተንዮ ዝርኣኽዎ ምዕሩግን ቆማትን ሰብኣይ’ዩ ክብል ኣይምደፈርኩን። “ሓቂ ንሱ ድዩ፧” ሓቲተዮ ምሳይ ንዝነበረ እሱር። “እወ ንሱ ጽቡቕ ገይረ’ንድየ ዝፈልጦ” መሊሱለይ። “ሚኒስተር ኣስካሉ መንቀርዮስ ምስ’ተን፡ ንሳ ተገልግሎ ስርዓት ኣቦአን ዝመንጠለን ደቃ ብዛዕባዚ ኣርእስቲ እንታይ ተዕልል ትኸውን፧ ነቲ ዓመጽን ጥሕሰት ሕጊንከ እንታይ ተመኽንየሉ ትኸውን!፧” ሕቶይ ነበረ። *** *** *** ኣብ ፈለማ ኣዋርሕ 2011 ሓደ ምሸት፡ መጀር ብርሃነ (ወዲ ኸበደ)፡ ናብቲ ቀንዲ ተጸዋዒ ሓለዋና ዝነበረ ማና ካሕሳይ ደወለ። ምስ ዝዀነ እሱር ክትዛረብ ዘይፍቀዳ፡ ብጥንቃቐን ብምስጢርን ክትታሓዝ ዘለዋ ናይ ካልእ ቤት ማእሰርቲ እስርቲ ክትመጽእ ምዃና ሓቢሩ፡ ነጻ ዓራት ክዳሎ ኣዘዘ። ዳርጋ ደቂስና ኢና ነይርና። ኩላትና ነቓሕና። ነጻ ዓራት ንኽርከብ ክልተ ሰባት ክደራረቡ ነበሮም። ንዓኣ ሒዞም ዝመጹ ሓለዋ ክዕዘብዎ ዘይንደልዮ ነገራት ከነወጋግን’ውን ነበረና። ቢቲቢቶ ኣተወና። “መን ትኸውን፧” ዝብል ሕቶ ኣልዓልና። ሓያለይ ዝተፈላለየ ግምታት ወሓዘ። ኣስቴር ዮሃንስ ወይ ሰናይት ደበሳይ ክትከውን ትኽእል’ያ ኣብ ዝብል ድማ ዓለብና። ኣብ ትጽቢት ፍርቂ ለይቲ ሓለፈ። ኣይደቀስናን። ግዜ ግን ደው ኣይበለን። ወግሐ። ኣይመጸትን! ንገለ ግዜ ምስ ሰናይት ተኣሲራ ምንባራ ምስ ዝነገረትኒ ሰብ 2012 ተራኺብና። ኩነታት ሰናይት ሓቲተያ። መጥባሕቲ መዓናጡ ከም ዝገበረት፡ ድሕሪ መጥባሕቲ ብቐጥታ ናብ ካርሸሊ ከም ዝተወስደት፡ ብሰንኪ ዘለዋ ጥዕናዊ ጸገም ብማይ ጥራይ ዝተጠጠቐ ሓምሊ ቈስጣ ከም ትምገብ ነጊራትኒ። ብዛዕባ ተቐጥቂጦም ኣብ ሸላ ዝተዓጽዉ፡ ዝሰንከሉ፡ ህይወቶም ዝሰኣኑ እሱራት ዛንታ ኣለኒ። ካብ ክፍሊ መጥባሕቲ ብቐጥታ ናብ ሸላ፡ ክሰምዕ ግን ንፈለማየይ ነይሩ። ነታ ኣብ ግዜ ቁልዕነተይ፡ ኣብ ብዙሕ ናይ ገድሊ ደርፍታት ጊታራ ሒዛ ምርኣያ ባህ ትብለኒ ዝነበረት ሰናይት፡ 2008 ኣብቲ ቦታ ተኣሲሩ ዝነበረ ፈላጥየይ “ብዓይነይ ክርእያ ኣይከኣልኩን ግን ክትደርፍ’ያ ትውዕል” ኢሉኒ ነይሩ። እዚ ክልተ በበይኑ ሓበሬታታት ዝሰነደ ርእሰይ፡ እናደረፈት ድዩ እናተቕቀንዘወት’ዩ ክስእላ ዝኽእል፧! “… ክነፍርዶ ደቀይ ዑፍ መሲለ ክንሳፈፍ ኣብ ቀላይ ዓሳ’ቢለ ክጋልብዶ ፈረስ ተቐይረ ክዞራ’ዛ ዓደይ ሓጎስ ጸይረ (2)…” ደርፋ፡ ደርፊ ንእስነታ፡ ክትዝክሮ ከላ እንታይ ይስምዓን እንታይከ ትብልን ትኸውን፧ 2018 ሓንቲ ካብ ደቃ ኣብ ሓደ ገዛ ጎፍ ኢላትኒ። ከዕልላ ደልየ ነይረ። ግና እንታይ ምባል ከም ዝሕሸኒ ሰኣን ምውሳነይ፡ ወላ ሓንቲ ክብል ኣይከኣልኩ። እቲ ስልጣንን ሰይጣንነትን ዝማእመኦ ኣቦኣ (ኣምበሳደር በየነ ርእሶም) ብዛዕባ ኣዲኣ እንታይ ኢልዋ ከም ዝፈልጥ ክሰምዕ ግን ምደለኹ። (ይቕጽል) · 2.‘ሕጊ ኣብ መቓብር፡ ንእስነት ኣብ ሸላ’ *** *** *** (እዚ ኣብዚ ቅንያት ብተኸታታሊ ዝቐርብ ዘሎ ጽሑፍ ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ኣብያተ ማሕዩር ኤርትራ ንዘለዉ እሱራት ንምዝካር ዝዓለመ’ዩ። ብንባብን ብዝኽርን ክትሓብሩኒ እዕድም) ናብታ “ኩነታት ጥዕንኦም ምክትታል የድልዮ’ዩ” ተባሂሉ፡ ብሓካይም ማይ-ስርዋ ዝተኣምነሎም እሱራት ዝድቅሱላ ክልኒክ ተቐይረ ነይረ። ካብ ስድራቤት ዝተላእከ ዘናቢል፡ ሕክምና ዝኸዱ እሱራ… ዝሓዛ መካይን ካብ ፋዱስ ክሳብ ሰዓት ክልተ’የን ዝድሃያ'ሞ ካብዚ ወጻኢ ድምጺ መኪና ምስማዕ ኣቓልቦ ኩሉና’ዩ ዝስሕብ። ምምጻእ መርመርቲ፡ ሓደሽቲ እሱራት፡ ምናልባት ከኣ ምውጻእ ናይ ገለ ዕድለኛታት ክኸውን ስለ ዝኽእል። ተጣቢብና ናብ ኣንፈት እንዳ መርመርቲ ምቁማት ድማ ኣይተርፍን። “ሰላም፡ መሳርሕትኺ ተኣሲሮም ኣለዉ። ትፈልጥዮ ሰብ ኣይስኣንን’ዩ ነዞም ዋርድያ ሕተትዮም” ኢለያ ንመዳቕስተይ። “ስራሕና፧ ከመይ ፈሊጥኪ፧” ሓቲታትኒ። “እሱራት መጺኦም ኣለዉ። መብዛሕትኦም ፓይሎት’ዮም ይብሉ’ለዉ'ቶም ኣባላት” “ናይ ልብኺ ዲኺ፧” ሰሓቕ ኣቐዲማ ሓቲታትኒ። “ሓቀይ’የ” ከሰንብዳ እናተጸበኹ ምስሓቓ ምድንጋር ፈጠረለይ። “ፓይለት ማለት መን ድዮም፧ ኣስገርቲ!” በለትኒ። ኣስገርቲ ፓይለት ተባሂሎም ከም ዝጽውዑ ቦኹሪ እዝነይ ነበረ። ምስ ሰላም፡ ኣብ መርመራ ብኣባትር ምስ ሰንከልና፡ ክንተሓጋገዝ ተባሂሉ’ዩ፡ ኣብ ሓንቲ ክፍሊ ኰንና። ብዙሕ ግዜ ከኣ፡ ክወድቕ ከለኹ ኣተንሲኣትኒ፡ ክትደክም ከላ’ውን ተደጊፋትኒ’ያ። ቅንይ ኢሉ ኣብ ዕራርቦ እሱር ዝሓዘት መኪና መጺኣ። ቢንያም (ወዲ ሴዳው) ተባሂሉ ዝጽዋዕ ኣባል ቤት ጽሕፈት ዓዲ ኣበይቶ’ዩ። ኣማዕዲና፡ ጥራሕ እግሩ ድዩ፡ ወይስ ኣእዳዉ’ዩ ብፌሮ ተኣሲሩ ከነለሊ 'ናፈተንና ናብ ሸነኽ ኰንቴነር ተወሲዱ። ንከባቢ 8 ኣዋርሕ ድማ ተኣሲሩ። ንገለ ካብቶም ብጉጅለ 7 ዝፍለጡ እሱራት፡ ደረቕ መግቢ (ጥሕኒ፡ ጸባ፡ ተምሪ… ዝኣመሰለ) ክኣትዎም ስለ ዘፍቀደ ወይ ሸለል ስለ ዝበለ ምዃኑ ሰማዕና። እቶም እሱራት’ውን ተፈቲሾም ኣብ ኢዶም ዝጸንሐ ደረቕ መግቢ ከም ዝተሓደጉን ብኸመይ ከም ዝመጾም ብምሕታት ከም ዝተኸላበቱን ኣባላት ነጊሮሙና። ግንቦት 2010 ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ-ስርዋ ስርሒት “ፕሪዝን ብሬክ” ምስ ኣጋጠመ፡ ነቶም ከየምልጡ የስግኡ’ዮም ኢሎም ዝሓስብዎም እሱራት ካብ ኰንተነር ናብ ሸላ ኣምጺኦሞም። ሽዑ ድማ’የ ነዞም ንዓመታት ካብ ኢዶም ፌሮ ዘይተፈልዮም መንእሰያት ክርእዮምን ክፈልጦምን ዝኸኣልኩ። 2007 ኣብ ኣስመራ ዓብላሊ ኣርእስቲ ምስ ዝነበረ ፈተነ ቅትለት ኮ/ል ስምኦን ገ/ድንግል ብዝትሓሓዝ ናብ’ዚ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ምስ ተወስዱ ክሳብ ሕጂ ኣብኡ’ለው። ኣብቲ ዝተኣስርሉ ግዜ ካብ መፋርቕ 20ታት ክሳብ ፈለማ 30ታት ዕድመ ከም ዝነበሮም እግምት። እዞም 7 መንእሰያት፡ ንእስቲ ጉጅለ ናይታ ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ሰሙን ዝተጠቕሱ፡ ነጋዶን ኣባላት ፖሊስን ጸጥታን ዝርከብዋ ዓባይ ጉጅለ እሱራት ማይ-ስርዋ ዘቑሙ’ዮም። 1. ሰሎሞን ዘርኣይ 2. ተኽለ ይስሃቕ 3. ጸጋይ (ሰራሕተኛ ባንኪ ነበር) 4. ሕሩይ (ኣባል ፖሊስ ነበር) 5. ኣስገዶም ገ/ሚካኤል (ዓዲ ንፋስ) 6. ተስፋኣለም (ኣውቲስታ መ/ ጀነራል ውጩ ነበር) 7. ተስፋኣለም (ኣውቲስታ ብ/ጀነራል ቀያሕታይ ነበር) ኣብ ሸላታት ማይ-ስርዋ፡ ኣእዳዎም ብፌሮ ተኣሲረን ሓንቲ መዓልቲ ከይተፈትሓ 13 ዓመታት ኣቑጺሮም ኣለዉ። እቲ ኣብ ዙርያ ሸላታት ብዝተዃነየ መንደቕ ዝተኸተለ ቀጽሪ ክልተ ኣፍ ደገታት’ዩ ዘለዎ። ንደቡብ ብእተውጽእ ኣፍ ደገ ዓይኒ-ምድሪ፡ ንሰሜን ብእተውጽእ ኣፍ ደገ ድማ ‘ሕክምና’ ይርከብ። ሸላይ፡ ሸላ ቁጽሪ 22 ድማ ኣብ ጥቓ እዛ ናብ ሕክምና እተውጽእ ኣፍ ደገ’ያ ዝነበረት። ስለ'ዚ “መን ተጸሊእዎ፡ መን ሕሽዎ፡ መን ከይዱ መን ተመሊሱ፧” ምክትታል ሓደ ካብ መዓልታዊ ናይ መዘናግዒን መሕለፊ ግዜን ንጥፈታተይ ነበረ። እዞም መንእሰያት ድማ ሳሕቲ ናብታ ሕክምና ክሓልፉ እርእዮም ነበርኩ። ንዝለዓለ ሕክምና ናብ ሓሊበት ኰነ ኦሮታ ከይዶም ክረኣዩ ግን ኣጋጢሞሙኒ ኣይፈልጡን። ኣብታ ክንዲ ዓራት ዝስፍሓታ፡ ክንዲ ቁመት ሰብ ዝልዕለታ ሸላ ንኽንድኡ ዓመታት፡ ብዘይ ሕጋዊ ፍርዲ፡ ኣእዳዎም ብፌሮ ተኣሲሩ፡ ብዘይ ሕክምናዊ ኣገልግሎት፡ ብዘይ ጥዑይን እኹልን መግቢ… ክነብሩ፡ ክሳብ ክንደይ ከም ዝኸብድ፡ ክሳብ ክንደይ ከም ዝመርር… ንምግማት፡ ነብስና ንደቓይቕ ኣብ ቦታኦም ኣእቲና ምሕሳብ ጥራይ ኣኻሊ’ዩ። ዝዀነ ነገር ካብ ስድራቤት ክመጾም ስለ ዘይፍቀዶም፡ ነቲ ኣፍንጫኻ ዓጺኻካ ናብ ኣፍካ ከተብጽሖ ዘለካ ኣስካሕካሒ መግቢ እቲ ቤት ማእሰርቲ፡ ብዘይለውጢ ንዓመታት ክምገብዎ ይግደዱ። እቲ ሽሉ (ናይቲ መዓስከር ህብብቲ ከልቢ) “ሽሉ ናይ እሱራት መግቢ ኣይትበልዕን’ያ። ቅርብ ኣይትብሎን’ያ።” እናተባህለ ዝዝረበሉ መግቢ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ-ስርዋ! ኩሉ ግዜ ኣብ ርእሰይ ዝመላለስ ሕቶ፡ “እዞም ሰባት ኣብ ሕጊ ምስ ዝቐርቡ፡ ጉዳዮም ምስ ዝምርመር፡ ክትንከፍ ዝኽእል በዓል ግዜ (በዓል ስልጣን) መን ይኸውን፧! መን ምእንቲ ከይቃላዕ’ዩ እዞም ሰባት ኣብ ሕጊ ክቐርቡ ዘይተደልየ፧” ዝብል’ዩ። (ይቕጽል) 3.ብኩራት ሕጊ ንሃገርን ዜጋታታን ብሓንሳብ እንከዕኑ! *** *** *** (እዚ ኣብዚ ቅንያት ብተኸታታሊ ዝቐርብ ጽሑፍ ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ኤርትራ ንዘለዉ እሱራት ንምዝካር ዝዓለመ’ዩ። ኣብ ቀዳማይ ክፋል፡ ልዕሊ 12 ዓመታት ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ ስርዋ ናይ ዝርከቡ ኣስማት ክዝርዘር’ዩ። ኣብ ዝቕጽላ ክፋላት ድማ፡ ብመጠኑ ዕሙቕ ዝበለ ዝኽረይ ከካፍል ክፍትን’የ። ብንባብን ብዝኽርን ክትሓብሩኒ እትስፎ።) ኣብቲ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ክሳብ ዝነበርኩሉ ግዜ፡ ሰለስተ ዓበይቲ ጉጅለታት ነይረን። (እዚ ነተን ብጉዳይ ስግረ-ዶብ ዝተኣስራ ጉጅለታት ኣየጠቓልልን።) እዘን ጉጅለታት’ምበኣር ነፍሲ ወከፈን 20ታትን ልዕሊኡን ቁጽሪ ኣባላት ይሓቑፋ ነይረን። እታ ሽማግለታት ኣቦታትን ኣዴታትን ዝነብረዋ፡ ብደቂ ኣንስትዮ ዝተዓብለለት ዓባይ ጉጅለ፡ ዳርጋ ናይ መወዳእታ ዝተባህሉ ኣባላታ ኣብ መበል 10ይ ዓመት ማእሰርቶም ግንቦት 2017 ክልቀቑ ከለዉ፡ ኣሕዋተን ንክልተ ካብተን ኣዴታት ኣበይ ከም ዝኣተዉ ብግልጺ ኣይፍለጥን። ኣብ ሸላ ቁጽሪ 55 ዓመታት ዝተቐየደ እስቲፋኖስ ናይ ኣእምሮ ጸገም ገይሩ ኣብ ጎደና ወጺኡ። ሃብተጽዮን ዝስሙ ፖሊስ ምስዛ ጉጅለ ተኣሲሩ፡ ምስኣ ስለ ዘይተለቐቐ ግን ን 13 ዓመታት ኣእዳዉ ብፌሮ ተኣሲሩ ኣብ ሸላ ይርከብ። ነጋዶ፡ ኣባላት ፖሊስን ጸጥታን፡ ካልኦት መንእሰያትን ትጥርንፍ ኣዝያ ዓባይ ጉጅለ ድማ’ላ። 5 ካብ ኣባላታ ኣብ ክራማት 2011 ተፈቲሖም። 4 ዓመት ድሕሪ ምእሳሩ ኣብ ሆስፒታል ሓሊበት ዝዓረፈ ኮ/ል ገብረእዝጋብሄር ገብረሚካኤል (ወዲ ገሬ) ኣባል እዛ ጉጅለ ነይሩ። ሓደ ካብቶም ቀዲሞም ዝተፈትሑ ድማ 2014 ደጊሙ ተኣሲሩ ኣብ ማይ-ስርዋ ይርከብ። ሳልሰይቲ እታ ኣነ ዝነበርክዋ፡ “እንዳ ዜና” ብዝብል ስም ትጽዋዕ ዝነበረት፡ 26 ኣባላታ ኣብ ክልተ እብረ ዝወጻእና ጉጅለ’ያ። ብጉዳይ ስግረ-ዶብ ዝተታሕዙ ካብ መወዳእታ 2009 ዝያዳ ድማ ድሕሪ 2010 ዝተኣስሩ፡ ብጉጅለን ብውልቅን ኣዝዮም ብዙሓት እሱራት ኣብዚ መዓስከር ኣለዉ። ገለ ካብዚኣቶም ድሒሮም ናብ ዓላን ዓዲ ኣበይቶን ተወሲዶም ኣብ ተመሳሳሊ ህይወት ዘለዉ’ዮም። ኣብታ ንሓደ ሰብ’ውን ዘይእኽልቲ፡ ክልተ ብክልተ ሜትሮ ዝዀነት ሸላ ክሳብ ሰለስተ ሰባት ተዓጽዮም ምህላዎም ሰሚዐ’ለኹ። ከመይ ይነብሩ ምህላዎም ክስእሎ ይኸብደኒ። ንሎሚ ገጽ ቤት ፍርዲ ከይርኣዩ ልዕሊ 12 ዓመታት ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይስርዋ ተሓይሮም ብዝተፈላለዩ ሕማማትን ስንክልናን ዝሳቐዩ ዘለዉ እሱራት ክዝርዝር’የ። 1. ኮ/ ሰሎሞን ብርሃነ (ምምሕዳርን ፋይናንስን ፖሊስ ኤርትራ ነበር) 2. ኮ/ ኣስመሮም ገ/ወልዲ (ወዲ ገረወልዲ፡ ሓላፊ ምክልኻል ገበን ነበር) 3. ኮ/ ጎይትኦም ገ/ስላሴ (ወዲ በኺት፡ ሓላፊ ገበን መርመራ ነበር) 4. ሌ/ኮ/ ኢሰያስ ዮሴፍ (ወዲ ዮሴፍ) 5. መጀር ተስፋልደት ኢያሱ 6. መጀር ፍረዝጊ ሃብታይ 7. ተለ/ ተኪኤ ገ/ሂወት 8. ተስፋኣለም መንግስተኣብ (ነጋዳይ) 9. ዘርኢጋብር ገብረሂወት (ነጋዳይ) 10. ቦኽረ መብራህቱ (ነጋዳይ) 11. ኢንጅነር ዳዊት ሃብተማርያም 12. ጆሜትራ ማቲዎስ ሃብተማርያም 13. መጀር ጎይትኦም ኣርኣያ (ወዲ ቢኒ፡ 2011 ተፈቲሑ 2014 ደጊሙ ዝተኣስረ) 14. ጸጋይ፡ ሕሩይ፡ ተስፋኣለም (2)፡ ተኽለ፡ ኣስገዶም፡ ሰሎሞን (ኣብ ካልኣይ ክፋል ናይዚ ጽሑፍ ዕሙቕ ብዝበለ ክጥቀሱ’ዮም) 15. ሃብተጽዮን ገ/ሚካኤል (ኣባል ፖሊስ ኰይኑ ካብታ ሽማግለታት ኣቦታትን ኣዴታትን ዝነብርዋ ጉጅለ ዝተረፈ) 16. ሓጎስ (2008 ካብ ግብጺ ከም ዝምለሱ ካብ ዝተገብሩ ኰይኑ፡ ካብ መማጽእቱ ተጨውዩ ናብ ማይ-ስርዋ ዝተወስደ) ሕጊ፡ ንሃገር ዓንዳ፡ ንስድራቤት ጸግዓ፡ ንዜጋ ድማ ዋሕሱ’ዩ’ሞ፡ ብኩራት ሕጊ ንኩሉ’ዩ ዘዕኑ። ክንዲ ዝዀነ እዞም እሱራት ዘሕልፍዎ ህይወት ጥራይ ዘይኰነ፡ ደቆም፡ ኣሕዋቶም፡ መጻምድቶም፡ ወለዶም፡ ቤተሰቦም፡ ቀረብቶም… ንስሙ ደኣ ኣይተኣስሩን ይብሃሉ’ምበር፡ ብናብራ፡ ብጓሂን ሻቕሎትን ኣብ ዝባኖም ዝወርድ መግረፍቲ፡ ኣብ ልቦም ዝህሉ ስንብራት’ውን ኣካል ናይቲ ኣብ ዜጋታት ኤርትራ ዝወርድ ዘሎ ከቢድ ዓመጽ’ዩ። (ይቕጽል) · 4.‘ንምስትንታን’ ** ** ** “...ኣብዛ ትርእይዋ ዘለኹም ገዛ ሓደ ተባዕታይ ከልቢ ጥራይ’ዩ ዘሎ። . . . ኣቦኦም’ኳ ብጓሂ’ዩ ሞይቱ፡ እምበር ኣየናይ ሓዳሪ ሕማም ደኣ ነይርዎ፧” ኣቦይ ቀቢጸዮ’ኳ እንተነበርኩ፡ ኣብ ሞቱ’ውን ብተዘዋዋሪ ግደ ከም ዝነበረኒ ብወዝቢ ኣደይ ኣንፈሰትለይ። “ሕጂ ደኣ መን ይሓርሰልክን፧” ዕላል ናብ ካልእ ንምምእዛን ጓል ሃይለ ሓተተት። “ኣሕሞትሙተይ። ሓንሳብ ከኣ ብወፈራ ዓዲ አሕርስ።” ስቕታ! ሽቑረራ! ... (ገጽ ኣደይ) *** “እዚ ካፕተን ዝብሎ ዘሎ ሓቁ’ዩ። ንሱ ልዕሌና ተመክሮ ባሕሪ ስለ ዘለዎ መላሲ ኣውያት ከነትርፍ እቶም ክብደት ወሲኽና ዘለና እንተ ገደፍና ዝሓሸ’ዩ።” “ብኸመይ እሞ ዝጥሕሉ ከነለሊ፧” “ዕጫ ነውድቕ!” “ዕጫ ደኣ ኣይከውንን’ዩ። ካፕተን ባዕሉ ነቶም ክጥሕሉ ዝግብኦም ይርቋሕ” “እንታዋይ ኰይኑ’ዩ ዝመውትን ዝድሕንን ንሱ ዝረቚሓና” (ማዕበል ህይወት) *** “ኣነ ግን ናብ ኮንፈረንስ ክኸይድ እኮ’የ ኣብዚ ኣዕሪፈ ዘለኹ። ኣብዚ ክነብር ኣይኮንኩን መጺኤ። እንታይ ዝኸውን ስራሕከ ክሰርሕ፧” “ንሱስ ድሓን ቀስ ኢልካ ክትለምዶ ኢኻ። ሕጂ ቀዳምነት እዛ ሒዝካያ መጺእካ ዘለኻ ላፕቶፕ ሽጣ። ...መንእሰይ ስለ ዘለኻ’ውን ኣብዚ ናይ ጉልበት ስራሕ ትስእን ኣይመስለንን።” “ኣነ ግን ንኮንፈረንስ...” “ሰሚዐካ’ኳ ቶማስ። ኣነስ ኣብ ዓደይ ኣብ ዩኒቨርሲቲ እንድየ ዝምህር ነይረ። ምናላባት ካብዚ ብሰላም ናብ ዓደይ እንተ ተመሊሰ ስርሐይ እቕጽሎ እኸውን።...” (ትራንዚት) *** “ካልእ ስለ ዘየሎ” 16 ዛንታታት ሓቚፋ ኣብ 2020 ንማሕተም ዝበቐዐት መጽሓፍ’ያ። ኣመና ሓጸርቲ፡ ማእከሎትን ብመጠኑ ንውሕ ዝበሉን ዛንታት ኣካቲታ ትርከብ። ውህሉል ትዕዝብቲ፡ ምስትብሃል፡ ምስትንታን... ዝፈጠሮም ዛንታታት’ዮም ክብል እደፍር። ኣብ’ቶም ነቲ ዛንታ ዝጸወሩን ዘሰንዩን ጠባያት ግርም ገይሩ ተንጸባሪቑ’ሎ። ነቲ ኣብ ኣጸሓሕፋ ሓጺር ዛንታ ዝዝውተር፡ ከም ሓፈሻዊን ቀንድን ባእታታት ሓጺር ዛንታ’ውን ዝፍለጥ፡ ግርጭት፡ ምንጥልጣል፡ ኣፈታትሓ ግርጭት... ጎስያ፡ ነቲ ንግዳማዊ ትርኢት (ምከና ኰነ ጠባያት) ንምግላጽን ምቅንጃውን ዝግበር ሃልኪ ወጊዳ፡ ውጽእ ብዝበለ ኣመለኻኽታ ዝተጻሕፈት ኰይና ረኺበያ። ብግልጺ ዘይንብሎም ገለ ግዜ’ውን ዘይንእመነሎም፡ ኣብ ኣዋጣሪ መድረኻት ንኾኖ፡ ምስ ነብስና ንብሃሃሎ...፡ ፈለማ ተዓብዒቡ፡ ድሓር ድማ ኣብ ውሽጥና ተሰትዩ ዝተርፍ ስምዒታት፡ ብዓቢ ትኹረት ከም ዝተዓየሉ ብዘርኢ ኩነት ግልጽልጽ ኢሉ ተራእዩኒ። ስምዒታቶም ተነጊሩና ዘይኰነ ክንርእዮ ስለ ዝተገብረ ከኣ ብልጫኣ’ዩ። ቁጥብነት፡ ናብ ዛዕባኻ ምትኳር፡ ብትረኻን ዝርርባትን መለሳ ዝፈጠረ ኣዘናትዋ፡ ብዓቢኡ ከኣ ኣብ ስምዒትን ስነ-ኣእምሮኣዊ ኩነታትን ጠባያት ብምእታዉ፡ ኣንባቢ፡ ነብሱ ኣካል‘ቲ ዛንታ ገይሩ ክርእያ ዝድርኹ፡ ንስምዒትን ሓሳባትን ጠባያቶም ኣድሚቖም ዘርእዩ ዛንታት እቶም ዝበዝሑ’ዮም ኢለ እሓስብ። ፍርሐይ፡ ሻቕሎተይ፡ ናፍቖተይ፡ ቃንዛይ፡ ተመክሮይ፡ ብዓቢኡ ዛንታ ወለዶይ፡ ብቐንዱ ምስሊ ሃገረይ ኣብዛ መጽሓፍ ረኺበዮ። ግዜን ቦታን እቶም ዛንታት ብዘየገድስ፡ ህይወት ኣብ ዙርያ ዓውደ ውግእ፡ ስደት፡ ጉዕዞ፡ ትጽቢትን ክውንነትን፡ ዝምድናታት፡ ንእስነት፡ ወለዶ፡ ስድራቤት፡ ዓዲ፡ መሬት፡ ሃገር... መለሳ ብዝፈጥር ግን ድማ ንምስትንታን ብዝድርኽ መንገዲ ቀሪቦም ኣለዉ። ምልሶት፡ ድሮ ተበገስ፡ ገጽ ኣደይ፡ ማዕበል ህይወት፡ ትራንዚት... እቲ ዝርዝር ይቕጽል። · 5. 10 ዓመታት ኣብ ሸላ ብዘይ ሕጋዊ ፍርዲ! *** *** *** ካብ 2007 ክሳብ 2017 ኣብ ዝነበረ 10 ዓመታት፡ ብዝዀነ ይኹን ምኽንያት (ተኣሲሩ ወይ ሓለዋ ኰይኑ) ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ-ስርዋ ረጊጹ ዝፈልጥ ሰብ፡ ብዛዕባ’ዘን ኣደታት ዝውስኾ ኣይስኣንን። ብውሕዱ ከም ዝዝክረን ርግጸኛ’የ። ወ/ሮ በላይነሽ መስፍን ወ/ሮ ስላስ ነጋሽ ወ/ሮ ኣብርሀት እምባየ (ብዛዕባ ኣብርሀት ኣብ ናይ ዝሓለፈ ሰሙን ጽሑፍ ተገሊጹ’ሎ) ወ/ሮ በላይነሽ እታ ዝበዝሐ ዓመታት ማእሰርታ ኣብ ሸላ ቁጽሪ 36 ዘሕለፈት ኣደ፡ ኣብ ክሊ ዕድመ መወዳእታ 60ታት ክሳብ መጀመርታ 70ታት ምንባራ እግምት። ንኽርእያ ዕድል ዝረኽበሉ ዝነበርኩ ሰዓታት ሽንቲ’ዩ። ክልቲኤን ኣእዳዋ ብፌሮ ዝተኣስራ ነበራ። ‘እዛ ሽማግለ ኣደ፡ ብፌሮ ተኣሲራ፡ ኣብ ሸላ ተዓጽያ እንታይ እናበለት፡ እንታይ እናገበረት ትውዕል ትኸውን፧’ ዝብሉ ሕቶታት እታ ሸላ ኣፍ ኣውጺኣ ትምልሰሉ ግዜ ክመጽእ’ዩ። ክዝክራ ከለኹ ቀዲሙ ናብ ኣእምሮይ ዝመጽእ ግን፡ ኣብ እዋን ሽንቲ፡ ነተን ብፌሮ ዝተጠምራ ክልተ ኣእዳዋ ኣደጋጊፋ፡ ሽንቲን ረሳሕ ማይን ተጠራቕመሉ ጀሪካን ተሰኪማ ንኽትጉሕፍ፡ ተሕልፎ ዝነበረት ቃልሲ’ዩ። እዚ ምርኢት’ዚ ፈጺመ ክርስዖ ኣይክእልን'የ። ኣብ እዋን መርመራ ኣብ ኣካላታ በትሪ ከዕልብ፡ ኣብ ኣእዳዋ ድማ ፌሮ ክኣስር ቅጭጭ ዘይብሎ ሰብ ግን፡ ከመይ ዝበለት ኣደ ዘዕበየቶ ይኸውን፧! ብዛዕባ’ቶም ኣእዳዎም (ገለ’ውን እንተላይ ኣእጋሮም) ብፌሮ ዝተኣስሩ እሱራት ምሕሳብ ዓቕለይ የጽብበለይ ነበረ። ሓደ መዓልቲ፡ ካብ መንጸፈይ መሸማዕ መዚዘ ብምትታዕ ቀጢን ገመድ ሰራሕኩ። ተጻጊመ ክልቲኤን ኣእዳወይ ኣሰርክወን። ንኹሉ እቲ መዓልታዊ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሸላን ኣብ እዋን ሽንትን ዘይተርፍ ንጥፈታት እሱራት በብሓደ ፈተንክዎ። ግና ከበደኒ። መተንፈሲ ኩሉ ስምዒታተይ ድማ ንብዓት ነበረ። *** *** *** ወ/ሮ ስላስ ነጋሽ ዝጠቡ ህጻን ዝርከቦም 4 ቈልዑ ገዲፋ ምስ ሓዋ (ኪዳነ)ን በዓል ቤታ (ተኪኤ)ን ዝተኣስረት ኣደ’ያ። ንስላስ ዝያዳ ቀሪበ ክረኽባ ዝኸኣልኩ ኣብ ሕክምና’ዩ። ሓንቲ ካብቶም ዓመታት ናብ ቅድስቲ ማርያም ሆስፒታል ኣእምሮ፡ ዝተመላለሱ እሱራት ማይ-ስርዋ’ያ። እናክርእያን ክረኽባን እቶም ዘይፈልጦም ደቃ ይስኣሉኒ ነበሩ። ንዕኦም ጠቒሰ ከየዘክራ ክጥንቀቕ ክብል ከኣ ብዛዕባኦም ካብ ምሕሳብ ቦዂረ ኣይፈልጥን። ስላስ ግና ዝያዳ ብዛዕባ’ቲ ምስኣ ምስ ተኣስረ ድሕሪ ቁሩብ ግዜ ደሃዩ ዝተሰወረ ሓዋ’ያ ትሓስብ ነይራ። “እዚ ሓወይሲ...” ብንብዓታ ትቕጽሎ። ኣብ ቀጽሪ ቅ/ማርያም ሆስፒታል ብወተሃደራት ተኸቢብና ኰፍ ኢልና ከለና፡ ኩነታት ጥዕንኣን ናብራ ሸላን ሓቲተያ። ኣይመለሰትለይን። ኣቓልቦኣ እቶም ካብ ካልኦት ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ዝመጹ እሱራትን ዋርድያታቶምን ወሲደሞ ነይሮም። “ስላስ” ተዳህየያ። “ከመይ ትዀኒ’ለኺ፧ ሸላ ከመይ ኣሎ፧ ክብለኪ ጸኒሐ” ድምጸይ ኣበርኽ ኣቢለዮ። “እውይ ዘይሰማዕኩኺ ናብዞም እሱራት’ንድየ ዝርኢ ዘለኹ። ሓወይ’ንድዩ ድሃዩ ጠፊኡኒ።” ኣዒንታን ግንባራን’ውን ይዛረቡ ነይሮም። ሸላኣ ዝሰተየቶ ንብዓት፡ ዝረኣየቶ ቁስሊን ዝሰምዓቶ እህህታን... ባዕላ ትፈልጦ። ምስ ስላስ ደጊምና ሓያሎ ግዜ ተራኺብና ኢና። እንተዀነ ምስ ስላስ ምዕላል ቀሊል ኣይኰነን። ኩሎም ኣርእስታት ቁስሊ’ዮም። ውሽጣን ደጊኣን’ውን ቁስሊ’ዩ። 2017 እሱር ንምብጻሕ ዓዲ ኣበይቶ ኣብ ዝኸድኩሉ፡ በጻሕቲ ሰዓት ክሳብ ዝኣክል ተሰሪዕና ነበርና። ኣብ ጥቓይ ምስ ዝነበረት ወግዒ ጀሚርና። ኣብ ዕላል፡ ገዛውታ ስለ ዝሓበረትኒ ብዛዕባ’ዛ ህጻናት ራሕሪሓ ዝተጨውየት ስድራ ተወኪሰያ። “እወ እፈልጦም። ተኣሲሮም ዘለዉ’ንድዮም።” መሊሳትለይ። “እቲ ጡብ ከይ ገደፈ፡ ኣዲኡ ዝተኣስረት ህጻን ከመይ ኣሎ፧” ካብ’ተን ወትሩ ዝመላለሳኒ ሕቶታት ሓቲተያ። “እቶም ክዛረቦም ዝጸናሕኩ ክልተ ቆልዑዶ ርኢኽዮም፧ እቲ ሓደ ንሱ’ዩ። መግቢ ከብጽሕ መጺኡ” ‘ናኣመልከተት። “እቲ ወለዱ ክእሰሩ ከለዉ ዝጠቡ ዝነበረ ህጻን፡ መግቢ እሱራት ወለዱ ከብጽሕ መጺኡ...፧!” ኣብ ርእሰይን ልበይን ሰፍ ዘይብል ነገር ዝወደቐ ጠዓመኒ። ነቲ ሽዑ ዝተሰምዓኒ፡ ሕጂ ብቃላት ከስፍሮ፣ ዝገልጸለይ ቃል ኣይረኸብኩን። ግንቦት 2017 ወ/ሮ በላይነሽ፡ ወ/ሮ ስላስ ምስ በዓል ቤታን ካልኦትን ኣብ 10 ዓመታት ማእሰርቶም፡ ጉዳዮም ብሕጊ ከይተራእየ፡ ካብ ሸላታት ማይስርዋ ተለቒቖም። ሻቕሎት ስላስ ብዛዕባ ሓዋ ግን ገና... ሕግን ፍትሕን ቀቢሩ፡ ስቓይ ደቂ ኣንስትዮን ዛንታ ስድራ-ቤታትን ጎስዩ፡ ብጓይላ ውሑዳትን ኹዳ ዓመጽትን ዝበዓል መዓልቲ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ ምርኣይስ ክሳብ መኣስ ኰን ይኸውን፧! · 6. ዛንታ ክልተ ኣብርሀት ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ-ስርዋ *** *** *** ኣብርሀት ቀጣንን ኣብርሀት እንባየን ይብሃላ። ኣብ እዋን ዕጥቃዊ ቃልሲ ኣንጻር መግዛእቲ፡ ኣብ ስዑዲ ዓረብ ኰይኑ ንሰውራ ዝሕግዝን ዝድግፍን ብዝነበረ ኤርትራዊ ኣዝየን ፍሉጣት ምንባረን ዕላል ኣለኒ። ካብ ሜዳ ናብ ስዑድያ ዝገሹ ዝነበሩ ኩሎም ሓለፍቲ ህ.ግ. መዕረፊኦም ቤተን ምንባሩ’ውን ክደጋግም ሰሚዐ’ለኹ። ክልቲኤን ኣብ ስደት ኰይነን ኩሉ ነገረን ምእንቲ ናጽነት ሃገረን ዝሃባ፡ ንሰውራ ከም ውላደን ዝራረዋን ዝተቓለሳን ደቂ-ኣንስትዮ’የን። ዕድመአንን ጸጋአንን ዝሃባላ ኤርትራ መጺኣ። ግዜ ሽምግልንአን ኣብ ዓደን ከሕልፋ ካብ ስደተን ተመሊሰን። ትጽቢትን ክውንነትን ስለ ዝተገማጠለ ግን ምስዘን ኣዴታት፡ ኣብ ወተሃደራዊ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ-ስርዋ ተራኺብና። ዝተኣሰራሉ ግዜ (2007) ኣብርሀት እምባየ ከባቢ 60 ኣብርሀት ቀጣን ድማ ከባቢ 70 ዓመት ዕድመ ነይርወን። ምስ ኣብርሀት እንባየ ለካቲት 2010 ኣብ ሆስፒታል ሓሊበት ኣብ ሓንቲ ዓራት ደቂስና ተሓኪምና። እቲ ኣብ መርመራ ዘሕለፈቶ ኣሰቃቒ ማህረምቲ በሰላኡ ገና ኣይሃሰሰን ነይሩ። ምስ ቃንዛኣ ድግድጊት ተዓጢቓ፡ “ንዒ ስፖርት ንስራሕ። ምስ ወጻእና ሓንከስከስ ከይንብል” ክትብለኒ ከላ ሞራላ ይድንጽወኒ ነይሩ። ለይቲ ዝሓለመቶ፡ ቀትሪ እናተርጎመት’ውን “ግዲ’ብልክን ለንቀነ ክንወጽእ ኢና” ብዝብል ተስፍኣ ተገርመኒ ነይራ። ካልእ ፈጺመ ዘይርስዖ፡ ካብ ዝነበራ ቁስሊን መቑሕን ዝኸበደ ሻቕሎት’ውን ነይርዋ። ምስኣ ዝተኣስረ’ሞ ድሕሪ ምጅማር መርመራ፡ ክትርእዮን ድሃዩ ክትረክብን ዘይከኣለት ንእሽቶ ሓዋ ነይሩ። “ናብ ካልእ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ግዲ ኣግዒዘሞስ ደሃዩ ስኢነ” ኢላትኒ - ብትካዘ። እዚ ካብ ትብለኒ 10 ዓመት ኰይኑ’ሎ። ሻቕሎታ ክሳብ ሎሚ ኣብ ቦታኡ’ሎ። *** *** *** ኣብርሀት ቀጣን በቲ ኣብ ደገ ኰንካ ክትሰምዖ ዘተሓሳስብ፡ ኣብቲ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኰንካ ግን ዘዛኒ፡ 'ኢላቶን ጌራቶን' ዝብሃል ዕላላት’የ ዝፈልጣ። ክትእሰር ከላ፡ ትእሰር ምህላዋ ኣይተረድኣን። ዓጅብዋ ዝመጸ ወተሃደር ኰንቴነር ከፊቱ፡ “እተዊ” ኢልዋ። “ናበይ ክኣቱ፧” ሓቲታቶ። “ናብዚ. . .” መሊሱላ። “ኣነስ ናብዚ ኰንቴነር ክኣቱ፧” መሊሳ ሓቲታ። “እወ እተዊ. ...” ደጊሙላ። “እዚ ኰንቴነር’ኮ ካብ ስዑድያ ኣስቤዛኹምን ክዳንኩምን ጽዒነ ናብ ሜዳ ዘእትወሉ ዝነበርኩ’ዩ። ኣነስ ናብዚ ክኣቱ፧” “ትእዛዝ’ዩ። እተዊ...” ብዘይካ መልቀስን ዝተኣዘዘቶ ምትግባርን ኣማራጺ ኣይነበራን። ኣብ ዝሰዓበ ግዜ፡ ዝነበራ ስንክልና እግሪን ዕድመ ምድፋእን ተደማሚሩ፡ ማእሰርቲ ክኸብዳ ግድን ኰነ። ከም ሳዕቤኑ ከኣ ኣብራኻ ምዕጻፍ ስለ ዝተሸገረት ደው ኢላ ክትሸይን ጀመረት። ነዚ ዝሰምዐ ኩሉ ኣእውዩ። “ኣታ እንታይ ከተርእዩና ደሊኹም፧” እሱራት ተጣሪዖም። ኣብቲ በረኻ ድማ ብኣእማንን ጭቃን ብርኽ ዝበለ ኮፍ መበሊ ከም ዝስርሓላ ተገይሩ። “ኣብ ወተሃደራዊ ቤት-ማእሰርቲ ተጨውያ ካብ ትሳቐ፡ ስለምንታይ’ዩ ጉዳያ ናብ ሕጊ ቀሪቡ ዘይረአ፧” ክሓትት ዝኽእል ግን ሓደ’ኳ ኣይነበረን። ኣብርሀት ቀጣን፡ ዘውዲ (ኣብ ሸላ ቁጽሪ 21 ንገለ ግዜ ጎረቤተይ ዝነበረት ጥዕና ዘይነበራ ድሕሪ ምውጽኣ ዝዓረፈት ኣደ)ን ካልኦት ክልተ ደቂ ተባዕትዮን ክወጹ ከለዉ ኣብ ሸላ ቁጽሪ 22 ነይረ - 2010። ኣብርሀት እምባየ ምስ ካልኦት 5 ብጾታ ድሕሪ 10 ዓመታት ካብ ሸላ፡ ክትወጽእ ከላ ድማ ኣብ ኣስመራ ነይረ - 2017። እዛ ክልተ ኣብርሀት ዝነበረኣ ብኣደታትን ኣቦታትን ዝተዓብለለት 10ታት እሱራት ዝሓቘፈት ጉጅለ፡ ብለይቲ ገጾም ብምሽፋን’ዩ ኣሰቃቒ መርመራ ዝካየደላ ነይሩ። ሽማግለታት፡ ብለይቲ፡ ገጾም ሸፊንካ፡ መርመራ፡ መግረፍቲ...፧! ክትሓስቦ'ኳ... ጥሕሰት ሕጊ፡ ግህሰት መሰል፡ ጎብለልትነት ዓማጺ፡ ሕሉፍ ጭካነ... ብዘብለጭልጭ ሕብሪ ሸፊንካ፡ መዓልቲ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ ንምኽባር፡ ንህሉው ዛንታና ኣብ ዝኸሓደ ዳስ ምስዕሳዕስ እንታይ’ኮን ይጥዕም ይኸውን፧! l · 7. “ኣነ ዘኽቲመ’የ ዓብየ። ደቀይ ድማ ድሓን ይዘኽትሙ” *** *** *** 21 ጥሪ ቅድሚ ሓሙሽተ ዓመታት ካብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ-ስርዋ ዝወጻእኩላ ዕለት! ዓሚ፡ እታ ናይ መወዳእታ ዕለት ማእሰርተይ ከመይ ከም ዝነበረት ብዝተናኽፍ ጽሑፍ ክዝክራ ፈቲነ ነይረ። ሎሚ ድማ ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ-ስርዋ ዝነውሐ ግዜ ካብ ዝገበሩን ክሳብ ሕጂ ኣብኡ ዘለዉን ብምዝካር ምሳኹም ሓቢረ ክዝክራ ደልየ’ለኹ። ተስፋኣለም መንግስትኣብ ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ-ስርዋ ካብ ዘለዉ እሱራት እቲ ዝገደመ’ዩ። ድሕሪ ውሑድ ኣዋርሕ ካብ ዝተኣስረት ጉጅለ ድማ ዳዊት ሃብተማርያምን ማቲዎስ ሃብተማርያምን ዝብሃሉ ኣሕዋት ይርከቡ። ሰለስቲኦም እዞም ዕድመ ንእስነቶም ኣብ ኰንቴነራት ማይ-ስርዋ ኰይኖም ዝተፋነዉዎ ኣያታት ልዕሊ 12 ዓመት ኣቑጺሮም ኣለዉ። ካብ ሰለስቲኦም ቀሪበ ዘይፈልጦ ዳዊት’ዩ። ሓደ ግዜ፡ ኣብታ ኣብ ማይ ስርዋ እትርከብ ክሊኒክ ተረኣኢና። ብናይ ዓይኒ ቆላሕታን ፍሽኽታን ሰላምታ ተለዋዊጥና። ቅድሚኡን ድሕሪኡን ግን ኣብ ጸሎት ብዘለዎ ትግሃት፡ ብልዙብነቱን ዘይብተኽ ሞራሉን ክጥቀስ ሰሚዐ’ለኹ። ዳዊት፡ በዓል ሓዳርን ኣቦ ሰለስተን’ዩ። ምስ ማቲዎስ ፈለማ፡ ጥሪ 2010 ኣብ ሕክምና ዓይኒ ማይ-ተመናይ ተራኺብና። ድሒርና ድማ ኣብ ሆስፒታል ሓሊበት ብሓባር ንሰሙናት ደቂስና ተሓኪምና። እዞም ክልተ ኣሕዋት ኣብ ዘይተረሓሓቓ ነናቶም ኰንተነራት ተዓጽዮም ኣለዉ። እቲ ዝበዝሕ ግዜ ጥዕና ዝስእንን ናብ ሕክምና ዝመላለስን ማቲዎስ’ዩ። ቃንዝኡ ግን ንማቲዎስ ጥራይ ኣይኰነን። ዳዊት እቲ ኣብ ኰንቴነር ተዓጽዩ፡ ምንም ክገብርን ክብልን ዓቕሚ ዘይብሉ እሱር፡ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ሓዉ ዝሓምመላ ደቒቕ፡ ኣብ ቅድሚ ዓይኑ’ያ። ቃንዝኡ፡ እህህታኡ፡ ብሓፈሻ ክብደት ስምዒቱ... ክመዝን እፍትን’ሞ ይኸብደኒ። 2012 - ኣብ ሆስፒታል ሓሊበት ካብ ዝድቅስ ኣዋርሕ ገይረ ነይረ። ንህጹጽ ረዲኤት ሕሙም ዝሓዘት መኪና ኣድሚጻ። ዋርድያ፡ ሓኪም፡ መርማሪ ዓጅቦማ ነበሩ። እቲ ሕሙም ብሰባት ተጸይሩ ንውሽጢ ኣተወ። ተስፋኣለም መንግስትኣብ’ዩ። ሸበድበድ ናይ ሓካይም ሰዓበ። ኣብ ሳልስቱ ኣነ ንማይ-ስርዋ ስለ ዝተወሰድኩ ምስ ተስፋኣለም ካብ ሰላምታ ዝሓልፍ ናይ ዕላል ዕድል ኣይረኸብናን። እንተ ዀነ ኣብ ማይ-ስርዋ ብዛዕብኡ ዝነበረ ዕላል ብውዕዩ ኸሎ’የ ኣርኪበዮ። እቲ ወዲ ስዉእ፡ ኣቦ ሓሙሽተ ዉሉዳት፡ ህይወቱን ህይወት ስድራኡን ዝተመሳቐሎ ተስፋኣለም፡ መግቢ ብምሕሳም መዓልታት ከም ዘሕለፈ፡ ብሓካይም ንዝግበር ሓገዝ ““ኣነ ዘኽቲመ’የ ዓብየ። ደቀይ ድማ ድሓን ይዘኽትሙ” ኢሉ ከም ዝኣበየ፡ ምልክታት ሞት ምስ ኣንጸላለዉዎ ኣብ ከባቢኡ ዝነበሩ እሱራት ንብዓቶም ከም ዝወድኡን ከም ዝቐበጽዎን ሰማዕኩ። ኣብ'ዚ ግዜ'ዚ፡ ደቂ ተስፋኣለምን ደቂ ዳዊትን ‘ደጊም’ቶም ዝንኣሱ ማእከላይ ደረጃ፡ እቶም ዝዓበዩ ድማ ልዕሊኡን ኪንኡን በጺሖም ኣለዉ’ ኢለ እግምት። “ኣቦይ ኣበይ ኣሎ፧” ዝብል ሕቶኦም “ገይሹ’ሎ ክመጽእ’ዩ።” ንዝብል መተዓሻሸዊ ሰጊሩ፡ “ልቢ ሰዂዖም’ዮም” ተባሂሎም፡ ሃለዋት ኣቦታትቶም ተነጊርዎም ይኸውን ኢለ እሓስብ። እዚ ዛንታ’ዚ ጸይሮም፡ ኣብቲ ቤት ትምህርቶም፡ ኣብ መንጎ መዛንኦም ኰይኖም፡ “ኤርትራ... በዓል ደማ እናልቀሰ ተደምሲሱ መስዋእታ ብሓርነት ተደቢሱ...” ክዝምሩ ከለዉስ ልቦምከ እንታይ ትብል ትኸውን፧ ኣቦታቶም ኣብ ሕጊ ክንዲ ዝቐርቡ፡ ኣብ ዘይርእይዎም ቦታ ምስዋሮም ከመይ ይርድኦም ይኸውን፧ እታ ልዕልና ሕጊን ደቃን ብሓንሳብ ዝተጨውዩላ ኤርትራኸ ከመይ ትርኣዮም፧ ነዚ ሓቂ’ዚ ንኸይሰምዑ ኣእዛኖም ወቲፎም፡ ኣፎም ዝኸፍቱ ‘ኣሕዋት’ ድማ’ለዉና! ከስዐ’ደ... · 8. እቶም ጓሶት ህዝቢ፡ እንክጓሰዩ! *** *** *** ዝሓለፈ ወርሒ ምስ ገጣሚ ቀሺ ዮናስ ወልደሩፋኤል ድሕሪ 13 ዓመታት ብኣካል ተራኺብና። ብዛዕባ’ቶም ኣብ ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ዘለዉ ኣቦታትን መራሕትን ቤተክርስትያን ኦርተዶክስ ኣመልኪቱ ዘልዓለለይ ሕቶ ዝበርበረቶ ዝኽሪ’የ ዝጽሕፎ ዘለኹ። ኣብ ሆስፒታል ሓሊበት፡ ኣብ እግሪ ቤተክርስትያን ቅ/ገብርኤል እትርከብ prison ward ካብ ኩሉ ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ንዝለዓለ ሕክምና ዝተላእኩ እሱራት’ዮም ዝግልገሉላ - ብዘይካ ካብ ዒራ-ዒሮ። ኣብዚ ቦታ ደቂሰ እናተሓከምኩ ካብ ዝረኸብክዎም እሱራት ሓደ፡ ዶክተር ቀሺ ፍጹምብርሃን ገብረንጉስ’ዩ - 2014። (ሓደ መዓልቲ ኣብ 2013 ‘ውን ኣቡነ ኣንጦንዮስ ብዋርድያታት ተዓጅቦም ኣብዚ ቀጽሪ ኣተዉ። ኣዒንቲ ኩሉና ኣብ ዙርያኦም ዓለበ። ቅዝዝ ዝበለ ገጽ እሱራት፡ ዋርድያታትን ሓካይምን እዝክር። እቲ ኣጋጣሚ፡ ልቡ ጨዲዱ ንዓማጺ ንዘረከበ ሰብ ከይተረፈ ከጉሂ፡ ጭካነ ዓማጺ ኣጉሊሑ ከርኢ፡ ሕቶታት ከመንጩ... ዘኽእል ምርኢት ነበረ። እዞም ኣቦ፡ ብሓኪም ተራእዮም ከም ዝምለሱ ስለ ዝተገብረ እንታይ ስዒቡ ክፈልጥ ኣይከኣልኩን።) 2014 ምስ ዶክተር ቀሺ ፍጹም ክንራኸብ ከለና፡ ቅድሚኡ ግዜ “ኣብ ሓሊበት ምህላዉ ናብ እዝኒ ቤተሰብ ሊሒኹ” ብዝብል ምኽንያት ሕክምናኡ ከይወደአ ከም ዝተወስደ ሰሚዐ ነይረ። ኣብዛ ዝተራኸብናላ እዋን ኣብ እግሩ ድሕሪ ዝተገብረሉ መጥባሕቲ ፊዝዮትራፒ ተኣዚዙሉ ነበረ’ሞ፡ ክልቴና ብነናትና ዋርድያ ተዓጅብና ናብ ውሽጢ ሓሊበት ተወሰድና። “ትጥዕዪዶ’ለኺ፧” “ድሓን’የ። ንስኻኸ እግርኻ... ፧” ካብ’ዘን ሕቶታት ምሕላፍ ኣይክኣልን’ዩ። ናብራ... ምስ ዋርድያ ‘ናተሓላለኻ ስለ ዝዀነ። እቶም ዘኽብሩኻ ዝጸልእዎ ክትገብር ኣይትደልን። ካብ'ቶም ዝጭክኑልካ ከኣ ክትጥንቀቕ ኣለካ። ንዶክተር ፍጹም ክዝክር ከለኹ ቀዲሙ ናብ ኣእምሮይ ዝመጽእ ፍሽኽትኡ’ዩ። ሓይሊ መንፈሳዊ እምነት ብግብሪ ዝረኣኽዎ ኣብ ዶክተር ፍጹም’ዩ። ኣብቲ ጸልማት፡ ኣብ ትሕቲ ፍጹም ዓመጽ ይትረፍ፡ ኣብ መድረኻት ምዕዳል ሽልማት’ኳ ክትስእኖ እትኽእል ፍሽኽታ! እዚ ክርኢ ከለኹ፡ ንሱ ዘይፈልጦ ብድሕሪኡ ኣብ ሓዳሩ፡ ዘጋጠመ ዕንወት እፈልጥ ነበርኩ። ብድሕሪኡ፡ ኣብ ቤቱ እንታይ ኣጋጢሙ ከም ዘሎ ፈጺሙ ምስ ዘይፈልጥ ናይ ሽግርን ጸበባን ብጻይካ እናዕለልካ ዝህሉ ውሽጣዊ ቃንዛ፡ ስምዒትካ ናይ ምቁጽጻር ቃልሲ፡ ምኩሕ ይፈትኖ! “እንታይ ደኣ ምስ ብጾትኪ ዘይወጻእኪ፧” ሓቲቱኒ። “እንድዒ! ንዓይ’ውን ኣይተረድኣንን” “ተራር ዲኺ፧” “ኣይኮንኩን። እኳ ደኣ ሰነፍን በኻይትን’የ” “ኣጆኺ! ኩሉ ነገር ንእግዛብሔር ሃብዮ” ካብዚ ንላዕሊ ክንመላለስ ዕድል ኣይነበረን። ርእሰይ ጠቒሰ “ሕራይ” ኢለ። ውሑድ ግዜ ኢና ብሓባር ናብ ፊዝዮትራፒ ተመላሊስና። ኣብ ቀጽሪ ፕሪዝን ዋርድ ግን ሓያሎ መዓልታት ብምጥምማት ጥራይ ሰላምታ ተለዋዊጥና። “እተዉ ስከ ሰዓት ኣኺሉ’ዩ ኩልኻ እቶ...” ዋርድያ ዓው ኢሉ ክድሀ ጎፍ ተበሃሃልና። “እውይ ኣታ ክንደይ ትሓስም! ቀስከ ዘይትብል። በቲ ኣብ ዝባኖም ዘሎ መዓርግስ'ምበር...” “ንበዓል ዶክተር ዲኺ ተሰኪፍክሎም። ናይ ልበይ ከም ዘይኰነ ይፈልጡ’ዮም። ወሪድዎም! ንበዳሊኦም ዘመስግኑ ሰባት’ዮም” መሊሱለይ። ዶክተር ፍጹም እታ ልምድቲ ፍሽኽትኡ ሓዊሱልና ሓሊፉ። ዋርድያ ዘረባ ቀጺሉ። “እንሀለዉልኪ...፡ እዚኦምስ ህዝብን ሃገርን ምኋሰዩ’ምበር፡ ብኣናዶ ምተጓሰዩ፧!”", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "a796a63d19326d7e3b423e24", "source_sha256": "4b755d0aba2cce5a91e83c0e0982cdee19f23dc863368a49757bacf1880843a3", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-0129f30e5a1755c261f0a3b3", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/2/3", "start": 35, "end": 92 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ኤርትራ ንዘለዉ እሱራት ንምዝካር ዝዓለመ’ዩ" } ] }, { "id": "b-195cdc9f391125d63042430c", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/2/5", "start": 96, "end": 126 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "ብይርጋኣለም ፍስሃ ዝቀረበ ጽሑፍ::" } ] }, { "id": "b-d15c6f25a32723b54b8b972a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/6", "start": 127, "end": 128 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1.እታ ብኣራዊት እትምራሕ ኤርትራ፡ ዓይነ-ብርካ እንክትስእን!", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-6638ad57e9e7d374b60ee8f9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/12/0", "start": 208, "end": 212 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "*** *** ***\n (እዚ ኣብዚ ቅንያት ብተኸታታሊ ዝቐርብ ዘሎ ጽሑፍ ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ኤርትራ ንዘለዉ እሱራት ንምዝካር ዝዓለመ’ዩ። ብንባብን ብዝኽርን ክትሓብሩኒ እትስፎ።)\n ሕግን ፍትሕን ኣብ ዝተረግጸሉ ሃገር፡ ንመጭወይቲ ዝኣመሰሉ ሓደጋታት ምስ እትቃላዕ፡ መኣስ ትወጽእ፡ እንታይ ይስዕብ… ምግማት ኣይክኣልን። ስለ ዝዀነ፡ እዞም ሎሚ ንዝክሮም ኣኣብ ዓውዶም ተጠቀስቲ ዝነበሩ ዜጋታትና፡ ገና ኣብቲ ጸልማት እናሃለዉ፡ ኣነ ካብቲ ህይወት ወጺኤስ፡ ኣብ ውሑስ ቦታ ኰይነ ብዛዕብኦም ክጽሕፍ ዝግመት ኣይነበረን። \n ኣብ ሓሊበት ቀጽሪ ፕሪዝን ዋርድ፡ ካብ ዝድቅስ ንፈለማየይ ናብ ግዳም ዝወጻእኩላ ረፍዲ፡ ምስ ካልኦት ከይተረኣኣና ጽሓይ ናብ ንጽለወሉ ወገን ክጥወ ቁሩብ ምስ ተረፈኒ፡ ንምንቅስቓስ ኣብቲ ቀጽሪ ዘወር ምስ ዝብል ዝነበረ እሱር ተጋጢምና። \n “ይርጋኣለም ፍስሃ ማለት ንስኺ ዲኺ፧” ብኣዝዩ ትሑት ድምጺ። \n “እወ” ዳርጋ ብትሕቲ መልሓሰይ። \n “ኣጆኺ’ዛ ጓለይ! ኣጆኺ!” ክሳብ ንተሓላለፍ ልዕሊዚ ምዝርራብ ይክኣል ኣይነበረን። ይኹን ግን፡ ምሉእ ስመይ ጠቒሱ ሞራል ብዛዕባ ዝሃበኒ ሰብ፡ ገለ ክፈልጥ ደለኹ። ብድሕሪት ተጠውየ፡ ናይ ንድቅሰሉ ክፍሊታት ፍኒስትራ ኳሕኳሕኩ - ናብ ብጾተይ። \n “ካምቻ፡ ብላዕሊ ከኣ ጅለ ጃኬት ዝተኸድነ፡ ቆብዕ ዝገበረ፡ በዓል ኦክያለ ሰብኣይ፡ ኣብዚ ደገ ዝንቀሳቕስ ዘሎ መን’ዩ፧” ሓተትኩ። \n “ዶክተር ክፍሉ’ዩ ዝኸውን” ንምርግጋጽ ካልእ ተወሰኽቲ ነጥብታት ምስ ሓተተኒ፡ እቲ ኣዋርሕ ዝደቀሰ እሱር’ዩ መሊሱለይ። “ኣይትፈልጥዮን ዲኺ፧ ዶ/ር ክፍሉ ናይ ዩኒቨርስቲ መምህር’ዩ ነይሩ። ብዙሕ ዓመታት ገይሩ’ሎ ካብ ዝእሰር...” \n ኣብ ሳልስቱ ተመሳሳሊ ዕድል ረኺብና፡ ቀዲመን ተጠንቂቐን “ዶክተር” ርእሰይ ጠቒሰ ሰላም ኢለዮ። ሕክምናኡ ምውድኡን ክወስድዎ ምዃኖምን ነጊሩ፡ ቻው ዝብለሉ ብጾተይ ጠቒሱ ንዓይ’ውን ተሰናቢቱኒ። ኣብ ዝሰዓበ ግዜ፡ ምስ ቀሺ ዶክተር ፍጹም ርእሱ ዝኸኣለ ጦብላሕታ፡ ምስ መም/ ወልዱ’ውን ኣቐንዛዊ (ንግዚኡ ክጽሕፎ ዘይክእል) ዝኽሪ ዘለዎ ኣጋጣሚታት ረኺበ ነይረ። እቲ ንዕኦም ኣኺሉ ንካልኦት ዝምቀል ሞራሎምን ብርታዔኦምን ክሳብ ሎሚ ምስኦም ክህሉ እትስፎ። \n *** *** ***\n ሓንቲ ሮቡዕ ዋርድያ “ኮሎክዮ” ከቐብለና ምስ መጸ፡ ተመላሲ ንህብ ተመሲልና ናብቶም ኣብ ግዳም ዝነበሩ እሱራት ኣማዕደና። ናብ ሓኪም ወይ ናብቲ ንሕና ዘለናዮ ክፍሊታት ቅድሚ ምእታው ኣብ ዘላ ጸባብ ኰረድዮ ሚዛን ነበረት። ገለ እሱራት እናተሰቕሉ ይምዘኑ ነበሩ። ሓደ ካብኦም ፋርማሲስት ሰናይ ክፍለየሱስ’ዩ። ከም ዝተኣስረ ፈሊጠ እንተ ዘይነብር፡ እቲ ቅድሚ ዓመታት ኣብ ቤት መግቢ ግደይ ሳንታኣንተንዮ ዝርኣኽዎ ምዕሩግን ቆማትን ሰብኣይ’ዩ ክብል ኣይምደፈርኩን። \n “ሓቂ ንሱ ድዩ፧” ሓቲተዮ ምሳይ ንዝነበረ እሱር። \n “እወ ንሱ ጽቡቕ ገይረ’ንድየ ዝፈልጦ” መሊሱለይ። \n “ሚኒስተር ኣስካሉ መንቀርዮስ ምስ’ተን፡ ንሳ ተገልግሎ ስርዓት ኣቦአን ዝመንጠለን ደቃ ብዛዕባዚ ኣርእስቲ እንታይ ተዕልል ትኸውን፧ ነቲ ዓመጽን ጥሕሰት ሕጊንከ እንታይ ተመኽንየሉ ትኸውን!፧” ሕቶይ ነበረ። \n *** *** ***\n ኣብ ፈለማ ኣዋርሕ 2011 ሓደ ምሸት፡ መጀር ብርሃነ (ወዲ ኸበደ)፡ ናብቲ ቀንዲ ተጸዋዒ ሓለዋና ዝነበረ ማና ካሕሳይ ደወለ። ምስ ዝዀነ እሱር ክትዛረብ ዘይፍቀዳ፡ ብጥንቃቐን ብምስጢርን ክትታሓዝ ዘለዋ ናይ ካልእ ቤት ማእሰርቲ እስርቲ ክትመጽእ ምዃና ሓቢሩ፡ ነጻ ዓራት ክዳሎ ኣዘዘ። ዳርጋ ደቂስና ኢና ነይርና። ኩላትና ነቓሕና። ነጻ ዓራት ንኽርከብ ክልተ ሰባት ክደራረቡ ነበሮም። ንዓኣ ሒዞም ዝመጹ ሓለዋ ክዕዘብዎ ዘይንደልዮ ነገራት ከነወጋግን’ውን ነበረና። ቢቲቢቶ ኣተወና። \n “መን ትኸውን፧” ዝብል ሕቶ ኣልዓልና። ሓያለይ ዝተፈላለየ ግምታት ወሓዘ። ኣስቴር ዮሃንስ ወይ ሰናይት ደበሳይ ክትከውን ትኽእል’ያ ኣብ ዝብል ድማ ዓለብና። ኣብ ትጽቢት ፍርቂ ለይቲ ሓለፈ። ኣይደቀስናን። ግዜ ግን ደው ኣይበለን። ወግሐ። ኣይመጸትን!\n ንገለ ግዜ ምስ ሰናይት ተኣሲራ ምንባራ ምስ ዝነገረትኒ ሰብ 2012 ተራኺብና። ኩነታት ሰናይት ሓቲተያ። መጥባሕቲ መዓናጡ ከም ዝገበረት፡ ድሕሪ መጥባሕቲ ብቐጥታ ናብ ካርሸሊ ከም ዝተወስደት፡ ብሰንኪ ዘለዋ ጥዕናዊ ጸገም ብማይ ጥራይ ዝተጠጠቐ ሓምሊ ቈስጣ ከም ትምገብ ነጊራትኒ። ብዛዕባ ተቐጥቂጦም ኣብ ሸላ ዝተዓጽዉ፡ ዝሰንከሉ፡ ህይወቶም ዝሰኣኑ እሱራት ዛንታ ኣለኒ። ካብ ክፍሊ መጥባሕቲ ብቐጥታ ናብ ሸላ፡ ክሰምዕ ግን ንፈለማየይ ነይሩ። \n ነታ ኣብ ግዜ ቁልዕነተይ፡ ኣብ ብዙሕ ናይ ገድሊ ደርፍታት ጊታራ ሒዛ ምርኣያ ባህ ትብለኒ ዝነበረት ሰናይት፡ 2008 ኣብቲ ቦታ ተኣሲሩ ዝነበረ ፈላጥየይ “ብዓይነይ ክርእያ ኣይከኣልኩን ግን ክትደርፍ’ያ ትውዕል” ኢሉኒ ነይሩ። እዚ ክልተ በበይኑ ሓበሬታታት ዝሰነደ ርእሰይ፡ እናደረፈት ድዩ እናተቕቀንዘወት’ዩ ክስእላ ዝኽእል፧! \n “… ክነፍርዶ ደቀይ ዑፍ መሲለ \n ክንሳፈፍ ኣብ ቀላይ ዓሳ’ቢለ \n ክጋልብዶ ፈረስ ተቐይረ \n ክዞራ’ዛ ዓደይ ሓጎስ ጸይረ (2)…” ደርፋ፡ ደርፊ ንእስነታ፡ ክትዝክሮ ከላ እንታይ ይስምዓን እንታይከ ትብልን ትኸውን፧ \n 2018 ሓንቲ ካብ ደቃ ኣብ ሓደ ገዛ ጎፍ ኢላትኒ። ከዕልላ ደልየ ነይረ። ግና እንታይ ምባል ከም ዝሕሸኒ ሰኣን ምውሳነይ፡ ወላ ሓንቲ ክብል ኣይከኣልኩ። እቲ ስልጣንን ሰይጣንነትን ዝማእመኦ ኣቦኣ (ኣምበሳደር በየነ ርእሶም) ብዛዕባ ኣዲኣ እንታይ ኢልዋ ከም ዝፈልጥ ክሰምዕ ግን ምደለኹ። \n (ይቕጽል)" } ] }, { "id": "b-07cd7e5f7a3d66d8f6918528", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/14/0", "start": 3457, "end": 3457 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "· \n 2.‘ሕጊ ኣብ መቓብር፡ ንእስነት ኣብ ሸላ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "’" } ] }, { "id": "b-5c01515e06c0dee12229b7f1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/16/0", "start": 3526, "end": 3530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "*** *** ***\n (እዚ ኣብዚ ቅንያት ብተኸታታሊ ዝቐርብ ዘሎ ጽሑፍ ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ኣብያተ ማሕዩር ኤርትራ ንዘለዉ እሱራት ንምዝካር ዝዓለመ’ዩ። ብንባብን ብዝኽርን ክትሓብሩኒ እዕድም)\n ናብታ “ኩነታት ጥዕንኦም ምክትታል የድልዮ’ዩ” ተባሂሉ፡ ብሓካይም ማይ-ስርዋ ዝተኣምነሎም እሱራት ዝድቅሱላ ክልኒክ ተቐይረ ነይረ። ካብ ስድራቤት ዝተላእከ ዘናቢል፡ ሕክምና ዝኸዱ እሱራ… ዝሓዛ መካይን ካብ ፋዱስ ክሳብ ሰዓት ክልተ’የን ዝድሃያ'ሞ ካብዚ ወጻኢ ድምጺ መኪና ምስማዕ ኣቓልቦ ኩሉና’ዩ ዝስሕብ። ምምጻእ መርመርቲ፡ ሓደሽቲ እሱራት፡ ምናልባት ከኣ ምውጻእ ናይ ገለ ዕድለኛታት ክኸውን ስለ ዝኽእል። ተጣቢብና ናብ ኣንፈት እንዳ መርመርቲ ምቁማት ድማ ኣይተርፍን። \n “ሰላም፡ መሳርሕትኺ ተኣሲሮም ኣለዉ። ትፈልጥዮ ሰብ ኣይስኣንን’ዩ ነዞም ዋርድያ ሕተትዮም” ኢለያ ንመዳቕስተይ። \n “ስራሕና፧ ከመይ ፈሊጥኪ፧” ሓቲታትኒ። \n “እሱራት መጺኦም ኣለዉ። መብዛሕትኦም ፓይሎት’ዮም ይብሉ’ለዉ'ቶም ኣባላት” \n “ናይ ልብኺ ዲኺ፧” ሰሓቕ ኣቐዲማ ሓቲታትኒ። \n “ሓቀይ’የ” ከሰንብዳ እናተጸበኹ ምስሓቓ ምድንጋር ፈጠረለይ። \n “ፓይለት ማለት መን ድዮም፧ ኣስገርቲ!” በለትኒ። ኣስገርቲ ፓይለት ተባሂሎም ከም ዝጽውዑ ቦኹሪ እዝነይ ነበረ። ምስ ሰላም፡ ኣብ መርመራ ብኣባትር ምስ ሰንከልና፡ ክንተሓጋገዝ ተባሂሉ’ዩ፡ ኣብ ሓንቲ ክፍሊ ኰንና። ብዙሕ ግዜ ከኣ፡ ክወድቕ ከለኹ ኣተንሲኣትኒ፡ ክትደክም ከላ’ውን ተደጊፋትኒ’ያ። \n ቅንይ ኢሉ ኣብ ዕራርቦ እሱር ዝሓዘት መኪና መጺኣ። ቢንያም (ወዲ ሴዳው) ተባሂሉ ዝጽዋዕ ኣባል ቤት ጽሕፈት ዓዲ ኣበይቶ’ዩ። ኣማዕዲና፡ ጥራሕ እግሩ ድዩ፡ ወይስ ኣእዳዉ’ዩ ብፌሮ ተኣሲሩ ከነለሊ 'ናፈተንና ናብ ሸነኽ ኰንቴነር ተወሲዱ። ንከባቢ 8 ኣዋርሕ ድማ ተኣሲሩ። ንገለ ካብቶም ብጉጅለ 7 ዝፍለጡ እሱራት፡ ደረቕ መግቢ (ጥሕኒ፡ ጸባ፡ ተምሪ… ዝኣመሰለ) ክኣትዎም ስለ ዘፍቀደ ወይ ሸለል ስለ ዝበለ ምዃኑ ሰማዕና። እቶም እሱራት’ውን ተፈቲሾም ኣብ ኢዶም ዝጸንሐ ደረቕ መግቢ ከም ዝተሓደጉን ብኸመይ ከም ዝመጾም ብምሕታት ከም ዝተኸላበቱን ኣባላት ነጊሮሙና። \n ግንቦት 2010 ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ-ስርዋ ስርሒት “ፕሪዝን ብሬክ” ምስ ኣጋጠመ፡ ነቶም ከየምልጡ የስግኡ’ዮም ኢሎም ዝሓስብዎም እሱራት ካብ ኰንተነር ናብ ሸላ ኣምጺኦሞም። ሽዑ ድማ’የ ነዞም ንዓመታት ካብ ኢዶም ፌሮ ዘይተፈልዮም መንእሰያት ክርእዮምን ክፈልጦምን ዝኸኣልኩ። \n 2007 ኣብ ኣስመራ ዓብላሊ ኣርእስቲ ምስ ዝነበረ ፈተነ ቅትለት ኮ/ል ስምኦን ገ/ድንግል ብዝትሓሓዝ ናብ’ዚ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ምስ ተወስዱ ክሳብ ሕጂ ኣብኡ’ለው። ኣብቲ ዝተኣስርሉ ግዜ ካብ መፋርቕ 20ታት ክሳብ ፈለማ 30ታት ዕድመ ከም ዝነበሮም እግምት። እዞም 7 መንእሰያት፡ ንእስቲ ጉጅለ ናይታ ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ሰሙን ዝተጠቕሱ፡ ነጋዶን ኣባላት ፖሊስን ጸጥታን ዝርከብዋ ዓባይ ጉጅለ እሱራት ማይ-ስርዋ ዘቑሙ’ዮም። \n 1. ሰሎሞን ዘርኣይ \n 2. ተኽለ ይስሃቕ \n 3. ጸጋይ (ሰራሕተኛ ባንኪ ነበር) \n 4. ሕሩይ (ኣባል ፖሊስ ነበር) \n 5. ኣስገዶም ገ/ሚካኤል (ዓዲ ንፋስ) \n 6. ተስፋኣለም (ኣውቲስታ መ/ ጀነራል ውጩ ነበር) \n 7. ተስፋኣለም (ኣውቲስታ ብ/ጀነራል ቀያሕታይ ነበር) ኣብ ሸላታት ማይ-ስርዋ፡ ኣእዳዎም ብፌሮ ተኣሲረን ሓንቲ መዓልቲ ከይተፈትሓ 13 ዓመታት ኣቑጺሮም ኣለዉ። \n እቲ ኣብ ዙርያ ሸላታት ብዝተዃነየ መንደቕ ዝተኸተለ ቀጽሪ ክልተ ኣፍ ደገታት’ዩ ዘለዎ። ንደቡብ ብእተውጽእ ኣፍ ደገ ዓይኒ-ምድሪ፡ ንሰሜን ብእተውጽእ ኣፍ ደገ ድማ ‘ሕክምና’ ይርከብ። ሸላይ፡ ሸላ ቁጽሪ 22 ድማ ኣብ ጥቓ እዛ ናብ ሕክምና እተውጽእ ኣፍ ደገ’ያ ዝነበረት። ስለ'ዚ “መን ተጸሊእዎ፡ መን ሕሽዎ፡ መን ከይዱ መን ተመሊሱ፧” ምክትታል ሓደ ካብ መዓልታዊ ናይ መዘናግዒን መሕለፊ ግዜን ንጥፈታተይ ነበረ። እዞም መንእሰያት ድማ ሳሕቲ ናብታ ሕክምና ክሓልፉ እርእዮም ነበርኩ። ንዝለዓለ ሕክምና ናብ ሓሊበት ኰነ ኦሮታ ከይዶም ክረኣዩ ግን ኣጋጢሞሙኒ ኣይፈልጡን። \n ኣብታ ክንዲ ዓራት ዝስፍሓታ፡ ክንዲ ቁመት ሰብ ዝልዕለታ ሸላ ንኽንድኡ ዓመታት፡ ብዘይ ሕጋዊ ፍርዲ፡ ኣእዳዎም ብፌሮ ተኣሲሩ፡ ብዘይ ሕክምናዊ ኣገልግሎት፡ ብዘይ ጥዑይን እኹልን መግቢ… ክነብሩ፡ ክሳብ ክንደይ ከም ዝኸብድ፡ ክሳብ ክንደይ ከም ዝመርር… ንምግማት፡ ነብስና ንደቓይቕ ኣብ ቦታኦም ኣእቲና ምሕሳብ ጥራይ ኣኻሊ’ዩ። ዝዀነ ነገር ካብ ስድራቤት ክመጾም ስለ ዘይፍቀዶም፡ ነቲ ኣፍንጫኻ ዓጺኻካ ናብ ኣፍካ ከተብጽሖ ዘለካ ኣስካሕካሒ መግቢ እቲ ቤት ማእሰርቲ፡ ብዘይለውጢ ንዓመታት ክምገብዎ ይግደዱ። እቲ ሽሉ (ናይቲ መዓስከር ህብብቲ ከልቢ) “ሽሉ ናይ እሱራት መግቢ ኣይትበልዕን’ያ። ቅርብ ኣይትብሎን’ያ።” እናተባህለ ዝዝረበሉ መግቢ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ-ስርዋ! \n ኩሉ ግዜ ኣብ ርእሰይ ዝመላለስ ሕቶ፡ “እዞም ሰባት ኣብ ሕጊ ምስ ዝቐርቡ፡ ጉዳዮም ምስ ዝምርመር፡ ክትንከፍ ዝኽእል በዓል ግዜ (በዓል ስልጣን) መን ይኸውን፧! መን ምእንቲ ከይቃላዕ’ዩ እዞም ሰባት ኣብ ሕጊ ክቐርቡ ዘይተደልየ፧” ዝብል’ዩ። \n (ይቕጽል)" } ] }, { "id": "b-dd345ab37769d4742f5bca8c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/18/0", "start": 6540, "end": 6540 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "3.ብኩራት ሕጊ ንሃገርን ዜጋታታን ብሓንሳብ እንከዕኑ!", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-b8cb4beefda301f237c359b0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/20/0", "start": 6612, "end": 6616 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "*** *** ***\n (እዚ ኣብዚ ቅንያት ብተኸታታሊ ዝቐርብ ጽሑፍ ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ኤርትራ ንዘለዉ እሱራት ንምዝካር ዝዓለመ’ዩ። ኣብ ቀዳማይ ክፋል፡ ልዕሊ 12 ዓመታት ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ ስርዋ ናይ ዝርከቡ ኣስማት ክዝርዘር’ዩ። ኣብ ዝቕጽላ ክፋላት ድማ፡ ብመጠኑ ዕሙቕ ዝበለ ዝኽረይ ከካፍል ክፍትን’የ። ብንባብን ብዝኽርን ክትሓብሩኒ እትስፎ።)\n ኣብቲ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ክሳብ ዝነበርኩሉ ግዜ፡ ሰለስተ ዓበይቲ ጉጅለታት ነይረን። (እዚ ነተን ብጉዳይ ስግረ-ዶብ ዝተኣስራ ጉጅለታት ኣየጠቓልልን።) እዘን ጉጅለታት’ምበኣር ነፍሲ ወከፈን 20ታትን ልዕሊኡን ቁጽሪ ኣባላት ይሓቑፋ ነይረን። \n እታ ሽማግለታት ኣቦታትን ኣዴታትን ዝነብረዋ፡ ብደቂ ኣንስትዮ ዝተዓብለለት ዓባይ ጉጅለ፡ ዳርጋ ናይ መወዳእታ ዝተባህሉ ኣባላታ ኣብ መበል 10ይ ዓመት ማእሰርቶም ግንቦት 2017 ክልቀቑ ከለዉ፡ ኣሕዋተን ንክልተ ካብተን ኣዴታት ኣበይ ከም ዝኣተዉ ብግልጺ ኣይፍለጥን። ኣብ ሸላ ቁጽሪ 55 ዓመታት ዝተቐየደ እስቲፋኖስ ናይ ኣእምሮ ጸገም ገይሩ ኣብ ጎደና ወጺኡ። ሃብተጽዮን ዝስሙ ፖሊስ ምስዛ ጉጅለ ተኣሲሩ፡ ምስኣ ስለ ዘይተለቐቐ ግን ን 13 ዓመታት ኣእዳዉ ብፌሮ ተኣሲሩ ኣብ ሸላ ይርከብ። \n ነጋዶ፡ ኣባላት ፖሊስን ጸጥታን፡ ካልኦት መንእሰያትን ትጥርንፍ ኣዝያ ዓባይ ጉጅለ ድማ’ላ። 5 ካብ ኣባላታ ኣብ ክራማት 2011 ተፈቲሖም። 4 ዓመት ድሕሪ ምእሳሩ ኣብ ሆስፒታል ሓሊበት ዝዓረፈ ኮ/ል ገብረእዝጋብሄር ገብረሚካኤል (ወዲ ገሬ) ኣባል እዛ ጉጅለ ነይሩ። ሓደ ካብቶም ቀዲሞም ዝተፈትሑ ድማ 2014 ደጊሙ ተኣሲሩ ኣብ ማይ-ስርዋ ይርከብ። \n ሳልሰይቲ እታ ኣነ ዝነበርክዋ፡ “እንዳ ዜና” ብዝብል ስም ትጽዋዕ ዝነበረት፡ 26 ኣባላታ ኣብ ክልተ እብረ ዝወጻእና ጉጅለ’ያ። ብጉዳይ ስግረ-ዶብ ዝተታሕዙ ካብ መወዳእታ 2009 ዝያዳ ድማ ድሕሪ 2010 ዝተኣስሩ፡ ብጉጅለን ብውልቅን ኣዝዮም ብዙሓት እሱራት ኣብዚ መዓስከር ኣለዉ። ገለ ካብዚኣቶም ድሒሮም ናብ ዓላን ዓዲ ኣበይቶን ተወሲዶም ኣብ ተመሳሳሊ ህይወት ዘለዉ’ዮም። \n ኣብታ ንሓደ ሰብ’ውን ዘይእኽልቲ፡ ክልተ ብክልተ ሜትሮ ዝዀነት ሸላ ክሳብ ሰለስተ ሰባት ተዓጽዮም ምህላዎም ሰሚዐ’ለኹ። ከመይ ይነብሩ ምህላዎም ክስእሎ ይኸብደኒ። ንሎሚ ገጽ ቤት ፍርዲ ከይርኣዩ ልዕሊ 12 ዓመታት ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይስርዋ ተሓይሮም ብዝተፈላለዩ ሕማማትን ስንክልናን ዝሳቐዩ ዘለዉ እሱራት ክዝርዝር’የ። \n 1. ኮ/ ሰሎሞን ብርሃነ (ምምሕዳርን ፋይናንስን ፖሊስ ኤርትራ ነበር)\n 2. ኮ/ ኣስመሮም ገ/ወልዲ (ወዲ ገረወልዲ፡ ሓላፊ ምክልኻል ገበን ነበር)\n 3. ኮ/ ጎይትኦም ገ/ስላሴ (ወዲ በኺት፡ ሓላፊ ገበን መርመራ ነበር)\n 4. ሌ/ኮ/ ኢሰያስ ዮሴፍ (ወዲ ዮሴፍ)\n 5. መጀር ተስፋልደት ኢያሱ \n 6. መጀር ፍረዝጊ ሃብታይ \n 7. ተለ/ ተኪኤ ገ/ሂወት \n 8. ተስፋኣለም መንግስተኣብ (ነጋዳይ)\n 9. ዘርኢጋብር ገብረሂወት (ነጋዳይ)\n 10. ቦኽረ መብራህቱ (ነጋዳይ)\n 11. ኢንጅነር ዳዊት ሃብተማርያም \n 12. ጆሜትራ ማቲዎስ ሃብተማርያም \n 13. መጀር ጎይትኦም ኣርኣያ (ወዲ ቢኒ፡ 2011 ተፈቲሑ 2014 ደጊሙ ዝተኣስረ)\n 14. ጸጋይ፡ ሕሩይ፡ ተስፋኣለም (2)፡ ተኽለ፡ ኣስገዶም፡ ሰሎሞን (ኣብ ካልኣይ ክፋል ናይዚ ጽሑፍ \n ዕሙቕ ብዝበለ ክጥቀሱ’ዮም)\n 15. ሃብተጽዮን ገ/ሚካኤል (ኣባል ፖሊስ ኰይኑ ካብታ ሽማግለታት ኣቦታትን \n ኣዴታትን ዝነብርዋ ጉጅለ ዝተረፈ)\n 16. ሓጎስ (2008 ካብ ግብጺ ከም ዝምለሱ ካብ ዝተገብሩ ኰይኑ፡ ካብ መማጽእቱ \n ተጨውዩ ናብ ማይ-ስርዋ ዝተወስደ) \n ሕጊ፡ ንሃገር ዓንዳ፡ ንስድራቤት ጸግዓ፡ ንዜጋ ድማ ዋሕሱ’ዩ’ሞ፡ ብኩራት ሕጊ ንኩሉ’ዩ ዘዕኑ። ክንዲ ዝዀነ እዞም እሱራት ዘሕልፍዎ ህይወት ጥራይ ዘይኰነ፡ ደቆም፡ ኣሕዋቶም፡ መጻምድቶም፡ ወለዶም፡ ቤተሰቦም፡ ቀረብቶም… ንስሙ ደኣ ኣይተኣስሩን ይብሃሉ’ምበር፡ ብናብራ፡ ብጓሂን ሻቕሎትን ኣብ ዝባኖም ዝወርድ መግረፍቲ፡ ኣብ ልቦም ዝህሉ ስንብራት’ውን ኣካል ናይቲ ኣብ ዜጋታት ኤርትራ ዝወርድ ዘሎ ከቢድ ዓመጽ’ዩ። \n (ይቕጽል)" } ] }, { "id": "b-a2b2dd6b9e2343bdcba4e409", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/22/0", "start": 9118, "end": 9496 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "· \n " }, { "text": "4.‘ንምስትንታን’", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "\n ** ** **" } ] }, { "id": "b-57ed507679f7a6038af8767d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/24/0", "start": 9568, "end": 9572 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“...ኣብዛ ትርእይዋ ዘለኹም ገዛ ሓደ ተባዕታይ ከልቢ ጥራይ’ዩ ዘሎ። \n . . . ኣቦኦም’ኳ ብጓሂ’ዩ ሞይቱ፡ እምበር ኣየናይ ሓዳሪ ሕማም ደኣ ነይርዎ፧” ኣቦይ ቀቢጸዮ’ኳ እንተነበርኩ፡ ኣብ ሞቱ’ውን ብተዘዋዋሪ ግደ ከም ዝነበረኒ ብወዝቢ ኣደይ ኣንፈሰትለይ። \n “ሕጂ ደኣ መን ይሓርሰልክን፧” ዕላል ናብ ካልእ ንምምእዛን ጓል ሃይለ ሓተተት። \n “ኣሕሞትሙተይ። ሓንሳብ ከኣ ብወፈራ ዓዲ አሕርስ።” ስቕታ! ሽቑረራ! ...\n (ገጽ ኣደይ)\n ***\n “እዚ ካፕተን ዝብሎ ዘሎ ሓቁ’ዩ። ንሱ ልዕሌና ተመክሮ ባሕሪ ስለ ዘለዎ መላሲ ኣውያት ከነትርፍ እቶም ክብደት ወሲኽና ዘለና እንተ ገደፍና ዝሓሸ’ዩ።” \n “ብኸመይ እሞ ዝጥሕሉ ከነለሊ፧” \n “ዕጫ ነውድቕ!” \n “ዕጫ ደኣ ኣይከውንን’ዩ። ካፕተን ባዕሉ ነቶም ክጥሕሉ ዝግብኦም ይርቋሕ” \n “እንታዋይ ኰይኑ’ዩ ዝመውትን ዝድሕንን ንሱ ዝረቚሓና” \n (ማዕበል ህይወት)\n ***\n “ኣነ ግን ናብ ኮንፈረንስ ክኸይድ እኮ’የ ኣብዚ ኣዕሪፈ ዘለኹ። ኣብዚ ክነብር ኣይኮንኩን መጺኤ። እንታይ ዝኸውን ስራሕከ ክሰርሕ፧” \n “ንሱስ ድሓን ቀስ ኢልካ ክትለምዶ ኢኻ። ሕጂ ቀዳምነት እዛ ሒዝካያ መጺእካ ዘለኻ ላፕቶፕ ሽጣ። ...መንእሰይ ስለ ዘለኻ’ውን ኣብዚ ናይ ጉልበት ስራሕ ትስእን ኣይመስለንን።” \n “ኣነ ግን ንኮንፈረንስ...” \n “ሰሚዐካ’ኳ ቶማስ። ኣነስ ኣብ ዓደይ ኣብ ዩኒቨርሲቲ እንድየ ዝምህር ነይረ። ምናላባት ካብዚ ብሰላም ናብ ዓደይ እንተ ተመሊሰ ስርሐይ እቕጽሎ እኸውን።...” \n (ትራንዚት)\n ***\n “ካልእ ስለ ዘየሎ” 16 ዛንታታት ሓቚፋ ኣብ 2020 ንማሕተም ዝበቐዐት መጽሓፍ’ያ። ኣመና ሓጸርቲ፡ ማእከሎትን ብመጠኑ ንውሕ ዝበሉን ዛንታት ኣካቲታ ትርከብ። \n ውህሉል ትዕዝብቲ፡ ምስትብሃል፡ ምስትንታን... ዝፈጠሮም ዛንታታት’ዮም ክብል እደፍር። ኣብ’ቶም ነቲ ዛንታ ዝጸወሩን ዘሰንዩን ጠባያት ግርም ገይሩ ተንጸባሪቑ’ሎ። \n ነቲ ኣብ ኣጸሓሕፋ ሓጺር ዛንታ ዝዝውተር፡ ከም ሓፈሻዊን ቀንድን ባእታታት ሓጺር ዛንታ’ውን ዝፍለጥ፡ ግርጭት፡ ምንጥልጣል፡ ኣፈታትሓ ግርጭት... ጎስያ፡ ነቲ ንግዳማዊ ትርኢት (ምከና ኰነ ጠባያት) ንምግላጽን ምቅንጃውን ዝግበር ሃልኪ ወጊዳ፡ ውጽእ ብዝበለ ኣመለኻኽታ ዝተጻሕፈት ኰይና ረኺበያ። \n ብግልጺ ዘይንብሎም ገለ ግዜ’ውን ዘይንእመነሎም፡ ኣብ ኣዋጣሪ መድረኻት ንኾኖ፡ ምስ ነብስና ንብሃሃሎ...፡ ፈለማ ተዓብዒቡ፡ ድሓር ድማ ኣብ ውሽጥና ተሰትዩ ዝተርፍ ስምዒታት፡ ብዓቢ ትኹረት ከም ዝተዓየሉ ብዘርኢ ኩነት ግልጽልጽ ኢሉ ተራእዩኒ። \n ስምዒታቶም ተነጊሩና ዘይኰነ ክንርእዮ ስለ ዝተገብረ ከኣ ብልጫኣ’ዩ። ቁጥብነት፡ ናብ ዛዕባኻ ምትኳር፡ ብትረኻን ዝርርባትን መለሳ ዝፈጠረ ኣዘናትዋ፡ ብዓቢኡ ከኣ ኣብ ስምዒትን ስነ-ኣእምሮኣዊ ኩነታትን ጠባያት ብምእታዉ፡ ኣንባቢ፡ ነብሱ ኣካል‘ቲ ዛንታ ገይሩ ክርእያ ዝድርኹ፡ ንስምዒትን ሓሳባትን ጠባያቶም ኣድሚቖም ዘርእዩ ዛንታት እቶም ዝበዝሑ’ዮም ኢለ እሓስብ። \n ፍርሐይ፡ ሻቕሎተይ፡ ናፍቖተይ፡ ቃንዛይ፡ ተመክሮይ፡ ብዓቢኡ ዛንታ ወለዶይ፡ ብቐንዱ ምስሊ ሃገረይ ኣብዛ መጽሓፍ ረኺበዮ። \n ግዜን ቦታን እቶም ዛንታት ብዘየገድስ፡ ህይወት ኣብ ዙርያ ዓውደ ውግእ፡ ስደት፡ ጉዕዞ፡ ትጽቢትን ክውንነትን፡ ዝምድናታት፡ ንእስነት፡ ወለዶ፡ ስድራቤት፡ ዓዲ፡ መሬት፡ ሃገር... መለሳ ብዝፈጥር ግን ድማ ንምስትንታን ብዝድርኽ መንገዲ ቀሪቦም ኣለዉ። ምልሶት፡ ድሮ ተበገስ፡ ገጽ ኣደይ፡ ማዕበል ህይወት፡ ትራንዚት... እቲ ዝርዝር ይቕጽል።" } ] }, { "id": "b-167507c4c7dc38de931cdf26", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/26/0", "start": 11726, "end": 12104 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "· \n " }, { "text": "5. 10 ዓመታት ኣብ ሸላ ብዘይ ሕጋዊ ፍርዲ!", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-5955e2c1f603216ca8ff314a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/28/0", "start": 12175, "end": 12179 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "*** *** ***\n ካብ 2007 ክሳብ 2017 ኣብ ዝነበረ 10 ዓመታት፡ ብዝዀነ ይኹን ምኽንያት (ተኣሲሩ ወይ ሓለዋ ኰይኑ) ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ-ስርዋ ረጊጹ ዝፈልጥ ሰብ፡ ብዛዕባ’ዘን ኣደታት ዝውስኾ ኣይስኣንን። ብውሕዱ ከም ዝዝክረን ርግጸኛ’የ። \n ወ/ሮ በላይነሽ መስፍን \n ወ/ሮ ስላስ ነጋሽ \n ወ/ሮ ኣብርሀት እምባየ (ብዛዕባ ኣብርሀት ኣብ ናይ ዝሓለፈ ሰሙን ጽሑፍ ተገሊጹ’ሎ)\n ወ/ሮ በላይነሽ እታ ዝበዝሐ ዓመታት ማእሰርታ ኣብ ሸላ ቁጽሪ 36 ዘሕለፈት ኣደ፡ ኣብ ክሊ ዕድመ መወዳእታ 60ታት ክሳብ መጀመርታ 70ታት ምንባራ እግምት። ንኽርእያ ዕድል ዝረኽበሉ ዝነበርኩ ሰዓታት ሽንቲ’ዩ። ክልቲኤን ኣእዳዋ ብፌሮ ዝተኣስራ ነበራ። ‘እዛ ሽማግለ ኣደ፡ ብፌሮ ተኣሲራ፡ ኣብ ሸላ ተዓጽያ እንታይ እናበለት፡ እንታይ እናገበረት ትውዕል ትኸውን፧’ ዝብሉ ሕቶታት እታ ሸላ ኣፍ ኣውጺኣ ትምልሰሉ ግዜ ክመጽእ’ዩ። \n ክዝክራ ከለኹ ቀዲሙ ናብ ኣእምሮይ ዝመጽእ ግን፡ ኣብ እዋን ሽንቲ፡ ነተን ብፌሮ ዝተጠምራ ክልተ ኣእዳዋ ኣደጋጊፋ፡ ሽንቲን ረሳሕ ማይን ተጠራቕመሉ ጀሪካን ተሰኪማ ንኽትጉሕፍ፡ ተሕልፎ ዝነበረት ቃልሲ’ዩ። እዚ ምርኢት’ዚ ፈጺመ ክርስዖ ኣይክእልን'የ። ኣብ እዋን መርመራ ኣብ ኣካላታ በትሪ ከዕልብ፡ ኣብ ኣእዳዋ ድማ ፌሮ ክኣስር ቅጭጭ ዘይብሎ ሰብ ግን፡ ከመይ ዝበለት ኣደ ዘዕበየቶ ይኸውን፧! \n ብዛዕባ’ቶም ኣእዳዎም (ገለ’ውን እንተላይ ኣእጋሮም) ብፌሮ ዝተኣስሩ እሱራት ምሕሳብ ዓቕለይ የጽብበለይ ነበረ። ሓደ መዓልቲ፡ ካብ መንጸፈይ መሸማዕ መዚዘ ብምትታዕ ቀጢን ገመድ ሰራሕኩ። ተጻጊመ ክልቲኤን ኣእዳወይ ኣሰርክወን። ንኹሉ እቲ መዓልታዊ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሸላን ኣብ እዋን ሽንትን ዘይተርፍ ንጥፈታት እሱራት በብሓደ ፈተንክዎ። ግና ከበደኒ። መተንፈሲ ኩሉ ስምዒታተይ ድማ ንብዓት ነበረ። \n *** *** ***\n ወ/ሮ ስላስ ነጋሽ ዝጠቡ ህጻን ዝርከቦም 4 ቈልዑ ገዲፋ ምስ ሓዋ (ኪዳነ)ን በዓል ቤታ (ተኪኤ)ን ዝተኣስረት ኣደ’ያ። ንስላስ ዝያዳ ቀሪበ ክረኽባ ዝኸኣልኩ ኣብ ሕክምና’ዩ። ሓንቲ ካብቶም ዓመታት ናብ ቅድስቲ ማርያም ሆስፒታል ኣእምሮ፡ ዝተመላለሱ እሱራት ማይ-ስርዋ’ያ። እናክርእያን ክረኽባን እቶም ዘይፈልጦም ደቃ ይስኣሉኒ ነበሩ። ንዕኦም ጠቒሰ ከየዘክራ ክጥንቀቕ ክብል ከኣ ብዛዕባኦም ካብ ምሕሳብ ቦዂረ ኣይፈልጥን። ስላስ ግና ዝያዳ ብዛዕባ’ቲ ምስኣ ምስ ተኣስረ ድሕሪ ቁሩብ ግዜ ደሃዩ ዝተሰወረ ሓዋ’ያ ትሓስብ ነይራ። “እዚ ሓወይሲ...” ብንብዓታ ትቕጽሎ። \n ኣብ ቀጽሪ ቅ/ማርያም ሆስፒታል ብወተሃደራት ተኸቢብና ኰፍ ኢልና ከለና፡ ኩነታት ጥዕንኣን ናብራ ሸላን ሓቲተያ። ኣይመለሰትለይን። ኣቓልቦኣ እቶም ካብ ካልኦት ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ዝመጹ እሱራትን ዋርድያታቶምን ወሲደሞ ነይሮም። \n “ስላስ” ተዳህየያ። “ከመይ ትዀኒ’ለኺ፧ ሸላ ከመይ ኣሎ፧ ክብለኪ ጸኒሐ” ድምጸይ ኣበርኽ ኣቢለዮ። \n “እውይ ዘይሰማዕኩኺ ናብዞም እሱራት’ንድየ ዝርኢ ዘለኹ። ሓወይ’ንድዩ ድሃዩ ጠፊኡኒ።” ኣዒንታን ግንባራን’ውን ይዛረቡ ነይሮም። ሸላኣ ዝሰተየቶ ንብዓት፡ ዝረኣየቶ ቁስሊን ዝሰምዓቶ እህህታን... ባዕላ ትፈልጦ። \n ምስ ስላስ ደጊምና ሓያሎ ግዜ ተራኺብና ኢና። እንተዀነ ምስ ስላስ ምዕላል ቀሊል ኣይኰነን። ኩሎም ኣርእስታት ቁስሊ’ዮም። ውሽጣን ደጊኣን’ውን ቁስሊ’ዩ። \n 2017 እሱር ንምብጻሕ ዓዲ ኣበይቶ ኣብ ዝኸድኩሉ፡ በጻሕቲ ሰዓት ክሳብ ዝኣክል ተሰሪዕና ነበርና። ኣብ ጥቓይ ምስ ዝነበረት ወግዒ ጀሚርና። ኣብ ዕላል፡ ገዛውታ ስለ ዝሓበረትኒ ብዛዕባ’ዛ ህጻናት ራሕሪሓ ዝተጨውየት ስድራ ተወኪሰያ። \n “እወ እፈልጦም። ተኣሲሮም ዘለዉ’ንድዮም።” መሊሳትለይ። \n “እቲ ጡብ ከይ ገደፈ፡ ኣዲኡ ዝተኣስረት ህጻን ከመይ ኣሎ፧” ካብ’ተን ወትሩ ዝመላለሳኒ ሕቶታት ሓቲተያ። \n “እቶም ክዛረቦም ዝጸናሕኩ ክልተ ቆልዑዶ ርኢኽዮም፧ እቲ ሓደ ንሱ’ዩ። መግቢ ከብጽሕ መጺኡ” ‘ናኣመልከተት። \n “እቲ ወለዱ ክእሰሩ ከለዉ ዝጠቡ ዝነበረ ህጻን፡ መግቢ እሱራት ወለዱ ከብጽሕ መጺኡ...፧!” ኣብ ርእሰይን ልበይን ሰፍ ዘይብል ነገር ዝወደቐ ጠዓመኒ። ነቲ ሽዑ ዝተሰምዓኒ፡ ሕጂ ብቃላት ከስፍሮ፣ ዝገልጸለይ ቃል ኣይረኸብኩን። \n ግንቦት 2017 ወ/ሮ በላይነሽ፡ ወ/ሮ ስላስ ምስ በዓል ቤታን ካልኦትን ኣብ 10 ዓመታት ማእሰርቶም፡ ጉዳዮም ብሕጊ ከይተራእየ፡ ካብ ሸላታት ማይስርዋ ተለቒቖም። ሻቕሎት ስላስ ብዛዕባ ሓዋ ግን ገና... \n ሕግን ፍትሕን ቀቢሩ፡ ስቓይ ደቂ ኣንስትዮን ዛንታ ስድራ-ቤታትን ጎስዩ፡ ብጓይላ ውሑዳትን ኹዳ ዓመጽትን ዝበዓል መዓልቲ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ ምርኣይስ ክሳብ መኣስ ኰን ይኸውን፧!" } ] }, { "id": "b-3f5b13b27b8a872241ce322d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/30/0", "start": 14897, "end": 15275 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "· \n " }, { "text": "6. ዛንታ ክልተ ኣብርሀት ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ-ስርዋ", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-b5801b5a542b9baeafd93e77", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/32/0", "start": 15352, "end": 15356 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "*** *** ***\n ኣብርሀት ቀጣንን ኣብርሀት እንባየን ይብሃላ። ኣብ እዋን ዕጥቃዊ ቃልሲ ኣንጻር መግዛእቲ፡ ኣብ ስዑዲ ዓረብ ኰይኑ ንሰውራ ዝሕግዝን ዝድግፍን ብዝነበረ ኤርትራዊ ኣዝየን ፍሉጣት ምንባረን ዕላል ኣለኒ። ካብ ሜዳ ናብ ስዑድያ ዝገሹ ዝነበሩ ኩሎም ሓለፍቲ ህ.ግ. መዕረፊኦም ቤተን ምንባሩ’ውን ክደጋግም ሰሚዐ’ለኹ። ክልቲኤን ኣብ ስደት ኰይነን ኩሉ ነገረን ምእንቲ ናጽነት ሃገረን ዝሃባ፡ ንሰውራ ከም ውላደን ዝራረዋን ዝተቓለሳን ደቂ-ኣንስትዮ’የን። \n ዕድመአንን ጸጋአንን ዝሃባላ ኤርትራ መጺኣ። ግዜ ሽምግልንአን ኣብ ዓደን ከሕልፋ ካብ ስደተን ተመሊሰን። ትጽቢትን ክውንነትን ስለ ዝተገማጠለ ግን ምስዘን ኣዴታት፡ ኣብ ወተሃደራዊ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ-ስርዋ ተራኺብና። \n ዝተኣሰራሉ ግዜ (2007) ኣብርሀት እምባየ ከባቢ 60 ኣብርሀት ቀጣን ድማ ከባቢ 70 ዓመት ዕድመ ነይርወን። \n ምስ ኣብርሀት እንባየ ለካቲት 2010 ኣብ ሆስፒታል ሓሊበት ኣብ ሓንቲ ዓራት ደቂስና ተሓኪምና። እቲ ኣብ መርመራ ዘሕለፈቶ ኣሰቃቒ ማህረምቲ በሰላኡ ገና ኣይሃሰሰን ነይሩ። ምስ ቃንዛኣ ድግድጊት ተዓጢቓ፡ \n “ንዒ ስፖርት ንስራሕ። ምስ ወጻእና ሓንከስከስ ከይንብል” ክትብለኒ ከላ ሞራላ ይድንጽወኒ ነይሩ። ለይቲ ዝሓለመቶ፡ ቀትሪ እናተርጎመት’ውን “ግዲ’ብልክን ለንቀነ ክንወጽእ ኢና” ብዝብል ተስፍኣ ተገርመኒ ነይራ። \n ካልእ ፈጺመ ዘይርስዖ፡ ካብ ዝነበራ ቁስሊን መቑሕን ዝኸበደ ሻቕሎት’ውን ነይርዋ። ምስኣ ዝተኣስረ’ሞ ድሕሪ ምጅማር መርመራ፡ ክትርእዮን ድሃዩ ክትረክብን ዘይከኣለት ንእሽቶ ሓዋ ነይሩ። “ናብ ካልእ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ግዲ ኣግዒዘሞስ ደሃዩ ስኢነ” ኢላትኒ - ብትካዘ። እዚ ካብ ትብለኒ 10 ዓመት ኰይኑ’ሎ። ሻቕሎታ ክሳብ ሎሚ ኣብ ቦታኡ’ሎ። \n *** *** ***\n ኣብርሀት ቀጣን በቲ ኣብ ደገ ኰንካ ክትሰምዖ ዘተሓሳስብ፡ ኣብቲ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኰንካ ግን ዘዛኒ፡ 'ኢላቶን ጌራቶን' ዝብሃል ዕላላት’የ ዝፈልጣ። ክትእሰር ከላ፡ ትእሰር ምህላዋ ኣይተረድኣን። ዓጅብዋ ዝመጸ ወተሃደር ኰንቴነር ከፊቱ፡ \n “እተዊ” ኢልዋ። \n “ናበይ ክኣቱ፧” ሓቲታቶ። \n “ናብዚ. . .” መሊሱላ። \n “ኣነስ ናብዚ ኰንቴነር ክኣቱ፧” መሊሳ ሓቲታ። \n “እወ እተዊ. ...” ደጊሙላ። \n “እዚ ኰንቴነር’ኮ ካብ ስዑድያ ኣስቤዛኹምን ክዳንኩምን ጽዒነ ናብ ሜዳ ዘእትወሉ ዝነበርኩ’ዩ። ኣነስ ናብዚ ክኣቱ፧” \n “ትእዛዝ’ዩ። እተዊ...” \n ብዘይካ መልቀስን ዝተኣዘዘቶ ምትግባርን ኣማራጺ ኣይነበራን። \n ኣብ ዝሰዓበ ግዜ፡ ዝነበራ ስንክልና እግሪን ዕድመ ምድፋእን ተደማሚሩ፡ ማእሰርቲ ክኸብዳ ግድን ኰነ። ከም ሳዕቤኑ ከኣ ኣብራኻ ምዕጻፍ ስለ ዝተሸገረት ደው ኢላ ክትሸይን ጀመረት። ነዚ ዝሰምዐ ኩሉ ኣእውዩ። “ኣታ እንታይ ከተርእዩና ደሊኹም፧” እሱራት ተጣሪዖም። ኣብቲ በረኻ ድማ ብኣእማንን ጭቃን ብርኽ ዝበለ ኮፍ መበሊ ከም ዝስርሓላ ተገይሩ። “ኣብ ወተሃደራዊ ቤት-ማእሰርቲ ተጨውያ ካብ ትሳቐ፡ ስለምንታይ’ዩ ጉዳያ ናብ ሕጊ ቀሪቡ ዘይረአ፧” ክሓትት ዝኽእል ግን ሓደ’ኳ ኣይነበረን። \n ኣብርሀት ቀጣን፡ ዘውዲ (ኣብ ሸላ ቁጽሪ 21 ንገለ ግዜ ጎረቤተይ ዝነበረት ጥዕና ዘይነበራ ድሕሪ ምውጽኣ ዝዓረፈት ኣደ)ን ካልኦት ክልተ ደቂ ተባዕትዮን ክወጹ ከለዉ ኣብ ሸላ ቁጽሪ 22 ነይረ - 2010። \n ኣብርሀት እምባየ ምስ ካልኦት 5 ብጾታ ድሕሪ 10 ዓመታት ካብ ሸላ፡ ክትወጽእ ከላ ድማ ኣብ ኣስመራ ነይረ - 2017። \n እዛ ክልተ ኣብርሀት ዝነበረኣ ብኣደታትን ኣቦታትን ዝተዓብለለት 10ታት እሱራት ዝሓቘፈት ጉጅለ፡ ብለይቲ ገጾም ብምሽፋን’ዩ ኣሰቃቒ መርመራ ዝካየደላ ነይሩ። ሽማግለታት፡ ብለይቲ፡ ገጾም ሸፊንካ፡ መርመራ፡ መግረፍቲ...፧! ክትሓስቦ'ኳ... \n ጥሕሰት ሕጊ፡ ግህሰት መሰል፡ ጎብለልትነት ዓማጺ፡ ሕሉፍ ጭካነ... ብዘብለጭልጭ ሕብሪ ሸፊንካ፡ መዓልቲ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ ንምኽባር፡ ንህሉው ዛንታና ኣብ ዝኸሓደ ዳስ ምስዕሳዕስ እንታይ’ኮን ይጥዕም ይኸውን፧!" } ] }, { "id": "b-a7ea9853ee1a7189c9dab0e5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/34/0", "start": 17733, "end": 18175 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "l", "href": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=2573388939612799&id=2372496316368730&__cft__%5b0%5d=AZXI1d_MPuiJ5SDJKbV69SYkIWPwSrVfX0ra_d1gWwyiLKdDwl1f-af1hRSL3daBF1LOB_y7n7l6t-taZB30neI00hUrH6QHywbH06zk1bw75KfWZSHS2Ty2Eh5aoDaeMavSBzWOJNimYOI0oj-WO7UbqSWUoyWUKlnC0gEtLzu6PQ&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R" }, { "text": " · \n 7. “" }, { "text": "ኣነ ዘኽቲመ’የ ዓብየ። ደቀይ ድማ ድሓን ይዘኽትሙ”", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-82962575c8bb019c162c8f0a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/36/0", "start": 18633, "end": 18637 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "*** *** ***\n 21 ጥሪ ቅድሚ ሓሙሽተ ዓመታት ካብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ-ስርዋ ዝወጻእኩላ ዕለት! ዓሚ፡ እታ ናይ መወዳእታ ዕለት ማእሰርተይ ከመይ ከም ዝነበረት ብዝተናኽፍ ጽሑፍ ክዝክራ ፈቲነ ነይረ። ሎሚ ድማ ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ-ስርዋ ዝነውሐ ግዜ ካብ ዝገበሩን ክሳብ ሕጂ ኣብኡ ዘለዉን ብምዝካር ምሳኹም ሓቢረ ክዝክራ ደልየ’ለኹ። \n ተስፋኣለም መንግስትኣብ ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ማይ-ስርዋ ካብ ዘለዉ እሱራት እቲ ዝገደመ’ዩ። ድሕሪ ውሑድ ኣዋርሕ ካብ ዝተኣስረት ጉጅለ ድማ ዳዊት ሃብተማርያምን ማቲዎስ ሃብተማርያምን ዝብሃሉ ኣሕዋት ይርከቡ። ሰለስቲኦም እዞም ዕድመ ንእስነቶም ኣብ ኰንቴነራት ማይ-ስርዋ ኰይኖም ዝተፋነዉዎ ኣያታት ልዕሊ 12 ዓመት ኣቑጺሮም ኣለዉ። \n ካብ ሰለስቲኦም ቀሪበ ዘይፈልጦ ዳዊት’ዩ። ሓደ ግዜ፡ ኣብታ ኣብ ማይ ስርዋ እትርከብ ክሊኒክ ተረኣኢና። ብናይ ዓይኒ ቆላሕታን ፍሽኽታን ሰላምታ ተለዋዊጥና። ቅድሚኡን ድሕሪኡን ግን ኣብ ጸሎት ብዘለዎ ትግሃት፡ ብልዙብነቱን ዘይብተኽ ሞራሉን ክጥቀስ ሰሚዐ’ለኹ። ዳዊት፡ በዓል ሓዳርን ኣቦ ሰለስተን’ዩ። \n ምስ ማቲዎስ ፈለማ፡ ጥሪ 2010 ኣብ ሕክምና ዓይኒ ማይ-ተመናይ ተራኺብና። ድሒርና ድማ ኣብ ሆስፒታል ሓሊበት ብሓባር ንሰሙናት ደቂስና ተሓኪምና። \n እዞም ክልተ ኣሕዋት ኣብ ዘይተረሓሓቓ ነናቶም ኰንተነራት ተዓጽዮም ኣለዉ። እቲ ዝበዝሕ ግዜ ጥዕና ዝስእንን ናብ ሕክምና ዝመላለስን ማቲዎስ’ዩ። ቃንዝኡ ግን ንማቲዎስ ጥራይ ኣይኰነን። ዳዊት እቲ ኣብ ኰንቴነር ተዓጽዩ፡ ምንም ክገብርን ክብልን ዓቕሚ ዘይብሉ እሱር፡ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ሓዉ ዝሓምመላ ደቒቕ፡ ኣብ ቅድሚ ዓይኑ’ያ። ቃንዝኡ፡ እህህታኡ፡ ብሓፈሻ ክብደት ስምዒቱ... ክመዝን እፍትን’ሞ ይኸብደኒ። \n 2012 - ኣብ ሆስፒታል ሓሊበት ካብ ዝድቅስ ኣዋርሕ ገይረ ነይረ። ንህጹጽ ረዲኤት ሕሙም ዝሓዘት መኪና ኣድሚጻ። ዋርድያ፡ ሓኪም፡ መርማሪ ዓጅቦማ ነበሩ። እቲ ሕሙም ብሰባት ተጸይሩ ንውሽጢ ኣተወ። ተስፋኣለም መንግስትኣብ’ዩ። ሸበድበድ ናይ ሓካይም ሰዓበ። \n ኣብ ሳልስቱ ኣነ ንማይ-ስርዋ ስለ ዝተወሰድኩ ምስ ተስፋኣለም ካብ ሰላምታ ዝሓልፍ ናይ ዕላል ዕድል ኣይረኸብናን። እንተ ዀነ ኣብ ማይ-ስርዋ ብዛዕብኡ ዝነበረ ዕላል ብውዕዩ ኸሎ’የ ኣርኪበዮ። \n እቲ ወዲ ስዉእ፡ ኣቦ ሓሙሽተ ዉሉዳት፡ ህይወቱን ህይወት ስድራኡን ዝተመሳቐሎ ተስፋኣለም፡ መግቢ ብምሕሳም መዓልታት ከም ዘሕለፈ፡ ብሓካይም ንዝግበር ሓገዝ ““ኣነ ዘኽቲመ’የ ዓብየ። ደቀይ ድማ ድሓን ይዘኽትሙ” ኢሉ ከም ዝኣበየ፡ ምልክታት ሞት ምስ ኣንጸላለዉዎ ኣብ ከባቢኡ ዝነበሩ እሱራት ንብዓቶም ከም ዝወድኡን ከም ዝቐበጽዎን ሰማዕኩ። \n ኣብ'ዚ ግዜ'ዚ፡ ደቂ ተስፋኣለምን ደቂ ዳዊትን ‘ደጊም’ቶም ዝንኣሱ ማእከላይ ደረጃ፡ እቶም ዝዓበዩ ድማ ልዕሊኡን ኪንኡን በጺሖም ኣለዉ’ ኢለ እግምት። \n “ኣቦይ ኣበይ ኣሎ፧” ዝብል ሕቶኦም \n “ገይሹ’ሎ ክመጽእ’ዩ።” ንዝብል መተዓሻሸዊ ሰጊሩ፡ \n “ልቢ ሰዂዖም’ዮም” ተባሂሎም፡ ሃለዋት ኣቦታትቶም ተነጊርዎም ይኸውን ኢለ እሓስብ። \n እዚ ዛንታ’ዚ ጸይሮም፡ ኣብቲ ቤት ትምህርቶም፡ ኣብ መንጎ መዛንኦም ኰይኖም፡ \n “ኤርትራ... \n በዓል ደማ እናልቀሰ ተደምሲሱ \n መስዋእታ ብሓርነት ተደቢሱ...” \n ክዝምሩ ከለዉስ ልቦምከ እንታይ ትብል ትኸውን፧ ኣቦታቶም ኣብ ሕጊ ክንዲ ዝቐርቡ፡ ኣብ ዘይርእይዎም ቦታ ምስዋሮም ከመይ ይርድኦም ይኸውን፧ እታ ልዕልና ሕጊን ደቃን ብሓንሳብ ዝተጨውዩላ ኤርትራኸ ከመይ ትርኣዮም፧ \n ነዚ ሓቂ’ዚ ንኸይሰምዑ ኣእዛኖም ወቲፎም፡ ኣፎም ዝኸፍቱ ‘ኣሕዋት’ ድማ’ለዉና! ከስዐ’ደ..." } ] }, { "id": "b-fe237c456b0b2481fac9beb3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/38/0", "start": 20785, "end": 20785 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "· \n " }, { "text": "8. እቶም ጓሶት ህዝቢ፡ እንክጓሰዩ!", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-f5d1da6edd63932393dcd772", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/40/0", "start": 20859, "end": 20863 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "*** *** ***\n ዝሓለፈ ወርሒ ምስ ገጣሚ ቀሺ ዮናስ ወልደሩፋኤል ድሕሪ 13 ዓመታት ብኣካል ተራኺብና። ብዛዕባ’ቶም ኣብ ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ዘለዉ ኣቦታትን መራሕትን ቤተክርስትያን ኦርተዶክስ ኣመልኪቱ ዘልዓለለይ ሕቶ ዝበርበረቶ ዝኽሪ’የ ዝጽሕፎ ዘለኹ። \n ኣብ ሆስፒታል ሓሊበት፡ ኣብ እግሪ ቤተክርስትያን ቅ/ገብርኤል እትርከብ prison ward ካብ ኩሉ ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ንዝለዓለ ሕክምና ዝተላእኩ እሱራት’ዮም ዝግልገሉላ - ብዘይካ ካብ ዒራ-ዒሮ። \n ኣብዚ ቦታ ደቂሰ እናተሓከምኩ ካብ ዝረኸብክዎም እሱራት ሓደ፡ ዶክተር ቀሺ ፍጹምብርሃን ገብረንጉስ’ዩ - 2014። \n (ሓደ መዓልቲ ኣብ 2013 ‘ውን ኣቡነ ኣንጦንዮስ ብዋርድያታት ተዓጅቦም ኣብዚ ቀጽሪ ኣተዉ። ኣዒንቲ ኩሉና ኣብ ዙርያኦም ዓለበ። ቅዝዝ ዝበለ ገጽ እሱራት፡ ዋርድያታትን ሓካይምን እዝክር። እቲ ኣጋጣሚ፡ ልቡ ጨዲዱ ንዓማጺ ንዘረከበ ሰብ ከይተረፈ ከጉሂ፡ ጭካነ ዓማጺ ኣጉሊሑ ከርኢ፡ ሕቶታት ከመንጩ... ዘኽእል ምርኢት ነበረ። እዞም ኣቦ፡ ብሓኪም ተራእዮም ከም ዝምለሱ ስለ ዝተገብረ እንታይ ስዒቡ ክፈልጥ ኣይከኣልኩን።)\n 2014 ምስ ዶክተር ቀሺ ፍጹም ክንራኸብ ከለና፡ ቅድሚኡ ግዜ “ኣብ ሓሊበት ምህላዉ ናብ እዝኒ ቤተሰብ ሊሒኹ” ብዝብል ምኽንያት ሕክምናኡ ከይወደአ ከም ዝተወስደ ሰሚዐ ነይረ። ኣብዛ ዝተራኸብናላ እዋን ኣብ እግሩ ድሕሪ ዝተገብረሉ መጥባሕቲ ፊዝዮትራፒ ተኣዚዙሉ ነበረ’ሞ፡ ክልቴና ብነናትና ዋርድያ ተዓጅብና ናብ ውሽጢ ሓሊበት ተወሰድና። \n “ትጥዕዪዶ’ለኺ፧” \n “ድሓን’የ። ንስኻኸ እግርኻ... ፧” \n ካብ’ዘን ሕቶታት ምሕላፍ ኣይክኣልን’ዩ። ናብራ... ምስ ዋርድያ ‘ናተሓላለኻ ስለ ዝዀነ። እቶም ዘኽብሩኻ ዝጸልእዎ ክትገብር ኣይትደልን። ካብ'ቶም ዝጭክኑልካ ከኣ ክትጥንቀቕ ኣለካ። \n ንዶክተር ፍጹም ክዝክር ከለኹ ቀዲሙ ናብ ኣእምሮይ ዝመጽእ ፍሽኽትኡ’ዩ። ሓይሊ መንፈሳዊ እምነት ብግብሪ ዝረኣኽዎ ኣብ ዶክተር ፍጹም’ዩ። ኣብቲ ጸልማት፡ ኣብ ትሕቲ ፍጹም ዓመጽ ይትረፍ፡ ኣብ መድረኻት ምዕዳል ሽልማት’ኳ ክትስእኖ እትኽእል ፍሽኽታ! \n እዚ ክርኢ ከለኹ፡ ንሱ ዘይፈልጦ ብድሕሪኡ ኣብ ሓዳሩ፡ ዘጋጠመ ዕንወት እፈልጥ ነበርኩ። ብድሕሪኡ፡ ኣብ ቤቱ እንታይ ኣጋጢሙ ከም ዘሎ ፈጺሙ ምስ ዘይፈልጥ ናይ ሽግርን ጸበባን ብጻይካ እናዕለልካ ዝህሉ ውሽጣዊ ቃንዛ፡ ስምዒትካ ናይ ምቁጽጻር ቃልሲ፡ ምኩሕ ይፈትኖ! \n “እንታይ ደኣ ምስ ብጾትኪ ዘይወጻእኪ፧” ሓቲቱኒ። \n “እንድዒ! ንዓይ’ውን ኣይተረድኣንን” \n “ተራር ዲኺ፧” \n “ኣይኮንኩን። እኳ ደኣ ሰነፍን በኻይትን’የ” \n “ኣጆኺ! ኩሉ ነገር ንእግዛብሔር ሃብዮ” \n ካብዚ ንላዕሊ ክንመላለስ ዕድል ኣይነበረን። ርእሰይ ጠቒሰ “ሕራይ” ኢለ። \n ውሑድ ግዜ ኢና ብሓባር ናብ ፊዝዮትራፒ ተመላሊስና። ኣብ ቀጽሪ ፕሪዝን ዋርድ ግን ሓያሎ መዓልታት ብምጥምማት ጥራይ ሰላምታ ተለዋዊጥና። \n “እተዉ ስከ ሰዓት ኣኺሉ’ዩ ኩልኻ እቶ...” ዋርድያ ዓው ኢሉ ክድሀ ጎፍ ተበሃሃልና። \n “እውይ ኣታ ክንደይ ትሓስም! ቀስከ ዘይትብል። በቲ ኣብ ዝባኖም ዘሎ መዓርግስ'ምበር...” \n “ንበዓል ዶክተር ዲኺ ተሰኪፍክሎም። ናይ ልበይ ከም ዘይኰነ ይፈልጡ’ዮም። ወሪድዎም! ንበዳሊኦም ዘመስግኑ ሰባት’ዮም” መሊሱለይ። ዶክተር ፍጹም እታ ልምድቲ ፍሽኽትኡ ሓዊሱልና ሓሊፉ። ዋርድያ ዘረባ ቀጺሉ። \n “እንሀለዉልኪ...፡ እዚኦምስ ህዝብን ሃገርን ምኋሰዩ’ምበር፡ ብኣናዶ ምተጓሰዩ፧!”" } ] } ], "anchors": {}, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/4", "start": 22966, "end": 23597 }, "text": "ehrea.org © 2004-2017. 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Torture and ill-treatment of prisoners", "original_title": "4", "title_provenance": { "policy": "ehrea-display-titles-v1", "title": "4. Torture and ill-treatment of prisoners", "original_title": "4", "method": "editorial-source-evidence", "confidence": "high", "review_required": false, "editorial_note": "Source heading transcribed verbatim; no translation or metadata rewrite.", "source_sha256": "1a8181eeef11c600df5b3ff60a50e766aca1ae43a665e6a6f62a14570afc2858", "evidence": [ { "kind": "catalog-text", "quote": "4. Torture and ill-treatment of prisoners" } ] }, "editorial_title": true, "title_review_required": false, "alternate_titles": [ "4", "4. Torture and ill-treatment of prisoners" ], "language": "en", "author": null, "byline": null, "byline_role": null, "date": null, "metadata_evidence": [], "text": "4. Torture and ill-treatment of prisoners \"Robel Goniche, a young man from Asmara [deported from Malta(17) and detained at Adi Abeto prison] was shot at the edge of the compound trying to escape and later died. All 27 who tried to escape were badly beaten, flat on the ground, until some were bleeding on the head with teeth and lips cut. One had an arm broken, which never healed straight, and another had his leg cut with a bayonet.\" Former Adi Abeto detainee deported with him from Malta. \"Ermias [detained in Dahlak Kebir island, a returnee from Germany] escaped twice. After four days free in his second escape attempt he was caught trying to get a boat out of the island. 10 guards surrounded him and two other captured escapees, including Habtom Tekleab, an ex-Malta deportee. They beat them in front of us until they were vomiting blood. They tied them in ‘helicopter’ method for 55 days outside in the heat. Ermias’ skin colour changed, his body swelled and he couldn’t walk. For the first two days he was refused food, but the prisoners fed him. I don't know if he is still alive.\" Former Dahlak Kebir island detainee. Amnesty International has received new and consistent reports of the widespread and systematic use of torture and ill-treatment of prisoners, particularly by the military against national service conscripts. Torture is used as a standard form of military punishment. Prisoners are commonly beaten but the special and principle torture method is \"tying\". This was previously used by the EPLF as a punishment within its own forces during the liberation struggle and has been extended since independence. Some of these torture methods are similar to those used by the Ethiopian security forces against suspected supporters of the Eritrean liberation movement in the 1970s and 1980s. Amnesty International has documented torture and ill-treatment of prisoners through interviewing released or escaped prisoners, though it cannot reveal their names due to fears of reprisals against them, even outside Eritrea, or against their families inside Eritrea. More information is beginning to emerge despite the government's secrecy, intimidation, security control and restriction of investigative access to the country. The secrecy in which political prisoners are detained, to the extent that virtually all are detained incommunicado and have effectively \"disappeared\", makes them particularly vulnerable to torture and ill-treatment, and at severe risk to their physical integrity or even their lives. Medical treatment for torture injuries or illnesses caused or exacerbated by prison conditions is not provided in any of these places of detention beyond the most minimal medication dispensed by medical assistants. Referrals to hospital are difficult to obtain, long-delayed and rarely result in satisfactory treatment. Torture methods The most commonly described torture method is tying with rope, and the most common form is nicknamed \"the helicopter\". It can take different forms and other forms of tying also have different names. \"The helicopter\": the victim is tied with a rope by hands and feet behind the back, lying on the ground face down, outside in the hot sun, rain or freezing cold nights, stripped of upper garments. This is a punishment allocated for a particular number of days, the maximum reported being 55 days in the Dahlak Kebir island prison, but it is more often one or two weeks. The prisoner is tied in this position 24 hours a day, except for two or three short breaks for meals and toilet functions. \"Otto\" (Italian for \"eight\"): the victim is tied with hands behind the back and left face down on the ground, but without the legs tied. \"Jesus Christ\": the victim is stripped to the waist, wrists tied, and standing on a block with hands tied to a tree branch; the block is removed, leaving the victim suspended with the feet just off the ground in a crucifix-like posture. Beatings are inflicted on the bare back. This is said to be an extremely severe torture, restricted to only 10-15 minutes to avoid serious lasting injury. This method was first reported from Adi Abeto prison in 2003. \"Ferro\" (Italian for \"iron\"): the wrists are bound behind the back with metal handcuffs while the victim lies on the ground face down and is beaten with sticks or whipped with an electric wire on the back and buttocks. \"Torch\" or \"Number eight\": inside a special torture room, the victim is tied up by wrists behind the back and with the feet bound; a stick is placed under the knees and supported on a framework on both sides horizontally, and the body is turned upside down with the feet exposed. The soles of the feet are beaten with sticks or whipped. (This was a common punishment in Ethiopia and pre-independence Eritrea under the Dergue.) Torture used in interrogations of political prisoners held in security prisons has allegedly also included electric shocks and sexual torture – a coca-cola bottle filled with water and tied to the testicles. Atrocious prison conditions \"In July 2003 we were taken to Dahlak Kebir island, 130 in a truck, lying on top of one another, then on to a boat to the island. Torture continued there for some prisoners – ‘helicopter’ and ‘Jesus Christ’. We did hard labour – building houses, carrying goods off boats, cleaning soldiers’ quarters, from about 8am to 2pm each day. I was accused of spying for Ethiopia [because of being of part-Ethiopian origin] and was tortured by ‘ferro’ method for a week.\" Former detainee on Dahlak Kebir island. \"The food was very poor and looked like washing-up water. It consisted of half-cooked bread, lentils, and half-cooked unsalted cabbage, in very small quantities. It was placed in a communal bowl in our cell where we had to eat by hand – about six spoonfuls’ amount each for 26 prisoners. We were given half a cup of tea in the morning, and two meals a day at noon and 4pm. We had tap water to drink, but not enough. There was an open toilet in the cell. We could only wash once in two weeks. We slept on the floor, which was often damp, with two thin blankets. Many of us were suffering from stress. I had arthritis, like many other prisoners. After complaining for a long time I was finally taken to hospital for tests but only given aspirin. The elderly prisoners with us - some of them over 80 years old, such as Suleiman Musa Haji and Sunabera Mohamed Demena - were all in very poor health.\" Former detainee in Wenjel Mermera prison in Asmara, early 2004. \"After seven months in Dahlak Kebir island, in July 2003 we were taken to the mainland in small groups and taken to different prisons. I was sent to Haddis Ma’askar. We were kept in handcuffs. I was held in a 2x2 metre underground cell holding myself and another prisoner. It was very hot, with no light and we had no shoes. There were about 1,000 prisoners there, some in big cells holding 200. The building was completely underground, fairly recently built. Prisoners were there for different offences – deserting from the army, spying for Ethiopia, etc. We were occasionally taken to work – fetching firewood, for example. We had to perform toilet functions in the fields around. Other prisoners were told we were ‘Jihad’ (armed Islamists) and they did not know we had come from Malta. I escaped with another prisoner during a toilet break and reached the Sudan border after three days.\" Former detainee in Haddis Ma’askar army prison near Sawa, ex-Malta deportee. Political prisoners are held in numerous built or make-shift prisons throughout the country, mostly secret with access prohibited and not officially designated as prisons. Many of these prisons are underground. They are under the control of the military or the internal security service, including at the main Sawa army base. Some political prisoners are held incommunicado in secret security sections of official police stations or of officially-designated prisons (such as in Sembel prison in Asmara). In contrast, prisoners for suspected ordinary crimes in official civilian prisons and police stations are normally allowed family visits and food, and their conditions broadly conform to international standards. Members of the armed forces and national service conscripts are held in military prisons, including custodial \"rehabilitation centres\" in army units. One of the most frequently-named prisons holding recently-arrested political prisoners is Adi Abeto prison near Asmara. This is used for conscripts, returned asylum seekers, and members of minority churches. The security service is also said to control many secret \"safe houses\" in Asmara and other towns which are used for short-term detention and interrogation. Metal shipping containers, brought from Assab and Massawa ports and used elsewhere for ordinary purposes such as for storage or even as shops, offices or homes, are now widely used to accommodate the expanding number of prisoners and also for punishment purposes. They have been reported at Sawa military training centre (where 57 religious prisoners were held in containers in mid-2003), Adi Abeto prison, Dahlak Kebir prison, Mai Serwa, Alla near Decamare, Mai Edaga near Decamhare, Mai Temenei in Asmara, Tehadasso army prison, and other prisons.", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "a8c50cd65a4d121b6d96fd63", "source_sha256": "a3c4b83e8ba0441ba8c5190ff6c06c4f8f332ee89c1f2f19ce66a03fa79d7f02", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-b08af66e98f951f5b51a8327", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/1", "start": 7, "end": 62 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "4. Torture and ill-treatment of prisoners", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-f56b115087ed6a168a80cce0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/3/0", "start": 67, "end": 71 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"Robel Goniche, a young man from Asmara [deported from Malta(17) and detained at Adi Abeto prison] was shot at the edge of the compound trying to escape and later died. All 27 who tried to escape were badly beaten, flat on the ground, until some were bleeding on the head with teeth and lips cut. One had an arm broken, which never healed straight, and another had his leg cut with a bayonet.\" ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "Former Adi Abeto detainee deported with him from Malta." } ] }, { "id": "b-5f4b3aa4ddc43085cec84899", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/0", "start": 538, "end": 542 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"" }, { "text": "Ermias [detained in Dahlak Kebir island, a returnee from Germany] escaped twice. After four days free in his second escape attempt he was caught trying to get a boat out of the island. 10 guards surrounded him and two other captured escapees, including Habtom Tekleab, an ex-Malta deportee. They beat them in front of us until they were vomiting blood. They tied them in ‘helicopter’ method for 55 days outside in the heat. Ermias’ skin colour changed, his body swelled and he couldn’t walk. For the first two days he was refused food, but the prisoners fed him. I don't know if he is still alive.\" ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "Former Dahlak Kebir island detainee." } ] }, { "id": "b-e51b57e82921b1acafae2cef", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/7/0", "start": 1196, "end": 1200 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Amnesty International has received new and consistent reports of the widespread and systematic use of torture and ill-treatment of prisoners, particularly by the military against national service conscripts. Torture is used as a standard form of military punishment. Prisoners are commonly beaten but the special and principle torture method is \"tying\". This was previously used by the EPLF as a punishment within its own forces during the liberation struggle and has been extended since independence. Some of these torture methods are similar to those used by the Ethiopian security forces against suspected supporters of the Eritrean liberation movement in the 1970s and 1980s." } ] }, { "id": "b-c9979070595ae868ffc52380", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/9/0", "start": 1890, "end": 2921 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Amnesty International has documented torture and ill-treatment of prisoners through interviewing released or escaped prisoners, though it cannot reveal their names due to fears of reprisals against them, even outside Eritrea, or against their families inside Eritrea. More information is beginning to emerge despite the government's secrecy, intimidation, security control and restriction of investigative access to the country. The secrecy in which political prisoners are detained, to the extent that virtually all are detained incommunicado and have effectively \"disappeared\", makes them particularly vulnerable to torture and ill-treatment, and at severe risk to their physical integrity or even their lives. Medical treatment for torture injuries or illnesses caused or exacerbated by prison conditions is not provided in any of these places of detention beyond the most minimal medication dispensed by medical assistants. 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The soles of the feet are beaten with sticks or whipped. (This was a common punishment in Ethiopia and pre-independence Eritrea under the Dergue.)" } ] }, { "id": "b-19eee7ba5d27b5cac3defa04", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/29/0", "start": 5007, "end": 5213 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Torture used in interrogations of political prisoners held in security prisons has allegedly also included electric shocks and sexual torture – a coca-cola bottle filled with water and tied to the testicles." } ] }, { "id": "b-93d0538205096ba5c9596bf9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/32/0", "start": 5229, "end": 5262 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Atrocious prison conditions", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-12eadec703ba957513520739", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/35/0", "start": 5279, "end": 5747 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"In July 2003 we were taken to Dahlak Kebir island, 130 in a truck, lying on top of one another, then on to a boat to the island. Torture continued there for some prisoners – ‘helicopter’ and ‘Jesus Christ’. We did hard labour – building houses, carrying goods off boats, cleaning soldiers’ quarters, from about 8am to 2pm each day. I was accused of spying for Ethiopia [because of being of part-Ethiopian origin] and was tortured by ‘ferro’ method for a week.\" ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "Former detainee on Dahlak Kebir island." } ] }, { "id": "b-08c5f33239d46f18678f6204", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/0", "start": 5796, "end": 5800 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"The food was very poor and looked like washing-up water. It consisted of half-cooked bread, lentils, and half-cooked unsalted cabbage, in very small quantities. It was placed in a communal bowl in our cell where we had to eat by hand – about six spoonfuls’ amount each for 26 prisoners. We were given half a cup of tea in the morning, and two meals a day at noon and 4pm. We had tap water to drink, but not enough. There was an open toilet in the cell. We could only wash once in two weeks. We slept on the floor, which was often damp, with two thin blankets. Many of us were suffering from stress. I had arthritis, like many other prisoners. After complaining for a long time I was finally taken to hospital for tests but only given aspirin. The elderly prisoners with us - some of them over 80 years old, such as Suleiman Musa Haji and Sunabera Mohamed Demena - were all in very poor health.\" ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "Former detainee in Wenjel Mermera prison in Asmara, early 2004" }, { "text": ".", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-884ad198ed049177fb1e658a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/39/0", "start": 6784, "end": 6788 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"After seven months in Dahlak Kebir island, in July 2003 we were taken to the mainland in small groups and taken to different prisons. I was sent to Haddis Ma’askar. We were kept in handcuffs. I was held in a 2x2 metre underground cell holding myself and another prisoner. It was very hot, with no light and we had no shoes. There were about 1,000 prisoners there, some in big cells holding 200. The building was completely underground, fairly recently built. Prisoners were there for different offences – deserting from the army, spying for Ethiopia, etc. We were occasionally taken to work – fetching firewood, for example. We had to perform toilet functions in the fields around. Other prisoners were told we were ‘Jihad’ (armed Islamists) and they did not know we had come from Malta. I escaped with another prisoner during a toilet break and reached the Sudan border after three days.\" ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "Former detainee in Haddis Ma’askar army prison near Sawa, ex-Malta deportee." } ] }, { "id": "b-1647768117312a74ee4697ca", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/41/0", "start": 7773, "end": 8488 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Political prisoners are held in numerous built or make-shift prisons throughout the country, mostly secret with access prohibited and not officially designated as prisons. Many of these prisons are underground. They are under the control of the military or the internal security service, including at the main Sawa army base. Some political prisoners are held incommunicado in secret security sections of official police stations or of officially-designated prisons (such as in Sembel prison in Asmara). In contrast, prisoners for suspected ordinary crimes in official civilian prisons and police stations are normally allowed family visits and food, and their conditions broadly conform to international standards." } ] }, { "id": "b-869af18c051dd1d736a118b7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/43/0", "start": 8497, "end": 8854 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Members of the armed forces and national service conscripts are held in military prisons, including custodial \"rehabilitation centres\" in army units. One of the most frequently-named prisons holding recently-arrested political prisoners is Adi Abeto prison near Asmara. This is used for conscripts, returned asylum seekers, and members of minority churches." } ] }, { "id": "b-bbd4192c8c6a2ab4e55ff5e0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/0", "start": 8863, "end": 9018 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The security service is also said to control many secret \"safe houses\" in Asmara and other towns which are used for short-term detention and interrogation." } ] }, { "id": "b-cec6669c1df2012952b5b598", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/0", "start": 9027, "end": 9576 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Metal shipping containers, brought from Assab and Massawa ports and used elsewhere for ordinary purposes such as for storage or even as shops, offices or homes, are now widely used to accommodate the expanding number of prisoners and also for punishment purposes. They have been reported at Sawa military training centre (where 57 religious prisoners were held in containers in mid-2003), Adi Abeto prison, Dahlak Kebir prison, Mai Serwa, Alla near Decamare, Mai Edaga near Decamhare, Mai Temenei in Asmara, Tehadasso army prison, and other prisons." } ] } ], "anchors": {}, "removed_template": [], "ambiguities": [], "encoding_flags": [ "non_utf8_source_bytes" ] }, "signature": "1c79b18ea05b755e6d3fd68292510ef470c55de82c67fc1fe0763230f4a5c4dc", "categories": [ { "id": "detention-torture", "title": "Detention and torture", "evidence": "4. 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Yonas Araya, contributed and has sole responsibility for the content on this", "original_sha256": "19e7c51f080e62722436e321e2f9c264be2f27703288c015283c6417ae587101" } ], "text": "Issayas Afeworki Has the Worst, and One-of-its-kind Prison System. Here are some of the rules that govern PFDJ's prison system and the way the PFDJ/EPLF deals with its many political prisoners, prison guards, families of political prisoners, and Amnesty International: Prisoners must lie down on the ground day and night, and only on their backs. Prisoners must stare at the sky, or at the ceiling, for as long as they have been in prison. Some have been doing this for several years. Prisoners cannot jerk, or make any slight movements while lying down, no matter how much uncomfortable or fatigued they are. Prisoners are prohibited from scratching any part of their bodies. Prisoners are not allowed to glance left or right; they are not allowed to make any eye contacts with prison guards. They are not allowed to make any eye contacts with inmates, even when they are at a lunch or dinner table (ma'adi). They are not allowed to tell apart who they are with. Prisoners are assigned unique numbers by which to be identified, thereby prevented from identifying the names of their inmates in the event, and if they are released. Prisoners are prohibited from making any contact with their loved ones. Families are explicitly prohibited or systematically prevented from visiting their imprisoned loved ones. Prison guards are prevented from talking about any prisoners. . Amnesty International is explicitly or systematically prevented from contacting prisoners; it is explicitly or systematically prevented from discovering on what charges the prisoners are in prison; it is explicitly or systematically prevented from discovering the whereabouts of prisoners; it is explicitly prevented from locating the locations of prisons and from knowing the number of political prisoners. If anyone is wondering now who these prisoners are (even now as I write this article), some of you might've guessed it right, yes, they are Eritrean tegadelti, patriotic Eritreans who voluntarily left their comfortable homes and families to liberate Eritrea. But the mistreatment of prisoners is only one part of the story, because worse than the mistreatment, though some of the prisoners might not consider it worse is that, it is told that execution of prisoners was common in EPLF's prisons. According to Teklay Aden, the former chief of EPLF's prison system, by 1978, Issayas had executed close to 3000 tegadelti. One might downplay, and for a good reason, saying, what do you expect from Teklay Aden. But his claims were supported by many individuals thus the claims and rumors cannot simply be dismissed as speculations and allegations, although one can admit that there obviously is so much exaggeration in the reports. Some of the victims were accused of plotting to overthrow the system (Issayas), others were accused on the bases of someday in the future they might become a threat to the system (Issayas), and others were accused on the bases of someday they could be persuaded by someone else to rise against the system (Issayas). The majority of the victims are Christians. Moreover, many also believe, in order to whitewash the traces of his crimes, Issayas Afeworki had been executing the personnel that he made instrumental in carrying out the execution of the prisoners. Again it is hard to prove or disprove such allegations but it would be a mistake to categorically dismiss them as fabrications. Something really unusual must have happened and must be happening. According to the internal rules of the EPLF of the mid-1970s and thereafter, anyone sentenced by court marshal for execution could not be executed without the formal signature of the head of the Front. But at some point, according to Teclay Aden and other individuals, Issayas himself did not want to take the responsibility and was ignoring the court's papers put on his desk by the court for his signature. He would either let the papers collect dusts forever, or if the court inquired about the papers, he would, acting angrily, throw the papers at it. Therefore the court was being puzzled not knowing whether it should release the prisoners and bear the wrath of Issayas afterwards, or execute the inmates without requiring his signature. Eventually, according to Teklay Aden and many other individuals, the court devised a plan that would spare it from the scolding of Issayas; it started sending the \"convicts\" into combat raids as cannon fodders against Ethiopian garrisons, of course without hinting the inmates that they had been sentenced to death. It would send them into combat over and over until they were killed in combat, then it would list them as martyrs. Again these are allegations that could not be proved or disproved. According to the reports from many individuals, although many ordinary \"convicted\" tegadelti were executed in this method, members of the politburo, or senior military or political commissars were usually executed by a fire squad but the cause of each victim's death was explained to tegadelti as the victim having committed suicide, except when Issayas saw a reason to capitalize on the victim's good name, that is, if the victim's name could be used as a bait to lure more recruits, then in such cases, the public and tegadelti were informed as the victim had been martyred heroically in combat. The latter method allowed Issayas to kill two birds with one stone: to eliminate his real or imaginary enemy, and to entice the victim's fans to cement their commitment to Issayas by following in the footstep of their martyred hero. I ask the readers now to stop and think this: Has someone who portrayed himself as a high priest, the defender of Christians, someone who created a splinter group because he could not stand the \"persecution of Christians at the hands of Moslems\", been given a carte blanche to kill as many Christians as he wanted? The Formation of a Splinter Group by Issayas Afeworki. Was there a valid reason for Issayas to form a splinter group? Could, the problem that Issayas had with Kiada al Ama, have been resolved through peaceful means? Have Eritrean Christians benefitted from the front that Issayas had claimed to have formed on their behalf? How and why did he become so popular among the Christians? Did Issayas form a splinter group to benefit the Christians or to quench his thirst for power? When in February of 1970, Issayas asked the leaders of ELF for a permission to go to Ala, Akeleguzai, he did not disclose to them what his real intention was. He actually expressed to them that he would come back to participate in the First National Congress for which a preparation was underway. The Congress was to discuss all the shortcomings of the Front, and possibly to devise a resolution to the concerns of many, including those of Issayas. Then again, it soon became clear to everyone that Issayas was up to no good when, half way into his journey, he ordered two tegadelti, who happened to be Moslems, from the group of tegadelti who were assigned to accompany him to return to Barka, but continued his journey to Ala along with only the Christians whom he had chosen to accompany him. Later on he issued an official declaration under the title of \"niHnan Alaman\" and made it known to the public of his intention to form his own splinter group and gave the following reasons why it was important for him to form his own front: 1. Two Christian tegadelti, Wolday Gidey and Kidane Kiflu, who were assigned to work in Kassala, Sudan, were executed by Kiada al Ama. 2. More than 50 of Christian peasants were murdered by ELF in Shimbare. 3. In the mid-1960s, more than one hundred Christian tegadelti were ordered to be killed by ELF. Again later he broadened his reasons for forming his own front by adding a fourth reason: 4. More than 150 Christian students known by Seria Addis were executed by Kiada al Ama. Were Christian Eritreans Persecuted Inside ELF? In the Sixties, many Christians who joined the ELF felt mistreated by the Lowlanders though many also admitted the feeling of mistreatment felt by the Christians might have emanated from a cultural clash between the Lowlanders and the Highlanders in that many Moslems who were raised in the Highlands were also feeling the cultural clash that their Christian colleagues were experiencing, to some degree. Still there might have been a mistreatment of the Christians by some Moslems because the Adobha conference by which Issayas was elected to be a member of the leadership (just a member, which could hardly quench his thirst for power), had also recognized the problems and thus had set out to investigate and find a rectification. Of course no one should assume all the problems and concerns of the Moslems and Christians would be resolved by one conference alone, but given enough time, through many conferences and congresses, the leaders of that time might have outgrown their mistakes. Again if the Lowlanders were really as bad to all Highlanders as Issayas was describing them, then given enough time, I say no later than by the mid-1970s, they would've changed their positions toward the Christians because they, including the misguided members of ELF, would have realized that they could not liberate all of Eritrea without the participation of the Christian Highlanders, but also, if only Issayas had sought other methods to run away from the problem, and if only Issayas had not been so obsessed with becoming a leader. Nevertheless, Issayas's action could have been justified but only if he formed a pristine organization. But that has not been the case, in fact, it did not take him too long not only to repeat the mistakes of Jabha, but by his deeds to surpass, except in a more sophisticated way, the crimes which he had been claiming to be committed by Kiada al Ama. Again there might have been some mistreatment of Christians by some Moslem tegadelti. For example, Memhir Wolday Kahsay, the leader of Zone Five, defected to Ethiopia when he believed that there was a mistreatment of Christians, but also when he believed he could not rectify it in his power. In my hindsight, Memhir Wolday did the right thing and furthermore in my hindsight, the Christians, the Revolution, and the nation as whole would've been better off had Issayas followed in the footsteps of Memhir Woldai Kahsay and deserted to Ethiopia. After all, Ethiopia was treating the Christians better than it was treating the Moslems, so it was not a matter of life and death that the Christians form a liberation front of their own at that time. They could have stayed with Ethiopia until the problems that Issayas was perceiving were cleared. The mistreatment the Christians experienced by the few inexperienced and misguided Moslem tegadelti could never have surpassed the sufferings that Issayas has inflicted upon the Christians in particular and the nation as a whole over the years. Because, by forming his own splinter group, Issayas destroyed the unity of Eritreans, caused civil war to prevail, sent the Revolution into a tailspin, and also sent Ethiopia a message of hope that said Eritreans would someday self-destruct. And as far as the other two splinter groups founded by Osman Salih Sabe and the Oboleen, those factions could not succeed politically and militarily on their own unless they could dramatically change their programs, and even then, they could hardly contribute to Christian/Moslem religious polarization. But let's assume the Lowlander tegadelti were persecuting the Christian tegadelti, or that they were showing hostility against the Christians for whatever reason. If so, forming a splinter group was hardly a way to combat such prejudice, because by running away from those Issayas had believed prejudiced against him, he also ran away from the problem. But still the prejudice from the few misguided individuals might be justified to some degree. Firstly, every revolution movement makes mistakes in its early age. Secondly, the 1960s were the years when horrific atrocities were being committed by Ethiopia exclusively against Moslem Eritreans. Thirdly, the 1960s were also the year when Ethiopia had succeeded in its divide and rule plot in Eritrea thus recruited Christian Eritreans into its regular and militia armies to help it fight against the liberation fronts and Eritrean Moslem civilians. Fourthly, in the 1960s, the ELF was comprised of a very few educated individuals; the majority of its members had no education, no political, and cultural consciousness. If the crimes committed by the very few uneducated and politically inexperienced individuals, whose parents were massacred and whose villages leveled to the ground with the help of some Highlanders cannot be justified, then, how could the blind followers of Issayas now justify the massacre of the heroic, disabled Liberation War veterans by Issayas in 1994. Ok, it could be true that there might have been some prejudice from some individual Moslem tegadelti against the Christians, but still many of those who later studied the history of the 1960s could not find a trace of any organized conspiracy by Eritrean Moslems against the then minority in number Christians in ELF. Of the reasons that Issayas pointed out for his political elopement, it was true innocent peasants were murdered in Shimbare; Kidane and Wolday were murdered, students known as Seria Addis were executed by the ELF. The exact number of the Shimbare's victims always varied, but it was believed that they were between 15 and 25, and it was told by the ELF that they were killed by vigilante off duty tegadelti of ELF, who were thought to be avenging after their village was burned by Ethiopian soldiers with the help of bherawi, a local Ethiopian militia comprised of Eritrean Christians. But the other allegations by Issayas could never be validated. Now if Issayas wanted to use the victims of Shimbare and of Kidane and Wolday it is OK, but Issayas could not use the Christian students known by Seria Addis who were murdered by ELF as the reasons for his political elopement, as he was sometimes trying to do, because those poor souls were executed by the ELF long after Issayas had publicly declared to split. In fact, his basis of discord with Solomon Woldemariam was that Solomon who was responsible for organizing the clandestine groups and for recruiting, contrary to Issayas's long-term dreams, allowed Kiada al Ama to have access to those recruits and to transfer them from Ala to Senhit. He deprived Issayas the opportunity of using the recruits for the new front he was about to form. Issayas had long decided to split and to form his own front, long before the students were executed and had already gone by the time the students were executed. In fact as far as Issayas was concerned, he had split up from Kiada al Ama in 1969, only Kiada al Ama did not take him seriously. The exact number of the victims known by Seria Addis, is not known, but it was believed that at sometime up to 40 students were seen in prison at Debra Sala, thus the total number of the victims, in the worst case scenario could be 40, and most likely a lot less than 40, and not 200 or 250 as was sometimes being claimed to be by Issayas. But still some who studied the case believe that Issayas himself was partially to blame for their death. The reason is that after Issayas ran away and accused all Moslems as anti Christians, he caused an atmosphere of polarization to prevail behind him in ELF, hence by the time the poor students completed their military training, tensions and misgivings had heightened between Christians and Moslems and the poor students became subjected to being in the wrong place and at the wrong time. Having said that, since the students were murdered after the Adobha Conference, the ELF's leadership of that time failed to do a thorough investigation and get to the bottom of the case of the students and thus could not evade responsibility. In any case, the death of these victims needs further investigation in post-Issayas Eritrea along with all the crimes that are believed to have been committed by Issayas after he formed his own front. In conclusion, even though both Moslems and Christians have been losers as a result of all the turns and twists the revolution had to go because of the political and military fragmentation caused by Issayas, the Christians have by far lost the most, only they do not know it yet. Enchanted by his \"passion for Christians\", the Christians overlooked his flaws and joined his front in disproportionate a number, as a result, after Issayas eliminated the other fronts, his front took all of the burdens of military fighting against Ethiopia, because of the 65,000 that have paid with their lives for independence during the armed struggle, about 58,000 - 59,000 could be from the EPLF alone. Also, by October 1977, in 1977, one thousand tegadelti who were involved in a political uprising in ELF fled the ELF and took refuge in EPLF. The overwhelmingly majority of them were Christians. It was told that within 12 months, by October 1978, Issayas systematically eliminated 80% of them after involving them in combats, as cannon fodders, against Ethiopian armies. Will continue in part 15 of 24 Next, in part 15, the systematic obliteration of all Eritrean religions, family values and culture, and the installation of a regimented culture will be discussed. Yonas Araya, contributed and has sole responsibility for the content on this page. Comments about this article you can contact the writer by e-mail: Yonas Araya In Solidarity With the Forces of Good", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "b166cc14786a83b61e1f4f23", "source_sha256": "e5926b7e36a08a26578a720876841e06f136dc4fa021f0578a0f968d221f05e3", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-c1267e909f79057df38ff401", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/1/0", "start": 40, "end": 112 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Issayas Afeworki Has the Worst, and One-of-its-kind Prison System.", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " \n Here are some of the rules that govern PFDJ's prison system and the way the PFDJ/EPLF deals with its many political prisoners, prison guards, families of political prisoners, and Amnesty International:" } ] }, { "id": "b-c0cfef89c75511689b94341d", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/3", "start": 335, "end": 2166 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": true, "start": 1, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-fdd7d93ce477997abe524dee", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/3/1/0", "start": 357, "end": 441 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Prisoners must lie down on the ground day and night, and only on their backs." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-8fcb534bd41a9b2e600e7509", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/3/3/0", "start": 455, "end": 606 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Prisoners must stare at the sky, or at the ceiling, for as long as they have been in prison. Some have been doing this for several years." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-fae5a9354e50d2393d869246", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/3/5/0", "start": 620, "end": 758 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Prisoners cannot jerk, or make any slight movements while lying down, no matter how much uncomfortable or fatigued they are." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-e9685faec0ce48f4c71944c0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/3/7/0", "start": 772, "end": 845 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Prisoners are prohibited from scratching any part of their bodies." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-3f1ddc489931748ff88ace31", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/3/9/0", "start": 859, "end": 1103 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Prisoners are not allowed to glance left or right; they are not allowed to make any eye contacts with prison guards. They are not allowed to make any eye contacts with inmates, even when they are at a lunch or dinner table (" }, { "text": "ma'adi", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "). They are not allowed to tell apart who they are with." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-da2f70309e2dd77e8460ae68", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/3/11/0", "start": 1194, "end": 1381 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Prisoners are assigned unique numbers by which to be identified, thereby prevented from identifying the names of their inmates in the event, and if they are released." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-48e99b606ed37f935559bb81", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/3/13/0", "start": 1395, "end": 1473 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Prisoners are prohibited from making any contact with their loved ones." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-88d8466e44345f35c8371b5a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/3/15/0", "start": 1487, "end": 1606 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Families are explicitly prohibited or systematically prevented from visiting their imprisoned loved ones." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-ebeeb9e359907552834e94d4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/3/17/0", "start": 1620, "end": 1688 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Prison guards are prevented from talking about any prisoners." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-9bda2b779bac6b892148808f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/3/19/0", "start": 1702, "end": 2153 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": ". Amnesty International is explicitly or systematically prevented from contacting prisoners; it is explicitly or systematically prevented from discovering on what charges the prisoners are in prison; it is explicitly or systematically prevented from discovering the whereabouts of prisoners; it is explicitly prevented from locating the locations of prisons and from knowing the number of political prisoners." } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-eefa2802539d48ef5bc3a973", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/5/0", "start": 2173, "end": 2323 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "If anyone is wondering now who these prisoners are (even now as I write this article), some of you might've guessed it right, yes, they are Eritrean " }, { "text": "tegadelti", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": ", patriotic Eritreans who voluntarily left their comfortable homes and families to liberate Eritrea." } ] }, { "id": "b-228ee79153d958658eab6132", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/5/0", "start": 2173, "end": 2323 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " But the mistreatment of prisoners is only one part of the story, because worse than the mistreatment, though some of the prisoners might not consider it worse is that, it is told that execution of prisoners was common in EPLF's prisons." } ] }, { "id": "b-2ecf5d249251765df53b8bc4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/5/0", "start": 2173, "end": 2323 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " According to Teklay Aden, the former chief of EPLF's prison system, by 1978, Issayas had executed close to 3000 " }, { "text": "tegadelti.", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " One might downplay, and for a good reason, saying, what do you expect from Teklay Aden. But his claims were supported by many individuals thus the claims and rumors cannot simply be dismissed as speculations and allegations, although one can admit that there obviously is so much exaggeration in the reports." } ] }, { "id": "b-a8f9c1936106a87ae9a4f34a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/5/0", "start": 2173, "end": 2323 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Some of the victims were accused of plotting to overthrow the system (Issayas), others were accused on the bases of someday in the future they might become a threat to the system (Issayas), and others were accused on the bases of someday they could be persuaded by someone else to rise against the system (Issayas). The majority of the victims are Christians." } ] }, { "id": "b-11844f9d92c1fdf6e680bdc6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/7/0", "start": 3559, "end": 3963 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Moreover, many also believe, in order to whitewash the traces of his crimes, Issayas Afeworki had been executing the personnel that he made instrumental in carrying out the execution of the prisoners. Again it is hard to prove or disprove such allegations but it would be a mistake to categorically dismiss them as fabrications. Something really unusual must have happened and must be happening." } ] }, { "id": "b-3e95e5f985bd6267e1d4f985", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/7/0", "start": 3559, "end": 3963 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " According to the internal rules of the EPLF of the mid-1970s and thereafter, anyone sentenced by court marshal for execution could not be executed without the formal signature of the head of the Front. But at some point, according to Teclay Aden and other individuals, Issayas himself did not want to take the responsibility and was ignoring the court's papers put on his desk by the court for his signature. He would either let the papers collect dusts forever, or if the court inquired about the papers, he would, acting angrily, throw the papers at it. Therefore the court was being puzzled not knowing whether it should release the prisoners and bear the wrath of Issayas afterwards, or execute the inmates without requiring his signature. Eventually, according to Teklay Aden and many other individuals, the court devised a plan that would spare it from the scolding of Issayas; it started sending the \"convicts\" into combat raids as cannon fodders against Ethiopian garrisons, of course without hinting the inmates that they had been sentenced to death. It would send them into combat over and over until they were killed in combat, then it would list them as martyrs. Again these are allegations that could not be proved or disproved." } ] }, { "id": "b-e98c0050a40cfe3b49dd2e0c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/7/0", "start": 3559, "end": 3963 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " According to the reports from many individuals, although many ordinary \"convicted\" " }, { "text": "tegadelti", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " were executed in this method, members of the politburo, or senior military or political commissars were usually executed by a fire squad but the cause of each victim's death was explained to tegadelti as the victim having committed suicide, except when Issayas saw a reason to capitalize on the victim's good name, that is, if the victim's name could be used as a bait to lure more recruits, then in such cases, the public and tegadelti were informed as the victim had been martyred heroically in combat. The latter method allowed Issayas to kill two birds with one stone: to eliminate his real or imaginary enemy, and to entice the victim's fans to cement their commitment to Issayas by following in the footstep of their martyred hero." } ] }, { "id": "b-2a6dd79d495bfea4b136e366", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/9/0", "start": 6138, "end": 6459 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I ask the readers now to stop and think this: Has someone who portrayed himself as a high priest, the defender of Christians, someone who created a splinter group because he could not stand the \"persecution of Christians at the hands of Moslems\", been given a carte blanche to kill as many Christians as he wanted?" } ] }, { "id": "b-37ae0c0a0b7db853b4223e09", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The Formation of a Splinter Group by Issayas Afeworki.", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "\n Was there a valid reason for Issayas to form a splinter group?\n Could, the problem that Issayas had with Kiada al Ama, have been resolved through peaceful means?\n Have Eritrean Christians benefitted from the front that Issayas had claimed to have formed on their behalf?\n How and why did he become so popular among the Christians?\n Did Issayas form a splinter group to benefit the Christians or to quench his thirst for power?" } ] }, { "id": "b-3e2a4b2502c49fd36dab02d6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " When in February of 1970, Issayas asked the leaders of ELF for a permission to go to Ala, Akeleguzai, he did not disclose to them what his real intention was. He actually expressed to them that he would come back to participate in the First National Congress for which a preparation was underway. The Congress was to discuss all the shortcomings of the Front, and possibly to devise a resolution to the concerns of many, including those of Issayas." } ] }, { "id": "b-62bfd5297e91e35691582044", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Then again, it soon became clear to everyone that Issayas was up to no good when, half way into his journey, he ordered two " }, { "text": "tegadelti,", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " who happened to be Moslems, from the group of tegadelti who were assigned to accompany him to return to Barka, but continued his journey to Ala along with only the Christians whom he had chosen to accompany him." } ] }, { "id": "b-898dd2643ea86dcabd44628c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Later on he issued an official declaration under the title of \"niHnan Alaman\" and made it known to the public of his intention to form his own splinter group and gave the following reasons why it was important for him to form his own front:\n 1. Two Christian " }, { "text": "tegadelti,", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " Wolday Gidey and Kidane Kiflu, who were assigned to work in Kassala, Sudan, were executed by Kiada al Ama.\n 2. More than 50 of Christian peasants were murdered by ELF in Shimbare.\n 3. In the mid-1960s, more than one hundred Christian " }, { "text": "tegadelti", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " were ordered to be killed by ELF.\n Again later he broadened his reasons for forming his own front by adding a fourth reason: 4. More than 150 Christian students known by Seria Addis were executed by Kiada al Ama." } ] }, { "id": "b-6d10dbf166861408a7aee76d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "Were Christian Eritreans Persecuted Inside ELF?", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "\n In the Sixties, many Christians who joined the ELF felt mistreated by the Lowlanders though many also admitted the feeling of mistreatment felt by the Christians might have emanated from a cultural clash between the Lowlanders and the Highlanders in that many Moslems who were raised in the Highlands were also feeling the cultural clash that their Christian colleagues were experiencing, to some degree." } ] }, { "id": "b-1402afafca238c6d742ecde0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Still there might have been a mistreatment of the Christians by some Moslems because the Adobha conference by which Issayas was elected to be a member of the leadership (just a member, which could hardly quench his thirst for power), had also recognized the problems and thus had set out to investigate and find a rectification. Of course no one should assume all the problems and concerns of the Moslems and Christians would be resolved by one conference alone, but given enough time, through many conferences and congresses, the leaders of that time might have outgrown their mistakes. Again if the Lowlanders were really as bad to all Highlanders as Issayas was describing them, then given enough time, I say no later than by the mid-1970s, they would've changed their positions toward the Christians because they, including the misguided members of ELF, would have realized that they could not liberate all of Eritrea without the participation of the Christian Highlanders, but also, if only Issayas had sought other methods to run away from the problem, and if only Issayas had not been so obsessed with becoming a leader." } ] }, { "id": "b-14e9225a9944ddbd1826262a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Nevertheless, Issayas's action could have been justified but only if he formed a pristine organization. But that has not been the case, in fact, it did not take him too long not only to repeat the mistakes of Jabha, but by his deeds to surpass, except in a more sophisticated way, the crimes which he had been claiming to be committed by Kiada al Ama." } ] }, { "id": "b-9819612b3941bbacb802ac5a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Again there might have been some mistreatment of Christians by some Moslem " }, { "text": "tegadelti", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": ". For example, Memhir Wolday Kahsay, the leader of Zone Five, defected to Ethiopia when he believed that there was a mistreatment of Christians, but also when he believed he could not rectify it in his power. In my hindsight, Memhir Wolday did the right thing and furthermore in my hindsight, the Christians, the Revolution, and the nation as whole would've been better off had Issayas followed in the footsteps of Memhir Woldai Kahsay and deserted to Ethiopia. After all, Ethiopia was treating the Christians better than it was treating the Moslems, so it was not a matter of life and death that the Christians form a liberation front of their own at that time. They could have stayed with Ethiopia until the problems that Issayas was perceiving were cleared. The mistreatment the Christians experienced by the few inexperienced and misguided Moslem " }, { "text": "tegadelti", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " could never have surpassed the sufferings that Issayas has inflicted upon the Christians in particular and the nation as a whole over the years." } ] }, { "id": "b-6692bde9108f84363a6bb2ca", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Because, by forming his own splinter group, Issayas destroyed the unity of Eritreans, caused civil war to prevail, sent the Revolution into a tailspin, and also sent Ethiopia a message of hope that said Eritreans would someday self-destruct. And as far as the other two splinter groups founded by Osman Salih Sabe and the Oboleen, those factions could not succeed politically and militarily on their own unless they could dramatically change their programs, and even then, they could hardly contribute to Christian/Moslem religious polarization." } ] }, { "id": "b-834d461939119fa306c1f095", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " But let's assume the Lowlander " }, { "text": "tegadelti ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "were persecuting the Christian " }, { "text": "tegadelti,", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " or that they were showing hostility against the Christians for whatever reason. If so, forming a splinter group was hardly a way to combat such prejudice, because by running away from those Issayas had believed prejudiced against him, he also ran away from the problem." } ] }, { "id": "b-98f65a520d43013f5dd2e326", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " But still the prejudice from the few misguided individuals might be justified to some degree. Firstly, every revolution movement makes mistakes in its early age. Secondly, the 1960s were the years when horrific atrocities were being committed by Ethiopia exclusively against Moslem Eritreans. Thirdly, the 1960s were also the year when Ethiopia had succeeded in its divide and rule plot in Eritrea thus recruited Christian Eritreans into its regular and militia armies to help it fight against the liberation fronts and Eritrean Moslem civilians. Fourthly, in the 1960s, the ELF was comprised of a very few educated individuals; the majority of its members had no education, no political, and cultural consciousness." } ] }, { "id": "b-9ceb8f5763dd204e16174fa7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " If the crimes committed by the very few uneducated and politically inexperienced individuals, whose parents were massacred and whose villages leveled to the ground with the help of some Highlanders cannot be justified, then, how could the blind followers of Issayas now justify the massacre of the heroic, disabled Liberation War veterans by Issayas in 1994." } ] }, { "id": "b-862ea07ca10e99a1694f52d4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Ok, it could be true that there might have been some prejudice from some individual Moslem " }, { "text": "tegadelti", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " against the Christians, but still many of those who later studied the history of the 1960s could not find a trace of any organized conspiracy by Eritrean Moslems against the then minority in number Christians in ELF." } ] }, { "id": "b-39e0d5705d32b4195b1674bb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Of the reasons that Issayas pointed out for his political elopement, it was true innocent peasants were murdered in Shimbare; Kidane and Wolday were murdered, students known as Seria Addis were executed by the ELF. The exact number of the Shimbare's victims always varied, but it was believed that they were between 15 and 25, and it was told by the ELF that they were killed by vigilante off duty " }, { "text": "tegadelti", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " of ELF, who were thought to be avenging after their village was burned by Ethiopian soldiers with the help of bherawi, a local Ethiopian militia comprised of Eritrean Christians. But the other allegations by Issayas could never be validated." } ] }, { "id": "b-122f0da40990abbf8b84b725", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Now if Issayas wanted to use the victims of Shimbare and of Kidane and Wolday it is OK, but Issayas could not use the Christian students known by Seria Addis who were murdered by ELF as the reasons for his political elopement, as he was sometimes trying to do, because those poor souls were executed by the ELF long after Issayas had publicly declared to split. In fact, his basis of discord with Solomon Woldemariam was that Solomon who was responsible for organizing the clandestine groups and for recruiting, contrary to Issayas's long-term dreams, allowed Kiada al Ama to have access to those recruits and to transfer them from Ala to Senhit. He deprived Issayas the opportunity of using the recruits for the new front he was about to form. Issayas had long decided to split and to form his own front, long before the students were executed and had already gone by the time the students were executed. In fact as far as Issayas was concerned, he had split up from Kiada al Ama in 1969, only Kiada al Ama did not take him seriously." } ] }, { "id": "b-9240ca1c4fa06c05368f1621", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " The exact number of the victims known by Seria Addis, is not known, but it was believed that at sometime up to 40 students were seen in prison at Debra Sala, thus the total number of the victims, in the worst case scenario could be 40, and most likely a lot less than 40, and not 200 or 250 as was sometimes being claimed to be by Issayas. But still some who studied the case believe that Issayas himself was partially to blame for their death. The reason is that after Issayas ran away and accused all Moslems as anti Christians, he caused an atmosphere of polarization to prevail behind him in ELF, hence by the time the poor students completed their military training, tensions and misgivings had heightened between Christians and Moslems and the poor students became subjected to being in the wrong place and at the wrong time." } ] }, { "id": "b-4d7c1f2c132fdadcb9252ef8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Having said that, since the students were murdered after the Adobha Conference, the ELF's leadership of that time failed to do a thorough investigation and get to the bottom of the case of the students and thus could not evade responsibility." } ] }, { "id": "b-ee42be9e630f3e87b9ccef59", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " In any case, the death of these victims needs further investigation in post-Issayas Eritrea along with all the crimes that are believed to have been committed by Issayas after he formed his own front." } ] }, { "id": "b-fb5d2b95e81e3fe1467aadf4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " In conclusion, even though both Moslems and Christians have been losers as a result of all the turns and twists the revolution had to go because of the political and military fragmentation caused by Issayas, the Christians have by far lost the most, only they do not know it yet. Enchanted by his \"passion for Christians\", the Christians overlooked his flaws and joined his front in disproportionate a number, as a result, after Issayas eliminated the other fronts, his front took all of the burdens of military fighting against Ethiopia, because of the 65,000 that have paid with their lives for independence during the armed struggle, about 58,000 - 59,000 could be from the EPLF alone." } ] }, { "id": "b-00959dd3c64c1a324765957b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 6470, "end": 6530 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Also, by October 1977, in 1977, one thousand " }, { "text": "tegadelti", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " who were involved in a political uprising in ELF fled the ELF and took refuge in EPLF. The overwhelmingly majority of them were Christians. It was told that within 12 months, by October 1978, Issayas systematically eliminated 80% of them after involving them in combats, as cannon fodders, against Ethiopian armies." } ] }, { "id": "b-830e878761992bae3cae7506", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/13/0", "start": 18531, "end": 18568 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Will continue in part 15 of 24", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-9d607703976edfbec4518425", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/15/0", "start": 18579, "end": 18745 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Next, in part 15, the systematic obliteration of all Eritrean religions, family values and culture, and the installation of a regimented culture will be discussed." } ] }, { "id": "b-43746a987005feb13bb00f15", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/1/19/0", "start": 18781, "end": 18826 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Yonas Araya, ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "contributed and has sole responsibility for the content on this page. Comments about this article you can contact the writer by e-mail: Yonas Araya" } ] }, { "id": "b-ffb9557a7223903603ecd8da", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/11/1/1/0/1/1/0", "start": 19271, "end": 19332 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In Solidarity With the Forces of Good", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] } ], "anchors": {}, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/0/1/1/0/11/1/1/2/1/1", "start": 19378, "end": 23421 }, "reason": "Numbered series sidebar navigation; related external links remain in preserved source", "before": "[{\"blocks\":[{\"id\":\"b-ce9a45ea5d4752c48f662402\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"source\":{\"path\":\"/0/1/1/0/11/1/1/2/1/1/1/0\",\"start\":19392,\"end\":19552},\"anchors\":[],\"content\":[{\"text\":\"Part 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ካብዚ ቀጺሉ ንዘሎ ጽሑፈይ ናብ ሓፋሽ ክተቅርበለይ ብትትና ይሓትት የቐንየለይ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ሕጅ እዋን ኣዝዩ ተረቢሹን ዓቅሉ ጸቢብወን ይረከብ ኣነ ሽመይ ክተቅስ ዘይደለኩ ኣባል ሃገራዊ ኣገልግሎትን ንነዊሕ ዓመታት ኣብ ጎዳጉዲ ተኣሰርኩ፣ ተከትከትኩ፣ መግቢ ተሃረምኩ፣ ኩሉ ኣሎ እተብህለ ኢ- ሰብኣዊ ግፍዒ ዝወረደኒ ብጀካ ኤርትራውነተይ ካልእ ገበን ዘይብለይ ሰብ ኢየ፤ ሕጅ ኣብ ሱዳን ይርከብ፤ ኣብ ማእሰርቲ ከሎና ሓደ ዓብይ ቃል ኪዳን ምስ እሱራት ብጾተይ ኣተና ኔርና ንሱ ድማ “ ካብዚ ቦታ ዝወጽአ ንዝወረደና ግፍዒ፣ ስንክልና፣ መስዋእቲ ኩሉ ኣብ ዓለም ንዝርከብ ህዝብና ምቅላሕ” ኔሩ፤ ኣነ ድማ ነት መብጽዓይ ከብጽሕ ምሳይ ዝሳቄዩ ናይ ዝነበሩ፣ ዘለው፤ ሃለዋቶም ዝጠፍአ፤ ኣብ ቅድም ዓይንና ዝሓለፉ፤ ብዝወረዶም ምቕጥቃጥ ዝሰንከሉን ናይእምሮ ጸገም ዘጋጠሞምን፤ የሕዋተይ ብዝርዝር የቅርቦለኹ ካብዚ ዓለም ተፈለዩ (ስውኣት)፦ 1-ሰመረ ካሕሳይ 2- ኣብርሃም ወድ ቐሽ 3- ኪዳነ ግርማይ ሃለዋቶም ዘይተፈልጠ፦ 1-ቴድሮስ ተወልደ 2-ዳንኤል ገረመድህን 3-ዘካርያስ ሳሙኤል ኣርኣያ 4-ጀማል ወድ ሓጅ ኣብ ጎዳጉድ ማእሰርቲ ዘለው፦ 1-ሰናይ ባህልቢ 2-ረዳእ ወድ ሰንበል 3-ሃይለ በረቐ 4-ክብሮም ወድ ቐሽ 5-ኣፍርቂ ክፍሎም 6-ግርማይ ቀላቲ 7-ዮናስ ምስግና እዮም፤ እዚኦም ዝጠቐስኩወም ካብ ባሕሪ ብማንካ እዮም፤ ኣብ ፈቐዶ ቦታ ተኣሲሮም ዘለው በኣሉ እዝጊ ጥራይ እዩ ፈላጢኦም፤ ስለዚ ነዞም ተሪፎም ዘለው የሕዋትና ካብ ዘለውወ ግፍዒ ንኽወጽኡ ዘዝኽእለትና ንግበር፤ አብ ዝመጽእ እዋን ናይ ዝተወሰኑ ሰባተ ፎቶ ክሰድድ እየ፤ ዘዳግም ኻርቱም 03/09/09", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "b416247198d9e2253c78fb7c", 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ተረቢሹን ዓቅሉ ጸቢብወን ይረከብ ኣነ ሽመይ ክተቅስ ዘይደለኩ ኣባል ሃገራዊ ኣገልግሎትን ንነዊሕ ዓመታት ኣብ ጎዳጉዲ ተኣሰርኩ፣ ተከትከትኩ፣ መግቢ ተሃረምኩ፣ ኩሉ ኣሎ እተብህለ " }, { "text": "ኢ- ሰብኣዊ ግፍዒ ዝወረደኒ ብጀካ ኤርትራውነተይ ካልእ ገበን ዘይብለይ ሰብ ኢየ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "፤ ሕጅ ኣብ ሱዳን ይርከብ፤ " }, { "text": "ኣብ ማእሰርቲ ከሎና ሓደ ዓብይ ቃል ኪዳን ምስ እሱራት ብጾተይ ኣተና ኔርና ንሱ ድማ “ ካብዚ ቦታ ዝወጽአ ንዝወረደና ግፍዒ፣ ስንክልና፣ መስዋእቲ ኩሉ ኣብ ዓለም ንዝርከብ ህዝብና ምቅላሕ” ኔሩ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "፤ ኣነ ድማ ነት " }, { "text": "መብጽዓይ ከብጽሕ ምሳይ ዝሳቄዩ ናይ ዝነበሩ፣ ዘለው፤ ሃለዋቶም ዝጠፍአ፤ ኣብ ቅድም ዓይንና ዝሓለፉ፤ ብዝወረዶም ምቕጥቃጥ ዝሰንከሉን ናይእምሮ ጸገም ዘጋጠሞምን፤ የሕዋተይ ብዝርዝር የቅርቦለኹ", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-9fdee10e737fe01d416159b0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/0/1/0", "start": 840, "end": 890 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ካብዚ ዓለም ተፈለዩ (ስውኣት)", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "፦" } ] }, { "id": "b-b7e4dce725c38c22aec605ab", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/1/1/2/1/0", "start": 926, "end": 953 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1-ሰመረ ካሕሳይ", 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"original_title": "testo.htm", "method": "editorial-source-evidence", "confidence": "high", "review_required": false, "editorial_note": "Source heading transcribed verbatim; no translation or metadata rewrite.", "source_sha256": "ceebea1414038de2040d772b592c51924cf4274f734b1dc0a01abfad98c994d4", "evidence": [ { "kind": "catalog-text", "quote": "TESTIMONY: [from Crimes Committed in Zemene Isaias 2003]" } ] }, "editorial_title": true, "title_review_required": false, "alternate_titles": [ "testo.htm", "TESTIMONY: [from Crimes Committed in Zemene Isaias 2003]" ], "language": "en", "author": null, "byline": null, "byline_role": null, "date": null, "metadata_evidence": [], "text": "TESTIMONY: [from Crimes Committed in Zemene Isaias 2003] ?On January (Tiri) 23, 1997, with a secret order from Abraha Kassa, the chief of the National Security Office of Eritrea, and under the direction of President Isaias Afwerki, security forces rounded up 150 Eritrean Moslem men under the guise of being collaborators with the Islamic Jihad movements. They were picked from their homes and workplaces. News coming from Asmara has confirmed that, six months after they were taken in custody, with the knowledge of both [Abraha Kassa and Isaias Afwerki] they were executed on 18 June (Sene) 1997 from 8:20 PM to 2 AM the next day. With due considerations for the security aspects of this information, we will release a follow-up [on the news].? ? January 23, 2003; TV Zete, Sweden I was confined to a small cell. I was not allowed to meet other prisoners and was not allowed to go out in the sun. I was only talking to my guard. My hands were handcuffed behind my back for two weeks?.I would say I was in a better situation than others. Let me give you one example: Mehari tells me that a young man named Dejen Ande Hishel, an ex-student who grew up in the Revolutionary School [a school run by the EPLF during the armed struggle] and who was later a Mig-29 pilot and instructor after independence, was picked by two men from his work on March 18, 1999. Until July 2002, no one knew his whereabouts. He repeatedly asked [his jailers] what his crime was, why he was in jail and who brought him there; he never got an answer. His father and mother are combatants. His father is a lieutenant Colonel. His two elder brothers are also combatants-- that comprises the whole family. He never saw the sun. His family was allowed to visit him after [he spent] three years and five months in jail?. Where I was jailed, I know only few people: Feron Weldu, Hassen Kekya, Sunabera, Kuflom Gebremichael and Ali Alamin Ali (both worked for the American Embassy in Asmara), Ali Mohammed, Bitweded Abraha ?.Abdu Younis is in Karsheli. I also know of Aho Ali Aho, who is the Baito [regional assembly] Chairman of the South Red Sea Region; and Ali Issa Ali, Deputy Governor of the Port of Asseb. Unfortunately I don?t know where the reporters are jailed now. ? University of Asmara Student Union President Semere Kesete, Interview with Awate.com, 8/15/2002 When one is arrested, there is no record of who the arresting officer is, and what the charges against the arrested are. Often, the arresting officer is reassigned and, for years, the case of the arrested is forgotten. For example, there was an employee of the American Embassy who was there for two years in the Sixth Police Station?The arresting officers had no idea why he was arrested? They are landcruisers, they are sedans, they are different cars with five different license plates: civil, government, rentals, commercial and associations. They always tell the soon-to-be jailed, ?we need you for five minutes.? Four to five years later, the detainees often will wail, ?when they brought me here, they said they need me for five minutes!? These cars, some are tinted?Once, over 30 individuals were loaded up and they were executed (?ny hywet sgumti tewesiduwom?)after being tried by a committee. They never had a day in court. Another twenty eight were sentenced for several years and sent to Sembel? This was two days before 20th of June [Martyr?s Day]. June 18, 1997. -- An Interview With Mehari Yohannes, Interview with Awate.com; Mar 5, 2003 Respect for religious freedom continued to deteriorate during the period covered by this report. The Government harassed, arrested, and detained members of non-sanctioned Protestant religious groups locally referred to collectively as \"Pentes,\" reform movements from and within the Coptic Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, and adherents of the Baha'i Faith. There were also numerous reports of forced recantations and physical torture. Only the four government-sanctioned religious groups--Orthodox Christians, Muslims, Catholics, and members of the Evangelical Church of Eritrea (which has affiliation with the Lutheran World Federation)--were allowed to meet freely during the period covered by this report. Following a May 2002 government decree that all religious groups must register or cease all religious activities, all religious facilities not belonging to the four sanctioned religious groups were closed. These closures and the restriction on holding religious meetings continued during the period covered by this report. -- International Religious Freedom Report, Bureau of Human Rights, Democracy and Labor [USA], 12/23/03 Read more", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "b9cef1810345ea80d7a7ae94", "source_sha256": "1a917926504eaf6fdb2779d4b77a9d5f371efb554cad995541b44b221bb770dc", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-ec96d441f312a6dc271c1ab5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/0/0", "start": 112, "end": 135 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "TESTIMONY: [from Crimes Committed in Zemene Isaias 2003]" } ] }, { "id": "b-2d5c8979107d0562f21ee93f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/0/0", "start": 112, "end": 135 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " ?On January (Tiri) 23, 1997, with a secret order from Abraha Kassa, the chief of the National Security Office of Eritrea, and under the direction of President Isaias Afwerki, security forces rounded up 150 Eritrean Moslem men under the guise of being collaborators with the Islamic Jihad movements. They were picked from their homes and workplaces. News coming from Asmara has confirmed that, six months after they were taken in custody, with the knowledge of both [Abraha Kassa and Isaias Afwerki] they were executed on 18 June (Sene) 1997 from 8:20 PM to 2 AM the next day. With due considerations for the security aspects of this information, we will release a follow-up [on the news].? ? January 23, 2003; TV Zete, Sweden" } ] }, { "id": "b-f25b64df78dcaa3cdce1613f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/0/0", "start": 112, "end": 135 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " I was confined to a small cell. I was not allowed to meet other prisoners and was not allowed to go out in the sun. I was only talking to my guard. My hands were handcuffed behind my back for two weeks?.I would say I was in a better situation than others. Let me give you one example: Mehari tells me that a young man named Dejen Ande Hishel, an ex-student who grew up in the Revolutionary School [a school run by the EPLF during the armed struggle] and who was later a Mig-29 pilot and instructor after independence, was picked by two men from his work on March 18, 1999. Until July 2002, no one knew his whereabouts. He repeatedly asked [his jailers] what his crime was, why he was in jail and who brought him there; he never got an answer. His father and mother are combatants. His father is a lieutenant Colonel. His two elder brothers are also combatants-- that comprises the whole family. He never saw the sun. His family was allowed to visit him after [he spent] three years and five months in jail?. Where I was jailed, I know only few people: Feron Weldu, Hassen Kekya, Sunabera, Kuflom Gebremichael and Ali Alamin Ali (both worked for the American Embassy in Asmara), Ali Mohammed, Bitweded Abraha ?.Abdu Younis is in Karsheli. I also know of Aho Ali Aho, who is the Baito [regional assembly] Chairman of the South Red Sea Region; and Ali Issa Ali, Deputy Governor of the Port of Asseb. Unfortunately I don?t know where the reporters are jailed now. ? University of Asmara Student Union President Semere Kesete, Interview with Awate.com, 8/15/2002\n When one is arrested, there is no record of who the arresting officer is, and what the charges against the arrested are. Often, the arresting officer is reassigned and, for years, the case of the arrested is forgotten. For example, there was an employee of the American Embassy who was there for two years in the Sixth Police Station?The arresting officers had no idea why he was arrested? They are landcruisers, they are sedans, they are different cars with five different license plates: civil, government, rentals, commercial and associations. They always tell the soon-to-be jailed, ?we need you for five minutes.? Four to five years later, the detainees often will wail, ?when they brought me here, they said they need me for five minutes!? These cars, some are tinted?Once, over 30 individuals were loaded up and they were executed (?ny hywet sgumti tewesiduwom?)after being tried by a committee. They never had a day in court. Another twenty eight were sentenced for several years and sent to Sembel? This was two days before 20th of June [Martyr?s Day]. June 18, 1997. -- An Interview With Mehari Yohannes, Interview with Awate.com; Mar 5, 2003" } ] }, { "id": "b-fa1375ea4c8879e5c68e458f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/1/2/3/0/0", "start": 112, "end": 135 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Respect for religious freedom continued to deteriorate during the period covered by this report. The Government harassed, arrested, and detained members of non-sanctioned Protestant religious groups locally referred to collectively as \"Pentes,\" reform movements from and within the Coptic Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, and adherents of the Baha'i Faith. There were also numerous reports of forced recantations and physical torture. Only the four government-sanctioned religious groups--Orthodox Christians, Muslims, Catholics, and members of the Evangelical Church of Eritrea (which has affiliation with the Lutheran World Federation)--were allowed to meet freely during the period covered by this report. Following a May 2002 government decree that all religious groups must register or cease all religious activities, all religious facilities not belonging to the four sanctioned religious groups were closed. 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Auch die Angehörigen von gefangenen Christen haben es schwer. Ein Mitarbeiter hat Hadas und ihre Kinder besucht. Ihr Schicksal steht für viele andere, von denen wir nichts wissen, die jedoch unser Gebet brauchen. Hadas ist die Frau eines Kirchenleiters in Eritrea. Das Paar hat drei Töchter im Alter zwischen neun und 13 Jahren. Ihr Mann wurde wegen seines Dienstes in einer nicht registrierten evangelischen Gemeinde im Mai 2004 verhaftet. „Es war ein Schock für mich. Der Gedanke, wir könnten uns vielleicht Jahre lang nicht sehen, war hart für ich“, erzählt sie. „Ich wusste nicht, wie ich mich um die Familie kümmern soll.“ Anfangs erhielt sie über eine geheime Quelle Nachrichten von ihrem Mann. Doch seit Monaten hat sie nichts mehr von ihm gehört. Die eritreischen Haftanstalten sind berüchtigt für ihre menschenunwürdigen Bedingungen. Immer wieder kommt Hilfe „Ich möchte ihm gern sagen, dass Gott für die Kinder und mich sorgt, und dass er auf Ihn vertrauen kann. Er wird jene belohnen, die um seinetwillen leiden.“ Die Familie durchzubringen ist ein ständiger Kampf. Hadas verdient sich ein kleines Einkommen durch Haare schneiden und lebt in einem Haus, das ihr jemand mietfrei überlässt. Open Doors bezahlt das Schulgeld für die Töchter. „Herzlichen Dank an alle, die uns unterstützen“, sagt Hadas. Beten & Schreiben Bitte schreiben Sie Hadas und ihren Töchtern einige ermutigende Zeilen. Fügen Sie Bibelverse, Bilder oder Zeichnungen bei. Erwähnen Sie Open Doors nicht und kritisieren Sie nicht die Regierung. Weitere Hinweise finden Sie in der \"Anleitung für Schreibaktionen\" auf unserer Homepage http://www.opendoors-de.org/downloads/schreibaktionen.pdf. Schreiben Sie an: Hadas und ihre Töchter c/o Open Doors Postfach 11 42 65761 Kelkheim Wir leiten die Briefe weiter. Sie können den Text für diese Schreibaktion hier komplett als pdf-Dokument herunterladen.", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "bcd60edaa1a432e09dcd3f9c", "source_sha256": "638812987cccb0ec2682b684435dd3ce1f26d3ea12b027bf7fe1a814fc70fbb2", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-a6108aa37ed59751b0ae4a18", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/1/1", "start": 198, "end": 239 }, "anchors": [ "source-outer_wrapper", "source-wrapper", "source-container", "source-content", "source-main", "source-text", "source-bgTopMenu", "source-menu" ], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "Eritrea - Hadas und ihre Töchter" } ] }, { "id": "b-e457e018f0b2740ab84d01e6", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/1/3/0", "start": 307, "end": 462 }, "anchors": [ "source-imgBasicPage___20070717_192911_eritrea___de" ], "src": "/media/7708349a8a4ef11a2bd7fb7fd7f62f7e7fd599e9efca6a0e3861e5fe848ecdc0.jpg", "alt": "Foto : ", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-1dc78108dca87a05bceb330f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/1/5/1/0", "start": 530, "end": 780 }, "anchors": [ "source-textBasicPage___20070717_192911_eritrea___de" ], "content": [ { "text": "Im afrikanischen Eritrea werden Christen heftig verfolgt, Hunderte sind gefangen, und es wird immer schwieriger, Informationen über die Vorfälle im Land zu erhalten. Auch die Angehörigen von gefangenen Christen haben es schwer. Ein Mitarbeiter hat Hadas und ihre Kinder besucht. Ihr Schicksal steht für viele andere, von denen wir nichts wissen, die jedoch unser Gebet brauchen. Hadas ist die Frau eines Kirchenleiters in Eritrea. Das Paar hat drei Töchter im Alter zwischen neun und 13 Jahren. Ihr Mann wurde wegen seines Dienstes in einer nicht registrierten evangelischen Gemeinde im Mai 2004 verhaftet. „Es war ein Schock für mich. Der Gedanke, wir könnten uns vielleicht Jahre lang nicht sehen, war hart für ich“, erzählt sie. „Ich wusste nicht, wie ich mich um die Familie kümmern soll.“ Anfangs erhielt sie über eine geheime Quelle Nachrichten von ihrem Mann. Doch seit Monaten hat sie nichts mehr von ihm gehört. Die eritreischen Haftanstalten sind berüchtigt für ihre menschenunwürdigen Bedingungen." } ] }, { "id": "b-dea5fd265a8dae0fe63ae0bc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/1/5/4/0", "start": 1591, "end": 1614 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Immer wieder kommt Hilfe" } ] }, { "id": "b-4b093ef659c19cc387ddc472", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/1/5/6/0", "start": 1623, "end": 2070 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "„Ich möchte ihm gern sagen, dass Gott für die Kinder und mich sorgt, und dass er auf Ihn vertrauen kann. Er wird jene belohnen, die um seinetwillen leiden.“ Die Familie durchzubringen ist ein ständiger Kampf. Hadas verdient sich ein kleines Einkommen durch Haare schneiden und lebt in einem Haus, das ihr jemand mietfrei überlässt. Open Doors bezahlt das Schulgeld für die Töchter. „Herzlichen Dank an alle, die uns unterstützen“, sagt Hadas." } ] }, { "id": "b-9754f6291228c9bfc448b905", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/1/5/10/0", "start": 2089, "end": 2109 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Beten & Schreiben" } ] }, { "id": "b-e8a441d162d52c6d247b5954", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/1/5/12/0", "start": 2118, "end": 2312 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Bitte schreiben Sie Hadas und ihren Töchtern einige ermutigende Zeilen. Fügen Sie Bibelverse, Bilder oder Zeichnungen bei. Erwähnen Sie Open Doors nicht und kritisieren Sie nicht die Regierung." } ] }, { "id": "b-ade8a4744ee83939734a1bb2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/1/5/15/0", "start": 2326, "end": 2361 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Weitere Hinweise finden Sie in der \"" }, { "text": "Anleitung für Schreibaktionen", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "\" auf unserer Homepage " }, { "text": "http://www.opendoors-de.org/downloads/schreibaktionen.pdf", "href": "http://www.opendoors-de.org/downloads/schreibaktionen.pdf" }, { "text": "." } ] }, { "id": "b-a7f5ec4ebb7acd71a1813c49", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/1/5/17/0", "start": 2617, "end": 2634 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Schreiben Sie an: \nHadas und ihre Töchter \nc/o Open Doors \nPostfach 11 42 \n65761 Kelkheim" } ] }, { "id": "b-82dfeb6cde6a58bea0605871", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/1/5/19/0", "start": 2772, "end": 2800 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Wir leiten die Briefe weiter." } ] }, { "id": "b-ee1df380d2b6d2f165ff5b24", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/1/5/21/0", "start": 2823, "end": 2866 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Sie können den Text für diese Schreibaktion " }, { "text": "hier", "href": "http://www.opendoors-de.org/downloads/schreibaktion_usbekistan_eritrea.pdf" }, { "text": " komplett als pdf-Dokument herunterladen." } ] } ], "anchors": { "bgTopMenu": "source-bgTopMenu", "menu": "source-menu", "outer_wrapper": "source-outer_wrapper", "wrapper": "source-wrapper", "container": "source-container", "content": "source-content", "main": "source-main", "text": "source-text", "imgBasicPage___20070717_192911_eritrea___de": "source-imgBasicPage___20070717_192911_eritrea___de", "textBasicPage___20070717_192911_eritrea___de": "source-textBasicPage___20070717_192911_eritrea___de", "footer": "source-footer", "btTop": "source-btTop", "btHome": "source-btHome", "copyright": "source-copyright" }, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/3", "start": 3109, "end": 3756 }, "text": "Seitenanfang ; Startseite. © Copyright 2007 Open Doors. 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no translation or metadata rewrite.", "source_sha256": "52a0e86f61db6e863c3d86769225967a2e17ba2179fdc355d9a824c0e513883a", "evidence": [ { "kind": "catalog-text", "quote": "The prisoners of Nakura" } ] }, "editorial_title": true, "title_review_required": false, "alternate_titles": [ "Microsoft Word - Dokument1", "The prisoners of Nakura" ], "language": "en", "author": null, "byline": "Aida Kidane", "byline_role": "Source byline", "date": "19.2.01", "metadata_evidence": [ { "field": "credit", "value": "Aida Kidane", "source_excerpt": "The prisoners of Nakura 19.2.01 Aida Kidane Many Eritreans have heard of the prison Island of Nakura, especi", "original_sha256": "52a0e86f61db6e863c3d86769225967a2e17ba2179fdc355d9a824c0e513883a" }, { "field": "date", "value": "19.2.01", "source_excerpt": "The prisoners of Nakura 19.2.01 Aida Kidane Many Eritreans have heard of the prison Island of Na", "original_sha256": "52a0e86f61db6e863c3d86769225967a2e17ba2179fdc355d9a824c0e513883a" } ], "text": "The prisoners of Nakura 19.2.01 Aida Kidane \n \n Many Eritreans have heard of the prison Island of Nakura, especially in old songs and \nproverbs. This prison is situated in Dahlak archipelago. While standi ng on the main land of \nDahlak Kebir, by the beautiful and only hotel, it is about 1 km away. It took me over one hour \nmotor boat ride from Massawa in 2000, in courtesy of Eritrean Shipping Lines. \n \n There are three big war ships sunk by the Russians near it, and was a military station by \nthe Derg. I was not allowed to visit the prison, but another visit or saw it and explained how \nhorrible it was. There are rooms underground, in this scorching heat a nd long nails protruding \non both sides of the tiny wall that the prisoner could not rest on eithe r side. There were \nnumerous chains too. \n \n In 26 august 1994, I was talking to a very knowledgable elderly man in Segeneiti, Aboi \nKeshi Tesfamariam Habtezgi. He was so keen to share his hist orical notes that this was an \nunexpected finding to me. He asked me to share it with all Eritre ans, remember our heroes. \nHe had hidden many documents at Derg time and let me copy names of the prisoners of \nNakura. I have audio recorded many valuable history from him too. \n \n These following list of prisoners' names is derived from an Amhric book called Ye Tarik \nDeset. Timing is pre 1900.political prisoners of the Eritrean eli tes too dangerous for the \nItalians to freely administrate Eritrea. The names found ar e \n \n1 Kentiba Nasheh W Mikel, Hamassien 2, Kentiba Hagos \n3, Kentiba Medhin 4, Kentiba Hayelom \n5, Kentiba Gere Mikel Iyesus 6, Dejazmach Mengesha Asgedom \n7, Kentiba Hamed, Shum of Habab, son of Kentiba Hassen \n8, Chika Shum Tsefu' W Haimanot 9, Haneta Temelso Goshu \n10, Ato Mesfin W Mikel 11, Ato W Mikel Kaleb \n12, Beremberas Hagos Andemikel 13, Ke gnazmach Welde Kidan G Sadek \n14, Dejazmach Hadgembes Gulwet 15, Ke ntiba Arey \n16 Kentiba Kifleyesus Gofar 17, Kegnazmach Tesfatsion Habteselasie \n18, Blatta Tesfu Nebaray 19, Dej Welde mikel \n20, Grazmach Gizaw Wendafrash 21, B alambaras Kifle Weldeyesus \n22, Dej. Abraha Haile 23, Balambaras Meshasha Negusie \n24, Ato Hagos wedi Abdera 25, Lij Asfaha Gebreab \n26, Ato Adgoi Kahsai 27, Lij Ekubazgi \n28, Ato Ikud wedi Zemat 29, Dej Negusie G Meskel \n30, Lij Tesfai Gebreab 31, Lij Abraha Hagos \n32, Lij Habte Selus Hailu 33, Lij Embaye Wendaferash \n34, Lij Beyene Biru 35, Kegnaz. Fiseha Mogos \n36, Lij Alula Godefa, of Gura' 37, Lij Kahsai Godefa, of Gura' \n38, Kentiba Emnetu 39, Lij Berhanu Hailu \n40, Kentiba Gidei 41, Kegnz Hagos \n42, Lij Asfaha, Segeneiti (kentiba La'lewy) 43, Bahr Negasi Fantaye \n44, Kentiba Eman 45, Dej Tesema \n46, Blata Tesfai Kahsu 47, Blata Tesfai Netseraab \n48, Kentiba Haylu Gebrai 49, Lij Tedla Haylu \n50, She'ka Girmai 51, Keshi Semere Mehari \n52, Keshi Gebreab 53, Lij Khasai Abey -neyru \n54, Kentiba Araya Weldai 55, Blatta Gerezgher Gilai \n56, Graz. Yigzaw Yohannes 57, Lij Geremedhin Ekubazgi, Segeneiti \n58, Bashai Tesfai Berhane 59, Beshai Habtom \n60, Dej. Mehrai 61, Bahr Negasi 'Cherom. \n \n There were numerous more in that prison, some from Methat and Saho areas. One, Musa is \nstill remembered for his daring and bravery to escape and cross t o land. \n Source from another book, in Tigrina \"Kedamot jeganu Eritrean bahlena \" by Isak Yosef, \nEritrea, 1997, page 51 titled \n Name lists of the prisoners of Nakura. \n These name lists to follow were \n1, Taken from Asmera or their villages and claimed to be held prisoners in Nakura but had \ndisappeared. \n2, Those taken to Italy and never returned, \n3, Those executed or died of illness in Nakura \n4, Those who escaped from Nakura prison and live in exile, \n5, and those who made ammendments with the Italians and returned as civilians in their land. \n We should not doubt that there more names whose we could not find. B ecause, elders of \nEritrea have narrated that the Nakura prisoners were over 300. \nNotice, in Nakura those who lost their lives in its sands, pained by bites of snakes or \nscorpions, those who were wounded and bled to death, those killed by hanging, s hot and \nkilled, those crippled by sickness of Rih, those who died of thrust and hunger, are not only the \nabove numbered 300 only. Hopefully, other researchers will find the other names and add to \nthe Eritrean heroes. \n Some names or villages may not rightly written or voiced and we hope the reader will adjust \nit. \n These prisoners were administrators, religious persons, supporters, etc.... \n Because of this the Italian colonizer was extremely disturbed. He was mistrustful and \ndisliking the Eritreans. The Italian officers were constantly receiving telegrams, military \ncommands, oral tegsats from Italy. \n At last, it was said, \"From now on, a prison for Eritreans in that hot area, near the harbour \nmust be rebuilt with care\". This way, hundreds of Eritreans for many years were liquidated in \nthis new prison of Assab as replacement of Nakura, was opened. \n Several of the 240 named prisoners are \n Name Village \n Province \n1,Dej Mesfin Dej W Mikel Hazega Hamassien \n2, Dej Mahray Hagos Wegera Akele Guzai \n3, Dej Hadgembes Gelwet Adi Teklezan Hamassien \n4, Dej Tesemma Imam Tseazega Hamassien \n5, Dej Negusie Gebre Tsadek Areza Serae \n6, Dej Kifleyesus Gofar Dekuno Reda' Hamassien \n7, Kentiba Arey wedi Weldu 'Kushet Hamassien \n8, Kentiba Hamid Hidad Habab Sahel \n9, Kentiba Hailu Gebrai Hazega Hamassien \n10, Kentiba Hayelom \n11, Kentiba Manna Idiley Deki Shehai Anseba \n12, Kentiba Bahta Ferzun Dukuno Reda' Hamassien \n13, Kentiba Habtyes Habte Selasie Anseba Hamassien \n14, Kentiba Teku' Deki Sheha i Hamassien \n15, Kentiba Nasheh Lijam Adi Teklezan Hamassien \n16, Kentiba Aman \n17, Kentiba Gebre Mikel Melezenai Hamassien \n18, Kentiba Kidane 'Ukbit Debre Sina Hamassien \n19, Kentiba W Giorgis Teklai 'Arato Akele Guzai \n20, Kentiba Debas Hailu Hazega Hamassien \n21, Kentiba Hedad Hassen Habab Bet Asgede \n22, Kentiba Medhin Sahle Meshal Akele Guzai \n23, memhir W Giorgis (Abemnet) Gedam Debre Sina Hamassien \n24, Keshi Tequabo \n25, Sheik Osman Naib Base' Semhar \n26, Sheik Ibrahim 'Chira Kur kure \n27, Sheik Idris Nur Keren Bet Asgede \n28, Sheik Abubaker Ali Bet Keren Adi Tekleyes \n29, Sheik Idris Mohammed Habab Bet Asgede \n30, Sheik Fekak Ali Keren Habab \n31, Bahr Negasie 'Churum Adi Gehad Akele Guzai \n32, Blata G Zghair Gilai Tsada K ristian Hamassien \n33, Blatta Bachena \n34, Blata Tesfa Nesereab Hemberti Hamassien \n35, Blatta Men Ameno Tesfai Tseazega Hamassien \n36, Mrs Tsa'du Menameno Hemberti Hamassien \n37, Fitwerari Habte Sion Sebhatu Hemberti Hamassien \n38, Fit Debalkaw Baryagabir Ha'ley \n39, Fit Gurmu Adyabo Tigrai \n40, Fit Sebhat Bekhit Afdeyu Hamassien \n41, Fit Selomon \n42, Fit Meles Gebrezgi \n43, Fit Zerefa Tesfazgi \n44, Kegnazmach Gebre Tsadik 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ሃገራዊ ማዕከናት ከኣ ብመገድኩም ክተብጽሑልና ንላቦ። ይብጻሕ ናብ ዝከበርካ ኣብ ውሽጥን ወጻእን እትነብር ህዝብና፤ [External image reference] እቲ ሕጂ ኣብ ስልጣን ዘሎ ስርዓት፣ እቲ ድሑር ኣሰራርዓ መሓውር ስለያ ገረብ ብሓኽላ ኣወዳድባ፣ ካብ መፈጠሩ ኣትሒዙ ዝጥቀመሉ’ኳ ተነበረ፣ ካብ 1996 ደምበ ተቓውሞ እናሓየለ ኣብ ዝመጸሉ እዋን ኣብ መሬት ትግረን ሳሆን ብድሑር ኣተሓሳስባን ብቅዓትን ንጽባሕ ዘይብሉ ዕሱባት ካብ ዘይቲ ታኒካን ዓሸና ፊኖን ስጋብ 300ን 1500 ናቕፋ ዝተቆጸሩ ወተሃደራት ደቂ ብሄረ ሳሆ ብምእካብ ሎሚ እነሆ ደቂ ብሄረ ሳሆ ኣብ ፈቆዶ ጎዳጉዲ ይኣስሩን ይርሸኑን ኣማውተኦም ከፊኡ እነሆ ኣብ ጎረባብቲ ሃገራት ፋሕ ኢሎም ክርከቡ ቀሲቦምዎም ኣለው። ድሕሪ ሕጂ እዞም ከምዚ ዝበሉ ብሕፍንቲ እኽሊ ገዛእ ህዝቦም ዘበሳብሱ ከዳዓት ካብ ተግባሮም ተዘይተኣርኒቦም ናተኸታተልና ኣብ ቃልዕ ከምነውጸኦም ናሓበርና ንሕጂ ካብቶም ቀንዲ ከዳዓት ዝስዕቡ ናብ ደንበ ህዝቦም ክምለሱ ነተሓሳስቦም። 1. ዓቡዱራሕማን ጃስር ምክትል ኣዛዚ ሃገራዊ ድሕነት ዓዱ ሰንዓፈ ዓሌት ዳሳማ ምክትል ወዲ ካሳ 2. ሌተናል ኮነሬል ሹፋ ዑመር ኣዛዚ ዞባ 03 ስለያ ምክልካል ዓዱ ካሪቮሳ ዓሌት ሓሳባዓረ 3. ሌተናል ኮነሬል ኣደም መሓመድ ዓሊ (ደርግ) ኣዛዚ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 28 ዓዱ ቡሔሌ (ቁማዓረ) 4. ሸክ ኣደም ዑስማን ናይ ቀረባ ሃሱስ ኢሳይያስ ዓዱ ዋዓይተን (ታሩባዓ) 5. ናስር ያሕያ ጸረ ስለያ 03 ስለያ ምክልካል ዓዱ ቆሓይተ ሲበራሶ (ዓሰሌሳ) ስርሑ መንደፈራ 6. ዑስማን ዓብደላ ኣዛዚ ቦጦሎኒ ንኡስ ዞባ ሰንዓፈ ዓዱ የባዞ ዓለት ቁማዓረ ዘለዎ ዲዖት (ሩባ ሓዳስ) 7. መሓመድ መሓሙድ ኣዛዚ ሓይሊ ማይድማ መርማሪ ቤትማእሰርቲ 03 (ዓዱ ገርደስ (ገዓሶ) 8. መሓመድ ኢብራሂም ሸንደጋንዲን ወዳቢ ንኡስ ዞባ ፎሮ ስለያ ምክልካል ዓዱ ባከና 9. ሳልሕ መሓመድ ዓሊ ጡዑም ወዳቢ ንኡስ ዞባ ሰንዓፈ ከባቢ ሶይሮ ዕንደሊን ግያሲሓ ዓሌት ደብራሜላ 10. ማጆር ሳልሓዲን ኢብራሂም ምክትል ኣዛዚ ዞባ 01 ስለያ ምክልኻል ዓዱ ሰንዓፈ ኣጋራ ዓለት ገዓሶ (ስራሕ ቦትኡ ዓሰብ) 11. ኣሕመድ ዓድናን ወዳቢ ንኡስ ዞባ ዓዲቀይሕ ስለያ 03 ዓዱ ሩባ ሓዳስ ዓሌት ዓሳካሬ 12. ካፒቴን ሑሰን ሙሳ ሓላፊ ንኡስ ዞባ ባዶ ሓደ ስለያ ምክልካል ዓዱ ነፋሲት ዓሌት ታሪባዓ 13. ተለንተ ዓብዱ ዳውሻ ወዳቢ ንኡስ ዞባ ዓዲቀይሕ ሃገራዊ ድሕነት ዓዱ (ዑቡሪጋጋ) ዕንደሊ ዓሌት ሓዞ 14. ዓብዱ ዓሊ ዘይኑ ምክትል ኣዛዚ ንኡስ ዞባ ሰንዓፈ ሃገራዊ ድሕነት ዓዱ ሰንዓፈ ዓሌት ሓዞ ስራሕ ሰንዓፈ 15. ካይራ ሳልሕ ኣስኳላ ኮብራል ምክትል ኣዛዚ ንኡስ ዞባ ጾሮና ስለያ ምክልኻል ዓዱ ሩባ ሓዳስ ዓሌት ሓሳባተዓረ 16. እስማዒል ዑመር ዓሊ ኣሞገነ ወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሕነት (ሃሱስ) ዓዱ ሰይራ ዓሌት ጋዓሶ (ስራሕ ቦታ ኣስመራ) 17. ወ/ሮ ብሪ ሳልሕ ወካሊት ስለያ ምክልኻል ንኡስ ዞባ ሰንዓፈ ዓዳ ሰንዓፈ ዓሌት ዳብሪሜላ (ሰንዓፈ) 18. ሱሌማን ዳውድ ወኪል ንኡስ ዞባ ሰንዓፈ ስለያ ምክልኻል ዓዱ ኣሰድ ዓሌት ደብሪሜላ 19. መሓመድ ዓሊ ሓጂ ዓብደላ ወኪል ንኡስ ዞባ ስለያ ምክልካል (03) ዓዲ ኣሰድ ደብሪሜላ 20. ዓብደላ ዒጎ ወኪል ስርሒት ዞባ 5 ዓዱ ዕንደሊ ዓሌት ሓዞ 21. ኢስማዒል ሓመዶ ኣመሓዳሪ ዕንደሊ ወኪል ስለያ ስርሒት ዞባ 5 ዓዱ ዕንደሊ ዓሌት ሓዞ 22. ወ/ሮ ሓሊማ ዓብደላ ወካሊት ስርሒት ዞባ 5 ዓዳ ዕንደሊ ዓሌት ሓዞ (በሓሊማ) 23. ካፒተን እስማዒል መሓመድ ኣባል ሃገራዊ ድሕነት ዞባ ማእከል ዓዱ ሰሎሎ ዓሌት ዓሻካሬ 24. ሑሴን ሽም ዑመር ወኪል ስለያ ዞባ 3 ዓዲ ካሪቮሳ ዓሌት ሓሰባታዓረ 25. ኣይፈራሕ ኢብራሂም ኣዛዚ ሓይልን ወዳቢ ዞባ 03ን ዓዱ ውልሾ ዓሌት ገዓሶ 26. ሳልሕ መሓመድ ዓሊ ኣቦወንበር ሃማመተኤ ንኡስ ዞባ ኣቁርደት ዓዱ ካሪቮሳ ዓሌቱ ሓሰባትዓረ 27. እስማዒል ዓሊ ኣዛዚ ጋንታ ስለያ ምክልኻል ዞባ 03 ዓዱ ፈሲሖ ዓሌት ኢላሼ 28. ኣሕመድ ሸኽ ኣልኣሚን ኣዛዚ ጋንታ ዞባ 03 (መነኮሰይቶ) ዓዱ ሩባ ሓዳስ ዓሌት ሓሰባትዓረ 29. ዓብደላ ኣሕመድ ወኪል ዞባ 03 ዓዱ ዕንደሊ ዓሌት ሓዞ 30. ኢድሪስ ኣሕመድ ወኪል ዞባ 03 ዓዱ ዕንደሊ ዓሌት ሓዞ 31. ዑመር ሳልሕ ዑስማን ወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሐነት ንኡስ ዞባ ጾሮና ዓዱ እንዳባስቲፋኖስ ዓሌት ገሌሸ ዓረ 32. ዑስማን ኣሕመድ ጋላ (ኣባጋላ) ወኪል ስርሒት 3 ዓዱ ውጡሕ ዓሌት ዓሳካሬ 33. ኢድሪስ ሳልሕ ዓሊ ወኪል ዞባ 03 (ስለያ ምክልኻል ዓዱ ውጡሕ ዓሌት ዓሳካሬ 34. ሮሞዳን ኢድሪስ ዓሊ ሹም ወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሕነትን ስለያ ስርሒት 3 ዓዱ ውጡሕ ገሊሻ ዓረ 35. ወ/ሮ ፋጡማ ዑስማን ኣሕመድ ጋላ (ኣባጋላ) ስለያ ስርሒት 3 (ወኪል) ዓዳ እንዳባስቲፋኖስ ዓሌት ዓሳካሬ 36. ዑመር ስዒድ ወኪል ስለያ ዞባ 03 (ስለያ ምክልኻል) ዓዱ እንዳርጋብ ዓሌት ፍቁረትታዓ (ስራሕ እንዳዕሽ) 37. ሮሞዳን ሓጂ ዓሊ ወኪል ስለያ ዞባ 03 (ሰንዓፈ) ዓዱ ሰንዓፈ ዓሌት ጋዓሶ 38. መሓመድ ሽሙ ሓሰን ወኪል ስለያ ዞባ 03 ዓዱ ሰንዓፈ ዓሌት ጋዓሶ (ስራሕ ሰንዓፈ) 39. ኣደም ዑስማን ሓሴን ወኪል ስለያ ዞባ 03 ዓዲ መሳጎለዞላ ዓሌት ሓኮታዓ (ዓዲቀይሕ ስራሕ) 40. መሓመድ ኢብራሂም ዑስማን ኣዛዚ ሓይሊ ዞባ 03 ዓዲ መሳጎላዞላ ዓሌት ሓኮተዓረ 41. ዓብዱ ሓንደ ወኪል ስርሒት 5 ሰንዓፈ ጋዓሶ ካብዚ ወጻኢ ዘለው ከኣ ካብዚኦም ተማሂሮም ኢዶም ተዘይኣርኒቦም ኣብ ቀጻሊ ስሞም ጠቂስና ክነስዕቦም ኢና ሰላም ቅነ። ካብ ባርዕ በለዛ 26/08/2010 List of Mercenaries People Criminals in Eritrea", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "be8e4906dbf5bdb63372d94b", "source_sha256": "64851e057f14fe8e5baf6a04a80672846854f5692094c70c70dc1026839101c3", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-46f92c1b06037cb8691e79f6", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/0", "start": 0, "end": 176 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "ከደዓት እንክቃልዑ - ኣብ ብሄረ ሳሆ ግፍዒ ዝሰርሑ", "href": "http://tig.asmarino.com/tig/articles/694-2010-08-29-15-13-39" } ] }, { "id": "b-746a76d468562ac2f73429c2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/0", "start": 201, "end": 256 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Sunday, 29 August 2010 15:11 ካብ ባርዕ በለዛ" } ] }, { "id": "b-7277d99a494bef8e0d9c9c75", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/0", "start": 1220, "end": 1232 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሰላም ወጋሕታውያን፤" } ] }, { "id": "b-4f86ada7c5171c0d7c886079", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/0", "start": 1220, "end": 1232 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " ቅድሚ ሕጂ ከደዓት ክእርነቡ ጸውዒት ምቅራብኹም ኩላትና ንዝክሮ ሓቂ’ዩ። ብዙሓት ለባማት ነቲ ጸውዒት ተቀቢሎም ልቢ ዘዕብዩ ዘለው ክኾኑ ከለው እቶም ገለ ብጥቅሚ ዝሰድዑ ግና ሕጂ’ውን ገበን ኣብ ርእሲ ገበን ናደርዑ ይኸዱ ኣለው። ነዚኦም መአደቢ ተኾነ ኣብ ብሄረ ሳሆ ግፍዒ ዝሰርሑ ዘለው ገበነኛታት ብተኸታታሊ ክነቅርበልኩም ኢና። ንህዝብና ብታ ድምጺ ሓቂ ሬድዮኹም ኣቃልሑልና ንኩለን ሃገራዊ ማዕከናት ከኣ ብመገድኩም ክተብጽሑልና ንላቦ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-f36560fe6c89b6f255b1e1e3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/0", "start": 1220, "end": 1232 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " ይብጻሕ ናብ ዝከበርካ ኣብ ውሽጥን ወጻእን እትነብር ህዝብና፤" } ] }, { "id": "b-e71f75ff04813dfe281177be", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/11/0", "start": 1602, "end": 1729 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "[External image reference]", "href": "http://tig.asmarino.com/images/stories/eritrea%20map.jpg" }, { "text": "\n እቲ ሕጂ ኣብ ስልጣን ዘሎ ስርዓት፣ እቲ ድሑር ኣሰራርዓ መሓውር ስለያ ገረብ ብሓኽላ ኣወዳድባ፣ ካብ መፈጠሩ ኣትሒዙ ዝጥቀመሉ’ኳ ተነበረ፣ ካብ 1996 ደምበ ተቓውሞ እናሓየለ ኣብ ዝመጸሉ እዋን ኣብ መሬት ትግረን ሳሆን ብድሑር ኣተሓሳስባን ብቅዓትን ንጽባሕ ዘይብሉ ዕሱባት ካብ ዘይቲ ታኒካን ዓሸና ፊኖን ስጋብ 300ን 1500 ናቕፋ ዝተቆጸሩ ወተሃደራት ደቂ ብሄረ ሳሆ ብምእካብ ሎሚ እነሆ ደቂ ብሄረ ሳሆ ኣብ ፈቆዶ ጎዳጉዲ ይኣስሩን ይርሸኑን ኣማውተኦም ከፊኡ እነሆ ኣብ ጎረባብቲ ሃገራት ፋሕ ኢሎም ክርከቡ ቀሲቦምዎም ኣለው። " } ] }, { "id": "b-c99bbf749942075daf2c456e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/11/0", "start": 1602, "end": 1729 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " ድሕሪ ሕጂ እዞም ከምዚ ዝበሉ ብሕፍንቲ እኽሊ ገዛእ ህዝቦም ዘበሳብሱ ከዳዓት ካብ ተግባሮም ተዘይተኣርኒቦም ናተኸታተልና ኣብ ቃልዕ ከምነውጸኦም ናሓበርና ንሕጂ ካብቶም ቀንዲ ከዳዓት ዝስዕቡ ናብ ደንበ ህዝቦም ክምለሱ ነተሓሳስቦም።" } ] }, { "id": "b-ac8cc26358064f336984c3c3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/11/0", "start": 1602, "end": 1729 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " 1. ዓቡዱራሕማን ጃስር ምክትል ኣዛዚ ሃገራዊ ድሕነት ዓዱ ሰንዓፈ ዓሌት ዳሳማ ምክትል ወዲ ካሳ\n 2. ሌተናል ኮነሬል ሹፋ ዑመር ኣዛዚ ዞባ 03 ስለያ ምክልካል ዓዱ ካሪቮሳ ዓሌት ሓሳባዓረ\n 3. ሌተናል ኮነሬል ኣደም መሓመድ ዓሊ (ደርግ) ኣዛዚ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 28 ዓዱ ቡሔሌ (ቁማዓረ)\n 4. ሸክ ኣደም ዑስማን ናይ ቀረባ ሃሱስ ኢሳይያስ ዓዱ ዋዓይተን (ታሩባዓ)\n 5. ናስር ያሕያ ጸረ ስለያ 03 ስለያ ምክልካል ዓዱ ቆሓይተ ሲበራሶ (ዓሰሌሳ) ስርሑ መንደፈራ\n 6. ዑስማን ዓብደላ ኣዛዚ ቦጦሎኒ ንኡስ ዞባ ሰንዓፈ ዓዱ የባዞ ዓለት ቁማዓረ ዘለዎ ዲዖት (ሩባ ሓዳስ)\n 7. መሓመድ መሓሙድ ኣዛዚ ሓይሊ ማይድማ መርማሪ ቤትማእሰርቲ 03 (ዓዱ ገርደስ (ገዓሶ)\n 8. መሓመድ ኢብራሂም ሸንደጋንዲን ወዳቢ ንኡስ ዞባ ፎሮ ስለያ ምክልካል ዓዱ ባከና\n 9. ሳልሕ መሓመድ ዓሊ ጡዑም ወዳቢ ንኡስ ዞባ ሰንዓፈ ከባቢ ሶይሮ ዕንደሊን ግያሲሓ ዓሌት ደብራሜላ\n 10. ማጆር ሳልሓዲን ኢብራሂም ምክትል ኣዛዚ ዞባ 01 ስለያ ምክልኻል ዓዱ ሰንዓፈ ኣጋራ ዓለት ገዓሶ (ስራሕ ቦትኡ ዓሰብ)\n 11. ኣሕመድ ዓድናን ወዳቢ ንኡስ ዞባ ዓዲቀይሕ ስለያ 03 ዓዱ ሩባ ሓዳስ ዓሌት ዓሳካሬ\n 12. ካፒቴን ሑሰን ሙሳ ሓላፊ ንኡስ ዞባ ባዶ ሓደ ስለያ ምክልካል ዓዱ ነፋሲት ዓሌት ታሪባዓ\n 13. ተለንተ ዓብዱ ዳውሻ ወዳቢ ንኡስ ዞባ ዓዲቀይሕ ሃገራዊ ድሕነት ዓዱ (ዑቡሪጋጋ) ዕንደሊ ዓሌት ሓዞ\n 14. ዓብዱ ዓሊ ዘይኑ ምክትል ኣዛዚ ንኡስ ዞባ ሰንዓፈ ሃገራዊ ድሕነት ዓዱ ሰንዓፈ ዓሌት ሓዞ ስራሕ ሰንዓፈ\n 15. ካይራ ሳልሕ ኣስኳላ ኮብራል ምክትል ኣዛዚ ንኡስ ዞባ ጾሮና ስለያ ምክልኻል ዓዱ ሩባ ሓዳስ ዓሌት ሓሳባተዓረ\n 16. እስማዒል ዑመር ዓሊ ኣሞገነ ወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሕነት (ሃሱስ) ዓዱ ሰይራ ዓሌት ጋዓሶ (ስራሕ ቦታ ኣስመራ)\n 17. ወ/ሮ ብሪ ሳልሕ ወካሊት ስለያ ምክልኻል ንኡስ ዞባ ሰንዓፈ ዓዳ ሰንዓፈ ዓሌት ዳብሪሜላ (ሰንዓፈ)\n 18. ሱሌማን ዳውድ ወኪል ንኡስ ዞባ ሰንዓፈ ስለያ ምክልኻል ዓዱ ኣሰድ ዓሌት ደብሪሜላ\n 19. መሓመድ ዓሊ ሓጂ ዓብደላ ወኪል ንኡስ ዞባ ስለያ ምክልካል (03) ዓዲ ኣሰድ ደብሪሜላ\n 20. ዓብደላ ዒጎ ወኪል ስርሒት ዞባ 5 ዓዱ ዕንደሊ ዓሌት ሓዞ\n 21. ኢስማዒል ሓመዶ ኣመሓዳሪ ዕንደሊ ወኪል ስለያ ስርሒት ዞባ 5 ዓዱ ዕንደሊ ዓሌት ሓዞ\n 22. ወ/ሮ ሓሊማ ዓብደላ ወካሊት ስርሒት ዞባ 5 ዓዳ ዕንደሊ ዓሌት ሓዞ (በሓሊማ)\n 23. ካፒተን እስማዒል መሓመድ ኣባል ሃገራዊ ድሕነት ዞባ ማእከል ዓዱ ሰሎሎ ዓሌት ዓሻካሬ\n 24. ሑሴን ሽም ዑመር ወኪል ስለያ ዞባ 3 ዓዲ ካሪቮሳ ዓሌት ሓሰባታዓረ \n 25. ኣይፈራሕ ኢብራሂም ኣዛዚ ሓይልን ወዳቢ ዞባ 03ን ዓዱ ውልሾ ዓሌት ገዓሶ\n 26. ሳልሕ መሓመድ ዓሊ ኣቦወንበር ሃማመተኤ ንኡስ ዞባ ኣቁርደት ዓዱ ካሪቮሳ ዓሌቱ ሓሰባትዓረ\n 27. እስማዒል ዓሊ ኣዛዚ ጋንታ ስለያ ምክልኻል ዞባ 03 ዓዱ ፈሲሖ ዓሌት ኢላሼ\n 28. ኣሕመድ ሸኽ ኣልኣሚን ኣዛዚ ጋንታ ዞባ 03 (መነኮሰይቶ) ዓዱ ሩባ ሓዳስ ዓሌት ሓሰባትዓረ\n 29. ዓብደላ ኣሕመድ ወኪል ዞባ 03 ዓዱ ዕንደሊ ዓሌት ሓዞ\n 30. ኢድሪስ ኣሕመድ ወኪል ዞባ 03 ዓዱ ዕንደሊ ዓሌት ሓዞ\n 31. ዑመር ሳልሕ ዑስማን ወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሐነት ንኡስ ዞባ ጾሮና ዓዱ እንዳባስቲፋኖስ ዓሌት ገሌሸ ዓረ\n 32. ዑስማን ኣሕመድ ጋላ (ኣባጋላ) ወኪል ስርሒት 3 ዓዱ ውጡሕ ዓሌት ዓሳካሬ\n 33. ኢድሪስ ሳልሕ ዓሊ ወኪል ዞባ 03 (ስለያ ምክልኻል ዓዱ ውጡሕ ዓሌት ዓሳካሬ\n 34. ሮሞዳን ኢድሪስ ዓሊ ሹም ወኪል ሃገራዊ ድሕነትን ስለያ ስርሒት 3 ዓዱ ውጡሕ ገሊሻ ዓረ\n 35. ወ/ሮ ፋጡማ ዑስማን ኣሕመድ ጋላ (ኣባጋላ) ስለያ ስርሒት 3 (ወኪል) ዓዳ እንዳባስቲፋኖስ ዓሌት ዓሳካሬ\n 36. ዑመር ስዒድ ወኪል ስለያ ዞባ 03 (ስለያ ምክልኻል) ዓዱ እንዳርጋብ ዓሌት ፍቁረትታዓ (ስራሕ እንዳዕሽ)\n 37. ሮሞዳን ሓጂ ዓሊ ወኪል ስለያ ዞባ 03 (ሰንዓፈ) ዓዱ ሰንዓፈ ዓሌት ጋዓሶ\n 38. መሓመድ ሽሙ ሓሰን ወኪል ስለያ ዞባ 03 ዓዱ ሰንዓፈ ዓሌት ጋዓሶ (ስራሕ ሰንዓፈ)\n 39. ኣደም ዑስማን 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scenes for the denial of Naizgi's body burial in Eritrea?" ], "language": "mixed", "author": null, "byline": null, "byline_role": null, "date": null, "metadata_evidence": [], "text": "What is behind the scenes for the denial of Naizgi's body burial in Eritrea? nayzgi-kiflu 1941-2012 ንምውት ምቕባር ንሕዙን ምጽንናዕ ንእሱር፥ ንሕሙም ምብጻሕ ንዕሩቕ ምኽዳን ንጽሙእ ምስታይ ንጋሻ ምቕባል ንጭኑቕ ምጽንናዕ ኣምላኽ ዝፈትዎም ባህርያት ኢዮም። እቲ ንእዝጊሄ ዝፈርሕ ህዝቢ ኸኣ ናቱ ይገብሮም An Eulogy Of Naizghi Kflu: A Translation Compiled by Resoum Kidane 07/03/2012 This page has a compilation of articles, opinions, news, cartoons, poems, comments, videoclip and audio with regard to the delay in the burial of the late Ambassador of Eritrea in Russia Mr. Nayzghi Kiflu. The purpose of this document is to record the inhuman behavior of the Eritrean President Isaias Afewerki, and to show that he can do whatever he likes, even stopping the Eritrean Ambassador in London Tesfamicael Gerahtu, from going for the churchfuneral service on 16th of February 2012. ብዓልቲ ቤት ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ወ/ሮ ሓረጉ ንኣንባሳደር ተስፋሚካኤል ገራህቱ ብተደጋጋሚ ክትረኽቦ እኳ እንተፈተነት የለኹን ክምዘበለ ይንገር። ናብ ገዛ ነፍሰ ሄር ናይዝጊ ብምኻድ ዝበጽሑን፥ መንግስቲ ናይ ቀብሩ ሓላፍነት ከም ዝስከም ዝሐበሩን ሰበ-ስልጣን ኤርትራ [Read more] ኣብ ሙሉእ ዓለም ዘሎ ኤርትራዊ፡ ፕረሲደንት ኢሰያስ ኣፈወርቂ፡ ብጉዳይ ነፍሰ-ሄር ናይዘጊ ክፍሉ፡ መግለጺ/መልሲ ክህብ ይጽበዮ ኣሎ። 50 ዓመት ዝኣክል ዝተቓለሰ 2 ሜትሮ ጉድጓድ ዓደ-ኣብኡን ሃገሩን ከመይ ገይሩ ይንፈጎ ኢሉ ብኣኽብሮት ይሐትት ኣሎ። ትም ኣይመልስን። [source meskereme.com] source: Jeberti.com [Video] Voice Of Eritrea is conducting an interview with Mr. Kidane Hagos from Canada, Mr. Merid Zeru from Netherlands, and Mr. Bereket Yohannes from Manitoba. Niazghi Kiflu who was a close friend and right hand man of Isaias Afewerki died on the 6th February 2012. On the day of his death government officials, Mr. Yemane Ghebreab, Tesfamicael Gerahtu, and Mr. Osman Saleh, Minister of Foreign Affairs, informed the family that his body will be taken to Eritrea to receive a martyr’s burial ceremony. Despite this promise, it is more than a month since Niazghi died but his body is still not buried due to the Eritrea embassy in London failing to issue the required documentation for it to be flown to Eretria. When the Eritrean Embassy was asked to provide a reason for the delay by the PFDJ’s supporters, meskerm net website, and VOA staff, the only answer were that they are still waiting to hear from the Eritrean President. This was a shock for everyone even for the PFDJ supporters. ከመይ ዝበለ ክብደት ዘለዎ ጉዳይ ስለ ዝኾነ እዩ? ካብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝን ካብ ውሽጢ ሃገርን ዝነፍስ ዘሎ ርጥብ ዝበለ ወረ፡ ጉዳይ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ናብ ፕረሲደነት ኢሰያስ ከም ዝተሰጋገረን፡ ዋላ'ውን ንገዛእ ርእሱ ኤምባሲ ኤርትራ ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ፡ ውሳኔ ናይ ፕረሲደንት ኢሰያስ ይጽበ ከም ዘሎ ይሕበር። ካሳብ ውሳኔ ፕረሲደንት ሃገር ኤርትራ ዘድልዮ ድኣ፡ ከመይ ዝበለ ክብደት ዘለዎ ጉዳይ ስለ ዝኾነ እዩ ዝብሉ ናብ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ቅርበት ዘለዎም ዜጋታት ትሒም-ትሒም ይብሉ ከም ዘለዉ ይፍለጥ This has raised a serious question why the Eritrean President, Isaias Afewerki refuses to allow the Niazgi body to be buried in Eritrea? According to some sources the current crisis over the burial might have arisen because the deceased’s the good relations with Afewerki had deteriorated over the past few years. Additionally, a rumor circulating in London states that Niazgi left a written testimony of some 200 pages. If this true, all secrets of Isaias Afewerki will be revealed in the near future. This piece of information was posted on http://erigazette.org/?p=1723 Lekatit says that it makes sense to suppose that there is something happening behind the curtain. And I believe it is an expose, The dictator is trying to damage the reputation of Nizghi Read the full information which is written in Tigrigna : Lekatit says: ካብ ከባቢ ለንደን ዝነፍስ ዘሎ ናይ እሙናት ምንጭታት ሓበሬታ ከምዝሕብሮ: ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ካብ ኢሳያስ ኣፈወርቂ ደስኪሉን ተቐያይሙን ክፍለ ከሎ: “ሓዊ ተፊኡ” ካብዛ ዓለም ከም ዝፍለ ብጋህዲ ኣፍሊጡ ኔሩ እዩ። እቶም እሙናት ምንጭታት ከም ዝሓበርዎ: ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ንገድሊ ኤርትራ ብዓይኒ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ዘዘንትው 200 ገጻት ዝሓዘ: ናይ ኑዛዜ ይኹን: ናይ ታሪኽ ሰነድ ዛጊት ዘይተፈልጠ: ብኢዱ ኣብ ለንደን ኣብ ዝነበረሉ እተጻሕፈ ከምዘሎ ተፈሊጡ ኣሎ። እዛ ሰነድ እዚኣ: ብክልተ ቅዳሕ ጥራይ ተራቢሓ: ንክልተ እሙናት መተዓቢቱ ይኹኑ ወይ መቕርቡ ዘይተፈልጠ: ኣብ ዕሹግ ቡስጣ ተዋሂባ ኣላ። እታ ቡስጣ ናይዝጊ ምስ ሞተ ድሕሪ ክልተ ዓመት ክትከፈትን: ኣድላዪ እንተኾይኑ ድማ ብወረቐት ክትሕተም ወይ ድማ ብኢንተርነት ክትዝርጋሕ ለበዋ ከም ዘለዋ የረድኡ። ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ብኢሳያስ ደስኪሉን ተነጺጉን: ብዘይ ሓደ ቁጠባዊ ወይ ሞራላዊ ሓገዝ ካብ ኢሳያስ ይኹን ካብ ህግደፍ ብምፍላዩ: ብዙሕ ከም ተባሳጨወ: ብዙሓት ትሒም ትሒም እናበሉ ዝሕብርዎ እዩ። ናይዝጊ ግና ሕኒሕነ ናይ ዝኹሉ “ሓዊ ኣጒድሎም” ከምዝኸይድ ህግደፍ ውን ይፈልጥ እዩ። እታ ንኢሳያስ ካብ ለንደን ብሰበሰብ ዝበጽሓቶ: ናይ ናይዝጊ ቃል “ንዓይሲ ከም ኮንዶም?” እትብል እያ። እቲ ቐንዲ ሕቶ: ምስጢር” ኑዛዜ ናይዝጊ” እንታይ ኮን እያ ቋጺራ [source : Published on http://erigazette.org/?p=1723 እቲ ዘገርም ኣቶ ኢሳያስ ብዛዕባ “ኑዛዜ ናይዝጊ” ከመይ ኣቢሉ በጽሖ። ትሕዝቶ መጽሃፈ “ኑዛዜ ናይዝጊ” ኸ እንታይ ይኸውን? ዝብል እዩ።Lekatit says It makes sense, there is something that is happening behind the curtain, And I believe it is an expose, The dictator is trying to damage the reputation of Nizghi [External image reference] Listen to Mesfen Hgos interview with the Voice of America on Naizghi-Kiflu Death and Burial Controversy Mesfen Hgos in his interview with the Voice of America said that he couldn’t remember any departments or units where Naizghi was working after 1974. This could raise a question as to why Mesfin Hogos who was in the leadership of the EPLF from 1971 to 1987, intentionally refused to publicise where Naizghi was working after 1974 [find more information] Without any doubt, I am definitely sure that most veteran fighters who joined the EPLF before 1976, still remember that Naizghi was working in the security department in 1974 and with the logistics department from late 1975 to the early 1977. After Naizghi was elected to the Central Committee at the first EPLF Organisational congress in 1977, he started working in various capacities within foreign affairs outside Eritrea until independence. It is worthwhile to look briefly who was working in the EPLF security department from the time of the Menka ringleaders’ imprisonment until the late 1980s. [For more information on prisoners and prisons of the EPLF please check thishttp://www.ehrea.org/whoaret.php] Naizghi was working in the security department as interrogator with others being Ash-al wedi Zere, and Haile Jebha during the imprisonment of Menka ringleader in 1974. According to Welde Mariam the head of interrogators was Welde Mikel Haile who said that the ringleaders of the Menka movement made military discipline mistakes but had not committed crimes and decided to close the case. Isayas was not there but Selomon was . Because they did not want to accept this decision, Mesfin Hagos, Selomon and Ali Said said they did not need the present interrogators and put up a new committee.Read full story 1974 Welde Mikel was demoted from head of 'TseTeta' now called 'Halewa Sewra' and made haili leader and sent to Zager. He was killed shortly after the victory of Segeneti by an unidentified gunman at Segeneti, his birth place. When this occurred there was a radio message in this code \" Itia Abai Lham Ab Mereta Wediqa\", meaning that the great leader rest on his land\".This is also confirmed from other sources መደባትና፡ ነቲ ኪንዮ ጸሊም ራዕዲ ዘሎ ደበና፡ ምቕንጣጥ ኢዩ!!! - 4ይ ክፋ 2008 \"መልእኽቲ ሚስጢር (ኮድ) ኦፕረይትተር ንኩነታት መቕተልቲ ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለ ኣብ ኩናት ምሕራር ሰገነይቲ ንኣብነት፡ “እታ ላም ኣብ ዓደ ኣቦኣ ተሓሪዳ” ኢዩ ዝብል ነይሩ። Welde Mariam states that the Menkae ringleaders were executed in Bliquat in 1975, and a head guard stationed in the execution is still alive.(Source Welde Mariam on Menkae Adhanom Fitwi adds that the Menkae ringleaders were executed in 1975. This was after a military court imposed the death penalty for Menka ringleader: Musie, Yohannes, Tareke, Afworki, Teklu and others. Mesfin Hagos was among the members of the military court responsible for the death of the Menka ringleaders in 1975. [Read full story from Memories of Menkae and After:Adhanom Fitwi [Read full story from Memories of Menkae and After:Adhanom Fitwi In 1975 and 1976 Solomon Wolde Mariam was the head of Halewa Sewra when many innocent fighters including Menka group became his victims. According Solomon a large number of people were killed during his leadership and the as head of Halewa . He added, that around one thousand fighters who participated in the Menka movement were rehabilitated after undergoing serious political indoctrination and self-criticism ( Mengiseab,49:2005). When he was asked regarding this and about them by the public at the meeting in Keren in 1978, he admitted that all of them were innocents In 1977 Solomon was no longer the head of the EPLF security department. He had been replaced by Ali Said. who became the head of security from then on until 198? (Halewa Sewra). According to Teklay Aden the security department killed no less than 3,000 persons from 1973 to 1980 (Halewa Sewra). From 1977 to 1987 Ali Said was the Head of security department (Halewa Sewra) According to Teklay Aden the security department killed no less than 3,000 persons from 1973 to 1980. Find more information. When looking back at the history of the individuals who worked in the Halewa Sewra, most of them were killed or found dead. To mention a few of them: Welde Mikel who was the 'TseTeta' now called'Halewa Sewra'was killed shortly after the victory of Segeneti by an unidentified gunman; Ash-al wedi Zere, and Haile Jebha who were interrogators during the Menka movement and after, both of them perished. Haile Jebha was executed in 1980 being part of Yemen movement; Ash-al wedi Zere who served under Haile Jebha in the Halewa Sewra for many years and witnessed the death of the revolutionaries of 1973 was also reported to have been found dead; he probably committed suicide. This was after his boss Haile Jebha was liquidated as Yemin or rightist. Solomon Wolde Mariam who was the head of Halewa Sewra from 1974 until 1977 was also executed in 1980. Ali Said who was the head of Halewa Sewra was also founded dead in 2005. Naizgi died on 6th of Feb and his body is not yet flow to Eritrea for burial The person who knows more secrets than anyone is Mesfin Hagos. According Meharena Hadgu, Mesfin Hagos was one of the top leaders and nothing is done without their approval. Isayas was the chairman, others being Mesfin, Selomon, Tewelde Eyob who was later killed being part of Menka, and Asmerom Gerezghier. 6-7 committee members were elected, and those like Mesfin were top leaders [Read more]. Is it because of this, that Mesfin Hagos preferred to keep silent in public? In his interview with the VOA he said that he could not remember where Naizgi was working after 1974. Regarding this, Meharena Hadgu states that Mesfin Hagos was from the leadership and the present situation makes him afraid of retribution. The charging committee was under the top leadership like of Mesfin, Isayas and Romadan. Mesfin is probably afraid that he will be asked to account for the injustices he had helped to perpetrate. (Read more(Read more) መስፍን ሓጎስ ኩሉግዜ ተሓላቓይ ናይ ኢሳያስ ኮይኑ፣ ነቲ ኢሳያስ ዝፍጽሞ ገበናት እናሸፈነ ክነብር ዝደሊ ሓላፍነት ዘይስመዖ ውልቀሰብ እዩ። ብቐሊሉ ዘኽፈኣሉ ዘጸብቐሉን ዘይፈልጥ ምዃኑ ዝሕብረካ ብዛዕባ ‘መንካዕ’ ተሓቲቱ ክምልሽ ከሎ፡ “ግቡእ መቕጻዕቶም እዮም ረኺቦም” በለ። እቲ ሕቶ ‘መንካዕ’ ኢሎም ይጸዉዑ እምበር ብኻልእ ኣዘራርባ እቶም ኣብ ቤት ፍርዲ ከይቀረቡ ገበኖም ከይተፈልጠን ከይተመርመረን ብዘይ ሓንቲ ክንዲ ጽፍሪ ትኸውን ቅንጣብ ጌጋ ከይተረኽቦም ብሓሶት ኣልዕል ኣቢልካ ስሞም ብምጽላም ዝቕተሉ ዝነበሩ ዘጠቓልል ሕቶ እዩ ተሓቲቱ። ነቲ ጉዳይ መንካዕ ብከመይ ትገልጾ ተባሂሉ ንዝቐረበሉ ሕቶ፡ ግቡእ መቕጻዕቶም እዮም ረኺቦም ኢሉ ዝሃቦ ብዱዕ መልሲ ኩሉ እዩ ሰሚዑዎ። መሊሱ መቕጻእቲ ዝበሃልexcrept fromወፍሮም ንገዘኦም ዘይተመልሱ (ሳልሳይን ናይ መወዳእታን ክፋል) Adhanom Gebremariam On Naizghi Kflu Read more June 13, 2012 Semere T Habtemariam Ambassador Adhanom: Do all people prove their innocence in a court of law? It is only the accused who does so in a court of law. What we have here is hearsay. First, in any situation, as the saying goes, you want to be told by those with first-hand knowledge. We need to insist on testimony from people with first-hand knowledge; otherwise, it will be hearsay and this hearsay is being taken as truth by particularly our diaspora communities. Let me tell you the truth: the alleged crimes of Naizghi are those that supposedly took place in “meda.” Naizghi has nothing—not even an iota—to do with the killing of those that are commonly referred to as “Menka’a, Yemin or yemenawyan” by the EPLF. On the other hand, Naizghi was head of EPLF’s economics department between 1975 and 1976. When in 1977, Naizghi was assigned to be Ali Said’s deputy in the Revolutionary Guard, he found out that the department eerily resembled a Hitler-like and Stalinist agency and refused to take the post and courageously challenged the institution. Naizghi was the first and last, in EPLF’s history who rejected and challengedsuch an institution. Tegadalay Mesih Reesom was the one who showed my comrades, Beraki, Berhane Gebrezgabier, even Sebhat Efrem who is currently serving the regime and I the way (to join) to Freedom Party (Selfi Nezanet). Mesih was condemned as “menka’a” and killed. He was a close relative to Naizghi on his father’s side. Naizghi was always sorrowful by the liquidation of Mesih. I tell you this based on what I know! Beside this, Debessay Gebreselassi and Naizghi grew up and went to school together. These two were members of Mahber Shewate and Amare Gebremariam has written about this on the web. Amare mentioned Andemicael Kahsai as their third member and the trios were responsible for organizing the youth of Mendefera and enlisting them in Mahber Shewate. Debessay Gebreselassie was also condemned as menkae and killed. Naizghi grieved all his life by the death of Debassay. I could have spoken a lot about Andemicael, Naizghi and Debessay. In addition, those that were condemned and killed as Yemin such as Mehari Girmazion and Eyob Gebreluul were close friends of Naizghi. Close comrades of Naizghi. Both men were educated in the former Soviet Union and joined the “meda” from there. Naizghi grieved all his life by their death. Let me tell you by tying all of this together. All these people I mentioned: Naizghi, Mehari and Eyob Gebreluul were all educated in the former SovietUnion. In late seventies (1970s), after completing his education in the former Soviet Union, Naizghi went to America and played a leading role in the formation of the Eritrean Students in North America. ESNA was a powerful organization and Naizghi was its founder. On his way to Addis Abeba, Eyob Gebreluul met Woldeab Woldemariam in Cairo and after acquiring a thorough understanding of the situation started to organize few people in Addis Abeba. One of the people he enlisted was Temesgen Haile who was martyred in 1973 at Addis Abeba prison. One of the group’s members was also Mesih. Mesih was a cousin of Naizghi and Eyob was able to meet him on the basis of the information Naizghi had provided. These are the people that, in turn, organized us. Finally, these are also the people that started “Tihisa”, the magazine. Mehari Girmazion stayed in Europe. He played a critical role in persuading the Eritrean students in Europe to join the Peoples Forces. He was a formidable fighter. Due to the death of Mesih, Eyob, Debessay and Mehari, Naizghi had always felt that his half self was buried under ground. He had a heavy heart (wounded heart) but, since, like most of us, what inspired him was the question of independence, he had to patiently and steadfastly struggle till we realized our independence. Therefore, this is how I know Naizghi. He is rumored to play a role in the case of G15. Be as it may be, he has no role in G15 what-so-ever. Those who played a role are different people: they used to meet with us but we didn’t know how they came to join us. Allegations have been made online of how Naizghi, after independence, made it possible for several people to be killed and jailed in Adi Khwala. But, I was in Mendefera during this time. There was a committee that was established in Asmera and Naizghi was not the sole actor. The committee was the one that made the decision to convict them. The committee was made of several people and Naizghi cannot be held responsible severally. All the defendants (the accused) were former members of the Ethiopian junta. We can all have differing views on whether the accused should have been convicted this way but Naizghi should not be held responsible severally. What grieves me a little is that Naizghi was the Minister of Information when the journalists who are dying in Era-ero were arrested. I’ve received claims that he had a role in their arrest and imprisonment. I’ve serious reservations. Whether the claims are true or not, Naizghi should have remained true to himself and his record of struggle and resigned in protest or disassociated himself from the regime. This is my view. But to let the people who actually committed the crimes freely roam the streets; those who killed during our armed struggle and make Naizghi the scapegoat is tantamount to exonerating them or giving them impunity and defaming Naizghi for something that he had nothing to do with. If it’s about Menka’e, let me tell you this: whether the secret party has a role or not or whether it was conducted in that way or not, the secret party was in charge of the front. Naizghi was not a member of the secret party. There was a judicial committee that was responsible to render a judgment on the Menka’e case and it was established by the leadership. And it was the leadership that eventually made the decision. The judicial committee was led by Ibrahim Affa. Naizghi had no role what-so-ever during this time. Its true Naizghi had a good relationship with Isaias and Isaias has done him good. Isaias assigned Naizghi to North America. The money that was coming from North America was only going to the Second Group and Isaias was the only recipient. Whether it is for this reason or not, Naizghi refused to serve at the Revolutionary Guard. By refusing to serve at the Revolutionary Guard that he characterized as Gestapo, Naizghi would have put himself in grave danger had it not been for Isaias’ intervention. Isaias rescued Naizghi by sending him to Algeria to be the front’s representative. Algeria was a semi prison for there was no need or work for Naizghi to be there. Naizghi has been serving as the head of economics department when he was sent away to Algeria. It was not only Naizghi that was rescued by Isaias but also a certain Tewelde Wediflansa who was facing grave danger under the Revolutionary Guard. If we don’t present history accurately, then, the youth generation would have a corrupted view of history. This is what I know about Naizghi. Whatever the case might be, Naizghi has the right to be buried in his homeland. In the spirit of honesty, let me also tell you that Naizghi had a bad habit; a foul mouth and called everyone son-of-a-bitch. If Naizghi likes you, he would call you son-of-his-sister, Shar (nephew). His mother got blind and when he comes home, he would shout,”hey, Imuna the blind, you’ve not lost your hearing. Because of your deeds, God made you blind and so forth,” and this is how he spent (jokingly) his time with her. His mother would miss him dearly even if he is late for few minutes. One day, while I was in Mendefera, she called to ask me about Naizghi because he was running late. I told her that she has nothing to miss but his insults and she responded that is what she misses the most about him. As a person, Naizghi was not cruel. Sometimes, his foul mouth would say stuff that you would not expect from a child. Let me tell you; I was in Mendefera. The elders of Mendefera remember two people. There were many elders who are fondly remembered such as memhr Sa’ire and others, but the one that is remembered for his wisdom and reconciliatory spirit was no other than the principal of San Giorgio School, memhr Hussein. Naizghi had a reputation as a trouble-maker in Mendefera but people liked him. This is what I know about Naizghi. Therefore, whether it is this or that, as I previously told you, he has the right to be buried in his homeland. This kind of action that is being taken by Isaias is morally and legally unacceptable. Radio Erena: Okay, Adhanom.You’ve raised an important issue while responding to my queries. For example, you’ve stated that when Naizghi refused to serve at the Revolutionary Guard, it was Isaias that came to his rescue. In addition, you’ve also bore a testimony that Isaias was the one who rescued Tewelde Wediflansa when he was placed under the Revolutionary Guard. Many people say that the Eritrean revolution or the Peoples’ Front and particularly after thesecession from the ELF and the formation of the EPLF, the current President of Eritrea, Isaias Afwerki, or the then Secretary General of the EPLF was always in full and total control of the organization and free to do what he pleases. This is what many people believe and understand. Now, when Naizghi refused to serve at the Revolutionary Guard, it could only mean that he was refusing Isaias.Personally, I feel giving due credit and to truthfully bear witness is, is a courageous thing and one that needs to be promoted. But this raises eye-brows. I find it puzzling of how the system would allow Isaias to rescue Naizghi and Wediflansa then and produce a tyrant that seems to be devoid of any humanity now. How do you explain this? Ambassador Adhanom: This is what we need to know; one that needs to be studied in depth. Those who know must speak up. First, what makes Peoples Front, Peoples Front, and its good and bad aspects is the party. It is the party that was in charge. For example, I was involved in the military operations and might have led into some victories but always under the specific orders of the leadership. Those that plan our strategies were the top leaders who founded the party. It was Isaias and associates. They were the ones who were leading. This compilation is divided into the following sections: 1.Articles and News 2.Opinions and Comments 3.Poems 4 Naizghi Kiflu Interview on Kidane Kiflu [find more information about Kidane Kiflu] 5.Read the latest articles ናይ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ናይ ዜና ማዕከናት፡ ከምኡ እውን ከም ደግፍቲ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ዝፍለጣ ወበሳይታት፡ ፓል-ቶካት፡ ብጉዳይ ነፍሰ-ሄር ናይዝጊ ዛጊት ሓበሬታ/ዜና ኣየቕረባን ተባሂለን ይሕመያ ኣለዋ [source meskerem.net 1.Articles and News Naizghi Kiflu To Be Buried In Asmara source http://awate.com/naizghi-kiflu-to-be-buried-in-asmara/ Posted on February 14, 2012 by Gedab News The body of Naizghi Kiflu, a one-time senior security official of Eritrea’s ruling party, PFDJ, and its precursor in the independence war, EPLF, will be flown to Eritrea this week for burial in Asmara. Naizghi Kiflu died in the United Kingdom earlier this month. The death of Naizghi Kiflu was not mentioned in any of the Eritrean government media almost ten days after his death in London where he had been receiving medical treatment for almost six-years. In 2005, Naizghi arrived to London with the understanding of becoming Eritrea’s ambassador to the UK. However, insiders believe that his credentials were rejected by the UK and he stayed there for sometime until he became sick and suffered from a host of ailments including kidney failure. Since then, he had been on dialysis and his health steadily deteriorated. When his family took him to Eritrea two years ago, he was often going through memory lapses and couldn’t remember people who were close to him. People who visited him believed he was suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. He told many of his visitors that, “everyone of my comrades visited me except the Pharaoh” referring to President Isaias Afwerki. When Isaias Afwerki heard of this, he ordered Naizghi’s family to take him back to England to die in peace instead of dying in jail. Naizghi was flown back to London and stayed there in critical condition until he died last week. Naizghi Kiflu is a veteran of the armed struggle and has served as security chief, ambassador to Russia, deputy Interior Minister and Minister of Information under the Isaias regime. In 2008, Eritrean human rights activist Elsa Chyrum, with the help of British NGO Redress, attempted to develop a case against him for committing “crimes against humanity” for his role as Deputy Revolutionary Guard (“Halewa Sewra”), deputy to the Interior Minister (Ministry of Local Government) in the early 1990s, as well as for his role as a Minister of Information in 2001 when he ordered the arrest and exile of Eritrea’s journalists and, eventually, the crackdown against non-sanctioned churches. British prosecutors interviewed several Eritrean victims in Europe but the case was never brought to trial. History will judge Naizghi but his right, as a right of any Eritrean, to be buried in Eritrea and the land of his/her ancestors is sacrosanct that should not be tampered with, not even by a head of a state [ http://www.meskerem.net/] ዋርድያ መቓብር ሓርበኛታት [Head of a state] ምኽልካል ሬሳ ላዕለዋይ ብዓል ስልጣን ህግደፍ ነበር ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ብኢሳያስ ኣፈውርቂ፡ ኣብ ውሽጥን ወጻእን ተላባዒ ሕሜታ ኣልዒሉ ሰብ ኣደንጽዩ ከምዘሎ ተፈሊጡ “ምውት ነይክሰስ…” March 4, 2012 Source assenna.com ሬሳ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ኤርትራ ከይዱ ከይቕበር ተኸልኪሉ ዝብል ወረ እንሆ ወርሑ ሒዙ። ካብ ሕድሪ ስውኣት ዝጠለመ ከሓዲ ሰናይ ምጽባይ ካብ ዝቐብጽ ዛጊት ልዕሊ ዓሰርተ ዓመታት’ካ ኣቑጺረ እንተኾንኩ ከምዚ ዝኣመሰለ ሕሱር ተግባር ዋላ ካብቲ ብቱኽ ተባሂሉ ዝፍንፈን ስሑው’ውን ኣይተጸበኹን። እቶም ኣብ ውሽጢ ኤርትራ ዘለዉ ሓለፍትስ ኣብ ከባቢ’ቲ ውልቀ መላኺ ስለዘለዉ ብፍርሒ ጃጅዮም እንድዮም ኣይታሓዞምን ኢዩ። ዝገርመና ዘሎ ናይቶም ኣብ ወጻኢ ኣምባሳደራት ኤርትራ ተመዚዞም ጣዕሚ ዲሞክራሲ ብዘይ ገደብ ዝጭልጡ ዘለዎ ከም በዓል ወዲ ገራህቱ ዝኣመሰሉ ፍሱሳት ሕሞት ኢዩ። ስለምንታይ ምስ ሬሳ ንባኣስ ዓገብ ዘይብልዎ ንመራሒኦም። መሓሪ ወዲ ገራህቱ (ንእሽቶ ሓዉ ወዲ ገራህቱ) ኣብ ኣስመራ ሓፋሽ ውድብ ኮይኑ እንዳነጠፈ ከሎ ብደርጊ ምስተታሕዘ ዝነበሮ ከኒና ውሒጡ ተሰዊኡ። ሽዑ ደርጊ ንሬሳ መሓሪ ሓመድ ኣዳም ክለብስ ኣይከልከለን። ወረግ ነቲ ነፈርቲ ኩናት ደርግ ብርእዮ ኣብ ኣስመራ ኤርፖርት ዘባርዔ መብራህቱ(እምባየ)ወዲ ረጋሒት ኣይ መንግስቱ ሃይለምርያም ባዕሉ እንድዩ ሬስኡ ክቕበር ዝፈቐደ። በዓል በላዕ ጥዑም ፈዳይ ሕሱም ወዲ ገራህቱ ግን ሬሳ ኤርትራዊ ንቡር ከይረክብ ይኽልክሉ ኣለዉ። ዲሞክራሲ እንተተቐብጸስ ሕልናውንዶ ክሳብ ክንድዚ ይዐርብ’ዩ። ውርዙይ ኣባሃህላኮ’ለና፣ “ምውት ነይክሰስ ሰማይ ነይሕረስ”። ናይዝጊ መን ነይሩ ኣይኮነን እቲ ጉዳይ፣ ኣብ ባህልና ሬሳ ኩቡር’ዩ እቲ ቑምነገር። ምስ ሬሳ ዝባኣስ ተስፋ ዝቆረጸ’ዩ። ደርጊውን’ኮ ኣብ ድሮ ውድቐቱ ሬሳታት ዘገልገልዎ ጀነራላት ጎቲቱን ኣቓጺሉን’ዩ። እንተ ምስዞም ሕድሪ ኣዘንጊዕም መንጢሎም ደም ዘጉስዑና ዘለዎ ከሓድቲ ስውኣት ግን ንጸባጸበሉ ግዝየ ርሑቕ ኣይኮነን። ሰላም ንህዝቢ ኤርትራ! ሰላም ስርዓት ህግደፍ ንሬሳ ናይቲ ብተኣማንነት ክሳብ ብደረጃ ሚኒስተርነት ዘገልገሎ ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ዛጊት ናብ ኤርትራ ምእታው ከልኪሉዎ ከምዘሎ ተፈሊጡ። Posted on February 17, 2012 by assenna መራሒ ስርዓት ህግደፍ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ፡ ንሬሳ ናይቲ ብትእዛዙን ኣብ ክንድኡን ሓያለ ንጹሃት ኤርትራውያን ከም ዘጋፍዐ ዝንገረሉ፡ ብተኣማንነት ክሳብ ብደረጃ ሚኒስተርነትን ኣብ ዝተፈላለያ ስርሓት ጸጥታን ዘገልገሎ፡ ቅድሚ ክልተ ሰሙን ኣብ ለንደን፡ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ዝዓረፈ ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ዛጊት ናብ ኤርትራ ምእታው ከልኪሉዎ ከምዘሎ ምንጭታት ሓቢሮም። በዚ ምኽንያት፡ እታ ቅድሚ ካብ ዝዓረፈሉ ሰዓት ኣትሒዛ ሬሳኡ ምሕላው ከፊኡዋ ዘሎ ብዓልቲ ቤቱን ስድራቤትን ኣብ ጭንቀትን ምርባጽን ወዲቖም ከምዘለዉ እቶም ምንጭታት ብተወሳኺ ኣገንዚቦም። ትጽቢትን ምርባጽን ስድራቤት ምስ በዝሐ፡ በቲ ኩነታት ዝተሻቐላ ኣዴታት፡ ንኣምባሳደር ውልቀምልካዊ ስርዓት ህግደፍ ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ‘ኳ በቲ ጉዳይ እንተሓተታኦ፡ መልእኽቲ ናብ ኤርትራ ከምዘመሓላለፈ ካብ ምንጋር ሓሊፉ፡ ኣውንታዊ መልሲ ከምዘይሃበን ‘ውን እቶም ምንጭታት የመልክቱ። እቲ ዝገርም፡ እቲ ዋላ ናይ ኣዝዮም ታሕተዎት ሓለፍቲ ሞት ዘውሪ፡ መራኸቢ ብዙሃን ስርዓት ህግደፍ፡ ኣብ ሞት ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ምስ በጽሐ ጥርቅም ኢሉ ኣጽቂጡ ምህላዉ እዩ። እዚ ድማ፡ ኮነ ኢልካ ንሞት ናይዝጊ ካብ ህዝቢ ሓቢእካን ኣረሳሲዕካን ንምሕላፍ ብኢሳይያስ ዝተገብረ ሜላ ምዃኑ እቶም ምንጭታት ይእምቱ። ኣብ ሃገርና ኤርትራ፡ ሕግን መርመራን ስለዘየልቦ፡ ናይዝጊ እዚን እትን ገበናት ገይሩ ኢልና ክትዝርዝሮ እቲ ኩነታት ዘየፍቅድ ‘ኳ እንተኾነ፡ ኩሉ እቲ ቅድሚ ናጽነትን ድሕሪ ናጽነትን ኣብ ልዕሊ ንጹሃት ኤርትራውያን ገይሩዎ ተባሂሉ ዝምረረሉ ዝሕመየሉን ግፍዕታትን ገበናትን ብትእዛዝ ኢሳይያስ ወይ ድማ ኢሳይያስ ከምዝሕጎሰሉ ተገንዚቡ ዝገበሮ ምዃኑ ፍሉጥ ክንሱ፡ ኣብ እዋን ሞቱ ኢሳይያስ ከርሕቖን ንሞቱ ኣረሳሲዑዋ ክሓልፍ ምፍታንኑን ፖለቲካዊ ፋይዳ ዘይብሉ ድኹም ‘ሽጣራ’ ከምዝኾነ ተዓዘብቲ የረድኡ። ከም ኢሳይያስ ዝኣመሰሉ ውልቀመለኽቲ፡ ካብ ስልጣኖም ዝቐረብ ዓርክን ዘመድን ከምዘይብሎም ብምምልካት ድማ፡ ንውልቀመለኽቲ እናገልገልካ ምማት፡ ኣብ ርእሲ’ቲ ጸረ-ፍትሓውነቱ: ‘ሞት ከልቢ’ ምዃኑ፡ እቶም ገና መጋበርያ ኢሳይያስ ኮይኖም ህዝቢ ጭፍጭፉን ሃገር ዘዕንዉን ዘለዉ ሓለፍቲ ህግደፍ፡ ካብዚ ናይ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ጭቡጥ ኣብነት ደጊሞም ክመሃሩ ከምዘለዎም ‘ውን ኣገንዚቦም። ስድራ-ቤት ነፍሰ-ሄር ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ መልሲ ካብ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ይጽበዩ ኣለዉ። መስከረም፡ ብጉዳይ ሓመድ-ድበ መዋቲ፡ ምስ ዝምልከቶም ሸነኻት ቀጻሊ ርክብ ብምግባር፡ ዛጊት ነዚ ዝስዕብ ከረጋግጽ ክኢሉ ኣሎ። ነፍሰ-ሄር ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ብዕለት 6 መጋቢት ከም ዝዓረፈን ክሳብ ሎም 02-21-2012 ከይተቐብረ፡ ኣብ መኽዘን መዋቶ ከም ዘሎ፡ መዋቲ፡ ኣብ ኤርትራ ቅበሩኒ ዝብል ናይ ሞት ለበዋ ከም ዝተላበወን ደቁን በዓልቲ ቤቱን፡ ንኸቢድ ለበዋ መዋቲ ንምፍጻም ኣብ ኤርትራ እንተዘይኰይኑ ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ፍጹም ኣይንቐብሮን ይብሉ ከም ዘለዉ ስነ-ስርዓት ፍትሓት መዋቲ፡ ሓሙስ 16 መጋቢት 2012 ኣብ ለነድን ከም ዝተፈጸመ፡ ንመንግስቲ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ዝምልከት ቀጥዕታት በሙሉኡ ብእዋኑ ከም ዝተማልኤ፡ ሬሳ፡ ኣብ ክንዲ ካብ ፍትሓት ናብ መዕርፎ ነፍርቲ ናብ መኽዘን ምዉታን ከም ዝተመልሰ ከም ልሙድ፡ ድሕሪ ፍትሓት ታሪኽ ህይወቱ ከም ዘይተነበበ። ንምንታይ ድሕሪ ፍትሓት፡ እሞ ካህን ታሪኽ ህውቱ ዝነግር እንተሃልዪ ንኽነግር ወይ ከንበብ ብተደጋጋሚ ሓቲተ ከበቅዕ፡ታሪኽ ህይወቱ ዘንብብ ከምዘይተረኽበ፡ ስድራ-ቤቱ፡ ንምንታይ ታሪኽ ህይወቱ ዘይተነበበ ንዝብል ሕቶ፡ ከም በዓል ስልጣን መንግሰትን ታሪኹ ብዝያዳ ዝፈልጡን መንግስቲ ወይ ኤምባሲ ኤርትራ፡ ታሪኹ ጽሒፎም ከቕርቡ ወይ ከንብቡ እዮም ዝበል ትጽቢት ስለ ዝነበረ ናብ ኤምባሲ ኤርትራ ኣብ ለንደን ብስልኪ ዝተገብረ ውከሳ፡ እቶም ስልኪ ዘልዓሉ ታሕተዎት ሰራሕተኛታታ፡ ገሊኦም እንፈልጦ የብልናን ገሊኦም ንስድራ ቤቱ ዘይትሓትዎም ከም ዝበሉ ሎሚ ዕለት 02-21-2012 ዝተገበረ ናይ ስልኪ ፈተነ፡ ስልኪ ዘልዕል ከም ዝተሳእነ፡ ኣብ መላእ ዓለም ዘሎ ህዝቢ፡ ብፍላይ ደገፍትን ሰዓብትን መንግስቲ ኤርትራ፡ ንምንታይ ሬሳ ዓዲ ንምውሳድ ዝተገበረ ናይ ስድራቤት ምልክታ ክሳብ ሎሚ መንግስቲ መልሲ ኣይሃበን ይበሉ ከም ዘለዉ ኣብ ብዙሓት ማሕበረ-ሰባት ( ኮማት) ብጉዳይ ቀብሪ መዋቲ ሓያል ክትዓት ይካየድ ከም ዘሎ፡ እቲ ቐነዲ በዚ ጉዳይ ተሓታቲ፡ ክቡር ኣምባሳደር ወዲ-ገራህቱ፡ ስልኩ ይምልስ ከም ዘየለ ኣብ ኤርትራ፡ ብፍላይ ኣብ ዝተወልደሉ ከባቢታት፡ ብጉዳይ ቀብሪ መዋቲ ብዘሕ ትሒም-ትሒም ከም ዘሎ፡ ፕረሲደንት ኢሰያስ፡ ብጉዳይ ንፍሰ-ሄር ናይዝጊ ተሓቢሩ ከም ዘሎ፡ መስከረም፡ ሓዲሽ፡ ጭቡጥ፡ ሓበሬታ ኣብ ዝተረኽበሉ ጊዜ ቀልጢፉ ንህዘቢ ክሕብር እዩ። ጉዳይ ነፍሰ-ሄር ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ መስከረም፡ ብጉዳይ'ቲ ብዕለት 6 የካቲት 2012 ዝዓርፈ ዛጊት ዘይተቐብረ፡ ነፍስ-ሄር ናይዝጊ ክፍሉን ናይ ቀብሩ ስነ-ስርዓትን ጭቡጥ ሓበሬታ ከቕርብ ካብ ኩሉ ኩርናዓት ዓለም፡ ጠለብን ሕቶታትን ይመጾ ከም ዘሎ እንዳሓበረ፡ ነዚ ናይ ገዛእ ርእሱ ተሃዋስነት እንዳፈጠረ ዝመጽእ ዘሎ ጉዳይ፡ ጭቡጥ ሓበሬታ ንምቕራብ፡ ምስ ብቕጥታ ዝምልከቶም ሸነኻት ውከሳ ጂመሩ ከም ዘሎን፡ ኣብ ዝሓጸረ ጊዜ ሙሉእን ጭቡጥን ሓበሬታ ከቕርብ ምዃኑ ብኽብሪ እንዳ ኣፍለጠ፡ ንመዋቲ መንግሰተ-ሰማይ የዋርሶ ንቤተ-ሰቡን ፈተውቱን ከኣ ጽንዓት የሃብኩም ይብል። Post feb 22, 2012 onኣለና ሞት ናይዝጊ፤ ሞት ክናና’ዩ! መስፍን፤ ይኣኽለካ ምስ ፎርዖን ምልፋን! – ፍሉይ ጽሑፍ – ካልኣይ ምዕራፍ መጽሓፍ ‘ትልሚ ንዘርኢ ክርዳድ’ ብዛዕባ ድርብ ኪዳን ናይዝጊ ክፍሉን ኢሳይያስን ኢዩ ኣስፊሩ ዘሎ፣ “ኣቦይን ኣደይን ነንበይኑ ጸሎቶም” ከም ዝበሃል ድግም። ኣብ ጉዳይ ገበነኛ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ጸሎትናን ጸሎት ኢሳይያስን ነንበይኑ ኢዩ ጸኒሑ፣ ሕማም ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ኣብ ንዝክረሉ ዝነበርና ግዜ። ‘ከቢድ ሕማም ካብ ሞት ነይሓልፍ’ ክንብል’ኳ እንተጸናሕና፤ ንሕና ንቁሩብ እዋን እስትንፋስ እንተዝልቅብ ክንብል እንከለና፤ መልሓስ ኢሳይያስ ግን ንሞት ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ትምህለል ነበረት፣ እቲ ኤርትራዊ “ከሚካል ዓሊ” ጉዳም ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ። ናይ ጽሕፍቶ ጉዳይ ኮይኑ ቤተ-መዘክር ታሪኽ ተሰክሙ ሞይቱ ኣሎ፣ ወዲ ሰብ ከም ጽላሎት ቀትሪ ሓላፊ ስለዝኾነ። ኣንታ ከበድቲ ምስጢራት እዚ ሓራዲን ክሒዳን ዝኾነ ኢሳይያስ ፎርዖን ተሰኪምካ ዘለኻ፤ ኣብ ዓራትካ ኮንካ ትንኖን ዝን ትብል ዘለኻን ኣቶ መስፍን ሓጎስ ሕጂ ብታሪኽ ዝውረቕ ተባዕ ስጉምቲ ውሰድ፣ ስለ እቶም ብቑንጣሮ ሓመድ ዝቐበርካዮም ጀጋኑ ብጾትካ ማዕጾ ምስጢራት ኢሳይያስ ንከይተገፍትን ድማ ደጋጊምና ሓደራ ንብል ኣሎና፣ ኣብ ምስላታት ዓረብ ‘ኣልጎሕ ኣሕሰን ሚን ኣል-ስኩውት’ ዝብል ወሓለ ዝኾነ ኣበሃህላ ኣሎ፣ እዚ ብትግርኛ ክትርጎም እንከሎ ‘ኡሑእ! ካብ ትም ምባል ትበልጽ’ ማለት ኢዩ፣ ስለዚ ኣብ ኩሉ ኩርነዓት ዓለም ዘለኹም ገዳይም ተጋደልቲ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ነበር። ኣበይ ከም ዘለኹምን ኣብ እዋን ብረታዊ ቃልሲን ብድሕሪ ናጽነትን እንታይ ተራ ከም ዝነበረኩምን ኣጸቢቕና ንፋለጥ ኢና’ሞ፤ ተሰኪምኩሞ ዘለኹም ምስጢራት ኢሳይያስ ከካብ ዝባንኩም እተውርድሉ ሰዓት ኣኺሉ ኣሎ፣ እቲ ንሰባት ከም ዲፖሳብል ስሪንጋ ተጠቒሙ ዝድርቢ ዕሉል ሰታይ ደም ኢሳይያስ። ንናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ካብ ዝድርብዮ ኣይወሓደን፣ ቅድሚ ደርዘን ዓመታት ኣቢሉ ኮኾብ ናይዝጊ ኣብ ዝወደቐሉ ግዜ ብዙሓት ተጋደልቲ ይዳፈሩዎ ነይሮም ኢዮም፣ እቶም ኣብ እንዳ መስተ ዝተጸርፉ ተጋደልቲ ጸጉ ፍሰሃየን ወልደጋብር ወዲ ሮማን ፈትዩ ክሳብ ዝጸልእ ምስ ቀጥቀጥዎ፤ ብብዙሓት ሰባት ክድፈር ተራእየ፣ ኣብ ኤክስፖ ምስ ሓልቕኡ ኢሳይያስ ብጉዳይ ትውልዲ ምጭርራቕ ኣብ ዝተጀመረሉ እዋን ድማ ክሳብ ሃለዋቱ ዘጥፍእ በቲ ቀንዲ ናይ ደም ወዲ ዕቁቡ ዝኾነ ኢሳይያስ ተቐጥቀጠ፣ ካብቲ ግዜ እቲ ኢዩ’ምበኣር ኣብ እንዳ መስተ ገለ ምስጢራት ከየምሉቕ ብምባል ክሳብ ዕለተ ሞቱ ናብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ይጽናሕ ዝብል ጥበብ ዝተማህዘ፣ ነዊሕ ኣብ ዘይኮነ ግዜ። ካልኣይ ምዕራፍ ሞት ክናና ኣብ ኢሳይያስ ክድገም ኢዩ፣ ወዲ ሰብ ታሪኹ’ምበር ሂወቱ ኣይትነብርን ኢያ፣ ከቢድ ምስጢራት ገበነኛ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ ተሰኪሙ ንዝሞተ ናይዝጊ ንመዋእል ብወለዶታት ኤርትራ ክርገም ክነብር ኢዩ፣ ናይ ዕድል ጉዳይ ኮይኑ ድማ እቶም ደቁን ደቂ ደቁን። ደቂ ከዳዕ፤ ደቂ እቲ ገበነኛ ምባል ጥራይ ከይኣኽሎም እነሆ ቅድሚ ሎሚ ተሰሚዑ ዘይፈልጥ ‘ደቂ እቲ ሬስኡ ናብ ኤርትራ ንከይኣቱ ዝተኸልከለ’ ክበሃሉ ክነብሩ ኢዮም፣ ደቂ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ኣቦኦም ዝገደፎ ሰነዳትን ለበዋን ናብ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ እንተኣረኪቦም ካብቲ ሕማቕ ስምን ውርሻን ክድሕኑ ኢዮም፣ እምበኣርከስ እታ ሞት ሓንቲ ክነሳ። ዓሰርተ ሞት ዝብልዎ ደጊም ከምዚ ኢዩ፣ “ኣድጊ ካብታ ሙማታ ምጉታታ’’ ምስ ሞት ገበነኛ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ዝምሰል ምስላ ኢዩ፣ ናይ ኢሳይያስ ሓሳዊን እሙን መሻርኽቲ ምስጢሩን ዝነበረ፤ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ከም ዝሞተ ሰሚዕና፣ እዚ ኢዩ’ምበኣር እቲ ልጉባት ማንታ ናይ ዝነበሩ ክናናን ምናናን ሞት ክናና ዝበሃል፣ እቲ ኣብ ሕብረተሰብና ከም ዓቢን ናይ መወዳእታን መርገም ዝቑጸር ዝነበረ ኣማውታ፤ “ሞት ክናና” እነሆ ቀዳማይ ምዕራፉ ኣብ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ተራእዩ ኣሎ፣ ኣብ ዘመነ-ኢሳይያስ ናብ ዓላ ካብ ዝኣተወላ መዓልቲ ክሳብ’ዚ ምኽልካል ሬሳ ናይዝጊ ዘይተነግረ’ምበር ዘይተገብረስ የለን፣ ካብ ዝስለፍ ናብ ቅድመ-ግንባራት ከቲቱ እንኮ ጥይት ዘይተኮሰ እሙን ኢሳይያስ ዝነበረ ገበነኛ ናይዝጊ፦ ከምቲ ንዝኣመነ ብሴፍ ንዝኸሓደ’ውን ብሴፍ ዝበሃል፤ ሬስኡ ኣብ ሓመድ ኤርትራ ወይ ኣብ ቀላይ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ እመት መሬት ንከይትረክብ ተኸልኪሉ፣ ናይ ሓዘን ቴንዳ ከይትከል፦ ብዛዕባ ሞት ናይዝጊ ብዜና ከይንገር፦ ኣብ ዓዱ’ውን ጸሎተ-ፍትሓት ከይግበር፦ ዝብል ጥብቂ ትእዛዝ ኢሳይያስ ሰሚዕና፣ እታ ንቀዳሞት ገዛእቲ ቱርካውያን። ኢጣልያውያን። እንግሊዛውያንን ኢትዮጵያውያንን ሓመዳ ዘይበቐቐት ሃገርና ኤርትራ ንመስተንክር ክኸውን ኢሉዎ ንሬሳ ገበነኛ ናይዝጊ ፎእ ኢላ ነጺጋቶ፣ እሙን ዓቀይታይ ኢሳይያስ ዝነበረ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፤ ኣብ ደጀን ሰውራ ንዝነበረ መዓልታዊ ናይ ምሁራትን ኣገደስቲ ውልቀ-ሰባትን ጸብጻብ ናብ ኢሳይያስ የቕርብ ነበረ፣ ኣብቲ ብ1973 ዓ.ም. ዝነበረ ናይ ምእራም ተቓውሞ ምሁራት “መንካዕ” ዝብል ስም ዘጠመቖ ድማ ንሱ’ዩ ዝነበረ፣ ሌላ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉን ኢሳይያስን ቅድሚ ኣርበዓ ዓመታት። ካብ 1970 ኢዩ ጀሚሩ፣ ኣብቲ ብወርሒ ለካቲት 1972 ዓ.ም. ኣብ በይሩት ኣብ መንጎ ልኡኽ ወጻኢ ጉዳይ ነበርን ሓይልታት ሜዳን ዝተገብረ ኣኼባ። ናይዝጊ ክፍሉን መስፍን ሓጎስን ምስ ኢሳይያስ ተኻፊሎም ነበሩ፣ ናይዝጊ ካብ ሩስያ ንሜዳ ኣትዩ ብ1973 ዓ.ም. ቅድሚ ምስላፉ ኣብ ኣሜሪካ መስራቲ ኤ.ና.ሰ.ኤ. (ኤርትራውያን ንናጽነት ኣብ ሰሜን ኣሜሪካ) ነበረ፣ ናይዝጊ ቅድሚ ምስላፉ ብከመይ ምኽንያት ምስ ኢሳይያስ ከም ዝተፋለጠ ሎሚ እቲ ቅንጣብ ምስጢር ኢሳይያስ ንከየሙሉቕ ብማዕተቡ ዝመሓለ ኣቶ መስፍን ሓጎስ ጥራይ ኢዩ ዝፈልጥ፣ ‘ንግሆ ዘይትንስእ’ሲ እግሩ ናብ ደገ ይሓድር’ ከም ዝበልዎ ወለዲ፤ ደጊም ኤርትራ ናይ ደቃ ንብረት ንክትከውን ኣብ ቅርዓታ መራግእቲ ይግበረላ ኣሎ’ሞ ንሓዋሩ እግርኻ ኣብ ደገ ከይከውንሲ ሎሚ ብተኽ፣ ታሪኽ ኩዒትካን ንሓመድ ነፊኻን ዘይርከብ ናይ ወለዶታት ቅርሲ ኢዩ፣ ኣቶ መስፍን ኩላትና ነበርቲ ኣይኮናን! ኤርትራን ሰንሰለታዊ ወለዶ ህዝባን ግን ክነብሩ ኢዮም’ሞ ሎሚ’ውን እቲ ካብ ወርቂን ኣልማዝን ዝኸብር ተሰኪምካዮ ዘለኻ ምስጢራት ገበነኛ ኢሳይያስ (ጉዳይ ኣሰላልፋኡ። ምፍላይ ካብ ጀብሃ ኢሳይያስ። ጉዳይ ዓላን ኣብርሃም ተወልደን። ጉዳይ ቃኘው። ጉዳያት መንካዕን ኢብራሂም ዓፋን። ጉዳይ ኣመጻጽኣ ጉጅለ ህግደፍን ኲናት ባድመን። ምስጢራት ጉጅለ 15ን። ወ.ዘ.ተ…) ነቲ ብደም ዝዘቕበበ ጸሊም መጋረጃ ኢሳይያስ ቀዲድካ ንደቂ ሃገርካ ንከተርክብ ብታሪኽ ትሕተት ኣሎኻ፣ ሞት ናይዝጊ። ቀዳማይ ሞት ክናና ጋህዲ ኣብ ዝኾነሉ ግዜ። ሞት ኢሳይያስ። ካልኣይ ሞት ክናና ንክንሰምዕ ድማ ምድረ-ሰማይ ይሃምም ኣሎ፣ ገበነኛ ኢሳይያስ ብደቂ ህዝቢ ክርሸን ኢዩ! ደሙ ከኣ ዘይከም ደም ጀጋኑ ናቕፋ፤ ኣብ ፋኛቱራታት ማይ በላ ጃሕ-ጃሕ ክብል ኢዩ፣ ወይ ጉድ! ናይ ናይዝጊ ገደደ። ሓመድ ኣዳም ፈንፊንዎ፣ ኣብ ዘመነ-ገድሊ በታ ዕረ ዝኾነት መልሓስ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ዘይተጸርፈ ተጋዳላይ ኣይነበረን፣ እቲ ብከተማ ዓደን ኣቢሉ ንሜዳ ዝተሰለፈ ናይዝጊ ኣብ ጉዕዞ ባሕሪ ኣብ ዝነበረሉ ግዜ’ውን ነቶም መማጽእቱ ጸሪፍዎም ከም ዝነበረን፤ ክሃርምዎ ኣብ ዝተሃንደዱሉ ግዜ’ውን ብዕረቆ-ዕረቆ ተገላጊሎም ከም ዝነበሩ መሳልፍቱ ይገልጹ ኢዮም፣ ተጋዳላይ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ኣብ ሜዳ ብጸርፊን ታህዲድን ዝልለ ሰብ ነበረ፣ ኣብ ሜዳ ብጉዳይ “መንካዕ’ ብድሕሪ ናጽነት’ውን ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ ውሽጣዊ ጉዳያት ኣብ ትሕቲ ዓሊ ሰይድ ዓብደላ ኮይኑ ይሰርሓሉ ኣብ ዝነበረ ግዜ። ብሂወት ብዙሓት ኤርትራውያን ተሓታቲ ኢዩ ዝነበረ፣ ኢሳይያስ ከም ሚኒስተር ዜና። ቀጺሉ’ውን ንቁሩብ ኣዋርሕ ኣብ ጉዳያት ዞባዊ ምምሕዳር ከም ተሓጋጋዚ ቤት ጽሕፈቱ ገይሩ ሸይሙዎ ነበረ፣ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ሚኒስተር ዜና ኮይኑ ኣብ ዝተመዘዘሉ ግዜ ከኣ ንሓለፍቲ እቲ ሚኒስትሪ ፍሉይ ኣኼባ ገይሩሎም ነበረ፣ ሽዑ ከምዚ ሎሚ ከይኮነ ሓምለ-ሰነ ብዛዕባ ጉዳይ ናይ ስራሕ ምስጢራት ጸቒጡ ተዛረቦም፦ “ምስጢር ክትዕቅቡ ኣለኩም። ንዓና ንህዝባዊ ግንባር ካብ ቀደም ክሳብ ሎሚ ዘዐወተና ምዕቃብ ምስጢርና ኢዩ፣ ኣነን ኢሳይያስን እንፈልጦ ናይ ሳሕል ምስጢራት ንህዝቢ ኤርትራ እንተዝንገሮ፤ ዎላሂ ብሙሉኡ እዚ ህዝቢ ምተጸለለ ነይሩ’’ ኢሉ ከይተፈለጦ ሓቂ ተዛረበ፣ ልክዕ ኢዩ ከኣ። እቶም ነቲ ናይ ጀጋኑ ሃገራውያንን ምሁራትን ምቕንጻል ዘጸልል ምስጢራት ዝፈልጡ ብሂወት ተሪፎም ዝነበሩ ውሑዳት ሰባት ጥራይ ኢዮም፣ ነቲ ኣብ ክፍሊ ዜና እንከሎ ዚዛረቦ ዝነበረ ፍኑው ምስጢራት ከኣ ዓሊ ዓብዱ ተተሰኪሙ ናብ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ የብጽሖ ነበረ፣ ብዛዕባ ናይዝጊ ዚዛረቦ ዝነበረ ኢሳይያስ መአረምታ ኣብ ዝሃቦ ግዜ ከኣ። እቲ ዝሓሰወሉ ዓሊ ዓብዱ ምዃኑ ፈለጠ፣ ዓርኪ ሰባር ነቓዕ ሚኒስተር ነበር ናይዝጊ ከምዚ ሎሚ ሞት ክናና ከይሞተ እንከሎ፦ ‘’ካብዛ ሎሚ መዓልቲ ንደሓር ብሓላፍነተይ ካብ ምዱብ ስራሕካ ኣደስኪለካ ኣለኹ፣ ኣጸቢቕካ ፍለጠኒ! ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ’የ፣ እወ ኣነ ናይዝጊ እየ። ንሰብኡት ብኾፎም ዘሽይን ሰብኣይ ምዃነይ ኣጸቢቕካ ሕተት፣ ሕጂ ናብ ኣያኻ ኬድካ ጥራዕ’’ በሎ ናይዝጊ ንዓሊ ዓብዱ ኣብ ቅድሚ መሳርሕቱ፣ እቲ ኢሳይያስ ከም ፍቱው ኩርኩር ኣብ ስንጭሮ ዓንበርቦብ ጸባን ቢስኩትን እናመገበን ብናቱ ሰረተ-እምነት ዝመልመሎን ዘዕበዮን፤ ናብ ዝባን ጎቦ ኣንጆታይ ኣደይቡ ንጎላጉል ማህሚመት። ኣስራይ። ኣውገትን እምባ ንያላን ብክሻፋ ዘርእዮ ዝነበረን ዓሊ ዓብዱ’ውን ኣይሓመቐን፤ ኣብቲ ሚኒስትሪ ብናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ዝግበሩ ዝነበሩ ድኽመታትን ዘምልቖም ንዝነበረ ምስጢራትን ናብ ሓለቕኡ እናተዘባዘበ ምብጽጻሕ ቀጸለ፣ ኣብ መወዳእታ ህያቡ ድማ ግዝያዊ ሚኒስተር። ጸኒሑ’ውን ቀዋሚ ሚኒስተር ዜና ንክኸውን ምስ በቕዐ፤ እቲ ምስጢራት ኢሳይያስ ንከየምሉቕ ዝፍራሕ ዝነበረ ገበነኛ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ድማ ከም ሓላው ስጡሕ ናብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ተደርበየ፣ ንውልቀ-መለኽቲ ዘገልገለ እዚ ኢዩ ፍዳኡ፣ ሬሳ ናይዝጊ ሓመድ ኤርትራ ካብ ተነፍጎ። ንሬሳ ኢሳይያስ’ከ እንታይ ኢዩ ክፈርድ ሓመድ ኤርትራ? ኣንቱም ገና ነቲ ገበነኛ ሰብ። ዘርኢ ኤርትራውያን ንምጥፋእ ግናይ ትልሚ ክርዳድ ዝተለመ ኢሳይያስ ተገልግሉ ዘለኹም ጀነራላት። ሚኒስተራት። ኣማሓደርቲ ዞባታት። ሰበ-ስልጣናትን ኣባላት ህግደፍን ይኣኽለኩም ምንብርካኽ፣ ኣንቱም ብወዲ ኣውራጃና። “ሓማሴናይ ኢዩ”…ብወዲ ሃይማኖትና “ክስታናይ ኢዩ”…ተጋዲሉ ዘጋደለ “ጅግና! ኣንበሳ ናቕፋ ኢዩ” እናበልኩም ኣብ በረድ ረጊጽኩም ዘለኹም ደቂ ኤርትራ፤ ካብዚ ዝዓቢ ኣስኳላ የለን’ሞ ዕድል ከይሓልፈኩም ሎሚ ታሪኻዊ ስጉምቲ ንክትወስዱ ህዝባዊ ነጋሪት የቃልሕ ኣሎ፣ ኢሳይያስ ስነ-ምግባርን ሰብኣዊ ሕልናን እንተዝህልዎ ንሬሳ እሙን ኣገልጋሊኡ ዝነበረ ናብ ዓዲ ምእታው ኣይምኸልከለን፣ ኢሳይያስ መትከላዊ ዓርኪ። ሃይማኖት። ኣውራጃን መንነትን ዘይብሉ ብሕጊ ጫካ ዝምራሕ መንደላይ ተመን ኢዩ፣ ካብ ዝስለፍ ክሳብ ግዜ ናጽነት ኣብ ውግእ ሓድ-ሕድ ይኹን ምስ መግዛእቲ ኢትዮጵያ ኣብ ዝግበሩ ዝነበሩ ውግኣት ክንደይ መዓልታት ከም ዝተዋግአ ጽባሕ ቢጊሓት ታሪኽ ክነግረና ኢዩ፣ ኢሳይያስ ካብ ዝስለፍ ኣትሒዙ ብዘይካ ንጽላሎቱ ንማንም ሰብ ዘይኣምን ከዳዕ ፍጥረት ኢዩ፣ ገበነኛ ኢሳይያስ ካብ ኣስመራ ተበጊሱ ናብ ኣውራጃታትን ሳዋን ምብጻሕ ኣብ ዝገብረሉ ግዜ። መራኸቢ ተለፎናት /ሞባይላት/ ናይቶም ኣብ ሓሙሽተ ላንድ ክሩዘራት ዝተሳፈሩ ኣሰነይቱ ምስኡ ኢየን ዝተሓዛ፣ ንሱ ክልተ ዓይነት መራኸቢ ተለፎናት /ኢንተርናሽናልን ናይ ውሽጢ ሃገርን/ ሒዙ እናተራኸበ ክኸይድ እንከሎ ኩላቶም ካልኦት ሰበስልጣናት ግን ምስ ስድራ ቤቶም’ውን ንክራኸቡ መሰል የብሎምን፣ ሰባት ከመይ ገይሮ ንከምዚ ዝኣመሰለ ኣሽካዕላልን ውጹእ ምልኪን ከም ዝጻወሩዎ ድማ ንመስደምም ኢዩ፣ እምበኣር ይኣክል በል ኣንታ ተንበርካኺ፤ ኣብ መስርዕ ህግደፍ ዘለኻ ወዲ ኤርትራ። ‘ብድሕሪ ሞት ጥዕና ቅበጽ’ ከም ዝበሃል፤ ብድሕሪ ሞት ናይዝጊ ደጊም ቅበጽ! መስፍን ድማ ምስ ፎርዖን ምልፋን ያዕ ኢልካ ዕዳኻ ክፈል፣ ሕሰብ…ሕሰብ ትብል ኣላ ዓደቦኻ፣ ንእስነትን ተስፋ ምሃብን ዓቢ ዕዳ ኢዩ’ሞ እቲ ብንእስነትካ ኣብ ጎላጉል ሰምሃር: ኣብ ዊናን ድግሰናን። ኣብ ግራት ወዲ-ኣድክመን ርእሲ ዓዲን ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ ጠረዚት ሳሕልን ሩባታት ሕዳይን ንህዝብኻ ስለ ናጽነትን ሓርነትን ዘተስፈኻዮ ባህጊ ሕጂ ክፈሎ ካልኣይ ምዕራፍ ሞት ክናና ኣብ ኢሳይያስ ክድገም ኢዩ \u0001\u0002\u0003 \u0004\u0005\u0006\u0007 \b \u0004 \u000e\u000f \u0007\u0010 \u0001\u0002\u0003 \u0004\u0005\u0006\u0007 \b \u0004 \u000e\u000f \u0007\u0010\u0011“ \u0012\u0013\u0014 \u0015\u0016\u0011 \u0017\u0018\u0019\u001a\u0011 \u001b\u0018\u001c \u0017\u0018\u0019\u001a \u001d\u0001\u001e DEHAI] RIP Tegadalay Naizghi Kiflu Sat, 18 Feb 2012 08:21:52 -0600 RIP Naizghi Kiflu! It would not be an exaggeration to say that I find no words to express adequately the sense of personal loss I feel at the passing of our dearly beloved and highly esteemed Tegadalay Naizghi Kiflu. All hearts are filled with unspeakable grief at the loss of such a precious Tegadalay. This honorable Tegadalay has dedicated himself to the service of the peoples Eritrea from his teen years until the end of his life with steadfastness and uncompromising self-sacrifice. Without hesitation, he always was ready to offer up his life for his country and his people. All his actions were performed for the love of Eritrea detached from all personal interests. When he traveled to England for his medical treatment, his enemies maliciously accused him with false and malicious crimes. But, when whey they were asked to bring their accusations to the court, they refused. Thus these coward liars were exposed. For anyone who flies away from his or her accusation becomes coward. Anyone that fears the Western courts and does not stand his or her ground against his or her accusations becomes a coward. Thus the peoples of Eritrea have seen the difference between the heroism of courageous Naizghi Kflu and cowardice of his defamers. Instead of saying “Thank you!” for giving his life to save Eritrea from one of the most ruthless and the most brutal army that Africa has ever seen, some cowards decided to accuse him of false and malicious crimes. Such was his selfless dedication that even when he was severely ill from different maladies, he did not even take one single penny from the public fund for his own medical treatment. In the end, his body was flown back to Eritrea. Where is the place in the world whose highest ranking public Ministers are free from corruption, except in Eritrea? Where is the place in the world whose highest ranking highest ranking leaders are not afraid to die to protect their own people, except in Eritrea? Where is the place in the world whose highest ranking leaders wear less expensive clothes than their own people, except in Eritrea? Where is the place in the world whose leaders walk in the streets of their capital city without bodyguards or bullet proof vests, except in Eritrea? Where is the place in the world whose highest ranking leaders walk in the streets of New York in broad day light and even the in the darkness of the night, except Eritrean leaders? My heartfelt condolence and profound sympathy goes to his bereaved families, relatives and friends on this heavy loss of dearly beloved Tegadalay. He was not only a big loss to his family, he also was a big loss to his country. We can only wish and hope others will now arise, and through their selfless services seek to fill the gap which such a valuable Tegadalay has left in the forefront of the country. May God deal mercifully with his soul, and enable him attain to highest spiritual destiny, and may He also protect his bereaved family, and give enduring consolation to their grief loaded hearts. With Loving prayers. Your true brother, Barnabas A. Yohannes. http://www.dehai.org/archives/dehai_archive/0037.html \"ብዛዕባ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ እንፈለጦ ጉዳይ የለን።\"ሓለፊ ቆንስላዊ ገዳያት መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ። 02-23-2012፡፡ ሬሳ ነፍስ-ሄር ናይዝጊ፡ ናብ ኤርትራ ናይ መስዳድ ዘሎ መደብ፡ ብቐጥታ ካብ ዝምልከቶም መልሲ ንምርካብ፡ ወኪል መስከረም፡ ትማሊ 02-22-2012 ከባቢ ሰዓት 8፡10 ቅ.ቀ. ብናይ ዲሲ ኣቆጻጽራ፡ ናብ ኤምባሲ ኤርትራ ናብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ብምድዋል ወኸሳ ገይሩ ነይሩ። ስልኪ ዝተቐበለት ጸሐፊት፡ ብዛዕበ መዋቲ ሕቶ ከም ዘለዎ ምሰ ሓበራ፡ ብዛዕባ'ዚ ዝመልከቶ ቆንስላዊ ጉዳያት እየ ስለ ዝበለት፡ ናብ ቆንስላዊ ጉዳያት ናብ ኣቶ ሚካኤል ኣመሓላለፍቶ።ምስ ሐሊፊ ቆንሳለዊ ጉዳያት ዝተባህሎ፡ ምስ ኣቶ ሚኪኤል እውን ብስልኪ ተራኸበ። ድሕሪ ሰላምታ ምቅይያር፡ ብዛዕባ መዋቲ ናብ ኤርትራ ዝኸደሉ መደብ ሓተተ፡፡ ኣቶ ሚካኤል ቁን-ቁል ኣፋ \" ንሕና እንፈልጦ ነገር የብልናን\" በለ፡፡ንስዳራ-ቤቱ ዘይትሓትት ዝብል ንሁር መልሲ የስምዕ። ስድራ-ቤት መዋቲ፡ ካብ መንግስቲ መልሲ ኣይረኸብናን ወይ እውን ዓዲ ንኽንቀበሮ ሓቲትናስ መልሲ ዛጊት ኣይተዋህበናን ይብሉ ከም ዘለዉ ሓበረታ ከም ዘሎ፡ ንኣቶ ሚካኤል የካፍሎ። እሞ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ፡ ኣብ ኤርትራ ስለ ዘሎ፡ መልሲ ካብኡ ዘይተረክብ ይብሎ።በል፡ ናብ ወኪል መንግስቲ ኤርትራ፡ ናብ ክቡር ኣምባሳደር ኣመሓላልፈኒ ይብሎ። እዚ ጉዳይ ንዕዑ ዝምለከት ኣይኰነን ኢሉ ይምልስ። ኣስዒቡ፡ \"ኣነ እኮ ንናይ እዝጊ ክፍሉ የኽበሮን የድንቖን እየ ...፡ስራሕ ስለ ዘለኒ ግን ኣብዚ ዘረባና ክንዓጹ ኢና\" በለ። ዕጉስን ጽን ኢሉ ዝሰምዕን ኣቶ ሚካኤል፡ ብኣገባብ ናይ ስልኪ ልዝብ ይድምደም። ቅደሚ ስልኪ ምዕጻዉ ግን፡ \"ናብዚ ናብ ቤት ጽሕፈት ዘይተመጽእ\" ይብል፡፡ ወኪል መስከረም፡ ካብ ኣሜሪካ ይድውል ከም ዘሎ ብምሕባር የቐንየለይ ኢሉ ወኸሳኡ ወዲኡ ስልኪ ይዓጹ።ብኡ-ንብኡ ደጊሙ ናብ ኤምባሲ ብምድዋል፡ ምስ ክቡር ኣምባሳደር ክዛረብ ይሐትት፡ ኣብ ቤት ጽሐፍቱ ከመዘየለ ይሕበር። ከመይ ዝበለ ክብደት ዘለዎ ጉዳይ ስለ ዝኾነ እዩ? ካብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝን ካብ ውሽጢ ሃገርን ዝነፍስ ዘሎ ርጥብ ዝበለ ወረ፡ ጉዳይ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ናብ ፕረሲደነት ኢሰያስ ከም ዝተሰጋገረን፡ ዋላ'ውን ንገዛእ ርእሱ ኤምባሲ ኤርትራ ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ፡ ውሳኔ ናይ ፕረሲደንት ኢሰያስ ይጽበ ከም ዘሎ ይሕበር። ካሳብ ውሳኔ ፕረሲደንት ሃገር ኤርትራ ዘድልዮ ድኣ፡ ከመይ ዝበለ ክብደት ዘለዎ ጉዳይ ስለ ዝኾነ እዩ ዝብሉ ናብ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ቅርበት ዘለዎም ዜጋታት ትሒም-ትሒም ይብሉ ከም ዘለዉ ይፍለጥ። ልዕለዋይ ብዓል ስልጣን ስርዓት ህግደፍ ኮይኑ ንነዊሕ ዓመታት ዘገልገለ ከምኡ ‘ውን ናይ ቀረባ ዓርኪ መላኺ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ ዝነበረ፡ ብ6 ለካቲት ኣብ ለንደን ዝዓረፈ ነፍሲሄር ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ክሳብ እዚ ስዓት’ዚ፡ ሬስኡ ናብ ኤርትራ ከይኣቱ ብምኽልካሉ ኣብ ቤተሰቡ ዝፈጠሮ ጭንቀትን ዓቕሊ ጽበትን ኣብ ጥርዚ በጺሑ፡ ቍንቍኛኡ ንደገፍትን ተደናገጽትን ናይቲ ስርዓት ከይተረፈ ደንጽዩዎም ምህላዉ ምህላዉ ምንጭታት ሓቢሮም። ጸሎተ ፍትሓት ምስ ተገብረሉ ብቐጥታ ናብ ኤርትራ ክኸይድ ዝነበረ መደብ ተሰሪዙ፡ ኣብ ለንደን ኣብ ዝርከብ መጽንሒ ሬሳ ምምላሱ ዘጕሃዮም ስድራቤትን ፈተውቱን፡ ንልኡኽ ስርዓት ህግደፍ ተስፋሚካኤል ገራህቱ ደጋጊሞም ሓቲቶም ብዘይካ ‘ኣይፈለጥኩን’ ዝብል ናይ ብሃማት ምላሽ ርጡብ ምኽንያት ስለዝሰኣኑሉ፡ ብቐጥታ ንሰበስልጣን ህግደፍ ንምሕታት ጓሉ ናብ ኤርትራ ከይዳ ‘ኳ እንተቐነየት ዛጊት ኣውንታዊ ምላሽ ኣይተረኽበን። ብመሰረት’ቲ ሓበሬታ፡ ስድራቤት ዋላ ቀብርኹም ይትረፈና፡ ኣብቲ መዳሕንቱ ዝተቐብረሉ ዓዱ ሓመድ ኣዳም ከነልብሶ ኢሎም ዘቕርቡዎ ዘለዉ መሪር ምሕጽንታ ‘ውን ሰማዒ ስኢኑ ‘ሎ ። እዚ ብትእዛዝ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ ተፈጺሙ ዘሎ እገዳ ሬሳ ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ካብ ቤተሰቡ ሓሊፉ ንብዙሓት ኣብ ወጻኢ ዝርከቡ ደገፍትን ተደናገጽትን ስርዓት ህግደፍ ኣጸይኑዎም ኣብ ርእሲ ምህላዉ፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ ኤርትራ’ውን እቲ ኩነታት ተላባዒ ትሒምሒምታ ኣስዒቡ ከምዘሎ ምንጭታት ካብ ኤርትራ ኣገንዚቦም Source assenna። Eritrea Hagerey NIAZGHI KIFLU DIED ON THE 6th February 2012. Mr Naizghi Kiflu was one the high ranking officials of the PFDJ regime; a close friend and right hand man of Isaias Afewerki. He passed away in London, due to chronic illness.The death of Naizghi... Kiflu was not mentioned in any of the Eritrean government media almost ten days after his death. Tegadalay Naizghi Kiflu fought for 30 years and liberated Eritrea along with thousands of Eritreans. He has served as security chief, ambassador to Russia, deputy Interior Minister,Minister of Information till 2003 under the Isaias regime. On the day of his death government officials Mr. Yemane Ghebreab, Tesfamicael Gerahtu, and Mr. Osman Saleh, Minister of Foreign Affairs, had come to pay their 'respects' and informed the family that his body will be taken to Eritrea to receive a martyrs burial ceremony.....it has now been nearly 2 weeks and.......THEY HAVE REFUSED TO ALLOW THE BODY TO BE TAKEN TO ERITREA, WHERE SEVERAL MEMBERS OF HIS FAMILY AWAIT FOR HIS BURIAL! Naizghi Kiflu joined the revolution in 1970, and even played a bigger part of the revolution than Isaias himself! Throughout the war and years after, Naizghi was the hands to Isaias's arm until his health deteriorated and was no longer able to serve. HE WAS NEVER PART OF ANY OPPOSITION, IN FACT HE WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE IMPRISONMENT OF THE G15 AND ASMARA FREE PRESS JOURNALISTS WHO WERE NOT SUPPORTERS OF THE POLICIES PFDJ REGIME ALTERED TO SUIT THEIR NEEDS! The UK and Northern Ireland ambassador, Tesfamicael Gerahtu, vowed that the Eritrean government will do everything to give Naizghi Kiflu one of the grandest martyrs burial ceremony, on the land he dedicated every second of his life to protect. 10 DAYS LATER ISAIAS AFWORKI REFUSED TO DO SO! WHEN NAIZGHI WAS ALIVE, NOT A SINGLE MEMBER OF THE PFDJ EXPRESSED ANY SORT OF DISLIKE, OR HATRED TOWARDS HIM, WHEN HE WENT TO VISIT ERITREA HE CAME AND WENT AS HE PLEASED......BUT NOW HE IS DEAD, ISAIAS DENIES HIS CORPSE TO BE BURIED!!??!! HOW CAN YOU BE SO EVIL TO A DEAD MAN LET ALONE TO ONE OF YOUR CLOSEST ALLIES?? I WOULD NOT WISH THIS ON MY ENEMIES, I WOULD NOT WISH THIS ON SATAN HIMSELF! NAIZGHI KIFLU 1946-2012 HUSBAND FATHER TEGADELIE R.I.PSee More Source http://www.facebook.com/pages/Sophia-Tesfamariam/311514306495 ሬሳ ኣቦኣ ኣብ ኤርትራ ክቕበር ንመራሕቲ ስርዓት ህግደፍ ክትልምን ናብ ኣስመራ ዝኸደት ጓል ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ናብ ገዝኣ ከይትኣቱ ብወተሃደራት ህግደፍ ተኸልኪላ ከምዝነበረት ተፈሊጡ። Posted on February 25, 2012 by assenna ሬሳ ኣቦኣ ኣብ ኤርትራ ክቕበር ንመራሕቲ ስርዓት ህግደፍ ክትልምን ካብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ናብ ኣስመራ ዝኸደት ጓል ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ኣብ ኣስመራ ንዝርከብ መንበሪ ገዝኡ ክሕልዉ ብኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ ዝተኣዘዙ ወተሃራት ስርዓት ህግደፍ ናብቲ ገዛ ምእታው ከምዝኸልኡዋ፡ ኣብ መወዳእታ ግን መራሒ ስርዓት ግህደፍ ተሓቲቱ ሓንቲ ክፍሊ ጥራይ ክኸፍቱላ ብዝሃቦ መምርሒ መሰረት ከፊላዊ ፍቓድ ከምዝተዋህባ ድሒሩ ካብ ኣስመራ ዝበጽሓና ሓበሬታ ኣረዲኡ። ይኹንምበር እታ ኣቦኣ ኣብ ዓዲ ክቕበር ዝገደፎ ለበዋ ከተኽብር ናብ ኣስመራ ከይዳ ዘላ ሓዘንተኛ ጓሉ ክሳብ ሕጂ ኣውንታዊ ምላሽ ኣይረኸበትን። ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ፡ ኣብ እገዳ ሬሳ ናይዝጊ ስለዝደረቐ፡ ስነስርዓት ቀብሩ ንልዕሊ 3 ሰሙን ተዳናጕዩ ቤተሰቡ ሰንፈላል ኮይኖም ኣለዉ። ኢሳይያስ ንሬሳ ናይ ቀረባ ዓርኩን ብደረጃ ሚኒስተርነት ካልኦት ክብ ዝበሉ መዝነታትን ንነዊሕ ዓመታት ዘገልገሎ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ብኸምዚ ዝኣመሰለ ዘጸይን ውርደተኛ ኣገባብ ምሓዙ፡ ‘ ምስ ምዉታን ዝከራኸር ስርዓት ደኣ ንርእሱ ህይወት የብሉን’ እናተባህለ ብብዙሓት ኣብ ወጻኢ ዝርከቡ ደገፍቲ ናይቲ ስርዓት ከይተረፈ ተኻዒቡ ከምዘሎ ተፈሊጡ ‘ ሎ ናብ ገዛ ነፍሰ ሄር ናይዝጊ ብምኻድ ዝበጽሑን፥ መንግስቲ ናይ ቀብሩ ሓላፍነት ከም ዝስከም ዝሐበሩን ሰበ-ስልጣን ኤርትራ ካብ ሃገር እንግሊዝ ዝተላእከልና ብሩጡብነቱ እንተኣማመነሉ ሓጺር ሪፖርት ሎንዶን ዓዲ-እንግሊ 26/2/12 ክሳብ ሎሚ ዘይመጽሓፍየይ ገለ’ዶ ኾን ለውጢ ይረከብ ይኽውን ብማለት ኢዩ ነይሩ። ዋላ ሓንቲ ለውጢ ገና የልቦን። ክትሓትት ተባሂሉ ዝተላአከት ጓል መዋቲ ጌና አይተመልሰትን። ክሳብ ሎሚ ከኣ አበይን መአስን ከም ዝቕበር አይተፈልጠን። መጀመርታ ወይ ምስ ዓረፈ፡ አምበሳደር ተ. ገራህቱ ምስ ብጾቱ ብወግዒ ከም ዘበጽሐን፤ መብልዕ ቁርሲ ምስ ረአየ ድማ “ሓላፍነት መንግስቲ ስለ ዝኾነ አልዕሉዎ ደአ” ከም ዝበልን ላዕለዎት ሓለፍቱ (ማንኪን ናይ ወጻኢ ሚኒስተርን አሰኒዩ ከም ዝበጽሕዎን ተረጋጊጹ። ሬሳ መዋቲ ንፍትሓት ናብ ቤተ-ክሪስቲያን ምስ ከደን፤ ፍትሓት ምስ ተወድአን፡ ታሪኽ መዋቲ ክንበብ ምስ ተሓተ፤ ስለ ዘየዳለዉን ዘይነበሩን ከይተነበ ጥራይ ዘይኮነስ ገለ ዘይንቡርን ዘይተጸበዩዎን ከም ዘሎ ተረጋገጸ። ካብታ መዓልቲ ፍተሓት ንደሓር እዩ ድማ እቲ ጉዳይ ናብ (ፓብሊክ) እቲ ወረ ዝተዘርግሐ። እቲ ሽማግለ ካብ ህዝቢ (አተውቲ-ወጻእቲ ኤምባሲ) ንኽሓቱ ከይዶሞ ዝበሃል ከኣ፡ ሓቂ ክነሱ ብስሩዕ ወይ እውን ብጥርናፈ ዝተላእኩ ዘይኮነስ በቢመንገዶም ስለ ዝንበረን ብዝተፈላለዩ ሰባትን አብ ዝተፈላለየ እዋንን ብምንባሩ በዚ መዓልትን ሰዓትን ክበሃል አጸጋሚ ኮይኑ ረኺበዮ አሎኹ። ኣምባሳደር ተ. ገራህቱ እዚ ጉዳይ ካብ ዓቕማይ ንላዕሊ እዩ ከም ዝበሎም ግን ዝተረጋገጸ ሓበሬታ እዩ። ብባህልናን እምነትናን ካብ ዓለም ብሞት ንዝተፍለየና ኣልዒልካ ምዝላፍ ወይ ምኽሳስ ግቡእ እኳ እንተዘይኮነ: ድሕሪ ሞት ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ: ከምቲ ቅድሚ ሞቱ ኣዝዩ ዘይንቡር ብምኻኑ: ናይ ብዙሓት ሰባት ቀልቢ ስሒቡ: ዓቢ መዛረቢ ኣርእስቲ ኮይኑ ኣሎ። ናይዚ ኩሉ ጋዕ ገልጠም ተሓታቲ ድማ ኣብ ኤርትራ ገባርን ሓዳግን ዝኾነ ኣቶ ኢሳያስ ኣፈወርቂ እዩ። ገለ ምንጫታት ከም ዝሕብርዎ፤ ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ከምዚ ኣብ ኮምቢተር “ሳይበራዊ ኲናት” ዘጻውድዎ ስሌታዊ ነታጒ ከየጻወደ ኣይተርፍን እዩ፤ ዝብል እዩ። ገለ ገለ ሰባት ነዚ ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ኣጻዊዱ ገዲፍዎ ዘሎ ጽሑፍ “ኑዛዜ ናይዝጊ” ኢሎም ብትሒምትሒም ይዛረብሉ ኣለዉ። እቲ ዘገርም ኣቶ ኢሳያስ ብዛዕባ “ኑዛዜ ናይዝጊ” ከመይ ኣቢሉ በጽሖ። ትሕዝቶ መጽሃፈ “ኑዛዜ ናይዝጊ” ኸ እንታይ ይኸውን? ዝብል እዩ።Lekatit It makes sense, there is something that is happening behind the curtain, And i believe it is an expose, The dictator is trying to damage the reputation of Nizghi, so if Naizgh says something, the followers will think it is a lie concocted by the family. To avenge Naizghi… Hmmm real life drama! ዜና ዕረፍቲ ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉን ኢሰብኣዊ ተግባራት ኢሳያስ ኣፈወርቅን ከምቲ ኣብ ናይ ኤርትራውያን ተቃወምቲ ማዕከናት ዜና ዝግለጽ ዘሎ ኣነውን ንናይ ሞት ዕረፍቲ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ እታ ዝዓረፈላ ምዓልቲ ብሰኑይ 6 ለካቲት ሰሚዔ። ሚኒስተር ወጻኢ ጉዳያት ኤርትራ ኣቶ ዑስማን ሳልሕን ናይ ሓላፊ ፓለቲካዊ ጉዳያት ህ.ግ.ደ.ፍን ኣማኻሪ ፕረዚደንት ኢሳያስ ኣፈወርቅን ኣቶ የማነ ገብረኣብን ምስ መንግስቲ እንግሊዝ ንክራኸቡ ኢሎም ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ከተማ ለንደን ስለዝነበሩ፣ ብኣንባሳደር ኤርትራ ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝን ኣየርላንድን ኣቶ ተስፍሚካኤል ገራህቱ ተዓጂቦም ንብጻዮም ነበር ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክበጽሑ ንገዝኡ ምስከዱ በጋጣሚ ሽዑ ዓሪፍ ጸኒሑዎም፣ ከምቲ ንቡር ነቢዖም ሓዚኖም ከዱ። ብድሕሪኡ ዋላ እኳ ኣብ ከተማ ለንደን እንተጸንሑ፣ ናብ እንዳ ሓዘን ገጾም ከይተቐልቀሉ ንኤርትራ ተመልሱ። ብሓሙስ ዕለት 9 ለካቲት ኣብ እንዳምኪኤል ናይ ተዋህዶ ቤተክርስትያን ኣብ ዝተገብረ ናይ ፍትሓት ስነስርዓት፣ ካብ ኤንባሲ ኤርትራ ንመንግስቲ ኤርትራ ወኪሉ ዝተረኽበ ሰብ ኣይነበረን። እቶም ቀንዲ ደገፍቲ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ’ውን ኣይተረኽቡን። ህይወት ታሪኽ ናይ ምውት’ውን ኣይተነበበን። እቲ ናይ ስርዓተ ቐብሪ ፍትሓት ዝገበረ ካህን ቀሺ ዮሃንስ ስብሃቱ’ውን ቀንዲ ደጋፊ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ስለዝኾነ በቲ ዝተዓዘቦ ከይገረሞ ኣይተርፍን ኢለ ይኣምን። ሬሳ ምውት ብቀዳም ዕለት 11 ለካቲት ንኤርትራ ከምዝኸይድ ተሓቢሩ። ድሕሪ እቲ ፍትሓት ግን ኣብ ስድራቤት ምውት ሻቕሎት ክረእይ ጀሚሩ። እቶም ናይ ምውት ሬሳ ንኤርትራ ንክኸይድ ሓላፍነት ወሲዶም ዝነበሩ ናይ ሬሳን ቀብርን ዘሳልጡ ትካል ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ንናይ ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ሬሳ ብካርጎ ንክኸይድ ዘድልዮም ፍቓድ ካብ ኤንባሲ ኤርትራ ኣብ ለንደን ክረኽቡ ኣይክኣሉን። ብዓልቲ ቤት ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ወ/ሮ ሓረጉ ንኣንባሳደር ተስፋሚካኤል ገራህቱ ብተደጋጋሚ ክትረኽቦ እኳ እንተፈተነት የለኹን ክምዘበለ ይንገር። ካብኡ ሓሊፋ’ውን ንኤርትራ ናብ ዝተፈላለዩ ሰበስልጣናትን ናብ ኣቶ ኢሳያስ ኣፈወርቂ ከይተረፈ ንኽትረክቦምን ንክሕግዙዋ ኢላ ደዊላ እኳ እንተነበረት ከምዘይተዓወተት ግን ተፈሊጡ። ጓሉ ንናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ማርታ ናይዝጊ ንኤንባሲ ኤርትራ ኣብ ለንደን ብኣካል ከይዳ ሬሳ ናይ ኣቡኣ ንምንታይ ንኤርትራ ከይዱ ንክቕበር ተኽልኪሉ? መንከ እዩ እቲ ከልካሊ? ኢላ ኣብ ዝሓተትሉ፣ ኣቶ ሚኪኤል ተስፋይ መምርሒ ካብ ወጻኢ ጉዳያት ኤርትራ ይጽበዩ ከምዘለው ምስነገራ፣ መንዩ እቲ ወጻኢ ጉዳያት ትብሎ ዘለኻ፣ ሚንስተር ናይ ወጻኢ ጉዳያት ኣብ ገዛና መጺኡ ሓዘን በጺሑ ከይዱ እንድዩ። እሱ ደይኮነን ሓላፊ ናይ ሚኒስትሪ ወጻኢ ጉዳያት ኢላ ከምዝመለሰትሉ ይሕበር። ብድሕሪኡ እቲ ጉዳይ ኣብ ለንደን ክፍታሕ ክምዘይክእል ምስተረድእት ‘ንባባኣ ኢሳያስ’ ባዕላ ክትረኽቦ ኢላ ንኣስመራ ከምዝኽደትን ኣብዚ እዋን’ዚ ኣብኡ ከምትርከብ ተረጋጊጹ። ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ኣብዝሓለፈ ዓመት ኣዝዩ ሓሚሙን ዋላ’ውን ክዛረበሉ ኣብ ዘይክእለሉ ደረጃ እኳ እንተነበረ፣ ቀቅድሚ ህይወቱ ምሕላፋ ዓይኑ ቋሕ ኣቢሉ ልሳኑ ከፊቱ “ኣይትደንጉያኒ ንዓደይ ውሰዳኒ” ኢሉ ተላብዩ እዩ ዓሪፍ።ብኡኡ ድማ እየን ሰበይቱን ደቁን ናይ መዋቲ ሬሳ ንዓዱ ክንወስዶ ኣለና ኢለን ኩሉ ዝከኣለን ዝገብራ ዘለዋ። ኣብዚ እዋን’ዚ ናይ መዋቲ ሬሳ፣ ኣብ መቐመጢ ሬሳታት ኣብ ከተማ ለንደን እዩ ዝርከብ ዘሎ። እዚ ከምዚ ኢሉ ከሎ ነንባቢ ክገልጾ ዝደሊ፡ ኣነ ከም ተጣባቂት ሰብኣዊ መሰላት መጠን ንናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ካብ 2005 ጀሚረ በቲ ኣብ ልዕሊ ኤርትራውያን ዘውረዶ ግፍዕታት፣ ማእሰርቲ፣ቅትለትን ስቅያትን ገለ ካብ ግዳያቱ ወኪለ ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ኣብ ፍርዲ ንክቐርብ ክሰርሕ ጸኒሔ። እቲ ንዑዑ ኣብ ፍርዲ ንምቕራብ ዝግበር ዝነበረ መስርሕ ከደናጎይ ምስ ጀመረን ናይ ጥዕንኡ ጉዳይ’ውን ኣሻቓሊ እንዳኾነ ምስመጸን ብዕለት 2 ግንቦት 2008፣ ነቲ እሱ ዝገበሮ ግፍዕታትን ክስታትን ዘቓልዕን እቲ ጉዳይ ብፓሊስ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ይጽናዕ ከምዘሎ ዝገልጽ ሓበሬታ ኣብ ህዝቢ ዘርጊሔ። ኣብቲ እዋን’ቲ ናይዝጊ መበል 17 ጽንብል ናጽነት ኤርትራ ምስ ኢሳያስ ኣፈወርቂ ሓቢሩ ከውዕል ብዕለት 10 ግንቦት 2008 ናብ ኤርትራ ንክኸይድ ምድላዋቱ ወዲኡ ነይሩ። እንተኾነ ውልቀመላኺ ኢሳያስ እቲ ብዕለት 2 ግንቦት ብኣይ ዝተዘርግኸ ጽሑፍ ስለዘሰንበዶን ኣብቲ ተጌሩ ኢለ ዝገለጽኩዎ ግፍዕታት ኢድ ከምዘይብሉ ንምምሳል ንናይዝጊ ናብ ኤርትራ ገጹ ከይመጽእ፣ ብዳሬክተር ሃገራዊ ድሕነት ኤርትራ ኣቶ ኣብርሃ ካሳ ብዕለት 3 ግንቦት 2008 ኣደዊሉ “ኣብኡ ጽናሕ ከይትመጽእ” ዝብል መልእኽቲ ኣመሓላለፈ። ካብታ ዕለት እቲኣ ኣትሒዙ ናይዝጊ ዘይተጸበዮን ዘይሓሰቦን ጥልመት ብጎይትኡ ኢሳይስ ኣብ ልዕሊኡ ክፍጸም ስለዝረኣየ፣ ብጭንቀትን ብሕርቃንን ኣብ ቅድሚ እቶም ዝቐርቦም ከስተንትን ይስማዕ ኔሩ። ኢሳያስ ኣፈወርቂ በዚ ከይተደረተ እቲ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ከም የማናይ ኢዱ ኮይኑ ኣብ ናይ ጥፍኣት ወፍሪ ንልዕሊ 32 ዓመት ዘገልገሎ ከም መልክዕ ሞሳን ምስጋናን እቲ ናይ ደጊያት ሓረጎት ዝቕመጡሉ ዝነበሩ ቪላ ሂብዎ ዝነበረ ኣብቲ እዋን ንብርቱ ኣብደገ ከምዝድረበይ ጌሩ ነቲ ቤት ብሓይሉ ወሰዶ። እዚ ተግባር ንናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ይኹን ንስድሩኡ ኣዝዩ ዘሕረቀ ጉዳይ ከምዝነበረን ከምዘሎን’ውን ይፍለጥ እዩ። ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ልክዕ ከም ህጻን ንኢሳያስ ናፊቐ ኢሉ ይበክን ይንኽነኽን ከምዘይነበረ ርክቡ ምስ ኢሳያስ ብከምዚ ዝዓይነቱ ክድዓት ምዝዛሙ ንናይዝጊ ኣዝዩ ስለዝደንጸዎን ስለዘሕረቆን ድማ እዩ ናይዝጊ ኢሳያስ ትብል ሽም ኣጥፊኡ “ፈርዖን” ዝብል ሽም ኣጠሚቑዎ ዝነበረን ከምኡ’ውን “ፈርዖን ደርብይኒ” ኢሉ ዘንጸርጽር ዝነበረ። እዚ ጭንቀት እዚ ዝፈጠሮ’ውን ክኸውን ይኽእል ጉዳይ ጥዕንኡ ካብ ጊዜ ናብ ጊዜ ከንቆልቁል ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ ንሞቱ ጠንቂ ዝኾነ። ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ቅድሚ ግንቦት 2008 ክብሩ ኣብ ኤንባሲ ኤርትራ ኣብ ለንደን፣ ምስ ደገፍቲ ህ.ግ.ደ.ፍ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ይኹን ኣብቶም ላዕለዎት ሰበስልጣናት ህግደፍ ሰማይ ዝዓረገ እዩ ነይሩ። ክስታት ናይዝጊ ቃልዕ ክኸውን ኣብ ዝጀመረሉ እዋን ግና እቲ ከም ፈጣሪኡ ዝሰግደሉ ዝነበረ ኣንባሳደር ተስፋሚካኤል ገራህቱ’ውን ከይተረፈ እዩ ካብቲ ኤንባሲ ዘርሓቖን ንናይዝጊ ኣመልኪቱ ካብ ሓደ ጋዤጠኛ ወዲ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ንዝቐረበሉ ሕቶታት’ ውን ከይሓፈረ “ናይዝጊ ዝኾነ ይኹን ርክብ ምሳና የብሉን ብዛዕባ’ዚ ውልቀሰብ’ውን ንፈልጦ ዝኾነ ነገር የልቦን ዝበለ”። ፓሊስ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ እቲ ዝገብሩዎ ዝነበሩ መጽናዕቲ ኣጠናቒቆም ብዕለት 8 ሰነ 2009 ን16 ሰዓታት ገዝኡ ፈተሽዎ። ዝኣክል ሓበሬታ’ውን ኣከቡ። እቲ ብድሕሪኡ ዝስዕብ ስጉምቲ ምእሳር ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ እዩ ነይሩ። ግና ኣብተን 16 ሰዓታት ንገዝኡ ክፍትሹ ከለው ዝተዓዘቡዎ፣ ጥዕንኡ ኣብ ዝኸፍእ ኹነታት ወዲቑ ከምዘሎን እቲ ኣብልዕሊ ንጹሃት ኤርትራውያን ዘውረዶ በደል ይኹን እቲ መስርዕ ናይ ክሲ ኣብ ፍርዲ ቀሪቡ ክርድኦ ከምዘይክል ገሚቶም ካብ ሰለስተ ሓካይም ነጻ ዝኾነ ጸብጻብ ብዛዕባ ኩነታቱ ሓቲቶም፣ ጉዳይ ጥዕንኡ እንዳገደደ እንበር ክመሓየሽ ከምዘይክእል ኣረጋገጹ። ብድሕሪኡ ንዓይን ንምሳይ ኮይኑ ብቐረባ ዝሰርሕ ዝነበረ ጠበቓ ናይ ሪድሬስ ዝበሃል ማሕበር ሓበሩና። ከም መዕጸዊ እቲ ጉዳይ’ውን ንዓናን ነቶም ኣነ ዝወከልኩዎም ግዳያት ናይዝጊ ነቲ ውሳነኦም ብጽሑፍ ተዋሂብና። Read more Comment by YAY says: [http://erigazette.org/?p=1758] February 28, 2012 at 12:50 am Dear All: Elsa Chyrum & Co. had no “strong” legal case against Naizghi Kiflu Elsa Chyrum, a “human rights activist” of Eritrean origin, now residing in Britain, and an NGO known as Redress tried to bring Naizghi Kiflu to a British criminal court for alleged crimes they believed Naizghi had committed in Eritrea against Eritreans. They failed. Elsa & Co. failed because, it seems, their case was primarily based on only the statements of three “main witnesses”. Their case did not pass the first legal test. It was dismissed before it was even brought to a British court of law. Here is how Leonard Vincent of Reporters Without Borders put it: “From police case to moral outrage The British police began taking a serious interest in Naizghi in 2005. Three Eritreans who were direct witnesses of the role he played in the government’s repressive apparatus were questioned at the behest of the Crown Prosecution Service’s anti-terrorist section in 2006 and 2007. Investigators visited several European countries to take statements from exiled Eritreans who were direct victims or witnesses of Naizghi’s activities in his long career as minister and presidential adviser. If the case had been sufficiently solid, he could have been prosecuted under article 134 of the 1988 Criminal Justice Act, which punishes torture regardless of the perpetrator’s nationality and where it was committed. If convicted, he could have been sentenced to life imprisonment. Although very detailed, the statements of the three main witnesses were apparently not enough to take the president’s special adviser to court. “The police told me they thought the case was not strong enough to go to trial, but they never agreed to write this down in black and white,” Chyrum said.The investigators in charge of the case declined to answer ReportersWithout Borders’ questions, referring us to the police press office. “Since we cannot make a court case out of Naizghi, we can at least turn it into a moral case, Chyrum said,“so that this man will from now on live surrounded by people who know he is a criminal.” To satisfy her desire for justice for one of Eritrea’s most feared officials, Chyrum decided to post a long report on several reputable Eritrean exile websites on 1 May detailing the various stages of her fight against the man who, over the years, has become her chief concern.” [Source: http://www.rog.at/Eritrea_2008.pdf But Elsa Chyrum continues to call Naizghi Kiflu “a criminal”. We have to remind our sister that human rights are essentially equal rights; and one of the basic tenets of human/equal rights is that a person is regarded innocent until proven guilty by a court of law. Elsa & Co. could not prove that Naizghi was a criminal in a court of law, and therefore, have no legal grounds to mischaracterize Naizghi Kiflu as “a criminal” just because they have got statatements (without additional evidence) from some accusers. Elsa & Co. have to desist from violating the human rights of Naizghi Kiflu’s and family’s, or anyone else’s for that matter, based on nothing but hearsay or unproven allegations. That is not protecting human rights. Doing so is immoral. If Elsa & Co. cannot prove their case in a court of law, their continued mischaracterization is nothing legitimate but a political statement. Violating the human rights of the accused in an effort to protect those of the accusers is contrary to, or at least inconsistent with, the principles of human or equal rights. Elsa & Co. are, knowingly or unknowingly, violating both principles/rights. ከርሲ መሬትካን፡ ሕዝብኻን ኣይጽላእካ። Posted on February 27, 2012 by assenna ለንቅነ፡ ሓደ መሳጢ ድራማ፡ ኣብ ቅድሚ የዒንትና፡ ክፍጸም ረኣና። ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ [ናይ እዝጊ ምባሉኳ የሰክፍዩ፡ ናይ ኢሳያስ/ናይሳያስ ምባሉ ይቀለል] ፈትሊ ሂወቱ ተበጣጢሳስ፡ ስግኡን ትንፋሱን ምስ ተፈልየት፡ ወያ ኣይኡ ኢሳያስ፡ ሬስኡ ኣይተርኢዩኒ፡ ኣሻፈረኝ! ክብል ረኣናዮ። ነቲ ድራማ መታን ክጥዕም ድማንስ፡ ወያ ትንፋስ ናይዝግስ፡ ኣብ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ እያ ዝሓለፈት። ሬሳ ናይዝጊ ድማኒ፡ ኣብዘን ዝሓለፋ ሓሙሽተ ኣመታት፡ ንሱ ብሂወቱ እንከሎ ዝተንቀሳቀሰልን ንላእሊ ተንቀሳቂሱ ይኸው’ዩ። ንፌራ ዘለዎ ሬሳ ከማን፡ ከምዚ ገይርካ ኣይተከላበቶን!። ወደያ ገራህቱ፡ ዃደረ ህግደፍ ኣብ ዓባይ ብርጣንያ ድማኒ፡ ‘ኣነሰ ኣይፈለጥኩን ክሓተልኩም’የ፡’ ዝብል፡ ዘይብላዕ ናይ ጨለ ዃደረ መልሲ ንስድራ መዋቲ ከምዚሃበ ድማኒ ኣብ ማዕከናት ዜና ኣንቢብና። ኣንታ ዝድራማስ ክንደይ መመሊሱ ይምቅር’ዩ ዘብል። በቲ ሓደ ወገን ድማኒ፡ እዚኦም ደኣኒ ንሬሳ መባልዕቶም፡ መሳቲይቶምን፡መጋድልቶም ከምዚ ዝገበሩ፡ ናኻልእ’ሞ እንታይ ከምዚገብሩስ ምሕሳቡ ኣየጸግምን። እንታይ ዓይነት ስርዓት ኣብ ኤርትራ ተኾይጡ ከምዝሎ ምርኣዩስ ኣየእግምን። ናብቲ ድራማ ክንምለስ፡፡ እዚ ድራማ’ዚ ንብዙሓት ኣስደሚሙን ኣገሪሙን። ኣነ ብወገነይ፡ ዘገርም የብሉን በሃላይ’የ። እቲ ምንታይሲ፡ ንሰይጣን ክትፈልጥስ ሰይጣን ዝዋዓሎን ዝገበሮን ምዕዛብ ጥራይ’ዩ ዘድልየካ። ንግብሪ ኢሳያስ ድማኒ፡ ልዕሊ ማንም ሰብ፡ ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፈልጣ ነይርዎ። ከምኡ ደኣ፡ ደቂ ሰባት፡ ረሳዕቲ ኮይንና ኢና እምበሪ፡ ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ነቲ ኢሳያስ ምስኡ ኾይኑ ኣብ ልዕሊ መንካዕን፡ የማናውያንን፡ ኢሉ ዝሰየሞም ንጹሃት ኤርትራውያንን፡ ካልኦትን ዝገበሮ ክፋእ፡ እኩል መለበሚ ክኾኖ ምተገብኣ። ምኽንያቱስ፡ ካብ መጀመርያ፡ ኣስር ኢሳያስ እንተረኣናን፡ ንሱ ዝነበሮ ዝገበሮን እንተፋሕተርናንሲ፤ ጥልመት፡ ክድዓት፡ ክፍኣት፡ ቂምታ፡ ቅንኣት ኢና ኩዒትና ንዕድን። ክሳብ ሕጂ፡ ንኹላትና ሕንቅል~ሕንቅሊተይ ኮይንና ዘሎስ፡ ምስቲ ኹሉ፡ ንዓሰርተታት ዓመታት፡ ዝረኣይዎ ኣካይዳ ኢሳያስ፡ ወላ እቶም ሕጂ ኣብ ጎዳጉዲ ኣስፊርዎም ዘሎ፡ [ብሂወቶም እንተለው ማለት'ዩ] ሚኒስትራትን ላዕሎዎት መራሕትንስ፡ ሓደ መዓልቲ ክግልበጦምን፡ ክስልበጣምን ምዃኑ፡ ብደምቢ ዘይተረድእዎ ምንባሮምን’ዩ። እዞም ምስኡ ተሪፎም ዘለው’ውን፡ ከምኡ። ብፍላይ ብፍላይ ድማ፡ እቶም ፍርቂ እግሮም ኣብ መቃብር ኣትዩ ዘሎዉ’ሞ፡ ናብ ዓዲ ኩልና ክከዱ፡ ሎምን ጽባሕን ዝብሉ ዘለው ዓበይቲ ሓለፍቲ ህግደፍ ። ጽባሕ ውግሕ እንከይበለስ፡ ኢሳያስ ከምቲ ንኣብራሃም ተወልደ፡ ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለ፡ ኢብራሂም ዓፋን፡ ካልኦት ኣማኢትን ዝጠለሞምስ፡ ክጠልሞም ሙኻኑ ናይ ግዜ ሕቶ ጥራይ’ዩ። እዝስ ዘይፍታሕ ግድል’ውን ኣይኮነን። ነቲ መልሲ ንምርካብስ፡ ታሪኽ ምግንጻል ጥራይዩ ዘድሊ። ምናልባት ሕጂ፡ እዚ ተርእዮ፡ ምኽልካል ሬሳ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ዓዱ ከይኣቱ፡ ኣብዚ ሙዕቡል ዘመንን፡ ሓበሬታ ከም ንፋስ ሸዊዉ፡ ናብ ኩሉ ኩርናኣት ኣለም ኣብ ዝበጽሓሉ እዋን ብሙዃኑ፡ ኩሉ ሰብ ቀልጢፉ ፈሊጡ፡ የእዳው ኣብ ኣፉ ኣንቢሩ፡ ከናፍሩ እናረምጠጠ፡ ወይ ጉድ! ይብል ኣሎ። ንኢሳያስ ግን እዚ ናይ መጀመርይኡ ኣይኮነን፡ ናይ መወዳእትኡ’ውን ኣይክኸውንን’ዩ። ብሓፈሽኡ እዚ ዜና ኣይኮነን። ሓድሽ ዝባሃል’ውን የብሉን። ደሓር ከኣ፡ መን ይፈልጥ፡ እዛ ከርሲ ኤርትራ፡ ኣብ ክንዲ ንሬሳ ናይዝጊ፡ ብሰላም፡ ሓቝፋ እትቅበሎስ፡ከምዚ ጌራ ፎእ ምባላስ፡ ከም ኣምሳያ ኢቲ ብህይወቱ እንከሎ፡ ክዋሃቦ ዝግባእ መቅጻዕቲ፡ ክኸውን ውን ይኽእል’ዩ። ምኽንያቱስ ሂወት ዝተፈላለየ ናታ ምስጢር ኣለዋ። “ኣይትበከዩ ነቲ ዝሓለፈ፡ ሕዘንሉ ነቲ ዝተረፈ፡” ክብሉ ኣቦታትና መሲሎም፡፡ ናይዝግስ እኳ ሓሊፉ፡፡ እዚ ኩሉ ከልበትበት’ውን ክንደየናይ ከይሰምዖ። ነቶም ነዚ እንዳራኣዩ፡ ግን ከኣ ሕጂ’ውን ዘንደልሕቁ፡ ኣብ ጎኒ ኣያኦም ኢሳያስ ኮይኖም፡ ንህዝቢ ሽብን ጕብን ዘእትውሉ ዘለውን፡ ጽባሕ ድማ ዕጫ ናይዝጊ እትጽበዮም ደቂ ሃገር ድኣ ሕዘኑሎም፡፡ ናይዝጊ ስግኡን ትንፋሱን ምስ ተፈላየስ፡ ሬስኡ ሬሳ ኣረሜንስ ክንደይ እኳ ክብሪ ረኺቡ፡፡ ሬሱኡ፡ ኣብ መጽንሒ ሬሳታት ሎንዶን እኳ ብኽብሪ ተቀሚጡሎ። ኣማኢት፡ ቀያሕትን ጀጋኑን፡ ግን ደሞም ከም ደም ከልቢ፡ ኣብ ፈቀድኡ ተኻዕዩን፡ ይካዓውን ኣሎ ብሰንኪ ናይዝግን፡ ኢሳያስን፡ ካልኦት ወይጦታት ተምሳላት ናይዝጊን። ቁጽሪ ዘይብለን፡ ስድራቤታት ናይቶም ኣብ ፈቀድኡ፡ በብዝተፈላለየ እዋናት ዝተሸርቡን፡ ዝተቀትሉን ምልሙላትን፡ ጽቡቃትን ደቀን ኣማውትኦምን፡ ረሳታቶም ኣበይ ወዲቁ ከምዘሎን ስለዘይፈለጡስ፡ ክሳብ ሕጂ ስንፈላል ተሰሪሖም፡ እህህ እናበሉ ዝልለውን፡ ምስ ጽፉፋት የዒንቶም፡ ተኾርምዮም መዋእል ዝገበሩ’ውን ኣለዉኮ። ናይዝጊን ደቂ ሃዋርያቱን፡ ኣብ ፈቀዶ ጎዳጉዲን ቤት ማሕቡስን፡ ሰንድዩ ዘሕቀቆም እኮ ኣዲኦም ጥራይ’ያ ትቆጽሮም። እንተትፍቀድስ፡ ክንደይ ስድራ ኮንያ ባዲማን፡ ጸኒታን፡፡ ክንደይ ኣደ ኾንያ ውላድ ሲኢና፡፡ ክንደይ መርዓት ኮንያ ሰብኣይ ሲኢና፡፡ ክንደይ ሰብኣይ ኮንዩ በዓልቲ እንዳ ሲኢኑ፡፡ ክንደይ ቆልዑት ኮንዮም ብዘይ ኣቦን ኣደን ዘኽቲሞም ተሪፎም፡፡ ክንደይ!…ክንደይ!…እግዚሀር ጥራይዩ ዋንኡ። እሞ ነዚ ደኣ እዚ’ኳ ክውሕዶ። ንስድራ ቤት ናይዝጊ ምድንጋጽ ካልእዩ፡ ናይዝጊ ኢዱ ረኺቡ ምባል ድማኒ ካልእዩ። ህዝቢ ደኣሞ ወዮ ኩሎም ኣጋፈርቲ ህግደፍ ከምዚ ረኺቦም ርእዩ። እዚ ደኣ ደበሱ እምበር። ስድርኡ፡ ስግኦም ስለዝኾነ ክጉህዮ’ዮም። መሳኺን ንሳቶም’ውን እኮ ናጤባን ሕሰምን’ዮም ረኺቦም። መን ኣሎ ውሉዱን ወላዲኡን ዝመረጸ፡፡ ተዓዲሎሞ’ዮም ይዋኣዮም። ላም ሓዊ ወሊዳ….እዩ እቲ ነገር። ግን ከኣ ኣብ ተፈላለይ እዋናት፡ ኣባላት ቤተሰቦም ተሸሪቦሞም፡ ተኣሲሮሞም፡ ስድራቤት ኡሱራትን ጥፉኣትን፡ ክልምኑ ክመጽእዎም ከለው፡ ናይዝጊ፡ ከመይ ዝኣመሰለ መካይድቲ ሰይጣን ምንባሩስ ኣንዳዕዲኦዖም ይፈልጡ’ዮም። እቲ ንቡር ክገብሩሉ፡ መስሎምን ጉቡኦምን እካ ቶኾነ፡ ከምዚ’ዞም ስድራ ናይዝጊ ኣጋኒፍዎም ዘሎ ነገር፡ ብሰንኪ ናይዝግን ተምሳላቱን፡ ወሪድወንስ ንዓመታት ጸይረንኦ፡ ዝኸዳ ስድራቤታት ከምዘለዋ’ውን ምዝካር’ውንኮ ከድልዩ። ሑሉፍ ሓሊፍወን፡ ሬሳታተን ንዓዲ ከእትዋ ስለ ዝተኸልከላ፡ ኣብ ዓዲ ጓና ስለዝጎሓፍኦሞ፡ ናይ ኩሉሻእ ቃንዛ ጸይረን ዝኸዳ፡ ውሕዳት ስድራቤታት እኮ ኣይኮናን። እዚ ክብል ከለኹ፡ እዚ ንቤተሰብ ናይዝጊ፡ ኣጋኒፎዎም ዘሎ ኣደራዕ፡ ስለዝሐጎሰኒ ኣይኮነን። እቲ ስድራ ዘይኮነስ፡ ናይዝጊ ነቲ ዝግብኦ፡ በህይወቱ ወላ ተዘይረኸቦስ፡ ድሕሪ ትንፋሱ ምሕላፋ ረኺብዎ’ሎ። እዚ ነቲ ስድራ ስለዝጸለዎ ካኣ የሕዝን፡ ምክንያቱ ኣብ ሞትስ፡ መዋቲ ዝርእዮን ዝሰምኦን የልቦን። ንገባር ክፉእ ግን ጽቡቅ ክትትምነየሉስ ተፈጥሮኣዊን ንቡርን’ውን ኣይኮነን። እሞ ከኣ እዚ ሙኻኑስ ጽቡቅ እዩ። ምኽንያቱ ድማ፡ ነቶም ሕጂ’ ውን፡ ተግባራት ናይዝጊን ኢሳያስን፡ ዝፍጽሙ ዘለው መዳኸርቲ ህግደፍ፡ ትምህርቲ ክኸውን ስለዘለዎ’ዩ። በዓል ጽቡቅ ኢዱ ነይስእን፡ ብዓል ክፉእ’ውን ይብሉኹም። ካብዚ ዝዓቢ ትምህርቲ የልቦን፡ ንበሃማት ደገፍቲ ህግደፍ ደኣ ኾይኑ እምበር። ብዘመነ ውቤ ዝጸመመስ….ስለ ዝኾነ እቲ ነገር ግን፡ እዚ’ውን ኣይክምህሮምን’ዩ። ከርሲ መሬትካን፡ ህዝብኻን ኣይጽላእካ’ዩ። ናይዝጊ፡ መሬቱን ህዝቡን ፈንፊንዎስ፡ ሬስኡ ኣብ ፈቀድኡ ከርተት ይብል ኣሎ። መርገም ወላዲ ተዘይቀተለ የዕነኒ፡ ይብሉኹም እዚ’ዩ። ገና ካልእ’ውን ክንርእይ’ና። ንኹሉ ንምርኣይ፡ ምቅናይ! ምቅናይ! ድዩ ዝበለ ትግራዋይ። ካብ ዘይቀሰነ ስሙ ናይዝጊ፡ ተግባሩ ዘይ ናይዝጊ! Posted on February 27, 2012 by assenna ኢሳያስ ስለምንታይ ምስ ሬሳ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ጥምጥም ገጢሙ ከም ዘሎ ነቶም ዝቃወሙ ዘይኮነ፡ ዝያዳ ነቶም ኣጣቓዕቲ ኢሳያስዩ ገሪሙዎም ዘሎ። ስለምንታይ እንተ በልና፡ እቶም ንኢሳያስ ፎእ! ኢሎም ዝኸዓቡዎን ዝፈንፈኑዎን ሰባት፡ ክንዮ’ዚ ሕጂ ዝገብሮ ዘሎ ሓጢኣት ዝኸይድ ገበናት ከም ዝፈጸመን ገና’ውን ክፍጽም ከም ዝኾነን ድሮ ተጋሂዱሎም’ዩ። እቶም እራይ ምራይ ይኹኑ፡ እቶም ብውልቃዊ ጥቕሚ ኣዒንቶም ዝዓወሩ ሰባት ግን ገና ኢሳያስ እንታይ ዓይነት ሰብ ከም ዝኾነ ዝፈልጡዎ ስለ ዘይብሎም፡ ወይ ድማ ኣብ ናይ ሕልሚ ዓለም ስለ ዝነብሩ ንኢሳያስ ከም በዓል ኪዳኖም ቈጺሮም ንሱ ኣብ ስልጣን እን’ተሎ ጥራይ ዝጥዕሞም እናመሰሎም ኣሚኖም ንኣማኒ ክህቡዎ ይፍትኑ ኣለዉ። ኣይትሓዞምን’ዩ። ኣነን ከምዚ ኸማይን’ውን ኣብ ዝበነ ገድሊ፡ “መን ከም ኢሳያስ፡” ኢልና ዘየድነቕናዮ ኣይኮንናን። ሎሚ ክሓስቦ ከለኹ ኣመና’ዩ ዝገርመኒ። ሽዑ ልክዕ ከምዚ ድሕሪ ነጻነት ዝግበር ዝነበረን ዘሎን፡ ኢሳያስ እንተ ዘይህሉ ገድሊ እንታይ ምወሓጦ? ንገደሉ ምጸደፈ፡” እናበሉ ዘጫፍሩ ሰባት ነይሮም። መሳኪን ሎሚ ኩላቶም የለዉን። ካብ ናይ ናዝይጊ ክፍሉ ዝገደደ ዕጫ ገጢሙዎም ከም ጠላማት፡ የማናይ ክንፊ፡ ዝምቡላት፡ ባቡር ሰውራ ዝሓደገቶም፡ ጸረ ሰውራ ተባሂሎም ተመቝሖምን ብግፍዒ ተቐንጺሎምን። ናብ ጕዳይ ሬሳ ንምምላስ፡ ኢሳያስ መዓስ’ዩ ምስ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ክቃራሓን ጀሚሩ? ናይዝጊ ክፍሉኸ እንታይ ዓይነት ሰብ ነይሩ? ናይዝጊ ከምቲ ቅድሚ ሕጂ ብተደጋጋሚ ብካልኦት ብጾት ዝተግልጸ፡ ገና ጅምር ከብል ኣትሒዙዩ ናይ ኢሳያስ ኵርኵር ብምዃን ከገልግሎ ምሒሉ። ስለ ዝኾነ፡ ምሉእ ዕድመኡ ብሰውራ ዘይኮነ ብስልጣን ናይ ኢሳያስ ምስ ሓሰበ’ዩ። ብወገነይ ብዛዕባ ናይዝጊ ብኣካል ዝፈልጦን ዝሰማዕኩዎን ከዕልለኩም። - ኣብ መጀመርያ ናይ 1976 ሓንቲ ሓይሊ ኣብ ጐረይቶ ጽርግያ እናሰራሕና ከለና ኣብቲ ዝበረኸ ቦታ ምስ በጻሕና፡ ግሬደር ዘይትፍንቅሎ ከውሒ ኣጋጢሙና። ባፍራዛ ይኹን መለኪኖ ክስበረልና ስለ ዘይከኣለ ድማ ኣጕናድ ጓሪትና ኣጕድናሉ ናብ ቦታና ንኸይድ። ምሉእ ለይቲ ብሓዊ ክረስን ዝሓደረ ከውሒ ግን ብዘይካ ከም ሓጺን ጭል ምባል ዕጭ ሓንፊፉ ምፍንቃል ኣብዩና። ብዘይንሱ ግን እቲ ኣብቲ እዋንቲ ሓላፊ ዕጥቅን ስንቅን ዝነበረ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ኮሚሽነር ክፍሊ ታዕሊም ነበር ነፍስሄር መሓሪ ግርማጼን፡ ሽኮር ይኹን ተምሪ ክህበና እንተ ሓተቶ፡ እንተ ኾነ፡ ኣሎ ዝብሃል ኣስቤዛ ይወሃቦም ተባሂሉ ከብቅዕ፡ ናይዝጊ ከም ድላዩ ክጻወተሉ ዝውዕል ዝነበረ ኣስቤዛ ኣይህብን ኢሉ ኣቕቢጹ። ንዕድልና ኣይደንጐየን ወዲ ኣፎም ብሪ ብሱዳን በቲ መኪና ክትሓልፎ ዘይትኽእል መንገዲ ብእግሩ ከተፍ በለ። ሽዑ መሓሪ ግርማጼን ብዛዕባቲ ስራሕ መግለጺ ብምሃብ ናይ ኣስቤዛ ጸገም ከም ዘለና፡ ናይዝጊ ድማ እምቢ ኢሉ ከም ዝኣበየና ሓበሮ። እታ ጥርዓን ስለ ዝተቐመት፡ ነቲ ከውሒ ድማ ብኣካል ስለ ዝረኣዮ፡ እቲ ጽርግያ ቀልጢፉ መታን ክውዳእ’ሞ ኰደድ ክብሉ ስለ ዝደለየ ግዲ ኾይኑ መዓት ሽኮር፡ ኣስቃጥላ፡ ጸባ፡ ሽጉርቲ በሽበሽ ኮይኑ። እቲ ስራሕ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሰሙናት ዓጠምጠም ክብል ከሎ ንበዝሕ ድማ ምዕጕርቲ ኣውጺእና። እዚ ሓደ መርኣያ ናይ ናይዝጊ ጭካኔ ኣብ ልዕሊ ብጾቱ’ዩ። ነቲ ስራሕ ዘይረኣዮ እንተ ዝኸውንስ ደሓን፡ ግን ብኣካል ተዓዚቡዎ ነይሩ። ነዚ እናረኣየ፡ እሞ ኸኣ ማዕረ ዝብጽሓና ንብረት፡ እሞ ኸኣ ክዕቈር ዘይክእል ምግቢ ምኽልኡ ምስ ምንታይ ይቝጸር ባዕላትኩም ፍረዱ። - ኣብ ፈለማ 1977 ቀቅድሚ ውድባዊ ጉባኤ፡ ብርክት ዝበለ ሰብ ካብ ሕክምና ሓውዩ ዝመጽአ፡ ናብ ቦታኡ ዝኸይድ፡ ዝውዛዕ፡ ካብ ክፍልታት ናብ ሓይልታት ዝኸትት ወዘተ፡ ኣብታ ናይ ሽዑ እዋን መናሃርያ ናይ ሳሕል ዝነበረት ፋሕ ኮፍ ኢሉ ነይሩ። በጋጣሚ ሴሚናር ስለ ዝነበረ ድማ ናይቲ ከባቢ ሓይልታት ይኹና ክፍልታት ኣብቲ ሩባ ፋሕ ኢለን ነይረን። ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ኣብቲ ሩባ ንበይኑ ሽጋራ በኾዅ እናበለ፡ “ብማዕዶ ንዝረኣዮም ገለ ሰባት፡ “ኣታ ወዲ ሸርሙጣ እንታይ ትገብር ኣለኻ?” ክብሎም ከሎ፡ ንገለ መን ምዃኑ ከይፈለጡ፡ “ብጻይ ሽጋራ ሃበና’ስኪ፡” ክብሉዎ ከለዉ፡ “ወዲ ተረጓቢት! ኣብ ጽላልካ እቶስኪ፡” ክብሎም ብእዝነይ ሰሚዐ። ሽዑ ተወጊአ ንኽውዛዕየ ናብ ክፍሊ ቍጠባ መጺእ ነይረ። እዚ ዝብለኩም ዘለኹ ኣፍኵስ ኣቢለዮ ኣለኹ’ምበር ንሱ ዝብሎ ካብዚ ዝገደደ ክትሰምዖ ዘጸይፍ፡ ሰብ ክኣምነካ ዘጸግም’ዩ። ነቶም ንፈልጦ ግን ኣይገርመናን’ዩ። - ኣብ 1993 ምሸት ለይቲ’ዩ ኣብ ኣፍደገ ሞካምቦ። ሓንቲ መንእሰይ ብገለ ምስኡ ተዘራሪባ። “እንታይ ኢኺ’ሞ ደሊኺ? ዝ…ኪ መሲሉኪ? ተ. . . .!” ክብላ ከሎ ሰለሰተ ዝፈልጦም ብጾት ሰሚዖሞ። እንታይ ኢኻ ትገብር ዘለኻ? ተኽፍኣና ኣለኻ በጃኻ፡ ንዓስኪ ረሓቕ፡ ዝበደለቶ ነገር ኣለዋ እንተ ኾይኑ ፖሊስ ክንጽውዓላ፡” ኢሎም ገላጊሎማ። ኣብቲ ግዜቲ ይትረፍ መራሕቲ ውድብ ተጋዳላይ ዝቦኡ ኣዝዩ ክቡርን ሕፉርን ነይሩ። - ኣብ ከባቢ 1994 ናይዝጊ ብውልቃዊ ጕዳዩ ናብ ዓዲዃላ ይኸደልኩም። ሽዑ ብገለ ኣመንቱ ካብ ስዑዲያ ከም ህያብ ዝተላእከትሉ ናይ 1993 ሞዴል ክረሲዳ እዩ ሒዙ ነይሩ። ካብ ዓዲዃላ ክምለስ ከሎ ኣብ ብሎኮ ሓደ ዕንጨይትን ፈሓምን ዝቈጻጸር ኣባል ክፍሊ ሕርሻ ገመድ ስሒቡ ደው የብሎ። ክፈቶ፡ ኣይከፍቶን ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ መጨረሽታ ናብ ከተማ ተመሊሱ ንፖሊስ እሰሩዎ ይብሎም። እቲ ተጋዳላይ ብዘይፈለጦ ናጤባ ምስ ተኣስረሉ ድማ ይሓልፍ። መስኪናይ ወዲ ሳልስቲ ምስ ገበረ እንታይ ዝገብርኩ ሰብየ ተኣሲረ፡ ሕጊ የለን ድዩ? ኢሉ ምስ ኣማረረን እቶም ፖሊስ ንባዕሎም ኵነታቱ ስለ ዘይተቐበሉዎን፡ ናብ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ደዊሎም፡ “እቲ እሰሩዎ ዝበልካና ተጋዳላይ እንታይ እዩ ገበኑ? ብምንታይ ክንምዝግቦ?” ኢሎም ይሓቱዎ። ንሱ ድማ፡ “ኣየናይ ተጋዳላይ?” ክብል ብሕቶ ይምልሰሎም። ኣነጺሮም ምስ ገለጹሉ፡ “ፍትሑዎ” ዝብል ሓጺር መልሲ ሂቡዎም። - ኣብ 1996 ሰለስተ ካብ ወጻኢ ዝመጹ መንእሰያት ኣብ ሆቴል እምባሶይራ ኮፍ ኢሎም የዕልሉ ነይሮም። እቲ ሰሓቖምን ሓጐሶምን ዘይተዋሕጠሉ ናይዝጊ፡ “እንታይ ትብሉ ኣለኹም?” ኢሉ ይሓቶም’ሞ፡ መንነቱ ስለ ዘይፈለጡ፡ “እንታይ ኣእተወካ?” ብምባል ውራይ ዕላሎም ይገብሩ። በዚ ሓደ ክልተ ምስ ኮነ “ጽባሕ ሰዓት 9፡00 ናይ ንግሆ ናብ ኣጂብ ትመጹ ይብሎም። ደቂ ብዙሕ ኣይተገደሱሉን ዕላሎም ወዲኦም ሓፍ ምስ በሉ ብዛዕባቲ ጕዳይ ምስ ገለ ሰባት ምስ ኣዕለሉ፡ “ጠፊእኩም! ኣይትፈልጡዎን ዲኹም? ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ’ንድዩ!” ብምባል ክኣስሮም ምዃኑ ይሕብሩዎም። ደቂ ተቐጢኖም ሓዲሮም ንጽባሒቱ ገፈፍ እናበሉ ናብ ኣጂብ ይኸዱ። ናይዝጊ ክልተ ብቐጥታ ኣብ ትሕቲኡ ዝነበሩ ሓለፍቲ ኣዳሊዩ ብምጽናሕ፡ “ኣድላዪ መርመራ ጌርኩም ትቕፍዱዎም፡” ይብሎም። እቶም ክልተ መርመርቲ ጥዑያት ስለ ዝጸንሑን ጠባዩ ስለ ዝፈልጡዎን፡ ነቶም ደቂ ብህድኣት ይሓቱዎም። ጕዳይ ከም ዘይብሎም ምስ ፈለጡ፡ “እዞም ሰባት ዝኾነ ገበን ኣይረኸብናሎምን፡ ስለዚ ክንሰዶም ኢና፡” ይብሉዎ። ድሕሪ ክንደይ ክትዕ ከይፈተወ “ሕራይ በሉ ናባይ ስደዱዎም” ይብሎም። እቶም ደቂ እናፈርሑ ናብ ቤትጽሕፈቱ ምስ ኣተዉ፡ “ትማሊ ደኣ እንታይ ኣደኽን ኢኽን ትብላ ኔርክን፡ ኣንትን ደቂ ሸርሙጣ?” ይብሎም። ንሳቶም ድማ “ሳክት ነዕልል ኔርና፡” ምስ በሉዎ። “በቃ ኣብ እምባሶይራ ኮፍ ኢልክን ናይ መሸኒ ገለ ተዕልላ! ኪዳ ከይትደግማ ድሕሪ ሕጂ፡” ኢሉ ኣፋንዩዎም። ስላቶም ጥዑያት ደቂ ብሰላም ተፋንዮም’ምበር፡ መሃነኖም ክሳብ ዝተፍኦም ምሰሓኑዋ ነይሮም። - ኣብ 1995 እዞም ነቶም ደቂ ዝመርመሩ ክልተ ኣባላት ጸጥታ፡ ብገለ ገለ ምስ ተመላለሱ፡ ብቦክስ ሓመድ ገይሮሞ። እቲ ነገር ናቱ በደል ግዲ ነይሩ ካብ መዓስከር ንወርሒ ኣይትውጽኡ ጥራይ ተባሂሎም። ነቲ ጕዳይ ግን ኵሉ ሰብ ሰሚዑዎ። ገለ ሰባት ሕማቕ ጸርፊ ስለ ዝጸረፎም ዘይርሳዕ ትምህርቲ ክህቡዎ ደልዮም ይብሉ። - ኣብ 1996 ምስ ኣቶ ዓብዱ ዩኑስ ኣብ ባር ኡሁሩ ኮፍ ኢሎም ቢራ እናሰተዩ ከለዉ፡ ምስ ነፍስሄር ትርሓስ ዋና ባር ሓደን ክልተን ይበሃሃሉ። ብዘይንሱ ንሳ ዝግድሳ ሰብ ኣይኮነትን ነይራ። ንሱ ስለ ዘይተቐባተረትሉ ጥራይ፡ “ክኣስረኪ እየ፡” ይብላ፡ “ንሳ ድማ ኣበይ ዘለኻ ኢኻ ደኣ ንስኻ ከምኡ ትብል፡ እቶም ጀጋኑስ’ባ ከምኡ ኣይብሉን’ዮም፡ ኣብ ባር ኣቲኻ ውራይ ቢራኻ ጌርካ ኪድ!” በለቶ ብድፍረት። ዘረባ ኣይቀጸለን ትም ኢሉ። ካብቲ ገዛ ምስ ወጹ ነቶም ኣብ ማዕዶኣ ዝነበርና ሰባት፡ “ጥዑይ ድዩ እዚ ሰብኣይ?” በለትና። ንሕና ድማ፡ “ኣይትፈልጥዮን ዲኺ? ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ’ንድዩ?” ምስ በልናያ፡ “እዝስ ናይ ሰይጣን’ምበር ናይዝጊ ኣይኮነን፡” ኢላ መለሰት። ከም ዘይትፈልጦ ተረዲኡና፡ “ሚኒስተር ጸጥታ’ዩ ክኣስረኪ’ዩ፡” በልናያ። ንሳ ግን ብውሽጣ ፈሪሓ እንተ ኾይናምበር ብደገስ ኣይዓጀባን፡ “ኪድ! ኣበይ ዘሎ’ዩ ደኣ ዝኣስረኒ? ሰብ ምእሳር ከም ድላይካ ድዩ ኾይኑ?” ኢላ ኣስሒቓትና። - እዚ ንመንነቱን ባህሪኡን ዝገልጽ ነገራትምበር ነቲ ቀንዲ ተግባራቱን ጭካኔኡን ዘብርህ ኣይኮነን። ኣብ መጨረሽታ፡ ማለት ቅድሚ ናብ ዓዲንግሊዝ ምምጽኡ ግን ንመሓመድ ሓጐስ ዋና እንዳ ኦሞ ዝነበረ ሰብ ለኪሙዎ ጠፊኡ። ምስ መሓመድ ሓጐስ ብገለ ነገር ምስ ተቐራረቡ ገለ ከቢድ ምስጢር ኣካፊሉዎ። ፍሉያት ኣባላት ጸጥታ ኢሳያስ ስለ ዝፈለጡ ድማ መሓመድ ሓጐስ ኣብ ሓንቲ መኪና ተጨውዩ ድሕሪ ምኻድ ኣብ መንገዲ ባጽዕ ኣጽዲፎሞ። ንጽባሒቱ ሬሳኡ ገለ ሰባት ምስ ረኸቡዎ ናብ ባጽዕ እናወረደ ጸዲፉ ተባሂሉ። ግንከ፡ ኣብ ርእሱ ማህረምቲ ጸኒሑዎ፡ ሽዑ ምሽት ምስ ኣቦኡ ኣብ ገዛ ክድረር መደብ ነይሩዎ፡ ንጽባሒቱ ድማ ምስ ገለ ሰባት ኣብ ስራሑ ቈጸራ ነይሩዎ። ብዘይካዚ ሓደ ሰብ ብሓይሊ ኣብ መኪና ከእትዉዎ ከለዉ ርእዩ ኣብ ፖሊስ ምስ ኣመልከተ ንባዕሉ ተኣሲሩ። በዚ ምኽንያታት’ዚ ኣባላት ጸጥታ ኢሳያስ ከም ዝቐተሉዎ መረጋገጺ ኣሎ። ሽዑ ናይዝጊ ንባዕሉ ኣብ ሰንከልከል ስለ ዝነበረ ሓንቲ ክገብር ኣይከኣለን። እዚ ክተንብቡዎ ዝጸናሕኩም ገለ ፈላጣት ነቲ ቀንዲ ናይ ናይዝጊ ታሪኽ ህይወት ዝገልጹልና፡ እቲ ቀቀሊሉን፡ መባእታውን ግን ከኣ ከም መርኣያ ናይ ባህርያቱን ኣብ ልዕሊ ሰባት ዝነበሮ ንዕቀትን ከብርሃልና ዝኽእል ኮይኑ ይስምዓኒ። ናይዝጊ፡ ንተጋደልቲ ዓሰርተ ኪሎ ሓርጭ ንህዝቢ ፍታሕ ጌርኩም ኢሉ ብዘይፍርዲ ዝኣስር ዝነበረ ሰብ’ዩ። ኣብ 1994 ንሓደ ቈማት ቀይሕ ኢሉ ተጋዳላይ ብዘይፍርዲ ዓመት ምስ ኣሰሮ ናብ ወተሃደራዊ ቤትፍርዲ ቀሪቡ። እቶም ፈራዶ ድማ “ዘእስር የብልካን ነጻ ኢኻ፡” ምስ በሉዎ፡ እቲ ወዲ “ገበነይ ከይተነግረኒ ካብዚ ቦታ ኣይወጽእን’የ” ኢሉዎም። እቶም ፈራዶ “እሞ ክንሓተልካ” ኢሎም ንናይዝጊ ምስ ደወሉሉ፡ “ናብ ማእሰርቲ ምለሱዎ” ስለ ዝበሎም ነቲ ወዲ እንታይ ከም ዝበሎም ሓቢሮሞ። እቲ ተጋዳላይ ኣብ ማአከል ቤትፍርዲ ከም ቈልዓ ጫጭ ኢሉ በኽዩ። እዚዩ ኣብ ነጻ ኤርትራ ዘሎን ዝነበረን ፍትሒ! ኣየ ፍትሒ! ኣየ ሕጊ! ዘብልዩ ብሓቂ። እቲ ሎሚ ዘሎ ኵነታት ርእሰ ግሉጽ ስለ ዝኾነ ምትንታን ኣየድልዮን። እቲ ጸገም ግን ሽዑ “ኣብ ኤርትራ ፍትሒ ተሳኢኑ፡” ኢሉ ዝዛረብ ሰብ፡ “ኢሰፓ” ክኸውን ኣለዎ” እዩ ዝብሃል ነይሩ። እስኪ ነነፍስና ንገምግም ክንደይ ካባና ኢና ካብ ሽዑ ጀሚሩ ግፍዕታት ህግደፍ ዝተረድኣና??? ንዝተኣስረ ሰብ፡ “ገለ ኣጠፋፊኡ” ይኸውንዶ ኣይኮንናን ንብል ኔርና። በሉ ሰናይ ቅነ ንሎሚ ኣብዚ ይኣኽለና። ዝኽሪ ንስዉኣትና! ፈንቅል ካብ ኖርወይ ሰሉስ, 28 ለካቲት 2012 ላዕላዋይ በዓል-ስልጣን መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ዝነበረ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ኣብ ለንደን ዓሪፉ ኣስከሬኑ ናብ ኤርትራ ዘይምእታዉ ኣዘራራቢ ጉዳይ ኾይኑ`ሎ ኣብ ለንዶን ዝርከብ ኢምባሲ ኤርትራ ኾነ፡ በዓልቲ ቤት ኣቶ ናይዝጊ፡ ነቲ ዜና-ዕረፍቲ እንተረጋገጹ`ኳ፡ ብዛዕባ ምምላስ ኣስከሬን ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ግና ክዛረቡ ፍቓደኛት ኣይኮኑን። ብዝኾነ ግን፡ ብዛዕባ`ቲ ኹነታት ናታቶም ነጸብራቕ ክገልጹልና፡ ምስኡ ነዊሕ ዝተጋደለ ኣቶ መስፍን ሓጎስን፡ ኣብ 80`ታት ኣብ ኣልጀርያን ኣብ ቀረባ ኣብ ለንደንን ዝፈልጦ ኣቶ ሱሌማን ኣደምን ኣዘራሪብና`ለና። ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ኣብ 70`ታት ካብ ኣመሪካ ንሜዳ ከምዝወጸ፡ ኣብ ኤርትራ ሓላፊ ጸጥታን፡ ሓላፊ ሚንስትሪ ዜናን፡ ኣብ ሩስያ ኣምባሳደር ኤርትራ ኾይኑ ከምዘገልገለ ይግለጽ። ጸብጻብ ድምጺ ኣመሪካ ዝሓዘ ምሉእ ፕሮግራም ንምስማዕ ኣብ ምልክት ድምጺ ጠውቑ፡ Listen to Report on Naizghi-Kiflu Death and Burial Controversy NAIZGHI KIFLU IS MORTAL HISTORY WILL ABSELOVE HIM – BY AMARE GEBREMARIAM GEBRE Posted on March 1, 2012 by assenna BY AMARE GEBREMARIAM GEBRE “If we no longer treat the dead with dignity what hope is here for the living” Condolences to the family of Naizgi Kiflu that is to his wife, his son and daughter and relatives. People say that you can measure how civilized a country is by the way it treats its dead. That is dignified burial. The world community is moving into the brave new world of designer babies, face transplant and cloning. These advances are held to be evidences of the superiority and prowess of our civilization. Yet the way we treat the dead is of the greatest possible significance, not just to the health services but to the society at large. If we do not show respect to the dead, we will not show it to the living. Death is inevitable. Naizghi Kiflu died Feb 6th 2012 in London a natural death at the age possibly 70 years. Yet his corpse did not get proper burial not because his family could not afford it, not because the British government did not give permit, but the dictatorial regime PFDJ in Eritrea did not allow entry of Naizghi Kiflu’s corpse to Eritrea for dignified burial. Highland Eritrean Christians always prefer to bury the dead at his/her village of origin. This is the norm of the Eritrean highland society and this is not the norm of only Eritrean but of most world society. I knew Naizghi since my school age days first at Tipo elementary school then at St. George middle school in Mendefera and at a high school in Asmara. Naizghi battled colonialism since his middle school days. NAIZGHI’S FIGHT WITH COLONIALS People say beauty is on the eye of the beholder. My take on Naizghi’s struggle for independence and after is based on observed facts and reported information. a) His struggle started during middle school days when he led the demonstration of St. George middle school student in support of the students of high school students in Asmara. Then he continued it by distributing fliers in Mendefera and Asmara during his high school days. He was also the brave man who organized the most cells of Movement of seven{ mahber 7} ,organize demonstrations. Because of these activities he was expelled from high school along with the late Andemicael Kahsai and were exiled to Ethiopia Where he continued his struggle. Then he got scholarship to the Soviet Union stayed in other countries and joined the armed struggle in 1972. b) I met him in Sahel for a brief time in 1976 that we only exchanged greeting. 1974 is the time Naizghi started to put black spots in his endeavor for independence. He became right hand man of Isaias Afeworhi and had a role in the execution of the revolutionaries (MENKA). There is also information that implicates him in many ways as a minister of information, vice chief of security——-etc. This is second hand information that I can not conform or reject. c) Naizghi Kiflu was an intelligent, bold, hard working and visionary. People who grew up with him expect from him a document of the struggle of EPLF and PFDJ and his vision for the future. I am sure the Eritrean people will forgive him for certain misdeeds the moment that document surfaces. Eternal life to Naizghi Kiflu and condolences to his family and relatives. We struggle we succeed Comments>>>>ama766@comcast.net Glory to our martyrs Earth to earth, Ashes to Ashes, Dust to Dust: If the president permits it. No respect even for the dead in Eritrea 03-01-2012 Nothing can be more telling in this regard than the fate of Naizghi Kiflu, one of the most hated supporters of President Isaias both before and after independence. Naizghi served President Isaias in various capacities not least as a feared and loathed security head responsible for the killing and disappearance of hundreds of Isaias’s opponents. When Naizghi died on February 6th after a long illness in London where he had been receiving medical treatment, it was obviously expected that his funeral would take place in the Martyr’s Cemetery in Asmara with full honours befitting a veteran fighter. A month after his death, nobody still knows if his family will even be allowed to take his body back to Eritrea, let alone whether it will get an official ceremony. Whatever the reason for the regime’s refusal to approve of the return of Naizghi’s body, there is no doubt it is sending a message: It is President Isaias that has full control of all Eritreans alive or dead and he is not willing to let this go. The Eritrea that tens of thousands of people died for is now the private turf of a man who denies a burial place to those who were willing to die for him. This obsession with morbid excitement may be pathetic, but the strangest thing is that there still are those, even among the opposition, who try to find concealed meanings beneath the callousness. This is what President Isaias has reduced Eritrea and Eritreans to.[source http://www.dailyethiopia.com/index.php?aid=1114] ቀብሪ ሓደ ሰብኣይ ወይስ መሰል 4 ምልዮን ህዝቢ? Posted on March 5, 2012 by assenna ቀብሪ ሓደ ሰብኣይ ወይስ መሰል 4 ምልዮን ህዝቢ? ኣድሓኖም ፍትዊ ኣብ ዓለም ዘለው ዲክታተራት ሓደ ንኹሎም ዝገዝኦም ባህርይ ኣሎ። ንሱ ድማ መሰል ህዝቢ ኣየኽቡሩን፡ መሰል ውልቀሰባት ኣየግድሶምን፡ ልዕላውነት ሃገርውን ኣይንታዮምን። እታ ቀንዲ እተገድሶም ስልጣኖም ኢያ። ብስልጣኖም ዝመጾም ዝኾነ ስጉምቲ ክወስዱ ድልዋት ኢዮም። ኢሳያስ ብፍላይ ሕልፍ ዝበለ ጨካን ኢዩ። ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ንንውሕ ዝበለ ግዜ ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ክሕከም ጸኒሑ ከም ዝዓረፈ ዝፍለጥ ኢዩ።ከምኡ’ውን ኣብቲ ንሳላሳ ዓመታት ዝተኻየደ ቃልሲ፡ ታሪኽ ናይዝጊ እንታይ ከም ዝነበረ ዳርጋ ንዝኾነ ኤርትራዊ ብሩህ ኢዩ። ህልም ዝበለ ኣንጻር ደሞክራስያውያን ተቓለሰቲ ከም ዝነበረ ማንም ዘይስሕቶ ኢዩ። ሕሉፍ ሓሊፉ ገለ ብጾት ኣብ መዳ “ኢቫን ናይ ኤርትራ” ኢሎም ይሰምይዎ ከም ዝነበሩ ትዝ ይብለኒ። ኣነውን ብርሑቚ ይኹን’ምበር ናይዝጊ እፈልጦ ከምዝነበርኩ፡ ቀንዲ ገባርን ሓዳግን የማናይ ኢድ ኢሳያስ ከም ዝነበረ ኢዩ ዝፍለጥ። ኢሳያስ በላ ናይዝጊ በላ ከምዝነበረ ማንም ዝኽሕዶ የለን። ሕጂ ግን ታሪኽ መዋቲ ናይዝጊ ገዲፍና፡ ናይ ጭካኔ ኢሳያስ ንዛረብ። ናይዝጊ ሕማቕ ጌሩ’ሞ ሕማቕ ይፈደ ኣይንብልን። ብፍላይ ብባህልና “ምውት ኣይትኽሰስ” ከምዝበሃል። ናይዝጊ ብታሪኹ ክኽሰስ ይነብር እምበር መሰሉ ክኽበር ኣለዎ። ሓመድ ሃገሩ ዝነፍጎ ዋላ ሓደ ኣካል ክህሉ ኣይግባእን።ዋእ! ኢሳያስ ግን ንሕስያ ዘይብሉ ጨካን ኢዩ።ኣብ ኣእምሮ እዚ ሰብ’ዚ “ሰብ፡ ሰብ ኣይመስሎን” ንሰብ ከም ኣቕሓ ተጠቒሙ ኢዩ ዝደርብዮ። ዳርጋ ንኹሎም ናይ ቀረባ ብጾቱ ዝነበሩ ተበሳጭዮም ካብ ህዝቢ ከም ዝንጸሉ ጌሩ ይደርብዮም። ኣብ ዓዲ ጥልያን ንኢሳያስ ዕድመ ልኽዑ ከገልግል ዝጸንሐ ዓንደማርያም ሓደ ኣብነት ኢዩ። ኢሳያስ ከም ብልያረዶ ሰባት ምስ ሰባት እናጋጨወ ዝነብር ሕሉፍ ጨካን ኢዩ። ንኢሳያስ ዘይፈለጠ ይፍለጦ። መን ኣሎ ኢሳያስ ተጠቒሙ ዘይከሓዶ። ኢሳያስ መን ኣልዎ ካብ መጀመርያ ስጋብ መጨረሻ ብዕርክነት ይኹን ብብጻይነት፡ ምስኡ ዝተጓዕዘ? በዓል የማነ ማንኪ’ውን ዝድርበይላ መዓልቲ ኣላቶም። ንሳቶም እውን ይፈልጥዋ ኢዮም። ግን’ከ ከመይ ጌሮም ካብታ ዝኣተውዋ ዓዘቕቲ ይውጽኡ? ሽሕኳ፡ መዋቲ ናይ ቃልሲ ታሪኹ ብገበን ዝተላዕጠጠ እንተ ዀነ፡ናይ ቀብሪ መሰሉ ብስድራ ቤቱ ውሳኔ መሰረት ክሕሎ ኣለዎ ንብል ። በወገነይ እውን ነቶም ንጹሃት በተ-ሰቡ ጽንዓት ይሃቦም እብል። ቀጺለውን ነቶም ኣብዚ ግዜ’ዚ ብረይሳ ናይዝጊ ናብ ዓዲ ክኣቱ ዘይምፈቃዱ ምኽነያት በምግባር ላዕልን-ታሕተን ዝባሉ ዘለው ከም በዓል መስከረም ዝኣመሰሉ ህግደፋውያን ልክዕ ኣለው ኣይቃወመምን። ሕቶይ ግን ነቶም በሻሓት ዝቑጸሩ ኣብ ፈቖዶ ጐዳጉዲ ዝጠፍኡ ዘለው ሃገራውያን’ከ ኣይሪእዎምን ድዮም? ስጋብ መኣስ ኢዮም፤ ኢሳያስ ዝደገፎ ክድግፉ፡ ኢሳያስ ዝጸልኦ ክጸልኡ ክብሩ? በሉ ክሕደት ኢሳያስ ኣብ ኣኣፍደገኹም በጺሓ። ኢሳያስ ንናይዘጊ’ኳ ዝኸድዖ እንታይ ትጽበዩ? ኢሳያስ ኣይኮነን’ዶ ንሂውት ዘለዎስ ንረይሳ ዝቋጻጸር ሰብ ኢዩ። ካብዚ ስርዓት’ዚ እንታይ ትጽበዩ? ስርዓት ህግደፍ ሎሚ ኣይኮነን ረይሳ ንዓዲ ምእታው ከልኪሉ። ካብ ብዙሓት ሃገራት ብዙሓት ረሳታት ኢዮም ናብ ዓዲ ምእታው ተኸልኪሎም።ንኣብነት ሓደ ኣዚዩ ዘሕዝን ታሪኽ ክገልጸልኩም። ሓደ ኤርትራዊ ዓቢ ሰብኣይ፡ ብዕድመ ዝደፈአ እሞ ከኣ ሕሙም ብመንኮርኮር ሰድያ ዝኸይድ፡ ኣብ ሮተረዳም ይነብር ነበረ።ውዱ ገለ ውዲ 18 ዓመት ይኸውን ድማ ይናብዮ ነበረ። እዚ ቆልዓ ኣብ ሆላንድ ኢዩ ተወሊዱ ዝዓበየ። እዚ ንሞት እናተቓረበ ዝኸይድ ዘሎ ሰብኣይ፡ ሽሕኳ ብእመነት እሰልምና፡ ኣብ ዝሞተካዮ ሃገር ምቕባር ልሙድ እንተ ነበረ፡ሃገሩ ኣዝዩ ይፈቱ ስለ ዝነበረ፡ኣብ ሃገሩ ንኽቕበር ታናቢዩ ነታ ዕለት ሞቱ ይጽበ ነበረ። ከምኡ’ውን እዚ ኣቦ ምስ ሞተ እቲ ዝናብዮ ዝነበረ ወዱ ሽግር ከየጋጥሞ፡ እተን ክለተ ካብ ምኢይቲ ይኹና ካሊእ፡ ብኣግኡ ይኸፍለን ነበረ። ሞት ኣይትተርፍን’ሞ፡ ሞት ኣብ ማዓልታ መጺኣ ሰብኣይ ሞተ። እቲ ወዱ ድማ ከምታ ለበዋ ኣቦኡ ናብታ ዓዱ ውሲዱ ክቐብሮ፡ ናብቲ ቆንስል ስርዓት ህግደፍ ዝርከበሉ ንደሄክ ከፍቅድ ከደ። እቲ ቆንስል ድማ ናይቲ ግብኡ ዝፈጸመ መዋቲ ዘይኮነ ዝዓጠጦ፡ ነቲ ቆልዓ ጸብጺቡ ጸባጺቡ “እዚኤን እንተዘይከፈልካ ረይሳ ኣቦኻ ዓዲ አይከኣቱን ኢዩ” በሎ። እቲ ቆልዓ ድማ ገንዘብ ስለ ዘይነበሮ ከኸፍል ኣይከኣለን።ኣብቲ ግዜ’ቲ ዝነበረ ሓዘን ናይቲ ማዋቲ ዘይኮነስ ናይቲ ስርዓት ጭካኔ ኢዩ። እሞ፡ ሰማ ዘሃገርኩም፡ ኣብ በብዓዱ ክንደይ ረይሳ ዘየተኸልከለ? Read more Read the latest articles Click here to read response of some readers to articles posted to websites Click here to read some poems posted to jeberti.com and assenna.com regarding the death of Naizgi and Isaias denies Naizgi body to be buried in Eritrea Book: Naizghi-Kiflu: Isaias Afwerki, Eritrea Naizghi Kiflu Interview on Kidane Kiflu [find more information about Kidane Kiflu] የማነ ባሪያ መን ካብ መን ይሕይሽ አብ ልዕሊ መን ክውርዚ ዕንቅርቢት ን ተመን ኩሉኻትኩም ሕንዚ ኣንታ ንዓኹምስ መን ኣሚንኩም! ሎሚ ስመር ኢልኩም ጽባሕ ብትንትን ትእትዉልና! ካብ ሻዕብያን ወያነን ብዙሕ ተማሂርና ኢና።] During the liberation struggle many innocent liberation fighters and civilians became victims of the former revolutionary leaders who are currently serving in the Eritrean government or in the Opposition. The opposition leaders of the EDA and EPDP are not innocent of crime. They like the PFDJ leaders whom they are accusing of committing crimes against the Eritrean people since 1991 are also guilty ኣብ ክንዲ ንኢሳያስ፡ “ነዊሕ ኣብ ስልጣን ጸኒሑ፡ ዲክታተር ኮይኑ፡ ቅዋም ኣይተግበረን፡ ስልጣን ንህዝቢ ምርካብ ኣብዩ፡” ወዘተ ኢሎም ዝኸሱዎ፡ መጀመርያ ንሳቶም ብሕግን ብደሞክራስን ይመርሑ፡ ስልጣን ድማ ናብ ህዝቢ የረክቡ። ድሕሪኡ ብዛዕባ ሃገር ክዛረቡን ምኽሮም ክልግሱን ምኸኣሉ። ብሰንኪ ግጉይ ኣመራርሓኦም ድማ ብዙሕ ሰብ ክውደብን ክቃለስን ጸጊሙዎ ኣሎ። ሎሚ ሃገር ሓድሽ ደም የድልያ ኣሎ። ኣዞም መንእሰያት ዝገብሩዎ ዘለዉ ምውድዳባት ቀሊል ስራሕ ኣይኮነን። ምናልባት ምስ ኵነታት ኤውሮጳ ዝጋጮ ጐነጽ ክጥቀሙ ኸለዉ ክጥንቀቑ ኣለዎም ዝብል ርእይቶ ኣለኒ። ካብኡ በለ ግን መዋእል ጀብሃን ሻዕብያን ኣብቂዑ ስለ ዝኾነ፡ ኩላቶም ብናይ ትማሊ ዝሓስቡ፡ ነይረ ጥራይ ዝብሉ ሰባት ኣብ ክንዲ ናብ ስልጣን ምምጥጣር፡ ስልጣን ነቲ ብዛዕባ መጻኢ ዕድል ሃገርን ህዝብን ዝሓስብ መንእሰይ ኣረኪቦም ከም ኣቦታት ወይ ዓበይቲ ዓዲ መጠን ኣማኸርቲ ክኾኑ ጥራይ’ዩ ዘለዎም። ሓድሽ እንጌራ ከሎ ዝዓሰወ እንጌራ ደጊም ዘድሊ ኣይመስለንን። Read more Anyone with a history of crimes during the armed struggle or after the liberation should not be eligible to stand for any office post. This should apply to opposition leaders CRIMES COMMITTED AND COLLABORATED BY THE ELF LEADERS ( 1960s & 1970s) IN MEMORY OF PRISONERS EXECUTED BY THE EPLF ( 1970s & 1980s)", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "c0a10d4075e71d0e53b7a057", "source_sha256": "0e23e128b72e07794e663658984ef8ccd294390b6bfcfa83da45a79024fc8255", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-bd1ed254be886ace519241eb", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/0", "start": 0, "end": 217 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "What is behind the scenes for" }, { "text": " ", "href": "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/behind-the-scenes" }, { "text": " the denial of Naizgi's body burial in Eritrea?" } ] }, { "id": "b-b77381c65e679ff464900696", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/0", "start": 222, "end": 633 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "nayzgi-kiflu", "href": "http://assenna.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/nayzgi-kiflu.jpg" } ] }, { "id": "b-fac604fcb6bac015145b18c4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/0", "start": 763, "end": 771 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1941-2012" } ] }, { "id": "b-2b68d1f8714a4db05e9f6630", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/6/0", "start": 780, "end": 788 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ንምውት ምቕባር\n ንሕዙን ምጽንናዕ\n ንእሱር፥ ንሕሙም ምብጻሕ\n ንዕሩቕ ምኽዳን\n ንጽሙእ ምስታይ\n ንጋሻ ምቕባል\n ንጭኑቕ ምጽንናዕ" } ] }, { "id": "b-c288d69de5da5b4724b01fb6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/8/0", "start": 906, "end": 956 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣምላኽ ዝፈትዎም ባህርያት ኢዮም። እቲ ንእዝጊሄ ዝፈርሕ ህዝቢ ኸኣ ናቱ ይገብሮም" } ] }, { "id": "b-0d425fbe05037c4a824890cb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/10/0", "start": 965, "end": 1185 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "An Eulogy Of Naizghi Kflu: A Translation", "href": "/documents/a15a762a9ce03a8148e0f572/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-7fecb0d4c1d7dee014f13b34", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/12/0", "start": 1194, "end": 1229 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Compiled by Resoum Kidane 07/03/2012" } ] }, { "id": "b-aaae1eed0a4e8fcd3717aac8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/14/0", "start": 1238, "end": 1701 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "This page has a compilation of articles, opinions, news, cartoons, poems, comments, videoclip and audio with regard to the delay in the burial of the late Ambassador of Eritrea in Russia Mr. Nayzghi Kiflu. The purpose of this document is to record the inhuman behavior of the Eritrean President Isaias Afewerki, and to show that he can do whatever he likes, even stopping the Eritrean Ambassador in London Tesfamicael Gerahtu, from going for the " }, { "text": "churchfuneral service", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " on 16th of February 2012." } ] }, { "id": "b-9fec14e9d236fec74a283599", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/16/0", "start": 1775, "end": 2153 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብዓልቲ ቤት ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ወ/ሮ ሓረጉ ንኣንባሳደር ተስፋሚካኤል ገራህቱ ብተደጋጋሚ ክትረኽቦ እኳ እንተፈተነት የለኹን ክምዘበለ ይንገር።", "href": "http://assenna.com/%E1%8B%9C%E1%8A%93-%E1%8B%95%E1%88%A8%E1%8D%8D%E1%89%B2-%E1%8A%A3%E1%89%B6-%E1%8A%93%E1%8B%AD%E1%8B%9D%E1%8C%8A-%E1%8A%AD%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8A%95-%E1%8A%A2%E1%88%B0%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%A3%E1%8B%8A/" } ] }, { "id": "b-5aada13dc3557bba0acd2f9d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/16/2", "start": 2274, "end": 2278 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ናብ ገዛ ነፍሰ ሄር ናይዝጊ ብምኻድ ዝበጽሑን፥ መንግስቲ ናይ ቀብሩ ሓላፍነት ከም ዝስከም ዝሐበሩን ሰበ-ስልጣን ኤርትራ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " [" }, { "text": "Read more", "href": "http://www.meskerem.net/nazghiKiflu.htm" }, { "text": "]" } ] }, { "id": "b-106db20b04cc067173d4dd3a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/20/1/0", "start": 2530, "end": 2828 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ ሙሉእ ዓለም ዘሎ ኤርትራዊ፡ ፕረሲደንት ኢሰያስ ኣፈወርቂ፡ ብጉዳይ ነፍሰ-ሄር ናይዘጊ ክፍሉ፡ መግለጺ/መልሲ ክህብ ይጽበዮ ኣሎ። 50 ዓመት ዝኣክል ዝተቓለሰ 2 ሜትሮ ጉድጓድ ዓደ-ኣብኡን ሃገሩን ከመይ ገይሩ ይንፈጎ ኢሉ ብኣኽብሮት ይሐትት ኣሎ። \n ትም ኣይመልስን። [source meskereme.com]" } ] }, { "id": "b-170168bcbe00749a043033fc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/20/1/5", "start": 3201, "end": 3205 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "source: Jeberti.com", "href": "http://www.jeberti.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3441:2012-03-03-18-58-55&catid=58:tigrina&Itemid=103" } ] }, { "id": "b-43e41598eb846aed3db8dd41", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/24/0", "start": 3462, "end": 3773 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "[Video] Voice Of Eritrea is conducting an interview with Mr. Kidane Hagos from Canada, \n Mr. Merid Zeru from Netherlands, and Mr. Bereket Yohannes from Manitoba", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nHLdZQb3_s&feature=player_embedded#!" }, { "text": "." } ] }, { "id": "b-675db7344110f24884fe7926", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/26/0", "start": 3784, "end": 3905 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/5c992268ea75e05c76852b65b95206f325c94b3293fccbe3f3cdf95ad230e003.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-8ba9d5256c1a94a44f19d058", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/28/0", "start": 3914, "end": 4803 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Niazghi Kiflu who was a close friend and right hand man of Isaias Afewerki died on the 6th February 2012. On the day of his death government officials, Mr. Yemane Ghebreab, Tesfamicael Gerahtu, and Mr. Osman Saleh, Minister of Foreign Affairs, informed the family that his body will be taken to Eritrea to receive a martyr’s burial ceremony. Despite this promise, it is more than a month since Niazghi died but his body is still not buried due to the Eritrea embassy in London failing to issue the required documentation for it to be flown to Eretria. When the Eritrean Embassy was asked to provide a reason for the delay by the PFDJ’s supporters, meskerm net website, and VOA staff, the only answer were that they are still waiting to hear from the Eritrean President. This was a shock for everyone even for the PFDJ supporters. ከመይ ዝበለ ክብደት ዘለዎ ጉዳይ ስለ ዝኾነ እዩ?" } ] }, { "id": "b-f745f77352246a621a029e2a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/29", "start": 4808, "end": 5099 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ካብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝን ካብ ውሽጢ ሃገርን ዝነፍስ ዘሎ ርጥብ ዝበለ ወረ፡ ጉዳይ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ናብ ፕረሲደነት ኢሰያስ ከም ዝተሰጋገረን፡ ዋላ'ውን ንገዛእ ርእሱ ኤምባሲ ኤርትራ ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ፡ ውሳኔ ናይ ፕረሲደንት ኢሰያስ ይጽበ ከም ዘሎ ይሕበር። ካሳብ ውሳኔ ፕረሲደንት ሃገር ኤርትራ ዘድልዮ ድኣ፡ ከመይ ዝበለ ክብደት ዘለዎ ጉዳይ ስለ ዝኾነ እዩ ዝብሉ ናብ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ቅርበት ዘለዎም ዜጋታት ትሒም-ትሒም ይብሉ ከም ዘለዉ ይፍለጥ" } ] }, { "id": "b-927234a27341b18ec0eb6804", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/32/0", "start": 5111, "end": 5678 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "This has raised a serious question why the Eritrean President, Isaias Afewerki refuses to allow the Niazgi body to be buried in Eritrea? According to some sources the current crisis over the burial might have arisen because the deceased’s the good relations with Afewerki had deteriorated over the past few years. Additionally, a rumor circulating in London states that Niazgi left a written testimony of some 200 pages. If this true, all secrets of Isaias Afewerki will be revealed in the near future. This piece of information was posted on " }, { "text": "http://erigazette.org/?p=1723", "href": "http://erigazette.org/?p=1723" }, { "text": " Lekatit says that it makes sense to suppose that there is something happening behind the curtain. And I believe it is an expose, The dictator is trying to damage the reputation of Nizghi" } ] }, { "id": "b-54275c33ac53c28bd1c2e0c7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/33/0", "start": 6023, "end": 6103 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Read the full information which is written in Tigrigna : Lekatit says:" } ] }, { "id": "b-5bc3217d032904200f1be16c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/33/1/0", "start": 6107, "end": 6246 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ካብ ከባቢ ለንደን ዝነፍስ ዘሎ ናይ እሙናት ምንጭታት ሓበሬታ ከምዝሕብሮ: ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ካብ ኢሳያስ ኣፈወርቂ ደስኪሉን ተቐያይሙን ክፍለ ከሎ: “ሓዊ ተፊኡ” ካብዛ ዓለም ከም ዝፍለ ብጋህዲ ኣፍሊጡ ኔሩ እዩ።\n እቶም እሙናት ምንጭታት ከም ዝሓበርዎ: ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ንገድሊ ኤርትራ ብዓይኒ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ዘዘንትው 200 ገጻት ዝሓዘ: ናይ ኑዛዜ ይኹን: ናይ ታሪኽ ሰነድ ዛጊት ዘይተፈልጠ: ብኢዱ ኣብ ለንደን ኣብ ዝነበረሉ እተጻሕፈ ከምዘሎ ተፈሊጡ ኣሎ።\n እዛ ሰነድ እዚኣ: ብክልተ ቅዳሕ ጥራይ ተራቢሓ: ንክልተ እሙናት መተዓቢቱ ይኹኑ ወይ መቕርቡ ዘይተፈልጠ: ኣብ ዕሹግ ቡስጣ ተዋሂባ ኣላ።\n እታ ቡስጣ ናይዝጊ ምስ ሞተ ድሕሪ ክልተ ዓመት ክትከፈትን: ኣድላዪ እንተኾይኑ ድማ ብወረቐት ክትሕተም ወይ ድማ ብኢንተርነት ክትዝርጋሕ ለበዋ ከም ዘለዋ የረድኡ።\n ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ብኢሳያስ ደስኪሉን ተነጺጉን: ብዘይ ሓደ ቁጠባዊ ወይ ሞራላዊ ሓገዝ ካብ ኢሳያስ ይኹን ካብ ህግደፍ ብምፍላዩ: ብዙሕ ከም ተባሳጨወ: ብዙሓት ትሒም ትሒም እናበሉ ዝሕብርዎ እዩ። ናይዝጊ ግና ሕኒሕነ ናይ ዝኹሉ “ሓዊ ኣጒድሎም” ከምዝኸይድ ህግደፍ ውን ይፈልጥ እዩ። እታ ንኢሳያስ ካብ ለንደን ብሰበሰብ ዝበጽሓቶ: ናይ ናይዝጊ ቃል “ንዓይሲ ከም ኮንዶም?” እትብል እያ።\n እቲ ቐንዲ ሕቶ: ምስጢር” ኑዛዜ ናይዝጊ” እንታይ ኮን እያ ቋጺራ [source : Published on " }, { "text": "http://erigazette.org/?p=1723", "href": "http://erigazette.org/?p=1723" } ] }, { "id": "b-a56f57e8e736dca741c2cbaa", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/33/3/0", "start": 7107, "end": 7223 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እቲ ዘገርም ኣቶ ኢሳያስ ብዛዕባ “ኑዛዜ ናይዝጊ” ከመይ ኣቢሉ በጽሖ። ትሕዝቶ መጽሃፈ “ኑዛዜ ናይዝጊ” ኸ እንታይ ይኸውን? ዝብል እዩ።Lekatit says\n It makes sense, there is something that is happening behind the curtain, And I believe it is an expose, The dictator is trying to damage the reputation of Nizghi" } ] }, { "id": "b-8095c7574ca976327f147120", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/2/0", "start": 7867, "end": 8006 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "[External image reference]", "href": "http://assenna.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Knana_Isu1-150x150.jpg" } ] }, { "id": "b-c99a5bfd8af661cb239e5aed", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/4/2", "start": 8164, "end": 8437 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "Listen to Mesfen Hgos interview with the ", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AsPQB40pgs&feature=related%22" }, { "text": "Voice of America", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AsPQB40pgs&feature=related%22", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " on ", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AsPQB40pgs&feature=related%22" }, { "text": "Naizghi", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AsPQB40pgs&feature=related%22", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "-", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AsPQB40pgs&feature=related%22" }, { "text": "Kiflu", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AsPQB40pgs&feature=related%22", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " Death and Burial Controversy", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AsPQB40pgs&feature=related%22" } ] }, { "id": "b-05345e86c9da5610e9403724", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/6/0", "start": 8464, "end": 8799 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mesfen Hgos in his interview with the Voice of America said that he couldn’t remember any departments or units where Naizghi was working after 1974. This could raise a question as to why Mesfin Hogos who was in the leadership of the EPLF from 1971 to 1987, intentionally refused to publicise where Naizghi was working after 1974 " }, { "text": "[find more information]", "href": "/documents/f1e1fcd7239d5215425dccb7/" }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "Without any doubt, I am definitely sure that most veteran fighters who joined the EPLF before 1976, still remember that Naizghi was working in the security department in 1974 and with the logistics department from late 1975 to the early 1977.", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-929a1097728bcb60698faedf", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/8/0", "start": 9320, "end": 9337 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "After Naizghi was " }, { "text": "elected to the Central Committee at ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "the first EPLF Organisational congress" }, { "text": " in 1977, ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "he started working in various capacities within foreign affairs outside Eritrea until independence." } ] }, { "id": "b-2c6d684688412f52c553a76a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/9/0", "start": 9563, "end": 9830 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "It is worthwhile to look briefly who was working in the EPLF security department from the time of the Menka ringleaders’ imprisonment until the late 1980s. [For more information on prisoners and prisons of the EPLF please check thishttp://www.ehrea.org/whoaret.php]" } ] }, { "id": "b-6bf1a723d7cd671d939dc652", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11", "start": 9842, "end": 30399 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-4b5a3ff3608f467a037ef66a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/1/0", "start": 9859, "end": 10044 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Naizghi was working in the security department as interrogator with others being Ash-al wedi Zere, and Haile Jebha during the imprisonment of Menka ringleader in 1974. According to " }, { "text": "Welde Mariam", "href": "/documents/8bc9b2ea2f21742af4504840/" }, { "text": " the head of interrogators was Welde Mikel Haile who said that the ringleaders of the Menka movement made military discipline mistakes but had not committed crimes and decided to close the case. Isayas was not there but Selomon was . Because they did not want to accept this decision, Mesfin Hagos, Selomon and Ali Said said they did not need the present interrogators and put up a new committee." }, { "text": "Read full story", "href": "/documents/8bc9b2ea2f21742af4504840/" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-54ea04130fc2a80f2572fe73", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/3/0", "start": 10713, "end": 11008 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1974 Welde Mikel was demoted from head of 'TseTeta' now called 'Halewa Sewra' and made haili leader and sent to Zager. He was killed shortly after the victory of Segeneti by an unidentified gunman at Segeneti, his birth place. When this occurred there was a radio message in this code \" " }, { "text": "Itia Abai Lham Ab Mereta Wediqa", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "\", meaning that the great leader rest on his land\".This is also confirmed from other sources " }, { "text": "መደባትና፡ ነቲ ኪንዮ ጸሊም ራዕዲ ዘሎ ደበና፡ ምቕንጣጥ ኢዩ!!! - 4ይ ", "href": "/documents/d01602c8b45a37b1b732eedb/" }, { "text": "ክፋ 2008 \"መልእኽቲ ሚስጢር (ኮድ) ኦፕረይትተር ንኩነታት መቕተልቲ ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለ ኣብ ኩናት ምሕራር ሰገነይቲ ንኣብነት፡ “እታ ላም ኣብ ዓደ ኣቦኣ ተሓሪዳ” ኢዩ ዝብል ነይሩ።" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-881f35306fdd7bd352dd7e58", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/5/0", "start": 11428, "end": 11542 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Welde Mariam", "href": "/documents/8bc9b2ea2f21742af4504840/" }, { "text": " states that the Menkae ringleaders were executed in Bliquat in 1975, and a head guard stationed in the execution is still alive.(" }, { "text": "Source Welde Mariam on Menkae", "href": "/documents/8bc9b2ea2f21742af4504840/" }, { "text": " \n Adhanom Fitwi adds that the Menkae ringleaders were executed in 1975. This was after a military court imposed the death penalty for Menka ringleader: Musie, Yohannes, Tareke, Afworki, Teklu and others. Mesfin Hagos was among the members of the military court responsible for the death of the Menka ringleaders in 1975. [Read ful" }, { "text": "l story from Memories of Menkae and After:", "href": "/documents/00ece980cd13d605dcdda4e3/" }, { "text": "Adhanom Fitwi ", "href": "/documents/00ece980cd13d605dcdda4e3/", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "[Read ful" }, { "text": "l story from Memories of Menkae and After:Adhanom Fitwi", "href": "/documents/00ece980cd13d605dcdda4e3/" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-dca069a9d1c7152472696125", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/7/0", "start": 12943, "end": 13479 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In 1975 and 1976 Solomon Wolde Mariam was the head of Halewa Sewra when many innocent fighters including Menka group became his victims. According Solomon a large number of people were killed during his leadership and the as head of Halewa . He added, that around one thousand fighters who participated in the Menka movement were rehabilitated after undergoing serious political indoctrination and self-criticism ( Mengiseab,49:2005). When he was asked regarding this and about them by the public at the meeting in Keren in 1978, " }, { "text": "he admitted that all of them were innocents", "href": "/documents/51bd6560e1570a3fdbef9840/" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-0eb476dbe417ed25d6fb6b51", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/9/0", "start": 13643, "end": 13810 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In 1977 Solomon was no longer the head of the EPLF security department. He had been replaced by Ali Said. who became the head of security from then on until 198? (" }, { "text": "Halewa Sewra)", "href": "/documents/5c6d5781439d76b695c3914d/" }, { "text": ". According to Teklay Aden the security department killed no less than 3,000 persons from 1973 to 1980 (" }, { "text": "Halewa Sewra)", "href": "/documents/5c6d5781439d76b695c3914d/" }, { "text": "." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-7b67d63317322305f5d3a8e2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/11/0", "start": 14160, "end": 14226 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "From 1977 to 1987 Ali Said was the Head of security department (" }, { "text": "Halewa Sewra)", "href": "/documents/5c6d5781439d76b695c3914d/" }, { "text": " According to Teklay Aden the security department killed no less than 3,000 persons from 1973 to 1980. Find more information." } ] }, { "id": "b-a2b2ac159837c961d7fd6a3e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/11/5/0", "start": 14485, "end": 14635 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "When looking back at the history of the individuals who worked in the Halewa Sewra, most of them were killed or found dead. To mention a few of them:" } ] }, { "id": "b-500d49f5279c64b42ff872de", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/11/7", "start": 14651, "end": 16717 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-dbc9c9aa2a7cbe9f39cb637a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/11/7/1/0", "start": 14672, "end": 14781 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Welde Mikel", "href": "/documents/d01602c8b45a37b1b732eedb/" }, { "text": " who was the '" }, { "text": "TseTeta'", "href": "/documents/ab2944d911e84dd4c663c6a7/" }, { "text": " now called" }, { "text": "'Halewa Sewra", "href": "/documents/d921b119d409f2d05828045a/" }, { "text": "'was killed shortly after the victory of Segeneti by an unidentified gunman;" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-4d662eaecace40f8749ef76d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/11/7/3/0", "start": 15133, "end": 15249 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ash-al wedi Zere", "href": "/documents/0f566634bea4d4337741294c/" }, { "text": ", and " }, { "text": "Haile Jebha", "href": "/documents/9314b50c7face6498929f752/" }, { "text": " who were interrogators during the Menka movement and after, both of them perished. Haile Jebha was executed in 1980 being part of " }, { "text": "Yemen movement", "href": "/documents/2b88950ec3a803bbacc181b7/" }, { "text": "; Ash-al wedi Zere who served under Haile Jebha in the Halewa Sewra for many years and witnessed the death of the revolutionaries of 1973 was also reported to have been found dead; he probably committed suicide. This was after his boss Haile Jebha was liquidated as Yemin or rightist." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-62846e8f5b1f264585a2ce3d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/11/7/5/0", "start": 15941, "end": 16063 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Solomon Wolde Mariam ", "href": "/documents/9314b50c7face6498929f752/" }, { "text": "who was the head of " }, { "text": "Halewa Sewra", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " from 1974 until 1977 was also executed in 1980." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-810cd21161d0ae82892eb8a3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/11/7/7/0", "start": 16180, "end": 16318 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ali Said ", "href": "http://www.eritreadaily.net/News0705/article200508281.htm" }, { "text": "who was the head of " }, { "text": "Halewa Sewra", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " was also founded dead in 2005." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-65920dccbbd58be866dae251", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/11/7/9/0", "start": 16415, "end": 16493 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Naizgi died on 6th of Feb and his body is not yet flow to Eritrea for burial" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-e4415756d3c44e460beb96ef", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/11/7/11/0", "start": 16516, "end": 16566 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The person who knows more secrets than anyone is " }, { "text": "Mesfin Hagos.", "href": "/documents/6c7ba9efd47d710233398174/" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-ded338c542c67fe04cbae253", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/11/9/0", "start": 16733, "end": 17060 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "According Meharena Hadgu, Mesfin Hagos was one of the top leaders and nothing is done without their approval. Isayas was the chairman, others being Mesfin, Selomon, Tewelde Eyob who was later killed being part of Menka, and Asmerom Gerezghier. 6-7 committee members were elected, and those like Mesfin were top leaders [" }, { "text": "Read more]", "href": "/documents/97d3eaa0095ddcab1ad60e1b/" }, { "text": "." } ] }, { "id": "b-17aec70908bd41510e420475", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/11/11/0", "start": 17196, "end": 17379 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Is it because of this, that Mesfin Hagos preferred to keep silent in public? In his interview with the VOA he said that he could not remember where Naizgi was working after 1974." } ] }, { "id": "b-97c8dd5accd5d6d296516f27", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/11/13/0", "start": 17398, "end": 17599 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Regarding this, Meharena Hadgu states that Mesfin Hagos was from the leadership and the present situation makes him afraid of retribution. The charging committee was under the top leadership like of " }, { "text": "Mesfin", "href": "/documents/6ed85f100fc2ae74431ed0a4/" }, { "text": ", Isayas and Romadan. Mesfin is probably afraid that he will be asked to account for the injustices he had helped to perpetrate" }, { "text": ".", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "(Read more(Read more", "href": "/documents/97d3eaa0095ddcab1ad60e1b/" }, { "text": ")" } ] }, { "id": "b-99e04724c08c2d3f221a7cfd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/11/15/0", "start": 18008, "end": 18463 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "መስፍን ሓጎስ ኩሉግዜ ተሓላቓይ ናይ ኢሳያስ ኮይኑ፣ ነቲ ኢሳያስ ዝፍጽሞ ገበናት እናሸፈነ ክነብር ዝደሊ ሓላፍነት ዘይስመዖ ውልቀሰብ እዩ። ብቐሊሉ ዘኽፈኣሉ ዘጸብቐሉን ዘይፈልጥ ምዃኑ ዝሕብረካ ብዛዕባ ‘መንካዕ’ ተሓቲቱ ክምልሽ ከሎ፡ “ግቡእ መቕጻዕቶም እዮም ረኺቦም” በለ። እቲ ሕቶ ‘መንካዕ’ ኢሎም ይጸዉዑ እምበር ብኻልእ ኣዘራርባ እቶም ኣብ ቤት ፍርዲ ከይቀረቡ ገበኖም ከይተፈልጠን ከይተመርመረን ብዘይ ሓንቲ ክንዲ ጽፍሪ ትኸውን ቅንጣብ ጌጋ ከይተረኽቦም ብሓሶት ኣልዕል ኣቢልካ ስሞም ብምጽላም ዝቕተሉ ዝነበሩ ዘጠቓልል ሕቶ እዩ ተሓቲቱ። ነቲ ጉዳይ መንካዕ ብከመይ ትገልጾ ተባሂሉ ንዝቐረበሉ ሕቶ፡ ግቡእ መቕጻዕቶም እዮም ረኺቦም ኢሉ ዝሃቦ ብዱዕ መልሲ ኩሉ እዩ ሰሚዑዎ። መሊሱ መቕጻእቲ ዝበሃልexcrept from" }, { "text": "ወፍሮም ንገዘኦም ዘይተመልሱ (ሳልሳይን ናይ መወዳእታን ክፋል)", "href": "/documents/f6756470348777cc52b26941/" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-55f4d033249d41d1e6b8eb79", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/15/1", "start": 18693, "end": 19030 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "Adhanom Gebremariam On Naizghi Kflu", "href": "http://awate.com/adhanom-gebremariam-on-naizghi-kflu/" }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "Read more", "href": "/documents/1953ea7debac208a7fec34a6/" } ] }, { "id": "b-d9dc937fe927e21194087eb7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/15/3/0", "start": 19047, "end": 19047 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "June 13, 2012", "href": "http://awate.com/adhanom-gebremariam-on-naizghi-kflu/" }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "Semere T Habtemariam", "href": "http://awate.com/author/sth/" } ] }, { "id": "b-d1da2c182c865c33cb0530a6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/15/5/0", "start": 19390, "end": 19425 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ambassador Adhanom:", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " Do all people prove their innocence in a court of law? It is only the accused who does so in a court of law. What we have here is hearsay. First, in any situation, as the saying goes, you want to be told by those with first-hand knowledge. We need to insist on testimony from people with first-hand knowledge; otherwise, it will be hearsay and this hearsay is being taken as truth by particularly our diaspora communities. Let me tell you the truth: the alleged crimes of Naizghi are those that supposedly took place in “meda.” Naizghi has nothing—not even an iota—to do with the killing of those that are commonly referred to as “Menka’a, Yemin or yemenawyan” by the EPLF. On the other hand, Naizghi was head of EPLF’s economics department between 1975 and 1976. When in 1977, Naizghi was assigned to be Ali Said’s deputy in the Revolutionary Guard, he found out that the department eerily resembled a Hitler-like and Stalinist agency and refused to take the post and courageously challenged the institution. Naizghi was the first and last, in EPLF’s history who rejected and challengedsuch an institution." } ] }, { "id": "b-3a8655cfe3e0672aa54cca2e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/15/7/0", "start": 20582, "end": 21536 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tegadalay Mesih Reesom was the one who showed my comrades, Beraki, Berhane Gebrezgabier, even Sebhat Efrem who is currently serving the regime and I the way (to join) to Freedom Party (Selfi Nezanet). Mesih was condemned as “menka’a” and killed. He was a close relative to Naizghi on his father’s side. Naizghi was always sorrowful by the liquidation of Mesih. I tell you this based on what I know! Beside this, Debessay Gebreselassi and Naizghi grew up and went to school together. These two were members of Mahber Shewate and Amare Gebremariam has written about this on the web. Amare mentioned Andemicael Kahsai as their third member and the trios were responsible for organizing the youth of Mendefera and enlisting them in Mahber Shewate. Debessay Gebreselassie was also condemned as menkae and killed. Naizghi grieved all his life by the death of Debassay. I could have spoken a lot about Andemicael, Naizghi and Debessay." } ] }, { "id": "b-9c52e8b0b2064c9f9948f5cc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/15/9/0", "start": 21555, "end": 21852 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In addition, those that were condemned and killed as Yemin such as Mehari Girmazion and Eyob Gebreluul were close friends of Naizghi. Close comrades of Naizghi. Both men were educated in the former Soviet Union and joined the “meda” from there. Naizghi grieved all his life by their death." } ] }, { "id": "b-6bacc6306f804a0e61b786fd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/15/11/0", "start": 21871, "end": 22871 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Let me tell you by tying all of this together. All these people I mentioned: Naizghi, Mehari and Eyob Gebreluul were all educated in the former SovietUnion. In late seventies (1970s), after completing his education in the former Soviet Union, Naizghi went to America and played a leading role in the formation of the Eritrean Students in North America. ESNA was a powerful organization and Naizghi was its founder. On his way to Addis Abeba, Eyob Gebreluul met Woldeab Woldemariam in Cairo and after acquiring a thorough understanding of the situation started to organize few people in Addis Abeba. One of the people he enlisted was Temesgen Haile who was martyred in 1973 at Addis Abeba prison. One of the group’s members was also Mesih. Mesih was a cousin of Naizghi and Eyob was able to meet him on the basis of the information Naizghi had provided. These are the people that, in turn, organized us. Finally, these are also the people that started “Tihisa”, the magazine." } ] }, { "id": "b-0d4ff2532aa45df47b860625", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/15/13/0", "start": 22890, "end": 23425 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mehari Girmazion stayed in Europe. He played a critical role in persuading the Eritrean students in Europe to join the Peoples Forces. He was a formidable fighter. Due to the death of Mesih, Eyob, Debessay and Mehari, Naizghi had always felt that his half self was buried under ground. He had a heavy heart (wounded heart) but, since, like most of us, what inspired him was the question of independence, he had to patiently and steadfastly struggle till we realized our independence. Therefore, this is how I know Naizghi." } ] }, { "id": "b-c9cd9e589cbd9d8f737ef0d1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/15/15/0", "start": 23444, "end": 24340 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He is rumored to play a role in the case of G15. Be as it may be, he has no role in G15 what-so-ever. Those who played a role are different people: they used to meet with us but we didn’t know how they came to join us. Allegations have been made online of how Naizghi, after independence, made it possible for several people to be killed and jailed in Adi Khwala. But, I was in Mendefera during this time. There was a committee that was established in Asmera and Naizghi was not the sole actor. The committee was the one that made the decision to convict them. The committee was made of several people and Naizghi cannot be held responsible severally. All the defendants (the accused) were former members of the Ethiopian junta. We can all have differing views on whether the accused should have been convicted this way but Naizghi should not be held responsible severally." } ] }, { "id": "b-4f39c980949e6caa69b15277", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/15/17/0", "start": 24359, "end": 24795 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "What grieves me a little is that Naizghi was the Minister of Information when the journalists who are dying in Era-ero were arrested. I’ve received claims that he had a role in their arrest and imprisonment. I’ve serious reservations. Whether the claims are true or not, Naizghi should have remained true to himself and his record of struggle and resigned in protest or disassociated himself from the regime. This is my view." } ] }, { "id": "b-a94a367a1c7b82ee52c5ac13", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/15/19/0", "start": 24814, "end": 25098 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "But to let the people who actually committed the crimes freely roam the streets; those who killed during our armed struggle and make Naizghi the scapegoat is tantamount to exonerating them or giving them impunity and defaming Naizghi for something that he had nothing to do with." } ] }, { "id": "b-746e7cb8bde4555f7289b23a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/15/21/0", "start": 25117, "end": 25897 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "If it’s about Menka’e, let me tell you this: whether the secret party has a role or not or whether it was conducted in that way or not, the secret party was in charge of the front. Naizghi was not a member of the secret party. There was a judicial committee that was responsible to render a judgment on the Menka’e case and it was established by the leadership. And it was the leadership that eventually made the decision. The judicial committee was led by Ibrahim Affa. Naizghi had no role what-so-ever during this time. Its true Naizghi had a good relationship with Isaias and Isaias has done him good. Isaias assigned Naizghi to North America. The money that was coming from North America was only going to the Second Group and Isaias was the only recipient." } ] }, { "id": "b-2dd86be69ba63c9bb371d806", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/15/23/0", "start": 25916, "end": 26747 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Whether it is for this reason or not, Naizghi refused to serve at the Revolutionary Guard. By refusing to serve at the Revolutionary Guard that he characterized as Gestapo, Naizghi would have put himself in grave danger had it not been for Isaias’ intervention. Isaias rescued Naizghi by sending him to Algeria to be the front’s representative. Algeria was a semi prison for there was no need or work for Naizghi to be there. Naizghi has been serving as the head of economics department when he was sent away to Algeria. It was not only Naizghi that was rescued by Isaias but also a certain Tewelde Wediflansa who was facing grave danger under the Revolutionary Guard. If we don’t present history accurately, then, the youth generation would have a corrupted view of history. This is what I know about Naizghi." } ] }, { "id": "b-066b5e8450f6dd12491693ad", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/15/25/0", "start": 26766, "end": 26844 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Whatever the case might be, Naizghi has the right to be buried in his homeland." } ] }, { "id": "b-46099dcd7e58692d67cb51f8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/15/27/0", "start": 26863, "end": 27593 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In the spirit of honesty, let me also tell you that Naizghi had a bad habit; a foul mouth and called everyone son-of-a-bitch. If Naizghi likes you, he would call you son-of-his-sister, Shar (nephew). His mother got blind and when he comes home, he would shout,”hey, Imuna the blind, you’ve not lost your hearing. Because of your deeds, God made you blind and so forth,” and this is how he spent (jokingly) his time with her. His mother would miss him dearly even if he is late for few minutes. One day, while I was in Mendefera, she called to ask me about Naizghi because he was running late. I told her that she has nothing to miss but his insults and she responded that is what she misses the most about him." } ] }, { "id": "b-2ae54382307493f0de57a0bd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/15/29/0", "start": 27612, "end": 28367 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As a person, Naizghi was not cruel. Sometimes, his foul mouth would say stuff that you would not expect from a child. Let me tell you; I was in Mendefera. The elders of Mendefera remember two people. There were many elders who are fondly remembered such as memhr Sa’ire and others, but the one that is remembered for his wisdom and reconciliatory spirit was no other than the principal of San Giorgio School, memhr Hussein. Naizghi had a reputation as a trouble-maker in Mendefera but people liked him. This is what I know about Naizghi. Therefore, whether it is this or that, as I previously told you, he has the right to be buried in his homeland. This kind of action that is being taken by Isaias is morally and legally unacceptable." } ] }, { "id": "b-6eee32e4e721faf65c0f78e1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/15/31/0", "start": 28386, "end": 28414 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Radio Erena:", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " Okay, Adhanom.You’ve raised an important issue while responding to my queries. For example, you’ve stated that when Naizghi refused to serve at the Revolutionary Guard, it was Isaias that came to his rescue. In addition, you’ve also bore a testimony that Isaias was the one who rescued Tewelde Wediflansa when he was placed under the Revolutionary Guard. Many people say that the Eritrean revolution or the Peoples’ Front and particularly after thesecession from the ELF and the formation of the EPLF, the current President of Eritrea, Isaias Afwerki, or the then Secretary General of the EPLF was always in full and total control of the organization and free to do what he pleases. This is what many people believe and understand. Now, when Naizghi refused to serve at the Revolutionary Guard, it could only mean that he was refusing Isaias.Personally, I feel giving due credit and to truthfully bear witness is, is a courageous thing and one that needs to be promoted. But this raises eye-brows. I find it puzzling of how the system would allow Isaias to rescue Naizghi and Wediflansa then and produce a tyrant that seems to be devoid of any humanity now. How do you explain this?" } ] }, { "id": "b-2da47259606c22f1dc3b7a2e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/2/3/11/15/33/0", "start": 29650, "end": 29684 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ambassador Adhanom", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ": This is what we need to know; one that needs to be studied in depth. Those who know must speak up. First, what makes Peoples Front, Peoples Front, and its good and bad aspects is the party. It is the party that was in charge. For example, I was involved in the military operations and might have led into some victories but always under the specific orders of the leadership. Those that plan our strategies were the top leaders who founded the party. It was Isaias and associates. They were the ones who were leading." } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-74ffbe276cdd1f5dad94dbca", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/0/0", "start": 30464, "end": 30468 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "This compilation is " }, { "text": "divided", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " into " }, { "text": "the following sections", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": ":" } ] }, { "id": "b-4802b072c412cbc6ba7f80e3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/2/0", "start": 30579, "end": 30724 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1.Articles and News", "href": "/documents/c0a10d4075e71d0e53b7a057/#source-top", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-cc9173f9ba8527d44b86a081", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/4/0", "start": 30739, "end": 30755 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "2.Opinions and Comments", "href": "/documents/ae590c6d84419315346fef46/" } ] }, { "id": "b-8438c22131c7abb714000a59", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/6/0", "start": 30893, "end": 31000 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "3.Poems", "href": "/documents/43a90418a74f919ebfc16606/" } ] }, { "id": "b-91695d966facb937ff3de718", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/8/0", "start": 31015, "end": 31163 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "4 Naizghi Kiflu ", "href": "/documents/3b6c1732cbadfc33092932c8/" }, { "text": "Interview", "href": "/documents/3b6c1732cbadfc33092932c8/", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " on Kidane Kiflu", "href": "/documents/3b6c1732cbadfc33092932c8/" } ] }, { "id": "b-1735d3992bfd8e59561cea4d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/9/0", "start": 31184, "end": 31212 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "[find more information about " }, { "text": "Kidane Kiflu", "href": "/documents/9904911a6bf219ed5a114b5c/" }, { "text": "]" } ] }, { "id": "b-8de2775f09c898a2ad5c9cd9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/11/0", "start": 31341, "end": 31342 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "5." }, { "text": "Read the latest articles", "href": "/documents/10c10091bd0145a222a93b9e/", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-c0c918c6fc23610ef6a9814c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/15/0", "start": 31504, "end": 31648 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ናይ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ናይ ዜና ማዕከናት፡ ከምኡ እውን ከም ደግፍቲ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ዝፍለጣ ወበሳይታት፡ ፓል-ቶካት፡ ብጉዳይ ነፍሰ-ሄር ናይዝጊ ዛጊት ሓበሬታ/ዜና ኣየቕረባን ተባሂለን ይሕመያ ኣለዋ [source" }, { "text": " meskerem.net", "href": "http://www.meskerem.net/" } ] }, { "id": "b-54f6d02cc652bf2cb24e541a", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/17/1/0", "start": 32148, "end": 32269 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/d3d3dd86e334c67bbbbe964aecb4d054c9fa63bf0d7398aa411250c7af703703.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [], "href": "http://awate.com/naizghi-kiflu-to-be-buried-in-asmara/" }, { "id": "b-0ebe2112d75b407f2cf5e90e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/21/0", "start": 32301, "end": 32301 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1.Articles and News" } ] }, { "id": "b-da8b588b9f4e06d07636fa90", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/23/0", "start": 32807, "end": 33026 }, "anchors": [ "source-top" ], "content": [ { "text": "Naizghi Kiflu To Be Buried In Asmara", "href": "http://awate.com/naizghi-kiflu-to-be-buried-in-asmara/" } ] }, { "id": "b-695d82eeadaeecbc369bfe8f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/25/0", "start": 33043, "end": 33104 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "source http://awate.com/naizghi-kiflu-to-be-buried-in-asmara/" } ] }, { "id": "b-cddba34e537f3c7916b61578", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/27/0", "start": 33123, "end": 33133 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Posted on " }, { "text": "February 14, 2012", "href": "http://awate.com/naizghi-kiflu-to-be-buried-in-asmara/" }, { "text": " by " }, { "text": "Gedab News", "href": "http://awate.com/author/gedab/" } ] }, { "id": "b-1369744b5b47d991817a9e94", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/29/0", "start": 33463, "end": 33697 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The body of Naizghi Kiflu, a one-time senior security official of Eritrea’s ruling party, PFDJ, and its precursor in the independence war, EPLF, will be flown to Eritrea this week for burial in Asmara. Naizghi Kiflu died in the United Kingdom earlier this month." } ] }, { "id": "b-b5f141e826ee7f29d3c58aa5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/31/0", "start": 33769, "end": 33836 }, "anchors": [ "source-IL_AD8" ], "content": [ { "text": "The death of Naizghi Kiflu was not mentioned in any of the Eritrean government media almost ten days after his death in London where he had been receiving medical treatment for almost six-years." } ] }, { "id": "b-d97b8173ea9373af2f9f7729", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/33/0", "start": 34051, "end": 34130 }, "anchors": [ "source-IL_AD11", "source-IL_AD3", "source-IL_AD2" ], "content": [ { "text": "In 2005, Naizghi arrived to London with the understanding of becoming Eritrea’s ambassador to the UK. However, insiders believe that his credentials were rejected by the UK and he stayed there for sometime until he became sick and suffered from a host of ailments including kidney failure. Since then, he had been on dialysis and his health steadily deteriorated." } ] }, { "id": "b-f696cd6e9d41d4e0bc0a72da", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/35/0", "start": 34505, "end": 34728 }, "anchors": [ "source-IL_AD7", "source-IL_AD5", "source-IL_AD4" ], "content": [ { "text": "When his family took him to Eritrea two years ago, he was often going through memory lapses and couldn’t remember people who were close to him. People who visited him believed he was suffering from Alzheimer’s disease." } ] }, { "id": "b-5c315a120cf0eb8c86cbef64", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/37/0", "start": 34741, "end": 34871 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He told many of his visitors that, “everyone of my comrades visited me except the Pharaoh” referring to President Isaias Afwerki." } ] }, { "id": "b-3fef350b5eb8219b6a92aad4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/39/0", "start": 34884, "end": 35017 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "When Isaias Afwerki heard of this, he ordered Naizghi’s family to take him back to England to die in peace instead of dying in jail." } ] }, { "id": "b-831f55be052db4fbd583facf", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/41/0", "start": 35030, "end": 35125 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Naizghi was flown back to London and stayed there in critical condition until he died last week." } ] }, { "id": "b-197684bde4fd720016a7feb7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/43/0", "start": 35138, "end": 35329 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Naizghi Kiflu is a veteran of the armed struggle and has served as security chief, ambassador to Russia, deputy Interior Minister and Minister of Information under the Isaias regime. In 2008, " }, { "text": "Eritrean human rights activist Elsa Chyrum", "href": "/documents/0d517e281e827b417cc5063b/" }, { "text": ", with the help of British NGO Redress, attempted to develop a case against him for committing “crimes against humanity” for his role as Deputy Revolutionary Guard (“Halewa Sewra”), deputy to the Interior Minister (Ministry of Local Government) in the early 1990s, as well as for his role as a Minister of Information in 2001 when he ordered the arrest and exile of Eritrea’s journalists and, eventually, the crackdown against non-sanctioned churches. British prosecutors interviewed several Eritrean victims in Europe but the case was never brought to trial." } ] }, { "id": "b-21bfc065ac99769c5ca65a15", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/47", "start": 36140, "end": 36399 }, "anchors": [ "source-IL_AD10", "source-IL_AD6", "source-IL_AD1" ], "level": 4, "content": [ { "text": "History will judge Naizghi but his right, as a right of any Eritrean, to be buried in Eritrea and the land of his/her ancestors is sacrosanct that should not be tampered with, not even by a head of a state [ http://www.meskerem.net/]" } ] }, { "id": "b-06aa2e2cfe5bbd1c10285e41", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/49", "start": 36405, "end": 36447 }, "anchors": [], "level": 4, "content": [ { "text": "ዋርድያ መቓብር ሓርበኛታት [Head of a state]" } ] }, { "id": "b-e280f212550c39718905c0c5", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/53/0", "start": 36587, "end": 36712 }, "anchors": [], "src": 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"/37/1/4/3/59/0", "start": 37504, "end": 37505 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "March 4, 2012", "href": "http://assenna.com/%e1%88%9d%e1%8b%8d%e1%89%b5-%e1%8a%90%e1%8b%ad%e1%8a%ad%e1%88%b0%e1%88%b5/" }, { "text": " Source " }, { "text": "assenna.com", "href": "http://assenna.com/%E1%88%9D%E1%8B%8D%E1%89%B5-%E1%8A%90%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B0%E1%88%B5/" } ] }, { "id": "b-fe7b5810d26ce36242343d77", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/61/0", "start": 37897, "end": 38298 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሬሳ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ኤርትራ ከይዱ ከይቕበር ተኸልኪሉ ዝብል ወረ እንሆ ወርሑ ሒዙ። ካብ ሕድሪ ስውኣት ዝጠለመ ከሓዲ ሰናይ ምጽባይ ካብ ዝቐብጽ ዛጊት ልዕሊ ዓሰርተ ዓመታት’ካ ኣቑጺረ እንተኾንኩ ከምዚ ዝኣመሰለ ሕሱር ተግባር ዋላ ካብቲ ብቱኽ ተባሂሉ ዝፍንፈን ስሑው’ውን ኣይተጸበኹን። እቶም ኣብ ውሽጢ ኤርትራ ዘለዉ ሓለፍትስ ኣብ ከባቢ’ቲ ውልቀ መላኺ ስለዘለዉ ብፍርሒ ጃጅዮም እንድዮም ኣይታሓዞምን ኢዩ። ዝገርመና ዘሎ ናይቶም ኣብ ወጻኢ ኣምባሳደራት ኤርትራ ተመዚዞም ጣዕሚ ዲሞክራሲ ብዘይ ገደብ ዝጭልጡ ዘለዎ ከም በዓል ወዲ ገራህቱ ዝኣመሰሉ ፍሱሳት ሕሞት ኢዩ። ስለምንታይ ምስ ሬሳ ንባኣስ ዓገብ ዘይብልዎ ንመራሒኦም።" } ] }, { "id": "b-52c2f91468989a94ec5faf45", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/63/0", "start": 38318, "end": 38632 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "መሓሪ ወዲ ገራህቱ (ንእሽቶ ሓዉ ወዲ ገራህቱ) ኣብ ኣስመራ ሓፋሽ ውድብ ኮይኑ እንዳነጠፈ ከሎ ብደርጊ ምስተታሕዘ ዝነበሮ ከኒና ውሒጡ ተሰዊኡ። ሽዑ ደርጊ ንሬሳ መሓሪ ሓመድ ኣዳም ክለብስ ኣይከልከለን። ወረግ ነቲ ነፈርቲ ኩናት ደርግ ብርእዮ ኣብ ኣስመራ ኤርፖርት ዘባርዔ መብራህቱ(እምባየ)ወዲ ረጋሒት ኣይ መንግስቱ ሃይለምርያም ባዕሉ እንድዩ ሬስኡ ክቕበር ዝፈቐደ። በዓል በላዕ ጥዑም ፈዳይ ሕሱም ወዲ ገራህቱ ግን ሬሳ ኤርትራዊ ንቡር ከይረክብ ይኽልክሉ ኣለዉ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-f51af4ed38c6961e58d567e1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/65/0", "start": 38652, "end": 38935 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ዲሞክራሲ እንተተቐብጸስ ሕልናውንዶ ክሳብ ክንድዚ ይዐርብ’ዩ። ውርዙይ ኣባሃህላኮ’ለና፣ “ምውት ነይክሰስ ሰማይ ነይሕረስ”። ናይዝጊ መን ነይሩ ኣይኮነን እቲ ጉዳይ፣ ኣብ ባህልና ሬሳ ኩቡር’ዩ እቲ ቑምነገር። ምስ ሬሳ ዝባኣስ ተስፋ ዝቆረጸ’ዩ። ደርጊውን’ኮ ኣብ ድሮ ውድቐቱ ሬሳታት ዘገልገልዎ ጀነራላት ጎቲቱን ኣቓጺሉን’ዩ። እንተ ምስዞም ሕድሪ ኣዘንጊዕም መንጢሎም ደም ዘጉስዑና ዘለዎ ከሓድቲ ስውኣት ግን ንጸባጸበሉ ግዝየ ርሑቕ ኣይኮነን።" } ] }, { "id": "b-5d7209bd95646599d266ddf7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/67/0", "start": 38948, "end": 38961 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሰላም ንህዝቢ ኤርትራ!" } ] }, { "id": "b-33521ccf0116f26d916a95c8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/1/4/3/69/0", "start": 38974, "end": 38976 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሰላም" } ] }, { "id": "b-0b632d7688afbe1338f44cc5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/40", "start": 39091, "end": 39187 }, "anchors": [ "source-nav-above" ], "content": [ { "text": "ስርዓት ህግደፍ ንሬሳ ናይቲ ብተኣማንነት ክሳብ ብደረጃ ሚኒስተርነት ዘገልገሎ ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ዛጊት ናብ ኤርትራ ምእታው ከልኪሉዎ ከምዘሎ ተፈሊጡ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-287bbe359ccb88fc4441f1f6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/41/0", "start": 39193, "end": 39203 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Posted on " }, { "text": "February 17, 2012", "href": "http://assenna.com/%e1%88%b5%e1%88%ad%e1%8b%93%e1%89%b5-%e1%88%85%e1%8c%8d%e1%8b%b0%e1%8d%8d-%e1%8a%95%e1%88%ac%e1%88%b3-%e1%8a%93%e1%8b%ad%e1%89%b2-%e1%89%a5%e1%89%b0%e1%8a%a3%e1%88%9b%e1%8a%95%e1%8a%90%e1%89%b5/" }, { "text": " by " }, { "text": "assenna", "href": "http://assenna.com/author/assenna/" } ] }, { "id": "b-249af06753524d27cabaf159", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/43/1/0", "start": 39699, "end": 39836 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "መራሒ ስርዓት ህግደፍ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ፡ ንሬሳ ናይቲ ብትእዛዙን ኣብ ክንድኡን ሓያለ ንጹሃት ኤርትራውያን ከም ዘጋፍዐ ዝንገረሉ፡ ብተኣማንነት ክሳብ ብደረጃ ሚኒስተርነትን ኣብ ዝተፈላለያ ስርሓት ጸጥታን ዘገልገሎ፡ " }, { "text": "ቅድሚ ክልተ ሰሙን ኣብ ለንደን፡ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ዝዓረፈ ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ", "href": "http://assenna.com/%E1%88%93%E1%8B%B0-%E1%8A%AB%E1%89%A5-%E1%88%8B%E1%8B%95%E1%88%88%E1%8B%8E%E1%89%B5-%E1%88%93%E1%88%88%E1%8D%8D%E1%89%B2-%E1%88%B5%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%93%E1%89%B5-%E1%88%85%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%B0%E1%8D%8D/" }, { "text": "፡ ዛጊት ናብ ኤርትራ ምእታው ከልኪሉዎ ከምዘሎ ምንጭታት ሓቢሮም።" } ] }, { "id": "b-fc1c99e294c105f494ad5f44", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/43/5/0", "start": 40250, "end": 40366 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "በዚ ምኽንያት፡ እታ ቅድሚ ካብ ዝዓረፈሉ ሰዓት ኣትሒዛ ሬሳኡ ምሕላው ከፊኡዋ ዘሎ ብዓልቲ ቤቱን ስድራቤትን ኣብ ጭንቀትን ምርባጽን ወዲቖም ከምዘለዉ እቶም ምንጭታት ብተወሳኺ ኣገንዚቦም።" } ] }, { "id": "b-b10f0d5cd59d8083ab083465", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/43/7/0", "start": 40379, "end": 40559 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ትጽቢትን ምርባጽን ስድራቤት ምስ በዝሐ፡ በቲ ኩነታት ዝተሻቐላ ኣዴታት፡ ንኣምባሳደር ውልቀምልካዊ ስርዓት ህግደፍ ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ‘ኳ በቲ ጉዳይ እንተሓተታኦ፡ መልእኽቲ ናብ ኤርትራ ከምዘመሓላለፈ ካብ ምንጋር ሓሊፉ፡ ኣውንታዊ መልሲ ከምዘይሃበን ‘ውን እቶም ምንጭታት የመልክቱ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-4904f570fe290a1a7274f38d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/43/9/0", "start": 40572, "end": 40767 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እቲ ዝገርም፡ እቲ ዋላ ናይ ኣዝዮም ታሕተዎት ሓለፍቲ ሞት ዘውሪ፡ መራኸቢ ብዙሃን ስርዓት ህግደፍ፡ ኣብ ሞት ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ምስ በጽሐ ጥርቅም ኢሉ ኣጽቂጡ ምህላዉ እዩ። እዚ ድማ፡ ኮነ ኢልካ ንሞት ናይዝጊ ካብ ህዝቢ ሓቢእካን ኣረሳሲዕካን ንምሕላፍ ብኢሳይያስ ዝተገብረ ሜላ ምዃኑ እቶም ምንጭታት ይእምቱ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-cece5d1697d615d2e0eca56b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/43/13/0", "start": 40808, "end": 41132 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ ሃገርና ኤርትራ፡ ሕግን መርመራን ስለዘየልቦ፡ ናይዝጊ እዚን እትን ገበናት ገይሩ ኢልና ክትዝርዝሮ እቲ ኩነታት ዘየፍቅድ ‘ኳ እንተኾነ፡ ኩሉ እቲ ቅድሚ ናጽነትን ድሕሪ ናጽነትን ኣብ ልዕሊ ንጹሃት ኤርትራውያን ገይሩዎ ተባሂሉ ዝምረረሉ ዝሕመየሉን ግፍዕታትን ገበናትን ብትእዛዝ ኢሳይያስ ወይ ድማ ኢሳይያስ ከምዝሕጎሰሉ ተገንዚቡ ዝገበሮ ምዃኑ ፍሉጥ ክንሱ፡ ኣብ እዋን ሞቱ ኢሳይያስ ከርሕቖን ንሞቱ ኣረሳሲዑዋ ክሓልፍ ምፍታንኑን ፖለቲካዊ ፋይዳ ዘይብሉ ድኹም ‘ሽጣራ’ ከምዝኾነ ተዓዘብቲ የረድኡ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-3f76859fb6ee658b3154183f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/43/17/0", "start": 41173, "end": 41415 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ከም ኢሳይያስ ዝኣመሰሉ ውልቀመለኽቲ፡ ካብ ስልጣኖም ዝቐረብ ዓርክን ዘመድን ከምዘይብሎም ብምምልካት ድማ፡ ንውልቀመለኽቲ እናገልገልካ ምማት፡ ኣብ ርእሲ’ቲ ጸረ-ፍትሓውነቱ: ‘ሞት ከልቢ’ ምዃኑ፡ እቶም ገና መጋበርያ ኢሳይያስ ኮይኖም ህዝቢ ጭፍጭፉን ሃገር ዘዕንዉን ዘለዉ ሓለፍቲ ህግደፍ፡ ካብዚ ናይ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ጭቡጥ ኣብነት ደጊሞም ክመሃሩ ከምዘለዎም ‘ውን ኣገንዚቦም።" } ] }, { "id": "b-65df6d54776a036615287bce", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/0/1/0", "start": 41534, "end": 41588 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ስድራ-ቤት ነፍሰ-ሄር ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ መልሲ ካብ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ይጽበዩ ኣለዉ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-12e54148e3b9a8fbe79509a1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/0/1/0", "start": 41534, "end": 41588 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " መስከረም፡ ብጉዳይ ሓመድ-ድበ መዋቲ፡ ምስ ዝምልከቶም ሸነኻት ቀጻሊ ርክብ ብምግባር፡ ዛጊት ነዚ ዝስዕብ ከረጋግጽ ክኢሉ ኣሎ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-b902e3808216257e770fa17f", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/0/1/5", "start": 41717, "end": 43270 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-07fe22174c97bb24ba4850e6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/0/1/5/1/0", "start": 41738, "end": 41825 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ነፍሰ-ሄር ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ብዕለት 6 መጋቢት ከም ዝዓረፈን ክሳብ ሎም 02-21-2012 ከይተቐብረ፡ ኣብ መኽዘን መዋቶ ከም ዘሎ፡" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-a448a7564f7e29a8a14c1d0d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/0/1/5/3/0", "start": 41848, "end": 41984 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "መዋቲ፡ ኣብ ኤርትራ ቅበሩኒ ዝብል ናይ ሞት ለበዋ ከም ዝተላበወን ደቁን በዓልቲ ቤቱን፡ ንኸቢድ ለበዋ መዋቲ ንምፍጻም ኣብ ኤርትራ እንተዘይኰይኑ ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ፍጹም ኣይንቐብሮን ይብሉ ከም ዘለዉ" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-d49ac568574432097e8a537a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/0/1/5/5/0", "start": 42007, "end": 42063 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ስነ-ስርዓት ፍትሓት መዋቲ፡ ሓሙስ 16 መጋቢት 2012 ኣብ ለነድን ከም ዝተፈጸመ፡" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-64e8cb0eaf3e45f675535759", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/0/1/5/7/0", "start": 42086, "end": 42137 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ንመንግስቲ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ዝምልከት ቀጥዕታት በሙሉኡ ብእዋኑ ከም ዝተማልኤ፡" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-bc53947fac957e42fab1429c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/0/1/5/9/0", "start": 42160, "end": 42217 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሬሳ፡ ኣብ ክንዲ ካብ ፍትሓት ናብ መዕርፎ ነፍርቲ ናብ መኽዘን ምዉታን ከም ዝተመልሰ" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-388b1539fc278a18edbad4bb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/0/1/5/11/0", "start": 42240, "end": 42382 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ከም ልሙድ፡ ድሕሪ ፍትሓት ታሪኽ ህይወቱ ከም ዘይተነበበ። ንምንታይ ድሕሪ ፍትሓት፡ እሞ ካህን ታሪኽ ህውቱ ዝነግር እንተሃልዪ ንኽነግር ወይ ከንበብ ብተደጋጋሚ ሓቲተ ከበቅዕ፡ታሪኽ ህይወቱ ዘንብብ ከምዘይተረኽበ፡" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-9c6964906d46c76efbc529ac", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/0/1/5/13/0", "start": 42405, "end": 42549 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ስድራ-ቤቱ፡ ንምንታይ ታሪኽ ህይወቱ ዘይተነበበ ንዝብል ሕቶ፡ ከም በዓል ስልጣን መንግሰትን ታሪኹ ብዝያዳ ዝፈልጡን መንግስቲ ወይ ኤምባሲ ኤርትራ፡ ታሪኹ ጽሒፎም ከቕርቡ ወይ ከንብቡ እዮም ዝበል ትጽቢት ስለ ዝነበረ" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-541762177b27150a7c4e470a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/0/1/5/15/0", "start": 42572, "end": 42691 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ናብ ኤምባሲ ኤርትራ ኣብ ለንደን ብስልኪ ዝተገብረ ውከሳ፡ እቶም ስልኪ ዘልዓሉ ታሕተዎት ሰራሕተኛታታ፡ ገሊኦም እንፈልጦ የብልናን ገሊኦም ንስድራ ቤቱ ዘይትሓትዎም ከም ዝበሉ" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-8c156dd23aa3aec46e356ab4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/0/1/5/17/0", "start": 42714, "end": 42772 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሎሚ ዕለት 02-21-2012 ዝተገበረ ናይ ስልኪ ፈተነ፡ ስልኪ ዘልዕል ከም ዝተሳእነ፡" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-1ce5af480ec7ee7a986db0a5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/0/1/5/19/0", "start": 42795, "end": 42926 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ መላእ ዓለም ዘሎ ህዝቢ፡ ብፍላይ ደገፍትን ሰዓብትን መንግስቲ ኤርትራ፡ ንምንታይ ሬሳ ዓዲ ንምውሳድ ዝተገበረ ናይ ስድራቤት ምልክታ ክሳብ ሎሚ መንግስቲ መልሲ ኣይሃበን ይበሉ ከም ዘለዉ" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-cd830f0ef2b6f0f03e7779fa", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/0/1/5/21/0", "start": 42949, "end": 43010 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ ብዙሓት ማሕበረ-ሰባት ( ኮማት) ብጉዳይ ቀብሪ መዋቲ ሓያል ክትዓት ይካየድ ከም ዘሎ፡" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-9fe50a53d28918abf9366082", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/0/1/5/23/0", "start": 43033, "end": 43092 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እቲ ቐነዲ በዚ ጉዳይ ተሓታቲ፡ ክቡር ኣምባሳደር ወዲ-ገራህቱ፡ ስልኩ ይምልስ ከም ዘየለ" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-909702ed1517d07a94383177", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/0/1/5/25/0", "start": 43115, "end": 43181 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ ኤርትራ፡ ብፍላይ ኣብ ዝተወልደሉ ከባቢታት፡ ብጉዳይ ቀብሪ መዋቲ ብዘሕ ትሒም-ትሒም ከም ዘሎ፡" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-62ef6e5ff6ae1fe08097ea1a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/0/1/5/27/0", "start": 43204, "end": 43249 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ፕረሲደንት ኢሰያስ፡ ብጉዳይ ንፍሰ-ሄር ናይዝጊ ተሓቢሩ ከም ዘሎ፡" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-e46e604261002373fdb8b880", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/0/1/7/0", "start": 43285, "end": 43341 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "መስከረም፡ ሓዲሽ፡ ጭቡጥ፡ ሓበሬታ ኣብ ዝተረኽበሉ ጊዜ ቀልጢፉ ንህዘቢ ክሕብር እዩ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-a88db5734e5a765aeedb11fd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/2/1/0/0", "start": 43398, "end": 43421 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ጉዳይ ነፍሰ-ሄር ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ" } ] }, { "id": "b-4fd4f72d7dfff321af2ab5e2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/0/0", "start": 43470, "end": 43682 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "መስከረም፡ ብጉዳይ'ቲ ብዕለት 6 የካቲት 2012 ዝዓርፈ ዛጊት ዘይተቐብረ፡ ነፍስ-ሄር ናይዝጊ ክፍሉን ናይ ቀብሩ ስነ-ስርዓትን ጭቡጥ ሓበሬታ ከቕርብ ካብ ኩሉ ኩርናዓት ዓለም፡ ጠለብን ሕቶታትን ይመጾ ከም ዘሎ እንዳሓበረ፡ ነዚ ናይ ገዛእ ርእሱ ተሃዋስነት እንዳፈጠረ ዝመጽእ ዘሎ ጉዳይ፡ ጭቡጥ ሓበሬታ ንምቕራብ፡ ምስ " }, { "text": "ብቕጥታ", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": " ዝምልከቶም ሸነኻት ውከሳ ጂመሩ ከም ዘሎን፡ ኣብ ዝሓጸረ ጊዜ ሙሉእን ጭቡጥን ሓበሬታ ከቕርብ ምዃኑ ብኽብሪ እንዳ ኣፍለጠ፡ ንመዋቲ መንግሰተ-ሰማይ የዋርሶ ንቤተ-ሰቡን ፈተውቱን ከኣ ጽንዓት የሃብኩም ይብል።" } ] }, { "id": "b-9d9cd92c6721fdc1eeb7740e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/3/0", "start": 43854, "end": 43873 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Post feb 22, 2012 on" }, { "text": "ኣለና", "href": "http://assenna.com/%e1%88%9e%e1%89%b5-%e1%8a%93%e1%8b%ad%e1%8b%9d%e1%8c%8a%e1%8d%a4-%e1%88%9e%e1%89%b5-%e1%8a%ad%e1%8a%93%e1%8a%93%e1%8b%a9-%e1%88%98%e1%88%b5%e1%8d%8d%e1%8a%95%e1%8d%a4-%e1%8b%ad%e1%8a%a3/" }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "ሞት ናይዝጊ፤ ሞት ክናና’ዩ! መስፍን፤ ይኣኽለካ ምስ ፎርዖን ምልፋን! – ፍሉይ ጽሑፍ –", "href": "http://assenna.com/%e1%88%9e%e1%89%b5-%e1%8a%93%e1%8b%ad%e1%8b%9d%e1%8c%8a%e1%8d%a4-%e1%88%9e%e1%89%b5-%e1%8a%ad%e1%8a%93%e1%8a%93%e1%8b%a9-%e1%88%98%e1%88%b5%e1%8d%8d%e1%8a%95%e1%8d%a4-%e1%8b%ad%e1%8a%a3/" } ] }, { "id": "b-52f8f54288623acc2644302d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/5/0", "start": 44675, "end": 44689 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ካልኣይ ምዕራፍ መጽሓፍ " }, { "text": "‘ትልሚ ንዘርኢ ክርዳድ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "’ ብዛዕባ ድርብ ኪዳን ናይዝጊ ክፍሉን ኢሳይያስን ኢዩ ኣስፊሩ ዘሎ፣ “ኣቦይን ኣደይን ነንበይኑ ጸሎቶም” ከም ዝበሃል ድግም። ኣብ ጉዳይ ገበነኛ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ጸሎትናን ጸሎት ኢሳይያስን ነንበይኑ ኢዩ ጸኒሑ፣ ሕማም ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ኣብ ንዝክረሉ ዝነበርና ግዜ። ‘ከቢድ ሕማም ካብ ሞት ነይሓልፍ’ ክንብል’ኳ እንተጸናሕና፤ ንሕና ንቁሩብ እዋን እስትንፋስ እንተዝልቅብ ክንብል እንከለና፤ መልሓስ ኢሳይያስ ግን ንሞት ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ትምህለል ነበረት፣" } ] }, { "id": "b-2e7ae01fe994d106361a5edc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/7/0", "start": 45027, "end": 45341 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እቲ ኤርትራዊ “ከሚካል ዓሊ” ጉዳም ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ። ናይ ጽሕፍቶ ጉዳይ ኮይኑ ቤተ-መዘክር ታሪኽ ተሰክሙ ሞይቱ ኣሎ፣ ወዲ ሰብ ከም ጽላሎት ቀትሪ ሓላፊ ስለዝኾነ። ኣንታ ከበድቲ ምስጢራት እዚ ሓራዲን ክሒዳን ዝኾነ ኢሳይያስ ፎርዖን ተሰኪምካ ዘለኻ፤ ኣብ ዓራትካ ኮንካ ትንኖን ዝን ትብል ዘለኻን ኣቶ መስፍን ሓጎስ ሕጂ ብታሪኽ ዝውረቕ ተባዕ ስጉምቲ ውሰድ፣ ስለ እቶም ብቑንጣሮ ሓመድ ዝቐበርካዮም ጀጋኑ ብጾትካ ማዕጾ ምስጢራት ኢሳይያስ ንከይተገፍትን ድማ ደጋጊምና ሓደራ ንብል ኣሎና፣" } ] }, { "id": "b-aebbb40135ca03e58d6c8711", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/11/0", "start": 45378, "end": 45673 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ ምስላታት ዓረብ ‘ኣልጎሕ ኣሕሰን ሚን ኣል-ስኩውት’ ዝብል ወሓለ ዝኾነ ኣበሃህላ ኣሎ፣ እዚ ብትግርኛ ክትርጎም እንከሎ ‘ኡሑእ! ካብ ትም ምባል ትበልጽ’ ማለት ኢዩ፣ ስለዚ ኣብ ኩሉ ኩርነዓት ዓለም ዘለኹም ገዳይም ተጋደልቲ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ነበር። ኣበይ ከም ዘለኹምን ኣብ እዋን ብረታዊ ቃልሲን ብድሕሪ ናጽነትን እንታይ ተራ ከም ዝነበረኩምን ኣጸቢቕና ንፋለጥ ኢና’ሞ፤ ተሰኪምኩሞ ዘለኹም ምስጢራት ኢሳይያስ ከካብ ዝባንኩም እተውርድሉ ሰዓት ኣኺሉ ኣሎ፣" } ] }, { "id": "b-f0d3091bf42b8c00e05e7b6c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/13/0", "start": 45690, "end": 46135 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እቲ ንሰባት ከም ዲፖሳብል ስሪንጋ ተጠቒሙ ዝድርቢ ዕሉል ሰታይ ደም ኢሳይያስ። ንናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ካብ ዝድርብዮ ኣይወሓደን፣ ቅድሚ ደርዘን ዓመታት ኣቢሉ ኮኾብ ናይዝጊ ኣብ ዝወደቐሉ ግዜ ብዙሓት ተጋደልቲ ይዳፈሩዎ ነይሮም ኢዮም፣ እቶም ኣብ እንዳ መስተ ዝተጸርፉ ተጋደልቲ ጸጉ ፍሰሃየን ወልደጋብር ወዲ ሮማን ፈትዩ ክሳብ ዝጸልእ ምስ ቀጥቀጥዎ፤ ብብዙሓት ሰባት ክድፈር ተራእየ፣ ኣብ ኤክስፖ ምስ ሓልቕኡ ኢሳይያስ ብጉዳይ ትውልዲ ምጭርራቕ ኣብ ዝተጀመረሉ እዋን ድማ ክሳብ ሃለዋቱ ዘጥፍእ በቲ ቀንዲ ናይ ደም ወዲ ዕቁቡ ዝኾነ ኢሳይያስ ተቐጥቀጠ፣ ካብቲ ግዜ እቲ ኢዩ’ምበኣር ኣብ እንዳ መስተ ገለ ምስጢራት ከየምሉቕ ብምባል ክሳብ ዕለተ ሞቱ ናብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ይጽናሕ ዝብል ጥበብ ዝተማህዘ፣" } ] }, { "id": "b-57ef40d7f77be16c0f1b7058", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/15/0", "start": 46152, "end": 46582 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ነዊሕ ኣብ ዘይኮነ ግዜ። ካልኣይ ምዕራፍ ሞት ክናና ኣብ ኢሳይያስ ክድገም ኢዩ፣ ወዲ ሰብ ታሪኹ’ምበር ሂወቱ ኣይትነብርን ኢያ፣ ከቢድ ምስጢራት ገበነኛ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ ተሰኪሙ ንዝሞተ ናይዝጊ ንመዋእል ብወለዶታት ኤርትራ ክርገም ክነብር ኢዩ፣ ናይ ዕድል ጉዳይ ኮይኑ ድማ እቶም ደቁን ደቂ ደቁን። ደቂ ከዳዕ፤ ደቂ እቲ ገበነኛ ምባል ጥራይ ከይኣኽሎም እነሆ ቅድሚ ሎሚ ተሰሚዑ ዘይፈልጥ ‘ደቂ እቲ ሬስኡ ናብ ኤርትራ ንከይኣቱ ዝተኸልከለ’ ክበሃሉ ክነብሩ ኢዮም፣ ደቂ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ኣቦኦም ዝገደፎ ሰነዳትን ለበዋን ናብ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ እንተኣረኪቦም ካብቲ ሕማቕ ስምን ውርሻን ክድሕኑ ኢዮም፣ እምበኣርከስ እታ ሞት ሓንቲ ክነሳ። ዓሰርተ ሞት ዝብልዎ ደጊም ከምዚ ኢዩ፣" } ] }, { "id": "b-cd42f7c9fa437f8551b82d2e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/17/0", "start": 46599, "end": 46866 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“ኣድጊ ካብታ ሙማታ ምጉታታ’’ ምስ ሞት ገበነኛ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ዝምሰል ምስላ ኢዩ፣ ናይ ኢሳይያስ ሓሳዊን እሙን መሻርኽቲ ምስጢሩን ዝነበረ፤ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ከም ዝሞተ ሰሚዕና፣ እዚ ኢዩ’ምበኣር እቲ ልጉባት ማንታ ናይ ዝነበሩ ክናናን ምናናን ሞት ክናና ዝበሃል፣ እቲ ኣብ ሕብረተሰብና ከም ዓቢን ናይ መወዳእታን መርገም ዝቑጸር ዝነበረ ኣማውታ፤ “ሞት ክናና” እነሆ ቀዳማይ ምዕራፉ ኣብ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ተራእዩ ኣሎ፣" } ] }, { "id": "b-2834b157781319270d22b36a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/19/0", "start": 46883, "end": 47215 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ ዘመነ-ኢሳይያስ ናብ ዓላ ካብ ዝኣተወላ መዓልቲ ክሳብ’ዚ ምኽልካል ሬሳ ናይዝጊ ዘይተነግረ’ምበር ዘይተገብረስ የለን፣ ካብ ዝስለፍ ናብ ቅድመ-ግንባራት ከቲቱ እንኮ ጥይት ዘይተኮሰ እሙን ኢሳይያስ ዝነበረ ገበነኛ ናይዝጊ፦ ከምቲ ንዝኣመነ ብሴፍ ንዝኸሓደ’ውን ብሴፍ ዝበሃል፤ ሬስኡ ኣብ ሓመድ ኤርትራ ወይ ኣብ ቀላይ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ እመት መሬት ንከይትረክብ ተኸልኪሉ፣ ናይ ሓዘን ቴንዳ ከይትከል፦ ብዛዕባ ሞት ናይዝጊ ብዜና ከይንገር፦ ኣብ ዓዱ’ውን ጸሎተ-ፍትሓት ከይግበር፦ ዝብል ጥብቂ ትእዛዝ ኢሳይያስ ሰሚዕና፣" } ] }, { "id": "b-395b860ce89d590490db64b7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/21/0", "start": 47232, "end": 47345 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እታ ንቀዳሞት ገዛእቲ ቱርካውያን። ኢጣልያውያን። እንግሊዛውያንን ኢትዮጵያውያንን ሓመዳ ዘይበቐቐት ሃገርና ኤርትራ ንመስተንክር ክኸውን ኢሉዎ ንሬሳ ገበነኛ ናይዝጊ ፎእ ኢላ ነጺጋቶ፣" } ] }, { "id": "b-a6b34ee427574884f59ec8c6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/23/0", "start": 47362, "end": 47538 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እሙን ዓቀይታይ ኢሳይያስ ዝነበረ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፤ ኣብ ደጀን ሰውራ ንዝነበረ መዓልታዊ ናይ ምሁራትን ኣገደስቲ ውልቀ-ሰባትን ጸብጻብ ናብ ኢሳይያስ የቕርብ ነበረ፣ ኣብቲ ብ1973 ዓ.ም. ዝነበረ ናይ ምእራም ተቓውሞ ምሁራት “መንካዕ” ዝብል ስም ዘጠመቖ ድማ ንሱ’ዩ ዝነበረ፣" } ] }, { "id": "b-e951c98a077d0399f8935630", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/25/0", "start": 47555, "end": 47823 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሌላ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉን ኢሳይያስን ቅድሚ ኣርበዓ ዓመታት። ካብ 1970 ኢዩ ጀሚሩ፣ ኣብቲ ብወርሒ ለካቲት 1972 ዓ.ም. ኣብ በይሩት ኣብ መንጎ ልኡኽ ወጻኢ ጉዳይ ነበርን ሓይልታት ሜዳን ዝተገብረ ኣኼባ። ናይዝጊ ክፍሉን መስፍን ሓጎስን ምስ ኢሳይያስ ተኻፊሎም ነበሩ፣ ናይዝጊ ካብ ሩስያ ንሜዳ ኣትዩ ብ1973 ዓ.ም. ቅድሚ ምስላፉ ኣብ ኣሜሪካ መስራቲ ኤ.ና.ሰ.ኤ. (ኤርትራውያን ንናጽነት ኣብ ሰሜን ኣሜሪካ) ነበረ፣" } ] }, { "id": "b-3c04cca30a6b6a339c2e7d29", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/27/0", "start": 47840, "end": 48079 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ናይዝጊ ቅድሚ ምስላፉ ብከመይ ምኽንያት ምስ ኢሳይያስ ከም ዝተፋለጠ ሎሚ እቲ ቅንጣብ ምስጢር ኢሳይያስ ንከየሙሉቕ ብማዕተቡ ዝመሓለ ኣቶ መስፍን ሓጎስ ጥራይ ኢዩ ዝፈልጥ፣ ‘ንግሆ ዘይትንስእ’ሲ እግሩ ናብ ደገ ይሓድር’ ከም ዝበልዎ ወለዲ፤ ደጊም ኤርትራ ናይ ደቃ ንብረት ንክትከውን ኣብ ቅርዓታ መራግእቲ ይግበረላ ኣሎ’ሞ ንሓዋሩ እግርኻ ኣብ ደገ ከይከውንሲ ሎሚ ብተኽ፣" } ] }, { "id": "b-dbcbde50654f8b859b11b185", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/29/0", "start": 48096, "end": 48639 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ታሪኽ ኩዒትካን ንሓመድ ነፊኻን ዘይርከብ ናይ ወለዶታት ቅርሲ ኢዩ፣ ኣቶ መስፍን ኩላትና ነበርቲ ኣይኮናን! ኤርትራን ሰንሰለታዊ ወለዶ ህዝባን ግን ክነብሩ ኢዮም’ሞ ሎሚ’ውን እቲ ካብ ወርቂን ኣልማዝን ዝኸብር ተሰኪምካዮ ዘለኻ ምስጢራት ገበነኛ ኢሳይያስ (ጉዳይ ኣሰላልፋኡ። ምፍላይ ካብ ጀብሃ ኢሳይያስ። ጉዳይ ዓላን ኣብርሃም ተወልደን። ጉዳይ ቃኘው። ጉዳያት መንካዕን ኢብራሂም ዓፋን። ጉዳይ ኣመጻጽኣ ጉጅለ ህግደፍን ኲናት ባድመን። ምስጢራት ጉጅለ 15ን። ወ.ዘ.ተ…) ነቲ ብደም ዝዘቕበበ ጸሊም መጋረጃ ኢሳይያስ ቀዲድካ ንደቂ ሃገርካ ንከተርክብ ብታሪኽ ትሕተት ኣሎኻ፣ ሞት ናይዝጊ። ቀዳማይ ሞት ክናና ጋህዲ ኣብ ዝኾነሉ ግዜ። ሞት ኢሳይያስ። ካልኣይ ሞት ክናና ንክንሰምዕ ድማ ምድረ-ሰማይ ይሃምም ኣሎ፣ ገበነኛ ኢሳይያስ ብደቂ ህዝቢ ክርሸን ኢዩ! ደሙ ከኣ ዘይከም ደም ጀጋኑ ናቕፋ፤ ኣብ ፋኛቱራታት ማይ በላ ጃሕ-ጃሕ ክብል ኢዩ፣" } ] }, { "id": "b-2b4eee6a3692e07c3399a190", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/31/0", "start": 48656, "end": 48900 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ወይ ጉድ! ናይ ናይዝጊ ገደደ። ሓመድ ኣዳም ፈንፊንዎ፣ ኣብ ዘመነ-ገድሊ በታ ዕረ ዝኾነት መልሓስ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ዘይተጸርፈ ተጋዳላይ ኣይነበረን፣ እቲ ብከተማ ዓደን ኣቢሉ ንሜዳ ዝተሰለፈ ናይዝጊ ኣብ ጉዕዞ ባሕሪ ኣብ ዝነበረሉ ግዜ’ውን ነቶም መማጽእቱ ጸሪፍዎም ከም ዝነበረን፤ ክሃርምዎ ኣብ ዝተሃንደዱሉ ግዜ’ውን ብዕረቆ-ዕረቆ ተገላጊሎም ከም ዝነበሩ መሳልፍቱ ይገልጹ ኢዮም፣" } ] }, { "id": "b-816092fbc8dfa862f4c0299a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/33/0", "start": 48917, "end": 49175 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ተጋዳላይ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ኣብ ሜዳ ብጸርፊን ታህዲድን ዝልለ ሰብ ነበረ፣ ኣብ ሜዳ ብጉዳይ “መንካዕ’ ብድሕሪ ናጽነት’ውን ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ ውሽጣዊ ጉዳያት ኣብ ትሕቲ ዓሊ ሰይድ ዓብደላ ኮይኑ ይሰርሓሉ ኣብ ዝነበረ ግዜ። ብሂወት ብዙሓት ኤርትራውያን ተሓታቲ ኢዩ ዝነበረ፣ ኢሳይያስ ከም ሚኒስተር ዜና። ቀጺሉ’ውን ንቁሩብ ኣዋርሕ ኣብ ጉዳያት ዞባዊ ምምሕዳር ከም ተሓጋጋዚ ቤት ጽሕፈቱ ገይሩ ሸይሙዎ ነበረ፣" } ] }, { "id": "b-985852c6c6db450ca47c0e15", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/35/0", "start": 49192, "end": 49317 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ሚኒስተር ዜና ኮይኑ ኣብ ዝተመዘዘሉ ግዜ ከኣ ንሓለፍቲ እቲ ሚኒስትሪ ፍሉይ ኣኼባ ገይሩሎም ነበረ፣ ሽዑ ከምዚ ሎሚ ከይኮነ ሓምለ-ሰነ ብዛዕባ ጉዳይ ናይ ስራሕ ምስጢራት ጸቒጡ ተዛረቦም፦" } ] }, { "id": "b-60e05ff67d98505b54948cc2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/37/0", "start": 49334, "end": 49492 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“ምስጢር ክትዕቅቡ ኣለኩም። ንዓና ንህዝባዊ ግንባር ካብ ቀደም ክሳብ ሎሚ ዘዐወተና ምዕቃብ ምስጢርና ኢዩ፣ ኣነን ኢሳይያስን እንፈልጦ ናይ ሳሕል ምስጢራት ንህዝቢ ኤርትራ እንተዝንገሮ፤ ዎላሂ ብሙሉኡ እዚ ህዝቢ ምተጸለለ ነይሩ’’", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " ኢሉ ከይተፈለጦ ሓቂ ተዛረበ፣" } ] }, { "id": "b-547c321dd87ae1366cb85876", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/39/0", "start": 49528, "end": 49779 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ልክዕ ኢዩ ከኣ። እቶም ነቲ ናይ ጀጋኑ ሃገራውያንን ምሁራትን ምቕንጻል ዘጸልል ምስጢራት ዝፈልጡ ብሂወት ተሪፎም ዝነበሩ ውሑዳት ሰባት ጥራይ ኢዮም፣ ነቲ ኣብ ክፍሊ ዜና እንከሎ ዚዛረቦ ዝነበረ ፍኑው ምስጢራት ከኣ ዓሊ ዓብዱ ተተሰኪሙ ናብ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ የብጽሖ ነበረ፣ ብዛዕባ ናይዝጊ ዚዛረቦ ዝነበረ ኢሳይያስ መአረምታ ኣብ ዝሃቦ ግዜ ከኣ። እቲ ዝሓሰወሉ ዓሊ ዓብዱ ምዃኑ ፈለጠ፣" } ] }, { "id": "b-0ce6363bfd9eb9d88b2e5749", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/41/0", "start": 49796, "end": 49846 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ዓርኪ ሰባር ነቓዕ ሚኒስተር ነበር ናይዝጊ ከምዚ ሎሚ ሞት ክናና ከይሞተ እንከሎ፦" } ] }, { "id": "b-5b7478525467c25d267fa30c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/43/0", "start": 49863, "end": 50043 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "‘’ካብዛ ሎሚ መዓልቲ ንደሓር ብሓላፍነተይ ካብ ምዱብ ስራሕካ ኣደስኪለካ ኣለኹ፣ ኣጸቢቕካ ፍለጠኒ! ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ’የ፣ እወ ኣነ ናይዝጊ እየ። ንሰብኡት ብኾፎም ዘሽይን ሰብኣይ ምዃነይ ኣጸቢቕካ ሕተት፣ ሕጂ ናብ ኣያኻ ኬድካ ጥራዕ’’ በሎ ናይዝጊ ንዓሊ ዓብዱ ኣብ ቅድሚ መሳርሕቱ፣" } ] }, { "id": "b-021aa6a389c6324a2bbc46d9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/45/0", "start": 50060, "end": 50552 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እቲ ኢሳይያስ ከም ፍቱው ኩርኩር ኣብ ስንጭሮ ዓንበርቦብ ጸባን ቢስኩትን እናመገበን ብናቱ ሰረተ-እምነት ዝመልመሎን ዘዕበዮን፤ ናብ ዝባን ጎቦ ኣንጆታይ ኣደይቡ ንጎላጉል ማህሚመት። ኣስራይ። ኣውገትን እምባ ንያላን ብክሻፋ ዘርእዮ ዝነበረን ዓሊ ዓብዱ’ውን ኣይሓመቐን፤ ኣብቲ ሚኒስትሪ ብናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ዝግበሩ ዝነበሩ ድኽመታትን ዘምልቖም ንዝነበረ ምስጢራትን ናብ ሓለቕኡ እናተዘባዘበ ምብጽጻሕ ቀጸለ፣ ኣብ መወዳእታ ህያቡ ድማ ግዝያዊ ሚኒስተር። ጸኒሑ’ውን ቀዋሚ ሚኒስተር ዜና ንክኸውን ምስ በቕዐ፤ እቲ ምስጢራት ኢሳይያስ ንከየምሉቕ ዝፍራሕ ዝነበረ ገበነኛ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ድማ ከም ሓላው ስጡሕ ናብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ተደርበየ፣ ንውልቀ-መለኽቲ ዘገልገለ እዚ ኢዩ ፍዳኡ፣ ሬሳ ናይዝጊ ሓመድ ኤርትራ ካብ ተነፍጎ። ንሬሳ ኢሳይያስ’ከ እንታይ ኢዩ ክፈርድ ሓመድ ኤርትራ?" } ] }, { "id": "b-15ee401483278e9ebe8a13ae", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/47/0", "start": 50569, "end": 51213 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣንቱም ገና ነቲ ገበነኛ ሰብ። ዘርኢ ኤርትራውያን ንምጥፋእ ግናይ ትልሚ ክርዳድ ዝተለመ ኢሳይያስ ተገልግሉ ዘለኹም ጀነራላት። ሚኒስተራት። ኣማሓደርቲ ዞባታት። ሰበ-ስልጣናትን ኣባላት ህግደፍን ይኣኽለኩም ምንብርካኽ፣ ኣንቱም ብወዲ ኣውራጃና። “ሓማሴናይ ኢዩ”…ብወዲ ሃይማኖትና “ክስታናይ ኢዩ”…ተጋዲሉ ዘጋደለ “ጅግና! ኣንበሳ ናቕፋ ኢዩ” እናበልኩም ኣብ በረድ ረጊጽኩም ዘለኹም ደቂ ኤርትራ፤ ካብዚ ዝዓቢ ኣስኳላ የለን’ሞ ዕድል ከይሓልፈኩም ሎሚ ታሪኻዊ ስጉምቲ ንክትወስዱ ህዝባዊ ነጋሪት የቃልሕ ኣሎ፣ ኢሳይያስ ስነ-ምግባርን ሰብኣዊ ሕልናን እንተዝህልዎ ንሬሳ እሙን ኣገልጋሊኡ ዝነበረ ናብ ዓዲ ምእታው ኣይምኸልከለን፣ ኢሳይያስ መትከላዊ ዓርኪ። ሃይማኖት። ኣውራጃን መንነትን ዘይብሉ ብሕጊ ጫካ ዝምራሕ መንደላይ ተመን ኢዩ፣ ካብ ዝስለፍ ክሳብ ግዜ ናጽነት ኣብ ውግእ ሓድ-ሕድ ይኹን ምስ መግዛእቲ ኢትዮጵያ ኣብ ዝግበሩ ዝነበሩ ውግኣት ክንደይ መዓልታት ከም ዝተዋግአ ጽባሕ ቢጊሓት ታሪኽ ክነግረና ኢዩ፣ ኢሳይያስ ካብ ዝስለፍ ኣትሒዙ ብዘይካ ንጽላሎቱ ንማንም ሰብ ዘይኣምን ከዳዕ ፍጥረት ኢዩ፣" } ] }, { "id": "b-a3a485ef8506d1ea1ea8b322", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/49/0", "start": 51230, "end": 51870 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ገበነኛ ኢሳይያስ ካብ ኣስመራ ተበጊሱ ናብ ኣውራጃታትን ሳዋን ምብጻሕ ኣብ ዝገብረሉ ግዜ። መራኸቢ ተለፎናት /ሞባይላት/ ናይቶም ኣብ ሓሙሽተ ላንድ ክሩዘራት ዝተሳፈሩ ኣሰነይቱ ምስኡ ኢየን ዝተሓዛ፣ ንሱ ክልተ ዓይነት መራኸቢ ተለፎናት /ኢንተርናሽናልን ናይ ውሽጢ ሃገርን/ ሒዙ እናተራኸበ ክኸይድ እንከሎ ኩላቶም ካልኦት ሰበስልጣናት ግን ምስ ስድራ ቤቶም’ውን ንክራኸቡ መሰል የብሎምን፣ ሰባት ከመይ ገይሮ ንከምዚ ዝኣመሰለ ኣሽካዕላልን ውጹእ ምልኪን ከም ዝጻወሩዎ ድማ ንመስደምም ኢዩ፣ እምበኣር ይኣክል በል ኣንታ ተንበርካኺ፤ ኣብ መስርዕ ህግደፍ ዘለኻ ወዲ ኤርትራ። ‘ብድሕሪ ሞት ጥዕና ቅበጽ’ ከም ዝበሃል፤ ብድሕሪ ሞት ናይዝጊ ደጊም ቅበጽ! መስፍን ድማ ምስ ፎርዖን ምልፋን ያዕ ኢልካ ዕዳኻ ክፈል፣ ሕሰብ…ሕሰብ ትብል ኣላ ዓደቦኻ፣ ንእስነትን ተስፋ ምሃብን ዓቢ ዕዳ ኢዩ’ሞ እቲ ብንእስነትካ ኣብ ጎላጉል ሰምሃር: ኣብ ዊናን ድግሰናን። ኣብ ግራት ወዲ-ኣድክመን ርእሲ ዓዲን ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ ጠረዚት ሳሕልን ሩባታት ሕዳይን ንህዝብኻ ስለ ናጽነትን ሓርነትን ዘተስፈኻዮ ባህጊ ሕጂ ክፈሎ" } ] }, { "id": "b-86fc23dad401db530df8ade9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/51/0", "start": 51887, "end": 52033 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ካልኣይ ምዕራፍ ሞት ክናና ኣብ ኢሳይያስ ክድገም ኢዩ \u0001\u0002\u0003 \u0004\u0005\u0006\u0007 \b \u0004 \u000e\u000f \u0007\u0010 \u0001\u0002\u0003 \u0004\u0005\u0006\u0007 \b \u0004 \u000e\u000f \u0007\u0010\u0011“ \u0012\u0013\u0014 \u0015\u0016\u0011 \u0017\u0018\u0019\u001a\u0011 \u001b\u0018\u001c \u0017\u0018\u0019\u001a \u001d", "href": "/documents/4df4c7b15b418fd12bdec77b/" }, { "text": "\u0001\u001e" } ] }, { "id": "b-745a2989debb634219ce25f5", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/53/1", "start": 52358, "end": 52416 }, "anchors": [], "level": 3, "content": [ { "text": "DEHAI] RIP Tegadalay Naizghi Kiflu" } ] }, { "id": "b-f5c07bf6ebd2ec250f13f127", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/0", "start": 52466, "end": 52503 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Sat, 18 Feb 2012 08:21:52 -0600" } ] }, { "id": "b-bcedf5792db8b910f4ea2b7a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/1/0", "start": 52507, "end": 52526 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "RIP Naizghi Kiflu!" } ] }, { "id": "b-02b277255d6b5c3340e80803", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/3/0", "start": 52537, "end": 52830 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "It would not be an exaggeration to say that I find no words to express adequately the sense of personal loss I feel at the passing of our dearly beloved and highly esteemed Tegadalay Naizghi Kiflu. All hearts are filled with unspeakable grief at the loss of such a precious Tegadalay." } ] }, { "id": "b-657746cd2f42ea7506bd026f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/5/0", "start": 52841, "end": 53674 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "This honorable Tegadalay has dedicated himself to the service of the peoples Eritrea from his teen years until the end of his life with steadfastness and uncompromising self-sacrifice. Without hesitation, he always was ready to offer up his life for his country and his people. All his actions were performed for the love of Eritrea detached from all personal interests. When he traveled to England for his medical treatment, his enemies maliciously accused him with false and malicious crimes. But, when whey they were asked to bring their accusations to the court, they refused. Thus these coward liars were exposed. For anyone who flies away from his or her accusation becomes coward. Anyone that fears the Western courts and does not stand his or her ground against his or her accusations becomes a coward. " } ] }, { "id": "b-eed79666c317e241bd4b4a96", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/5/0", "start": 52841, "end": 53674 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Thus the peoples of Eritrea have seen the difference between the heroism of courageous Naizghi Kflu and cowardice of his defamers. Instead of saying “Thank you!” for giving his life to save Eritrea from one of the most ruthless and the most brutal army that Africa has ever seen, some cowards decided to accuse him of false and malicious crimes." } ] }, { "id": "b-6c84178f26d04ac2e7adfdf7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/7/0", "start": 54090, "end": 54327 }, "anchors": [ "source-more-1620" ], "content": [ { "text": "Such was his selfless dedication that even when he was severely ill from different maladies, he did not even take one single penny from the public fund for his own medical treatment. In the end, his body was flown back to Eritrea." } ] }, { "id": "b-b05d9a112e3cd12bae272986", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/9/0", "start": 54338, "end": 55084 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Where is the place in the world whose highest ranking public Ministers are free from corruption, except in Eritrea? Where is the place in the world whose highest ranking highest ranking leaders are not afraid to die to protect their own people, except in Eritrea? Where is the place in the world whose highest ranking leaders wear less expensive clothes than their own people, except in Eritrea? Where is the place in the world whose leaders walk in the streets of their capital city without bodyguards or bullet proof vests, except in Eritrea? Where is the place in the world whose highest ranking leaders walk in the streets of New York in broad day light and even the in the darkness of the night, except Eritrean leaders?" } ] }, { "id": "b-8b5d1982c0a7da248243361c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/11/0", "start": 55095, "end": 55513 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "My heartfelt condolence and profound sympathy goes to his bereaved families, relatives and friends on this heavy loss of dearly beloved Tegadalay. He was not only a big loss to his family, he also was a big loss to his country. We can only wish and hope others will now arise, and through their selfless services seek to fill the gap which such a valuable Tegadalay has left in the forefront of the country." } ] }, { "id": "b-094e14881d6eaa2b764e8239", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/13/0", "start": 55524, "end": 55724 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "May God deal mercifully with his soul, and enable him attain to highest spiritual destiny, and may He also protect his bereaved family, and give enduring consolation to their grief loaded hearts." } ] }, { "id": "b-b95fcb917cd165bf80f67ee0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/15/0", "start": 55735, "end": 55756 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "With Loving prayers." } ] }, { "id": "b-e6430091d2df6d232246efbf", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/17/0", "start": 55767, "end": 55786 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Your true brother," } ] }, { "id": "b-fa776429f1b2713131fa65d7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/19/0", "start": 55797, "end": 55819 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Barnabas A. Yohannes. \n " }, { "text": "http://www.dehai.org/archives/dehai_archive/0037.html", "href": "http://www.dehai.org/archives/dehai_archive/0037.html" } ] }, { "id": "b-fbb518094e92d022cd2ee92e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/23/1/1/0", "start": 56077, "end": 56148 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"ብዛዕባ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ እንፈለጦ ጉዳይ የለን።\"ሓለፊ ቆንስላዊ ገዳያት መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-181183925fff4f8d0f596311", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/23/1/1/0", "start": 56077, "end": 56148 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " 02-23-2012፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-863b0dbd02c010646a3a5b23", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/23/1/1/0", "start": 56077, "end": 56148 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " ሬሳ ነፍስ-ሄር ናይዝጊ፡ ናብ ኤርትራ ናይ መስዳድ ዘሎ መደብ፡ ብቐጥታ ካብ ዝምልከቶም መልሲ ንምርካብ፡ ወኪል መስከረም፡ ትማሊ 02-22-2012 ከባቢ ሰዓት 8፡10 ቅ.ቀ. ብናይ ዲሲ ኣቆጻጽራ፡ ናብ ኤምባሲ ኤርትራ ናብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ብምድዋል ወኸሳ ገይሩ ነይሩ። ስልኪ ዝተቐበለት ጸሐፊት፡ ብዛዕበ መዋቲ ሕቶ ከም ዘለዎ ምሰ ሓበራ፡ ብዛዕባ'ዚ ዝመልከቶ ቆንስላዊ ጉዳያት እየ ስለ ዝበለት፡ ናብ ቆንስላዊ ጉዳያት ናብ ኣቶ ሚካኤል ኣመሓላለፍቶ።ምስ ሐሊፊ ቆንሳለዊ ጉዳያት ዝተባህሎ፡ ምስ ኣቶ ሚኪኤል እውን ብስልኪ ተራኸበ። ድሕሪ ሰላምታ ምቅይያር፡ ብዛዕባ መዋቲ ናብ ኤርትራ ዝኸደሉ መደብ ሓተተ፡፡ ኣቶ ሚካኤል ቁን-ቁል ኣፋ \" ንሕና እንፈልጦ ነገር የብልናን\" በለ፡፡ንስዳራ-ቤቱ ዘይትሓትት ዝብል ንሁር መልሲ የስምዕ። ስድራ-ቤት መዋቲ፡ ካብ መንግስቲ መልሲ ኣይረኸብናን ወይ እውን ዓዲ ንኽንቀበሮ ሓቲትናስ መልሲ ዛጊት ኣይተዋህበናን ይብሉ ከም ዘለዉ ሓበረታ ከም ዘሎ፡ ንኣቶ ሚካኤል የካፍሎ። እሞ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ፡ ኣብ ኤርትራ ስለ ዘሎ፡ መልሲ ካብኡ ዘይተረክብ ይብሎ።በል፡ ናብ ወኪል መንግስቲ ኤርትራ፡ ናብ ክቡር ኣምባሳደር ኣመሓላልፈኒ ይብሎ። እዚ ጉዳይ ንዕዑ ዝምለከት ኣይኰነን ኢሉ ይምልስ። ኣስዒቡ፡ \"ኣነ እኮ ንናይ እዝጊ ክፍሉ የኽበሮን የድንቖን እየ ...፡ስራሕ ስለ ዘለኒ ግን ኣብዚ ዘረባና ክንዓጹ ኢና\" በለ። ዕጉስን ጽን ኢሉ ዝሰምዕን ኣቶ ሚካኤል፡ ብኣገባብ ናይ ስልኪ ልዝብ ይድምደም። " } ] }, { "id": "b-890d5ac252adbfefeb78e859", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/23/1/1/0", "start": 56077, "end": 56148 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " ቅደሚ ስልኪ ምዕጻዉ ግን፡ \"ናብዚ ናብ ቤት ጽሕፈት ዘይተመጽእ\" ይብል፡፡ ወኪል መስከረም፡ ካብ ኣሜሪካ ይድውል ከም ዘሎ ብምሕባር የቐንየለይ ኢሉ ወኸሳኡ ወዲኡ ስልኪ ይዓጹ።ብኡ-ንብኡ ደጊሙ ናብ ኤምባሲ ብምድዋል፡ ምስ ክቡር ኣምባሳደር ክዛረብ ይሐትት፡ ኣብ ቤት ጽሐፍቱ ከመዘየለ ይሕበር።" } ] }, { "id": "b-c78fab73d666a9eec5bf1a03", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/23/1/1/0", "start": 56077, "end": 56148 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " " }, { "text": "ከመይ ዝበለ ክብደት ዘለዎ ጉዳይ ስለ ዝኾነ እዩ?", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-f9af66128a2a4f35a5b62b5d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/23/1/1/0", "start": 56077, "end": 56148 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " ካብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝን ካብ ውሽጢ ሃገርን ዝነፍስ ዘሎ ርጥብ ዝበለ ወረ፡ ጉዳይ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ናብ ፕረሲደነት ኢሰያስ ከም ዝተሰጋገረን፡ ዋላ'ውን ንገዛእ ርእሱ ኤምባሲ ኤርትራ ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ፡ ውሳኔ ናይ ፕረሲደንት ኢሰያስ ይጽበ ከም ዘሎ ይሕበር። ካሳብ ውሳኔ ፕረሲደንት ሃገር ኤርትራ ዘድልዮ ድኣ፡ ከመይ ዝበለ ክብደት ዘለዎ ጉዳይ ስለ ዝኾነ እዩ ዝብሉ ናብ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ቅርበት ዘለዎም ዜጋታት ትሒም-ትሒም ይብሉ ከም ዘለዉ ይፍለጥ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-f0ac82d3ff37bf31e4264ad7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/33/0", "start": 58026, "end": 58298 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ልዕለዋይ ብዓል ስልጣን ስርዓት ህግደፍ ኮይኑ ንነዊሕ ዓመታት ዘገልገለ ከምኡ ‘ውን ናይ ቀረባ ዓርኪ መላኺ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ ዝነበረ፡ ብ6 ለካቲት ኣብ ለንደን ዝዓረፈ ነፍሲሄር ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ክሳብ እዚ ስዓት’ዚ፡ ሬስኡ ናብ ኤርትራ ከይኣቱ ብምኽልካሉ ኣብ ቤተሰቡ ዝፈጠሮ ጭንቀትን ዓቕሊ ጽበትን ኣብ ጥርዚ በጺሑ፡ ቍንቍኛኡ ንደገፍትን ተደናገጽትን ናይቲ ስርዓት ከይተረፈ ደንጽዩዎም ምህላዉ ምህላዉ ምንጭታት ሓቢሮም።" } ] }, { "id": "b-fcbd3bbf148f4c0924fbc479", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/35/0", "start": 58319, "end": 58585 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ጸሎተ ፍትሓት ምስ ተገብረሉ ብቐጥታ ናብ ኤርትራ ክኸይድ ዝነበረ መደብ ተሰሪዙ፡ ኣብ ለንደን ኣብ ዝርከብ መጽንሒ ሬሳ ምምላሱ ዘጕሃዮም ስድራቤትን ፈተውቱን፡ ንልኡኽ ስርዓት ህግደፍ ተስፋሚካኤል ገራህቱ ደጋጊሞም ሓቲቶም ብዘይካ ‘ኣይፈለጥኩን’ ዝብል ናይ ብሃማት ምላሽ ርጡብ ምኽንያት ስለዝሰኣኑሉ፡ ብቐጥታ ንሰበስልጣን ህግደፍ ንምሕታት ጓሉ ናብ ኤርትራ ከይዳ ‘ኳ እንተቐነየት ዛጊት ኣውንታዊ ምላሽ ኣይተረኽበን።" } ] }, { "id": "b-4a4d9d103027266cba6027d1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/37/0", "start": 58606, "end": 58715 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብመሰረት’ቲ ሓበሬታ፡ ስድራቤት ዋላ ቀብርኹም ይትረፈና፡ ኣብቲ መዳሕንቱ ዝተቐብረሉ ዓዱ ሓመድ ኣዳም ከነልብሶ ኢሎም ዘቕርቡዎ ዘለዉ መሪር ምሕጽንታ ‘ውን ሰማዒ ስኢኑ ‘ሎ ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-571c43968547366f589787a9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/39/0", "start": 58736, "end": 58928 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እዚ ብትእዛዝ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ ተፈጺሙ ዘሎ እገዳ ሬሳ ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ካብ ቤተሰቡ ሓሊፉ ንብዙሓት ኣብ ወጻኢ ዝርከቡ ደገፍትን ተደናገጽትን ስርዓት ህግደፍ ኣጸይኑዎም ኣብ ርእሲ ምህላዉ፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ ኤርትራ’ውን እቲ ኩነታት ተላባዒ ትሒምሒምታ ኣስዒቡ ከምዘሎ ምንጭታት ካብ ኤርትራ ኣገንዚቦም " }, { "text": "Source assenna", "href": "http://assenna.com/%E1%88%9D%E1%8A%BD%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%8D-%E1%88%AC%E1%88%B3-%E1%88%8B%E1%8B%95%E1%88%88%E1%8B%8B%E1%8B%AD-%E1%89%A5%E1%8B%93%E1%88%8D-%E1%88%B5%E1%88%8D%E1%8C%A3%E1%8A%95-%E1%88%85%E1%8C%8D/" }, { "text": "።" } ] }, { "id": "b-cd28c1e8aca39a7ecb8af9dd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/41/0", "start": 59413, "end": 59440 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Eritrea Hagerey" } ] }, { "id": "b-8ee26b2b52f4a403c9a20e5b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/1/0", "start": 59499, "end": 62225 }, "anchors": [ "source-id_4f47ffcb" ], "content": [ { "text": "NIAZGHI KIFLU DIED ON THE 6th February 2012. Mr Naizghi Kiflu was one the high ranking officials of the PFDJ regime; a close friend and right hand man of Isaias Afewerki. He passed away in London, due to chronic illness.The death of Naizghi... Kiflu was not mentioned in any of the Eritrean government media almost ten days after his death. Tegadalay Naizghi Kiflu fought for 30 years and liberated Eritrea along with thousands of Eritreans. He has served as security chief, ambassador to Russia, deputy Interior Minister,Minister of Information till 2003 under the Isaias regime. On the day of his death government officials Mr. Yemane Ghebreab, Tesfamicael Gerahtu, and Mr. Osman Saleh, Minister of Foreign Affairs, had come to pay their 'respects' and informed the family that his body will be taken to Eritrea to receive a martyrs burial ceremony.....it has now been nearly 2 weeks and.......THEY HAVE REFUSED TO ALLOW THE BODY TO BE TAKEN TO ERITREA, WHERE SEVERAL MEMBERS OF HIS FAMILY AWAIT FOR HIS BURIAL!" } ] }, { "id": "b-fcb2cf5a4321aef35f03d9bf", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/1/0", "start": 59499, "end": 62225 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Naizghi Kiflu joined the revolution in 1970, and even played a bigger part of the revolution than Isaias himself! Throughout the war and years after, Naizghi was the hands to Isaias's arm until his health deteriorated and was no longer able to serve. HE WAS NEVER PART OF ANY OPPOSITION, IN FACT HE WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE IMPRISONMENT OF THE G15 AND ASMARA FREE PRESS JOURNALISTS WHO WERE NOT SUPPORTERS OF THE POLICIES PFDJ REGIME ALTERED TO SUIT THEIR NEEDS!" } ] }, { "id": "b-e1aebbb6135649d4223235f7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/1/0", "start": 59499, "end": 62225 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " The UK and Northern Ireland ambassador, Tesfamicael Gerahtu, vowed that the Eritrean government will do everything to give Naizghi Kiflu one of the grandest martyrs burial ceremony, on the land he dedicated every second of his life to protect. 10 DAYS LATER ISAIAS AFWORKI REFUSED TO DO SO! " } ] }, { "id": "b-8547fb322ec6326f4ce6b343", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/1/0", "start": 59499, "end": 62225 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " WHEN NAIZGHI WAS ALIVE, NOT A SINGLE MEMBER OF THE PFDJ EXPRESSED ANY SORT OF DISLIKE, OR HATRED TOWARDS HIM, WHEN HE WENT TO VISIT ERITREA HE CAME AND WENT AS HE PLEASED......BUT NOW HE IS DEAD, ISAIAS DENIES HIS CORPSE TO BE BURIED!!??!! HOW CAN YOU BE SO EVIL TO A DEAD MAN LET ALONE TO ONE OF YOUR CLOSEST ALLIES?? " } ] }, { "id": "b-24dd16c066a98868c3d66c28", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/1/0", "start": 59499, "end": 62225 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " I WOULD NOT WISH THIS ON MY ENEMIES, I WOULD NOT WISH THIS ON SATAN HIMSELF!" } ] }, { "id": "b-c804b0f1f14d39a0d06c5ca3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/1/0", "start": 59499, "end": 62225 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " NAIZGHI KIFLU 1946-2012\n HUSBAND\n FATHER\n TEGADELIE " } ] }, { "id": "b-c205724d36ca7bd374c112da", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/1/0", "start": 59499, "end": 62225 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " R.I.P" }, { "text": "See More", "href": "/documents/c0a10d4075e71d0e53b7a057/" } ] }, { "id": "b-d6790173fe0ce070f2453d66", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/3/0", "start": 62248, "end": 62315 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Source http://www.facebook.com/pages/Sophia-Tesfamariam/311514306495" } ] }, { "id": "b-c2b42f8596fb7c65b43cffe6", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/6", "start": 62340, "end": 62884 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "ሬሳ ኣቦኣ ኣብ ኤርትራ ክቕበር ንመራሕቲ ስርዓት ህግደፍ ክትልምን ናብ ኣስመራ ዝኸደት ጓል ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ናብ ገዝኣ ከይትኣቱ ብወተሃደራት ህግደፍ ተኸልኪላ ከምዝነበረት ተፈሊጡ።", "href": "http://assenna.com/%e1%88%ac%e1%88%b3-%e1%8a%a3%e1%89%a6%e1%8a%a3-%e1%8a%a3%e1%89%a5-%e1%8a%a4%e1%88%ad%e1%89%b5%e1%88%ab-%e1%8a%ad%e1%89%95%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ad-%e1%8a%95%e1%88%98%e1%88%ab%e1%88%95%e1%89%b2-%e1%88%b5/" } ] }, { "id": "b-904850b3a5c570f89b45af6a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/8/0", "start": 62905, "end": 62915 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Posted on " }, { "text": "February 25, 2012", "href": "http://assenna.com/%e1%88%ac%e1%88%b3-%e1%8a%a3%e1%89%a6%e1%8a%a3-%e1%8a%a3%e1%89%a5-%e1%8a%a4%e1%88%ad%e1%89%b5%e1%88%ab-%e1%8a%ad%e1%89%95%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ad-%e1%8a%95%e1%88%98%e1%88%ab%e1%88%95%e1%89%b2-%e1%88%b5/" }, { "text": " by " }, { "text": "assenna", "href": "http://assenna.com/author/assenna/" } ] }, { "id": "b-69cbc33ec544a35de566aeac", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/1/0", "start": 63449, "end": 63746 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሬሳ ኣቦኣ ኣብ ኤርትራ ክቕበር ንመራሕቲ ስርዓት ህግደፍ ክትልምን ካብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ናብ ኣስመራ ዝኸደት ጓል ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ኣብ ኣስመራ ንዝርከብ መንበሪ ገዝኡ ክሕልዉ ብኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ ዝተኣዘዙ ወተሃራት ስርዓት ህግደፍ ናብቲ ገዛ ምእታው ከምዝኸልኡዋ፡ ኣብ መወዳእታ ግን መራሒ ስርዓት ግህደፍ ተሓቲቱ ሓንቲ ክፍሊ ጥራይ ክኸፍቱላ ብዝሃቦ መምርሒ መሰረት ከፊላዊ ፍቓድ ከምዝተዋህባ ድሒሩ ካብ ኣስመራ ዝበጽሓና ሓበሬታ ኣረዲኡ።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-7fb91e05c02fb19cda55f764", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/5/0", "start": 63835, "end": 64033 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ይኹንምበር እታ ኣቦኣ ኣብ ዓዲ ክቕበር ዝገደፎ ለበዋ ከተኽብር ናብ ኣስመራ ከይዳ ዘላ ሓዘንተኛ ጓሉ ክሳብ ሕጂ ኣውንታዊ ምላሽ ኣይረኸበትን። ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ፡ ኣብ እገዳ ሬሳ ናይዝጊ ስለዝደረቐ፡ ስነስርዓት ቀብሩ ንልዕሊ 3 ሰሙን ተዳናጕዩ ቤተሰቡ ሰንፈላል ኮይኖም ኣለዉ።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-fe9e03eccb948d21be04da49", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/7/0", "start": 64058, "end": 64292 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኢሳይያስ ንሬሳ ናይ ቀረባ ዓርኩን ብደረጃ ሚኒስተርነት ካልኦት ክብ ዝበሉ መዝነታትን ንነዊሕ ዓመታት ዘገልገሎ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ብኸምዚ ዝኣመሰለ ዘጸይን ውርደተኛ ኣገባብ ምሓዙ፡ ‘ ምስ ምዉታን ዝከራኸር ስርዓት ደኣ ንርእሱ ህይወት የብሉን’ እናተባህለ ብብዙሓት ኣብ ወጻኢ ዝርከቡ ደገፍቲ ናይቲ ስርዓት ከይተረፈ ተኻዒቡ ከምዘሎ ተፈሊጡ ‘", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-701412c7fe6832d986e0505a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/9/0", "start": 64317, "end": 64334 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሎ", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-e61c38f592768b7fc3399e23", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/13/0", "start": 64503, "end": 64532 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ናብ ገዛ ነፍሰ ሄር ናይዝጊ ብምኻድ ዝበጽሑን፥ \n መንግስቲ ናይ ቀብሩ ሓላፍነት ከም ዝስከም ዝሐበሩን ሰበ-ስልጣን ኤርትራ" } ] }, { "id": "b-b29f91efd981df585039fe31", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/15/1/0", "start": 64650, "end": 64832 }, "anchors": [ "source-comments2" ], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "ካብ ሃገር እንግሊዝ ዝተላእከልና ብሩጡብነቱ እንተኣማመነሉ ሓጺር ሪፖርት" } ] }, { "id": "b-cb3e2110403ab7d22ea870df", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/15/1/0", "start": 64650, "end": 64832 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": " ሎንዶን ዓዲ-እንግሊ 26/2/12" } ] }, { "id": "b-bf65384ea82f42c3f1da6ffb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/15/3/0", "start": 64859, "end": 64859 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ክሳብ ሎሚ ዘይመጽሓፍየይ ገለ’ዶ ኾን ለውጢ ይረከብ ይኽውን ብማለት ኢዩ ነይሩ። ዋላ ሓንቲ ለውጢ ገና የልቦን።" } ] }, { "id": "b-66d6c92ef8c8e5e85a5e9481", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/15/5/0", "start": 64989, "end": 64989 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ክትሓትት ተባሂሉ ዝተላአከት ጓል መዋቲ ጌና አይተመልሰትን። ክሳብ ሎሚ ከኣ አበይን መአስን ከም ዝቕበር አይተፈልጠን።" } ] }, { "id": "b-fe2c5fc5a02c14dc6e243dac", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/15/7/0", "start": 65124, "end": 65124 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "መጀመርታ ወይ ምስ ዓረፈ፡ አምበሳደር ተ. ገራህቱ ምስ ብጾቱ ብወግዒ ከም ዘበጽሐን፤ መብልዕ ቁርሲ ምስ ረአየ ድማ “ሓላፍነት መንግስቲ ስለ ዝኾነ አልዕሉዎ ደአ” ከም ዝበልን ላዕለዎት ሓለፍቱ (ማንኪን ናይ ወጻኢ ሚኒስተርን አሰኒዩ ከም ዝበጽሕዎን ተረጋጊጹ። ሬሳ መዋቲ ንፍትሓት ናብ ቤተ-ክሪስቲያን ምስ ከደን፤ ፍትሓት ምስ ተወድአን፡ ታሪኽ መዋቲ ክንበብ ምስ ተሓተ፤ ስለ ዘየዳለዉን ዘይነበሩን ከይተነበ ጥራይ ዘይኮነስ ገለ ዘይንቡርን ዘይተጸበዩዎን ከም ዘሎ ተረጋገጸ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-4bcd290951a5c85b67cd2db0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/15/9/0", "start": 65501, "end": 65501 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ካብታ መዓልቲ ፍተሓት ንደሓር እዩ ድማ እቲ ጉዳይ ናብ (ፓብሊክ) እቲ ወረ ዝተዘርግሐ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-d729d4b3a158067ff41a1b37", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/15/11/0", "start": 65616, "end": 65616 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እቲ ሽማግለ ካብ ህዝቢ (አተውቲ-ወጻእቲ ኤምባሲ) ንኽሓቱ ከይዶሞ ዝበሃል ከኣ፡ ሓቂ ክነሱ ብስሩዕ ወይ እውን ብጥርናፈ ዝተላእኩ ዘይኮነስ በቢመንገዶም ስለ ዝንበረን ብዝተፈላለዩ ሰባትን አብ ዝተፈላለየ እዋንን ብምንባሩ በዚ መዓልትን ሰዓትን ክበሃል አጸጋሚ ኮይኑ ረኺበዮ አሎኹ። ኣምባሳደር ተ. ገራህቱ እዚ ጉዳይ ካብ ዓቕማይ ንላዕሊ እዩ ከም ዝበሎም ግን ዝተረጋገጸ ሓበሬታ እዩ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-e338fbd6e011d3a9c0a67367", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/17/0", "start": 65956, "end": 66116 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብባህልናን እምነትናን ካብ ዓለም ብሞት ንዝተፍለየና ኣልዒልካ ምዝላፍ ወይ ምኽሳስ ግቡእ እኳ እንተዘይኮነ: ድሕሪ ሞት ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ: ከምቲ ቅድሚ ሞቱ ኣዝዩ ዘይንቡር ብምኻኑ: ናይ ብዙሓት ሰባት ቀልቢ ስሒቡ: ዓቢ መዛረቢ ኣርእስቲ ኮይኑ ኣሎ።\n ናይዚ ኩሉ ጋዕ ገልጠም ተሓታቲ ድማ ኣብ ኤርትራ ገባርን ሓዳግን ዝኾነ ኣቶ ኢሳያስ ኣፈወርቂ እዩ። ገለ ምንጫታት ከም ዝሕብርዎ፤ ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ከምዚ ኣብ ኮምቢተር “ሳይበራዊ ኲናት” ዘጻውድዎ ስሌታዊ ነታጒ ከየጻወደ ኣይተርፍን እዩ፤ ዝብል እዩ። ገለ ገለ ሰባት ነዚ ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ኣጻዊዱ ገዲፍዎ ዘሎ ጽሑፍ “ኑዛዜ ናይዝጊ” ኢሎም ብትሒምትሒም ይዛረብሉ ኣለዉ።\n እቲ ዘገርም ኣቶ ኢሳያስ ብዛዕባ “ኑዛዜ ናይዝጊ” ከመይ ኣቢሉ በጽሖ። ትሕዝቶ መጽሃፈ “ኑዛዜ ናይዝጊ” ኸ እንታይ ይኸውን? ዝብል እዩ።Lekatit\n It makes sense, there is something that is happening behind the curtain, And i believe it is an expose, The dictator is trying to damage the reputation of Nizghi, so if Naizgh says something, the followers will think it is a lie concocted by the family. To avenge Naizghi…" } ] }, { "id": "b-66b4422b95112442160a5cbd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/18/0", "start": 66788, "end": 66808 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Hmmm real life drama!" } ] }, { "id": "b-af1dc154fb2e39aff2c292db", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/21", "start": 66835, "end": 67239 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "ዜና ዕረፍቲ ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉን ኢሰብኣዊ ተግባራት ኢሳያስ ኣፈወርቅን", "href": "http://assenna.com/%e1%8b%9c%e1%8a%93-%e1%8b%95%e1%88%a8%e1%8d%8d%e1%89%b2-%e1%8a%a3%e1%89%b6-%e1%8a%93%e1%8b%ad%e1%8b%9d%e1%8c%8a-%e1%8a%ad%e1%8d%8d%e1%88%89%e1%8a%95-%e1%8a%a2%e1%88%b0%e1%89%a5%e1%8a%a3%e1%8b%8a/" } ] }, { "id": "b-d5aa5e9b192d9ffe852bcb36", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/23/0", "start": 67266, "end": 67362 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ከምቲ ኣብ ናይ ኤርትራውያን ተቃወምቲ ማዕከናት ዜና ዝግለጽ ዘሎ ኣነውን ንናይ ሞት ዕረፍቲ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ እታ ዝዓረፈላ ምዓልቲ ብሰኑይ 6 ለካቲት ሰሚዔ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-85b89a5507d980b81fe6f369", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/25/0", "start": 67393, "end": 67748 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሚኒስተር ወጻኢ ጉዳያት ኤርትራ ኣቶ ዑስማን ሳልሕን ናይ ሓላፊ ፓለቲካዊ ጉዳያት ህ.ግ.ደ.ፍን ኣማኻሪ ፕረዚደንት ኢሳያስ ኣፈወርቅን ኣቶ የማነ ገብረኣብን ምስ መንግስቲ እንግሊዝ ንክራኸቡ ኢሎም ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ከተማ ለንደን ስለዝነበሩ፣ ብኣንባሳደር ኤርትራ ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝን ኣየርላንድን ኣቶ ተስፍሚካኤል ገራህቱ ተዓጂቦም ንብጻዮም ነበር ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክበጽሑ ንገዝኡ ምስከዱ በጋጣሚ ሽዑ ዓሪፍ ጸኒሑዎም፣ ከምቲ ንቡር ነቢዖም ሓዚኖም ከዱ። ብድሕሪኡ ዋላ እኳ ኣብ ከተማ ለንደን እንተጸንሑ፣ ናብ እንዳ ሓዘን ገጾም ከይተቐልቀሉ ንኤርትራ ተመልሱ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-1c7bba8227dcce2c16654b08", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/27/0", "start": 67779, "end": 68063 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብሓሙስ ዕለት 9 ለካቲት ኣብ እንዳምኪኤል ናይ ተዋህዶ ቤተክርስትያን ኣብ ዝተገብረ ናይ ፍትሓት ስነስርዓት፣ ካብ ኤንባሲ ኤርትራ ንመንግስቲ ኤርትራ ወኪሉ ዝተረኽበ ሰብ ኣይነበረን። እቶም ቀንዲ ደገፍቲ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ’ውን ኣይተረኽቡን። ህይወት ታሪኽ ናይ ምውት’ውን ኣይተነበበን። እቲ ናይ ስርዓተ ቐብሪ ፍትሓት ዝገበረ ካህን ቀሺ ዮሃንስ ስብሃቱ’ውን ቀንዲ ደጋፊ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ስለዝኾነ በቲ ዝተዓዘቦ ከይገረሞ ኣይተርፍን ኢለ ይኣምን።" } ] }, { "id": "b-a823497684c2ba3f630f498a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/29/0", "start": 68094, "end": 68333 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሬሳ ምውት ብቀዳም ዕለት 11 ለካቲት ንኤርትራ ከምዝኸይድ ተሓቢሩ። ድሕሪ እቲ ፍትሓት ግን ኣብ ስድራቤት ምውት ሻቕሎት ክረእይ ጀሚሩ። እቶም ናይ ምውት ሬሳ ንኤርትራ ንክኸይድ ሓላፍነት ወሲዶም ዝነበሩ ናይ ሬሳን ቀብርን ዘሳልጡ ትካል ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ንናይ ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ሬሳ ብካርጎ ንክኸይድ ዘድልዮም ፍቓድ ካብ ኤንባሲ ኤርትራ ኣብ ለንደን ክረኽቡ ኣይክኣሉን።" } ] }, { "id": "b-9127b3186cf74d95c132b62e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/31/0", "start": 68364, "end": 68978 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብዓልቲ ቤት ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ወ/ሮ ሓረጉ ንኣንባሳደር ተስፋሚካኤል ገራህቱ ብተደጋጋሚ ክትረኽቦ እኳ እንተፈተነት የለኹን ክምዘበለ ይንገር። ካብኡ ሓሊፋ’ውን ንኤርትራ ናብ ዝተፈላለዩ ሰበስልጣናትን ናብ ኣቶ ኢሳያስ ኣፈወርቂ ከይተረፈ ንኽትረክቦምን ንክሕግዙዋ ኢላ ደዊላ እኳ እንተነበረት ከምዘይተዓወተት ግን ተፈሊጡ። ጓሉ ንናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ማርታ ናይዝጊ ንኤንባሲ ኤርትራ ኣብ ለንደን ብኣካል ከይዳ ሬሳ ናይ ኣቡኣ ንምንታይ ንኤርትራ ከይዱ ንክቕበር ተኽልኪሉ? መንከ እዩ እቲ ከልካሊ? ኢላ ኣብ ዝሓተትሉ፣ ኣቶ ሚኪኤል ተስፋይ መምርሒ ካብ ወጻኢ ጉዳያት ኤርትራ ይጽበዩ ከምዘለው ምስነገራ፣ መንዩ እቲ ወጻኢ ጉዳያት ትብሎ ዘለኻ፣ ሚንስተር ናይ ወጻኢ ጉዳያት ኣብ ገዛና መጺኡ ሓዘን በጺሑ ከይዱ እንድዩ። እሱ ደይኮነን ሓላፊ ናይ ሚኒስትሪ ወጻኢ ጉዳያት ኢላ ከምዝመለሰትሉ ይሕበር። ብድሕሪኡ እቲ ጉዳይ ኣብ ለንደን ክፍታሕ ክምዘይክእል ምስተረድእት ‘ንባባኣ ኢሳያስ’ ባዕላ ክትረኽቦ ኢላ ንኣስመራ ከምዝኽደትን ኣብዚ እዋን’ዚ ኣብኡ ከምትርከብ ተረጋጊጹ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-b82bc2e6c0d51f000e64bc18", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/33/0", "start": 69009, "end": 69215 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ኣብዝሓለፈ ዓመት ኣዝዩ ሓሚሙን ዋላ’ውን ክዛረበሉ ኣብ ዘይክእለሉ ደረጃ እኳ እንተነበረ፣ ቀቅድሚ ህይወቱ ምሕላፋ ዓይኑ ቋሕ ኣቢሉ ልሳኑ ከፊቱ “ኣይትደንጉያኒ ንዓደይ ውሰዳኒ” ኢሉ ተላብዩ እዩ ዓሪፍ።ብኡኡ ድማ እየን ሰበይቱን ደቁን ናይ መዋቲ ሬሳ ንዓዱ ክንወስዶ ኣለና ኢለን ኩሉ ዝከኣለን ዝገብራ ዘለዋ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-63c7487824c6deb5da98befc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/35/0", "start": 69246, "end": 69302 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብዚ እዋን’ዚ ናይ መዋቲ ሬሳ፣ ኣብ መቐመጢ ሬሳታት ኣብ ከተማ ለንደን እዩ ዝርከብ ዘሎ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-329d769265fd9523da1265ef", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/37/0", "start": 69333, "end": 69807 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እዚ ከምዚ ኢሉ ከሎ ነንባቢ ክገልጾ ዝደሊ፡ ኣነ ከም ተጣባቂት ሰብኣዊ መሰላት መጠን ንናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ካብ 2005 ጀሚረ በቲ ኣብ ልዕሊ ኤርትራውያን ዘውረዶ ግፍዕታት፣ ማእሰርቲ፣ቅትለትን ስቅያትን ገለ ካብ ግዳያቱ ወኪለ ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ኣብ ፍርዲ ንክቐርብ ክሰርሕ ጸኒሔ። እቲ ንዑዑ ኣብ ፍርዲ ንምቕራብ ዝግበር ዝነበረ መስርሕ ከደናጎይ ምስ ጀመረን ናይ ጥዕንኡ ጉዳይ’ውን ኣሻቓሊ እንዳኾነ ምስመጸን ብዕለት 2 ግንቦት 2008፣ ነቲ እሱ ዝገበሮ ግፍዕታትን ክስታትን ዘቓልዕን እቲ ጉዳይ ብፓሊስ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ይጽናዕ ከምዘሎ ዝገልጽ ሓበሬታ ኣብ ህዝቢ ዘርጊሔ። ኣብቲ እዋን’ቲ ናይዝጊ መበል 17 ጽንብል ናጽነት ኤርትራ ምስ ኢሳያስ ኣፈወርቂ ሓቢሩ ከውዕል ብዕለት 10 ግንቦት 2008 ናብ ኤርትራ ንክኸይድ ምድላዋቱ ወዲኡ ነይሩ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-d7eae9aa9b63d17b6e6dd0f8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/39/0", "start": 69838, "end": 70051 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እንተኾነ ውልቀመላኺ ኢሳያስ እቲ ብዕለት 2 ግንቦት ብኣይ ዝተዘርግኸ ጽሑፍ ስለዘሰንበዶን ኣብቲ ተጌሩ ኢለ ዝገለጽኩዎ ግፍዕታት ኢድ ከምዘይብሉ ንምምሳል ንናይዝጊ ናብ ኤርትራ ገጹ ከይመጽእ፣ ብዳሬክተር ሃገራዊ ድሕነት ኤርትራ ኣቶ ኣብርሃ ካሳ ብዕለት 3 ግንቦት 2008 ኣደዊሉ “ኣብኡ ጽናሕ ከይትመጽእ” ዝብል መልእኽቲ ኣመሓላለፈ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-78a2b2a383d262062b43fec1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/41/0", "start": 70082, "end": 70461 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ካብታ ዕለት እቲኣ ኣትሒዙ ናይዝጊ ዘይተጸበዮን ዘይሓሰቦን ጥልመት ብጎይትኡ ኢሳይስ ኣብ ልዕሊኡ ክፍጸም ስለዝረኣየ፣ ብጭንቀትን ብሕርቃንን ኣብ ቅድሚ እቶም ዝቐርቦም ከስተንትን ይስማዕ ኔሩ። ኢሳያስ ኣፈወርቂ በዚ ከይተደረተ እቲ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ከም የማናይ ኢዱ ኮይኑ ኣብ ናይ ጥፍኣት ወፍሪ ንልዕሊ 32 ዓመት ዘገልገሎ ከም መልክዕ ሞሳን ምስጋናን እቲ ናይ ደጊያት ሓረጎት ዝቕመጡሉ ዝነበሩ ቪላ ሂብዎ ዝነበረ ኣብቲ እዋን ንብርቱ ኣብደገ ከምዝድረበይ ጌሩ ነቲ ቤት ብሓይሉ ወሰዶ። እዚ ተግባር ንናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ይኹን ንስድሩኡ ኣዝዩ ዘሕረቀ ጉዳይ ከምዝነበረን ከምዘሎን’ውን ይፍለጥ እዩ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-e18fa9f1b2bf98bb25597575", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/43/0", "start": 70492, "end": 70778 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ልክዕ ከም ህጻን ንኢሳያስ ናፊቐ ኢሉ ይበክን ይንኽነኽን ከምዘይነበረ ርክቡ ምስ ኢሳያስ ብከምዚ ዝዓይነቱ ክድዓት ምዝዛሙ ንናይዝጊ ኣዝዩ ስለዝደንጸዎን ስለዘሕረቆን ድማ እዩ ናይዝጊ ኢሳያስ ትብል ሽም ኣጥፊኡ “ፈርዖን” ዝብል ሽም ኣጠሚቑዎ ዝነበረን ከምኡ’ውን “ፈርዖን ደርብይኒ” ኢሉ ዘንጸርጽር ዝነበረ። እዚ ጭንቀት እዚ ዝፈጠሮ’ውን ክኸውን ይኽእል ጉዳይ ጥዕንኡ ካብ ጊዜ ናብ ጊዜ ከንቆልቁል ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ ንሞቱ ጠንቂ ዝኾነ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-3004ed8058942d67fe575be5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/45/0", "start": 70809, "end": 71162 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ቅድሚ ግንቦት 2008 ክብሩ ኣብ ኤንባሲ ኤርትራ ኣብ ለንደን፣ ምስ ደገፍቲ ህ.ግ.ደ.ፍ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ይኹን ኣብቶም ላዕለዎት ሰበስልጣናት ህግደፍ ሰማይ ዝዓረገ እዩ ነይሩ። ክስታት ናይዝጊ ቃልዕ ክኸውን ኣብ ዝጀመረሉ እዋን ግና እቲ ከም ፈጣሪኡ ዝሰግደሉ ዝነበረ ኣንባሳደር ተስፋሚካኤል ገራህቱ’ውን ከይተረፈ እዩ ካብቲ ኤንባሲ ዘርሓቖን ንናይዝጊ ኣመልኪቱ ካብ ሓደ ጋዤጠኛ ወዲ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ንዝቐረበሉ ሕቶታት’ ውን ከይሓፈረ “ናይዝጊ ዝኾነ ይኹን ርክብ ምሳና የብሉን ብዛዕባ’ዚ ውልቀሰብ’ውን ንፈልጦ ዝኾነ ነገር የልቦን ዝበለ”።" } ] }, { "id": "b-637f3c83bacf73128e49118d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/47/0", "start": 71193, "end": 71693 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ፓሊስ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ እቲ ዝገብሩዎ ዝነበሩ መጽናዕቲ ኣጠናቒቆም ብዕለት 8 ሰነ 2009 ን16 ሰዓታት ገዝኡ ፈተሽዎ። ዝኣክል ሓበሬታ’ውን ኣከቡ። እቲ ብድሕሪኡ ዝስዕብ ስጉምቲ ምእሳር ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ እዩ ነይሩ። ግና ኣብተን 16 ሰዓታት ንገዝኡ ክፍትሹ ከለው ዝተዓዘቡዎ፣ ጥዕንኡ ኣብ ዝኸፍእ ኹነታት ወዲቑ ከምዘሎን እቲ ኣብልዕሊ ንጹሃት ኤርትራውያን ዘውረዶ በደል ይኹን እቲ መስርዕ ናይ ክሲ ኣብ ፍርዲ ቀሪቡ ክርድኦ ከምዘይክል ገሚቶም ካብ ሰለስተ ሓካይም ነጻ ዝኾነ ጸብጻብ ብዛዕባ ኩነታቱ ሓቲቶም፣ ጉዳይ ጥዕንኡ እንዳገደደ እንበር ክመሓየሽ ከምዘይክእል ኣረጋገጹ። ብድሕሪኡ ንዓይን ንምሳይ ኮይኑ ብቐረባ ዝሰርሕ ዝነበረ ጠበቓ ናይ ሪድሬስ ዝበሃል ማሕበር ሓበሩና። ከም መዕጸዊ እቲ ጉዳይ’ውን ንዓናን ነቶም ኣነ ዝወከልኩዎም ግዳያት ናይዝጊ ነቲ ውሳነኦም ብጽሑፍ ተዋሂብና" }, { "text": "። Read more", "href": "http://assenna.com/%E1%8B%9C%E1%8A%93-%E1%8B%95%E1%88%A8%E1%8D%8D%E1%89%B2-%E1%8A%A3%E1%89%B6-%E1%8A%93%E1%8B%AD%E1%8B%9D%E1%8C%8A-%E1%8A%AD%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8A%95-%E1%8A%A2%E1%88%B0%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%A3%E1%8B%8A/" } ] }, { "id": "b-0f29566bc454eb368e10c7d3", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49", "start": 72018, "end": 110996 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-1b1107299fe83988514ecb87", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1", "start": 72092, "end": 93066 }, "anchors": [ "source-comment-" ], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-134c3f0387ea057cda8c7ca5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/1/1/1/1/0", "start": 72280, "end": 72332 }, "anchors": [ "source-comment-2", "source-div-comment-2281" ], "content": [ { "text": "Comment by YAY says: [http://erigazette.org/?p=1758]" } ] }, { "id": "b-3f8a9d8acf42d74c3299f84f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/1/1/1/3/0", "start": 72379, "end": 72522 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "February 28, 2012 at 12:50 am", "href": "http://erigazette.org/?p=1758#comment-2281" } ] }, { "id": "b-e8168628be5e35990d63b294", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/1/1/3/0", "start": 72605, "end": 72656 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Dear All: Elsa Chyrum & Co. had no “strong” " }, { "text": "legal case against Naizghi Kiflu", "href": "/documents/0d517e281e827b417cc5063b/" } ] }, { "id": "b-6a612478dd2cd7c877bd744e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/1/1/5/0", "start": 72829, "end": 73414 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Elsa Chyrum, a “human rights activist” of Eritrean origin, now residing in Britain, and an NGO known as Redress tried to bring Naizghi Kiflu to a British criminal court for alleged crimes they believed Naizghi had committed in Eritrea against Eritreans. They failed. Elsa & Co. failed because, it seems, their case was primarily based on only the statements of three “main witnesses”. Their case did not pass the first legal test. It was dismissed before it was even brought to a British court of law. Here is how Leonard Vincent of Reporters Without Borders put it:" } ] }, { "id": "b-b838e7597ad42ca39603d7e1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/1/1/7/0", "start": 73455, "end": 73488 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“From police case to moral outrage" } ] }, { "id": "b-25f0d302c7d3bba4f551f216", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/1/1/9/0", "start": 73529, "end": 73847 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The British police began taking a serious interest in Naizghi in 2005. Three Eritreans who were direct witnesses of the role he played in the government’s repressive apparatus were questioned at the behest of the Crown Prosecution Service’s anti-terrorist section in 2006 and 2007. Investigators visited several\n European countries to take statements from exiled Eritreans who were direct victims or witnesses of Naizghi’s activities in his long career as minister and presidential adviser. If the case had been sufficiently solid, he could have been prosecuted under article 134 of the 1988 Criminal Justice Act, which punishes\n torture regardless of the perpetrator’s nationality and where it was committed. If convicted, he could have been sentenced to life imprisonment. Although very detailed, the statements of the three main witnesses were apparently not enough to take the president’s special adviser to court. “The police told me they thought\n the case was not strong enough to go to trial, but they never agreed to write this down in black and white,” Chyrum said.The investigators in charge of the case declined to answer ReportersWithout Borders’ questions, referring us to the police press office.\n “Since we cannot make a court case out of Naizghi, we can at least turn it into a moral case, Chyrum said,“so that this man will from now on live surrounded by people who know he is a criminal.” To satisfy her desire for justice for one of Eritrea’s most feared officials, Chyrum decided to post a long report on several reputable Eritrean exile websites on 1 May detailing the various stages of her fight\n against the man who, over the years, has become her chief concern.”" } ] }, { "id": "b-e93c7849eacba3352eb2e648", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/1/1/11/0", "start": 75485, "end": 75493 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "[Source: " }, { "text": "http://www.rog.at/Eritrea_2008.pdf", "href": "http://www.rog.at/Eritrea_2008.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "b-9f6ce2200109a32c7abd75f7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/1/1/13/0", "start": 75674, "end": 76867 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "But Elsa Chyrum continues to call Naizghi Kiflu “a criminal”. We have to remind our sister that human rights are essentially equal rights; and one of the basic tenets of human/equal rights is that a person is regarded innocent until proven guilty by a court of law. Elsa & Co. could not prove that Naizghi was a criminal in a court of law, and therefore, have no legal grounds to mischaracterize Naizghi Kiflu as “a criminal” just because they have got statatements (without additional evidence) from some accusers. Elsa & Co. have to desist from violating the human rights of Naizghi Kiflu’s and family’s, or anyone else’s for that matter, based on nothing but hearsay or unproven allegations. That is not protecting human rights. Doing so is immoral. If Elsa & Co. cannot prove their case in a court of law, their continued mischaracterization is nothing legitimate but a political statement. Violating the human rights of the accused in an effort to protect those of the accusers is contrary to, or at least inconsistent with, the principles of human or equal rights. Elsa & Co. are, knowingly or unknowingly, violating both principles/rights." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-c89b0a171431c35548243667", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/3/1", "start": 77012, "end": 77375 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "ከርሲ መሬትካን፡ ሕዝብኻን ኣይጽላእካ።", "href": "http://assenna.com/%e1%8a%a8%e1%88%ad%e1%88%b2-%e1%88%98%e1%88%ac%e1%89%b5%e1%8a%ab%e1%8a%95%e1%8d%a1-%e1%88%95%e1%8b%9d%e1%89%a5%e1%8a%bb%e1%8a%95-%e1%8a%a3%e1%8b%ad%e1%8c%bd%e1%88%8b%e1%8a%a5%e1%8a%ab%e1%8d%a2/" } ] }, { "id": "b-6eeaf865a5f0f126fa1263f6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/3/3/0", "start": 77412, "end": 77422 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Posted on " }, { "text": "February 27, 2012", "href": "http://assenna.com/%e1%8a%a8%e1%88%ad%e1%88%b2-%e1%88%98%e1%88%ac%e1%89%b5%e1%8a%ab%e1%8a%95%e1%8d%a1-%e1%88%95%e1%8b%9d%e1%89%a5%e1%8a%bb%e1%8a%95-%e1%8a%a3%e1%8b%ad%e1%8c%bd%e1%88%8b%e1%8a%a5%e1%8a%ab%e1%8d%a2/" }, { "text": " by " }, { "text": "assenna", "href": "http://assenna.com/author/assenna/" } ] }, { "id": "b-73b94cf2b6758f8422764c24", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/3/5/1/0", "start": 78001, "end": 78665 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ለንቅነ፡ ሓደ መሳጢ ድራማ፡ ኣብ ቅድሚ የዒንትና፡ ክፍጸም ረኣና። ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ [ናይ እዝጊ ምባሉኳ የሰክፍዩ፡ ናይ ኢሳያስ/ናይሳያስ ምባሉ ይቀለል] ፈትሊ ሂወቱ ተበጣጢሳስ፡ ስግኡን ትንፋሱን ምስ ተፈልየት፡ ወያ ኣይኡ ኢሳያስ፡ ሬስኡ ኣይተርኢዩኒ፡ ኣሻፈረኝ! ክብል ረኣናዮ። ነቲ ድራማ መታን ክጥዕም ድማንስ፡ ወያ ትንፋስ ናይዝግስ፡ ኣብ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ እያ ዝሓለፈት። ሬሳ ናይዝጊ ድማኒ፡ ኣብዘን ዝሓለፋ ሓሙሽተ ኣመታት፡ ንሱ ብሂወቱ እንከሎ ዝተንቀሳቀሰልን ንላእሊ ተንቀሳቂሱ ይኸው’ዩ። ንፌራ ዘለዎ ሬሳ ከማን፡ ከምዚ ገይርካ ኣይተከላበቶን!። ወደያ ገራህቱ፡ ዃደረ ህግደፍ ኣብ ዓባይ ብርጣንያ ድማኒ፡ ‘ኣነሰ ኣይፈለጥኩን ክሓተልኩም’የ፡’ ዝብል፡ ዘይብላዕ ናይ ጨለ ዃደረ መልሲ ንስድራ መዋቲ ከምዚሃበ ድማኒ ኣብ ማዕከናት ዜና ኣንቢብና። ኣንታ ዝድራማስ ክንደይ መመሊሱ ይምቅር’ዩ ዘብል። በቲ ሓደ ወገን ድማኒ፡ እዚኦም ደኣኒ ንሬሳ መባልዕቶም፡ መሳቲይቶምን፡መጋድልቶም ከምዚ ዝገበሩ፡ ናኻልእ’ሞ እንታይ ከምዚገብሩስ ምሕሳቡ ኣየጸግምን። እንታይ ዓይነት ስርዓት ኣብ ኤርትራ ተኾይጡ ከምዝሎ ምርኣዩስ ኣየእግምን።" } ] }, { "id": "b-51395fc1ea92f847a3a5ad8b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/3/5/3/0", "start": 78706, "end": 79146 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ናብቲ ድራማ ክንምለስ፡፡ እዚ ድራማ’ዚ ንብዙሓት ኣስደሚሙን ኣገሪሙን። ኣነ ብወገነይ፡ ዘገርም የብሉን በሃላይ’የ። እቲ ምንታይሲ፡ ንሰይጣን ክትፈልጥስ ሰይጣን ዝዋዓሎን ዝገበሮን ምዕዛብ ጥራይ’ዩ ዘድልየካ። ንግብሪ ኢሳያስ ድማኒ፡ ልዕሊ ማንም ሰብ፡ ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፈልጣ ነይርዎ። ከምኡ ደኣ፡ ደቂ ሰባት፡ ረሳዕቲ ኮይንና ኢና እምበሪ፡ ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ነቲ ኢሳያስ ምስኡ ኾይኑ ኣብ ልዕሊ መንካዕን፡ የማናውያንን፡ ኢሉ ዝሰየሞም ንጹሃት ኤርትራውያንን፡ ካልኦትን ዝገበሮ ክፋእ፡ እኩል መለበሚ ክኾኖ ምተገብኣ። ምኽንያቱስ፡ ካብ መጀመርያ፡ ኣስር ኢሳያስ እንተረኣናን፡ ንሱ ዝነበሮ ዝገበሮን እንተፋሕተርናንሲ፤ ጥልመት፡ ክድዓት፡ ክፍኣት፡ ቂምታ፡ ቅንኣት ኢና ኩዒትና ንዕድን።" } ] }, { "id": "b-e37a896d6e6c6bdb1e2644b7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/3/5/5/0", "start": 79187, "end": 79684 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ክሳብ ሕጂ፡ ንኹላትና ሕንቅል~ሕንቅሊተይ ኮይንና ዘሎስ፡ ምስቲ ኹሉ፡ ንዓሰርተታት ዓመታት፡ ዝረኣይዎ ኣካይዳ ኢሳያስ፡ ወላ እቶም ሕጂ ኣብ ጎዳጉዲ ኣስፊርዎም ዘሎ፡ [ብሂወቶም እንተለው ማለት'ዩ] ሚኒስትራትን ላዕሎዎት መራሕትንስ፡ ሓደ መዓልቲ ክግልበጦምን፡ ክስልበጣምን ምዃኑ፡ ብደምቢ ዘይተረድእዎ ምንባሮምን’ዩ። እዞም ምስኡ ተሪፎም ዘለው’ውን፡ ከምኡ። ብፍላይ ብፍላይ ድማ፡ እቶም ፍርቂ እግሮም ኣብ መቃብር ኣትዩ ዘሎዉ’ሞ፡ ናብ ዓዲ ኩልና ክከዱ፡ ሎምን ጽባሕን ዝብሉ ዘለው ዓበይቲ ሓለፍቲ ህግደፍ ። ጽባሕ ውግሕ እንከይበለስ፡ ኢሳያስ ከምቲ ንኣብራሃም ተወልደ፡ ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለ፡ ኢብራሂም ዓፋን፡ ካልኦት ኣማኢትን ዝጠለሞምስ፡ ክጠልሞም ሙኻኑ ናይ ግዜ ሕቶ ጥራይ’ዩ። እዝስ ዘይፍታሕ ግድል’ውን ኣይኮነን። ነቲ መልሲ ንምርካብስ፡ ታሪኽ ምግንጻል ጥራይዩ ዘድሊ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-0ffb6a11b352e083190dad71", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/3/5/7/0", "start": 79758, "end": 80026 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ምናልባት ሕጂ፡ እዚ ተርእዮ፡ ምኽልካል ሬሳ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ዓዱ ከይኣቱ፡ ኣብዚ ሙዕቡል ዘመንን፡ ሓበሬታ ከም ንፋስ ሸዊዉ፡ ናብ ኩሉ ኩርናኣት ኣለም ኣብ ዝበጽሓሉ እዋን ብሙዃኑ፡ ኩሉ ሰብ ቀልጢፉ ፈሊጡ፡ የእዳው ኣብ ኣፉ ኣንቢሩ፡ ከናፍሩ እናረምጠጠ፡ ወይ ጉድ! ይብል ኣሎ። ንኢሳያስ ግን እዚ ናይ መጀመርይኡ ኣይኮነን፡ ናይ መወዳእትኡ’ውን ኣይክኸውንን’ዩ። ብሓፈሽኡ እዚ ዜና ኣይኮነን። ሓድሽ ዝባሃል’ውን የብሉን።" } ] }, { "id": "b-1d3dca2a7830acea6d6f251e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/3/5/9/0", "start": 80067, "end": 80237 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ደሓር ከኣ፡ መን ይፈልጥ፡ እዛ ከርሲ ኤርትራ፡ ኣብ ክንዲ ንሬሳ ናይዝጊ፡ ብሰላም፡ ሓቝፋ እትቅበሎስ፡ከምዚ ጌራ ፎእ ምባላስ፡ ከም ኣምሳያ ኢቲ ብህይወቱ እንከሎ፡ ክዋሃቦ ዝግባእ መቅጻዕቲ፡ ክኸውን ውን ይኽእል’ዩ። ምኽንያቱስ ሂወት ዝተፈላለየ ናታ ምስጢር ኣለዋ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-155c1dc8b74d1e5fe3f1388f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/3/5/11/0", "start": 80311, "end": 80531 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“ኣይትበከዩ ነቲ ዝሓለፈ፡ ሕዘንሉ ነቲ ዝተረፈ፡” ክብሉ ኣቦታትና መሲሎም፡፡ ናይዝግስ እኳ ሓሊፉ፡፡ እዚ ኩሉ ከልበትበት’ውን ክንደየናይ ከይሰምዖ። ነቶም ነዚ እንዳራኣዩ፡ ግን ከኣ ሕጂ’ውን ዘንደልሕቁ፡ ኣብ ጎኒ ኣያኦም ኢሳያስ ኮይኖም፡ ንህዝቢ ሽብን ጕብን ዘእትውሉ ዘለውን፡ ጽባሕ ድማ ዕጫ ናይዝጊ እትጽበዮም ደቂ ሃገር ድኣ ሕዘኑሎም፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-be37de7a00ae95e298d5b8de", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/3/5/13/0", "start": 80572, "end": 81364 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ናይዝጊ ስግኡን ትንፋሱን ምስ ተፈላየስ፡ ሬስኡ ሬሳ ኣረሜንስ ክንደይ እኳ ክብሪ ረኺቡ፡፡ ሬሱኡ፡ ኣብ መጽንሒ ሬሳታት ሎንዶን እኳ ብኽብሪ ተቀሚጡሎ። ኣማኢት፡ ቀያሕትን ጀጋኑን፡ ግን ደሞም ከም ደም ከልቢ፡ ኣብ ፈቀድኡ ተኻዕዩን፡ ይካዓውን ኣሎ ብሰንኪ ናይዝግን፡ ኢሳያስን፡ ካልኦት ወይጦታት ተምሳላት ናይዝጊን። ቁጽሪ ዘይብለን፡ ስድራቤታት ናይቶም ኣብ ፈቀድኡ፡ በብዝተፈላለየ እዋናት ዝተሸርቡን፡ ዝተቀትሉን ምልሙላትን፡ ጽቡቃትን ደቀን ኣማውትኦምን፡ ረሳታቶም ኣበይ ወዲቁ ከምዘሎን ስለዘይፈለጡስ፡ ክሳብ ሕጂ ስንፈላል ተሰሪሖም፡ እህህ እናበሉ ዝልለውን፡ ምስ ጽፉፋት የዒንቶም፡ ተኾርምዮም መዋእል ዝገበሩ’ውን ኣለዉኮ። ናይዝጊን ደቂ ሃዋርያቱን፡ ኣብ ፈቀዶ ጎዳጉዲን ቤት ማሕቡስን፡ ሰንድዩ ዘሕቀቆም እኮ ኣዲኦም ጥራይ’ያ ትቆጽሮም። እንተትፍቀድስ፡ ክንደይ ስድራ ኮንያ ባዲማን፡ ጸኒታን፡፡ ክንደይ ኣደ ኾንያ ውላድ ሲኢና፡፡ ክንደይ መርዓት ኮንያ ሰብኣይ ሲኢና፡፡ ክንደይ ሰብኣይ ኮንዩ በዓልቲ እንዳ ሲኢኑ፡፡ ክንደይ ቆልዑት ኮንዮም ብዘይ ኣቦን ኣደን ዘኽቲሞም ተሪፎም፡፡ ክንደይ!…ክንደይ!…እግዚሀር ጥራይዩ ዋንኡ። እሞ ነዚ ደኣ እዚ’ኳ ክውሕዶ። ንስድራ ቤት ናይዝጊ ምድንጋጽ ካልእዩ፡ ናይዝጊ ኢዱ ረኺቡ ምባል ድማኒ ካልእዩ። ህዝቢ ደኣሞ ወዮ ኩሎም ኣጋፈርቲ ህግደፍ ከምዚ ረኺቦም ርእዩ። እዚ ደኣ ደበሱ እምበር።" } ] }, { "id": "b-cef56327d883f2318ee8895b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/3/5/15/0", "start": 81405, "end": 81526 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ስድርኡ፡ ስግኦም ስለዝኾነ ክጉህዮ’ዮም። መሳኺን ንሳቶም’ውን እኮ ናጤባን ሕሰምን’ዮም ረኺቦም። መን ኣሎ ውሉዱን ወላዲኡን ዝመረጸ፡፡ ተዓዲሎሞ’ዮም ይዋኣዮም። ላም ሓዊ ወሊዳ….እዩ እቲ ነገር።" } ] }, { "id": "b-89b96bc22e979f5fa8477935", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/3/5/17/0", "start": 81567, "end": 82194 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ግን ከኣ ኣብ ተፈላለይ እዋናት፡ ኣባላት ቤተሰቦም ተሸሪቦሞም፡ ተኣሲሮሞም፡ ስድራቤት ኡሱራትን ጥፉኣትን፡ ክልምኑ ክመጽእዎም ከለው፡ ናይዝጊ፡ ከመይ ዝኣመሰለ መካይድቲ ሰይጣን ምንባሩስ ኣንዳዕዲኦዖም ይፈልጡ’ዮም። እቲ ንቡር ክገብሩሉ፡ መስሎምን ጉቡኦምን እካ ቶኾነ፡ ከምዚ’ዞም ስድራ ናይዝጊ ኣጋኒፍዎም ዘሎ ነገር፡ ብሰንኪ ናይዝግን ተምሳላቱን፡ ወሪድወንስ ንዓመታት ጸይረንኦ፡ ዝኸዳ ስድራቤታት ከምዘለዋ’ውን ምዝካር’ውንኮ ከድልዩ። ሑሉፍ ሓሊፍወን፡ ሬሳታተን ንዓዲ ከእትዋ ስለ ዝተኸልከላ፡ ኣብ ዓዲ ጓና ስለዝጎሓፍኦሞ፡ ናይ ኩሉሻእ ቃንዛ ጸይረን ዝኸዳ፡ ውሕዳት ስድራቤታት እኮ ኣይኮናን። እዚ ክብል ከለኹ፡ እዚ ንቤተሰብ ናይዝጊ፡ ኣጋኒፎዎም ዘሎ ኣደራዕ፡ ስለዝሐጎሰኒ ኣይኮነን። እቲ ስድራ ዘይኮነስ፡ ናይዝጊ ነቲ ዝግብኦ፡ በህይወቱ ወላ ተዘይረኸቦስ፡ ድሕሪ ትንፋሱ ምሕላፋ ረኺብዎ’ሎ። እዚ ነቲ ስድራ ስለዝጸለዎ ካኣ የሕዝን፡ ምክንያቱ ኣብ ሞትስ፡ መዋቲ ዝርእዮን ዝሰምኦን የልቦን። ንገባር ክፉእ ግን ጽቡቅ ክትትምነየሉስ ተፈጥሮኣዊን ንቡርን’ውን ኣይኮነን።" } ] }, { "id": "b-9faf8139636aa7d7fa67ae93", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/3/5/19/0", "start": 82235, "end": 82649 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እሞ ከኣ እዚ ሙኻኑስ ጽቡቅ እዩ። ምኽንያቱ ድማ፡ ነቶም ሕጂ’ ውን፡ ተግባራት ናይዝጊን ኢሳያስን፡ ዝፍጽሙ ዘለው መዳኸርቲ ህግደፍ፡ ትምህርቲ ክኸውን ስለዘለዎ’ዩ። በዓል ጽቡቅ ኢዱ ነይስእን፡ ብዓል ክፉእ’ውን ይብሉኹም። ካብዚ ዝዓቢ ትምህርቲ የልቦን፡ ንበሃማት ደገፍቲ ህግደፍ ደኣ ኾይኑ እምበር። ብዘመነ ውቤ ዝጸመመስ….ስለ ዝኾነ እቲ ነገር ግን፡ እዚ’ውን ኣይክምህሮምን’ዩ። ከርሲ መሬትካን፡ ህዝብኻን ኣይጽላእካ’ዩ። ናይዝጊ፡ መሬቱን ህዝቡን ፈንፊንዎስ፡ ሬስኡ ኣብ ፈቀድኡ ከርተት ይብል ኣሎ። መርገም ወላዲ ተዘይቀተለ የዕነኒ፡ ይብሉኹም እዚ’ዩ። ገና ካልእ’ውን ክንርእይ’ና። ንኹሉ ንምርኣይ፡ ምቅናይ! ምቅናይ! ድዩ ዝበለ ትግራዋይ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-ea640424daa571d60372a34e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/3/5/21/0", "start": 82690, "end": 82697 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ካብ ዘይቀሰነ" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-11fddb97095c89bed38d0188", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/5/1", "start": 82842, "end": 83166 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "ስሙ ናይዝጊ፡ ተግባሩ ዘይ ናይዝጊ!", "href": "http://assenna.com/%e1%88%b5%e1%88%99-%e1%8a%93%e1%8b%ad%e1%8b%9d%e1%8c%8a%e1%8d%a1-%e1%89%b0%e1%8c%8d%e1%89%a3%e1%88%a9-%e1%8b%98%e1%8b%ad-%e1%8a%93%e1%8b%ad%e1%8b%9d%e1%8c%8a/" } ] }, { "id": "b-108a511cf04dcaded8d8952b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/5/3/0", "start": 83203, "end": 83213 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Posted on " }, { "text": "February 27, 2012", "href": "http://assenna.com/%e1%88%b5%e1%88%99-%e1%8a%93%e1%8b%ad%e1%8b%9d%e1%8c%8a%e1%8d%a1-%e1%89%b0%e1%8c%8d%e1%89%a3%e1%88%a9-%e1%8b%98%e1%8b%ad-%e1%8a%93%e1%8b%ad%e1%8b%9d%e1%8c%8a/" }, { "text": " by " }, { "text": "assenna", "href": "http://assenna.com/author/assenna/" } ] }, { "id": "b-b0d342bc2e07d06e44ce4eaf", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/5/5/1/0", "start": 83757, "end": 84511 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኢሳያስ ስለምንታይ ምስ ሬሳ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ጥምጥም ገጢሙ ከም ዘሎ ነቶም ዝቃወሙ ዘይኮነ፡ ዝያዳ ነቶም ኣጣቓዕቲ ኢሳያስዩ ገሪሙዎም ዘሎ። ስለምንታይ እንተ በልና፡ እቶም ንኢሳያስ ፎእ! ኢሎም ዝኸዓቡዎን ዝፈንፈኑዎን ሰባት፡ ክንዮ’ዚ ሕጂ ዝገብሮ ዘሎ ሓጢኣት ዝኸይድ ገበናት ከም ዝፈጸመን ገና’ውን ክፍጽም ከም ዝኾነን ድሮ ተጋሂዱሎም’ዩ። እቶም እራይ ምራይ ይኹኑ፡ እቶም ብውልቃዊ ጥቕሚ ኣዒንቶም ዝዓወሩ ሰባት ግን ገና ኢሳያስ እንታይ ዓይነት ሰብ ከም ዝኾነ ዝፈልጡዎ ስለ ዘይብሎም፡ ወይ ድማ ኣብ ናይ ሕልሚ ዓለም ስለ ዝነብሩ ንኢሳያስ ከም በዓል ኪዳኖም ቈጺሮም ንሱ ኣብ ስልጣን እን’ተሎ ጥራይ ዝጥዕሞም እናመሰሎም ኣሚኖም ንኣማኒ ክህቡዎ ይፍትኑ ኣለዉ። ኣይትሓዞምን’ዩ። ኣነን ከምዚ ኸማይን’ውን ኣብ ዝበነ ገድሊ፡ “መን ከም ኢሳያስ፡” ኢልና ዘየድነቕናዮ ኣይኮንናን። ሎሚ ክሓስቦ ከለኹ ኣመና’ዩ ዝገርመኒ። ሽዑ ልክዕ ከምዚ ድሕሪ ነጻነት ዝግበር ዝነበረን ዘሎን፡ ኢሳያስ እንተ ዘይህሉ ገድሊ እንታይ ምወሓጦ? ንገደሉ ምጸደፈ፡” እናበሉ ዘጫፍሩ ሰባት ነይሮም። መሳኪን ሎሚ ኩላቶም የለዉን። ካብ ናይ ናዝይጊ ክፍሉ ዝገደደ ዕጫ ገጢሙዎም ከም ጠላማት፡ የማናይ ክንፊ፡ ዝምቡላት፡ ባቡር ሰውራ ዝሓደገቶም፡ ጸረ ሰውራ ተባሂሎም ተመቝሖምን ብግፍዒ ተቐንጺሎምን።" } ] }, { "id": "b-0e364ae6bd230d27fcb123f5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/5/5/3/0", "start": 84552, "end": 84815 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ናብ ጕዳይ ሬሳ ንምምላስ፡ ኢሳያስ መዓስ’ዩ ምስ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ክቃራሓን ጀሚሩ? ናይዝጊ ክፍሉኸ እንታይ ዓይነት ሰብ ነይሩ? ናይዝጊ ከምቲ ቅድሚ ሕጂ ብተደጋጋሚ ብካልኦት ብጾት ዝተግልጸ፡ ገና ጅምር ከብል ኣትሒዙዩ ናይ ኢሳያስ ኵርኵር ብምዃን ከገልግሎ ምሒሉ። ስለ ዝኾነ፡ ምሉእ ዕድመኡ ብሰውራ ዘይኮነ ብስልጣን ናይ ኢሳያስ ምስ ሓሰበ’ዩ። ብወገነይ ብዛዕባ ናይዝጊ ብኣካል ዝፈልጦን ዝሰማዕኩዎን ከዕልለኩም።" } ] }, { "id": "b-80b4ed59779ac239b2fcffbd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/5/5/5/0", "start": 84856, "end": 85801 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "- ኣብ መጀመርያ ናይ 1976 ሓንቲ ሓይሊ ኣብ ጐረይቶ ጽርግያ እናሰራሕና ከለና ኣብቲ ዝበረኸ ቦታ ምስ በጻሕና፡ ግሬደር ዘይትፍንቅሎ ከውሒ ኣጋጢሙና። ባፍራዛ ይኹን መለኪኖ ክስበረልና ስለ ዘይከኣለ ድማ ኣጕናድ ጓሪትና ኣጕድናሉ ናብ ቦታና ንኸይድ። ምሉእ ለይቲ ብሓዊ ክረስን ዝሓደረ ከውሒ ግን ብዘይካ ከም ሓጺን ጭል ምባል ዕጭ ሓንፊፉ ምፍንቃል ኣብዩና። ብዘይንሱ ግን እቲ ኣብቲ እዋንቲ ሓላፊ ዕጥቅን ስንቅን ዝነበረ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ኮሚሽነር ክፍሊ ታዕሊም ነበር ነፍስሄር መሓሪ ግርማጼን፡ ሽኮር ይኹን ተምሪ ክህበና እንተ ሓተቶ፡ እንተ ኾነ፡ ኣሎ ዝብሃል ኣስቤዛ ይወሃቦም ተባሂሉ ከብቅዕ፡ ናይዝጊ ከም ድላዩ ክጻወተሉ ዝውዕል ዝነበረ ኣስቤዛ ኣይህብን ኢሉ ኣቕቢጹ። ንዕድልና ኣይደንጐየን ወዲ ኣፎም ብሪ ብሱዳን በቲ መኪና ክትሓልፎ ዘይትኽእል መንገዲ ብእግሩ ከተፍ በለ። ሽዑ መሓሪ ግርማጼን ብዛዕባቲ ስራሕ መግለጺ ብምሃብ ናይ ኣስቤዛ ጸገም ከም ዘለና፡ ናይዝጊ ድማ እምቢ ኢሉ ከም ዝኣበየና ሓበሮ። እታ ጥርዓን ስለ ዝተቐመት፡ ነቲ ከውሒ ድማ ብኣካል ስለ ዝረኣዮ፡ እቲ ጽርግያ ቀልጢፉ መታን ክውዳእ’ሞ ኰደድ ክብሉ ስለ ዝደለየ ግዲ ኾይኑ መዓት ሽኮር፡ ኣስቃጥላ፡ ጸባ፡ ሽጉርቲ በሽበሽ ኮይኑ። እቲ ስራሕ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሰሙናት ዓጠምጠም ክብል ከሎ ንበዝሕ ድማ ምዕጕርቲ ኣውጺእና። እዚ ሓደ መርኣያ ናይ ናይዝጊ ጭካኔ ኣብ ልዕሊ ብጾቱ’ዩ። ነቲ ስራሕ ዘይረኣዮ እንተ ዝኸውንስ ደሓን፡ ግን ብኣካል ተዓዚቡዎ ነይሩ። ነዚ እናረኣየ፡ እሞ ኸኣ ማዕረ ዝብጽሓና ንብረት፡ እሞ ኸኣ ክዕቈር ዘይክእል ምግቢ ምኽልኡ ምስ ምንታይ ይቝጸር ባዕላትኩም ፍረዱ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-599d588d1536394a060b695f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/5/5/7/0", "start": 85875, "end": 86426 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "- ኣብ ፈለማ 1977 ቀቅድሚ ውድባዊ ጉባኤ፡ ብርክት ዝበለ ሰብ ካብ ሕክምና ሓውዩ ዝመጽአ፡ ናብ ቦታኡ ዝኸይድ፡ ዝውዛዕ፡ ካብ ክፍልታት ናብ ሓይልታት ዝኸትት ወዘተ፡ ኣብታ ናይ ሽዑ እዋን መናሃርያ ናይ ሳሕል ዝነበረት ፋሕ ኮፍ ኢሉ ነይሩ። በጋጣሚ ሴሚናር ስለ ዝነበረ ድማ ናይቲ ከባቢ ሓይልታት ይኹና ክፍልታት ኣብቲ ሩባ ፋሕ ኢለን ነይረን። ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ኣብቲ ሩባ ንበይኑ ሽጋራ በኾዅ እናበለ፡ “ብማዕዶ ንዝረኣዮም ገለ ሰባት፡ “ኣታ ወዲ ሸርሙጣ እንታይ ትገብር ኣለኻ?” ክብሎም ከሎ፡ ንገለ መን ምዃኑ ከይፈለጡ፡ “ብጻይ ሽጋራ ሃበና’ስኪ፡” ክብሉዎ ከለዉ፡ “ወዲ ተረጓቢት! ኣብ ጽላልካ እቶስኪ፡” ክብሎም ብእዝነይ ሰሚዐ። ሽዑ ተወጊአ ንኽውዛዕየ ናብ ክፍሊ ቍጠባ መጺእ ነይረ። እዚ ዝብለኩም ዘለኹ ኣፍኵስ ኣቢለዮ ኣለኹ’ምበር ንሱ ዝብሎ ካብዚ ዝገደደ ክትሰምዖ ዘጸይፍ፡ ሰብ ክኣምነካ ዘጸግም’ዩ። ነቶም ንፈልጦ ግን ኣይገርመናን’ዩ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-3a786f18c2980ed4b16e1b06", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/5/5/9/0", "start": 86467, "end": 86741 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "- ኣብ 1993 ምሸት ለይቲ’ዩ ኣብ ኣፍደገ ሞካምቦ። ሓንቲ መንእሰይ ብገለ ምስኡ ተዘራሪባ። “እንታይ ኢኺ’ሞ ደሊኺ? ዝ…ኪ መሲሉኪ? ተ. . . .!” ክብላ ከሎ ሰለሰተ ዝፈልጦም ብጾት ሰሚዖሞ። እንታይ ኢኻ ትገብር ዘለኻ? ተኽፍኣና ኣለኻ በጃኻ፡ ንዓስኪ ረሓቕ፡ ዝበደለቶ ነገር ኣለዋ እንተ ኾይኑ ፖሊስ ክንጽውዓላ፡” ኢሎም ገላጊሎማ። ኣብቲ ግዜቲ ይትረፍ መራሕቲ ውድብ ተጋዳላይ ዝቦኡ ኣዝዩ ክቡርን ሕፉርን ነይሩ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-6885e1282445335032535d09", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/5/5/11/0", "start": 86782, "end": 87323 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "- ኣብ ከባቢ 1994 ናይዝጊ ብውልቃዊ ጕዳዩ ናብ ዓዲዃላ ይኸደልኩም። ሽዑ ብገለ ኣመንቱ ካብ ስዑዲያ ከም ህያብ ዝተላእከትሉ ናይ 1993 ሞዴል ክረሲዳ እዩ ሒዙ ነይሩ። ካብ ዓዲዃላ ክምለስ ከሎ ኣብ ብሎኮ ሓደ ዕንጨይትን ፈሓምን ዝቈጻጸር ኣባል ክፍሊ ሕርሻ ገመድ ስሒቡ ደው የብሎ። ክፈቶ፡ ኣይከፍቶን ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ መጨረሽታ ናብ ከተማ ተመሊሱ ንፖሊስ እሰሩዎ ይብሎም። እቲ ተጋዳላይ ብዘይፈለጦ ናጤባ ምስ ተኣስረሉ ድማ ይሓልፍ። መስኪናይ ወዲ ሳልስቲ ምስ ገበረ እንታይ ዝገብርኩ ሰብየ ተኣሲረ፡ ሕጊ የለን ድዩ? ኢሉ ምስ ኣማረረን እቶም ፖሊስ ንባዕሎም ኵነታቱ ስለ ዘይተቐበሉዎን፡ ናብ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ደዊሎም፡ “እቲ እሰሩዎ ዝበልካና ተጋዳላይ እንታይ እዩ ገበኑ? ብምንታይ ክንምዝግቦ?” ኢሎም ይሓቱዎ። ንሱ ድማ፡ “ኣየናይ ተጋዳላይ?” ክብል ብሕቶ ይምልሰሎም። ኣነጺሮም ምስ ገለጹሉ፡ “ፍትሑዎ” ዝብል ሓጺር መልሲ ሂቡዎም።" } ] }, { "id": "b-1b5e551321275f8f05ab9cbc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/5/5/13/0", "start": 87397, "end": 88308 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "- ኣብ 1996 ሰለስተ ካብ ወጻኢ ዝመጹ መንእሰያት ኣብ ሆቴል እምባሶይራ ኮፍ ኢሎም የዕልሉ ነይሮም። እቲ ሰሓቖምን ሓጐሶምን ዘይተዋሕጠሉ ናይዝጊ፡ “እንታይ ትብሉ ኣለኹም?” ኢሉ ይሓቶም’ሞ፡ መንነቱ ስለ ዘይፈለጡ፡ “እንታይ ኣእተወካ?” ብምባል ውራይ ዕላሎም ይገብሩ። በዚ ሓደ ክልተ ምስ ኮነ “ጽባሕ ሰዓት 9፡00 ናይ ንግሆ ናብ ኣጂብ ትመጹ ይብሎም። ደቂ ብዙሕ ኣይተገደሱሉን ዕላሎም ወዲኦም ሓፍ ምስ በሉ ብዛዕባቲ ጕዳይ ምስ ገለ ሰባት ምስ ኣዕለሉ፡ “ጠፊእኩም! ኣይትፈልጡዎን ዲኹም? ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ’ንድዩ!” ብምባል ክኣስሮም ምዃኑ ይሕብሩዎም። ደቂ ተቐጢኖም ሓዲሮም ንጽባሒቱ ገፈፍ እናበሉ ናብ ኣጂብ ይኸዱ። ናይዝጊ ክልተ ብቐጥታ ኣብ ትሕቲኡ ዝነበሩ ሓለፍቲ ኣዳሊዩ ብምጽናሕ፡ “ኣድላዪ መርመራ ጌርኩም ትቕፍዱዎም፡” ይብሎም። እቶም ክልተ መርመርቲ ጥዑያት ስለ ዝጸንሑን ጠባዩ ስለ ዝፈልጡዎን፡ ነቶም ደቂ ብህድኣት ይሓቱዎም። ጕዳይ ከም ዘይብሎም ምስ ፈለጡ፡ “እዞም ሰባት ዝኾነ ገበን ኣይረኸብናሎምን፡ ስለዚ ክንሰዶም ኢና፡” ይብሉዎ። ድሕሪ ክንደይ ክትዕ ከይፈተወ “ሕራይ በሉ ናባይ ስደዱዎም” ይብሎም። እቶም ደቂ እናፈርሑ ናብ ቤትጽሕፈቱ ምስ ኣተዉ፡ “ትማሊ ደኣ እንታይ ኣደኽን ኢኽን ትብላ ኔርክን፡ ኣንትን ደቂ ሸርሙጣ?” ይብሎም። ንሳቶም ድማ “ሳክት ነዕልል ኔርና፡” ምስ በሉዎ። “በቃ ኣብ እምባሶይራ ኮፍ ኢልክን ናይ መሸኒ ገለ ተዕልላ! ኪዳ ከይትደግማ ድሕሪ ሕጂ፡” ኢሉ ኣፋንዩዎም። ስላቶም ጥዑያት ደቂ ብሰላም ተፋንዮም’ምበር፡ መሃነኖም ክሳብ ዝተፍኦም ምሰሓኑዋ ነይሮም።" } ] }, { "id": "b-4c499b2b34750c4391d7e9d3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/5/5/15/0", "start": 88349, "end": 88556 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "- ኣብ 1995 እዞም ነቶም ደቂ ዝመርመሩ ክልተ ኣባላት ጸጥታ፡ ብገለ ገለ ምስ ተመላለሱ፡ ብቦክስ ሓመድ ገይሮሞ። እቲ ነገር ናቱ በደል ግዲ ነይሩ ካብ መዓስከር ንወርሒ ኣይትውጽኡ ጥራይ ተባሂሎም። ነቲ ጕዳይ ግን ኵሉ ሰብ ሰሚዑዎ። ገለ ሰባት ሕማቕ ጸርፊ ስለ ዝጸረፎም ዘይርሳዕ ትምህርቲ ክህቡዎ ደልዮም ይብሉ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-6d84b8652e7913f199d646de", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/5/5/17/0", "start": 88597, "end": 89178 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "- ኣብ 1996 ምስ ኣቶ ዓብዱ ዩኑስ ኣብ ባር ኡሁሩ ኮፍ ኢሎም ቢራ እናሰተዩ ከለዉ፡ ምስ ነፍስሄር ትርሓስ ዋና ባር ሓደን ክልተን ይበሃሃሉ። ብዘይንሱ ንሳ ዝግድሳ ሰብ ኣይኮነትን ነይራ። ንሱ ስለ ዘይተቐባተረትሉ ጥራይ፡ “ክኣስረኪ እየ፡” ይብላ፡ “ንሳ ድማ ኣበይ ዘለኻ ኢኻ ደኣ ንስኻ ከምኡ ትብል፡ እቶም ጀጋኑስ’ባ ከምኡ ኣይብሉን’ዮም፡ ኣብ ባር ኣቲኻ ውራይ ቢራኻ ጌርካ ኪድ!” በለቶ ብድፍረት። ዘረባ ኣይቀጸለን ትም ኢሉ። ካብቲ ገዛ ምስ ወጹ ነቶም ኣብ ማዕዶኣ ዝነበርና ሰባት፡ “ጥዑይ ድዩ እዚ ሰብኣይ?” በለትና። ንሕና ድማ፡ “ኣይትፈልጥዮን ዲኺ? ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ’ንድዩ?” ምስ በልናያ፡ “እዝስ ናይ ሰይጣን’ምበር ናይዝጊ ኣይኮነን፡” ኢላ መለሰት። ከም ዘይትፈልጦ ተረዲኡና፡ “ሚኒስተር ጸጥታ’ዩ ክኣስረኪ’ዩ፡” በልናያ። ንሳ ግን ብውሽጣ ፈሪሓ እንተ ኾይናምበር ብደገስ ኣይዓጀባን፡ “ኪድ! ኣበይ ዘሎ’ዩ ደኣ ዝኣስረኒ? ሰብ ምእሳር ከም ድላይካ ድዩ ኾይኑ?” ኢላ ኣስሒቓትና።" } ] }, { "id": "b-4cea4d92e0ca21dcf9270264", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/5/5/19/0", "start": 89219, "end": 89807 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "- እዚ ንመንነቱን ባህሪኡን ዝገልጽ ነገራትምበር ነቲ ቀንዲ ተግባራቱን ጭካኔኡን ዘብርህ ኣይኮነን። ኣብ መጨረሽታ፡ ማለት ቅድሚ ናብ ዓዲንግሊዝ ምምጽኡ ግን ንመሓመድ ሓጐስ ዋና እንዳ ኦሞ ዝነበረ ሰብ ለኪሙዎ ጠፊኡ። ምስ መሓመድ ሓጐስ ብገለ ነገር ምስ ተቐራረቡ ገለ ከቢድ ምስጢር ኣካፊሉዎ። ፍሉያት ኣባላት ጸጥታ ኢሳያስ ስለ ዝፈለጡ ድማ መሓመድ ሓጐስ ኣብ ሓንቲ መኪና ተጨውዩ ድሕሪ ምኻድ ኣብ መንገዲ ባጽዕ ኣጽዲፎሞ። ንጽባሒቱ ሬሳኡ ገለ ሰባት ምስ ረኸቡዎ ናብ ባጽዕ እናወረደ ጸዲፉ ተባሂሉ። ግንከ፡ ኣብ ርእሱ ማህረምቲ ጸኒሑዎ፡ ሽዑ ምሽት ምስ ኣቦኡ ኣብ ገዛ ክድረር መደብ ነይሩዎ፡ ንጽባሒቱ ድማ ምስ ገለ ሰባት ኣብ ስራሑ ቈጸራ ነይሩዎ። ብዘይካዚ ሓደ ሰብ ብሓይሊ ኣብ መኪና ከእትዉዎ ከለዉ ርእዩ ኣብ ፖሊስ ምስ ኣመልከተ ንባዕሉ ተኣሲሩ። በዚ ምኽንያታት’ዚ ኣባላት ጸጥታ ኢሳያስ ከም ዝቐተሉዎ መረጋገጺ ኣሎ። ሽዑ ናይዝጊ ንባዕሉ ኣብ ሰንከልከል ስለ ዝነበረ ሓንቲ ክገብር ኣይከኣለን።" } ] }, { "id": "b-5db7fd9370b9bd7f9f2738b0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/5/5/21/0", "start": 89848, "end": 90628 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እዚ ክተንብቡዎ ዝጸናሕኩም ገለ ፈላጣት ነቲ ቀንዲ ናይ ናይዝጊ ታሪኽ ህይወት ዝገልጹልና፡ እቲ ቀቀሊሉን፡ መባእታውን ግን ከኣ ከም መርኣያ ናይ ባህርያቱን ኣብ ልዕሊ ሰባት ዝነበሮ ንዕቀትን ከብርሃልና ዝኽእል ኮይኑ ይስምዓኒ። ናይዝጊ፡ ንተጋደልቲ ዓሰርተ ኪሎ ሓርጭ ንህዝቢ ፍታሕ ጌርኩም ኢሉ ብዘይፍርዲ ዝኣስር ዝነበረ ሰብ’ዩ። ኣብ 1994 ንሓደ ቈማት ቀይሕ ኢሉ ተጋዳላይ ብዘይፍርዲ ዓመት ምስ ኣሰሮ ናብ ወተሃደራዊ ቤትፍርዲ ቀሪቡ። እቶም ፈራዶ ድማ “ዘእስር የብልካን ነጻ ኢኻ፡” ምስ በሉዎ፡ እቲ ወዲ “ገበነይ ከይተነግረኒ ካብዚ ቦታ ኣይወጽእን’የ” ኢሉዎም። እቶም ፈራዶ “እሞ ክንሓተልካ” ኢሎም ንናይዝጊ ምስ ደወሉሉ፡ “ናብ ማእሰርቲ ምለሱዎ” ስለ ዝበሎም ነቲ ወዲ እንታይ ከም ዝበሎም ሓቢሮሞ። እቲ ተጋዳላይ ኣብ ማአከል ቤትፍርዲ ከም ቈልዓ ጫጭ ኢሉ በኽዩ። እዚዩ ኣብ ነጻ ኤርትራ ዘሎን ዝነበረን ፍትሒ! ኣየ ፍትሒ! ኣየ ሕጊ! ዘብልዩ ብሓቂ። እቲ ሎሚ ዘሎ ኵነታት ርእሰ ግሉጽ ስለ ዝኾነ ምትንታን ኣየድልዮን። እቲ ጸገም ግን ሽዑ “ኣብ ኤርትራ ፍትሒ ተሳኢኑ፡” ኢሉ ዝዛረብ ሰብ፡ “ኢሰፓ” ክኸውን ኣለዎ” እዩ ዝብሃል ነይሩ። እስኪ ነነፍስና ንገምግም ክንደይ ካባና ኢና ካብ ሽዑ ጀሚሩ ግፍዕታት ህግደፍ ዝተረድኣና??? ንዝተኣስረ ሰብ፡ “ገለ ኣጠፋፊኡ” ይኸውንዶ ኣይኮንናን ንብል ኔርና።" } ] }, { "id": "b-b999dccb41dd4b0191a787ab", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/5/5/23/0", "start": 90669, "end": 90692 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "በሉ ሰናይ ቅነ ንሎሚ ኣብዚ ይኣኽለና።" } ] }, { "id": "b-e8251a663af7920779847f29", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/5/5/25/0", "start": 90733, "end": 90743 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ዝኽሪ ንስዉኣትና!" } ] }, { "id": "b-2507fa7990f3f5012890e892", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/5/5/27/0", "start": 90784, "end": 90815 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ፈንቅል ካብ ኖርወይ", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-220a2ba43dce84d1dd6300f9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/9/1/0", "start": 91358, "end": 91375 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሰሉስ, 28 ለካቲት 2012" } ] }, { "id": "b-d965dc1ea910471463db6e4f", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/9/3", "start": 91444, "end": 91503 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "ላዕላዋይ በዓል-ስልጣን መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ዝነበረ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ኣብ ለንደን ዓሪፉ" } ] }, { "id": "b-d788f3aa637adb06e8de5538", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/9/5/0", "start": 91538, "end": 91573 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣስከሬኑ ናብ ኤርትራ ዘይምእታዉ ኣዘራራቢ ጉዳይ ኾይኑ`ሎ" } ] }, { "id": "b-ec3ad07ad5c9126a1eb7c37b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/9/7/1/0", "start": 91743, "end": 91852 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ ለንዶን ዝርከብ ኢምባሲ ኤርትራ ኾነ፡ በዓልቲ ቤት ኣቶ ናይዝጊ፡ ነቲ ዜና-ዕረፍቲ እንተረጋገጹ`ኳ፡ ብዛዕባ ምምላስ ኣስከሬን ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ግና ክዛረቡ ፍቓደኛት ኣይኮኑን።" } ] }, { "id": "b-d631224d92718352f05e6bcd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/9/7/3/0", "start": 91893, "end": 92025 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብዝኾነ ግን፡ ብዛዕባ`ቲ ኹነታት ናታቶም ነጸብራቕ ክገልጹልና፡ ምስኡ ነዊሕ ዝተጋደለ ኣቶ መስፍን ሓጎስን፡ ኣብ 80`ታት ኣብ ኣልጀርያን ኣብ ቀረባ ኣብ ለንደንን ዝፈልጦ ኣቶ ሱሌማን ኣደምን ኣዘራሪብና`ለና።" } ] }, { "id": "b-d7f60c116121a7329828dead", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/9/7/5/0", "start": 92066, "end": 92175 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣቶ ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ፡ ኣብ 70`ታት ካብ ኣመሪካ ንሜዳ ከምዝወጸ፡ ኣብ ኤርትራ ሓላፊ ጸጥታን፡ ሓላፊ ሚንስትሪ ዜናን፡ ኣብ ሩስያ ኣምባሳደር ኤርትራ ኾይኑ ከምዘገልገለ ይግለጽ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-a5f0d96ebb653fccda492a5d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/9/7/7/0", "start": 92216, "end": 92265 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ጸብጻብ ድምጺ ኣመሪካ ዝሓዘ ምሉእ ፕሮግራም ንምስማዕ ኣብ ምልክት ድምጺ ጠውቑ፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-34b737787a10fce83c13dba2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/9/7/9/0", "start": 92306, "end": 92625 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Listen to Report on Naizghi-Kiflu Death and Burial Controversy", "href": "http://www.voanews.com/templates/mediaDisplay.html?mediaPath=http://www.voanews.com/MediaAssets2/tigrigna/2012_02/Naizghi-Kiflu-02-28-12.Mp3&mediaContentID=140765993", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-7d8f86453e2089cd68a2d3cb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/1/10/0", "start": 92710, "end": 93028 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "NAIZGHI KIFLU IS MORTAL HISTORY WILL ABSELOVE HIM – BY AMARE GEBREMARIAM GEBRE", "href": "http://assenna.com/naizghi-kiflu-is-mortal-history-will-abselove-him/" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-e763aa022895e86db142cc40", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/3/0", "start": 93099, "end": 93109 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Posted on " }, { "text": "March 1, 2012", "href": "http://assenna.com/naizghi-kiflu-is-mortal-history-will-abselove-him/" }, { "text": " by " }, { "text": "assenna", "href": "http://assenna.com/author/assenna/" } ] }, { "id": "b-9d3022b3a58a46183380bb00", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/5/1/0", "start": 93530, "end": 93555 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "BY AMARE GEBREMARIAM GEBRE" } ] }, { "id": "b-6cfbc572164e43052af3666d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/5/3/0", "start": 93592, "end": 93669 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“If we no longer treat the dead with dignity what hope is here for the living”" } ] }, { "id": "b-16120df1da1a97e07a4f6f0e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/5/5/0", "start": 93706, "end": 93780 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Condolences to the family of Naizgi Kiflu that is to his wife, his son and daughter and relatives." } ] }, { "id": "b-e94c4f67c2807466e0506719", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/5/7/0", "start": 93895, "end": 94035 }, "anchors": [ "source-IL_AD38" ], "content": [ { "text": "People say that you can measure how civilized a country is by the way it treats its dead. That is dignified burial. The world community is moving into the brave new world of designer babies, face transplant and cloning. These advances are held to be evidences of the superiority and prowess of our civilization. Yet the way we treat the dead is of the greatest possible significance, not just to the health services but to the society at large. If we do not show respect to the dead, we will not show it to the living." } ] }, { "id": "b-fbf547bb93f547c266a24213", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/5/9/0", "start": 94535, "end": 95130 }, "anchors": [ "source-IL_AD39", "source-IL_AD40", "source-IL_AD41" ], "content": [ { "text": "Death is inevitable. Naizghi Kiflu died Feb 6th 2012 in London a natural death at the age possibly 70 years. Yet his corpse did not get proper burial not because his family could not afford it, not because the British government did not give permit, but the dictatorial regime PFDJ in Eritrea did not allow entry of Naizghi Kiflu’s corpse to Eritrea for dignified burial. Highland Eritrean Christians always prefer to bury the dead at his/her village of origin. This is the norm of the Eritrean highland society and this is not the norm of only Eritrean but of most world society." } ] }, { "id": "b-6261db0276afa6fea776cf59", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/5/11/0", "start": 95167, "end": 95379 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I knew Naizghi since my school age days first at Tipo elementary school then at St. George middle school in Mendefera and at a high school in Asmara. Naizghi battled colonialism since his middle school days." } ] }, { "id": "b-4ed98ef581c7aad7bb6e8404", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/5/13/0", "start": 95416, "end": 95445 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "NAIZGHI’S FIGHT WITH COLONIALS" } ] }, { "id": "b-c55940252922c559984317c7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/5/15/0", "start": 95482, "end": 95492 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "People say beauty is on the eye of the beholder. My take on Naizghi’s struggle for independence and after is based on observed facts and reported information." } ] }, { "id": "b-b330b9e870ea26a41740991c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/5/17/0", "start": 95735, "end": 95888 }, "anchors": [ "source-IL_AD42" ], "content": [ { "text": "a) His struggle started during middle school days when he led the demonstration of St. George middle school student in support of the students of high school students in Asmara. Then he continued it by distributing fliers in Mendefera and Asmara during his high school days. He was also the brave man who organized the most cells of Movement of seven{ mahber 7} ,organize demonstrations. Because of these activities he was expelled from high school along with the late Andemicael Kahsai and were exiled to Ethiopia Where he continued his struggle. Then he got scholarship to the Soviet Union stayed in other countries and joined the armed struggle in 1972." } ] }, { "id": "b-bf6eba063a60b55c231f75c3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/5/19/0", "start": 96497, "end": 96569 }, "anchors": [ "source-IL_AD43", "source-IL_AD44" ], "content": [ { "text": "b) I met him in Sahel for a brief time in 1976 that we only exchanged greeting. 1974 is the time Naizghi started to put black spots in his endeavor for independence. He became right hand man of Isaias Afeworhi and had a role in the execution of the revolutionaries (MENKA). There is also information that implicates him in many ways as a minister of information, vice chief of security——-etc. This is second hand information that I can not conform or reject." } ] }, { "id": "b-49d9c7ca5f9ad3dfd426e022", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/5/21/0", "start": 97056, "end": 97359 }, "anchors": [ "source-IL_AD45", "source-IL_AD46" ], "content": [ { "text": "c) Naizghi Kiflu was an intelligent, bold, hard working and visionary. People who grew up with him expect from him a document of the struggle of EPLF and PFDJ and his vision for the future. I am sure the Eritrean people will forgive him for certain misdeeds the moment that document surfaces." } ] }, { "id": "b-27cb945940bb0df0242e5505", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/5/23/0", "start": 97396, "end": 97469 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Eternal life to Naizghi Kiflu and condolences to his family and relatives." } ] }, { "id": "b-2b3b0773398259fce872a7c4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/5/25/0", "start": 97506, "end": 97573 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "We struggle we succeed Comments>>>>ama766@comcast.net" } ] }, { "id": "b-ba9c1c081519d902890392da", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/1/5/27/0", "start": 97610, "end": 97629 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Glory to our martyrs" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-955ee3476867847778d0083f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/3/0", "start": 97726, "end": 97975 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Earth to earth, Ashes to Ashes, Dust to Dust: If the president permits it.", "href": "http://asmarino.com/articles/1348-earth-to-earth-ashes-to-ashes-dust-to-dust-if-the-president-permits-it" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-5e54573b1598c2a0450aa7e5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/0", "start": 98039, "end": 98085 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "No respect even for the dead in Eritrea", "href": "http://www.mfa.gov.et/Press_Section/Week_Horn_Africa_March_01_2012.htm#4", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "\n 03-01-2012\n Nothing can be more telling in this regard than the fate of Naizghi Kiflu, one of the most hated supporters of President Isaias both before and after independence. Naizghi served President Isaias in various capacities not least as a feared and loathed security head responsible for the killing and disappearance of hundreds of Isaias’s opponents. When Naizghi died on February 6th after a long illness in London where he had been receiving medical treatment, it was obviously expected that his funeral would take place in the Martyr’s Cemetery in Asmara with full honours befitting a veteran fighter. A month after his death, nobody still knows if his family will even be allowed to take his body back to Eritrea, let alone whether it will get an official ceremony. Whatever the reason for the regime’s refusal to approve of the return of Naizghi’s body, there is no doubt it is sending a message: It is President Isaias that has full control of all Eritreans alive or dead and he is not willing to let this go. The Eritrea that tens of thousands of people died for is now the private turf of a man who denies a burial place to those who were willing to die for him. This obsession with morbid excitement may be pathetic, but the strangest thing is that there still are those, even among the opposition, who try to find concealed meanings beneath the callousness. This is what President Isaias has reduced Eritrea and Eritreans to.[source http://www.dailyethiopia.com/index.php?aid=1114]" } ] }, { "id": "b-d8d75941cca8a6d87dd8d50e", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/10", "start": 100013, "end": 100395 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "ቀብሪ ሓደ ሰብኣይ ወይስ መሰል 4 ምልዮን ህዝቢ?", "href": "http://assenna.com/%e1%89%80%e1%89%a5%e1%88%aa-%e1%88%93%e1%8b%b0-%e1%88%b0%e1%89%a5%e1%8a%a3%e1%8b%ad-%e1%8b%88%e1%8b%ad%e1%88%b5-%e1%88%98%e1%88%b0%e1%88%8d-4-%e1%88%9d%e1%88%8d%e1%8b%ae%e1%8a%95-%e1%88%85%e1%8b%9d/" } ] }, { "id": "b-34cb3c6e0b9871b66cfde6a4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/12/0", "start": 100424, "end": 100434 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Posted on " }, { "text": "March 5, 2012", "href": "http://assenna.com/%e1%89%80%e1%89%a5%e1%88%aa-%e1%88%93%e1%8b%b0-%e1%88%b0%e1%89%a5%e1%8a%a3%e1%8b%ad-%e1%8b%88%e1%8b%ad%e1%88%b5-%e1%88%98%e1%88%b0%e1%88%8d-4-%e1%88%9d%e1%88%8d%e1%8b%ae%e1%8a%95-%e1%88%85%e1%8b%9d/" }, { "text": " by " }, { "text": "assenna", "href": "http://assenna.com/author/assenna/" } ] }, { "id": "b-a93c72cbf81c3384c78e23e8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/14/1/0", "start": 100991, "end": 101021 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ቀብሪ ሓደ ሰብኣይ ወይስ መሰል 4 ምልዮን ህዝቢ?" } ] }, { "id": "b-ee174e46838a1492f0a7b01b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/1/0", "start": 101143, "end": 101153 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣድሓኖም ፍትዊ" } ] }, { "id": "b-d65c62f1e8c6e9df3496b1bc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/3/0", "start": 101190, "end": 101383 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ ዓለም ዘለው ዲክታተራት ሓደ ንኹሎም ዝገዝኦም ባህርይ ኣሎ። ንሱ ድማ መሰል ህዝቢ ኣየኽቡሩን፡ መሰል ውልቀሰባት ኣየግድሶምን፡ ልዕላውነት ሃገርውን ኣይንታዮምን። እታ ቀንዲ እተገድሶም ስልጣኖም ኢያ። ብስልጣኖም ዝመጾም ዝኾነ ስጉምቲ ክወስዱ ድልዋት ኢዮም። ኢሳያስ ብፍላይ ሕልፍ ዝበለ ጨካን ኢዩ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-da196d6d55a9684be7792dea", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/5/0", "start": 101420, "end": 101794 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ናይዝጊ ክፍሉ ንንውሕ ዝበለ ግዜ ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ክሕከም ጸኒሑ ከም ዝዓረፈ ዝፍለጥ ኢዩ።ከምኡ’ውን ኣብቲ ንሳላሳ ዓመታት ዝተኻየደ ቃልሲ፡ ታሪኽ ናይዝጊ እንታይ ከም ዝነበረ ዳርጋ ንዝኾነ ኤርትራዊ ብሩህ ኢዩ። ህልም ዝበለ ኣንጻር ደሞክራስያውያን ተቓለሰቲ ከም ዝነበረ ማንም ዘይስሕቶ ኢዩ። ሕሉፍ ሓሊፉ ገለ ብጾት ኣብ መዳ “ኢቫን ናይ ኤርትራ” ኢሎም ይሰምይዎ ከም ዝነበሩ ትዝ ይብለኒ። ኣነውን ብርሑቚ ይኹን’ምበር ናይዝጊ እፈልጦ ከምዝነበርኩ፡ ቀንዲ ገባርን ሓዳግን የማናይ ኢድ ኢሳያስ ከም ዝነበረ ኢዩ ዝፍለጥ። ኢሳያስ በላ ናይዝጊ በላ ከምዝነበረ ማንም ዝኽሕዶ የለን።" } ] }, { "id": "b-8d79ef965d0445732d21dafc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/9/0", "start": 101960, "end": 102589 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሕጂ ግን ታሪኽ መዋቲ ናይዝጊ ገዲፍና፡ ናይ ጭካኔ ኢሳያስ ንዛረብ። ናይዝጊ ሕማቕ ጌሩ’ሞ ሕማቕ ይፈደ ኣይንብልን። ብፍላይ ብባህልና “ምውት ኣይትኽሰስ” ከምዝበሃል። ናይዝጊ ብታሪኹ ክኽሰስ ይነብር እምበር መሰሉ ክኽበር ኣለዎ። ሓመድ ሃገሩ ዝነፍጎ ዋላ ሓደ ኣካል ክህሉ ኣይግባእን።ዋእ! ኢሳያስ ግን ንሕስያ ዘይብሉ ጨካን ኢዩ።ኣብ ኣእምሮ እዚ ሰብ’ዚ “ሰብ፡ ሰብ ኣይመስሎን” ንሰብ ከም ኣቕሓ ተጠቒሙ ኢዩ ዝደርብዮ። ዳርጋ ንኹሎም ናይ ቀረባ ብጾቱ ዝነበሩ ተበሳጭዮም ካብ ህዝቢ ከም ዝንጸሉ ጌሩ ይደርብዮም። ኣብ ዓዲ ጥልያን ንኢሳያስ ዕድመ ልኽዑ ከገልግል ዝጸንሐ ዓንደማርያም ሓደ ኣብነት ኢዩ። ኢሳያስ ከም ብልያረዶ ሰባት ምስ ሰባት እናጋጨወ ዝነብር ሕሉፍ ጨካን ኢዩ። ንኢሳያስ ዘይፈለጠ ይፍለጦ። መን ኣሎ ኢሳያስ ተጠቒሙ ዘይከሓዶ። ኢሳያስ መን ኣልዎ ካብ መጀመርያ ስጋብ መጨረሻ ብዕርክነት ይኹን ብብጻይነት፡ ምስኡ ዝተጓዕዘ? በዓል የማነ ማንኪ’ውን ዝድርበይላ መዓልቲ ኣላቶም። ንሳቶም እውን ይፈልጥዋ ኢዮም። ግን’ከ ከመይ ጌሮም ካብታ ዝኣተውዋ ዓዘቕቲ ይውጽኡ?" } ] }, { "id": "b-92a3a09d61e56d71798992b6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/11/0", "start": 102626, "end": 102987 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሽሕኳ፡ መዋቲ ናይ ቃልሲ ታሪኹ ብገበን ዝተላዕጠጠ እንተ ዀነ፡ናይ ቀብሪ መሰሉ ብስድራ ቤቱ ውሳኔ መሰረት ክሕሎ ኣለዎ ንብል ። በወገነይ እውን ነቶም ንጹሃት በተ-ሰቡ ጽንዓት ይሃቦም እብል። ቀጺለውን ነቶም ኣብዚ ግዜ’ዚ ብረይሳ ናይዝጊ ናብ ዓዲ ክኣቱ ዘይምፈቃዱ ምኽነያት በምግባር ላዕልን-ታሕተን ዝባሉ ዘለው ከም በዓል መስከረም ዝኣመሰሉ ህግደፋውያን ልክዕ ኣለው ኣይቃወመምን። ሕቶይ ግን ነቶም በሻሓት ዝቑጸሩ ኣብ ፈቖዶ ጐዳጉዲ ዝጠፍኡ ዘለው ሃገራውያን’ከ ኣይሪእዎምን ድዮም? ስጋብ መኣስ ኢዮም፤ ኢሳያስ ዝደገፎ ክድግፉ፡ ኢሳያስ ዝጸልኦ ክጸልኡ ክብሩ?" } ] }, { "id": "b-0823499f7db4c728d85f4661", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/13/0", "start": 103024, "end": 103143 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "በሉ ክሕደት ኢሳያስ ኣብ ኣኣፍደገኹም በጺሓ። ኢሳያስ ንናይዘጊ’ኳ ዝኸድዖ እንታይ ትጽበዩ? ኢሳያስ ኣይኮነን’ዶ ንሂውት ዘለዎስ ንረይሳ ዝቋጻጸር ሰብ ኢዩ። ካብዚ ስርዓት’ዚ እንታይ ትጽበዩ?" } ] }, { "id": "b-4fff7d4007e1fc6f7dd33b69", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/15/0", "start": 103180, "end": 104012 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ስርዓት ህግደፍ ሎሚ ኣይኮነን ረይሳ ንዓዲ ምእታው ከልኪሉ። ካብ ብዙሓት ሃገራት ብዙሓት ረሳታት ኢዮም ናብ ዓዲ ምእታው ተኸልኪሎም።ንኣብነት ሓደ ኣዚዩ ዘሕዝን ታሪኽ ክገልጸልኩም። ሓደ ኤርትራዊ ዓቢ ሰብኣይ፡ ብዕድመ ዝደፈአ እሞ ከኣ ሕሙም ብመንኮርኮር ሰድያ ዝኸይድ፡ ኣብ ሮተረዳም ይነብር ነበረ።ውዱ ገለ ውዲ 18 ዓመት ይኸውን ድማ ይናብዮ ነበረ። እዚ ቆልዓ ኣብ ሆላንድ ኢዩ ተወሊዱ ዝዓበየ። እዚ ንሞት እናተቓረበ ዝኸይድ ዘሎ ሰብኣይ፡ ሽሕኳ ብእመነት እሰልምና፡ ኣብ ዝሞተካዮ ሃገር ምቕባር ልሙድ እንተ ነበረ፡ሃገሩ ኣዝዩ ይፈቱ ስለ ዝነበረ፡ኣብ ሃገሩ ንኽቕበር ታናቢዩ ነታ ዕለት ሞቱ ይጽበ ነበረ። ከምኡ’ውን እዚ ኣቦ ምስ ሞተ እቲ ዝናብዮ ዝነበረ ወዱ ሽግር ከየጋጥሞ፡ እተን ክለተ ካብ ምኢይቲ ይኹና ካሊእ፡ ብኣግኡ ይኸፍለን ነበረ። ሞት ኣይትተርፍን’ሞ፡ ሞት ኣብ ማዓልታ መጺኣ ሰብኣይ ሞተ። እቲ ወዱ ድማ ከምታ ለበዋ ኣቦኡ ናብታ ዓዱ ውሲዱ ክቐብሮ፡ ናብቲ ቆንስል ስርዓት ህግደፍ ዝርከበሉ ንደሄክ ከፍቅድ ከደ። እቲ ቆንስል ድማ ናይቲ ግብኡ ዝፈጸመ መዋቲ ዘይኮነ ዝዓጠጦ፡ ነቲ ቆልዓ ጸብጺቡ ጸባጺቡ “እዚኤን እንተዘይከፈልካ ረይሳ ኣቦኻ ዓዲ አይከኣቱን ኢዩ” በሎ። እቲ ቆልዓ ድማ ገንዘብ ስለ ዘይነበሮ ከኸፍል ኣይከኣለን።ኣብቲ ግዜ’ቲ ዝነበረ ሓዘን ናይቲ ማዋቲ ዘይኮነስ ናይቲ ስርዓት ጭካኔ ኢዩ። እሞ፡ ሰማ ዘሃገርኩም፡ ኣብ በብዓዱ ክንደይ ረይሳ ዘየተኸልከለ?" }, { "text": " Read more", "href": "http://assenna.com/%E1%89%80%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AA-%E1%88%93%E1%8B%B0-%E1%88%B0%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%A3%E1%8B%AD-%E1%8B%88%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%B5-%E1%88%98%E1%88%B0%E1%88%8D-4-%E1%88%9D%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%AE%E1%8A%95-%E1%88%85%E1%8B%9D" } ] }, { "id": "b-7cdf4d250f8ec04e2c200014", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/19/1/0", "start": 104431, "end": 104564 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Read the latest articles", "href": "/documents/10c10091bd0145a222a93b9e/", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-42595c343fdbb22d243698f8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/19/3/0", "start": 104603, "end": 104776 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Click here to read response of some readers to articles posted to websites", "href": "/documents/ae590c6d84419315346fef46/" } ] }, { "id": "b-8d2f46caf86d9bf33bff79a6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/19/5/0", "start": 104829, "end": 105080 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Click here to read some poems posted to jeberti.com and assenna.com regarding the death of Naizgi and Isaias denies Naizgi body to be buried in Eritrea", "href": "/documents/43a90418a74f919ebfc16606/" } ] }, { "id": "b-f1ab137df0258e0e9c1f498b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/19/7/0", "start": 105119, "end": 105300 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Book: Naizghi-Kiflu: Isaias Afwerki, Eritrea", "href": "http://www.amazon.ca/Naizghi-Kiflu-Lambert-M-Surhone/dp/6133330597" } ] }, { "id": "b-ad6f62161623abe06511a151", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/19/9/0", "start": 105339, "end": 105486 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Naizghi Kiflu ", "href": "/documents/3b6c1732cbadfc33092932c8/" }, { "text": "Interview", "href": "/documents/3b6c1732cbadfc33092932c8/", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " on Kidane Kiflu", "href": "/documents/3b6c1732cbadfc33092932c8/" }, { "text": " [find more information about " }, { "text": "Kidane Kiflu", "href": "/documents/9904911a6bf219ed5a114b5c/" }, { "text": "]" } ] }, { "id": "b-1d24ba571c73fdbc3a4df4d7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/21/1/1/1/0/1/0", "start": 106021, "end": 106136 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "የማነ ባሪያ", "href": "/documents/414a42cea5d79b45d27d3324/" } ] }, { "id": "b-870cddb0c61106ea32eeaf18", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/21/1/1/1/0/3/0", "start": 106330, "end": 106357 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "መን ካብ መን ይሕይሽ አብ ልዕሊ መን ክውርዚ\n ዕንቅርቢት ን ተመን ኩሉኻትኩም ሕንዚ" } ] }, { "id": "b-f737981e9af94accdfae3020", "type": "record-list", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/25", "start": 106917, "end": 109874 }, "anchors": [], "caption": [], "records": [ { "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/25/1/1", "start": 107035, "end": 107956 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 2, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/25/1/1/1", "start": 107110, "end": 107809 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-4e324d578f27646cbeee784b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/25/1/1/1/0/0", "start": 107131, "end": 107252 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣንታ ንዓኹምስ መን ኣሚንኩም", "href": "/documents/2f0d357b3a900bc5469397f0/" }, { "text": "! ሎሚ ስመር ኢልኩም ጽባሕ ብትንትን ትእትዉልና! ካብ " }, { "text": "ሻዕብያን", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrvaEVs2VtE" }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "ወያነን", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=WvfvFA6Q2Go" }, { "text": " ብዙሕ ተማሂርና ኢና።" }, { "text": "]", "href": "http://assenna.com/%E1%8A%95%E1%88%95%E1%8A%93-%E1%8A%95%E1%88%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95-%E1%8C%89%E1%88%92%E1%88%8B-%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95/" } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 2, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/25/1/1/3", "start": 107871, "end": 107892 }, "blocks": [] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/25/1/3", "start": 108016, "end": 109754 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/25/1/3/1", "start": 108091, "end": 108464 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-a41b2da43292d72773e606e8", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/25/1/3/1/0/0", "start": 108205, "end": 108330 }, "anchors": [], "src": 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{ "text": "victims", "href": "/documents/fd64487528994439bbbf25ed/" }, { "text": " of the former revolutionary leaders who are currently serving in the Eritrean government or in the Opposition. The opposition leaders of the " }, { "text": "EDA", "href": "/documents/2db17df472600301e1858351/" }, { "text": " and " }, { "text": "EPDP", "href": "/documents/9314b50c7face6498929f752/" }, { "text": " are not innocent of crime. They like the PFDJ leaders whom they are accusing of committing crimes against the Eritrean people " }, { "text": "since 1991", "href": "/documents/21c23e137025777af6df1939/" }, { "text": " are also guilty" } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 2, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/25/1/3/5", "start": 109541, "end": 109690 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-4c0c9500b58f9b4ccfee2509", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/25/1/3/5/0", "start": 109557, "end": 109685 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/91051ed9a947220b127c94dedc6133739a8fef45e8ba1c1db899c5aa54bf2507.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-198de170b2426a9443b17ba4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/4/1/55/1/42/10/49/4/16/27/0", "start": 109907, "end": 109908 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣ" }, { "text": "ብ ክንዲ ንኢሳያስ፡ “ነዊሕ ኣብ ስልጣን ጸኒሑ፡ ዲክታተር ኮይኑ፡ ቅዋም ኣይተግበረን፡ ስልጣን ንህዝቢ ም", "href": "/documents/1a906c1f10fa740462582a48/" }, { "text": "ርካብ ኣብዩ፡” ወዘተ ኢሎም ዝኸሱዎ፡ መጀመርያ ንሳቶም ብሕግን ብደሞክራስን ይመርሑ፡ ስልጣን ድማ ናብ ህዝቢ የረክቡ። ድሕሪኡ ብዛዕባ ሃገር ክዛረቡን ምኽሮም ክልግሱን ምኸኣሉ። ብሰንኪ ግጉይ ኣመራርሓኦም ድማ ብዙሕ ሰብ ክውደብን ክቃለስን ጸጊሙዎ ኣሎ። ሎሚ ሃገር ሓድሽ ደም የድልያ ኣሎ። ኣዞም መንእሰያት ዝገብሩዎ ዘለዉ ምውድዳባት ቀሊል ስራሕ ኣይኮነን። ምናልባት ምስ ኵነታት ኤውሮጳ ዝጋጮ ጐነጽ ክጥቀሙ ኸለዉ ክጥንቀቑ ኣለዎም ዝብል ርእይቶ ኣለኒ። ካብኡ በለ ግን መዋእል ጀብሃን ሻዕብያን ኣብቂዑ ስለ ዝኾነ፡ ኩላቶም ብናይ ትማሊ ዝሓስቡ፡ ነይረ ጥራይ ዝብሉ ሰባት ኣብ ክንዲ ናብ ስልጣን ምምጥጣር፡ ስልጣን ነቲ ብዛዕባ መጻኢ ዕድል ሃገርን ህዝብን ዝሓስብ መንእሰይ ኣረኪቦም ከም ኣቦታት ወይ ዓበይቲ ዓዲ መጠን ኣማኸርቲ ክኾኑ ጥራይ" }, { "text": "’ዩ ዘለዎም። ሓድሽ እንጌራ ከሎ ዝዓሰወ እንጌራ ደጊም ዘድሊ ኣይመስለን", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "ን። " }, { "text": "Read more", "href": "http://assenna.com/%E1%89%83%E1%88%8D%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%93-%E1%88%B0%E1%8A%A3%E1%8A%95-%E1%88%93%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%BD-%E1%8B%B0%E1%88%9D-%E1%88%93%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%A8%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%A8%E1%88%B5-%E1%8B%AD%E1%89%A5%E1%88%8D/" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-6251beabe9f6391009697e92", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/6/1/6/1/0/1/1/1/0/1/1/1/0/1/0", "start": 111237, "end": 111437 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Anyone with a history of crimes during the armed struggle or after the liberation should not be eligible to stand for any office post. 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no translation or metadata rewrite.", "source_sha256": "2175fa606debac5629ba9f42b13361a1e953233e2ade7e707d4d198e1c2c883e", "evidence": [ { "kind": "catalog-text", "quote": "Testimonies of untold atrocities and suffering" } ] }, "editorial_title": true, "title_review_required": false, "alternate_titles": [ "[Ai] Asmarino \nIndependent", "Testimonies of untold atrocities and suffering" ], "language": "mixed", "author": null, "byline": "Mussie Hadgu", "byline_role": "Testimony credited to", "date": "Monday, 08 September 2008 15:36", "metadata_evidence": [ { "field": "credit", "value": "Mussie Hadgu", "source_excerpt": "isoner and a conscript who wants to be identified by the name of Mussie Hadgu from Eritrea. He wants his testimony to be published in order to", "original_sha256": "2175fa606debac5629ba9f42b13361a1e953233e2ade7e707d4d198e1c2c883e" }, { "field": "date", "value": "Monday, 08 September 2008 15:36", "source_excerpt": "Testimonies of untold atrocities and suffering Monday, 08 September 2008 15:36 This testimony is provided to me by a courageous former prisoner", "original_sha256": "2175fa606debac5629ba9f42b13361a1e953233e2ade7e707d4d198e1c2c883e" } ], "text": "Testimonies of untold atrocities and suffering Monday, 08 September 2008 15:36 This testimony is provided to me by a courageous former prisoner and a conscript who wants to be identified by the name of Mussie Hadgu from Eritrea. He wants his testimony to be published in order to inform the Eritreans in diasporas and the International community on how Eritrean citizens inside the country are treated by the current regime in Eritrea. Elsa Chyrum London, U.K. _______________________________________________________________________ Testimonies of untold atrocities and suffering This is an eye witness account of the terrorism, intimidation, detention, torture, corrupt dealings, killings and various other atrocities committed by the government of the PFDJ against the poor, innocent people of Eritrea. The government of Eritrea is behaving in a way that even a bandit group wouldn’t dare, let alone a legitimate government. In my experience as a prisoner and military trainee in the illegal prisons and concentration camps of Eritrea, I have experienced and witnessed many inhumane and barbaric acts of the government. Today, I have decided to share my experiences with the general public of Eritrea and the wider international community, human rights groups and human rights activists. The people of Eritrea are really facing a savage and merciless enemy that has remained relatively invisible in the eyes of the wider international community and the Eritrean Diaspora. As an eye witness, I will limit my report to what I and others in similar situation have observed and experienced. This means I will be excluding arrests and detentions related to political reasons and families of those in national service (‘national slavery’). By the latter, I mean those families that are forced to pay 50,000 Nakfa (USD 3,333)/individual for those who left the country and 10,000 Nakfa (USD 667)/individual for those who failed to report to their units, both of which are anyways common knowledge to the general public to some extent. Thus, I will shed light only on the following topics: National service or ‘national slavery”: a hiding place for PFDJ and the dictator Since 1994, it has been 13 years. Initially, the proclamation on national service was meant to last for a period of one year and half and to apply to adults (both men and women) between the ages of 18 and 40. However, the national service has now become endless and people who were recruited in 1994 have already served 14 years and it is not yet known when they will be released. After serving all these years, if one becomes absent from his/her units for any reason, he or she is imprisoned and tortured for a period equal to the period of absenteeism. And even if one gets old (i.e., older than 50 years) in the service, he/she is not released. Likewise, people whose health deteriorates while in national service are provided with no attention and little medical care. That is the case even when they develop visible disabilities. Their pleading for release falls on deaf ears and are forced to stay on duty until their eventual death. What is alarming is that now the national service has gotten increasingly indiscriminate; a big chunk of its population is made up of children, under age, old and disabled people. Some as old as the age of sixty have been informally rounded up. Another barbaric thing is that any disabled person has to go to training centers before he/she is declared disabled and exempted. Many of them – and this group includes those who have mental disabilities – are denied and forced to go to military training centers where they suffer horrendously at the hands of the savage, inhumane hands of the PFDJ servants. And in the case of the underage, the PFDJ specially targets those who are between the age of 15 to 17 for commando training. It has found this demographic group’s impressionable age amenable to its evil design. The only excuse they need for recruiting them is that they have to be school dropouts, allegedly related to disciplinary problems or accused of planning to leave the country illegally. There are also many cases where children between the ages of 11 and 14 were taken to training camps for similar reasons. As the result of this illegal and unjust policy that mainly targets the adult population except the very old, all the people of Eritrea are victimized directly or indirectly. Whole masses have been turned into idle unproductive people with no one left behind to look after those in need of food, medical care and other basic necessities. Those in national service get 30 days leave per year if they are lucky; but if they are unfortunate (if they are in Denkelia, for instance), they are given 45 leave days in two to three years time period. As the result of this, the fertility rate has been dropping at an alarming rate – a looming demographic catastrophe. And those serving the national service are treated as slaves with no rights whatsoever, made to work by beating and other forms of punishment, even to the extent of killing them, if they display the slightest sign of opposing the injustice and atrocities committed against them or others. All those who have been rounded up and made to serve arbitrary prison sentences have to go through another tragic and challenging phase, military training at what I call ‘prison or concentration center’, for, in general, the appalling condition with which the trainees are handled is in no way different form the case of the prisoners. The various stages of physical torture and other forms of atrocities these poor innocent people go through are presented below: Imprisonment in various prisons There are various prisons in the country run by the police, national security, operations/military command zones, military intelligence at division level, national intelligence prisons and the military training centers and others which I have not identified to which establishment they belong. All these departments are mandated to terrorize, humiliate, torture and kill. The police establishment: The police has either abandoned or is working at a minimum scale on its objectives: protecting citizens from crimes and ensuring security and order of the public; instead it has turned itself into a body that imprisons people arbitrarily, without presenting them to the court of law. Innocent people are held in prisons in poor conditions, sometimes for years on end with little food. Even if the case is a simple dispute with a neighbor or other similar cases, the method of investigation by the police is contrary to the known professional method. Whatever information or confession they want to get is done by intimidation, beating or other forms of torture. To give a few examples from one of the prisons I was detained (for my safety I refrain to mention the name of the prison station): 1) One investor was given a land concession in a certain village. Some of the villagers disputed his claim and made him stop working for one day by invoking the traditional legal system, “zeban menghisti serah dew ketebl”, which means, “in the name of the government, stop work”, as it is a generations-old custom in the Tigrigna tradition. He went to the police for help, who promptly came with a pickup vehicle and took the villagers away. For almost two weeks, they were tied up and beaten frequently and severely until they made them sign not to further pursue the case; i.e., to drop their demand, and to let the investor work in their land. 2) An 18 year old boy was accused by some for alleged involvement in a fighting. He was in prison for almost three weeks, and I left him there. Even though he was severely beaten already, they continued beating him many times for not admitting his involvement. That is how they get “admission”. It was very upsetting to see him in such a humiliating situation. 3) A man was arrested for alleged involvement in his village’s land dispute – a land around a church which used to be a cemetery, but following the villagers’ decision, where no new graves were allowed. A rich woman from Asmara (her origin is in the village), a relative of one of the Government officials/ generals, started constructing a family grave in violation of the villagers’ decision, allegedly by bribing some of the villagers. He was in prison for more than one month, and I left him there. He was beaten many times, and one day I saw him crying bitterly after a routine beating. 4) One man working for one of the PFDJ’s construction companies (a driver of a bulldozer) sold illegally diesel to a Gardner (rationed oil), When he was found, he was made to pay back every cent of it, but was made to stay in prison at the request of the company for an extended time, and while there, he was being beaten many times for no reason at all. The beating made sense since he had already admitted his guilt. In relation to the rounding up, the police arrest any youth and keep them in detention for a period ranging from days to months and treat them as criminals. From the first moment a person is being arrested, he is put on handcuffs – each police station has been provided with hundreds of handcuffs for this reason. In the police station where I was detained, I stayed for 8 days with others who were detained a week before me, to a total of two weeks. On my eighth day, together with the rest, I was taken to Mendefera police station, and thrown in a crowded room of 4x5 meters in size, with more than 100 persons in it. We were spared because we stayed there for only 3 hours before we were taken to Adi Abeito, Asmara; otherwise, it would have been life-threatening situation. There were 4 rooms in that station and each room was filled with more than 100 people. All the rooms had no ventilation because they do not have windows; there was only a 5 by 10 cm hole on the door. Day and night, it was hot like a furnace, suffocating, and with no space to rest. Most of the detainees were arrested in different areas from the former region of Seraye and served several weeks in detention before they were brought to Menderfera police station. In that police station, under the horrible condition specified above, some were made to stay for more than 3 weeks. There were also those who were imprisoned for more than one year because they are followers of other branches of the Christian faith apart from Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant and Islam (4 recognized religions by the government), and they were kept in isolation from the others in one separate room. As it was the case with those of us who were taken together to Mendefera police station, those who were brought from various other places too were brought on handcuffs. From the moment we were arrested, our shoes, belts, ID cards, other documents, money and other valuable property were taken away from us. When they transferred us to Mendefera police station, we were bare footed and in extremely bad condition because of extremely crowded space in the vehicle we had come. Throughout the drive, we were under the watchful eyes of the guards who kept harassing, intimidating and beating us all along the way in order to prevent any of us from escaping. Our properties – money, shoes, belts, etc – too were transferred to Mendefera police station. From Mendefera, about 70 persons were transferred to Adi Abeito prison, with hands on cuffs and bare footed, on a dumper truck having sharp floor which caused bruises on our feet on contact. There were ten armed men guarding us and there was no space to sit. And if, despite the difficulties, someone attempted to sit from sheer exhaustion, he was harassed and beaten. Within that short span of time, we suffered a lot. What was worse was that the driver was deliberately driving too fast and, as a result, we were colliding with the walls of the truck and with one another. We were terrified that an accident would happen. Before leaving to Adi Abeito, our ID Cards, money and other properties were given back to us but the shoes and belts were directly transferred to the officers of the Adi Abeito military prison. On arrival, the cuffs were removed from our hands. The prison officers at Adi Abeito checked our pockets and bags and allowed us to keep the money and ID cards and other documents but made our shoes and belts lay on the ground of the compound in a hip in a disorderly manner, with no shelter from sunlight, rain and wind. Adi Abeito /5th zone operation prison Though this prison was run by the 5th zone operation/command, it also served as a transit center for prisoners who came from Debub, Anseba and Gash Barka zones before they were made to depart to Wi'A or Me’eter – two notorious prisons with huge concentration camps that accommodate thousands. In this transit prison, there were people who stayed more than eight months, including a man 60 years old, together with his daughter and son. They were all jailed in relation to an attempt to cross the border and to the hard currency found in the hands of the son and daughter. The old man was imprisoned for his alleged cooperation with his daughter and son in their attempt to escape. As I mentioned above, the majority of the prisoners were male youth, with some young women, men around the age of fifty, under age and children as young as 11 years old. As the prisoners come from different zones, some had already served months in jail and passed through various prisons in their respective zones which had, incrementally, extremely harmful effects on their health because of the extremely poor conditions of these prisons as well as the extremely harmful and damaging treatment they were subjected in the hands of the prison officers. Among the children who were in the prison were two 11 years old Ethiopian children from the village of Adi Hibtai who were captured along the Mereb River (in the area between Tsorona and Kisad-Ika). The Ethiopian children were in a very distressing condition. Before reaching Adi Abeito prison, they had passed through four prisons and subjected to a lot of questioning, harassing and intimidation. As little of the essentials was provided by the prison authorities, people had to sleep on bare floor with no bed sheet or blanket to protect them from the freezing cold of the night. Many of the prisoners had to ensure their own supply. As a result, those who came from distant places or who have no relatives in Asmara are the ones who suffered the most. There are many buildings in Adi Abeito prison compound, all of which were initially built for warehousing. Currently, they have been turned into warehouses for people. The building structure we were assigned to was divided into three, excluding the office and guards’ rooms. One hall was assigned to soldiers (people who did their national service), another hall to civilians (those planned to go for national service) and another small hall to women (indiscriminately civilians and soldiers). During my stay in this prison, I came to know many of the prisoners had suffered physical disabilities, and others had developed mental problems resulting from the beating, tying up for long hours at a time and other various forms of torturing. Some were shuffled between Mai Serwa and Adi Abeito prisons because the prison officers were unable to decide in which prison they should be kept; there was confusion as to what their cases fall into. Among those who were disabled by beating and other forms of torture, there was one who was caught by the national security officers around Tsorona when he was attempting to cross the border to Ethiopia. He was called Gerry, a graduate from the University of Asmara. At the beginning, his whole body was almost paralyzed, but at the time I met him (after 7 weeks) he was slowly recovering. What was upsetting was that his pleading for medical access had been dismissively denied. On my tenth day (in Adi Abeito prison), on May 4, 2007, together with others who stayed longer than me in the prison, I was taken to Wi'A. We were 175 persons (171 male and 4 females) in one truck (“bettah”), made to sit on the floor of the truck in an extremely harmful way, where columns of people were made to sit in a painful arrangement in which one is made to sit between the legs of other person who, in his turn, is made to sit between legs of yet another person – this human chain continues like this with no break in between. Our luggage, including our shoes and belts, had occupied quite a significant space of the truck, as it was thrown in disorderly pile by the prison guards. There were 12 armed guards guarding us during the trip; and all of them, to a man, were savage and merciless. It was obvious that they were instructed to torture us. The driver was also instructed to drive fast for a similar reason. And in all of this, no prisoner was allowed to stand up or move in any way as a result of discomfort, pain or any other reason. As the result of the fast driving on the winding road to Massawa, almost every one was throwing up. I myself did not throw up, but my head, shoulders and back were covered by the vomit of the person sitting right behind me. As I was sitting between his legs and his hands were cuffed, this was totally unavoidable. As any movement resulted in serious beating, I could not clean it, and it eventually dried up on my body. But the worst thing is that we had little access to water, and we were not allowed to wash ourselves or our clothes even when we reached our destination. I was able to take bath only after a week, and wash my clothes after two months. We arrived in Wi’A, where the temperature used to reach 48 degree centigrade (in some instances, it even reaches 50 degree centigrade), at 1:00 PM and were made to sit on the burning hot ground for more than two hours during the handing-over processes. During this time, two people collapsed to the ground as a result of sunstroke. Wi’A training center is divided into three camps administratively; namely, Arag, Fenkel and Halhal. Arag and Fenkel accommodate only males, while Halhal is partitioned into two to accommodate both male and female prisoners. Apart from these camps, there are two other prisons. One is under the direct administration of the commander of the whole training center and is made of zinc walls and roofs (hence, scalding hot during the day and freezing cold at night), with almost no ventilation. The rooms are of 2.5 meter in height and narrow in size. The other is an underground prison. I do not know under which administration it falls. The underground prison is reserved for cases considered serious. There are people who served four years in that prison, and most of the cases are related to political and religious issues. There are many from the Pentecost and other minority religions jailed there, most of them women. There are also some women from the Halhal camp that have been transferred to this prison for reportedly “lesbian behavior”. Though the government technically classifies the larger part of Wi’A as a training center (where the trainee/prisoners are kept), and not as a prison, I classify the whole as a prison because it completely falls under the definition of a prison except that most of the prisoners are held in open air and are in direct encounter with the elements. A prison is a fenced place where prisoners are confined with no right to go out or leave the place at their own discretion for certain amount of time and are under continuous heavy guard by armed guards, and can meet relatives, friends and others only when the prison authorities allow them to do so. This definition fits Wi’A well to a detail. In Wi’A, the three camps are fenced by stone walls; and in every gate and outside around the compound, at intervals of about 100 meters distance, as well as inside the camp, there are guard posts erected and armed soldiers put on these posts with the sole task of guarding those inside. It is prohibited to go out of the camp; even within the same camp, it is not allowed to visit friends in other tents. These compounds are only meant for daytime use. There is also one heavily fenced compound in each camp made of stones and thorny acacia trees as high as 3 meters to prevent the prisoners from escaping; these compounds are meant for the night time and have one or two gates depending on their size. As the daytime purpose compound includes living tents for staff, it occupies a large area; hence it has proven difficult to guard it effectively during the night. Therefore the nighttime purpose compound, which is outside the daytime compound, is designed to remedy this problem by concentrating all the prisoners that stay in relatively large area during the day in a narrow area during the night. As a result, it is very crowded, with one person allocated 2 by 0.5 meters area for sleeping. Every evening the prisoners are made to move from the daytime compound, carrying their luggage and drinking water, to the nighttime compound and vice versa. As in the daytime compound, in every gate of the nighttime compound there are guard posts and armed men positioned throughout the night. Yet, the prison authorities are not satisfied by the presence of all these guards and have placed an additional layer of guards to surround the nighttime compound. This task is done by the soldiers of 38 division which are stationed there solely for that purpose. This division is also involved in daytime guarding, but the number of soldiers involved is smaller. There are different types of activities in Wi’A military training, (including propaganda courses), firewood collecting, stone hauling, etc. Once a week all the prisoners have to trek about 15 -20 kilometers to collect and bring firewood under heavy guard, with two lines of troops from the 38 division on both sides, with the prisoners squeezed in the middle. In addition to the troops from the 38 division, there are the guards from the Wi’A prison itself that walk in front and behind every sizable group of prisoners (usually a group makes 180 prisoners). The scene is like an army going to war, with all its equipment, weapons, ammunition and water supply. But more importantly, all of them are invariably equipped with clubs to beat the prisoners. This is a normal practice that takes place whenever the prisoners are taken out of the camp for any kind of activity. The prisoners’ task is not limited to firewood collecting. They are also made to trek about seven kilometer of distance to haul stones on their shoulders. In fact, it is this task that takes about 30-40% of the overall activities’ time. Once a week, in thousands, the prisoners are also made to walk under a heavy guard about 4 kilometers distance to a flowing stream to wash their bodies and clothes in a very crowded and rush manner. The time limit allowed for washing ranges from 10 to15 minutes. In doing all these activities, those sick, weak and disabled are the ones most affected. If one reports that he is tired, sick or disabled, they never believe him and keep beating him mercilessly. Beating and torturing is an everyday practice. Even during military training, if there are few slow learners, there were times when the whole company or battalion is collectively punished either by beating the trainees or making them lie on the ground during the hottest time of the day, which is between noon 12:00 PM and 3:00 PM. As a result of the stress caused by the extreme climate conditions, harsh living conditions, torture of every kind, poor hygiene, no medical care, insufficient food and slave labor, a considerable number of people, particularly women, have been affected by a disease that afflicts the nervous system known in Tigrigna as ‘lewet’. The following are the types of punishment that are common in Wi’A: § Beating using club, whip, plastic tube, fist and foot at any part of the body are everyday happenings. § Tying up the prisoners in various creative ways, such as “otto” (number eight) and “helicopter”, and making them lie on the burning ground for many hours are the most favored forms of torture. If the case is considered to be very serious, the victim is only released to eat and relieve himself (twice per day). Thus, the length of the time varies; in some cases, it can go up to 48 hours at a time. They also beat the victim with different tools and various methods while still tied up. What are the causes for torturing or beating? § Often, there is beating and torturing without any discernable, specific reason. This is mainly done to humiliate the prisoners. § The trainers have been trained in Para-commando military skills. While providing training, or for that matter at any other time, as live experimental targets upon which to practice their talent, they jump and beat the prisoners on their head or any other part of their body using karate, boxing, foot-kick or any combination of those. § If the person makes mistakes while in training or attending military classes or for alleged lack of discipline, that is considered enough of a reason to beat him/her mercilessly. § If one fails to carry a load of firewood or stone that is considered by the guards to be less than the appropriate load – which is as arbitrary as the individual guard on watch – then the normal beating follows. § If a family member, relative, friend, neighbor or even one who is from ones’ area escapes or attempts to escape, a person is punished for not informing the military officers as the alleged person is presumed to know the plan of the escapee. § If one attempts to escape from the camp while still in training, that person is punished using the severest tools and methods and is sent to the zinc prison for two months. When released, he/she is sent back for retraining. § If one had been a soldier and deserted the army, he/she is first sent to the zinc prison for few months. Then, he/she is sent back to his/her former unit where he/she will be jailed to a period equal of his/her absenteeism. § If one gets ill, has a chronic disease, gets exhausted by the tasks or is disabled (physically or mentally), he is automatically considered a suspect. The guards consider any of these as ploys meant to avoid training and other activities and, in fact, force the person to work beyond his/her capacity. And if the prisoner is unable to carry out their orders, he/she is beaten and tortured using the severest methods; some to the extent of losing their lives. As reporting every incident and in detail would take me a long time, I will limit myself to few sample cases to show the extent of punishment used in Wi’A. As the system allows the military personnel unlimited freedom to do whatever they want to do with the prisoners and lets them go unaccountable even if they kill, the handling of the prisoners is dependent on the nature of the individual officer in charge. In Wi’A, there were many cases of killing by beating and other forms of torture, as well by shooting, well known to trainees and prisoners all over the camp. For instance, cases of killing by shooting were said to have taken place in the preceding round of training. However, as all those who went through that training round had by then been assigned to other areas, I have not met a direct eyewitness to those events (as opposed to the Tesseney killings by shooting, where I did meet many eyewitnesses). During my stay in Wi’A, I witnessed the following: § When some prisoners, out of desperation, try to escape by running while fully in sight, a bullet is first fired into the air to call for help. Immediately, soldiers from the 38 division and from the camp itself chase the escapees, accompanied by a pick-up land cruiser called “hadanit” (which means “hunter”). If things seem to get out of control, they shoot a lot of bullets around the escapees – on their sides, front and rear to the extent that it severely limits the movement of the escapees. Fortunately, I have not witnessed any killing by shooting. Because of the hostile environment around the camp and the big number of soldiers deployed to chase the escapees, most escape attempts were futile, almost invariably resulting in capture, followed by beating, torturing and jailing for two months in the zinc prison; and in some instances, resulting in permanent disabilities and deaths. § There are two officers in Fenkel camp notorious for their cruelty. One is nicknamed ‘Sheebi’ (he is Muslim whose real name I do not know) who killed three people by torturing [They were beaten and tied them for long hours in the burning sun. In the torturing and killing of the third victim, I was an eye witness]. Another one is called Samuel, who has killed two persons using the same method as Sheebi. This is common knowledge in the camp; everyone knows about these cases. In Arag camp, Tedros and Tewolde are known for their savage and merciless behavior. However, by only mentioning these persons, it does not mean others do not torture. Torture is a common practice; it is only that the extent to which they use it differs from individual to individual. I do not have information regarding the camp of Halhal regarding this because I had never been there. § In the case of Sheebi, after arriving in Wi’A on the 4th of May, 2007, the next day, Saturday, 5th of May, we were made to trek about 15 kilometers to collect and carry firewood. A young man who was named Siem, from Asmara, and with whom I had been acquainted in Adi Abeito prison on our way back to the camp, was tired and sick and he could not carry his load. Nevertheless, he was forced to continue trekking by continuous beating until he finally collapsed on the ground. Sheebi threatened him that he would really suffer when he reached the camp for his tricks. Four people carried him to the camp. On arrival in the camp, Sheebi tied him up in ‘helicopter’ technique and beat him severely saying that he was feigning it all, and left him tied on the burning ground until he was profusely bleeding through his mouth and nostrils and died on the spot. § I witnessed mentally disabled people being beaten and tortured for “feigning their disability”. One of them is called Kider who was actually residing in Sudan and was only on a visit in Eritrea accompanied by his father for traditional medication when he was rounded up in Barentu. He was tortured for more than two weeks until his health deteriorated and was referred to Asmara psychiatric hospital. After three months, his health improved significantly that they returned him to Wi’A at the time of my departure. There are many like him. Some were examined in the preceding rounds by the Ministry of Defense medical team and found to be totally unfit for national service but were rounded up again and again. Because of their mental problem, they were unable to keep the necessary documents that certify their exemption with them all the time. One such person was Hailemariam from Debarwa. § I witnessed many futile escape attempts where the victims were tortured to the extent that some developed chronic health problems and in some others, permanent physical disability. Seizing of money and ID Cards On arrival at the camp, money, ID cards and other documents are seized with the justification to minimize escaping. Withdrawal of money is allowed only at the discretion of the military officers in one to two months time interval, 100 to 200 Nakfa maximum per one withdrawal. The rest of the money and other documents are returned to the prisoners after training completion and at the dispatching time from the camp. Shopping is allowed once in a week or two weeks time through one person, representing 180 people from a village four kilometer away from the camp. This person registers all the items to be bought and collects the money from each individual and makes the shopping guarded by military personnel. Women prisoners Some women have been jailed with their children because they could not get people who can take responsibility for, and look after, their children. I have seen children as young as 3 to 5 years old, but there could be others younger than this age range for I did not have access to their camp. I had the chance to see the children between the ages of 3 to 5 while they were out of the camp for some activities. In principle, the government excludes married, pregnant, lactating or child rearing women from national service; however, in violation of their own policy, the military authorities have been routinely rounding up women who were found working in bars, night clubs, late at night in the streets and women attempting to cross the border. There are also girls below the age of 18. Those women who came first to the camp have stayed there for more than one and half year without being assigned to any unit/department or ministry, and it is not known how long they will stay in the camp in such a frustrating, depressing and humiliating condition. Children and under age From those who completed training and graduated on the 8th of July 2007, in my own battalion there were 17 children (17 of out 500 participants). If for example we take 17 as average number per battalion, this means in 10 battalions (each battalion on average of 500 people), there will be about 170 children in total between the age of 11 and 14 out of 5000 trainees, and so on. What is more frustrating for the children is that because of their age (even a rifle is too heavy for them to carry), they are not being assigned to the military units but are made servants of the military officers and have remained in the camp behind us. From the preceding rounds, we encountered children who remained behind their batch and were serving the military officers in tasks such as: selling cigarettes in the camp for the officers’ benefit, washing their clothes, fetching them water and making other things ready. To mention one of these outside from my battalion: Ermias. To mention some from those who were in my battalion: Meron (11 years), Semere (11), Huruy (14), Osman (14), Dejen (14) – all from Tesseney; Abdurehim (12) from Aligeder; Mahmud (14) from Akurdet; Hassen (12) from Keren; John (11) from Asmara. For Semere, it is his second time – he was in the camp before two years with his care taker. He also once escaped together with Meron, this time using the advice of Huruy (14 years) on how to escape. After hours of hiding and trekking, they reached the road between Foro and Massawa and a truck driver offered them a lift to Massawa and took them to a military camp presumably for two reasons: to avoid being responsible for helping children escape and, as they were tired and hungry, to get them food in the military camp. The soldiers fed them and allowed them go to the town for picnic; however, after staying in the town for long hours, they were hungry and returned to the camp hoping to get some more food. This time, the military personnel handed them over to the police which, in turn, returned them to Wi’A after one week. On arrival, they (including Huruy, the one who advised them) were not spared the routine torture that adult escapees face. John was captured with his 8 years old brother attempting to cross to Sudan when the guide his mother had arranged was captured. Together with his brother and his mother, he was jailed for about 3 months, after which his mother and his younger brother were released while he was taken to Wi’A. Concerning the under age (those between 14 and 17 years of age), since their number is big, I do not have an estimate figure to present. People getting trained several times Because people who did their national service are punished proportionately to the number of years of their absenteeism from their units, and two more years if they attempt to cross the border to other country, many youths deny that they have ever been soldiers and claim that they are civilians. As result, many of them are first taken to Wi’A as conscription evaders in need of military training. This was admitted by the commander of Wi’A concentration center, Colonel Jamal, on our graduation day speech, “Some of you have come to the training center many times. What is upsetting is that some of you, in hiding your identity, you are not only disadvantaging your families, you are also leaving a black stain in history.” Foreigners Many foreigners have also become victims of the indiscriminate round ups and military training. In the 7th division that graduated in May- June, 2007, there were Somalis, Sudanese and Nigerians. In one meeting, particularly, the Nigerians angrily complained for being illegally detained and trained but the answer from the military officers was cynical, “Do not hate training, it will benefit you”. However, I do not have further information regarding the Sudanese and Nigerians, but the Somalis were handed over to the police, who came over to the camp and took them in a police truck after they completed their training. Wi’A as a transit to Me’eter prison Wi’A also serves as a transit to Me’eter, a place along the Red Sea coast between Karura and Massawa, which serves the dual purpose of concentration camp and military training. Those transferred to Me’eter are those prisoners whose severe sentencing for attempting to cross to neighboring countries has already been decided. They are first transported to Wi’A and later separated from others and transported to Me’eter. According to eyewitnesses I talked to, Me’eter is worse than Wi’A. First, people who go there are those who are sentenced to more than two years. And, second, conditions are far worse in Meeter than in Wi’A. Despite the fact that the temperature is as high as Wi’A, even during the daytime, prisoners have no shelter from the burning sun; i.e. they stay in the thorny acacia tree fenced compound under extremely heavy guard (with no shade day and night), and are forcibly made to work and get training bare footed on the scorching hot ground. Some prisoners taken to Dahlak Islands Some of the prisoners/recruits were taken to Dahlak Islands and stayed there for 3 months before they returned to Wi’A by the end of July 2007. In the Dahlak Islands, they were offloading and loading weapons from boats which they did not know where they came from and where they were heading to. Restriction of prayer in Wi’A In Arag camp, both preaching and praying are prohibited and criminalized while in Fenkel camp, preaching and praying in groups are prohibited and criminalized but praying in singles is permitted. Generally speaking, both preaching and praying in the whole Wi’A concentration camp are prohibited and criminalized. Nevertheless, there are variations in the implementation, and enforcement of these rules and it varies from camp to camp. In Arag camp, the military personnel strictly adhere to these rules and violating these rules results in serious punishments. But in Fenkel camp, though the prohibition of preaching is strictly enforced, in practice Muslims are allowed to pray in groups; Christians are, however, not allowed to pray in groups. This is because the commander of Fenkel camp, himself a Muslim (Captain Salem Omer), is making the Muslims a favor. But I do not have any information how these rules are implemented and enforced in Halhal camp. Food, water and medical service Under this topic, I will discuss further the supplies and health situation. Food In police stations, the police in guard provide us with bread and tea in the mornings and lentil soup during lunch and dinner time. The whole day’s bread ration is supplied at one time, in the morning during breakfast time (this is my experience in Debub). I am not sure of the situation in other areas but it does not vary much. I could not determine whether the bread and soup provided would be sufficient or not because as most people are detained in the area of their residence, there are many visitors who make generous food contribution; in some instances, there would even be left over. In the police station where I was detained, the food that was provided by the police was hardly touched. In other prisons such as Barentu, only three pieces of bread per day per individual are provided, with no soup at all; thus causing those who stayed longer in those prisons to get weaker as a result of extended starvation. In Adi Abeito only 4 pieces of poor quality bread per day per person are provided with no soup or tea. In Wi’A, 4 pieces of bread per day, two cups of tea per day (during breakfast and dinner) and almost no soup – it is water what they call lentil soup or expired cowpeas soup (WFP Food Aid – this food aid is likely to be the one that was confiscated by the government in 2005). Since food was scarce, disorder and fighting were routine events during meal time. Sometimes, for two weeks, no tea was served. The food that was provided was not only poor in quality but was far below the required calories intake, let alone to provide the required proteins, vitamins and minerals. As a result of this, many starved and got weak and thin to the extent their health rapidly deteriorated. As a solution to this problem, in each camp, a fattening program was introduced, where good lentil soup was served and more pieces of bread supplied. Thus, those that got visibly most malnourished were referred to the fattening program till their body normalized before they were made to return to the general feeding system. The fattening program was introduced from past experiences when the supplies were by far shorter, resulting in many of the prisoners being anemic. Most people survive by using their own supply such as ‘tihni’ (fried barley flour), sugar, and some times dates, sardine and milk (‘nido’). Hence, those who were not able to secure their own supply due to financial or other reasons and children were the most affected. During meal times, the prisoners were fed under the burning sun because there was no shelter built for that purpose. I have no information about the underground prison and the prison in Me’eter, though I had met some people from both prisons; I did not discuss the food provisions, health service and water supplies with them. Water In most cases drinking water was not that much of a problem, but there was extremely limited access to water for bathing and washing clothing. And in police stations, they allow you to bath in one or two weeks time. As a result, we were all dirty and infested with lice. In places like Adi Abeito and Barentu, people have never washed their clothes and bodies even for two months. One batch that came to Wi’A from Barentu three weeks after us really smelled very bad. It was so tragic to see them in such a condition to the extent that the camp made a favor to them by allowing them the next day to wash their clothes and bodies. In Wi’A, for drinking purposes, I would say the supply to a certain degree was OK, with occasional shortages, but was not clean because it was infested with cockroaches and other insects. The main problem we had was the shortage of water containers because the camp does not provide containers. Thus, stealing water containers was common. Washing clothes and taking a bath was allowed once a week on a nearby stream, within a limited time of 10 to 15 minutes. Bed sheets, shoes, clothing In the prisons no bed sheets or blankets were provided (in police stations, only in few instances were bed sheets provided). Even in Wi’A, no shoes, blankets, bed sheets or clothes were supplied; each individual had to provide himself. In cold places (in the highlands), people suffer a lot because of cold. Many people were without shoes but still they were forced to work and get trained on the scorching hot ground and on the sharp stones scattered all over the ground. Relieving wastes: Except in Wi’A, urination is in containers put at the corner of the cell. For solid wastes, it is twice per day, once in the morning and another in the afternoon. Apart from this, it is not allowed even if a person has diarrhea or stomach problem. People therefore use the urine containers in such instances. Moreover, what is distressing and humiliating is that in the places where prisoners relieve their wastes in the open, they do that under heavy guard, in a very confined, narrow place and in few minutes (maximum of 5 minutes). To give an example, let’s take a look at how they do it in Adi Abeito prison. Because the guards are afraid of prisoners escaping, they first divide them in groups ranging from 50 to 80, and then around 60 soldiers take positions surrounding an area half the size of a football field. Then the prisoners are made to run on their bare feet on sharp stoned ground to that field by beating and intimidating. Every time it is to this same place the prisoners are taken for relieving of their wastes and the time allowed is few minutes; any delay results in beating. Thus, the soil is covered by the waste and the prisoners add to it continuously, making new layers of wastes. In Wi’A, relieving solid waste is allowed twice per day, during morning and evening. The prisoners go to the same place frequently; however, since it is also allowed while performing some activities far in the wilderness, it is relatively better. There is still time limit but it is relatively longer. The problem is during the night where it is not allowed to get out of the fenced compound for any reason. In each fenced nighttime compound there is one toilet, but this is only for urination (and only for some hours of the night), for people who are diabetic and for those who have written paper from the first aid (health worker) permitting them to use the toilet because of diarrhea. The permission can be obtained only the next day, meaning those who get sick during the night have no right to use the toilet. Health services Health services are almost nonexistent. In the other type of prisons, there is no access to health services. During the night, even if a person is dying, they refuse to open the prison gate; thus if a person is in a serious health problem loss of life is often the inevitable result. In Wi’A training camp and prisons too, with a capacity to house over 15,000 trainee-prisoners and other-prisoners, [at the time I was there, besides the trainee-prisoners, there about 3,000 officially recognized prisoners] the health service is almost nonexistent. There is one health station that serves the three prison camps which is poorly equipped, with no laboratory, with extreme shortage of medicine and poorly staffed. It is run by health assistants on their national service duties. In each camp, there are people from the prisoners who have health background who do first aid work; but since they are constrained by lack of medicine, they are of no use except in giving advice and issuing reference in serious cases to the health station. For example, there is no anti pain, ORS. And what is worse is since people who claim to be sick are often suspected of faking it to avoid hard labor or arduous military training, instead of medical treatment, they usually receive punishment that exacerbates their condition. As a result, many have died because of the combined effect of lack of medical treatment and the harsh treatment they get. As the result of the extremely hot climate, meager food, crowded living, hard labor and exhausting activities, many people are easily susceptible to sunstroke. Another devastating result of these poor living conditions was a meningitis breakout in the center that killed many people in its first incidence due to the delay caused by denial of the government and, consequently, to the total lack of medical treatment. But after the disease claimed so many lives, the approach somehow improved a little bit. But even after the meningitis case drew the attention of the Ministry of Health, despite the provision of preventive drugs, it persisted in the center for quite some time; and this may be attributed to the ever-prevalent poor living conditions. Scabies and other skin diseases are also common, and lice infestation is everywhere. 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He wants his testimony to be published in order to inform the Eritreans in diasporas and the International community on how Eritrean citizens inside the country are treated by the current regime in Eritrea." } ] }, { "id": "b-991c77e653cd24919553ce93", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/5/0", "start": 11699, "end": 11722 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Elsa Chyrum" } ] }, { "id": "b-2fea2840cdf1952aa77094a5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/7/0", "start": 11731, "end": 11768 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "London, U.K." } ] }, { "id": "b-2921ebd50d1cf7c1d23930f7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/9/0", "start": 11777, "end": 11860 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "_______________________________________________________________________" } ] }, { "id": "b-0fb39f2300203515ecc2e961", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/15/0", "start": 11913, "end": 12015 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Testimonies of untold atrocities and suffering", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-7eadff606105982563a13289", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/19/0", "start": 12102, "end": 13664 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "This is an eye witness account of the terrorism, intimidation, detention, torture, corrupt dealings, killings and various other atrocities committed by the government of the PFDJ against the poor, innocent people of Eritrea. The government of Eritrea is behaving in a way that even a bandit group wouldn’t dare, let alone a legitimate government. In my experience as a prisoner and military trainee in the illegal prisons and concentration camps of Eritrea, I have experienced and witnessed many inhumane and barbaric acts of the government. Today, I have decided to share my experiences with the general public of Eritrea and the wider international community, human rights groups and human rights activists. The people of Eritrea are really facing a savage and merciless enemy that has remained relatively invisible in the eyes of the wider international community and the Eritrean Diaspora. As an eye witness, I will limit my report to what I and others in similar situation have observed and experienced. This means I will be excluding arrests and detentions related to political reasons and families of those in national service (‘national slavery’). By the latter, I mean those families that are forced to pay 50,000 Nakfa (USD 3,333)/individual for those who left the country and 10,000 Nakfa (USD 667)/individual for those who failed to report to their units, both of which are anyways common knowledge to the general public to some extent. Thus, I will shed light only on the following topics:" } ] }, { "id": "b-2a5889de89da9b3dfa6ff2fd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/23/0", "start": 13695, "end": 13831 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "National service or ‘national slavery”: a hiding place for PFDJ and the dictator", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-0c67963790aa3c3aef9b1af8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/27/0", "start": 13905, "end": 14884 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Since 1994, it has been 13 years. Initially, the proclamation on national service was meant to last for a period of one year and half and to apply to adults (both men and women) between the ages of 18 and 40. However, the national service has now become endless and people who were recruited in 1994 have already served 14 years and it is not yet known when they will be released. After serving all these years, if one becomes absent from his/her units for any reason, he or she is imprisoned and tortured for a period equal to the period of absenteeism. And even if one gets old (i.e., older than 50 years) in the service, he/she is not released. Likewise, people whose health deteriorates while in national service are provided with no attention and little medical care. That is the case even when they develop visible disabilities. Their pleading for release falls on deaf ears and are forced to stay on duty until their eventual death." } ] }, { "id": "b-2d5824f0800b859cea2159c1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/31/0", "start": 14915, "end": 16076 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "What is alarming is that now the national service has gotten increasingly indiscriminate; a big chunk of its population is made up of children, under age, old and disabled people. Some as old as the age of sixty have been informally rounded up. Another barbaric thing is that any disabled person has to go to training centers before he/she is declared disabled and exempted. Many of them – and this group includes those who have mental disabilities – are denied and forced to go to military training centers where they suffer horrendously at the hands of the savage, inhumane hands of the PFDJ servants. And in the case of the underage, the PFDJ specially targets those who are between the age of 15 to 17 for commando training. It has found this demographic group’s impressionable age amenable to its evil design. The only excuse they need for recruiting them is that they have to be school dropouts, allegedly related to disciplinary problems or accused of planning to leave the country illegally. There are also many cases where children between the ages of 11 and 14 were taken to training camps for similar reasons." } ] }, { "id": "b-df6652dcf972cdc0482511bc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/35/0", "start": 16107, "end": 17094 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As the result of this illegal and unjust policy that mainly targets the adult population except the very old, all the people of Eritrea are victimized directly or indirectly. Whole masses have been turned into idle unproductive people with no one left behind to look after those in need of food, medical care and other basic necessities. Those in national service get 30 days leave per year if they are lucky; but if they are unfortunate (if they are in Denkelia, for instance), they are given 45 leave days in two to three years time period. As the result of this, the fertility rate has been dropping at an alarming rate – a looming demographic catastrophe. And those serving the national service are treated as slaves with no rights whatsoever, made to work by beating and other forms of punishment, even to the extent of killing them, if they display the slightest sign of opposing the injustice and atrocities committed against them or others." } ] }, { "id": "b-43c0e963f74b0294a2e2b7a0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/39/0", "start": 17125, "end": 17606 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "All those who have been rounded up and made to serve arbitrary prison sentences have to go through another tragic and challenging phase, military training at what I call ‘prison or concentration center’, for, in general, the appalling condition with which the trainees are handled is in no way different form the case of the prisoners. The various stages of physical torture and other forms of atrocities these poor innocent people go through are presented below:" } ] }, { "id": "b-f7ab0e57066b876dd8d8a668", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/43/0", "start": 17637, "end": 17724 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Imprisonment in various prisons", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-862fe52481f610b8ef305650", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/47/0", "start": 17798, "end": 18187 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "There are various prisons in the country run by the police, national security, operations/military command zones, military intelligence at division level, national intelligence prisons and the military training centers and others which I have not identified to which establishment they belong. All these departments are mandated to terrorize, humiliate, torture and kill." } ] }, { "id": "b-06e50ead887ca8da861e7e0b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/51/0", "start": 18218, "end": 18286 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The police establishment:", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-822c68fd6b943746d908e5c4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/55/0", "start": 18317, "end": 19146 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The police has either abandoned or is working at a minimum scale on its objectives: protecting citizens from crimes and ensuring security and order of the public; instead it has turned itself into a body that imprisons people arbitrarily, without presenting them to the court of law. Innocent people are held in prisons in poor conditions, sometimes for years on end with little food. Even if the case is a simple dispute with a neighbor or other similar cases, the method of investigation by the police is contrary to the known professional method. Whatever information or confession they want to get is done by intimidation, beating or other forms of torture. To give a few examples from one of the prisons I was detained (for my safety I refrain to mention the name of the prison station):" } ] }, { "id": "b-422f09d905dddaadbd6a9056", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/59/0", "start": 19177, "end": 19914 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1) One investor was given a land concession in a certain village. Some of the villagers disputed his claim and made him stop working for one day by invoking the traditional legal system, “zeban menghisti serah dew ketebl”, which means, “in the name of the government, stop work”, as it is a generations-old custom in the Tigrigna tradition. He went to the police for help, who promptly came with a pickup vehicle and took the villagers away. For almost two weeks, they were tied up and beaten frequently and severely until they made them sign not to further pursue the case; i.e., to drop their demand, and to let the investor work in their land." } ] }, { "id": "b-9bfd63ad1683f02ec9d2a4b0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/63/0", "start": 19945, "end": 20393 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "2) An 18 year old boy was accused by some for alleged involvement in a fighting. He was in prison for almost three weeks, and I left him there. Even though he was severely beaten already, they continued beating him many times for not admitting his involvement. That is how they get “admission”. It was very upsetting to see him in such a humiliating situation." } ] }, { "id": "b-ee2d662918ee914adf53178f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/69/0", "start": 20446, "end": 21127 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "3) A man was arrested for alleged involvement in his village’s land dispute – a land around a church which used to be a cemetery, but following the villagers’ decision, where no new graves were allowed. A rich woman from Asmara (her origin is in the village), a relative of one of the Government officials/ generals, started constructing a family grave in violation of the villagers’ decision, allegedly by bribing some of the villagers. He was in prison for more than one month, and I left him there. He was beaten many times, and one day I saw him crying bitterly after a routine beating." } ] }, { "id": "b-6a19c82dab644a90864738fd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/73/0", "start": 21158, "end": 21664 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "4) One man working for one of the PFDJ’s construction companies (a driver of a bulldozer) sold illegally diesel to a Gardner (rationed oil), When he was found, he was made to pay back every cent of it, but was made to stay in prison at the request of the company for an extended time, and while there, he was being beaten many times for no reason at all. The beating made sense since he had already admitted his guilt." } ] }, { "id": "b-4df8201d9fbc57c6855ea2ed", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/77/0", "start": 21695, "end": 22781 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In relation to the rounding up, the police arrest any youth and keep them in detention for a period ranging from days to months and treat them as criminals. From the first moment a person is being arrested, he is put on handcuffs – each police station has been provided with hundreds of handcuffs for this reason. In the police station where I was detained, I stayed for 8 days with others who were detained a week before me, to a total of two weeks. On my eighth day, together with the rest, I was taken to Mendefera police station, and thrown in a crowded room of 4x5 meters in size, with more than 100 persons in it. We were spared because we stayed there for only 3 hours before we were taken to Adi Abeito, Asmara; otherwise, it would have been life-threatening situation. There were 4 rooms in that station and each room was filled with more than 100 people. All the rooms had no ventilation because they do not have windows; there was only a 5 by 10 cm hole on the door. Day and night, it was hot like a furnace, suffocating, and with no space to rest." } ] }, { "id": "b-be1afa8162d52808f7a950c1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/81/0", "start": 22812, "end": 23626 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Most of the detainees were arrested in different areas from the former region of Seraye and served several weeks in detention before they were brought to Menderfera police station. In that police station, under the horrible condition specified above, some were made to stay for more than 3 weeks. There were also those who were imprisoned for more than one year because they are followers of other branches of the Christian faith apart from Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant and Islam (4 recognized religions by the government), and they were kept in isolation from the others in one separate room. As it was the case with those of us who were taken together to Mendefera police station, those who were brought from various other places too were brought on handcuffs." } ] }, { "id": "b-87acc70e6c2c117315d674b3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/85/0", "start": 23657, "end": 24256 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "From the moment we were arrested, our shoes, belts, ID cards, other documents, money and other valuable property were taken away from us. When they transferred us to Mendefera police station, we were bare footed and in extremely bad condition because of extremely crowded space in the vehicle we had come. Throughout the drive, we were under the watchful eyes of the guards who kept harassing, intimidating and beating us all along the way in order to prevent any of us from escaping. Our properties – money, shoes, belts, etc – too were transferred to Mendefera police station." } ] }, { "id": "b-1c8e96485ada45fb0a27bbc2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/89/0", "start": 24287, "end": 25178 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "From Mendefera, about 70 persons were transferred to Adi Abeito prison, with hands on cuffs and bare footed, on a dumper truck having sharp floor which caused bruises on our feet on contact. There were ten armed men guarding us and there was no space to sit. And if, despite the difficulties, someone attempted to sit from sheer exhaustion, he was harassed and beaten. Within that short span of time, we suffered a lot. What was worse was that the driver was deliberately driving too fast and, as a result, we were colliding with the walls of the truck and with one another. We were terrified that an accident would happen. Before leaving to Adi Abeito, our ID Cards, money and other properties were given back to us but the shoes and belts were directly transferred to the officers of the Adi Abeito military prison. On arrival, the cuffs were removed from our hands." } ] }, { "id": "b-cf2e8c3aa521af1419ac00f6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/93/0", "start": 25209, "end": 25495 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The prison officers at Adi Abeito checked our pockets and bags and allowed us to keep the money and ID cards and other documents but made our shoes and belts lay on the ground of the compound in a hip in a disorderly manner, with no shelter from sunlight, rain and wind." } ] }, { "id": "b-03beb3d35a0e6b5211866414", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/97/0", "start": 25526, "end": 25630 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Adi Abeito /5", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "th", "marks": [ "strong", "sup" ] }, { "text": " zone operation prison", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-d041967073dc3e9d57137857", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/101/0", "start": 25704, "end": 26977 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Though this prison was run by the 5" }, { "text": "th", "marks": [ "sup" ] }, { "text": " zone operation/command, it also served as a transit center for prisoners who came from Debub, Anseba and Gash Barka zones before they were made to depart to Wi'A or Me’eter – two notorious prisons with huge concentration camps that accommodate thousands. In this transit prison, there were people who stayed more than eight months, including a man 60 years old, together with his daughter and son. They were all jailed in relation to an attempt to cross the border and to the hard currency found in the hands of the son and daughter. The old man was imprisoned for his alleged cooperation with his daughter and son in their attempt to escape. As I mentioned above, the majority of the prisoners were male youth, with some young women, men around the age of fifty, under age and children as young as 11 years old. As the prisoners come from different zones, some had already served months in jail and passed through various prisons in their respective zones which had, incrementally, extremely harmful effects on their health because of the extremely poor conditions of these prisons as well as the extremely harmful and damaging treatment they were subjected in the hands of the prison officers." } ] }, { "id": "b-5e1b3f8a75d78007b06ce0b2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/105/0", "start": 27008, "end": 27424 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Among the children who were in the prison were two 11 years old Ethiopian children from the village of Adi Hibtai who were captured along the Mereb River (in the area between Tsorona and Kisad-Ika). The Ethiopian children were in a very distressing condition. Before reaching Adi Abeito prison, they had passed through four prisons and subjected to a lot of questioning, harassing and intimidation." } ] }, { "id": "b-093836ebfc93967c5791ed66", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/109/0", "start": 27455, "end": 28344 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As little of the essentials was provided by the prison authorities, people had to sleep on bare floor with no bed sheet or blanket to protect them from the freezing cold of the night. Many of the prisoners had to ensure their own supply. As a result, those who came from distant places or who have no relatives in Asmara are the ones who suffered the most. There are many buildings in Adi Abeito prison compound, all of which were initially built for warehousing. Currently, they have been turned into warehouses for people. The building structure we were assigned to was divided into three, excluding the office and guards’ rooms. One hall was assigned to soldiers (people who did their national service), another hall to civilians (those planned to go for national service) and another small hall to women (indiscriminately civilians and soldiers)." } ] }, { "id": "b-30724d40ed85c2530c98d4aa", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/113/0", "start": 28375, "end": 29337 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "During my stay in this prison, I came to know many of the prisoners had suffered physical disabilities, and others had developed mental problems resulting from the beating, tying up for long hours at a time and other various forms of torturing. Some were shuffled between Mai Serwa and Adi Abeito prisons because the prison officers were unable to decide in which prison they should be kept; there was confusion as to what their cases fall into. Among those who were disabled by beating and other forms of torture, there was one who was caught by the national security officers around Tsorona when he was attempting to cross the border to Ethiopia. He was called Gerry, a graduate from the University of Asmara. At the beginning, his whole body was almost paralyzed, but at the time I met him (after 7 weeks) he was slowly recovering. What was upsetting was that his pleading for medical access had been dismissively denied." } ] }, { "id": "b-99495c67da982832ca3aba90", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/117/0", "start": 29368, "end": 31179 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On my tenth day (in Adi Abeito prison), on May 4, 2007, together with others who stayed longer than me in the prison, I was taken to Wi'A. We were 175 persons (171 male and 4 females) in one truck (“bettah”), made to sit on the floor of the truck in an extremely harmful way, where columns of people were made to sit in a painful arrangement in which one is made to sit between the legs of other person who, in his turn, is made to sit between legs of yet another person – this human chain continues like this with no break in between. Our luggage, including our shoes and belts, had occupied quite a significant space of the truck, as it was thrown in disorderly pile by the prison guards. There were 12 armed guards guarding us during the trip; and all of them, to a man, were savage and merciless. It was obvious that they were instructed to torture us. The driver was also instructed to drive fast for a similar reason. And in all of this, no prisoner was allowed to stand up or move in any way as a result of discomfort, pain or any other reason. As the result of the fast driving on the winding road to Massawa, almost every one was throwing up. I myself did not throw up, but my head, shoulders and back were covered by the vomit of the person sitting right behind me. As I was sitting between his legs and his hands were cuffed, this was totally unavoidable. As any movement resulted in serious beating, I could not clean it, and it eventually dried up on my body. But the worst thing is that we had little access to water, and we were not allowed to wash ourselves or our clothes even when we reached our destination. I was able to take bath only after a week, and wash my clothes after two months." } ] }, { "id": "b-067444945e6de8e610a0c8a9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/121/0", "start": 31210, "end": 31558 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "We arrived in Wi’A, where the temperature used to reach 48 degree centigrade (in some instances, it even reaches 50 degree centigrade), at 1:00 PM and were made to sit on the burning hot ground for more than two hours during the handing-over processes. During this time, two people collapsed to the ground as a result of sunstroke." } ] }, { "id": "b-d19fe4f0a61d471d0a7a6783", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/125/0", "start": 31589, "end": 32732 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Wi’A training center is divided into three camps administratively; namely, Arag, Fenkel and Halhal. Arag and Fenkel accommodate only males, while Halhal is partitioned into two to accommodate both male and female prisoners. Apart from these camps, there are two other prisons. One is under the direct administration of the commander of the whole training center and is made of zinc walls and roofs (hence, scalding hot during the day and freezing cold at night), with almost no ventilation. The rooms are of 2.5 meter in height and narrow in size. The other is an underground prison. I do not know under which administration it falls. The underground prison is reserved for cases considered serious. There are people who served four years in that prison, and most of the cases are related to political and religious issues. There are many from the Pentecost and other minority religions jailed there, most of them women. There are also some women from the Halhal camp that have been transferred to this prison for reportedly “lesbian behavior”." } ] }, { "id": "b-40744c4450549f8030ef2739", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/129/0", "start": 32763, "end": 33475 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Though the government technically classifies the larger part of Wi’A as a training center (where the trainee/prisoners are kept), and not as a prison, I classify the whole as a prison because it completely falls under the definition of a prison except that most of the prisoners are held in open air and are in direct encounter with the elements. A prison is a fenced place where prisoners are confined with no right to go out or leave the place at their own discretion for certain amount of time and are under continuous heavy guard by armed guards, and can meet relatives, friends and others only when the prison authorities allow them to do so. This definition fits Wi’A well to a detail." } ] }, { "id": "b-379bf5c90ab6fb6774f1842d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/135/0", "start": 33541, "end": 34011 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In Wi’A, the three camps are fenced by stone walls; and in every gate and outside around the compound, at intervals of about 100 meters distance, as well as inside the camp, there are guard posts erected and armed soldiers put on these posts with the sole task of guarding those inside. It is prohibited to go out of the camp; even within the same camp, it is not allowed to visit friends in other tents. These compounds are only meant for daytime use." } ] }, { "id": "b-7b308405747b33ca99f428e9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/139/0", "start": 34042, "end": 35501 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "There is also one heavily fenced compound in each camp made of stones and thorny acacia trees as high as 3 meters to prevent the prisoners from escaping; these compounds are meant for the night time and have one or two gates depending on their size. As the daytime purpose compound includes living tents for staff, it occupies a large area; hence it has proven difficult to guard it effectively during the night. Therefore the nighttime purpose compound, which is outside the daytime compound, is designed to remedy this problem by concentrating all the prisoners that stay in relatively large area during the day in a narrow area during the night. As a result, it is very crowded, with one person allocated 2 by 0.5 meters area for sleeping. Every evening the prisoners are made to move from the daytime compound, carrying their luggage and drinking water, to the nighttime compound and vice versa. As in the daytime compound, in every gate of the nighttime compound there are guard posts and armed men positioned throughout the night. Yet, the prison authorities are not satisfied by the presence of all these guards and have placed an additional layer of guards to surround the nighttime compound. This task is done by the soldiers of 38 division which are stationed there solely for that purpose. This division is also involved in daytime guarding, but the number of soldiers involved is smaller." } ] }, { "id": "b-c5d5967bd240fd51847e52f8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/143/0", "start": 35532, "end": 36440 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "There are different types of activities in Wi’A military training, (including propaganda courses), firewood collecting, stone hauling, etc. Once a week all the prisoners have to trek about 15 -20 kilometers to collect and bring firewood under heavy guard, with two lines of troops from the 38 division on both sides, with the prisoners squeezed in the middle. In addition to the troops from the 38 division, there are the guards from the Wi’A prison itself that walk in front and behind every sizable group of prisoners (usually a group makes 180 prisoners). The scene is like an army going to war, with all its equipment, weapons, ammunition and water supply. But more importantly, all of them are invariably equipped with clubs to beat the prisoners. This is a normal practice that takes place whenever the prisoners are taken out of the camp for any kind of activity." } ] }, { "id": "b-27e3a4287817fb61af8410c6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/147/0", "start": 36471, "end": 37004 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The prisoners’ task is not limited to firewood collecting. They are also made to trek about seven kilometer of distance to haul stones on their shoulders. In fact, it is this task that takes about 30-40% of the overall activities’ time. Once a week, in thousands, the prisoners are also made to walk under a heavy guard about 4 kilometers distance to a flowing stream to wash their bodies and clothes in a very crowded and rush manner. The time limit allowed for washing ranges from 10 to15 minutes." } ] }, { "id": "b-1239aedf2dd454aeaf5b8c6c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/151/0", "start": 37035, "end": 37582 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In doing all these activities, those sick, weak and disabled are the ones most affected. If one reports that he is tired, sick or disabled, they never believe him and keep beating him mercilessly. Beating and torturing is an everyday practice. Even during military training, if there are few slow learners, there were times when the whole company or battalion is collectively punished either by beating the trainees or making them lie on the ground during the hottest time of the day, which is between noon 12:00 PM and 3:00 PM." } ] }, { "id": "b-fdfa16db8a6029ed37cc7349", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/155/0", "start": 37613, "end": 37988 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As a result of the stress caused by the extreme climate conditions, harsh living conditions, torture of every kind, poor hygiene, no medical care, insufficient food and slave labor, a considerable number of people, particularly women, have been affected by a disease that afflicts the nervous system known in Tigrigna as ‘lewet’." } ] }, { "id": "b-aeb0274ca248410ee7cd2d03", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/159/0", "start": 38019, "end": 38128 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The following are the types of punishment that are common in Wi’A:", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-1b475c9269c01cf2bc10d602", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/163/0", "start": 38159, "end": 38342 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "§ Beating using club, whip, plastic tube, fist and foot at any part of the body are everyday happenings." } ] }, { "id": "b-b5cdf45d2cf4075ad19b8209", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/167/0", "start": 38373, "end": 38945 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "§ Tying up the prisoners in various creative ways, such as “otto” (number eight) and “helicopter”, and making them lie on the burning ground for many hours are the most favored forms of torture. If the case is considered to be very serious, the victim is only released to eat and relieve himself (twice per day). Thus, the length of the time varies; in some cases, it can go up to 48 hours at a time. They also beat the victim with different tools and various methods while still tied up." } ] }, { "id": "b-8c077204b113e78a4165dfdf", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/171/0", "start": 38993, "end": 39081 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "What are the causes for torturing or beating?", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-06b5dae62c0d75b5a920512b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/175/0", "start": 39112, "end": 39321 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "§ Often, there is beating and torturing without any discernable, specific reason. This is mainly done to humiliate the prisoners." } ] }, { "id": "b-7c8b55a47a7bd9fa3a199de9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/179/0", "start": 39352, "end": 39786 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "§ The trainers have been trained in Para-commando military skills. While providing training, or for that matter at any other time, as live experimental targets upon which to practice their talent, they jump and beat the prisoners on their head or any other part of their body using karate, boxing, foot-kick or any combination of those." } ] }, { "id": "b-c70c2c52bd61921eb2013c1a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/183/0", "start": 39830, "end": 40090 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "§ If the person makes mistakes while in training or attending military classes or for alleged lack of discipline, that is considered enough of a reason to beat him/her mercilessly." } ] }, { "id": "b-37c82690916a98ad6a15582f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/187/0", "start": 40121, "end": 40415 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "§ If one fails to carry a load of firewood or stone that is considered by the guards to be less than the appropriate load – which is as arbitrary as the individual guard on watch – then the normal beating follows." } ] }, { "id": "b-b40e2d13dc134f42a40cd0f0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/191/0", "start": 40446, "end": 40769 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "§ If a family member, relative, friend, neighbor or even one who is from ones’ area escapes or attempts to escape, a person is punished for not informing the military officers as the alleged person is presumed to know the plan of the escapee." } ] }, { "id": "b-a659f8531e576f8fc2ee9b37", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/195/0", "start": 40800, "end": 41107 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "§ If one attempts to escape from the camp while still in training, that person is punished using the severest tools and methods and is sent to the zinc prison for two months. When released, he/she is sent back for retraining." } ] }, { "id": "b-fda811e602d50fe2bfbda7fa", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/199/0", "start": 41138, "end": 41444 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "§ If one had been a soldier and deserted the army, he/she is first sent to the zinc prison for few months. Then, he/she is sent back to his/her former unit where he/she will be jailed to a period equal of his/her absenteeism." } ] }, { "id": "b-b9e629c4abad2607f85635a0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/203/0", "start": 41475, "end": 42019 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "§ If one gets ill, has a chronic disease, gets exhausted by the tasks or is disabled (physically or mentally), he is automatically considered a suspect. The guards consider any of these as ploys meant to avoid training and other activities and, in fact, force the person to work beyond his/her capacity. And if the prisoner is unable to carry out their orders, he/she is beaten and tortured using the severest methods; some to the extent of losing their lives." } ] }, { "id": "b-22945002e6bd71ab8b06c5e0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/207/0", "start": 42050, "end": 43057 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As reporting every incident and in detail would take me a long time, I will limit myself to few sample cases to show the extent of punishment used in Wi’A. As the system allows the military personnel unlimited freedom to do whatever they want to do with the prisoners and lets them go unaccountable even if they kill, the handling of the prisoners is dependent on the nature of the individual officer in charge. In Wi’A, there were many cases of killing by beating and other forms of torture, as well by shooting, well known to trainees and prisoners all over the camp. For instance, cases of killing by shooting were said to have taken place in the preceding round of training. However, as all those who went through that training round had by then been assigned to other areas, I have not met a direct eyewitness to those events (as opposed to the Tesseney killings by shooting, where I did meet many eyewitnesses). During my stay in Wi’A, I witnessed the following:" } ] }, { "id": "b-9f0fd48a5afeeb4f72b9fd11", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/211/0", "start": 43101, "end": 44085 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "§ When some prisoners, out of desperation, try to escape by running while fully in sight, a bullet is first fired into the air to call for help. Immediately, soldiers from the 38 division and from the camp itself chase the escapees, accompanied by a pick-up land cruiser called “hadanit” (which means “hunter”). If things seem to get out of control, they shoot a lot of bullets around the escapees – on their sides, front and rear to the extent that it severely limits the movement of the escapees. Fortunately, I have not witnessed any killing by shooting. Because of the hostile environment around the camp and the big number of soldiers deployed to chase the escapees, most escape attempts were futile, almost invariably resulting in capture, followed by beating, torturing and jailing for two months in the zinc prison; and in some instances, resulting in permanent disabilities and deaths." } ] }, { "id": "b-caa16d7e55f113442a29b565", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/215/0", "start": 44116, "end": 45097 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "§ There are two officers in Fenkel camp notorious for their cruelty. One is nicknamed ‘Sheebi’ (he is Muslim whose real name I do not know) who killed three people by torturing [They were beaten and tied them for long hours in the burning sun. In the torturing and killing of the third victim, I was an eye witness]. Another one is called Samuel, who has killed two persons using the same method as Sheebi. This is common knowledge in the camp; everyone knows about these cases. In Arag camp, Tedros and Tewolde are known for their savage and merciless behavior. However, by only mentioning these persons, it does not mean others do not torture. Torture is a common practice; it is only that the extent to which they use it differs from individual to individual. I do not have information regarding the camp of Halhal regarding this because I had never been there." } ] }, { "id": "b-dab2afc26e5325daa0741055", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/219/0", "start": 45128, "end": 46095 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "§ In the case of Sheebi, after arriving in Wi’A on the 4" }, { "text": "th", "marks": [ "sup" ] }, { "text": " of May, 2007, the next day, Saturday, 5" }, { "text": "th", "marks": [ "sup" ] }, { "text": " of May, we were made to trek about 15 kilometers to collect and carry firewood. A young man who was named Siem, from Asmara, and with whom I had been acquainted in Adi Abeito prison on our way back to the camp, was tired and sick and he could not carry his load. Nevertheless, he was forced to continue trekking by continuous beating until he finally collapsed on the ground. Sheebi threatened him that he would really suffer when he reached the camp for his tricks. Four people carried him to the camp. On arrival in the camp, Sheebi tied him up in ‘helicopter’ technique and beat him severely saying that he was feigning it all, and left him tied on the burning ground until he was profusely bleeding through his mouth and nostrils and died on the spot." } ] }, { "id": "b-5d21183e3de687de9caffdea", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/223/0", "start": 46126, "end": 47137 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "§ I witnessed mentally disabled people being beaten and tortured for “feigning their disability”. One of them is called Kider who was actually residing in Sudan and was only on a visit in Eritrea accompanied by his father for traditional medication when he was rounded up in Barentu. He was tortured for more than two weeks until his health deteriorated and was referred to Asmara psychiatric hospital. After three months, his health improved significantly that they returned him to Wi’A at the time of my departure. There are many like him. Some were examined in the preceding rounds by the Ministry of Defense medical team and found to be totally unfit for national service but were rounded up again and again. Because of their mental problem, they were unable to keep the necessary documents that certify their exemption with them all the time. One such person was Hailemariam from Debarwa." } ] }, { "id": "b-b3d76ab79950e7387c298197", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/227/0", "start": 47168, "end": 47430 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "§ I witnessed many futile escape attempts where the victims were tortured to the extent that some developed chronic health problems and in some others, permanent physical disability." } ] }, { "id": "b-7c63a97197f649fa8eff8d6e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/231/0", "start": 47461, "end": 47533 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Seizing of money and ID Cards", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-b4b8be5b407a3dd2824b32ff", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/235/0", "start": 47607, "end": 48338 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On arrival at the camp, money, ID cards and other documents are seized with the justification to minimize escaping. Withdrawal of money is allowed only at the discretion of the military officers in one to two months time interval, 100 to 200 Nakfa maximum per one withdrawal. The rest of the money and other documents are returned to the prisoners after training completion and at the dispatching time from the camp. Shopping is allowed once in a week or two weeks time through one person, representing 180 people from a village four kilometer away from the camp. This person registers all the items to be bought and collects the money from each individual and makes the shopping guarded by military personnel." } ] }, { "id": "b-c7f1864da47a630362ce5c84", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/239/0", "start": 48369, "end": 48427 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Women prisoners", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-67f9fd5bcc2e4035245cda98", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/243/0", "start": 48475, "end": 49298 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Some women have been jailed with their children because they could not get people who can take responsibility for, and look after, their children. I have seen children as young as 3 to 5 years old, but there could be others younger than this age range for I did not have access to their camp. I had the chance to see the children between the ages of 3 to 5 while they were out of the camp for some activities. In principle, the government excludes married, pregnant, lactating or child rearing women from national service; however, in violation of their own policy, the military authorities have been routinely rounding up women who were found working in bars, night clubs, late at night in the streets and women attempting to cross the border. There are also girls below the age of 18." } ] }, { "id": "b-f17256e8a61c5bc086aeba26", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/247/0", "start": 49329, "end": 49608 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Those women who came first to the camp have stayed there for more than one and half year without being assigned to any unit/department or ministry, and it is not known how long they will stay in the camp in such a frustrating, depressing and humiliating condition." } ] }, { "id": "b-ebcaf8eaf0c51fbd8cce7bf3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/251/0", "start": 49639, "end": 49704 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Children and under age", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-6b2ca6c99f441ad6b852afcf", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/255/0", "start": 49752, "end": 50708 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "From those who completed training and graduated on the 8" }, { "text": "th", "marks": [ "sup" ] }, { "text": " of July 2007, in my own battalion there were 17 children (17 of out 500 participants). If for example we take 17 as average number per battalion, this means in 10 battalions (each battalion on average of 500 people), there will be about 170 children in total between the age of 11 and 14 out of 5000 trainees, and so on. What is more frustrating for the children is that because of their age (even a rifle is too heavy for them to carry), they are not being assigned to the military units but are made servants of the military officers and have remained in the camp behind us. From the preceding rounds, we encountered children who remained behind their batch and were serving the military officers in tasks such as: selling cigarettes in the camp for the officers’ benefit, washing their clothes, fetching them water and making other things ready." } ] }, { "id": "b-906a1d7dd0aa0d866b93d387", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/259/0", "start": 50739, "end": 51085 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "To mention one of these outside from my battalion: Ermias. To mention some from those who were in my battalion: Meron (11 years), Semere (11), Huruy (14), Osman (14), Dejen (14) – all from Tesseney; Abdurehim (12) from Aligeder; Mahmud (14) from Akurdet; Hassen (12) from Keren; John (11) from Asmara." } ] }, { "id": "b-6d492b0e78d7bffe4d86640e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/263/0", "start": 51116, "end": 52110 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "For Semere, it is his second time – he was in the camp before two years with his care taker. He also once escaped together with Meron, this time using the advice of Huruy (14 years) on how to escape. After hours of hiding and trekking, they reached the road between Foro and Massawa and a truck driver offered them a lift to Massawa and took them to a military camp presumably for two reasons: to avoid being responsible for helping children escape and, as they were tired and hungry, to get them food in the military camp. The soldiers fed them and allowed them go to the town for picnic; however, after staying in the town for long hours, they were hungry and returned to the camp hoping to get some more food. This time, the military personnel handed them over to the police which, in turn, returned them to Wi’A after one week. On arrival, they (including Huruy, the one who advised them) were not spared the routine torture that adult escapees face." } ] }, { "id": "b-99c252206f1b84a9869692a2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/267/0", "start": 52141, "end": 52450 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "John was captured with his 8 years old brother attempting to cross to Sudan when the guide his mother had arranged was captured. Together with his brother and his mother, he was jailed for about 3 months, after which his mother and his younger brother were released while he was taken to Wi’A." } ] }, { "id": "b-1cb2e70423ebdcf16b7d5494", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/271/0", "start": 52481, "end": 52631 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Concerning the under age (those between 14 and 17 years of age), since their number is big, I do not have an estimate figure to present." } ] }, { "id": "b-bb32743a99529663b52b6392", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/275/0", "start": 52662, "end": 52741 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "People getting trained several times", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-a210e71077de33b8b5d79c7a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/279/0", "start": 52789, "end": 53549 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Because people who did their national service are punished proportionately to the number of years of their absenteeism from their units, and two more years if they attempt to cross the border to other country, many youths deny that they have ever been soldiers and claim that they are civilians. As result, many of them are first taken to Wi’A as conscription evaders in need of military training. This was admitted by the commander of Wi’A concentration center, Colonel Jamal, on our graduation day speech, “Some of you have come to the training center many times. What is upsetting is that some of you, in hiding your identity, you are not only disadvantaging your families, you are also leaving a black stain in history.”" } ] }, { "id": "b-b1cdaf21fb333eb29e938b48", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/283/0", "start": 53580, "end": 53632 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Foreigners", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-1c27d4936b4e1411f6a3b2b4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/287/0", "start": 53680, "end": 54348 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Many foreigners have also become victims of the indiscriminate round ups and military training. In the 7" }, { "text": "th", "marks": [ "sup" ] }, { "text": " division that graduated in May- June, 2007, there were Somalis, Sudanese and Nigerians. In one meeting, particularly, the Nigerians angrily complained for being illegally detained and trained but the answer from the military officers was cynical, “Do not hate training, it will benefit you”. However, I do not have further information regarding the Sudanese and Nigerians, but the Somalis were handed over to the police, who came over to the camp and took them in a police truck after they completed their training." } ] }, { "id": "b-d7b35a0e13e29497dbfa7226", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/291/0", "start": 54379, "end": 54457 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Wi’A as a transit to Me’eter prison", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-d2fc3bd49879f07ae6d86921", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/295/0", "start": 54505, "end": 55521 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Wi’A also serves as a transit to Me’eter, a place along the Red Sea coast between Karura and Massawa, which serves the dual purpose of concentration camp and military training. Those transferred to Me’eter are those prisoners whose severe sentencing for attempting to cross to neighboring countries has already been decided. They are first transported to Wi’A and later separated from others and transported to Me’eter. According to eyewitnesses I talked to, Me’eter is worse than Wi’A. First, people who go there are those who are sentenced to more than two years. And, second, conditions are far worse in Meeter than in Wi’A. Despite the fact that the temperature is as high as Wi’A, even during the daytime, prisoners have no shelter from the burning sun; i.e. they stay in the thorny acacia tree fenced compound under extremely heavy guard (with no shade day and night), and are forcibly made to work and get training bare footed on the scorching hot ground." } ] }, { "id": "b-b38bd6aafb07c31f843159c8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/299/0", "start": 55552, "end": 55633 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Some prisoners taken to Dahlak Islands", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-1bf92f530cd955074cd72b44", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/303/0", "start": 55681, "end": 56007 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Some of the prisoners/recruits were taken to Dahlak Islands and stayed there for 3 months before they returned to Wi’A by the end of July 2007. In the Dahlak Islands, they were offloading and loading weapons from boats which they did not know where they came from and where they were heading to." } ] }, { "id": "b-47d961edfdc37e1da776a13c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/307/0", "start": 56038, "end": 56123 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Restriction of prayer in Wi’A", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-e839871e2b6aa96b965c87f1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/311/0", "start": 56197, "end": 57177 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In Arag camp, both preaching and praying are prohibited and criminalized while in Fenkel camp, preaching and praying in groups are prohibited and criminalized but praying in singles is permitted. Generally speaking, both preaching and praying in the whole Wi’A concentration camp are prohibited and criminalized. Nevertheless, there are variations in the implementation, and enforcement of these rules and it varies from camp to camp. In Arag camp, the military personnel strictly adhere to these rules and violating these rules results in serious punishments. But in Fenkel camp, though the prohibition of preaching is strictly enforced, in practice Muslims are allowed to pray in groups; Christians are, however, not allowed to pray in groups. This is because the commander of Fenkel camp, himself a Muslim (Captain Salem Omer), is making the Muslims a favor. But I do not have any information how these rules are implemented and enforced in Halhal camp." } ] }, { "id": "b-6534de1a2a0c117a8c917dca", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/315/0", "start": 57208, "end": 57295 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Food, water and medical service", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-12ca290bd0343d84994a8b4a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/319/0", "start": 57369, "end": 57457 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Under this topic, I will discuss further the supplies and health situation." } ] }, { "id": "b-0cc4a2b87090e068391c04ce", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/323/0", "start": 57505, "end": 57551 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Food", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-cab5a9ef6611117513a1e84c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/327/0", "start": 57625, "end": 58570 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In police stations, the police in guard provide us with bread and tea in the mornings and lentil soup during lunch and dinner time. The whole day’s bread ration is supplied at one time, in the morning during breakfast time (this is my experience in Debub). I am not sure of the situation in other areas but it does not vary much. I could not determine whether the bread and soup provided would be sufficient or not because as most people are detained in the area of their residence, there are many visitors who make generous food contribution; in some instances, there would even be left over. In the police station where I was detained, the food that was provided by the police was hardly touched. In other prisons such as Barentu, only three pieces of bread per day per individual are provided, with no soup at all; thus causing those who stayed longer in those prisons to get weaker as a result of extended starvation." } ] }, { "id": "b-00ea8e3da1cb68d22697d3be", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/331/0", "start": 58614, "end": 58729 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In Adi Abeito only 4 pieces of poor quality bread per day per person are provided with no soup or tea." } ] }, { "id": "b-eabf7e8054598f994f57d15f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/335/0", "start": 58760, "end": 60372 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In Wi’A, 4 pieces of bread per day, two cups of tea per day (during breakfast and dinner) and almost no soup – it is water what they call lentil soup or expired cowpeas soup (WFP Food Aid – this food aid is likely to be the one that was confiscated by the government in 2005). Since food was scarce, disorder and fighting were routine events during meal time. Sometimes, for two weeks, no tea was served. The food that was provided was not only poor in quality but was far below the required calories intake, let alone to provide the required proteins, vitamins and minerals. As a result of this, many starved and got weak and thin to the extent their health rapidly deteriorated. As a solution to this problem, in each camp, a fattening program was introduced, where good lentil soup was served and more pieces of bread supplied. Thus, those that got visibly most malnourished were referred to the fattening program till their body normalized before they were made to return to the general feeding system. The fattening program was introduced from past experiences when the supplies were by far shorter, resulting in many of the prisoners being anemic. Most people survive by using their own supply such as ‘tihni’ (fried barley flour), sugar, and some times dates, sardine and milk (‘nido’). Hence, those who were not able to secure their own supply due to financial or other reasons and children were the most affected. During meal times, the prisoners were fed under the burning sun because there was no shelter built for that purpose." } ] }, { "id": "b-f66a8cf4d599392a2003977f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/339/0", "start": 60403, "end": 60627 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I have no information about the underground prison and the prison in Me’eter, though I had met some people from both prisons; I did not discuss the food provisions, health service and water supplies with them." } ] }, { "id": "b-dc973aebb1e685f3b1e5143c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/343/0", "start": 60658, "end": 60692 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Water", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-0a7fd30e59479cb212c13ef2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/347/0", "start": 60723, "end": 61400 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In most cases drinking water was not that much of a problem, but there was extremely limited access to water for bathing and washing clothing. And in police stations, they allow you to bath in one or two weeks time. As a result, we were all dirty and infested with lice. In places like Adi Abeito and Barentu, people have never washed their clothes and bodies even for two months. One batch that came to Wi’A from Barentu three weeks after us really smelled very bad. It was so tragic to see them in such a condition to the extent that the camp made a favor to them by allowing them the next day to wash their clothes and bodies." } ] }, { "id": "b-510baff8c39b833a61b1f920", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/351/0", "start": 61431, "end": 61950 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In Wi’A, for drinking purposes, I would say the supply to a certain degree was OK, with occasional shortages, but was not clean because it was infested with cockroaches and other insects. The main problem we had was the shortage of water containers because the camp does not provide containers. Thus, stealing water containers was common. Washing clothes and taking a bath was allowed once a week on a nearby stream, within a limited time of 10 to 15 minutes." } ] }, { "id": "b-c20b967113abc05c4c171dcb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/355/0", "start": 61981, "end": 62051 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Bed sheets, shoes, clothing", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-35f53dc983a7d51b45e43943", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/359/0", "start": 62099, "end": 62589 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In the prisons no bed sheets or blankets were provided (in police stations, only in few instances were bed sheets provided). Even in Wi’A, no shoes, blankets, bed sheets or clothes were supplied; each individual had to provide himself. In cold places (in the highlands), people suffer a lot because of cold. Many people were without shoes but still they were forced to work and get trained on the scorching hot ground and on the sharp stones scattered all over the ground." } ] }, { "id": "b-f02c017994ce5d0e5c1b4738", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/363/0", "start": 62620, "end": 62680 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Relieving wastes", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ":" } ] }, { "id": "b-1caf543d04797ea4add677fc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/367/0", "start": 62711, "end": 63988 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Except in Wi’A, urination is in containers put at the corner of the cell. For solid wastes, it is twice per day, once in the morning and another in the afternoon. Apart from this, it is not allowed even if a person has diarrhea or stomach problem. People therefore use the urine containers in such instances. Moreover, what is distressing and humiliating is that in the places where prisoners relieve their wastes in the open, they do that under heavy guard, in a very confined, narrow place and in few minutes (maximum of 5 minutes). To give an example, let’s take a look at how they do it in Adi Abeito prison. Because the guards are afraid of prisoners escaping, they first divide them in groups ranging from 50 to 80, and then around 60 soldiers take positions surrounding an area half the size of a football field. Then the prisoners are made to run on their bare feet on sharp stoned ground to that field by beating and intimidating. Every time it is to this same place the prisoners are taken for relieving of their wastes and the time allowed is few minutes; any delay results in beating. Thus, the soil is covered by the waste and the prisoners add to it continuously, making new layers of wastes." } ] }, { "id": "b-3105c1f50144d5e836e4f652", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/371/0", "start": 64019, "end": 64871 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In Wi’A, relieving solid waste is allowed twice per day, during morning and evening. The prisoners go to the same place frequently; however, since it is also allowed while performing some activities far in the wilderness, it is relatively better. There is still time limit but it is relatively longer. The problem is during the night where it is not allowed to get out of the fenced compound for any reason. In each fenced nighttime compound there is one toilet, but this is only for urination (and only for some hours of the night), for people who are diabetic and for those who have written paper from the first aid (health worker) permitting them to use the toilet because of diarrhea. The permission can be obtained only the next day, meaning those who get sick during the night have no right to use the toilet." } ] }, { "id": "b-9c09cd29e3d3b8c0f33f21a7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/375/0", "start": 64915, "end": 64972 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Health services", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-e20ae5bc29176f6ee55bfa6f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/379/0", "start": 65020, "end": 66523 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Health services are almost nonexistent. In the other type of prisons, there is no access to health services. During the night, even if a person is dying, they refuse to open the prison gate; thus if a person is in a serious health problem loss of life is often the inevitable result. In Wi’A training camp and prisons too, with a capacity to house over 15,000 trainee-prisoners and other-prisoners, [at the time I was there, besides the trainee-prisoners, there about 3,000 officially recognized prisoners] the health service is almost nonexistent. There is one health station that serves the three prison camps which is poorly equipped, with no laboratory, with extreme shortage of medicine and poorly staffed. It is run by health assistants on their national service duties. In each camp, there are people from the prisoners who have health background who do first aid work; but since they are constrained by lack of medicine, they are of no use except in giving advice and issuing reference in serious cases to the health station. For example, there is no anti pain, ORS. And what is worse is since people who claim to be sick are often suspected of faking it to avoid hard labor or arduous military training, instead of medical treatment, they usually receive punishment that exacerbates their condition. As a result, many have died because of the combined effect of lack of medical treatment and the harsh treatment they get." } ] }, { "id": "b-a39f04f88d876113bb208a8c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/383/0", "start": 66554, "end": 67412 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As the result of the extremely hot climate, meager food, crowded living, hard labor and exhausting activities, many people are easily susceptible to sunstroke. Another devastating result of these poor living conditions was a meningitis breakout in the center that killed many people in its first incidence due to the delay caused by denial of the government and, consequently, to the total lack of medical treatment. But after the disease claimed so many lives, the approach somehow improved a little bit. But even after the meningitis case drew the attention of the Ministry of Health, despite the provision of preventive drugs, it persisted in the center for quite some time; and this may be attributed to the ever-prevalent poor living conditions. Scabies and other skin diseases are also common, and lice infestation is everywhere." } ] }, { "id": "b-36c4db7e7195f778e3824ee4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/389/0", "start": 67465, "end": 67489 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mussie Hadgu" } ] }, { "id": "b-558caa1aa64bdaf4c728f3bd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/1/1/1/6/391/0", "start": 67498, "end": 67517 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Eritrea" } ] }, { "id": "b-189b4bbf502b55c40adc013a", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/6", "start": 68713, "end": 68843 }, "anchors": [ "source-ja-col2" ], "src": "/media/061a07a0fdf862c5d4b20c7315f96ddbe7e1057fad021f0417208940c8ed924b.png", "alt": "", "caption": [] } ], "anchors": { "Top": "source-Top", "ja-wrapper": "source-ja-wrapper", "ja-wrapper-inner": "source-ja-wrapper-inner", "ja-headerwrap": "source-ja-headerwrap", "ja-header": "source-ja-header", "ja-mainnav": "source-ja-mainnav", "ja-cssmenu": "source-ja-cssmenu", "menu248": "source-menu248", "menu355": "source-menu355", "menu373": "source-menu373", "menu357": "source-menu357", "menu375": "source-menu375", "menu385": "source-menu385", "menu451": "source-menu451", "menu197": "source-menu197", "menu198": "source-menu198", "menu199": "source-menu199", "menu200": "source-menu200", "menu201": "source-menu201", "menu305": "source-menu305", "menu306": "source-menu306", "menu308": "source-menu308", "menu166": "source-menu166", "menu167": "source-menu167", "menu168": "source-menu168", "menu169": "source-menu169", "menu170": "source-menu170", "menu171": "source-menu171", "menu173": "source-menu173", "menu172": "source-menu172", "menu174": "source-menu174", "menu176": "source-menu176", "menu177": "source-menu177", "menu178": "source-menu178", "menu179": "source-menu179", "menu180": "source-menu180", "menu192": "source-menu192", "menu193": "source-menu193", "menu194": "source-menu194", "menu195": "source-menu195", "menu196": "source-menu196", "menu429": "source-menu429", "menu431": "source-menu431", "menu427": "source-menu427", "menu428": "source-menu428", "menu430": "source-menu430", "menu432": "source-menu432", "menu434": "source-menu434", "menu433": "source-menu433", "menu458": "source-menu458", "menu456": "source-menu456", "menu457": "source-menu457", "menu379": "source-menu379", "ja-containerwrap-fl": "source-ja-containerwrap-fl", "ja-container": "source-ja-container", "ja-mainbody": "source-ja-mainbody", "ja-content": "source-ja-content", "ja-current-content": "source-ja-current-content", "ja-col2": "source-ja-col2", "ja-pathway": "source-ja-pathway", "ja-footer": "source-ja-footer" }, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/4/1/1", "start": 1001, "end": 9848 }, "text": "[Ai] Asmarino Independent HomeWelcome to Asmarino Radioድምጺ መሰልና ደሊና ድምጺ መሰልና ደሊና ፍሉይ መደብ VoA EnglishEnglish Pages News World Europe Asia Middle East Africa Sport Football Track and Field Entertainment Movies TV Music Books Health Diet and Fitness What Ails You You and Your Family Technology Personal Tech Business Tech Space Science Artist Art Architecture Design Photography Tigrinyaገጻት ብትግርኛ ዜና ደሊና ትንሳኤ ንህሉዋትና፡ ክብሪ ንሰማእታትና ሰማዒ ዝሰኣነ ኣውያት ቃለ-መጠይቕ ኣውያት እዋናዊ ጋዜጣዊ መግለጺ BlogsBlogs ህድሞ ውፍያት CivicSpace Delina WordDelina Word", "text_sha256": "b01249e987530d8645b95c898c502e942b37de1c525e3dcf0a49b7d6c73a6fb4", "reason": "Inherited Asmarino header/breadcrumb/footer", "evidence": "Named Joomla template regions outside ja-current-content article.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/4/1/3/1/6", "start": 67996, "end": 68578 }, "text": "You are here: Home Blogs CivicSpace", "text_sha256": "bb93cb216aacc4853e3c237a0950d97d64621dfa912360618943686e7c5f95c8", "reason": "Inherited Asmarino header/breadcrumb/footer", "evidence": "Named Joomla template regions outside ja-current-content article.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/4/1/5", "start": 68592, "end": 68698 }, "text": "Copyright © 2008 [Ai] Asmarino Independent. 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"medium", "review_required": true, "source_sha256": "7d5e749ae8220254a2acba9bdab86b8dc83f7ffa7c5588a0ed3edb418485a5c0", "evidence": [ { "kind": "catalog-text", "quote": "ቤት ማEሰርቲ ዊዓ (ካብ Eሱራት ነበር ዝተላEክት)" } ], "editorial_note": "Verbatim source heading wording; no translation or identity change." }, "editorial_title": true, "title_review_required": true, "alternate_titles": [ "Microsoft Word - WIA.doc", "ቤት ማEሰርቲ ዊዓ (ካብ Eሱራት ነበር ዝተላEክት)" ], "language": "mixed", "author": null, "byline": null, "byline_role": null, "date": null, "metadata_evidence": [], "text": "ቤት ማEሰርቲ ዊዓ \n(ካብ Eሱራት ነበር ዝተላEክት) \n \nግዚU ኣብ መፋርቅ ሓምለ 2001 Eዩ ዝነበረ። ኮሚቴ ተማህሮ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ነቲ ብሚንስቲሪ ትምህርቲ \nዝወጸ ኩሉ ተማሃራይ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ናብ ማEቶት ክኽይድ ከምዘለዎ ዝሕብር መጸዋEታ ሕጊ ብዝመልO \nኣገባብ ይቃወሙ ነበሩ። ነጥቢ ብነጥቢ ብምቅራብ ነቲ ጻውIት ክኽውን ከምዘይክEል ናብ ፕረዚደንት \nኣስመራ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ዶክተር ወልደኣብ Iስሃቅ ኣቅረቡ። ገለ ካብቲ ዝቀረበ ነጥብታት ንምጥቃስ: \n \n1. ዩኒቨርሲቲ ኣስመራ ርEሰ-ምምሕዳራዊ ኣሰራርሓ ስለዘለዎ፡ ብምኒስትሪ ትምህርቲ ዝወጽE መጸዋEታ \nይኹን ሓበሬታ ንEU ኣይምልከትን። \n2. ክረምታዊ ማEቶት ኣብ ቅዋም ኤርትራ ስለዘየለ፡ ተቀባልነት ከምዘይብሉ። \n3. ካብዚ ሓሊፍ ንተማሃራይ ናብ ክረምታዊ ማEቶት ብዘይ ድልየቱን ብዘይ ዶመዝን ከምዝሳተፍ \nምግባር፡ ነቲ ኤርትራ ኣንጻር ግዱድ ሽቅለት ዝፈረመትሉ ንቻርተራት ውድብ ሕቡራት ሃገራትን፡ \nሰብኣዊ መሰላትን ትጥሕስ ምህላዋ ብምጥቃስ ገለጹ። ክወፍሩ E ንተኾይኑ ግን ብድልየትን \nብደሞዝን ክኽይድ ክምዘለዎ ጸብጻቦም ኣቅረቡ። \nይኹን Eምበር፡ ኣብ መጨረስታ Eቲ ተባሂሉ ደሎ ስራሕ ከም ቆጸራ ሕዝብን ከም ሓበሬታ ምEካብን \nጐስጓስ ንሕዝቢን ብተመሃሮ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ክፍጸም ኣለዎ ብምባል ኣብ ወርሒ 800 ናቅፋ ማለት፡ ኣብ \nመዓልቲ 26 ናቅፋ (1.30 ዶላር) Eንዳተዋህበ ክሰርሕ ከምዘለዎ ፕረዚደንት ኣስመራ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ንተመሃሮ \nገለጸሉ። Eዚ Eኹል ኣይኰነን፡ ንመግብና ንሆቴልና’ውን ዝኣክል ኣይኰነን ብምባል ተመሃሮን ኮሚቴ ናይ \nተመሃሮን ስርዓቱ ብዝሓለወ ንመሰሎም ሓተቱ። \n \nኣብ ከምዚ Eናሃለወ፡ ፕረዚደንት ማሕበር ተመሃሮ ዩኒቨርሲት ኣስመራ ሰመረ ከሰተ ብEለት 31 \nሓምለ 2001፡ ስዓት ሸውዓተ ናይ ንጉሆ፡ ብሰለስተ ናይ ጸጥታ ኣባላት ኤርትራ ካብ ገዝU ብናይ ገዛ መኪና \nተወሲዱ ተኣስረ። ድሕርዚ ተማሃሮ ብዘቅረብዎም ጠለብ ንሕና ንመሰልና ሓቲትና፡ ንፕረዚደንት ተማህሮ \nገበን Eንተሊዎ፡ ናብ ፍርዲ ክቀርብ ኣለዎ ክብሉ ሕቶOም ኣቅረቡ። ንኽምስሉ ንፕረዚደንት ተማሃሮ ብEለት \n9 ነሓስ 2001 ናብ ቤት ፍርዲ ኣቅረብዎ። ይኹን Eንበር ክሲ ስለዘይተመስረተሉ፡ ቤት ፍርዲ ብቆጸራ ናብ \nካልE ግዜ ኣመሓላለፈ። ብሬድዮን ቴሌቪጂንን ኣብ ዝወጸ ምልክታ ኩሉ ተማሃራይ ናብ ማEቶት ክኽይድ \nከምዝግባE ተገልጸ። ይኹን Eምበር ኣብፍርዲ ቀሪቡ Eቲ ዝግባE ፍርዲ ክወሃብ፡ ድሕሪU ንሕና ናብቲ \nዝበሃል ደሎ ክንክይድ ብምባል ናብ ኣውቶቡሳት ምስቃል ኣበዩ። \n ኣብዚ ግዜ’ዚ ፕረዚደንት ዩኒቨርሲቲ ዶክተር ወልደኣብ Iስሃቅ፡ ካብዛ ስዓት Eዚኣ ኣትሒዝኩም፡ \nኣካዳሚ ተዓጽዩ ስለዝኾነ፡ ሓላፍነት ኣይወስድን E ንዳበለ፡ ብIዱ E ንዳ ደፍE ካብቲ ካምፓስ ( ቅጽሪ) \nዩኒቨርሲቲ ኣውጽኣና። ነቲ ማEጾ’ውን ዓጸዎ። ንጽባሒቱ ንግሆ ስዓት 8፡00፡ ፕረዚደንት ተማሃሮ ሰመረ \nከሰተ ናይ ቤት ፍርዲ ቆጸርU ኣኺሉ ስለዝነበረ ተማሃራይ ፍርዱ ክሰምE ናብቲ ቤት ፍርዲ ገጹ ወሓዘ። \nገለ ኣብቲ ውሽጢ E ቲ ቤት ፍርዲ፡ ገለድማ ኣብቲ ቅጽሪ ናይ ቤት ፍርዲ E ንዳ ተጸበዩ ከለው፡ \nብዓሰርተታት ዝቁጸሩ ወተሃደራት ነቲ ቤት ፍርዲ ተዘርEዎ። ናብ ቤት ፍርዲ ብምEታው ከኣ፡ ብበትርን \nብብረትን Eንዳኣፈራርሑን Eንዳቀጥቀጡን፡ ንኹሎም ኣብU ዝነበሩ ተማሃሮ ክህዝዎም ፈተኑ። ኣብ ውሽጢ \nመጋባEያ ኣትዮም ክኣ ብርክት ዝበሉ ተማሃሮ ብሓይሉ ኣብመኪና ኣስቂሎም ናብ Eስታድዮም ኣስመራ \nኣEተውዎም። ልክE ኣብታ ሰዓት E ቲኣ ናብ ሙሉE ሃገር ዝዀነ ተማሃራይ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ኣስመራ ኣብ \nትሕቲ ቁጽጽር ክኣቱ ከምዘለዎ ተመሓላለፈ። ኣብቲ ምሸት ብረትን ኣባትርን ዝሓዙ ወተሃደራት ኣብ \nመደቀሲ ተመሃሮ (ዶርሚቶሪ) ብምEታው ንኣዝዮም ብዙሓት ተማሃሮ ከካብ መደቀሲOም ቅያር ክዳን \nዘይብሎም ኣብ ዝባኖም ዝነበረ ጥራይ ተኽዲኖም E ንዳሰራጠዩ ናብ ኣስመራ ስታዲዮም ወሰዱዎም። \nምስቶም ኣብU ዝነበሩ ሓዊስካ ኣስታት 300 ዝኾኑ ተማሃሮ ኔሮም። በቲ ዝሃርም ዝነበረ ዝናብ ጠስጢሶም \nብቁሪ Eንዳተገረፍን ብጥምየት Eንዳተሳቀዩን መርየት ጸልመተ ወግሓ። ኣዴታትን ኣቦታትን ድማ ሙሉE \nመዓልቲ ክሳብ ምሸት ኣብ ኣፍደገ ስታድዮም ንተመሃሮ ቅያር ክዳውንትን ዝብላEን ክህብዎም Iሎም \nተኣኪቦም ኔሮም፡ ግና በባትር ተሰጉጎም ክምU’ውን ዝተቀጥቀጣ ኣዴታት’ውን ነይረን Eየን። \n \nንጽባሒቱ ንግሆ ፈውሲ ሞት ሓደ ሓደ ክበጽሕ ዘይክEል ኣስቃጥላን ጉስማጥን ተዋህቦም። ኣብ \nከባቢ ሰዓት 11፡00 ቅድሚ ቀትሪ ዝኽውን መካይን ተቀረባ። ሓበሬታ ከይሃቡ ከኣ ክሰቅልዎም ፈተኑ። \nEቶም ተማሃሮ ግን ዝበደልናዮ ነገር የለን መሰልና ብሕጊን ብኣገባብን ሓቲትና፡ ናበይ ትወስዱና ኣለኹም \nIሎም ሓቲቶም። Eንተኾነ ብዘይ ዘረባ ተሰቀሉ ተባህሉ። ኣይንድይብን ክብሉ ቃሎም ኣስምU። ሓደ \nካብቶም ሽጉጥ ሒዞም ዝነበሩ ሓለፍቲ ከኣ ወተሃደራት ክኣትው ኣዘዘ። ቁጽሮም ናብ 50 ዝበጽሑ፡ ፍርቆም \nካላሽን፡ ፍርቆም ኣባትር ዝሓዙ ተሰሪOም ኣተው። ብሓይሊ ደይቡ በልዎም። Eቶም ተማሃሮ ከምዘይድይቡ \nገለጹሎም። ብረቶም ኣAመሩ። ሰብ በትሪ ንተማሃሮ ክሃርምዎም ጀመሩ። ኣውያት ተደርጓሐ። ብላEልን \nብታሕትን ናይታ ስታዲዮም ደረጃ ደይቦም ወተሃደራት ዓይኒ የብለይ ስኒ የብለይ ቀጥቀጥዎም። ብዙሓት \nኣካላዊ ማህሰይቲ ወረዶም። ኣብ ደገ ኮይኖም ዝጽበዩ ዝነበሩ ወለድን ኣሕዋትን፡ ኣEወዩ። E ቶም \nወተሃደራት በባትር E ንዳቀርሰሙ ኣባረርዎም። E ግሩ ዝስበር ተሰይሩ፡ ዝፍጋE ተፈጊU፡ ሓይሎም \nምስደኽሞም፡ ብሓይሊ Eንዳ ጐተቱ ሰቀልዎም። ናብ ዘይተፈልጠ ቦታ ብብሎኮ ባጽE ወሰድዎም። ሃለዋቶም \nንፈልጥ ኣይነበርናን። ድሕሪ ቁሩብ ምዓልቲ ግን ኩሉ ተማሃራይ ስለዝሰዓቦም፡ ብዓይኑ ርEዩዎም። Eዚ Eቲ \nኩሉ ተማሃራይ ናብ ዊዓ ምስ ተወስደ Eዩ። \n \nEለት 12 ነሓሰ 2001 E ዩ ነይሩ፡ ድሕሪ ሰለስተ ምዓልቲ ካብቶም ብሓይሊ ዝተወስዱ ተማሃሮ \nማለት’ዩ። ልክE ንግሆ ሰዓት 6 ፡00 ኣትሒዙ፡ ተማህራይ በቲ ዝወጸ ምልክታ ተሰናቢዱ ፈሪሁ ናብ \nስታድዮም ዘርጠብ Eንዳበለ ክEከብ ጃመረ። በብቁሩብ Eንዳተኣከበ ከይቆረሰ ከይተመስሓ ኣብU ተዓጽዩ \nምስወዓለ ልክE ሰዓት 4፡00 ድሕሪ ቀትሪ ምስኮነ፡ መካይን በጥሓትን ኤነትረታትን ንውሽጢ Eስታድዮም \nኣተዋ። ኣስታት 1700 ዝኽውን ተማሃራይ ምስ ጥሙይ ከብዱ ምድላዋት ከይገበረ ምብጋስ ኰነ። ብብሎኮ \nባጽE ወጻና። ናበይ ከምንኽይድ ኣይንፈልጥን ነበርና። ንባጽE ሓሊፍና ናብ የማናይ ወገን ናይታ ከተማ ናብ \nመንገዲ ዓሰብ ኣምራሕና። ድሕሪ 6 ሰዓት ኣስታት ሰዓት 10፡00 ናይ ምሸት ዊዓ Eተባህለ ቦታ ኣቲና። \nብዘይ ማይ ብዘይ መግቢ፡ ምስ ዝኹሉ ድኻም፡ ኣብቲ ኣEማን ዝበዝሖ ቦታ ብዘይ መንጸፍ ደቀስና። ብኹሉ \nወተሃደራት ተኽቢብና ሓደርና። ሰዓት 10 ፡00 ናይ ንጉሆ ይኽውን ነተን ደቂ ኣንስትዮ ካባና ፈልዮም \nንምብራቅ ወገን ወሰዱወን። ንሕና’ውን ዝነበረና ቦርሳ ተሰኪምና ድማ ጉEዞ ብኣEጋር ቀጸለ። ነቲ ሰራዊት \nዝቅመጠሉ ንጸጋም ገዲፍና ንሰሜናዊ ምEራብ ገጽና ተጓዓዝና። ገለ ሕልፍ ሕልፍ Iልካ ዝርከብ ቆጥቋጥ \nዘለዎ ቦታ ምስ በጻሕና ኰፍ በሉ በሉና። ካብ መጀመርታ ምስተበገስና ካብ ሰዓት 6፡00 ናይ ንግሆ ስጋብ \n11፡00 ንጽብሒቱ፡ ን30 ሰዓታት ብዘይ መግቢ ተሳቀና። \n \n ልክE ሰዓት 12፡00 ፍርቂ መዓልቲ ድማ ብጽምI ማይ ተማሃሮ ክወድቁ ምስ ጀመሩ፡ ናብ ሓደ \nዓቢ ሩባ ናብ ሩባ ሓዳስ ዝሕውስ ወሰዱና። ኣብቲ ንኽዶ ዝነበርና ጉEዞ ገለ ብጾትና ክወድቁ ጀመሩ። \nክነልEሎም ኣይፍቀደናን ነበረ። ኣብቲ ሩባ ምስ በጻሕና ኣብቲ ውሽጢ ውሕጅ ሓርየት ኣተና። ነቲ ሓርየት \nማይ ኣብ ጥራይ ከብድና ሰተናዮ። ብዙሓት ኣብU Eንከለው ወደቁ። ተሰኪምና ናብ ላEሊ ኣውጻEናዮም። \nገዲፍክሞም ኪዱ በሉና። ሃለዋቶም ዘጥፍU ብዙሓት ወዲቆም ነበሩ። በቲ ካብታ ከባቢ ማይ ትወስድ \nዝነበረት ቦጥ በብሓደ Eንዳ ገበሩ ወሰድዎም። Eዝከረኒ ንበልO ምስ ሰኣና ኣብቲ ስግር ናይቲ ንሰትየሉ \nዝነበርና ሩባ፡ ብዙሓት ኣጣል ርኣና። ናብU ገጽና ሰለይ Eንዳበልና ከድና። ኣብU ተረፍ ናይቲ ኣብU \nዝነበረ ሰራዊት ንቁጽ ባኒ Eተን ኣጣል ይበልዓ ነበራ። Eተን ኣጣል ይበልOO ዝነበራ ንቁጽ ባኒ ምስ ረኣናዮ \nኣዚና ተሓጐስና። ሕማቅ Eንዳጨነወና ክኣ በቲ ሓደ ወገን Eተን ኣጣል ይበልዓ፡ በቲ ሓድ ድማ ንህና \nክንበልE ፈተንና። Eንተዀነ Eቲ ባኒ ኣዝዩ ዝነቀጸ ስለዝነበረ ምሕያኽ ኣበየና። ኣብ ክዳንና ጌርና ናብቲ \nሩባ ብምውሳድ ከኣ፡ ኣብቲ ማይ ኣለኽናዮ። ንነብስና በሊEና፡ ነቶም ኣብቲ ደረት ሩባ ኣብ ገረብ ደቂሶም \nብጥምየት ድሳቀዩ ድነበሩ ኣEሩኽና ኣምጻEናሎም። ቁሩብ ሓይሊ ረኺብና ድማ ክንንቃሳቀስ \nጀመርና። ኣብቲ ደረት መንገዲ ፡ ካብቲ ሩባ ምስወጻና፡ ብዙሓት ተማሃሮ ወዲቆም ርኣና። ድሒሩ \nከምዝሰማEናዮ፡ ይርጋ ዮሴፍ ብEለት 14 ነሓሰ 2001 ከምU ድማ የማነ ተኪኤ ብEለት 19 ነሓሰ 2001 \nከምዝሞቱ ሰማEና። ብዙሓትው’ን ስነኣEምሯ’ውን ኣካላውን ስንክልና ኣጋጢምዎም። ንኣብነት ኣብ ጐድንና \nዝድቅስ ዝነበረ ናይ 2ይ ዓመት ናይ ስነ-ህይወት (Biology) ተመሃራይ፡ ናይ ኣEምሮ ጸገም ኣጋጢምዎ \nተጸሊሉ። ናይዚ ኩሉ ስቃይ Eቲ ንልEሊ 30 ሰዓታት ብዘይ መግብን ማይን ከምU’ውን ባህርያዊ ኩነታት \nዊዓ ተደሚርዎ ኣብ ሂወትና ዓቢ ፈተነ ነበረ። \n \n ዊዓ ካብ ባጽE ንሸነኽ ደቡብ 45 ኪሎሜትር ካብ መንገዲ ዓሰብ ንየማን Eልይ Iልካ ካብ ከተማ \nፎሮ ንሰሜናዊ ምEራብ ኣስታት 6 ኪሎሜትር ብሰሜን፣ ብምEራብን ብደቡብን ጐቦታት Eተኽበት ዓሟቅ \nመዓስከር ወተሃደራት’ያ። ኣብቲ ግዜቲ ኣዝዩ ሙቀት ስለዝነበረ ልEሊ 45 ዲግሪ ሴንቲግሬድ ከምዝነበረ \nኣብቲ ክሊኒክ ተዓቒቦም ዝነበሩ ብጾትና ሓቢሮምና። E ቲ ዘገርም ግን በዚ ልUል ሙቀት፡ ንዊዓ \nንማEሰርትን ንስቅያትን ቦታ ክትከ’ውን ምምራጾም Eዩ። \n \n \nነቶም ኣብU ዝጸንሁ ወተሃደራት “EዚOም ንመንግስቲ ኽግልብጡ ዝፈተኑ E ዮም። ጸረ ሃገር \nEዮም። ጸጊቦም Eዮም። ንስኹም ኣብ ድፋዓት ኮንኩም ሃገርኩም ተገልግሉ፡ ንሳቶም ድማ የማርጹ” ዝብል \nጌጋ ሓበሬታ ተዋሂብዎም ከምዝነበረ ገሊOም ነጊሮምና። ድሕሪ ሰሙን ኣቢሉ ይኽውን ፡ ኣዛዚ ናይታ ኣብኣ \nዝነበረት ክፍለሰራዊት 35 ኰነሬል ገብሪኤል ወልደስላሴ ንኣስታት 2000 ንኽውን ተማሃሮ ኣከበና። ኣብ 4 \nጉጅለ ድማ መቐሉና። E ታ ቀዳመይቲ ጉጅለ ኣዋልድ ዝነበረኣ ንጽባሒቱ ንግሆ ንገልዓሎ ዝተባህለት \nብማEሰርቲ ፍልጥቲ ዝኾነት ቦታ ወሰዱወን። ሓለፍቲ ናይታ መዓስክር ተቃውሞ ከይመጽE ብምስጋE ነተን \n2 ጉጅለ ናብ ገልዓሎ ወሰድዎም። 2 ጉጅለ ድማ ኣብ ዊዓ ተረፍና። Eቶም ናብ ገልዓሎ ድኽዱ ብጾትና \nከምዘEለሉና፡ ገልዓሎ ኣዝዪ ሃሩር ዝኾነ ቦታ፡ ንመዓልቲ ክልተ ሰዓት EንዳተጓEዙ ከቢድ ስራሕ ይሰርሑ \nከምዝነበሩን ብዙሕ ግፍI ከምዝወረዶምን ይገልጹ። \n \n E ቶም ኣብ ዊዓ ዝነበርና ክልተ ጉጅለ’ውን ፈላልዮምና። ገሌና ኣብቲ መዓስከር ገሌና ከኣ ኣብ ቤት \nትምህርቲ ኣከቡና። ክንሸይን ይኹን ክንሰርህ ከለና ኩሉግዜ ብወተሃደራት ንሕሎ ነበርና። ኣብ ኣዝዩ ሃሩር \nዝኾነሉ ሰዓታት፡ ንኣስታት 3 ሰዓት ዝኽውን Eምኒ ንEክብ። Eቲ የEማን’ውን ኣብ ግዜ ቀትሪ ኣዝዩ Eዩ \nዝረስን። ነቲ ርሱን Eምኒ ኣብ መንኰብና ተሰኪምና ኣኪብና ጽርግያ ንሰርሕ ነበርና። ሓደ ለይቲ ብርቱE \nህቦብላ ዝተሓወሶ ማይ ሃሪሙ መEቀሊ ስለዘይነበረ ኣብ ዝባንና ተቐቢልናዮ ኣብ ጨፈቃ ድማ ሓዲርና። \nንንጉሁU ብዙሓት ሓሚምና። \n \n ድሕሪ ወርሒ ኣቢሉ፡ ዶክተር ወልደኣብ Iስሃቅ ኣብቲ ቦታ ኣኼባ ክገብር መጸ። ብተመሃሮ ሓያል \nሕቶታትን ርEይቶታትን ቀረበሉ። ይኹን Eምበር Eቶም ድሓቱ ድነበሩ ብጾትና፡ ብቪድዮ ካሜራ ይቅድሑ \nስለዝነበሩ፡ ድሕሪ ቁሩብ ግዜ ብለይቲ ኣተሲOም ካብ ጐድንና ወሰድዎም። Eቲ መሪር ናብራ ማEሰርቲ \nቀጸለ። ብEለት 8 መስከረም 2001፡ንኽልቲU ጉጅለ ኣብ ዊዓ ዝነበርና ብኮረኔል ገብርኤል ወልደስላሴ ኣኼባ \nተገበረልና። ሓይሊ ብዝመልO ምጉብEባEን ፈከራን “ ነቲ ንሃገርን ንህዝብን ዝጠቅም ጻውIት \nብምፍራስኩምን ብምEዳምኩምን ገበነኛታት Iኹም። ስለዚ ተጋጊና Iና Iልኩም Eቕሬታ ሕተቱ” በለና። \nብዛEባ መሰልካ ምሕታት ገበን ከምዘይኰነ፡ ሓደ ካባና ተሲU ተዛረቦ። ይኹን Eምበር ምፍርራህ ብምቅጻል፡ \n“ተጋጊና EንተዘይIልኩም ካብዚ ዝኽፍE ካልE መቅጻEቲ ክወሃበኩም Eዩ” ብምባል ኣፈራርሃና። ድሕርዚ \nንጽባሒቱ ንጉሆ ኣውቶብሳት ብምቅራብ ንመገዲ ዓሰብ ገጾም ወሰዱና። ኣብ መበል 2ይ ምዓልትና፡ Eዲ \nዝበሃል ቦታ በጻሕና። ካብU ቀጺልና ብEለት 11 መስከረም 2001 ፍርቂ መዓልቲ ይኽውን፡ ካብ Eዲ ናብቲ \nዝመጻናዮ ወገን መለሱና። ኣብ ፍርቂ መገዲ፡ ኣብ ዓርኮብኰባይ ዝበሃል ቦታ ኣውረዱና። ኣብU ብዙሓት \nወተሃደራት ይሕልውና ነበሩ። ከምቲ ዝተረዳEናዮ ኣብU ተጋጊና Iልና ይቕሬታ ክንሓትት ክሓቱና Eሞ \nነቶም ዝኣበና ክርሽኑና E ዩ ነይሩ። ካብU ሓደ ወረቃቕቲ ዝሓዘ፡ ምስU ኽኣ በትርን ብረትን ዝሓዙ \nወትሃደራት ንተመሃራይ በብሓደ E ንዳ ጸውU፡ ርሕቅ Iሎም ይሓትዎ ነበሩ። ንነብሲ ወከፍና “ኣነ \nንመንግስትን ንሃገርን ዝጠቅም፡ ብመንግስቲ ዝወጸ ኣዋጅ ብምፍራሰይ ቅኑE ወይ ጌጋ በል” ዝብል ወረቀት \nዝተጻሕፎ በብሓደ ተሓተትና። ኣየፍረስናን ብዛEባ መሰልና \nIና ሓቲትና Eንተልካ ከም ኣድመኛ ትቁጸር ዝብል ሓበሬታ ተጻሒፍዎ ነበረ። ኩሉ ተማሃራይ ተሓተተ። \nEቲ ዝገበርናዮ ቅኑE ምዃኑ ኩላህና ንፈልጥ ኔርና፡ ግና ብሓይልን ብምፍርራሕን ጌጋ E ዩ ንኽንብል \nኣገደዱና። E ቲ ዝደልይዎ ረኺቦም፡ ንሕና ግን ከሲርና። ብፍላይ ንይርጋ ዮሴፍን ንየማነ ተኪኤን \nስለዝኽፈልና። ክምU’ውን ብዙሓት ስለዝሓመሙናን ስለዝሰንከሉናን ስለዝተኣስሩናን። ድሕርዚ ሕቶOም \nምስወድU፡ ናብታ ዝነበርናያ ቦታ ዊዓ መለሱና። \n \nብድሕሪU ካብ Eለት 18 ስጋE 21 መስከረም 2001 ገለ ጉጅለ 15 ንኣመሓድራ መንግስቲ \nዝተቃወሙ ሰበ ስልጣናት ምስተኣሰሩን Eተን ዝነበራ ብሕቲ \nጋዜጣታት ምስተዓጸዋን Eቶም ጋዜጠኛታት ምስተኣሰሩን፡ ኣባና’ውን ከቢድ ሓለዋ ገበሩ። Eቲ ማEሰርትን \nመቅጻEትን ካብቲ ዝነበሮ ገደደ። ዋላ ውጽኣት ሓሚምካ’ውን ክትሸይን ፍቃድ ኣይወሃበካን ዝነበረ። ንጉሆን \nምሸትን ብወተሃደራት E ንዳተሓለኻ ንሽንቲ ትኽይድ። ኣብ ሓደ ገፊሕ ዳስ ጸሓይ E ንዳተወቃEና ምስ \nድዀነ ሰብ ከምደይንራኽብ ጌሮም ኣሰሩና። ብጸሓይ፣ ብሃሩር፣ ብሕማም ብዙሓት ተሃሰዩ። \nብEለት 19 መስከረም 2001, ድማ Eቲ ዝተጸለለ ናይ 2ይ ዓመት ተማሃራይ ስነ-ህይወት(Biology)፡ መርፍE \nወጊOም ናብቲ ናይ ወተሃደራት ክሊኒክ ወሰድዎ። ክሳብ ሕጂ ድማ ኣይሓወየን። \n \n ኣብ መወዳEታ፡ ሜጀር ጀነራል ገረዝጊሄር ዓንደማርያም (ውጩ) ኣኼባ ኣካየደልና። ከምዚ ዝስEብ \nድማ በለና “ንስኹም ከም ብኤይድስ ዝተለኽፈ ሰብ ብጉጀለ 15 ተለኺፍኩም Iኹም። ኣብ ልEሊ ህዝብን \nመንግስትን ዝበደልኩም ገበነኛታት Iኹም ። መንግስቲ ንጽቡቕኩም ስለ ዝሓስብ ዝበለኩም ሕራይ \nትብሉ። ብዝኾነ Eቲ ዝገበርኩምዎ ገበን ኣብ ርEስኹም ኰይኑ ክትከዱ Iኹም በለና”። ብለይቲ ኽኣ ንገለ \nገለ ብጾትና ኣተሲOም ወሰድዎም። ንሕና ግን ብጽባሒቱ ብEለት 7 ሕዳር 2001፡ ድሕሪ ዳርጋ ሰለስተ \nወርሒ ስቕያትን መከራን ካብ ዊዓ ንኣስመራ ተመለስና። ሞራልና ኣዝዩ ተተንኪፉ ዝነበረና ተስፋ ኩሉ \nበኒኑ። ከምU’ውን ኣብ ትሕቲ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ መጻI ናብራና ድቕድቕ ዝበለ ጸልማት ምዃኑ \nተረዲEና። ምዓስ ከምዝወግሕ ድማ EንድI!። \n \n \n \n \n ", "model": null, "signature": "7d5e749ae8220254a2acba9bdab86b8dc83f7ffa7c5588a0ed3edb418485a5c0", "categories": [ { "id": "prison-accounts", "title": "Prison accounts and interviews", "evidence": "ቤት ማEሰርቲ ዊዓ (ካብ Eሱራት ነበር ዝተላEክት) Wia Prison" }, { "id": "detention-torture", "title": "Detention and torture", "evidence": "ቤት ማEሰርቲ ዊዓ (ካብ Eሱራት ነበር ዝተላEክት) Wia Prison" } ], "source_categories": [ { "id": "source-07de1f0aaa0a5499c0b87e07", "title": "Testomony", "kind": "source-index", "source_id": "07de1f0aaa0a5499c0b87e07", "anchors": [ "Wia \n Prison" ] }, { "id": "source-4acc0cea5edf00574364a2c2", "title": "Testomony", "kind": "source-index", "source_id": "4acc0cea5edf00574364a2c2", "anchors": [ "Wia \n 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"title_review_required": false, "alternate_titles": [ "Eritrea: Reliable news, analysis & information by awate - Testimony of Mr. Mohammed Musa Ibrahim" ], "language": "en", "author": null, "byline": "EHRAG", "byline_role": "Source byline", "date": "Mar 17, 2004", "metadata_evidence": [ { "field": "credit", "value": "EHRAG", "source_excerpt": "Testimony of Mr. Mohammed Musa Ibrahim By EHRAG - Mar 17, 2004 My experience is not unique. The number of victim", "original_sha256": "63ac08a4db0a75b76919c928d9c648fd66a71cd89e3c63d40faba49b00cf5fd3" }, { "field": "date", "value": "Mar 17, 2004", "source_excerpt": "Testimony of Mr. Mohammed Musa Ibrahim By EHRAG - Mar 17, 2004 My experience is not unique. The number of victims of such human", "original_sha256": "63ac08a4db0a75b76919c928d9c648fd66a71cd89e3c63d40faba49b00cf5fd3" } ], "text": "Testimony of Mr. Mohammed Musa Ibrahim By EHRAG - Mar 17, 2004 My experience is not unique. The number of victims of such human rights abuse in Eritrea is countless and I hope my experience will be a voice for the voiceless by bringing it to the attention of Amnesty International and also hope this will help people to speak out. I am a British citizen of Eritrean origin. On November 29, 2002 I traveled to Eritrea to visit my family and country of origin. I was expected to return back to my family in England on 10/01/2003 [January 10th, 2003]. But I was stopped at Asmara Airport at the checkpoint by an immigration officer known by the name of Major Tamu-Ezgy [as reported.] After inquiring on my name, I was detained informally until everyone else at the check line was dealt with. As soon as the people at the check point were cleared the Major and his driver drove me to the GEZA-BERHANOO PRISON (KNOWN BY CARSHELLY) without uttering a word; I was handed to the guards at that prison who had no knowledge for themselves why I was detained. On January 11, 2003, a police Colonel came and I was interrogated, but the Colonel refused to answer my question when I asked why I was arrested? He said they do not discuss why people are detained. He continued interrogating me for more than 3 hours about my life history and asked me if I was a member of ELF at any time of my life; to which I replied; ?yes, I was a member in the past during the armed struggle but at this juncture of my life I do not belong to any political organization.? The following day, my jailers came back for the second round of interrogation and repeated asking me the same questions. Which ELF group I belonged and if I am still a member? I replied I do not belong to any political organization at this moment of my life. He mentioned names of political activists and asked me if I knew them; and from the list I knew only one person. My jailers alleged that I participated in several political meetings in London. I replied all the meetings I had attended were open to the public and have not commented or expressed any view either in support or against the gathering. On 13 January 2003, I was questioned for a third time; my jailer brought with him all the information obtained from the ERITREAN EMBASSY IN THE UK. And showed me the referendum signature I had made after independence in 1993. The interrogation continued in the same fashion repeating the same questions. Which organization do I support? Do I know anybody from the opposition? Etc. I repeatedly attempted to ask [my jailers] what I was accused of? But I never got an answer. All this time I was detained in an excluded cell with nobody to see or talk to. On the 18-01-03, I was moved to another cell with other 26 prisoners crammed in one dungeon. All this time I was never given any reason for my detention and have not been charged with any offence. This was the last time I saw my interrogator; as I know now, he is one of the 36 police officers arrested by the regime's security people currently. On June 2003, another Major police officer came to cross examine me and repeated the same questions that I had been asked by the last interrogator. I replied the same. On his second visit, the police officer questioned me if I paid tax to the Eritrean government, and whether I made any contributions to the Ethio-Eritrean recent war? To which I responded, that I did not. After questioning me why I did not pay any tax to the Eritrean government, I replied, I live and work in the UK and I pay my taxes to my adopted country. After six months of the ordeal, in mid-July 2003, the officer came with a written statement and ordered me to sign it. I protested why I continued to be detained without any reasons and what would happen to me if I was to sign the statement? However, I was in no position to refuse signing the statement. I asked my interrogator once again why I had been arrested and detained without trial for more than 6 months. He did not respond to my protestation and left affirming his job is done and the statement would now pass to the administrator. On 17/09/03, I was taken from the prison to the police HQ known by the name ?AGIP? where I was met by a Colonel and the Major who was dealing with my case. He firstly informed me that I would be freed, but he warned me that the Eritrean government would go to any extent, and it is ready to pay any price to subdue ?any undesirables?, as he called it. He repeated his intimidation, warning me to avoid associating myself with those trying to conspire to destablise the Eritrean government. His instruction was, ?it would be wise for me to associate with the pro-government elements and to visit the Eritrean embassy when I return to the UK.? Another point he made was why there was a need for a ?SAHO COMMUNITY? in the UK? My reply was, ?Even the Eritrean embassy had not objected to its existence and encouraged the community to form the center. The community center serves as a cultural center and nothing more.? In conclusion, he iterated that I was free to go to my family in the UK and I am free to enjoy myself in Eritrea. My jailer?s final remarks were a warning not to be foolish and get involved in any media or any propaganda propagation machineries against the Eritrean government and asked me if I had any questions. I replied, ?yes, I have, I have been arrested and imprisoned from the 10th of January 2003 to the 17th of September 2003 without being given any reasons for my arrest or been charged with any offence. And would they give me a written statement of my imprisonment?? He ignored my questions and told me I was free to leave. As soon as I was released I went to the British consulate in Asmara and met with the British consular, Lynn Taylor. Ms. Taylor informed me that since my detention, she personally had tried to find out from the Eritrean authorities for a formal notification of the detention and to formally charge me and bring me to trial or release me. But she came against a brick wall and did not receive any response. My wife put my case to the British Ambassador responsible for ETHIOPIA/ERITREA, in his last visit to the UK. The ambassador contacted the Eritrean representative, Mr. Girmay (AKA ?Santim?) in London who assured the British Ambassador he would respond to the inquiry the following day. The Ambassador, expecting a response, made an appointment for my wife for the next day. But the following day, when the British Ambassador called the Eritrean consulate to speak to Girmay Santim, despite several phone calls in the presence of my wife, the Eritrean representative was not available and they never got an answer. I was the only one to be released from that prison and I would say I was in a better position than others. The rest of the prisoners I have met were under detention without any investigation being undertaken for long periods of time, some of them for more than 4 years. As it is said that ?justice delayed is justice denied?, it is unfortunate that many people for various unknown reasons are still under detention without due process of law. Since my release, new waves of arrests have begun and some of the names who were detained are listed in the EHRAG (Eritrean Human Rights Advocacy Group) January 4, 2004 report. Also, the following persons whose names listed below were arrested recently and whose present whereabouts are unknown: NAME PLACE & DATE OF ARREST REASON FOR DETENTION Saleh Ali Sheik (civilian) Asmara Airport, 15/05/03 Accused of having connection with the opposition Sanet Romodan A. (wife of the above detainee) Asmara Airport, 15/05/03 Unknown Osman Ibrahim Bakhit (civilian) Afabet - 2003 Accused of having connection with the opposition Debessay Kidane (civilian) Keren - 2003 Unknown Berhe Tesfamariam (Head of Water Supply Department) Asmara - 2003 Unknown (asked for an exit visa to join his family in Europe) Hamid (journalist, Eritrean TV) Asmara - 2001 Unknown Mohammed Omer (civilian) Akordet - 2000 Accused of having connection with the opposition Kefiel Adem (civil servant) Akordet - 2000 Unknown Jaber Idris (business man) Asmara - 2002 Unknown Tedros Kidane (Lieutenant) Asmara - 2002 Unknown Ibrahim Ahmed (Police Security Officer) Asmara - 2002 Unknown Sedig M. Ahmed (Sudanese National) Asmara - 2003 Unknown Mohammed \"2nd name not known\", (Sudanese National) Asmara - 2003 Accused of an assassination attempt against the Eritrean president Musa Ali Mohammed Northern Territory, October 2003 Accused of having connection with the opposition Abdu Yasin Nuri Northern Territory, September 2003 Has been detained for unknown reason Kuri Galii (District Officer) Bimbila village, Kunama region, April 2003 Unknown Idris Bura (Officer) Higher Bimbila, Kunama region, April 2003 Unknown Musa Adamati (Chief Clerk) District Bibilna, April 2003 Unknown Tukku Aamin (Female, Civilian) Kolluku village, March 28, 2003 Unknown Dahba Bate (Female, civilian) Kolluku village, March 28, 2003 Unknown Alamin Badumme (civilian) Kolluku village, March 28, 2003 Unknown Abdu Saleh (ex-PFDJ member) Kolluku village, March 28, 2003 Unknown Andrea Galla (representative PFDJ regime in the village) Kolluku village, March 28, 2003 Unknown Magi Ashku (Local Administrator) Kolluku village, March 28, 2003 Unknown Suleiman Mohammed (civilian) Keren, 1994 Unknown CONCLUSION I don't think I would lose anything by telling the truth. My testimony is only what I have seen and experienced in Eritrea. The people are struggling to make ends meet and most families are surviving on just one meal a day. The people are left with no one to turn to. Now it became apparent to the whole world that the killing and abducting campaign against anyone suspected of opposing the regime has been taking place for a long time. As a result, most of the Eritrean people inside the country and in the neighbouring countries are frequently intimidated and live under constant fear. This regime usually keeps denying any knowledge of the abductions and killings committed by its hit squads. Most prisoners are kept in unknown detention centres and denied access to their families, without proper medications. Since my release, a new wave of arrests occurred, including about 36 police officers and chiefs of police departments. Among them were, Colonel Yemane F. (weddi-reggo), Colonel Hassen (Asmara Police Chief), Wedi Haleka who was in charge of the 6th police station in Asmara. The arrests also included the Chief of Godaif police station, Colonel Fiory. In light of my experience and ever worsening human rights violations and over all political situations in Eritrea, these violations are only a tiny proportion of the current human rights abuses committed in the country. And in the absence of international media and humanitarian agencies, the regime seems to get away with these crimes absolutely unchallenged. Therefore, I call upon you (Amnesty International) and other human rights organisations for the record to pay some attention to the Eritrean people, and their plight and suffering and the PFDJ regime. END//", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "cbe78b9cc702f3d3e3e60926", "source_sha256": "bfa9bccd10ed15f1b9a244051a951e96e34b646fd4c1788811a815439147e148", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-f6cfe03a29e40abd2f37fb18", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/0", "start": 5009, "end": 5066 }, "anchors": [ "source-top" ], "content": [ { "text": "Testimony of Mr. Mohammed Musa Ibrahim" } ] }, { "id": "b-5447d1c1c9ddce63c251b0ef", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/1/1/0", "start": 5935, "end": 5971 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "By EHRAG - Mar 17, 2004" } ] }, { "id": "b-76e6540ea85d7c510d6b3e87", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/1/0", "start": 6224, "end": 6677 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "My experience is not unique. The number of victims of such human rights abuse in Eritrea is countless and I hope my experience will be a voice for the voiceless by bringing it to the attention of Amnesty International and also hope this will help people to speak out.", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-3cad4af093242f35eee5a329", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/3/0", "start": 6704, "end": 6764 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I am a British citizen of Eritrean origin. On November 29, 2002 I traveled to Eritrea to visit my family and country of origin. I was expected to return back to my family in England on 10/01/2003 [January 10" }, { "text": "th", "marks": [ "sup" ] }, { "text": ", 2003]. But I was stopped at Asmara Airport at the checkpoint by an immigration officer known by the name of Major Tamu-Ezgy [as reported.] After inquiring on my name, I was detained informally until everyone else at the check line was dealt with. As soon as the people at the check point were cleared the Major and his driver drove me to the GEZA-BERHANOO PRISON (KNOWN BY CARSHELLY) without uttering a word; I was handed to the guards at that prison who had no knowledge for themselves why I was detained." } ] }, { "id": "b-d62bcd3faaad84d79cb9d4fa", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/5/0", "start": 7829, "end": 7893 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On January 11, 2003, a police Colonel came and I was interrogated, but the Colonel refused to answer my question when I asked why I was arrested? He said they do not discuss why people are detained. He continued interrogating me for more than 3 hours about my life history and asked me if I was a member of ELF at any time of my life; to which I replied; ?yes, I was a member in the past during the armed struggle but at this juncture of my life I do not belong to any political organization.?" } ] }, { "id": "b-54b5f7883f4db908c099334d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/7/0", "start": 8645, "end": 8802 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The following day, my jailers came back for the second round of interrogation and repeated asking me the same questions. Which ELF group I belonged and if I am still a member? I replied I do not belong to any political organization at this moment of my life." } ] }, { "id": "b-7c7749d0795a281c0fc84220", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/9/0", "start": 9101, "end": 9176 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He mentioned names of political activists and asked me if I knew them; and from the list I knew only one person. My jailers alleged that I participated in several political meetings in London. I replied all the meetings I had attended were open to the public and have not commented or expressed any view either in support or against the gathering." } ] }, { "id": "b-70ecc5f6386e5908256ead3a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/11/0", "start": 9732, "end": 9769 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On 13 January 2003, I was questioned for a third time; my jailer brought with him all the information obtained from the ERITREAN EMBASSY IN THE UK. And showed me the referendum signature I had made after independence in 1993. The interrogation continued in the same fashion repeating the same questions. Which organization do I support? Do I know anybody from the opposition? Etc. I repeatedly attempted to ask [my jailers] what I was accused of? But I never got an answer." } ] }, { "id": "b-a4a454ccbce77cfc26943e83", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/13/0", "start": 10682, "end": 10713 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "All this time I was detained in an excluded cell with nobody to see or talk to. On the 18-01-03, I was moved to another cell with other 26 prisoners crammed in one dungeon. All this time I was never given any reason for my detention and have not been charged with any offence. This was the last time I saw my interrogator; as I know now, he is one of the 36 police officers arrested by the regime's security people currently." } ] }, { "id": "b-4e381331bcd6a6f7a5580e9a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/15/0", "start": 11492, "end": 11633 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On June 2003, another Major police officer came to cross examine me and repeated the same questions that I had been asked by the last interrogator. I replied the same." } ] }, { "id": "b-5ddfc9f4dbcec0cb94708581", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/17/0", "start": 11790, "end": 11864 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On his second visit, the police officer questioned me if I paid tax to the Eritrean government, and whether I made any contributions to the Ethio-Eritrean recent war? To which I responded, that I did not. After questioning me why I did not pay any tax to the Eritrean government, I replied, I live and work in the UK and I pay my taxes to my adopted country." } ] }, { "id": "b-5297caefb05e69233af90bbc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/19/0", "start": 12448, "end": 12603 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "After six months of the ordeal, in mid-July 2003, the officer came with a written statement and ordered me to sign it. I protested why I continued to be detained without any reasons and what would happen to me if I was to sign the statement? However, I was in no position to refuse signing the statement. I asked my interrogator once again why I had been arrested and detained without trial for more than 6 months. He did not respond to my protestation and left affirming his job is done and the statement would now pass to the administrator." } ] }, { "id": "b-34821b9eb3cb0418707e6652", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/21/0", "start": 13359, "end": 13370 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On 17/09/03, I was taken from the prison to the police HQ known by the name ?AGIP? where I was met by a Colonel and the Major who was dealing with my case. He firstly informed me that I would be freed, but he warned me that the Eritrean government would go to any extent, and it is ready to pay any price to subdue ?any undesirables?, as he called it. He repeated his intimidation, warning me to avoid associating myself with those trying to conspire to destablise the Eritrean government. His instruction was, ?it would be wise for me to associate with the pro-government elements and to visit the Eritrean embassy when I return to the UK.?" } ] }, { "id": "b-13ae7524b8bac11e76d9d4db", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/23/0", "start": 14373, "end": 14490 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Another point he made was why there was a need for a ?SAHO COMMUNITY? in the UK? My reply was, ?Even the Eritrean embassy had not objected to its existence and encouraged the community to form the center. The community center serves as a cultural center and nothing more.?" } ] }, { "id": "b-e3d31875d7b2b7466eef6b43", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/25/0", "start": 14794, "end": 14843 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In conclusion, he iterated that I was free to go to my family in the UK and I am free to enjoy myself in Eritrea. My jailer?s final remarks were a warning not to be foolish and get involved in any media or any propaganda propagation machineries against the Eritrean government and asked me if I had any questions. I replied, ?yes, I have, I have been arrested and imprisoned from the 10" }, { "text": "th", "marks": [ "sup" ] }, { "text": " of January 2003 to the 17" }, { "text": "th", "marks": [ "sup" ] }, { "text": " of September 2003 without being given any reasons for my arrest or been charged with any offence. And would they give me a written statement of my imprisonment?? He ignored my questions and told me I was free to leave." } ] }, { "id": "b-4e6cde93edbcb4ae32db141a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/27/0", "start": 15962, "end": 15971 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As soon as I was released I went to the British consulate in Asmara and met with the British consular, Lynn Taylor. Ms. Taylor informed me that since my detention, she personally had tried to find out from the Eritrean authorities for a formal notification of the detention and to formally charge me and bring me to trial or release me. But she came against a brick wall and did not receive any response." } ] }, { "id": "b-f6bc6d25c3668cbd71fae611", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/29/0", "start": 16581, "end": 16726 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "My wife put my case to the British Ambassador responsible for ETHIOPIA/ERITREA, in his last visit to the UK. The ambassador contacted the Eritrean representative, Mr. Girmay (AKA ?Santim?) in London who assured the British Ambassador he would respond to the inquiry the following day. The Ambassador, expecting a response, made an appointment for my wife for the next day. But the following day, when the British Ambassador called the Eritrean consulate to speak to Girmay Santim, despite several phone calls in the presence of my wife, the Eritrean representative was not available and they never got an answer." } ] }, { "id": "b-c72aa1a55b6472ac49090ca7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/31/0", "start": 17492, "end": 17635 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I was the only one to be released from that prison and I would say I was in a better position than others. The rest of the prisoners I have met were under detention without any investigation being undertaken for long periods of time, some of them for more than 4 years." } ] }, { "id": "b-49485d8ef451880f7764ba33", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/33/0", "start": 17897, "end": 18125 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As it is said that ?justice delayed is justice denied?, it is unfortunate that many people for various unknown reasons are still under detention without due process of law. Since my release, new waves of arrests have begun and some of the names who were detained are listed in the " }, { "text": "EHRAG (Eritrean Human Rights Advocacy Group) January 4, 2004 report. ", "href": "http://www.awate.com/artman/publish/article_2888.shtml" }, { "text": " Also, the following persons whose names listed below were arrested recently and whose present whereabouts are unknown:" } ] }, { "id": "b-286c34a70fc82ed9b558663f", "type": "record-list", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37", "start": 18886, "end": 25622 }, "anchors": [], "caption": [], "records": [ { "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/1", "start": 18942, "end": 19167 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/1/1", "start": 18969, "end": 18988 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-65a931710fff6f0533315898", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/1/1/0", "start": 18973, "end": 18983 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "NAME", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/1/3", "start": 19012, "end": 19078 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-729bed8f246369a2a751b00a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/1/3/0", "start": 19016, "end": 19073 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "PLACE & DATE OF ARREST", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/1/5", "start": 19102, "end": 19162 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-008bf524d8d9abe9814a7d00", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/1/5/0", "start": 19106, "end": 19157 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "REASON FOR DETENTION", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/3", "start": 19189, "end": 19466 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/3/1", "start": 19216, "end": 19275 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-baa5b43d74d5f4786c70aa14", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/3/1/0", "start": 19220, "end": 19270 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Saleh Ali Sheik (civilian)" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/3/3", "start": 19299, "end": 19356 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-96b4f19d27e1800c39343918", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/3/3/0", "start": 19303, "end": 19351 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Asmara Airport, 15/05/03" } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/3/5", "start": 19380, "end": 19461 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-d5fe87144e69fe8c062f2856", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/3/5/0", "start": 19384, "end": 19456 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Accused of having connection with the opposition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/5", "start": 19488, "end": 19718 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/5/1", "start": 19515, "end": 19593 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-41446bb7a2923aad58b42628", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/5/1/0", "start": 19519, "end": 19588 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Sanet Romodan A. 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"anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Unknown" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/47", "start": 24890, "end": 25138 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/47/1", "start": 24917, "end": 25006 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-c1f81f01ec1ad4f5c0e4a10c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/47/1/0", "start": 24921, "end": 25001 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Andrea Galla (representative PFDJ regime in the village)" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/47/3", "start": 25030, "end": 25094 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-f24830b921b831c1596aacf2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/47/3/0", "start": 25034, "end": 25089 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Kolluku village, March 28, 2003" } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/47/5", "start": 25118, "end": 25133 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-09e9cf90b5eca59584d83df8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/47/5/0", "start": 25122, "end": 25128 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Unknown" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/49", "start": 25160, "end": 25384 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/49/1", "start": 25187, "end": 25252 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-67e2c102c3ee4621a8169df5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/49/1/0", "start": 25191, "end": 25247 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Magi Ashku (Local Administrator)" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/49/3", "start": 25276, "end": 25340 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-491e95d9d37983cbed80e3ba", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/49/3/0", "start": 25280, "end": 25335 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Kolluku village, March 28, 2003" } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/49/5", "start": 25364, "end": 25379 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-6f218bad0f5a693f2f796b23", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/49/5/0", "start": 25368, "end": 25374 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Unknown" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/51", "start": 25406, "end": 25606 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/51/1", "start": 25433, "end": 25494 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-b65090e985d9f97d802091ef", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/51/1/0", "start": 25437, "end": 25489 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Suleiman Mohammed (civilian)" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/51/3", "start": 25518, "end": 25562 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-7eb65e4e93f163719716d0a6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/51/3/0", "start": 25522, "end": 25557 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Keren, 1994" } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/51/5", "start": 25586, "end": 25601 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-c9f5bf90c9730ee4b774112c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/1/51/5/0", "start": 25590, "end": 25596 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Unknown" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-702a8b88e9930d7129a7c38d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/39/0", "start": 25645, "end": 25645 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "CONCLUSION", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-1397904fbd3ce9537bdf2268", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/41/0", "start": 25689, "end": 26492 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I don't think I would lose anything by telling the truth. My testimony is only what I have seen and experienced in Eritrea. The people are struggling to make ends meet and most families are surviving on just one meal a day. The people are left with no one to turn to. Now it became apparent to the whole world that the killing and abducting campaign against anyone suspected of opposing the regime has been taking place for a long time. As a result, most of the Eritrean people inside the country and in the neighbouring countries are frequently intimidated and live under constant fear." } ] }, { "id": "b-6168c5dbad9383b562ac8669", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/43/0", "start": 26519, "end": 26820 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "This regime usually keeps denying any knowledge of the abductions and killings committed by its hit squads. Most prisoners are kept in unknown detention centres and denied access to their families, without proper medications." } ] }, { "id": "b-7ef3aa5ff64754b4478dfb3f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/45/0", "start": 26847, "end": 27313 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Since my release, a new wave of arrests occurred, including about 36 police officers and chiefs of police departments. Among them were, Colonel Yemane F. (weddi-reggo), Colonel Hassen (Asmara Police Chief), Wedi Haleka who was in charge of the 6th police station in Asmara. The arrests also included the Chief of Godaif police station, Colonel Fiory." } ] }, { "id": "b-55ba44aa75073848439ec380", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/47/0", "start": 27340, "end": 28114 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In light of my experience and ever worsening human rights violations and over all political situations in Eritrea, these violations are only a tiny proportion of the current human rights abuses committed in the country. And in the absence of international media and humanitarian agencies, the regime seems to get away with these crimes absolutely unchallenged. 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Register Now . Updated 11:59 pm.EST, Wed November 18, 2009 RSS | E-newsletter - Preview : Daily | Weekly\nCP Contents\nHome World U.S. Church Ministries Missions Education Entertainment Society Life Business Opinion\n E-mail\n Print\n RSS Share \n Text \nWorld | Mon, Oct. 01 2007 10:25 AM EDT\nEritrean Christians Describe Anti-Faith Torture\nMethods\nBy Ethan Cole | Christian Post Reporter\nFor Paulus, an Eritrean refugee in northern Ethiopia, a helicopter is not only an aircraft people can spot\nabove in the sky, but also a form of torture where victims are forced to balance on their belly with hands\nand feet tied together and legs bent behind their back.\nAnd the evangelical Christian said he knows “the\nhelicopter” well because, he claims, he was tied in that\nposition for 136 hours in an effort to pressure him to\nrecant his faith.\n“They kept asking me to sign a document,” he told BBC\nNews in a report last week, “and agree to not participate\nin church activities or express my faith in any form. I was\ntold I would be untied and released the minute I agreed to\ntheir requests.”\nSitting in Shimelba refugee camp close to the border of\nEritrea, Paulus told of different torture techniques he endured in his homeland for being an evangelical\nChristian.\nHe is among a growing number of Eritrean Christians fleeing the country to escape religious persecution.\nInside Shimelba refugee camp where Paulus lives is the Ebenezer Evangelical Church where he and\nothers like him can worship freely without fear of persecution – unlike back home.\nEritrea, a small country in East Africa on the Red Sea, is one of the worst persecutors of Christians in\nthe world. The government is highly suspicious of newer Christian movements such as the Evangelical\nand Pentecostal churches and frequently harasses their followers. A harsh crackdown began five years\nago on all churches outside of the government-approved Orthodox, Catholic or Lutheran denominations\nThere are an estimated 2,000 Eritrean Christians under arrest without trial or legal charge for the sole\nreason of their religious beliefs, according to Compass Direct News, a Christian news agency that\nreports exclusively on persecution of Christians. Eritrean security forces raid weddings, baptism, worship\nservices, prayer meetings, and other religious gatherings and arrest both hosts and guests.\nCollege-educated “Samuel” (not his real name), 24, was arrested in 2005 along with 19 other people\nwhile attending a friend’s wedding ceremony. 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They asked every night for four months,” he told BBC\nNews.\nOther tortures faced by Christians include being held in metal shipping containers under the hot sun,\nbeatings, and deprivation of food.\nQuick Links: Pastors | CP Books | Shepherd Post |\nCareer | Health | Movie | Travel| Women | Worship |\nNon-profit | Technology\nRecent Videos Video Home »\nWEA and CCK meeting\nSEOUL, KOREA Nov,12,\n2009\nForgotten Sons\nCP Shopping Shopping Home>>\nAdvertisement\nMore World\nObama in China: 'Universal Rights' Should Be\nAvailable to All\nAmerica will always speak out for the core principles that\nhave served as the nation’s &ldq\nMethodist Leader Calls for Variety in Church\nPlanting\nThe general secretary of the Methodist Church of Great\nBritain has called for a greater variety i\nAdvertisement\n \nHot Topics : Islam | Persecution | Human Rights | Church State | Court Cases | more topics » Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free. 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"alternate_titles": [ "Carshelli: A Place of Abuse and Suffering" ], "language": "ti", "author": null, "byline": "Elsa Chyrum", "byline_role": "Submitted by", "date": "Jul 1, 2005, 09:31 PST", "metadata_evidence": [ { "field": "credit", "value": "Elsa Chyrum", "source_excerpt": "Carshelli: A Place of Abuse And Suffering By Submitted by Elsa Chyrum (translated by Awate) Jul 1, 2005, 09:31 PST This is Awate's uno", "original_sha256": "10f9ac2b6f3dc39fea393bbaf4b2fa14e7133cf20ae0a2eac8b662cc5cbb82ca" }, { "field": "date", "value": "Jul 1, 2005, 09:31 PST", "source_excerpt": " And Suffering By Submitted by Elsa Chyrum (translated by Awate) Jul 1, 2005, 09:31 PST This is Awate's unofficial translation of an undated letter writ", "original_sha256": "10f9ac2b6f3dc39fea393bbaf4b2fa14e7133cf20ae0a2eac8b662cc5cbb82ca" } ], "text": "Carshelli: A Place of Abuse And Suffering By Submitted by Elsa Chyrum (translated by Awate) Jul 1, 2005, 09:31 PST This is Awate's unofficial translation of an undated letter written in Tigrigna and provided by Elsa Chyrum, an Eritrean human rights activist in the United Kingdom on June 29, 2005. The notes in brackets [ ] are ours. The rest, including the information provided paranthetically, is as close to a literal translation as possible. All errors in translations are our responsibility. We hope our readers will heed the call of the writer and rise up to say \"Enough!\" to the brutality that our compatriots are suffering at the hands of PFDJ. - Awate Team Dear Eritreans: This message was relayed to me by people who have close knowledge of Carshelli [localized version of the Italian word for prison, Carcere. The main prison is simply thus known] Because I have found it noteworthy, I have decided to share it with websites so the people will be made aware. I will try to present the message as is. Elsa Chyrum London, UK 29 June 2005 Carshelli: A Place of Abuse and Suffering As many know, Carshelli is large prison found in the heart of the city of Asmara. It has been serving as prison since the time of Italian rule of Eritrea. All our forefathers who were imprisoned for the sake of their country had stayed at Carshelli before they were moved to Massawa, Nakura or Assab. Although one cannot speak with certainty, it can be estimated that the prison has been around for at least 100 years. Recalling the history of the jail does not bring about good memories. This is because it was used as a place to stifle the patriotic sentiments of our forefathers. Thus, the stain it [Carshaelli] left on the history of our people cannot be easily forgotten. This period, one which generates bitter memories, beginning with that of our forefathers who, during the Italian rule era, never returned from their jail stays in Carshelli to Massawa, Nakura and Assab, and ending with the Derg [former Ethiopian ruling regime] should be studied with great care and chronicled. And now should have been the time to do it. It is very saddening that this post-independence period continues to witness the imprisoning and suffering of Eritreans. What is ironic is that it would not be remarkable if the previous [foreign] rulers did not respect human rights: oppression and suppression is the trait of occupiers. Notwithstanding this, what is known in the history of the prison by all Eritreans is that, beginning with the Italian rule all the way to the Derg, [our] mothers, whose husbands and children were incarcerated, were able to visit the jails with meal boxes and bread baskets. It is also a widely-known fact that they were also able to pick up their [the prisoners'] dirty laundry and drop off fresh clothing. Even the Derg, which was notorious for its cruelty, did not have a single day of rule when it forbade visitation rights to the family members of the incarcerated. At this time, when the cities and the wilderness of Eritrea have been converted into prison, the bitter privation and brutality that Eritreans are going through is known not only by those at its receiving end but by the world at large. It has been several years since the regime of PFDJ or EPLF has been accused of, and criticized for, human rights violations. Although its suppressive and brutal behavior has resulted in its isolation from the world community, because it does not learn from its mistakes, it has amplified its arrest and infliction of pain [on the people.] Thus, it can be said that there are no people [anywhere] who are more humiliated, disgraced and dishonored than the Eritrean people. Let’s leave that issue for another time and day and turn our attention to the brutality, harm, and mistreatment at Carshelli. With multiple rooms or cameras but now overcrowded to the point where one cannot find moving or breathing space—the incarcerated being men and women; the elderly and the young; boys and girls; priests and monks; the civil and the military—this jail is a place of exploitation, brutality and pain. While present in the world, all Eritreans in this Carsheli jail can be counted as practically dead. Why? Because nobody knows they are there. They have no family or relatives to visit them. This brutality, which by no means can be endured by all, is practiced right at the center of Asmara, at Carsheli. It can be said that there is no one who does not know that the political prisoners at Carsheli, like other Eritreans who are enduring suffering in the hands of the cruel PFDJ, are going through this pain after being arrested but without receiving a verdict or a legal process. But there are brutalities that the people are not aware of. And that is this: in a manner reminiscent of the Gestapo’s torture practices in Germany and Europe, from 1:00 AM until dawn, the jail shakes with the screams of prisoners receiving severe beating. When one asks: what for? The answer is: the older prisoners are accused of being influenced by the arrested ministers [the G-15] and the young ones [members of the conscripted military] are accused of absence-without-leave. Because the arrested do not get adequate medical care and food, there are many for whom there is little expectation that they will come alive from the holes they are in. And the regime who, with its incessant bragging of “by my muscles! by my might! by my klashin!” has denied God His Glory cannot handle the criticism it receives from the people and continues to take insane and crazy steps. Because many of those who are receiving the beating find it hard to endure, it is doubtful that they will come out alive. It is estimated that there are around 1000 prisoners at Carsheli. To mention the names of a few of them: Major General Habtesion Hadgu [formerly the Commander of Eritrean Air Force]; Ermias Debessay [former Eritrean ambassador to China]; Colonel Solomon (Rashaida); the famous Division commander Bitweded [in jail since 1993]; the journalist Dawit Isaac (who has Swedish citizenship); Ne’amen Tekie; Said Abdulmenan (who has British citizenship); Pastor Gebremedhen Gebregiorghis; Dr Pastor Fitsum Gebrenegus; Dr Pastor Tekleab; Dr Kiflu; Pastor Tesfatsion Hagos; Hassen Kekia; Mengisteab Tekletsion; Father Tekleberhan Desalegn (from Debresina); Senait Debessay [sister of aforementioned Ermias Debessay]; Tesfay Geremariam (Adi Nefas); Ande Mehari (combatant)…. Well, at this time, it is not possible to talk and write about, in totality, the brutality that goes on at Carsheli. The people of Eritrea have been plunged to rule under a regime whose defining traits are its oppression and cruelty. Well then, those of you Eritreans who live in America, Europe as well as other continents should be able to, in a loud voice, speak on behalf of the humiliated and dishonored people to the international community. You should be able to say, “Enough with the brutality! Enough with pain! Enough with oppression! Enough toying with the power of the people! Enough of being above the law and galloping without restraint!” But if you don’t do this, your conscience shall nag you and history shall accuse you. Related Awate Reports Report on “Sidistegna” Prison (Interview with Semere Kesete) http://www.awate.com/cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi/12/74 Report on Adi Abeito Prison (report from Asmara by “Events Monitor”) http://www.awate.com/artman/publish/article_3747.shtml Testimonies of Mehari Yohannes & Mehari Abraham on The Executed http://www.awate.com/cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi/11/1090 The re-arrest of Major General Habtesion Hadgu http://www.awate.com/artman/publish/article_1849.shtml The re-arrest of Ermias Debessay and arrest of Senait Debessay http://www.awate.com/artman/publish/article_2628.shtml The arrest of Hassen Kekia http://www.awate.com/artman/publish/printer_1332.shtml", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "cdafcc08b821b1a18bb7a4f4", "source_sha256": "680b32d9a126c9ad421928dc53282f68d5f1715cb49e36a9e8fe44c097521b60", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-41a651df88df3604a21b2bc4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/11/1/1/1/0", "start": 6082, "end": 6142 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Carshelli: A Place of Abuse And Suffering \nBy Submitted by Elsa Chyrum (translated by Awate) \nJul 1, 2005, 09:31 PST" } ] }, { "id": "b-d4b9cae54e06747fbc28b985", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/13/0", "start": 6701, "end": 7407 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "This is Awate's unofficial translation of an undated letter written in Tigrigna and provided by Elsa Chyrum, an Eritrean human rights activist in the United Kingdom on June 29, 2005. The notes in brackets [ ] are ours. The rest, including the information provided paranthetically, is as close to a literal translation as possible. All errors in translations are our responsibility. We hope our readers will heed the call of the writer and rise up to say \"Enough!\" to the brutality that our compatriots are suffering at the hands of PFDJ. - Awate Team", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-7c6181403e3596ab4da6a3bb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/17", "start": 7463, "end": 7475 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Dear Eritreans:" } ] }, { "id": "b-ed5900fbcbe256e86e18c3b3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/22/0", "start": 7568, "end": 8023 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "This message was relayed to me by people who have close knowledge of Carshelli [localized version of the Italian word for prison, " }, { "text": "Carcere", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": ". The main prison is simply thus known] Because I have found it noteworthy, I have decided to share it with websites so the people will be made aware. I will try to present the message as is." } ] }, { "id": "b-32251bc4f8ac7cff459704b5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/26/0", "start": 8078, "end": 8114 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Elsa Chyrum" } ] }, { "id": "b-883e8228ebce8052cbd8b2c5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/28/0", "start": 8135, "end": 8153 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "London, UK" } ] }, { "id": "b-e4f1bc66f0266e4f949cf9cd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/30/0", "start": 8204, "end": 8241 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "29 June 2005" } ] }, { "id": "b-e896fca6315e40c072444436", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/36", "start": 8330, "end": 8342 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Carshelli: A Place of Abuse and Suffering" } ] }, { "id": "b-1ecba9c7459a26b4603b855f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/41/0", "start": 8461, "end": 9025 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As many know, Carshelli is large prison found in the heart of the city of Asmara. It has been serving as prison since the time of Italian rule of Eritrea. All our forefathers who were imprisoned for the sake of their country had stayed at Carshelli before they were moved to Massawa, Nakura or Assab. Although one cannot speak with certainty, it can be estimated that the prison has been around for at least 100 years." } ] }, { "id": "b-a93c6b2dfcecf2ebd47badf9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/45/0", "start": 9080, "end": 9092 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Recalling the history of the jail does not bring about good memories. This is because it was used as a place to stifle the patriotic sentiments of our forefathers. Thus, the stain it [Carshaelli] left on the history of our people cannot be easily forgotten." } ] }, { "id": "b-f3ca9e8b4d01b707bb0720c8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/49/0", "start": 9537, "end": 10171 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "This period, one which generates bitter memories, beginning with that of our forefathers who, during the Italian rule era, never returned from their jail stays in Carshelli to Massawa, Nakura and Assab, and ending with the Derg [former Ethiopian ruling regime] should be studied with great care and chronicled. And now should have been the time to do it. It is very saddening that this post-independence period continues to witness the imprisoning and suffering of Eritreans." } ] }, { "id": "b-0e261f40de2ad4d39a1f892e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/53/0", "start": 10226, "end": 11199 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "What is ironic is that it would not be remarkable if the previous [foreign] rulers did not respect human rights: oppression and suppression is the trait of occupiers. Notwithstanding this, what is known in the history of the prison by all Eritreans is that, beginning with the Italian rule all the way to the Derg, [our] mothers, whose husbands and children were incarcerated, were able to visit the jails with meal boxes and bread baskets. It is also a widely-known fact that they were also able to pick up their [the prisoners'] dirty laundry and drop off fresh clothing. Even the Derg, which was notorious for its cruelty, did not have a single day of rule when it forbade visitation rights to the family members of the incarcerated." } ] }, { "id": "b-d0cda957b1f5755a234cdc83", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/57/0", "start": 11254, "end": 12184 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "At this time, when the cities and the wilderness of Eritrea have been converted into prison, the bitter privation and brutality that Eritreans are going through is known not only by those at its receiving end but by the world at large. It has been several years since the regime of PFDJ or EPLF has been accused of, and criticized for, human rights violations. Although its suppressive and brutal behavior has resulted in its isolation from the world community, because it does not learn from its mistakes, it has amplified its arrest and infliction of pain [on the people.] Thus, it can be said that there are no people [anywhere] who are more humiliated, disgraced and dishonored than the Eritrean people." } ] }, { "id": "b-94c73a8e22ba8461520f3560", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/61/0", "start": 12239, "end": 13255 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Let’s leave that issue for another time and day and turn our attention to the brutality, harm, and mistreatment at Carshelli. With multiple rooms or cameras but now overcrowded to the point where one cannot find moving or breathing space—the incarcerated being men and women; the elderly and the young; boys and girls; priests and monks; the civil and the military—this jail is a place of exploitation, brutality and pain. While present in the world, all Eritreans in this Carsheli jail can be counted as practically dead. Why? Because nobody knows they are there. They have no family or relatives to visit them. This brutality, which by no means can be endured by all, is practiced right at the center of Asmara, at Carsheli." } ] }, { "id": "b-617c0509d121cb04bdb5576b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/65/0", "start": 13310, "end": 14280 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "It can be said that there is no one who does not know that the political prisoners at Carsheli, like other Eritreans who are enduring suffering in the hands of the cruel PFDJ, are going through this pain after being arrested but without receiving a verdict or a legal process. But there are brutalities that the people are not aware of. And that is this: in a manner reminiscent of the Gestapo’s torture practices in Germany and Europe, from 1:00 AM until dawn, the jail shakes with the screams of prisoners receiving severe beating. When one asks: what for? The answer is: the older prisoners are accused of being influenced by the arrested ministers [the G-15] and the young ones [members of the conscripted military] are accused of absence-without-leave." } ] }, { "id": "b-8a3d4ad5af7c490c68951e5d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/69/0", "start": 14335, "end": 15006 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Because the arrested do not get adequate medical care and food, there are many for whom there is little expectation that they will come alive from the holes they are in. And the regime who, with its incessant bragging of “by my muscles! by my might! by my klashin!” has denied God His Glory cannot handle the criticism it receives from the people and continues to take insane and crazy steps. Because many of those who are receiving the beating find it hard to endure, it is doubtful that they will come out alive." } ] }, { "id": "b-a0113d077ba88a717c102ecb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/73/0", "start": 15061, "end": 16150 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "It is estimated that there are around 1000 prisoners at Carsheli. To mention the names of a few of them: " }, { "text": "Major General Habtesion Hadgu", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " [formerly the Commander of Eritrean Air Force]; " }, { "text": "Ermias Debessay", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " [former Eritrean ambassador to China]; " }, { "text": "Colonel Solomon (Rashaida)", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; the famous Division commander " }, { "text": "Bitweded [in jail since 1993]", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; the journalist " }, { "text": "Dawit Isaac", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " (who has Swedish citizenship); " }, { "text": "Ne’amen Tekie", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "; " }, { "text": "Said Abdulmenan", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " (who has British citizenship); " }, { "text": "Pastor Gebremedhen Gebregiorghis; Dr Pastor Fitsum Gebrenegus; Dr Pastor Tekleab; Dr Kiflu; Pastor Tesfatsion Hagos; Hassen Kekia; Mengisteab Tekletsion; Father Tekleberhan Desalegn (from Debresina); Senait Debessay", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " [sister of aforementioned Ermias Debessay]; " }, { "text": "Tesfay Geremariam (Adi Nefas); Ande Mehari", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " (combatant)…." } ] }, { "id": "b-62d31e6787ac35902644f168", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/4/1/1/5/1/1/1/1/77/0", "start": 16205, "end": 17238 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Well, at this time, it is not possible to talk and write about, in totality, the brutality that goes on at Carsheli. The people of Eritrea have been plunged to rule under a regime whose defining traits are its oppression and cruelty. Well then, those of you Eritreans who live in America, Europe as well as other continents should be able to, in a loud voice, speak on behalf of the humiliated and dishonored people to the international community. You should be able to say, “Enough with the brutality! Enough with pain! Enough with oppression! Enough toying with the power of the people! 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"preserved-source-title" }, "editorial_title": false, "title_review_required": false, "alternate_titles": [ "To some Eritreans, freedom means prison and torture -\n\t\t\t\tAfrica, World - The Independent" ], "language": "en", "author": "Jonah Fisher in Asmara", "byline": "Jonah Fisher in Asmara", "byline_role": "Author", "date": "Monday, 24 May 2004", "metadata_evidence": [ { "field": "credit", "value": "Jonah Fisher in Asmara", "source_excerpt": "on Sunday To some Eritreans, freedom means prison and torture By Jonah Fisher in Asmara Monday, 24 May 2004 \"Independence is like being in a very bright", "original_sha256": "f694450d5b7e696c24c3adb4cf38afedc53ca9a408e6551a849cbc476c5bb325" }, { "field": "date", "value": "Monday, 24 May 2004", "source_excerpt": "eans, freedom means prison and torture By Jonah Fisher in Asmara Monday, 24 May 2004 \"Independence is like being in a very bright, shiny and happy pl", "original_sha256": "f694450d5b7e696c24c3adb4cf38afedc53ca9a408e6551a849cbc476c5bb325" } ], "text": "[External image reference] [External image reference] from The Independent & The Independent on Sunday To some Eritreans, freedom means prison and torture By Jonah Fisher in Asmara Monday, 24 May 2004 \"Independence is like being in a very bright, shiny and happy place,\" Asefash Berhe said as she walks down Liberation Avenue with three of her seven children. \"I can't express how happy I am.\" Officially independent for just 11 years, Eritrea is Africa's youngest country and, for Mrs Berhe's generation, memories of the 30-year liberation war against Ethiopia are still fresh. \"Independence is like being in a very bright, shiny and happy place,\" Asefash Berhe said as she walks down Liberation Avenue with three of her seven children. \"I can't express how happy I am.\" Officially independent for just 11 years, Eritrea is Africa's youngest country and, for Mrs Berhe's generation, memories of the 30-year liberation war against Ethiopia are still fresh. But a report from Amnesty International claims: \"Torture, arbitrary detention, disappearances and ill-treatment of political prisoners have become entrenched,\" adding that in the past year there had been \"an upsurge of religious persecution\". The government officially sanctions only four religions. Self-government has bought mixed fortunes for the Red Sea state. Early optimism and prosperity were followed five years later by another war with Ethiopia, recurrent drought, and a clamp on political freedom. In preparation for independence day, Liberation Avenue, the palm-lined boulevard that forms the backbone of the capital, has been pedestrianised and decorated with thousands of lights and flags. Celebrating Asmara-style means strolling up and down the main road, chatting with friends in a coffee house, or dancing outside to the beat of a traditional band. \"A lot has been done since independence in terms of the rebuilding of the nation.\" Yemane Kidane, a civil servant says over a macchiato. \"I'm thinking of buildings, roads and distribution of electricity to rural areas. A lot of things have been accomplished and I'm proud of them.\" The official birth of Eritrea on 24 May, 1993 followed a vote by 99.81 percent of the 3.3 million population for independence from Ethiopia in a referendum, and the early years went well. The economy grew steadily and the Marxist liberation fighters turned into politicians who appeared to a have a genuine commitment to forming a constitution and introducing democracy. Private newspapers flourished and with corruption almost non-existent President Issayas Afewerki was lauded as one of a new generation of African leaders alongside Uganda's Yoweri Museveni and Ethiopia's Meles Zenawi. In 1998, a two-year border conflict, again with Ethiopia, shattered the heady optimism. A dispute over the dusty village of Badme left 70,000 dead and transformed Eritrea's political landscape. Plans for a constitution were frozen and democracy postponed. Eleven senior politicians who signed a critical letter to the President were detained in September 2001 with 10 senior journalists who ran the now-banned private press. The President says these detainees are \"traitors\",\"spies\" and agents of Ethiopia. None of them have faced trial. With the tightening of political control came restrictions on personal freedom. The 18-month national service has for many become open-ended, with exit visas needed for a young Eritrean to leave the country. Amnesty International's latest report, called Eritrea:You have no right to ask, says human rights violations are now \"on a massive scale\", with the use of torture systematic. Over 47 pages, it documents and illustrates arbitrary detentions and religious persecution and provides detailed descriptions of torture it says is being committed. Amnesty interviewed former detainees who said the most common form of torture, mainly used by the army on conscripts, is \"the helicopter\". The victim has hands and feet tied behind their back and is stripped and left exposed to the elements for days. One detainee is said to have endured this for 55 days. Prison conditions for political prisoners are said to be \"extremely harsh\", with inmates often in shipping containers. Cells are said to be overcrowded damp and dirty, and many prisoners are said to have died in custody as a result of torture or lack of medical treatment. Amnesty says no information is provided to the families of political prisoners about their health or whereabouts. With no independent press, information in Eritrea is tightly controlled. In July, 2003, Aklilu Solomon, the correspondent of Voice of America radio was arrested days after one of his radio report's differed from the official government view. Eritrea says he was detained because he'd failed to fulfil his national service obligations. Minority Christian groups are denied registration and permission to practise freely. Amnesty says these minority church groups have tried to worship in private and been arrested, beaten and tortured in military detention centres. Jehovah's Witnesses are denied citizenship in Eritrea because they refused to vote in the referendum and refuse to do military service. Amnesty says three Jehovah's witnesses have been detained incommunicado for the past 10 years. The Eritrean government are used to damning human rights reports and dismisses them as unsubstantiated rumour. \"Great progress has been made in establishing a just and democratic order in Eritrea,\" Yemane Gebreab, head of political affairs at the ruling party the People's Front for Democracy and Justice said. \"I think Eritrea has done very well.\"", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "d169709760c13fd778905e8f", "source_sha256": "56fca7c0fe9d8fd023199c051fe74bd48d043a19adc53b04ccc7e37611e289c6", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-1e7c1c41e4406f3bf6bc52fd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0", "start": 0, "end": 335 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "[External image reference]", "href": "http://a.independent.co.uk/HG?hc=we89&cd=1&hv=6&ce=u&hb=DM560629F5MB84EN3&n=article564492&vcon=/news/world/africa/&seg=&cmp=&gp=&fnl=&pec=&dcmp=&ra=&gn=&cv=&ld=&la=&c1=&c2=&c3=&c4=" }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "[External image reference]", "href": "http://indepdev.122.2o7.net/b/ss/indepdev/1/H.19.3--NS/0?[AQB]&cdp=3&[AQE]&pageName=news/world/africa/article564492" } ] }, { "id": "b-d054cfe02be6a9f507e68c2a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/1/0", "start": 703, "end": 754 }, "anchors": [ "source-root", "source-navigation" ], "content": [ { "text": "from The Independent & The Independent on Sunday" } ] }, { "id": "b-d29e957ac70f2f1ea62aed3c", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/5/5/1/1/1", "start": 908, "end": 967 }, "anchors": [ "source-content", "source-mainColumn", "source-article", "source-breadcrumbs" ], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "To some Eritreans, freedom means prison and torture" } ] }, { "id": "b-b12f2a91c71533af9804fab9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/5/1/1/3/0", "start": 973, "end": 1016 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "By Jonah Fisher in Asmara" } ] }, { "id": "b-27cb92928bb7dec1a1b6591b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/5/1/1/5/1/0", "start": 1055, "end": 1082 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Monday, 24 May 2004", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-7d4eca3bc857b5182d916a9d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/5/1/1/7/1/0", "start": 1121, "end": 1498 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"Independence is like being in a very bright, shiny and happy place,\" Asefash Berhe said as she walks down Liberation Avenue with three of her seven children. \"I can't express how happy I am.\" Officially independent for just 11 years, Eritrea is Africa's youngest country and, for Mrs Berhe's generation, memories of the 30-year liberation war against Ethiopia are still fresh." } ] }, { "id": "b-8942b5143dabdb6ebbd4cc22", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/5/1/1/7/3/0", "start": 1510, "end": 1886 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"Independence is like being in a very bright, shiny and happy place,\" Asefash Berhe said as she walks down Liberation Avenue with three of her seven children. \"I can't express how happy I am.\" Officially independent for just 11 years, Eritrea is Africa's youngest country and, for Mrs Berhe's generation, memories of the 30-year liberation war against Ethiopia are still fresh." } ] }, { "id": "b-7c3fe2967fe8970a42789b45", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/5/1/1/7/5/0", "start": 1899, "end": 2197 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "But a report from Amnesty International claims: \"Torture, arbitrary detention, disappearances and ill-treatment of political prisoners have become entrenched,\" adding that in the past year there had been \"an upsurge of religious persecution\". The government officially sanctions only four religions." } ] }, { "id": "b-6b130e777181f5975979a693", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/5/1/1/7/6/0", "start": 2205, "end": 2412 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Self-government has bought mixed fortunes for the Red Sea state. Early optimism and prosperity were followed five years later by another war with Ethiopia, recurrent drought, and a clamp on political freedom." } ] }, { "id": "b-c4af9c6ed9926164994a300d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/5/1/1/7/7/0", "start": 2420, "end": 2776 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In preparation for independence day, Liberation Avenue, the palm-lined boulevard that forms the backbone of the capital, has been pedestrianised and decorated with thousands of lights and flags. Celebrating Asmara-style means strolling up and down the main road, chatting with friends in a coffee house, or dancing outside to the beat of a traditional band." } ] }, { "id": "b-b207a919d1e048963a9ed86e", "type": "quotation", "source": { "path": "/5/5/1/1/7/8/0", "start": 2784, "end": 2909 }, "anchors": [], "blocks": [ { "id": "b-1898d291a9cce1a7f3f676e1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/5/1/1/7/8/0", "start": 2784, "end": 2909 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"A lot has been done since independence in terms of the rebuilding of the nation.\" Yemane Kidane, a civil servant says over a " }, { "text": "macchiato", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": ". \"I'm thinking of buildings, roads and distribution of electricity to rural areas. A lot of things have been accomplished and I'm proud of them.\"" } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-caeb93f498815fae60ceefbd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/5/1/1/7/9/0", "start": 3079, "end": 3265 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The official birth of Eritrea on 24 May, 1993 followed a vote by 99.81 percent of the 3.3 million population for independence from Ethiopia in a referendum, and the early years went well." } ] }, { "id": "b-06e3b80f8b05196da75faf3d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/5/1/1/7/10/0", "start": 3273, "end": 3672 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The economy grew steadily and the Marxist liberation fighters turned into politicians who appeared to a have a genuine commitment to forming a constitution and introducing democracy. Private newspapers flourished and with corruption almost non-existent President Issayas Afewerki was lauded as one of a new generation of African leaders alongside Uganda's Yoweri Museveni and Ethiopia's Meles Zenawi." } ] }, { "id": "b-f1778585c16d97626b2e1d4c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/5/1/1/7/11/0", "start": 3680, "end": 3934 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In 1998, a two-year border conflict, again with Ethiopia, shattered the heady optimism. A dispute over the dusty village of Badme left 70,000 dead and transformed Eritrea's political landscape. Plans for a constitution were frozen and democracy postponed." } ] }, { "id": "b-535be517c5c872fa9c6df554", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/5/1/1/7/12/0", "start": 3942, "end": 4222 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Eleven senior politicians who signed a critical letter to the President were detained in September 2001 with 10 senior journalists who ran the now-banned private press. The President says these detainees are \"traitors\",\"spies\" and agents of Ethiopia. None of them have faced trial." } ] }, { "id": "b-1dcdd343ce709f6841aae2fe", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/5/1/1/7/13/0", "start": 4230, "end": 4436 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "With the tightening of political control came restrictions on personal freedom. The 18-month national service has for many become open-ended, with exit visas needed for a young Eritrean to leave the country." } ] }, { "id": "b-1484b7b5fb6f5a0b0c0b1e97", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/5/1/1/7/14/0", "start": 4444, "end": 4489 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Amnesty International's latest report, called " }, { "text": "Eritrea:You have no right to ask", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": ", says human rights violations are now \"on a massive scale\", with the use of torture systematic. Over 47 pages, it documents and illustrates arbitrary detentions and religious persecution and provides detailed descriptions of torture it says is being committed." } ] }, { "id": "b-728a500578660402e2c54727", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/5/1/1/7/15/0", "start": 4797, "end": 5101 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Amnesty interviewed former detainees who said the most common form of torture, mainly used by the army on conscripts, is \"the helicopter\". The victim has hands and feet tied behind their back and is stripped and left exposed to the elements for days. One detainee is said to have endured this for 55 days." } ] }, { "id": "b-ec301847e92df672e6e80603", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/5/1/1/7/16/0", "start": 5109, "end": 5494 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Prison conditions for political prisoners are said to be \"extremely harsh\", with inmates often in shipping containers. Cells are said to be overcrowded damp and dirty, and many prisoners are said to have died in custody as a result of torture or lack of medical treatment. Amnesty says no information is provided to the families of political prisoners about their health or whereabouts." } ] }, { "id": "b-6a1b53b9f651d0f8715c6ef3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/5/1/1/7/17/0", "start": 5502, "end": 5835 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "With no independent press, information in Eritrea is tightly controlled. In July, 2003, Aklilu Solomon, the correspondent of Voice of America radio was arrested days after one of his radio report's differed from the official government view. 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Currently, according to ICC, there are more than 3,000 Christians imprisoned in Eritrea for practicing their faith. The leaked document, said the ICC statement, confirms years of ICC reports about the inhumane conditions of prisoners in Eritrea. \"Prisoners were fed two pieces of bread three times a day. A bucket in the middle of the room served as a toilet between escorted bathroom breaks, but it constantly spilled and contaminated the room with urine and feces. Many prisoners could not talk due to the lack of water, their tongues stuck to the roofs of their mouth from thirst,\" a former prisoner told the United States embassy officials in Eritrea, according to the Wikileaks report. He and another 600 prisoners were kept in a 40 by 38 foot cell. “It was not possible to lie down and barely possible to sit,” he said. His cellmates were “Eritreans who tried to flee the country, military deserters, common criminals, and Protestants (presumably of unregistered denominations).” The prisoner said he heard “the screams of people being tortured” and saw Eritrean security officials “bringing back badly bruised and bleeding detainees to the holding room.” He witnessed Eritrean security officials “beating a man with a rubber hose on his bare feet.” In another instance, he observed “a man sitting with his arms tied and raised behind his back. His feet were tied together and a wooden pole was placed beneath his knees.” For the full Wikileaks report on the prisoners, see :(http://www.wikileaks.ch/cable/2008/11/08ASMARA546.html). Many of the imprisoned Christians are members of evangelical churches. Most of them are kept in underground dungeons, metal shipping containers and military barracks. Several have died in prison due to the torture and inhumane conditions. “The Wikileaks report sheds light on the plight of prisoners in Eritrea. It’s unconscionable for Eritrea to mistreat its own citizens in such horrible ways for peacefully exercising their religious freedom. We urge Eritrea to end such inhumane acts,” said Jonathan Racho, ICC’s Regional Manager for Africa. Source: Spero News For the full Wikileaks report on the prisoners, please look below: Viewing cable 08ASMARA546, ARREST, INTERROGATION, AND TORTURE OF SS E C R E T ASMARA 000546 NOFORN SIPDIS DEPARTMENT FOR DS/IP/AF, DS/TIA/ITA, DS/ICI/CI, DS/IP/SPC/SO, DS/OPO/FLD, INR, AF/E, DRL, LONDON AND PARIS FOR AFRICA WATCHERS E.O. 12958: DECL: 11/06/2028 TAGS: ASEC ER PGOV PREL PHUM KIRF SUBJECT: ARREST, INTERROGATION, AND TORTURE OF XXXXXXXXXXXX REF: ASMARA 509 Classified By: Ambassador Ronald K. McMullen for Reason 1.4 (d) ¶1. (S/NF) SUMMARY: On XXXXXXXXXXXX was released after five months in jail. XXXXXXXXXXXX emotionally recounted his experience to the RSO, including his interrogation, deplorable prison conditions, beatings, and witnessing the torture of other prisoners being held at the XXXXXXXXXXXX facility. XXXXXXXXXXXX kept a prison diary and gave different, but similar, versions to the RSO and XXXXXXXXXXXX. END SUMMARY. ARREST ------ 2 (S/NF) XXXXXXXXXXXX was assigned as a guard at the XXXXXXXXXXXX. On XXXXXXXXXXXX, police came to his residence around 6:00 a.m. and demanded to see his demobilization card. Such intrusions are common in May during the run-up to Independence Day, as the government increases security and also rounds up national service evaders. The demobilization card is proof that an Eritrean has completed national service, and in theory, not subject to call-up or arrest for service evasion. As XXXXXXXXXXXX was pulling out his demobilization card, the officials spotted his XXXXXXXXXXXX ID and noted his Ethiopian last name. XXXXXXXXXXXX told RSO he does not think the officials came to his house because he worked for the XXXXXXXXXXXX, but were looking for suspicious persons and arrested him after seeing his XXXXXXXXXXXX and last name. XXXXXXXXXXXX ¶3. (S/NF) Police questioned XXXXXXXXXXXX at a downtown police station for about four hours. They asked about his job XXXXXXXXXXX, his father's last name, how many XXXXXXXXXXXX, and how long he had worked there. Later that day, XXXXXXXXXXX was taken to the XXXXXXXXXXXX located XXXXXXXXXXXX.. DETENTION AND INTERROGATION --------------------------- ¶4. (S/NF) XXXXXXXXXXXX was placed in a cell approximately 40 feet x 38 feet with about 600 other prisoners. He stated the conditions were so cramped, it was not possible to lie down and barely possible to sit. He was held there for one month before being interrogated. He was interrogated on two separate occasions by members of the Eritrean National Security Organization (ENSO), including one nicknamed XXXXXXXXXXXX On both occasions the interrogator beat him. The interrogator asked him the following questions: ¶A. What was his job title and responsibilities. ¶B. Did he perform any other duties XXXXXXXXXXXX , and why does he work there. ¶C. Which XXXXXXXXXXXX were spying for XXXXXXXXXXXX ¶D. XXXXXXXXXXX ¶E. What were the religions of XXXXXXXXXXX. ¶F. What activities occur at the XXXXXXXXXXXX, is it being used as a warehouse, and what is stored there. ¶G. Who is the XXXXXXXXXXXX, what is his job, what activities does he do at XXXXXXXXXXX, who does he meet with, and what parts of Asmara does he frequent. ¶H. They asked about, XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX stated the ENSO personnel called him a \"spy XXXXXXXXXXXX during his interrogations. They stated they knew \"everything that happens in the XXXXXXXXXXXX and that if he lied to them they would know XXXXXXXXXXXX stated he was simply a guard at XXXXXXXXXXXX. He stated his job was to provide security XXXXXXXXXXXX The interrogator XXXXXXXXXXXX later told XXXXXXXXXXXX he must come at least once a week to XXXXXXXXXXXX office in Asmara and report all activities he observes at XXXXXXXXXXXX. XXXXXXXXXXXX. PRISON CONDITIONS ----------------- ¶5. (S/NF) After the two interrogations, XXXXXXXXXXXX wasnot questioned again, but returned to the crowded holding room. Prisoners were fed 2 pieces of bread three times a day and allowed to use the toilet twice a day. A bucket in the middle of the room served as a toilet between escorted bathroom breaks, but it constantly spilled and contaminated the room with urine and feces. Many prisoners could not talk due to the lack of water, their tongues stuck to the roofs of their mouths from thirst. XXXXXXXXXXXX said prisoners believed ENSO had placed informers in the prison cell to gain additional information. Family members and friends are allowed to bring food to prisoners. One of XXXXXXXXXXXX friends smuggled in a notebook and pen with a tray of food, and he chronicled his experience in two versions, one for the RSO and another for the Ambassador. XXXXXXXXXXXX smuggled the diaries out also using the food trays. WITNESS TO TORTURE ------------------ ¶6. (S/NF) The ENSO personnel regularly tortured prisoners imprisoned with XXXXXXXXXXXX. His cellmates were Eritreans who tried to flee the country, military deserters, common criminals, and Protestants (presumably of unregistered denominations). XXXXXXXXXXXX stated they could hear the screams of people being tortured and he witnessed ENSO staff bringing back badly bruised and bleeding detainees to the holding room. On one occasion, XXXXXXXXXXXX observed ENSO officials beating a man with a rubber hose on his bare feet. Another time, when XXXXXXXXXXXX was allowed out to use the bathroom, he passed a shipping container and saw a man sitting with his arms tied and raised behind his back. His feetwere tied together and a wooden pole was placed beneath his knees. He saw head with a rubber hose and wooden sticks. XXXXXXXXXXXX said ENSO later moved the container to a more remote part of the Camp where other prisoners could not observe the torture. CHILDREN NOT SPARED ------------------- ¶7. (S/NF) XXXXXXXXXXXX said that for a few days, approximately 35 boys, aged 8-13, were confined with him. Asked why they were arrested, the boys said they had crossed into Ethiopia, but Ethiopian soldiers caught them, and, after feeding them and giving them new clothes, sent them back to Eritrea, telling them they were too young to cross by themselves. Upon returning to Eritrea, the boys were arrested and taken to XXXXXXXXXXXX, and later to another prison in XXXXXXXXXXXX. XXXXXXXXXXXXsaid ENSO personnel also beat the boys And told the adult prisoners not to talk to the boys or to each other about why they were in prison or about their beatings. RELEASED AFTER FIVE MONTHS -------------------------- ¶8. (S/NF) XXXXXXXXXXXX was angry and nearly broke into tears a number of times. He said although the physical abuse and deprivations took a toll on his body, it was the psychological abuse of being packed in with so many other people, of not knowing when the next beatings would come, and believing he could be killed, that was the most damaging. XXXXXXXXXXXX has probably been more candid about his experience than other XXXXXXXXXXXX who were incarcerated (reftel). ¶9. (S/NF) , XXXXXXXXXXXX was freed, with no explanation for his release or detention. ENSO personnel warned him they would kill him if he told anyone. XXXXXXXXXXXX of his detention and treatment. The ENSO personnel refused to return his XXXXXXXXXXXX or his demobilization card. XXXXXXXXXXXX believes, XXXXXXXXXXXX, his arrest occurred because the ENSO official saw XXXXXXXXXXXX and noticed his father's Ethiopian last name. XXXXXXXXXXXX MCMULLEN", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "dec672557bdad1af037a7194", "source_sha256": "2ad3cfd86364e54da8c1d07465531c4125fcdb2dfc49e6228ad694a7eb2c3255", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-d6e564f8299675f79f274940", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/0/1", "start": 8, "end": 80 }, "anchors": [], "level": 3, "content": [ { "text": "Viewing cable 08ASMARA546, ARREST, INTERROGATION, AND TORTURE OF" } ] }, { "id": "b-335d2751c5e743a261e53bad", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/3/0", "start": 87, "end": 140 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "http://www.wikileaks.ch/cable/2008/11/08ASMARA546.html" } ] }, { "id": "b-d633ddd1019c1e5564708c72", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/5/0", "start": 151, "end": 254 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "http://asmarino.com/news/892-eritrea-wikileaks-reveals-systematic-human-rights-abuses-against-christians" } ] }, { "id": "b-40a2ac1674a13db92d0f08e2", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/0/7/1", "start": 272, "end": 536 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "Eritrea: WikiLeaks reveals systematic human rights abuses against Christians", "href": "http://asmarino.com/news/892-eritrea-wikileaks-reveals-systematic-human-rights-abuses-against-christians" } ] }, { "id": "b-a7c547c3567c8afb455807a7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/3/1/1/0", "start": 573, "end": 629 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Friday, 21 January 2011 00:56 Speroforum" } ] }, { "id": "b-6982e8368d2412978b6798c4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/1/0", "start": 1445, "end": 1740 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "According to a press release, International Christian Concern (ICC) has learned that a US embassy cable published by Wikileaks revealed human rights violations in Eritrea. Currently, according to ICC, there are more than 3,000 Christians imprisoned in Eritrea for practicing their faith." } ] }, { "id": "b-fb5f4d3b96a2543fef81c337", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/3/0", "start": 1755, "end": 2347 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The leaked document, said the ICC statement, confirms years of ICC reports about the inhumane conditions of prisoners in Eritrea. \"Prisoners were fed two pieces of bread three times a day. A bucket in the middle of the room served as a toilet between escorted bathroom breaks, but it constantly spilled and contaminated the room with urine and feces. Many prisoners could not talk due to the lack of water, their tongues stuck to the roofs of their mouth from thirst,\" a former prisoner told the United States embassy officials in Eritrea, according to the Wikileaks report. " } ] }, { "id": "b-9b323399f678100819257b26", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/3/0", "start": 1755, "end": 2347 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " He and another 600 prisoners were kept in a 40 by 38 foot cell. “It was not possible to lie down and barely possible to sit,” he said. His cellmates were “Eritreans who tried to flee the country, military deserters, common criminals, and Protestants (presumably of unregistered denominations).” " } ] }, { "id": "b-2cfb264dbe98d85d91e619a2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/3/0", "start": 1755, "end": 2347 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " The prisoner said he heard “the screams of people being tortured” and saw Eritrean security officials “bringing back badly bruised and bleeding detainees to the holding room.” He witnessed Eritrean security officials “beating a man with a rubber hose on his bare feet.” In another instance, he observed “a man sitting with his arms tied and raised behind his back. His feet were tied together and a wooden pole was placed beneath his knees.” " } ] }, { "id": "b-9f2fa34be6370b2777f39f06", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/3/0", "start": 1755, "end": 2347 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " For the full Wikileaks report on the prisoners, see :(http://www.wikileaks.ch/cable/2008/11/08ASMARA546.html). " } ] }, { "id": "b-758cdbbafef0d5125a163814", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/3/0", "start": 1755, "end": 2347 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Many of the imprisoned Christians are members of evangelical churches. Most of them are kept in underground dungeons, metal shipping containers and military barracks. Several have died in prison due to the torture and inhumane conditions." } ] }, { "id": "b-a6f22d2fdde6629acbcaae67", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/5/0", "start": 3591, "end": 3907 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“The Wikileaks report sheds light on the plight of prisoners in Eritrea. It’s unconscionable for Eritrea to mistreat its own citizens in such horrible ways for peacefully exercising their religious freedom. We urge Eritrea to end such inhumane acts,” said Jonathan Racho, ICC’s Regional Manager for Africa." } ] }, { "id": "b-0de898330fa8a8b362f20eeb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/9/0", "start": 3937, "end": 3963 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Source: Spero News", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-b9d71a21d5c3d373f83338b4", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/11", "start": 3975, "end": 4049 }, "anchors": [], "level": 3, "content": [ { "text": "For the full Wikileaks report on the prisoners, please look below:" } ] }, { "id": "b-f7bc0b8cb13597c38b347d98", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/13", "start": 4057, "end": 4129 }, "anchors": [], "level": 3, "content": [ { "text": "Viewing cable 08ASMARA546, ARREST, INTERROGATION, AND TORTURE OF" } ] }, { "id": "b-3d0c9354028698acc50da350", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/15", "start": 4137, "end": 4172 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "SS E C R E T ASMARA 000546" } ] }, { "id": "b-35a43928ca97a8179a21b87c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/19", "start": 4208, "end": 4223 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "NOFORN" } ] }, { "id": "b-4161562bca633381cb6891fa", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/21", "start": 4231, "end": 4246 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "SIPDIS" } ] }, { "id": "b-8b676471a562790a38f1cc37", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/25", "start": 4282, "end": 4338 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "DEPARTMENT FOR DS/IP/AF, DS/TIA/ITA, DS/ICI/CI," } ] }, { "id": "b-8fe51d830b532f6b040d28fe", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/27", "start": 4346, "end": 4413 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "DS/IP/SPC/SO, DS/OPO/FLD, INR, AF/E, DRL, LONDON AND PARIS" } ] }, { "id": "b-2e39f81f76315727a77c17c4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/29", "start": 4421, "end": 4449 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "FOR AFRICA WATCHERS" } ] }, { "id": "b-e3c32518e09cf7f8cc5bb1c1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/33", "start": 4485, "end": 4522 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "E.O. 12958: DECL: 11/06/2028" } ] }, { "id": "b-2e92e327fd4d5e6962880b6d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/35", "start": 4530, "end": 4571 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "TAGS: ASEC ER PGOV PREL PHUM KIRF" } ] }, { "id": "b-68a91dba1f262c6e6ee6eb8b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/37", "start": 4579, "end": 4633 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "SUBJECT: ARREST, INTERROGATION, AND TORTURE OF" } ] }, { "id": "b-3e5fa4cb60cb21ca43cc48cd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/39", "start": 4641, "end": 4662 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "XXXXXXXXXXXX" } ] }, { "id": "b-d7648771c9b5bae5dc9bda5e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/41", "start": 4670, "end": 4694 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "REF: ASMARA 509" } ] }, { "id": "b-049963eba7ebc85706fbfda7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/45", "start": 4730, "end": 4802 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Classified By: Ambassador Ronald K. McMullen for Reason 1.4 (d)" } ] }, { "id": "b-4c0c6737771f63f2057c9be9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/49", "start": 4838, "end": 4923 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "¶1. (S/NF) SUMMARY: On XXXXXXXXXXXX was released after five months in jail." } ] }, { "id": "b-fc9c788f26a47b991093175f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/51/0", "start": 4934, "end": 5023 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "XXXXXXXXXXXX emotionally recounted his experience to the RSO, including his interrogation," } ] }, { "id": "b-a48500dd3b0c703c44c09034", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/53", "start": 5035, "end": 5110 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "deplorable prison conditions, beatings, and witnessing the torture" } ] }, { "id": "b-aa6566547f837889e767d4f7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/55", "start": 5118, "end": 5186 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "of other prisoners being held at the XXXXXXXXXXXX facility." } ] }, { "id": "b-1e7b985acbdafc87241a616d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/57", "start": 5194, "end": 5257 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "XXXXXXXXXXXX kept a prison diary and gave different," } ] }, { "id": "b-579c91817f36197c8eb3f161", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/59", "start": 5265, "end": 5324 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "but similar, versions to the RSO and XXXXXXXXXXXX." } ] }, { "id": "b-af3b346571ad17c977172a86", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/61", "start": 5332, "end": 5353 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "END SUMMARY." } ] }, { "id": "b-7521319fd70fac5a4b45a1c6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/65", "start": 5389, "end": 5404 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ARREST" } ] }, { "id": "b-c7d610df057b3e5f29ebdf40", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/67", "start": 5412, "end": 5427 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "------" } ] }, { "id": "b-87da5a4cbcdc5491b059a91b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/69", "start": 5435, "end": 5496 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "2 (S/NF) XXXXXXXXXXXX was assigned as a guard at the" } ] }, { "id": "b-6aa3c4310336955d73e4b1d0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/71", "start": 5504, "end": 5562 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "XXXXXXXXXXXX. On XXXXXXXXXXXX, police came to his" } ] }, { "id": "b-5046b9d46b0c7359fb38be4c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/73", "start": 5570, "end": 5631 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "residence around 6:00 a.m. and demanded to see his" } ] }, { "id": "b-ac176b4420c77172dc3ae723", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/75/0", "start": 5642, "end": 5696 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "demobilization card. Such intrusions are common in May" } ] }, { "id": "b-10d9a1dc50f6b30b40074fc7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/77", "start": 5708, "end": 5773 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "during the run-up to Independence Day, as the government" } ] }, { "id": "b-2a8d1ba83506457c0cc53ab1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/79", "start": 5781, "end": 5844 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "increases security and also rounds up national service" } ] }, { "id": "b-48769626cdd80f9d3283d755", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/81", "start": 5852, "end": 5919 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "evaders. The demobilization card is proof that an Eritrean" } ] }, { "id": "b-946eb2638718274fd9cd2618", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/83", "start": 5927, "end": 5997 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "has completed national service, and in theory, not subject to" } ] }, { "id": "b-175c750f0fa6ca91c0eb1efd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/85", "start": 6005, "end": 6067 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "call-up or arrest for service evasion. As XXXXXXXXXXXX" } ] }, { "id": "b-554b7ccdf604fcb23c17d707", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/87", "start": 6075, "end": 6147 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "was pulling out his demobilization card, the officials spotted" } ] }, { "id": "b-765dfaf0fee78e3271ae7cff", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/89", "start": 6155, "end": 6220 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "his XXXXXXXXXXXX ID and noted his Ethiopian last name." } ] }, { "id": "b-e0241cbee29c5d34c9f165d6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/91", "start": 6228, "end": 6295 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "XXXXXXXXXXXX told RSO he does not think the officials came" } ] }, { "id": "b-f4493ce1c580012d422f72e6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/93", "start": 6303, "end": 6368 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "to his house because he worked for the XXXXXXXXXXXX, but" } ] }, { "id": "b-c5c8e73485219f5e54e2531c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/95", "start": 6376, "end": 6443 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "were looking for suspicious persons and arrested him after" } ] }, { "id": "b-fe7377f8956e1d30903a5a4d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/97", "start": 6451, "end": 6512 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "seeing his XXXXXXXXXXXX and last name. XXXXXXXXXXXX" } ] }, { "id": "b-5550bc77def8d625ba89f5c0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/99", "start": 6520, "end": 6584 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "¶3. (S/NF) Police questioned XXXXXXXXXXXX at a downtown" } ] }, { "id": "b-1566ad3fd5d3e4cc8778dbc7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/101", "start": 6592, "end": 6663 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "police station for about four hours. They asked about his job" } ] }, { "id": "b-a0423a348d9bd8a2f996407b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/103", "start": 6671, "end": 6725 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "XXXXXXXXXXX, his father's last name, how many" } ] }, { "id": "b-3a2d2cc86dc4b98bf715de10", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/105", "start": 6733, "end": 6788 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "XXXXXXXXXXXX, and how long he had worked there." } ] }, { "id": "b-2f2b110f1258d2cf7b5da6de", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/107", "start": 6796, "end": 6849 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Later that day, XXXXXXXXXXX was taken to the" } ] }, { "id": "b-19fa1eea9b654637afb48fca", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/109", "start": 6857, "end": 6903 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "XXXXXXXXXXXX located XXXXXXXXXXXX.." } ] }, { "id": "b-fc308f283869c2805ae7e09b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/113", "start": 6939, "end": 6975 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "DETENTION AND INTERROGATION" } ] }, { "id": "b-b9c09c810e14ff1ce10feb5a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/115", "start": 6983, "end": 7019 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "---------------------------" } ] }, { "id": "b-f0a4ea44de6fb311b4b98200", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/117", "start": 7027, "end": 7093 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "¶4. (S/NF) XXXXXXXXXXXX was placed in a cell approximately" } ] }, { "id": "b-1ff70d9fa6ff4dc11e177106", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/119", "start": 7101, "end": 7174 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "40 feet x 38 feet with about 600 other prisoners. He stated the" } ] }, { "id": "b-dec8171cde27b65246c192c9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/121", "start": 7182, "end": 7250 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "conditions were so cramped, it was not possible to lie down" } ] }, { "id": "b-4b1092b031b05e81ad85613b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/123", "start": 7258, "end": 7326 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "and barely possible to sit. He was held there for one month" } ] }, { "id": "b-a9e1ba61ffec7f28a4333e27", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/125", "start": 7334, "end": 7396 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "before being interrogated. He was interrogated on two" } ] }, { "id": "b-286b75a209331620096770ef", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/127", "start": 7404, "end": 7467 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "separate occasions by members of the Eritrean National" } ] }, { "id": "b-a65f73c9a33da0811349a764", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/129", "start": 7475, "end": 7537 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Security Organization (ENSO), including one nicknamed" } ] }, { "id": "b-31a7f87787cd74df459d82b9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/131", "start": 7545, "end": 7610 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "XXXXXXXXXXXX On both occasions the interrogator beat him." } ] }, { "id": "b-d5a61c2fbfa5d75a9e05ea52", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/133", "start": 7618, "end": 7679 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The interrogator asked him the following questions:" } ] }, { "id": "b-83af3ebdb9971e77873d3808", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/137", "start": 7715, "end": 7772 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "¶A. What was his job title and responsibilities." } ] }, { "id": "b-a2904548af12746aa907c8ea", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/139", "start": 7780, "end": 7838 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "¶B. Did he perform any other duties XXXXXXXXXXXX ," } ] }, { "id": "b-3e399bf9e4461abfdda9ead7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/141", "start": 7846, "end": 7882 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "and why does he work there." } ] }, { "id": "b-ed359edf6fbc1639ae0608cd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/143", "start": 7890, "end": 7951 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "¶C. Which XXXXXXXXXXXX were spying for XXXXXXXXXXXX" } ] }, { "id": "b-3776409175694ba392177f09", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/145", "start": 7959, "end": 7983 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "¶D. XXXXXXXXXXX" } ] }, { "id": "b-f9d2f2cc512c22a6dd30e5bb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/147", "start": 7991, "end": 8043 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "¶E. What were the religions of XXXXXXXXXXX." } ] }, { "id": "b-4532103d3b4103876153baa4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/149", "start": 8051, "end": 8109 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "¶F. What activities occur at the XXXXXXXXXXXX, is" } ] }, { "id": "b-b1c3e485f447d0824c93966f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/151", "start": 8117, "end": 8181 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "it being used as a warehouse, and what is stored there." } ] }, { "id": "b-99c27d139e00439f1fe5dced", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/153", "start": 8189, "end": 8248 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "¶G. Who is the XXXXXXXXXXXX, what is his job, what" } ] }, { "id": "b-a34c863def502a6f9569c451", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/155", "start": 8256, "end": 8315 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "activities does he do at XXXXXXXXXXX, who does he" } ] }, { "id": "b-cd1fcd32c05cc5ba5ca366c4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/157", "start": 8323, "end": 8386 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "meet with, and what parts of Asmara does he frequent." } ] }, { "id": "b-adcbc958196f9761a7eebaed", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/159", "start": 8394, "end": 8436 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "¶H. They asked about, XXXXXXXXXXXX" } ] }, { "id": "b-1808d321e7ed8832043c9bf5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/163", "start": 8472, "end": 8536 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "XXXXXXXXXXXX stated the ENSO personnel called him a \"spy" } ] }, { "id": "b-6f847642b24378f0d5631c7f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/165", "start": 8544, "end": 8614 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "XXXXXXXXXXXX during his interrogations. They stated they knew" } ] }, { "id": "b-b3433021a6531a552abd5573", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/167", "start": 8622, "end": 8687 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"everything that happens in the XXXXXXXXXXXX and that if" } ] }, { "id": "b-bb654ca4e8813d6033ef75d8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/169", "start": 8695, "end": 8761 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "he lied to them they would know XXXXXXXXXXXX stated he was" } ] }, { "id": "b-be0eea5091fc9ca807458441", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/171", "start": 8769, "end": 8832 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "simply a guard at XXXXXXXXXXXX. He stated his job was" } ] }, { "id": "b-f2d2e58b67f7dd3369a3bde1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/173", "start": 8840, "end": 8897 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "to provide security XXXXXXXXXXXX The interrogator" } ] }, { "id": "b-e92217613320d6b4ff7ee848", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/175", "start": 8905, "end": 8959 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "XXXXXXXXXXXX later told XXXXXXXXXXXX he must" } ] }, { "id": "b-0e7c2bc96911a66d98da29fc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/177", "start": 8967, "end": 9026 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "come at least once a week to XXXXXXXXXXXX office in" } ] }, { "id": "b-49ca70d25d3d1a572262a600", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/179", "start": 9034, "end": 9090 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Asmara and report all activities he observes at" } ] }, { "id": "b-b5595fff0347beafda56dfdd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/181", "start": 9098, "end": 9119 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "XXXXXXXXXXXX." } ] }, { "id": "b-dda7867d0bac692669b0a723", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/185", "start": 9155, "end": 9177 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "XXXXXXXXXXXX." } ] }, { "id": "b-a9aa109dc5c7203e42bfe8d9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/189", "start": 9213, "end": 9239 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "PRISON CONDITIONS" } ] }, { "id": "b-bf76f3e177207cbf2f98479b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/191", "start": 9247, "end": 9273 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "-----------------" } ] }, { "id": "b-25108345bf1921474caecdc7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/193", "start": 9281, "end": 9342 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "¶5. (S/NF) After the two interrogations, XXXXXXXXXXXX" } ] }, { "id": "b-e528c61d07205e014d77810c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/195", "start": 9350, "end": 9419 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "wasnot questioned again, but returned to the crowded holding" } ] }, { "id": "b-613f8da00006f04d8f16805f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/197", "start": 9427, "end": 9497 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "room. Prisoners were fed 2 pieces of bread three times a day" } ] }, { "id": "b-e112ec4d1e18415696734a65", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/199", "start": 9505, "end": 9573 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "and allowed to use the toilet twice a day. A bucket in the" } ] }, { "id": "b-5ab62b0e5de64f4602aa1a78", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/201", "start": 9581, "end": 9644 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "middle of the room served as a toilet between escorted" } ] }, { "id": "b-9027e594d52610bb5dde1899", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/203", "start": 9652, "end": 9720 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "bathroom breaks, but it constantly spilled and contaminated" } ] }, { "id": "b-27ad7525564bc4a72d9c7c01", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/205", "start": 9728, "end": 9797 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "the room with urine and feces. Many prisoners could not talk" } ] }, { "id": "b-e3b7fb4bb51fa349b9ee85e1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/207", "start": 9805, "end": 9875 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "due to the lack of water, their tongues stuck to the roofs of" } ] }, { "id": "b-f3d7a9d458d7ef2ce92a449a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/209", "start": 9883, "end": 9954 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "their mouths from thirst. XXXXXXXXXXXX said prisoners believed" } ] }, { "id": "b-64d746f378d889f701aeeb74", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/211", "start": 9962, "end": 10035 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ENSO had placed informers in the prison cell to gain additional" } ] }, { "id": "b-7a2c7597aef5ec594e507165", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/213", "start": 10043, "end": 10112 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "information. Family members and friends are allowed to bring" } ] }, { "id": "b-c2773f48081717c668507653", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/215", "start": 10120, "end": 10183 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "food to prisoners. One of XXXXXXXXXXXX friends smuggled" } ] }, { "id": "b-27631670eefddf8287523c5e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/217", "start": 10191, "end": 10265 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "in a notebook and pen with a tray of food, and he chronicled his" } ] }, { "id": "b-78a222112290954f8d3be975", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/219", "start": 10273, "end": 10341 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "experience in two versions, one for the RSO and another for" } ] }, { "id": "b-b580b21155975572aec81024", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/221", "start": 10349, "end": 10407 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "the Ambassador. XXXXXXXXXXXX smuggled the diaries" } ] }, { "id": "b-5e035f1c280d856bd6fb2926", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/223", "start": 10415, "end": 10455 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "out also using the food trays." } ] }, { "id": "b-e815601b393b037c40aa8c12", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/227", "start": 10491, "end": 10518 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "WITNESS TO TORTURE" } ] }, { "id": "b-24caf10ee229cc68bb870713", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/229", "start": 10526, "end": 10553 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "------------------" } ] }, { "id": "b-3c0925771b790ebb9be69765", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/231", "start": 10561, "end": 10628 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "¶6. (S/NF) The ENSO personnel regularly tortured prisoners" } ] }, { "id": "b-deb48a455b313e928a2bddf4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/233", "start": 10636, "end": 10692 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "imprisoned with XXXXXXXXXXXX. His cellmates were" } ] }, { "id": "b-da986af0e85bbe88a5a4c80c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/235", "start": 10700, "end": 10768 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Eritreans who tried to flee the country, military deserters," } ] }, { "id": "b-2b3879183a667f2d0422188b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/237", "start": 10776, "end": 10846 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "common criminals, and Protestants (presumably of unregistered" } ] }, { "id": "b-b361e1c1a586df5a519c22c5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/239", "start": 10854, "end": 10917 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "denominations). XXXXXXXXXXXX stated they could hear the" } ] }, { "id": "b-1a55c473e615be248e620208", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/241", "start": 10925, "end": 10988 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "screams of people being tortured and he witnessed ENSO" } ] }, { "id": "b-15d7fec78172317d1deca901", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/243", "start": 10996, "end": 11068 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "staff bringing back badly bruised and bleeding detainees to the" } ] }, { "id": "b-449a8665db730a5f9bdf0734", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/245", "start": 11076, "end": 11137 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "holding room. On one occasion, XXXXXXXXXXXX observed" } ] }, { "id": "b-70d2e43d2c64bdef3176320b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/247", "start": 11145, "end": 11219 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ENSO officials beating a man with a rubber hose on his bare feet." } ] }, { "id": "b-25e733be71821cc697d847f7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/249", "start": 11227, "end": 11305 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Another time, when XXXXXXXXXXXX was allowed out to use the bathroom," } ] }, { "id": "b-a7809abc496731d313f84a7e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/251/0", "start": 11316, "end": 11398 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "he passed a shipping container and saw a man sitting with his arms tied and raised" } ] }, { "id": "b-2444883b5e2cf7144ac6f86e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/253/0", "start": 11413, "end": 11494 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "behind his back. His feetwere tied together and a wooden pole was placed beneath" } ] }, { "id": "b-5cff3f407a761c075c8dbe6b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/255/0", "start": 11509, "end": 11588 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "his knees. He saw head with a rubber hose and wooden sticks. XXXXXXXXXXXX said" } ] }, { "id": "b-a876e6287ae0d4a409a92792", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/257/0", "start": 11603, "end": 11674 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ENSO later moved the container to a more remote part of the Camp where" } ] }, { "id": "b-e21d60823ec53fe789cb4970", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/259/0", "start": 11689, "end": 11735 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "other prisoners could not observe the torture." } ] }, { "id": "b-b3580ac31ca6e21e82553a3c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/263", "start": 11775, "end": 11803 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "CHILDREN NOT SPARED" } ] }, { "id": "b-b264cff7d813799606884489", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/265", "start": 11811, "end": 11839 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "-------------------" } ] }, { "id": "b-5db4f5074b5611a1bddaeb26", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/267", "start": 11847, "end": 11904 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "¶7. (S/NF) XXXXXXXXXXXX said that for a few days," } ] }, { "id": "b-8b1fd85f97f3ac67f0de4bd9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/269", "start": 11912, "end": 11979 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "approximately 35 boys, aged 8-13, were confined with him." } ] }, { "id": "b-b34f51fec57335dac2993723", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/271", "start": 11987, "end": 12056 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Asked why they were arrested, the boys said they had crossed" } ] }, { "id": "b-cefd5503a82d70abbc874a28", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/273", "start": 12064, "end": 12134 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "into Ethiopia, but Ethiopian soldiers caught them, and, after" } ] }, { "id": "b-6812a7c1308764a36c220e39", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/275", "start": 12142, "end": 12211 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "feeding them and giving them new clothes, sent them back to" } ] }, { "id": "b-d50c06e31abdbed7d54a4fb4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/277", "start": 12219, "end": 12293 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Eritrea, telling them they were too young to cross by themselves." } ] }, { "id": "b-d52f34d6a9cf3cf7a8031dab", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/279", "start": 12301, "end": 12371 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Upon returning to Eritrea, the boys were arrested and taken to" } ] }, { "id": "b-a968d47dfd6b64457fe1c347", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/281", "start": 12379, "end": 12431 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "XXXXXXXXXXXX, and later to another prison in" } ] }, { "id": "b-2b7cd0bb65186a912960e813", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/283", "start": 12439, "end": 12500 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "XXXXXXXXXXXX. XXXXXXXXXXXXsaid ENSO personnel also" } ] }, { "id": "b-af2c700df16551c2b8ac5af7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/285/0", "start": 12511, "end": 12588 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "beat the boys And told the adult prisoners not to talk to the boys or to each" } ] }, { "id": "b-a159ec06be40e8245ddac166", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/287", "start": 12600, "end": 12669 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "other about why they were in prison or about their beatings." } ] }, { "id": "b-e4ef9909a0eba0a521ad2ba7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/291", "start": 12705, "end": 12740 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "RELEASED AFTER FIVE MONTHS" } ] }, { "id": "b-e4c5f2d126b12dd50f084aff", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/293", "start": 12748, "end": 12783 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "--------------------------" } ] }, { "id": "b-da7d58f3796e74deca237bf3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/295", "start": 12791, "end": 12849 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "¶8. (S/NF) XXXXXXXXXXXX was angry and nearly broke" } ] }, { "id": "b-53d067606bee3a0f0e21c971", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/297", "start": 12857, "end": 12926 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "into tears a number of times. He said although the physical" } ] }, { "id": "b-29532abef4c79689a059a8bd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/299", "start": 12934, "end": 13002 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "abuse and deprivations took a toll on his body, it was the" } ] }, { "id": "b-183662cbecb06cf03ae63a7d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/301", "start": 13010, "end": 13076 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "psychological abuse of being packed in with so many other" } ] }, { "id": "b-c83ca1eb38013655edcaabad", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/303", "start": 13084, "end": 13149 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "people, of not knowing when the next beatings would come," } ] }, { "id": "b-2a0388f175806e69abc0815f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/305", "start": 13157, "end": 13228 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "and believing he could be killed, that was the most damaging." } ] }, { "id": "b-d2682e8032386ad25534642c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/307", "start": 13236, "end": 13292 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "XXXXXXXXXXXX has probably been more candid about" } ] }, { "id": "b-260fd5a2e71ada9d29ebda5b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/309", "start": 13300, "end": 13356 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "his experience than other XXXXXXXXXXXX who were" } ] }, { "id": "b-c41725e5080c4548031960fd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/311", "start": 13364, "end": 13396 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "incarcerated (reftel)." } ] }, { "id": "b-8ad866fc3f5cdd4a1c50d5d1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/315", "start": 13432, "end": 13496 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "¶9. (S/NF) , XXXXXXXXXXXX was freed, with no explanation" } ] }, { "id": "b-44a56d25417ae560091f36de", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/317", "start": 13504, "end": 13567 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "for his release or detention. ENSO personnel warned him" } ] }, { "id": "b-ba515694a638a602947b5ac1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/319", "start": 13575, "end": 13635 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "they would kill him if he told anyone. XXXXXXXXXXXX" } ] }, { "id": "b-36b20e24a58ba21b98e05498", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/321", "start": 13643, "end": 13702 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "of his detention and treatment. The ENSO personnel" } ] }, { "id": "b-e1761d3c910c906fb647dfac", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/323", "start": 13710, "end": 13775 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "refused to return his XXXXXXXXXXXX or his demobilization" } ] }, { "id": "b-05ff2484d03e5ddee533d1f2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/325", "start": 13783, "end": 13846 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "card. XXXXXXXXXXXX believes, XXXXXXXXXXXX, his arrest" } ] }, { "id": "b-f04721cf5902c129a46a3efb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/327", "start": 13854, "end": 13916 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "occurred because the ENSO official saw XXXXXXXXXXXX" } ] }, { "id": "b-1d82698259742ce25c67443f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/329", "start": 13924, "end": 13979 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "and noticed his father's Ethiopian last name." } ] }, { "id": "b-2d923a9e18b61317afc43107", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/333", "start": 14015, "end": 14035 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "XXXXXXXXXXXX" } ] }, { "id": "b-2ea43575c44b737f0bc969f4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/0/7/5/337", "start": 14071, "end": 14087 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "MCMULLEN" } ] } ], "anchors": {}, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/0/7/3/1/3/2", "start": 942, "end": 1044 }, "text": "E-mail", "text_sha256": "2550d962e536e7c0889f563a957c5389c97aa7507881efe2b754769b814d8256", "reason": "Inherited publishing/navigation control", "evidence": "Exact linked print/email/PDF/pagination/home label in source controls; 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with contribution by Mamanesrit Idris.", "byline_role": "Compiled by; with contribution", "date": "12-02-2018", "metadata_evidence": [ { "field": "credit", "value": "Resoum Kidane; with contribution by Mamanesrit Idris.", "source_excerpt": "hekini) 1940-1972 Researched and compiled by Resoum Kidane; with contribution by Mamanesrit Idris. 12-02-2018 Mahmoud Ibrahim Muhammad Saeed (Chekin", "original_sha256": "75b0bf718bcbf51d0803cb9747370825b5a46d2ea852a7f2b9f4602b0dc8be38" }, { "field": "date", "value": "12-02-2018", "source_excerpt": "dane; with contribution by Mamanesrit Idris. 12-02-2018 Mahmoud Ibrahim Muhammad Saeed (Chekini was born ", "original_sha256": "75b0bf718bcbf51d0803cb9747370825b5a46d2ea852a7f2b9f4602b0dc8be38" } ], "text": "The mysterious death of Mahmoud Ibrahim Muhammad Saeed (Chekini) 1940-1972 Researched and compiled by Resoum Kidane; with contribution by Mamanesrit Idris. 12-02-2018 Mahmoud Ibrahim Muhammad Saeed (Chekini was born in Keren in 1940 from the Habab tribe of Betasghade family and his great grandfather is kentebay Gergis. Chekini completed his elementary and junior education in Keren, thereafter he moved to Asmara to purse his secondary education at Jalia Arabic secondary school. During his student time he was a good footballer in Keren as well as in Asmara. In the 1950s the youth’s resistance against the violations of the Federal Constitution intensified when Amharic became the official language in violation of the Eritrea Constitution which had declared Tigrinya and Arabic as the medium for primary education up to grade four, along with English. During those years secondary school students were also influenced by Ato Woldeab Woldemariam radio programme which was broadcasts from Cairo. The radio programme played a great role in the revival of Eritrean nationalism in the 1950s. Consequently sporadic student strikes became common, especially in Asmara in the 1950s. In 1957 the generation of Chekini actively participated in organizing demonstrations, in protesting the imposition of Amharic in Eritrean schools as the language of instruction, replacing Tigrigna and Arabic. After 1957, Amharic became the most hated subject in schools in Eritrea. Ande Michael Kahassa in his interview recalls when we went to high school in 1959; there was resistance to Amharic in our group. ‘Our favourite method was to eat dried chickpea during class. It was very noisy. We were known as the chickpea market.’ When Chekini studied at Jalia Arabic secondary school, he was recruited by Haraket (MaHber ShewAte) probably between 1959 and 1960. In the late 1950s it was a common phenomena that when students moved to Asmara to pursue their secondary education to be recruited by Haraket (Mahber Shewate) same as Chekini . One of those students was Naizghi Kiflu who came to Asmara from Medefera to purse his secondary education, and became a member of the secret organization known as MaHber ShewAte. After Arabic had been banned in the schools and replaced by Amharic more students had also left Eritrea for the Arab world to study (Connell,483). This could be a reason for Chekini’s father who tried to send his son to Cairo for higher education to study at University. However, on his way to Cairo, Chekini was captured by the Sudanese security service and was put in jail. This could be in the early 1960s. On is release he joined the ELF from Sudan in 1964 It is worth mentioning that in the early 1963 Syria was one of the first foreign supporters of the ELF. According Michael (2014) twenty ELF fighters got military training in Syria as early as 1963 and completed their training in 1964. Dan Connell (2010) also states that in 1960s approximately 300 Eritreans received military training in Syria . Chekini was one of those fighters who went to Syria for military training at the Military Academy in the Syrian Arab Republic. Based on information obtained from Chekini’s daughter, he was sent for military training to Syria in 1964, after the first batch returned in 1964. Chekini probably returned from Syria in 1965 when the Supreme Council of the ELF leadership deliberately divided the Eritrean Liberation Army by region and ethnicity through establishing four military zones based on a territorial division in order to control the movement of the fighters and to divide them, weakening the unit which they had built up during Haraket This new military structure instead of minimizing internal disputes, exacerbated the ethnic, religious and personal conflicts, resulting in intensive rivalry between different zones which was cause of inefficiency and disunity among the Zone Commands. This period of division in the history of the Eritrean armed struggle (1965-1968) is called Zemene Kiflitat. Based on territorial division, Chekini who was from Senhit became the political commissioner of Zone Two which represented Sahel and Senhit, the commander of this zone was Omer Hamed Ezaz from Bilen Bet Tawqe family in Hal-Hal. After serving for two years as the political commissioner of Zone two, Chekin and four other political commissioners from Zone one, three, four, and five went for further military training to China in 1967. (Larkin, Bruce D, (1971) provides a brief explanation of how the Chinese Communist Party offered this military training for the ELF fighters. According to Larkin, in 1966 at the Afro-Asian Writers’ emergence meeting which was held between 27 June and 9 July, it was resolved to give full support to the “Just war of liberation of the Eritrean people for national independence and sovereignty. A year after this meeting as mentioned earlier, the ELF sent five fighters to China to study political ideology and guerrilla warfare at the Nanjing Military College in China, 1967. In this picture Mahmoud Ibrahim Chekini standing left to right between Isaias Afwerki and Ramadan Mohammed Nur, other ELF fighters Ahmed Adem Omer. Sitting L-R: 3rd Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed. According to his daughter, Chekini also founded the first a music band on the frontline in 1969, which could have been when he returned from China. During that year he was also elected to be a member of the General Command (Kiyada-al-Ama) at the Adobha Conference in 1969. At the Adobha conference all five Zones joined into one united army and a new leadership called the General Command (Kiada al-Ama). This leadership was formed to replace the Cairo-based Supreme Council and the Revolutionary Command liaison in Kassala. In reaction to the General Command (Kiyada-al-Ama) decision to replace the Cairo-based Supreme Council, Osama Salhi Sabbe who was member of the Supreme Council and supporter of Zone Four or the Eastern lowland region spilt from the ELF. According to (Iyob) Sabbe announced the formation of a new body the General Secretariat (GS) to replace the discredited Supreme Council. The General Command (Kiyada-al-Ama) refused to acknowledge the General Secretariat (GS) and responded by arresting fighters suspected of being adherents of Sabbe and launching a repressive campaign over the eastern lowland (ZONE FOUR) which were viewed as a Sabbe stronghold. Further after the Adobaha conference the relation between Sabba and Idris M.Adem became more strained due to conflicts which were generated between 1965 and1969 (zemene-kiflitat). As a result of the rift between Sabba and Idris M.Adem all fighters member of Zone 4 (Semhar and Dankalia) who supported by Sabbe flee from the ELF persecution in the late 1960s [for further information read Osman Saleh Sabbe in his interview] After Sabbe split the ELF-General Command held its first National Congress in Arr, Barka between 14 October and 12 November 1971 and elect Idres Mohammed Adem chairman who was the main rival of Sabbe. Members of the 1st Revolutionary Council Democratically Elected at the 1971 Congress: 1. Idris Mohammed Adem, president 2. Herui Tedla Bairu, first vice president 3. Abdalla Idris Mohammed, second vice president 4. Saleh Ahmed Eyay, head foreign office 5. Mohammed Ismail Abdu, head of coordination 6. Ibrahim Mohammed Ali 7. Mohammed Osman Izaz 8. Ahmed Ibrahim Nafi’e (Halib Sete) 9. Mohammed Berhan Abdurahman 10. Ahmed Mohammed Nasser 11. Tesfai Tekle 12. Mohammed Saleh Humed 13. Shihem Ibrahim Shihem (later deserted to the enemy). Chekin was also elected to members of the other 19 person Executive Committee by 1st ELF Congress in 1971. Members of the ‘other’ 19-person Executive Committee Elected by 1st ELF Congress: 1.Idris Toteel, secretary of the ‘other’ Ex. Committee 2.Abdulkadir Ramadan 3.Mahmoud Ibrahim Chekini 4.Mahmoud Hasab 5.Ibrahim Abdalla 6.Saed Saleh 7.Idris Ali 8.Adem Moh. Hamid (Gindifil) 9.Omar Haj Idris Suleiman Mussa Haj Humed Moh. Saed Kulu 12.Fitsum Ghebresilassie 13.Mohammed Idris Humedai 14.Azien Yassin 15.Mohammed Nur Ahmed 16. Ibrahim Mahmoud Mohammed 17. Afa Mohammed Hamid 18. Ibrahim Ali Nur 19. Omar Mohammed Ahmed At the ELF first congress, 1971, the ELF changed its name to the ELF-RC and declared that the Eritrean revolution cannot tolerate the presence of more than one armed organisation in the field. The ELF-RC denounced the dissidents as “counter-revolutionaries”. The ELF-RC declared war to liquidate “the counter-revolution” by force which was the cause for two years of civil war. Omer states that in 1971 the first National Congress passed a resolution to liquidate other factions mainly the Osman Sabe & Obel groups (Omer Jabir, August 17, 2011). The ELF First National Congress instead avoided any explicit declaration of civil war but passed a resolution setting the stage for civil war on the grounds that ‘the Eritrean field cannot bear more than one organization and one leadership’. The ELF repeated what it said in 1965 when Eliminated HARAKA again in 1971 by passing a resolution that the field couldn't tolerate more than one organization. Herui who was elected vice-chairman of the Revolutionary Council in 1971 Following in his father's footsteps, participated in the decision to liquidate the EPLF in 1972 (Killon, 1991:251) According Mamanesrit (Chekini’s daughter), her father was a member of the Reconciliation committee before the civil war of 1972, and was also against the civil war. “I think he already knew the consequences of the civil war.” The civil war of 1972-1974 erupted as a result of the rivalry for power between the ELF and EPLF leaders. A battle between the two fronts at Wolki in October 1974 left 600 fighters dead . The two years [1972-1974] of internecine strife between the two movements, caused an estimated 3,000 casualties among the fighters - more deaths among the combatants than the entire thirteen years of government military actions to date ( Waal 1991). The civil war between the rival ELF and EPLF leaders was also used to eliminate their opponent under the pretext of then being martyred in the civil war. According to the ELF, Mahmoud Ibrahim Muhammad Saeed (Chekini) who went to China for training with the first group was killed (martyred) during the first Eritrean civil war. However, according to a reliable source Chekini was murdered in the Sahel, 1972. In 2018 also received similar information about his mysterious death from Mamanesrit (Chekini’s daughter), who totally believed that, her father was assassinated by a friend in April the 13th 1972 in the Sahel Tuku'e Yehadego who was co founder of Mehaber Showat in Asmara was also one of the victim of the EPLF who was eliminated under the pretext of being martyred during the civil war. There was also a similar story about Dr. Fitsum who was shot by his friend in 1972. He joined the ELF from Yugoslavia after passed his PhD in the early 1970s. Dr. Fitsum Dr. Fitsum was a member of the ‘other’ 19-person Executive Committee Elected by 1st ELF Congress in 1971 and against the civil war like Chekini. I think because both of them had different views from others ELF leaders; eventually they became the scapegoat of the ELF leadership. As it is clear from text written in Geez Script below, Dr Fitsum believe in the unity of the two fronts. Here is a piece of information about Dr Fitsum which was posted in facebook by Stefanos Temolso ንስዉእ ዶክተር ፍጹም ኣብ ክራማት 1972 ኣብ ከባቢ ሰንዓፈ ረኺበዮ። ሽዑ ጸጕሩ ነዊሕ ኮይኑ፡ ዛዕኰርኰር ዝበለ፡ ምልኩዕ ግን ጸሊም ነይሩ። ኣነ ውዱብ ትሓኤ ኮይነ ምስቲ ሽዑ ዝነበረ ሕንፍሽፍሽ ናይ ህሓሓኤ ዶ ተሓኤ ዝብል ኵነታት፡ ምሳይ ብዝነበሩ ውዱባት በዓል ስዉእ ጎይትኦምን ገረዝግሄርን ወልደርፍኤልን ንዶክተር ፍጹም ብምርካብ ንጹር ሓበሬታ ንምምጻእየ ተላኢኸ። ዶክተር ፍጹም፡ ምስ ገለ ሓሙሽተ ዝኾኑ ብጾቱ ኣብ ሓደ በዓቲ መሳሊ ቦታ ኢና ተራኺብና። መልእኽቱ ብሓጺሩ ከምዚ ዝብል ነይሩ። ኣብዚ እዋንዚ ዘድሊ ህዝቢ ምንቃሕ ማለት ጸላእቱ መነመን ምዃኖም ከም ዝፈልጥ ምግባር'ዩ። ካብዚ ወጻኢ \"ኢ ዲኻ ፒ\" ዝብሃል ማለት ተሓኤ ዲኻ ህሓሓኤ ዲኻ ዝብል ዘረባ ክተልዕሉዎ የብልኩምን። ዝብል ምኽርን ሓበሬታን ከምኡውን መጽሔታት ሂቡ ኣፋንዩኒ። ምሳይ ናብቲ ቦታ መሪሑኒ ዝኸደ ኣማኒኤል ፋቶሪኖ ሰታዮ ዝነበረ ኮይኑ ነቲ መጽሔታት ባዕሉ ኣብ ኣውቶቡስ ኣንቢሩዎስ ኣስመራ ምስ በጻሕና ኣረኪቡኒ። ኣማኒኤል ክሳዕ ሕጂ ኣበይ ከም ዘሎ ደሃይ የብለይን። ዶክተር ፍጹም ከም ዝተሰውአ ምስ ሰማዕኩ መሪር ሓዘን ተሰሚዑኒ። ድሒረ ኣብርሃለይ ክፍለ ከም ዝቐተሎን መራሕ ቲ ጀብሃ ብረት ክፍትን ከሎ ተባሪዓቶስ ትሰዊኡ ዝብል ዘረባ ከም ዝፈነዉ ፈሊጠ። ጠንቂ መቕተሊኡ ስምረት ክልቲኡ ውድባት ኣይተርፍንዩ ይብል ስለ ዝነበረ እዩ። ብሰንኪ መራሕቲ ክልቲኡ ውድባት መንእሰያት ሃገር ክሳዕ ሕጂ ይጸንቱ ኣለዉ። source facebook Checkini’s daughter adds that those who have conspired in the assassination of Chekini are alive and live in Stockholm, Sweden. She tried to investigate why he was murdered and asked a few people but they didn’t want to say anything. According CHEKINI’s daughter he left a testament with unkown person. The mysterious circumstances of the death of Mahmoud Ibrahim Muhammad Saeed (Chekini) are similar to the death of Tuke who became the victim of his own organization, the EPLF. As can be seen from the table below they had similar lives. Tuku Chekeni Born 1940 1940 Study Asmara Asmara, Keren Football player Asmara Asmara, Keren 1958 Joined Haraket Joined Haraket In the 1960s Joined the ELF Joined the ELF 1972 Killed by his organisation EPLF Killed by his organisation ELF ELF & EPLF version story Tuku was killed in the civil war by the ELF Chekin was killed in the civil war by the EPLF Conspirators Still alive and live in Asmara Still alive and live in Stockholm, Courtesy Chekini Champ To conclude, as can be seen from the above picture family members of Chekini strongly believe that he was assassinated by his organisation the ELF. I became aware of Chekini assassination in 2007, when I received an e-mail with brief information along with his picture from his niece. In 2018, I again heard a similar more detailed account from his daughter which I decided to include in this document on his mysterious death. In the history of the Eritrea Revolution, there are still questions to be answered about ELF and EPLF fighters who were killed in suspicious circumstances.Some of them were very well-known liberation fighters: Abraham Tewolde, Tuku Yihedogo, Weldenkel Haile (Wedi-Haile), , Isayas Tewelde ( Wedi-Flansa), Fisehye Woldegebrel . and Ibrahim Afa from the EPLF side . Dr Fistum, CHEKINI from the ELF side. The mysterious death of veteran fighters like Ande Michael Kahassa did not begin after liberation by the PFDJ but has roots going back to the 1960s and 1970s. Leaders of the ELF and EPLF along with their collaborators who have been involved in eliminating innocent fighters during the liberation era will be harshly judged history! Eternal glory to our martyrs", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "e77ba7df32924257f92432e7", "source_sha256": "6655d404438acafcde5981355a64a54da48c3baae76b6a510206de4e07b377fe", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-3737faec14f8f30e56350adb", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/1", "start": 11, "end": 101 }, "anchors": [], "level": 3, "content": [ { "text": "The mysterious death of Mahmoud Ibrahim Muhammad Saeed (Chekini)", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-3b92104133d915ab30661820", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/3/0", "start": 106, "end": 131 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1940-1972", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-030c8d344364c7813c508bc8", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/3/2", "start": 137, "end": 264 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/401d8adef28ffd945fd191ae6825c687c9e63724cfabc2619179a04f85ee4ce8.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-78ab5b9f8346228673cd1467", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/3/3", "start": 265, "end": 269 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Researched and compiled by Resoum Kidane; with contribution by Mamanesrit Idris.", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-8bad273a920ba86676d50d7b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/5/0", "start": 399, "end": 425 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "12-02-2018", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-21de6dcbb62d41db961c8300", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/7/0", "start": 440, "end": 842 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Mahmoud Ibrahim Muhammad Saeed (Chekini was born in Keren in 1940 from the Habab tribe of Betasghade family and his great grandfather is kentebay Gergis. Chekini completed his elementary and junior education in Keren, thereafter he moved to Asmara to purse his secondary education at Jalia Arabic secondary school. During his student time he was a good footballer in Keren as well as in Asmara." } ] }, { "id": "b-83228213dba2f54a8019b993", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/9/0", "start": 851, "end": 955 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In the 1950s the youth’s resistance against the violations of the Federal Constitution intensified when " }, { "text": "Amharic ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " became the official language in violation of the Eritrea Constitution which had declared Tigrinya and Arabic as the medium for primary education up to grade four, along with English." } ] }, { "id": "b-982d8bd380cf13613fa5ffa2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/11/0", "start": 1168, "end": 1411 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "During those years secondary school students were also influenced by Ato Woldeab Woldemariam radio programme which was broadcasts from Cairo. The radio programme played a great role in the revival of Eritrean nationalism in the 1950s." } ] }, { "id": "b-e59fdbb7875a1d6d02e031fd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/13/0", "start": 1420, "end": 1722 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Consequently sporadic student strikes became common, especially in Asmara in the 1950s. In 1957 the generation of Chekini actively participated in organizing demonstrations, in protesting the imposition of Amharic in Eritrean schools as the language of instruction, replacing Tigrigna and Arabic." } ] }, { "id": "b-bdc28149ac0ada3164a33ee2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/15/0", "start": 1731, "end": 2057 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "After 1957, Amharic became the most hated subject in schools in Eritrea. Ande Michael Kahassa in his interview recalls when we went to high school in 1959; there was resistance to Amharic in our group. ‘Our favourite method was to eat dried chickpea during class. It was very noisy. We were known as the chickpea market.’" } ] }, { "id": "b-8bbeb12a2155bc3cd56ad9d3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/17/0", "start": 2066, "end": 2566 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "When Chekini studied at Jalia Arabic secondary school, he was recruited by Haraket (MaHber ShewAte) probably between 1959 and 1960. In the late 1950s it was a common phenomena that when students moved to Asmara to pursue their secondary education to be recruited by Haraket (Mahber Shewate) same as Chekini . One of those students was Naizghi Kiflu who came to Asmara from Medefera to purse his secondary education, and became a member of the secret organization known as MaHber ShewAte." } ] }, { "id": "b-34f91d60d971299cf3c8cd42", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/19/0", "start": 2575, "end": 3046 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "After Arabic had been banned in the schools and replaced by Amharic more students had also left Eritrea for the Arab world to study (Connell,483). This could be a reason for Chekini’s father who tried to send his son to Cairo for higher education to study at University. However, on his way to Cairo, Chekini was captured by the Sudanese security service and was put in jail. This could be in the early 1960s. On is release he joined the ELF from Sudan in 1964" } ] }, { "id": "b-13c049b15b59644bc041e87d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/21/0", "start": 3055, "end": 3171 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "It is worth mentioning that in the early 1963 Syria was one of the first foreign supporters of the ELF. According " }, { "text": "Michael (2014)", "href": "https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/32998/ASC-075287668-3671-01.pdf?sequence=1" }, { "text": " twenty ELF fighters got military training in Syria as early as 1963 and completed their training in 1964. " }, { "text": "Dan Connell (2010)", "href": "https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SYsgpIc3mrsC&pg=PA492&lpg=PA492&dq=ELF+FIGHTERS+WENT+FOR+MILITARY+TRAINING+TO+SYRIA&source=bl&ots=_cGYJ6GWH1&sig=VGXjRbNdgZUvCgv3R93dBq8S_X0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiqo7CkjpfZAhVDDsAKHWnwBaUQ6AEIMzAB#v=onepage&q=ELF%20FIGHTERS%20WENT%20FOR%20MILITARY%20TRAINING%20TO%20SYRIA&f=false" }, { "text": " also states that in 1960s approximately 300 Eritreans received military training in Syria ." } ] }, { "id": "b-2dca7798dcb11df3f4b508c6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/23/0", "start": 4016, "end": 4292 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Chekini was one of those fighters who went to Syria for military training at the Military Academy in the Syrian Arab Republic. Based on information obtained from Chekini’s daughter, he was sent for military training to Syria in 1964, after the first batch returned in 1964." } ] }, { "id": "b-1aa00ae1c685f0fab5ac94e6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/25/0", "start": 4301, "end": 4928 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Chekini probably returned from Syria in 1965 when the Supreme Council of the ELF leadership deliberately divided the Eritrean Liberation Army by region and ethnicity through establishing four military zones based on a territorial division in order to control the movement of the fighters and to divide them, weakening the unit which they had built up during Haraket This new military structure instead of minimizing internal disputes, exacerbated the ethnic, religious and personal conflicts, resulting in intensive rivalry between different zones which was cause of inefficiency and disunity among the Zone Commands." } ] }, { "id": "b-b90bdcb3669312401eaa3162", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/27/0", "start": 4937, "end": 5047 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "This period of division in the history of the Eritrean armed struggle (1965-1968) is called Zemene Kiflitat. " }, { "text": "Based ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "on territorial division, Chekini" }, { "text": " ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "who was from Senhit became the political commissioner of Zone Two which represented Sahel and Senhit, the commander of this zone was Omer Hamed Ezaz from Bilen Bet Tawqe family in Hal-Hal." } ] }, { "id": "b-538c84d2b9445de4d2c5afb6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/29/0", "start": 5321, "end": 5531 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "After serving for two years as the political commissioner of Zone two, Chekin and four other political commissioners from Zone one, three, four, and five went for further military training to China in 1967. (" }, { "text": "Larkin, Bruce D, (1971", "href": "https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tUa3rZQL0nkC&pg=PA186&lpg=PA186&dq=In+1966+the+Afro-Asian+Writers%E2%80%99+emergence+eritrea&source=bl&ots=WvZx28g4OY&sig=i7nAOE-LEF0yMvllL3rf2hI-q2g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi86bzLl5fZAhWKKsAKHQLOBwUQ6AEINjAB#v=onepage&q&f=false" }, { "text": ") provides a brief explanation of how the Chinese Communist Party offered this military training for the ELF fighters. According to Larkin, in 1966 at the Afro-Asian Writers’ emergence meeting which was held between 27 June and 9 July, it was resolved to give full support to the “Just war of liberation of the Eritrean people for national independence and sovereignty." } ] }, { "id": "b-96716cff313bac8a69236668", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/31/0", "start": 6315, "end": 6515 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "A year after this meeting as mentioned earlier, the ELF sent five fighters to China to study political ideology and guerrilla warfare at the Nanjing Military College in China, 1967. In this picture " }, { "text": "Mahmoud Ibrahim Chekini ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "standing left to right between Isaias Afwerki and Ramadan Mohammed Nur, other ELF fighters Ahmed Adem Omer. Sitting L-R: 3rd Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed." } ] }, { "id": "b-3ecff4a86eb0761473063a68", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/33/2", "start": 6720, "end": 6847 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/e13e115fc5bff5cd70dc6b5c68e00096997bce96b7583daaa97e96c80cd90d55.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-1c7d94ff749068bf51b70385", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/35/0", "start": 6856, "end": 7085 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "According to his daughter, Chekini also founded the first a music band on the frontline in 1969, which could have been when he returned from China. During that year he was also elected to be a member of the General Command (" }, { "text": "Kiyada", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "-al-Ama) at the " }, { "text": "Adobha Conference in 1969", "href": "/documents/b8757c2b439681d2bb5f46d5/" }, { "text": ". At the Adobha conference all five Zones joined into one united army and a new leadership called the General Command (Kiada al-Ama). This leadership was formed to replace the Cairo-based Supreme Council and the Revolutionary Command liaison in Kassala." } ] }, { "id": "b-f1894f485813c19eadd4c7b5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/37/0", "start": 7506, "end": 7541 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In reaction to the General Command (" }, { "text": "Kiyada", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "-al-Ama) decision to replace the Cairo-based Supreme Council, Osama Salhi Sabbe who was member of the Supreme Council and supporter of Zone Four or the Eastern lowland region spilt from the ELF." } ] }, { "id": "b-44b8e8288dc3a2bbcfac7874", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/39/0", "start": 7765, "end": 7925 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "According to (Iyob) Sabbe announced the formation of a new body the General Secretariat (GS) to replace the discredited Supreme Council. The General Command (" }, { "text": "Kiyada", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "-al-Ama) refused to acknowledge the General Secretariat (GS) and responded by arresting fighters suspected of being adherents of Sabbe and launching a repressive campaign over the eastern lowland (ZONE FOUR) which were viewed as a Sabbe stronghold." } ] }, { "id": "b-ef07a92515340ea9adccfcc0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/41/0", "start": 8201, "end": 8252 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Further after the Adobaha conference the relation " }, { "text": "between Sabba and Idris M.Adem ", "href": "/documents/2d81db8b558c844f8069cbe3/" }, { "text": "became more strained due to conflicts which were generated between 1965 and1969 (zemene-kiflitat). As a result of the rift between " }, { "text": "Sabba and Idris M.Adem", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " all fighters member of" }, { "text": " Zone 4 (Semhar and Dankalia)", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " who supported by Sabbe flee from the ELF persecution in the late 1960s [for further information read " }, { "text": "Osman Saleh Sabbe in his interview", "href": "/documents/2d81db8b558c844f8069cbe3/" }, { "text": "]" } ] }, { "id": "b-2c280317bbdebd4cc7a8e5c2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/43/0", "start": 8877, "end": 8898 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "After Sabbe split the" }, { "text": " ELF", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "-General Command " }, { "text": "held its ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "first National Congress", "href": "https://digitalcommons.ric.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1333&context=facultypublications", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " in Arr, Barka between 14 October and 12 November " }, { "text": "1971 ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "and elect Idres Mohammed Adem chairman who was the main rival of Sabbe." } ] }, { "id": "b-3282d5c28940d4e191308ef0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/0", "start": 9281, "end": 9372 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Members of the 1st Revolutionary Council Democratically Elected at the 1971 Congress", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": ":" } ] }, { "id": "b-c05e12eeaa5dc666fdeb9143", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/45/0", "start": 9281, "end": 9372 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " 1. " }, { "text": "Idris Mohammed Adem, president", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " \n 2. " }, { "text": "Herui Tedla Bairu, first vice president", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " \n 3. " }, { "text": "Abdalla Idris Mohammed, second vice president", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " \n 4. " }, { "text": "Saleh Ahmed Eyay, head foreign office", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " \n 5. " }, { "text": "Mohammed Ismail Abdu, head of coordination", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " \n 6. Ibrahim Mohammed Ali \n 7. Mohammed Osman Izaz \n 8. Ahmed Ibrahim Nafi’e (Halib Sete) \n 9. Mohammed Berhan Abdurahman \n 10. Ahmed Mohammed Nasser \n 11. Tesfai Tekle \n 12. Mohammed Saleh Humed \n 13. Shihem Ibrahim Shihem (later deserted to the enemy)." } ] }, { "id": "b-96182a2033df4a3d51303443", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/47/0", "start": 10040, "end": 10147 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Chekin was also elected to members of the other 19 person Executive Committee by 1st ELF Congress in 1971." } ] }, { "id": "b-6e212785cd9941a13881131e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/49/0", "start": 10156, "end": 10244 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Members of the ‘other’ 19-person Executive Committee Elected by 1st ELF Congress:", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": " \n " }, { "text": "1.", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Idris Toteel, secretary of the ‘other’ Ex. Committee \n 2.Abdulkadir Ramadan \n 3." }, { "text": "Mahmoud Ibrahim Chekini", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "\n 4.Mahmoud Hasab\n 5.Ibrahim Abdalla \n 6.Saed Saleh\n 7.Idris Ali \n 8.Adem Moh. Hamid (Gindifil) \n 9.Omar Haj Idris \n Suleiman Mussa Haj Humed Moh. Saed Kulu \n 12" }, { "text": ".Fitsum Ghebresilassie", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "\n 13.Mohammed Idris Humedai \n 14.Azien Yassin \n 15.Mohammed Nur Ahmed \n 16. Ibrahim Mahmoud Mohammed \n 17. Afa Mohammed Hamid \n 18. Ibrahim Ali Nur\n 19. Omar Mohammed Ahmed" } ] }, { "id": "b-a3b0a4be104283e016ba289e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/51/0", "start": 10878, "end": 11259 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "At the ELF first congress, 1971, the ELF changed its name to the ELF-RC and declared that the Eritrean revolution cannot tolerate the presence of more than one armed organisation in the field. The ELF-RC denounced the dissidents as “counter-revolutionaries”. The ELF-RC declared war to liquidate “the counter-revolution” by force which was the cause for two years of civil war." } ] }, { "id": "b-2aab5eef6bc7fdee3ae87ba2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/53/0", "start": 11268, "end": 11403 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Omer states", "href": "http://awate.com/the-past-future-the-different-views/" }, { "text": " that in 1971 the first National Congress passed a resolution to liquidate other factions mainly the Osman Sabe & Obel groups (" }, { "text": "Omer Jabir", "href": "http://awate.com/author/omar/" }, { "text": ", August 17, 2011). The ELF First National Congress instead avoided any explicit declaration of civil war but passed a resolution setting the stage for civil war on the grounds that ‘the Eritrean field cannot bear more than one organization and one leadership’. The ELF repeated what it said in 1965 when Eliminated HARAKA again in 1971 by passing a resolution that the field couldn't tolerate more than one organization. Herui who was elected vice-chairman of the Revolutionary Council in 1971 Following in his father's footsteps, participated in the decision to liquidate the EPLF in 1972" }, { "text": " (Killon, 1991:251)", "href": "https://www.waterstones.com/book/historical-dictionary-of-eritrea/dan-connell/tom-killion/9780810859524" } ] }, { "id": "b-b7321a16a636f0a4b2cf8dc2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/55/0", "start": 12477, "end": 12503 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "According ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Mamanesrit (Chekini’s daughter)," }, { "text": " her father ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "was a member of the Reconciliation committee before the civil war of 1972, and was also against the civil war. “I think he already knew the consequences of the civil war.”" } ] }, { "id": "b-131326650276646acc158e4b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/57/0", "start": 12747, "end": 13177 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The civil war of 1972-1974 erupted as a result of the rivalry for power between the ELF and EPLF leaders. A battle between the two fronts at Wolki in October 1974 left 600 fighters dead . The two years [1972-1974] of internecine strife between the two movements, caused an estimated 3,000 casualties among the fighters - more deaths among the combatants than the entire thirteen years of government military actions to date ( " }, { "text": "Waal", "href": "https://www.amazon.co.uk/Alexander-De-Waal/e/B001IR1IEG/ref=dp_byline_cont_book_1" }, { "text": " 1991)." } ] }, { "id": "b-42ea0f07b65d5af85ce34d22", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/59/0", "start": 13350, "end": 13626 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The civil war between the rival ELF and EPLF leaders was also used to eliminate their opponent under the pretext of then being martyred in the civil war. According to the ELF, Mahmoud Ibrahim Muhammad Saeed (Chekini) who went to China for training with the first group was " }, { "text": "killed (martyred)", "href": "/documents/1f39c3407985bec97650e4b1/" }, { "text": " during the first Eritrean civil war. However, according to a reliable source" }, { "text": " Chekini", "href": "/documents/0713bdfcc0025281cc8190b7/" }, { "text": " was murdered in the Sahel, 1972. In 2018 also received similar information about his mysterious death from Mamanesrit (Chekini’s daughter), who totally believed that, her father was assassinated by a friend in April the 13th 1972 in the Sahel " }, { "text": "Tuku'e Yehadeg", "href": "/documents/3ecf2c305ae0e4e98322d9f9/" }, { "text": "o who was co founder of Mehaber Showat in Asmara was also one of the victim of the EPLF who was eliminated under the pretext of being martyred during the civil war." } ] }, { "id": "b-f71e59792931402a28975d06", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/61/0", "start": 14471, "end": 14631 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "There was also a similar story about Dr. Fitsum who was shot by his friend in 1972. He joined the ELF from Yugoslavia after passed his PhD in the early 1970s." } ] }, { "id": "b-1d4c8df7e3519309c6dabc83", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/63/0", "start": 14640, "end": 14673 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Dr. Fitsum", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-6e02a6513cc52ca0e0d82350", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/63/1", "start": 14674, "end": 14800 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/95ffaacb2700f760f1d53667979b8aa7ea4fa0ba705a7d2d84da620c8419e8b5.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-3a69bfe8bd90b94a0400fb2c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/65/0", "start": 14809, "end": 14823 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Dr. Fitsum was " }, { "text": "a member of the ‘other’ 19-person Executive Committee Elected by 1st ELF Congress in 1971", "href": "/documents/0713bdfcc0025281cc8190b7/" }, { "text": " and against the civil war like Chekini. I think because both of them had different views from others ELF leaders; eventually they became the scapegoat of the ELF leadership." } ] }, { "id": "b-e9de52378c98318b8c236824", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/67/0", "start": 15201, "end": 15405 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As it is clear from text written in Geez Script below, Dr Fitsum believe in the unity of the two fronts. Here is a piece of information about Dr Fitsum which was posted in facebook by Stefanos Temolso" } ] }, { "id": "b-fd237d9c70b61ee6717751fd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/69/0", "start": 15414, "end": 16292 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ንስዉእ ዶክተር ፍጹም ኣብ ክራማት 1972 ኣብ ከባቢ ሰንዓፈ ረኺበዮ። ሽዑ ጸጕሩ ነዊሕ ኮይኑ፡ ዛዕኰርኰር ዝበለ፡ ምልኩዕ ግን ጸሊም ነይሩ። ኣነ ውዱብ ትሓኤ ኮይነ ምስቲ ሽዑ ዝነበረ ሕንፍሽፍሽ ናይ ህሓሓኤ ዶ ተሓኤ ዝብል ኵነታት፡ ምሳይ ብዝነበሩ ውዱባት በዓል ስዉእ ጎይትኦምን ገረዝግሄርን ወልደርፍኤልን ንዶክተር ፍጹም ብምርካብ ንጹር ሓበሬታ ንምምጻእየ ተላኢኸ። ዶክተር ፍጹም፡ ምስ ገለ ሓሙሽተ ዝኾኑ ብጾቱ ኣብ ሓደ በዓቲ መሳሊ ቦታ ኢና ተራኺብና። መልእኽቱ ብሓጺሩ ከምዚ ዝብል ነይሩ። ኣብዚ እዋንዚ ዘድሊ ህዝቢ ምንቃሕ ማለት ጸላእቱ መነመን ምዃኖም ከም ዝፈልጥ ምግባር'ዩ። ካብዚ ወጻኢ \"ኢ ዲኻ ፒ\" ዝብሃል ማለት ተሓኤ ዲኻ ህሓሓኤ ዲኻ ዝብል ዘረባ ክተልዕሉዎ የብልኩምን። ዝብል ምኽርን ሓበሬታን ከምኡውን መጽሔታት ሂቡ ኣፋንዩኒ። ምሳይ ናብቲ ቦታ መሪሑኒ ዝኸደ ኣማኒኤል ፋቶሪኖ ሰታዮ ዝነበረ ኮይኑ ነቲ መጽሔታት ባዕሉ ኣብ ኣውቶቡስ ኣንቢሩዎስ ኣስመራ ምስ በጻሕና ኣረኪቡኒ። ኣማኒኤል ክሳዕ ሕጂ ኣበይ ከም ዘሎ ደሃይ የብለይን። ዶክተር ፍጹም ከም ዝተሰውአ ምስ ሰማዕኩ መሪር ሓዘን ተሰሚዑኒ። ድሒረ ኣብርሃለይ ክፍለ ከም ዝቐተሎን መራሕ ቲ ጀብሃ ብረት ክፍትን ከሎ ተባሪዓቶስ ትሰዊኡ ዝብል ዘረባ ከም ዝፈነዉ ፈሊጠ። ጠንቂ መቕተሊኡ ስምረት ክልቲኡ ውድባት ኣይተርፍንዩ ይብል ስለ ዝነበረ እዩ። ብሰንኪ መራሕቲ ክልቲኡ ውድባት መንእሰያት ሃገር ክሳዕ ሕጂ ይጸንቱ ኣለዉ። source" }, { "text": " facebook", "href": "https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1370849239607129&set=a.1370849179607135.1073742027.100000461993205&type=3&theater" } ] }, { "id": "b-20fceec2361a43b70ed57b70", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/71/0", "start": 16515, "end": 16824 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Checkini’s daughter adds that those who have conspired in the assassination of Chekini are alive and live in Stockholm, Sweden. She tried to investigate why he was murdered and asked a few people but they didn’t want to say anything. According CHEKINI’s daughter he left a testament with unkown person." } ] }, { "id": "b-ffc83d1caccabf1f73619aad", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/73/0", "start": 16833, "end": 17071 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The mysterious circumstances of the death of Mahmoud Ibrahim Muhammad Saeed (Chekini) are similar to the death of Tuke who became the victim of his own organization, the EPLF. As can be seen from the table below they had similar lives." } ] }, { "id": "b-afbae4cba6f91df42fc74d9a", "type": "record-list", "source": { "path": "/75/1", "start": 17085, "end": 19046 }, "anchors": [], "caption": [], "records": [ { "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/0", "start": 17104, "end": 17495 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/0/1", "start": 17115, "end": 17131 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/0/3", "start": 17139, "end": 17305 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-22a3f1e69508805c6cf50b70", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/0/3/0/0/0", "start": 17154, "end": 17157 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tuku", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-356d26c4b57009cdd54e1dc1", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/0/3/0/0/2", "start": 17163, "end": 17287 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/61cd7dbf6d733b05443078a1e91310d6c1ef9998cee62cd8a9ccb2764850726d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/0/5", "start": 17313, "end": 17485 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-e8f5461800170c14e96c3de9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/0/5/0/0/0", "start": 17328, "end": 17334 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Chekeni", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-0bb5de4681e4ee3459296e5e", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/0/5/0/0/2", "start": 17340, "end": 17467 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/401d8adef28ffd945fd191ae6825c687c9e63724cfabc2619179a04f85ee4ce8.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/2", "start": 17501, "end": 17646 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/2/1", "start": 17512, "end": 17548 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-6fe172817184771abc92e5b6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/2/1/0/0", "start": 17519, "end": 17539 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Born", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [ { "text": "Tuku", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/2/3", "start": 17556, "end": 17592 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-6f6911dc07b3ce090b8b1312", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/2/3/0/0", "start": 17563, "end": 17583 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1940", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [ { "text": "Chekeni", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/2/5", "start": 17600, "end": 17636 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-e519f810fec4ef20ab41b483", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/2/5/0/0", "start": 17607, "end": 17627 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1940", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/4", "start": 17652, "end": 17809 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/4/1", "start": 17663, "end": 17700 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-628b8e14d864c7378a39a6a4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/4/1/0/0", "start": 17670, "end": 17691 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Study", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [ { "text": "Tuku", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/4/3", "start": 17708, "end": 17746 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-944563eed36b61234cf17d2c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/4/3/0/0", "start": 17715, "end": 17737 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Asmara", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [ { "text": "Chekeni", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/4/5", "start": 17754, "end": 17799 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-31d8e81389005e5d88aa0061", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/4/5/0/0", "start": 17761, "end": 17790 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Asmara, Keren", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/6", "start": 17815, "end": 17982 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/6/1", "start": 17826, "end": 17873 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-25019c9dff4f9ba130995e0d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/6/1/0/0", "start": 17833, "end": 17864 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Football player", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [ { "text": "Tuku", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/6/3", "start": 17881, "end": 17919 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-d711f694b44a24eee898aee0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/6/3/0/0", "start": 17888, "end": 17910 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Asmara", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [ { "text": "Chekeni", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/6/5", "start": 17927, "end": 17972 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-1ffe6bca3d374d8da5549b96", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/6/5/0/0", "start": 17934, "end": 17963 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Asmara, Keren", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/8", "start": 17988, "end": 18153 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/8/1", "start": 17999, "end": 18035 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-8abce2a0fbd978773cc419a7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/75/1/1/8/1/0/0", "start": 18006, "end": 18026 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1958", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { 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I became aware of Chekini assassination in 2007, when I received an e-mail with brief information along with his picture from his niece. In 2018, I again heard a similar more detailed account from his daughter which I decided to include in this document on his mysterious death. In the history of the Eritrea Revolution, there are still questions to be answered about ELF and " }, { "text": "EPLF fighters who were killed in suspicious circumstances", "href": "/documents/0f566634bea4d4337741294c/" }, { "text": ".Some of them were very well-known liberation fighters: Abraham Tewolde, Tuku Yihedogo, Weldenkel Haile (Wedi-Haile), , Isayas Tewelde ( Wedi-Flansa), Fisehye Woldegebrel . and Ibrahim Afa from the EPLF side . Dr Fistum, CHEKINI from the ELF side." } ] }, { "id": "b-4c78d00000542f5f42383c67", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/77/5/0", "start": 20296, "end": 20456 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The mysterious death of veteran fighters like Ande Michael Kahassa did not begin after liberation by the PFDJ but has roots going back to the 1960s and 1970s." } ] }, { "id": "b-1001a9468e01d3da14d55f0c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/77/7/0", "start": 20467, "end": 20615 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Leaders of the ELF and EPLF along with their collaborators who have been involved in eliminating innocent fighters during the liberation era will " }, { "text": "be harshly judged history!", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-14c07d1e17233d27dbbf35ac", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/77/7/2/0", "start": 20673, "end": 20798 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/ca46dda6d83eb1c92cba8e23c6ef7d2c8ead32bb77d8bad3523ab5ed2ae2c61f.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-1ca0058bc3c65cac4932b02c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/77/9/0", "start": 20816, "end": 20881 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Eternal glory to our martyrs", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ], "anchors": {}, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/85", "start": 21391, "end": 22023 }, "text": "ehrea.org © 2004-2017. 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(Life under PFDJ) Monday, 01 March 2010 03:38 Mussie Hadgu Introduction by the editor Mussie Hadgu has been relating to us ", "original_sha256": "56a69a332255f54ee3b5830d99a133b82a34033f2310b7d724a1e4890ce22fae" }, { "field": "date", "value": "Monday, 01 March 2010 03:38", "source_excerpt": "bour, Death and a Father Searching for his Son (Life under PFDJ) Monday, 01 March 2010 03:38 Mussie Hadgu Introduction by the editor Mussie Hadgu has been re", "original_sha256": "56a69a332255f54ee3b5830d99a133b82a34033f2310b7d724a1e4890ce22fae" } ], "text": "Stories from Underground Prison in Eritrea: Torture, Madness, Slave Labour, Death and a Father Searching for his Son (Life under PFDJ) Monday, 01 March 2010 03:38 Mussie Hadgu Introduction by the editor Mussie Hadgu has been relating to us his horrifying experience of Life under the PFDJ. In the first instalment of this series, he described the inhumane condition of Adersesr prison (otherwise known as Hadish Measker) near the border to Sudan, under the title of Torture, Suffering and Imprisonment. This time he relates to us the fate of five prisoners in the same prison, gives us a glimpse of the kind of life that the youth of Eritrea are living under the PFDJ rule, under the title of Suffering, Madness, Death and a Father Searching for his Son. The third and last instalment, one that describes his experience in Sawa, will follow up soon. Torturing prisoners Life under PFDJ Life under PFDJ Life under PFDJ Beating and tying up the prisoners was a normal daily phenomenon. While making us work hard labour or while herding us outside to relieve our wastes, they used to beat us stating the prisoners did not behave according to the orders and instructions of the officers. But the most serious torturing happens to those who attempt to escape, which at times led to loss of life. The case of escapees: Issa, Saleh and others Two months before my arrival to the prison, about 30 of the prisoners got organized and attempted to escape collectively when they were out to relieve their wastes. The guards called for reinforcement and the prison guards together with the reinforcement units which came with land cruiser pick ups mounted with machine guns chased the escaping prisoners and shot them on sight. About 15 of them managed to escape; three were killed on the spot; and many others were wounded. The condition of one of the wounded was extremely critical to the extent the prisoners counted him with the dead. His name is Issa. However, despite the several bullets he sustained, this guy survived. He was referred to Keren central hospital of the Ministry defence in which he underwent surgical operations and received treatment under the intensive care unit. Nevertheless he lost his kidney, his one foot was permanently disabled and his other foot was damaged to certain extent. Because many of the bullets he sustained were in his abdomen, he underwent abdomen surgical operation. It was a surprising moment to the prisoners when he was returned to the prison after recovery because the prisoners had assumed him dead. One day after he was returned to the prison he was transferred (on the 15th of May 2001) together with about 50 prisoners to Sawa military training camp (including myself). No one can really imagine how this guy was supposed to survive the gruelling military training in Sawa. In another incident, shortly before my arrival at the prison, a man named Saleh from the village of Setimo, a village west of Tesseney, had attempted to escape but he was caught by the prison guards. They beat him severely for almost a week and tied him up regularly for days – this include tying him up his four limbs together and hanging on the tree for hours on a daily basis until his arms had become almost paralysed. But gradually he improved with time. He was also made to remain behind from his batch when they were transferred to Sawa just to be transferred with us. Another incident as it was narrated to me by the prisoners is one group of six men who were on duty preparing meal because it was their turn that day. Five of them designed a plan how to escape but one person from the group refused to join them and the five escaped. The prison guards tortured him by beating and tying him up for long hours for not reporting to the prison guards about the plan of the escapees. According to the narration of the prisoners, he was in extremely bad condition physically and psychologically as the result of the torturing. We were also collectively punished and tortured when the prisoners, out of anger and frustration, threw shoes at the entrance door of the underground cell. When the prisoners beat the door, it made noise. Though the prison guards knew well because of the darkness we can not see who did it, the guards used to ask us to indicate those who did the throwing. In such cases, the guards (particularly one named Idris) entered the cell holding torches (to light the underground) and clubs/rods and made us lie on our abdomen on the floor and beat us on our buttocks. As we used to wear only underpants, the beating was extremely painful and left wounds/scars. Whenever we anticipated that the prison guards were preparing to enter the cell to beat us, we adopted a coping strategy to deal with the beating and reduce its effect. The strategy is to quickly add dress; those who had Jeans would wear them fast. But one had to be very quick and need to do it with one or two minutes otherwise the prison guards would arrive before your dressing is complete and would beat you more if they saw you doing that. Some times after beating us they would take us outside and make us roll on the ground. Rolling while you are naked and covered with sweat is painful and makes the body dirty and muddy for there was no water to wash until the next Sunday, the only day allowed for bathing. The Death of kibrom: the result of inhumane treatment and denial of access to medical care Kibrom was from Mendefera town; he was about 20 years old and was a student. Unaware of the new movement restrictions that the government had introduced shortly, he travelled to Tesseney. His movement card was his student ID card. While there was no problem all over his way until Tesseney, he was arrested at the military check point that is erected at the entrance of Tesseney. After being held for some time in Tesseney military prison, he was transferred to Aderser prison. By the time I arrived at the Aderser prison, he had been in that prison for more than one month. Kibrom was one of the few prisoners who were relatively not depressed as the others by the conditions in the prison. He was energetic, active and funny. He used to entertain us by making jokes. But two weeks after my arrival, his health started to deteriorate as a result of the extremely harsh prison living conditions. In Aderser military camp there was a clinic that used to provide medical services to the border surveillance unit. At the prison camp there were only two national service recruits (a lady and man) with a very basic medical knowledge who had been assigned to provide first aid health services both to the prison personnel and the prisoners. The health personnel had no appropriate medical equipment and materials as well as no authority to admit prisoner patients to the clinic on the basis of their professional judgment of the patients’ conditions. Admitting of prisoner patients to the clinic is subject to the approval of the prison officers who often reject admission recommendations by the health personnel to the clinic. Only extremely critical cases had been admitted to the clinic. As the result of these incompetent practices, Kibrom lost his life. Initially Kibrom had extreme fever; he was sleeping next to me. The prison health personnel were supplying him some tablets such as paracetamol. But this did not help him. In 3-4 days time his health dramatically deteriorated; later he was also infected with diarrhoea; he started to lose his consciousness particularly when he was asleep. During the night when he touches me I could feel it was hot like furnace and because I could not tolerate the touching of his hot body I was not able to sleep (while still alive but ill). After 5-6 days he started relieving his wastes on his clothes. He was not also taking food. We reported about his deteriorating conditions to the health personnel. Noting his conditions, the health personnel collaborated and extended their support to him by providing him accommodation to sleep with them (as the temperature is relatively better outside than in the underground cell and there is fresh air outside) and supplied him food from their own rations which were relatively better than the food provided to the prisoners. Later in that night, the prison officer (now I forgot his name) who was next in rank to “Wedi Granite” in authority learned that the health personnel had collaborated with the patient and he was very much angry that Kibrom had been staying outside the underground cell. He threatened the health personnel with punishment for their actions and ordered Kibrom to be returned to the underground cell. When they told him that he was under extremely critical condition and he was very likely to die if he would not be admitted immediately to the clinic and that retuning him to the underground cell would put his life in danger, the officer’s reply was “Let him die; return him to the underground cell”. They returned him to the underground cell immediately. The next day, in afternoon, when he was virtually dead, they admitted him to the clinic. He died immediately after he arrived at the clinic. The story of Misgina Tesfaldet Mengistab Misgina Tesfaldet Mengistab is from the village of Hazega, Maekel zone (former Hamasien awraja). He is the nephew of Bereket Mengistab, the famous Eritrean singer. He was mentally disabled. Once he was rounded up and taken to Sawa military training camp to be recruited in the national service. But he was exempted as mentally disabled person by the ministry of defence medical board at Sawa. However, after coming by bus until Akurdat (about 172 km of Asmara) he continued his trip westwards on foot until he reached the Eritrean-Sudanese border area north of Girmaika, where he was arrested by the Sudanese armed forces and handed over to the border surveillance unit. The border surveillance unit put him in the prison of Aderser ,which is under their administration, accusing him of leaving the country illegally. He was about 30 years old at that time. He had no proper clothing. When I arrived in the prison, he had been held in that prison for more than 2 months and was transferred to Sawa together with me after additional one more month in the prison. In the sleeping arrangements inside the underground cell, he was placed near the gate (note that this was only part of the underground that got sufficient light when the door was open during the day time and deem light when the door was closed while the other parts of the underground cell are dark even when the door was open. During the day time, the prisoners rushed to sit near the entrance gate so as to get light where Misgana was placed. There were some youngsters (18 -20 years old) who liked to play and make funs. These people used to make fun of Misgina until they irritated him; to a point where he reacted violently. Among the things they used to do were physical abuse him and sing the song of Bereket Megistab (“ab kramat ab hagai zegesha temelesen do kulen behafesha”) – this song was deliberately selected because Bereket Mengistab is his uncle. However, Mesghina used to react only to physical abuses and the resulting humiliations. I remember one day he threw a shoe to those who mocked him but missed the target and hit an innocent person. As the person who was injured reported to the prison guards, the prison guards beat Misgina severely. As it is the practice in that underground cell to put off clothes and wear underpants only, Misgina used to spend his time naked because he had no underpants. We used to spend the time on the prison on our underpants in order to reduce the effect of the extremely hot temperature. As a result, the beatings had harsher effects on him. The story of Shewit Gebrehiwet Shewit Gebrehiwet was from the Debub region from the Meraguz area (From Seraye awraja). He was a student. During the school break in January, 2001, Shewit was arrested at the check point of Tesseney on his way to Aligeder to see his father, who was working with one of the government construction companies as a mason. After being held in Tesseney military prison for a certain time, he was transferred to Aderser prison. The most disappointing thing about Shewit is that there was no communication, and hence no exchange of information, between the father and the family until the end of April 2001 when the father visited his family during the Easter holiday. During Shewit’s absence, the family assumed Shewit was with is father and his father was not aware that Shewit had ever planned to visit him and thus assumed that his son was with the family. During the Easter festivities, Shewit’s family was mourning for their beloved son and brother. As the prison of Aderser was new and located in an isolated area, the general public did not have any knowledge of its existence. After a long search and lot of efforts his father got a hint of the existence of Aderser prison. Now the main challenge was how to come to the prison camp to ask for his son’s whereabouts, since visiting prisoners was itself considered a crime. The border surveillance unit officers usually ask the following questions to visitors:” Who told you that there is a prison in this camp? Are you sure the person you are looking for is here? Who told you of his presence in this prison?” Answering these questions openly and honestly puts at risk both the information providers and the visitor himself. Gebrehiwet (Shewits father) had a relative from the reservist army in the camp working as a mason, who probably tipped him about his son’s whereabouts. Gebrehiwet then approached the commanders of the border surveillance unit in their Aderser office to check for him if his son was actually present in their prison. Realizing the risk of his search, he made it clear to them that his main concern is the lack of information of the whereabouts of his son and not his detention. The military officers put forward to him the above mentioned questions and threatened him that unless he provided them the information on how he came to know about the existence of the prison, he would face its consequences. Finally, they told him that there was no prison in that camp and ordered him to go back, and that otherwise they would take severe actions against him. Nevertheless, after his relative confirmed to him about the existence of the prison, he decided to stay with his relative and look for his son clandestinely when the prisoners get out for work. One day, one group of us was out and was offloading cement and Gebrehiwet, accompanied by his relative, came to the store where the cement was offloaded and closer to the truck from which the cement was being offloaded. As the father has a great similarity with his son, the prisoners themselves asked him if he was Shewits’s father and gave him the necessary information about Shewit; however their discussions were cut short by the prison guards. The prison guards realised only at later stage that Gebrehiwet was not a member of the camp and had come to seek information about his detained son. thus dismissed him from the place. The next day one group of the prisoners which included me and Shewit was taken to the clinic by truck to offload medical materials. Gebrehiwet and his relative saw the truck while going to the clinic and realized that it was carrying prisoners hence waited the truck on the road when it was returning and coincidentally the truck driver was stopped by some body near the place where Shewit’s father was waiting. Gebrehiwet instantly recognized his son and Shewit recognized his father. His father run towards the truck calling his son by his name and reached the truck. When Shewit moved to get down of the truck to greet his father, the prison guard (named Idris) prevented him and ordered the driver to move. However, we, all the prisoners shouted at him and the driver replied to him “This is his father; why do you deny him the right to greet his father?” Then he allowed them to shake hands from where they were, i.e. the son from the truck bending down and extending his hand and the father from the ground. They also exchanged information for about five minutes. However, the relative was able to meet Shewit in other days while Shewit was out to work and explained to him all the difficulties which his father had experienced in the search of his son. Prisoners and forced labour The camp was constructed using the labour force of the prisoners and the reservist army (as they are called “Ukur Serawit in Tigringa”). Reservist army equally provided both the skilled and unskilled labour force whilst the prisoners provided mainly unskilled labour. The skilled labour included masonry works. The types of work that we were undertaking were: collecting stones and transporting them to the building sites loading and offloading of food supplies and construction materials such as cement- particularly the offloading and loading of cement was the worst thing we had to experience because our bodies were wet with sweat, the cement dust become cement paste and then solidifies making cement pellets on our body including our heads. This was aggravated by the lack of water to wash our bodies. We had to wait until the next Sunday to wash our bodies and clothes. Some times water was made available to wash only our hands, feet and faces after work. Construction of buildings in which we were engaged in mixing cement, sand and gravel and supplying it to the masonry workers/builders. Toilet digging and construction: the experts in the design and construction of the toilets were the Sudanese prisoners of war. The Sudanese were also experts in making stools (in Tigrigna “Member”) that is made up of wood and rope made from palm leaves. The prison guards and officers benefited by forcing the Sudanese prisoners of war to make them stools for their private use. This story of Aderser prison reflects the facts on the ground only until the time I was there – I only stayed for about one month in that prison from the 17th of April to the 15th of May 2001. According to the information I got from eye witnesses that were held in that same prison in the subsequent years, the prison had been enlarged and expanded; 5 of the Sudanese prisoners of war managed to escape and one recaptured while attempting to escape. By 2004 there were 6 underground cells and hundreds of prisoners. Also the scope and mandate of the prison was expanded. In 2001, the prison administered military prisoners from the border surveillance unit and civilian prisoners that were alleged of plotting to cross to Sudan or being caught while crossing to Sudan. Also there were no questioning and torturing of the prisoners for the purpose of extracting information- that was the practice in 2001. Contrary to 2001, in the subsequent years, most prisoners that have been arrested in Gash Barka, whether they are civilians or military personnel, either suspected of plotting to go to the Sudan or for other reasons were held in this prison, they were tortured and questioned. Finally those who were civilians were transferred to Sawa training camp and the national service recruits and other military people to other prisons such Truck B prison in Asmara and Meeter in Northern Red Sea Zone. Source: http://www.asmarino.com/eyewitness-account/577-stories-from-underground-prison-in-eritrea-torture-madness-slave-labour-death-and-a-father-searching-for-his-son-life-under-pfdj", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "ebd2f3bbbd74cd29eaf4e9f6", "source_sha256": "3cec11ce633e4b9c626f5a93afbef17cc8834306adb6e024109f9868218d94c0", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-64d1b7b648cd0beb011a64d5", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/1", "start": 171, "end": 565 }, "anchors": [ "source-ja-container", "source-ja-mainbody", "source-ja-current-content", "source-ja-pathway" ], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "Stories from Underground Prison in Eritrea: Torture, Madness, Slave Labour, Death and a Father Searching for his Son (Life under PFDJ)", "href": "http://www.asmarino.com/eyewitness-account/577-stories-from-underground-prison-in-eritrea-torture-madness-slave-labour-death-and-a-father-searching-for-his-son-life-under-pfdj" } ] }, { "id": "b-4309cb4365143bf77dad9e98", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/3/1/1/0", "start": 620, "end": 676 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Monday, 01 March 2010 03:38 Mussie Hadgu" } ] }, { "id": "b-f59901fcd9e0d746e35c21b8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/1/0", "start": 1763, "end": 1805 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Introduction by the editor", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " " } ] }, { "id": "b-f4bcc65b80a41aadda8c7abb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/1/0", "start": 1763, "end": 1805 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " Mussie Hadgu has been relating to us his horrifying experience of " }, { "text": "Life under the PFDJ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": ". In the first instalment of this series, he described the inhumane condition of Adersesr prison (otherwise known as " }, { "text": "Hadish Measker", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": ") near the border to Sudan, under the title of " }, { "text": "Torture, Suffering and Imprisonment.", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " This time he relates to us the fate of five prisoners in the same prison, gives us a glimpse of the kind of life that the youth of Eritrea are living under the PFDJ rule, under the title of " }, { "text": "Suffering, Madness, Death and a Father Searching for his Son", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": ". " } ] }, { "id": "b-3fe3a3227d80bf4c0743ae3b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/1/0", "start": 1763, "end": 1805 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " The third and last instalment, one that describes his experience in Sawa, will follow up soon." } ] }, { "id": "b-d13a4463201a95f9942e2bc5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/3/0", "start": 2594, "end": 2636 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Torturing prisoners", "marks": [ "strong", "underline" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-38503707f15b6d26a7be0285", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/5/1/0", "start": 2680, "end": 2848 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Life under PFDJ" } ] }, { "id": "b-da36ac3f68912917ab3bca22", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/5/1/2/0", "start": 2871, "end": 2885 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Life under PFDJ" } ] }, { "id": "b-511c1bff6c1587cf0138dbf2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/5/3/0", "start": 2929, "end": 2943 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Life under PFDJ" } ] }, { "id": "b-c680bb215f88e95be677985c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/6", "start": 2967, "end": 3370 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Beating and tying up the prisoners was a normal daily phenomenon. While making us work hard labour or while herding us outside to relieve our wastes, they used to beat us stating the prisoners did not behave according to the orders and instructions of the officers. But the most serious torturing happens to those who attempt to escape, which at times led to loss of life." } ] }, { "id": "b-d635dee794f6852745a47ae8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/7/0", "start": 3374, "end": 3434 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The case of escapees: Issa, Saleh and others", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-22c6a441914d9d96c710caaa", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/9/0", "start": 3456, "end": 3938 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Two months before my arrival to the prison, about 30 of the prisoners got organized and attempted to escape collectively when they were out to relieve their wastes. The guards called for reinforcement and the prison guards together with the reinforcement units which came with land cruiser pick ups mounted with machine guns chased the escaping prisoners and shot them on sight. About 15 of them managed to escape; three were killed on the spot; and many others were wounded." } ] }, { "id": "b-e016f3c0ea6e065919c4bdff", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/11/0", "start": 3959, "end": 4869 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The condition of one of the wounded was extremely critical to the extent the prisoners counted him with the dead. His name is Issa. However, despite the several bullets he sustained, this guy survived. He was referred to Keren central hospital of the Ministry defence in which he underwent surgical operations and received treatment under the intensive care unit. Nevertheless he lost his kidney, his one foot was permanently disabled and his other foot was damaged to certain extent. Because many of the bullets he sustained were in his abdomen, he underwent abdomen surgical operation. It was a surprising moment to the prisoners when he was returned to the prison after recovery because the prisoners had assumed him dead. One day after he was returned to the prison he was transferred (on the 15th of May 2001) together with about 50 prisoners to Sawa military training camp (including myself)." } ] }, { "id": "b-2a12cbb03e50aa853b4c1f10", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/13/0", "start": 4890, "end": 4993 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "No one can really imagine how this guy was supposed to survive the gruelling military training in Sawa." } ] }, { "id": "b-77ad63107c1b0114c46b945b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/15/0", "start": 5014, "end": 5598 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In another incident, shortly before my arrival at the prison, a man named Saleh from the village of Setimo, a village west of Tesseney, had attempted to escape but he was caught by the prison guards. They beat him severely for almost a week and tied him up regularly for days – this include tying him up his four limbs together and hanging on the tree for hours on a daily basis until his arms had become almost paralysed. But gradually he improved with time. He was also made to remain behind from his batch when they were transferred to Sawa just to be transferred with us." } ] }, { "id": "b-54f53475d1dec0783e2dbace", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/17/0", "start": 5619, "end": 6180 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Another incident as it was narrated to me by the prisoners is one group of six men who were on duty preparing meal because it was their turn that day. Five of them designed a plan how to escape but one person from the group refused to join them and the five escaped. The prison guards tortured him by beating and tying him up for long hours for not reporting to the prison guards about the plan of the escapees. According to the narration of the prisoners, he was in extremely bad condition physically and psychologically as the result of the torturing." } ] }, { "id": "b-c49c7bcb267c49ab2fced032", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/19/0", "start": 6201, "end": 7593 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "We were also collectively punished and tortured when the prisoners, out of anger and frustration, threw shoes at the entrance door of the underground cell. When the prisoners beat the door, it made noise. Though the prison guards knew well because of the darkness we can not see who did it, the guards used to ask us to indicate those who did the throwing. In such cases, the guards (particularly one named Idris) entered the cell holding torches (to light the underground) and clubs/rods and made us lie on our abdomen on the floor and beat us on our buttocks. As we used to wear only underpants, the beating was extremely painful and left wounds/scars. Whenever we anticipated that the prison guards were preparing to enter the cell to beat us, we adopted a coping strategy to deal with the beating and reduce its effect. The strategy is to quickly add dress; those who had Jeans would wear them fast. But one had to be very quick and need to do it with one or two minutes otherwise the prison guards would arrive before your dressing is complete and would beat you more if they saw you doing that. Some times after beating us they would take us outside and make us roll on the ground. Rolling while you are naked and covered with sweat is painful and makes the body dirty and muddy for there was no water to wash until the next Sunday, the only day allowed for bathing." } ] }, { "id": "b-22ef2adbda30d708a30c8dcc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/21/0", "start": 7614, "end": 7727 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The Death of kibrom: the result of inhumane treatment and denial of access to medical care", "marks": [ "strong", "underline" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-b301d926d6046c288855b54b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/23/0", "start": 7749, "end": 8657 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Kibrom was from Mendefera town; he was about 20 years old and was a student. Unaware of the new movement restrictions that the government had introduced shortly, he travelled to Tesseney. His movement card was his student ID card. While there was no problem all over his way until Tesseney, he was arrested at the military check point that is erected at the entrance of Tesseney. After being held for some time in Tesseney military prison, he was transferred to Aderser prison. By the time I arrived at the Aderser prison, he had been in that prison for more than one month. Kibrom was one of the few prisoners who were relatively not depressed as the others by the conditions in the prison. He was energetic, active and funny. He used to entertain us by making jokes. But two weeks after my arrival, his health started to deteriorate as a result of the extremely harsh prison living conditions." } ] }, { "id": "b-60b5fcdcc983d546a67362b3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/25/0", "start": 8678, "end": 9479 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In Aderser military camp there was a clinic that used to provide medical services to the border surveillance unit. At the prison camp there were only two national service recruits (a lady and man) with a very basic medical knowledge who had been assigned to provide first aid health services both to the prison personnel and the prisoners. The health personnel had no appropriate medical equipment and materials as well as no authority to admit prisoner patients to the clinic on the basis of their professional judgment of the patients’ conditions. Admitting of prisoner patients to the clinic is subject to the approval of the prison officers who often reject admission recommendations by the health personnel to the clinic. Only extremely critical cases had been admitted to the clinic." } ] }, { "id": "b-208ecdc4f475fabc86d5cc5c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/27/0", "start": 9500, "end": 10270 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As the result of these incompetent practices, Kibrom lost his life. Initially Kibrom had extreme fever; he was sleeping next to me. The prison health personnel were supplying him some tablets such as paracetamol. But this did not help him. In 3-4 days time his health dramatically deteriorated; later he was also infected with diarrhoea; he started to lose his consciousness particularly when he was asleep. During the night when he touches me I could feel it was hot like furnace and because I could not tolerate the touching of his hot body I was not able to sleep (while still alive but ill). After 5-6 days he started relieving his wastes on his clothes. He was not also taking food. We reported about his deteriorating conditions to the health personnel." } ] }, { "id": "b-4c1ea61462d24648b3a3bceb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/29/0", "start": 10291, "end": 11569 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Noting his conditions, the health personnel collaborated and extended their support to him by providing him accommodation to sleep with them (as the temperature is relatively better outside than in the underground cell and there is fresh air outside) and supplied him food from their own rations which were relatively better than the food provided to the prisoners. Later in that night, the prison officer (now I forgot his name) who was next in rank to “Wedi Granite” in authority learned that the health personnel had collaborated with the patient and he was very much angry that Kibrom had been staying outside the underground cell. He threatened the health personnel with punishment for their actions and ordered Kibrom to be returned to the underground cell. When they told him that he was under extremely critical condition and he was very likely to die if he would not be admitted immediately to the clinic and that retuning him to the underground cell would put his life in danger, the officer’s reply was “Let him die; return him to the underground cell”. They returned him to the underground cell immediately. The next day, in afternoon, when he was virtually dead, they admitted him to the clinic. He died immediately after he arrived at the clinic." } ] }, { "id": "b-3091a443b9a29545d6659ee2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/31/0", "start": 11590, "end": 11653 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The story of Misgina Tesfaldet Mengistab", "marks": [ "strong", "underline" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-b4578ed23fd944c65365ca68", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/33/0", "start": 11675, "end": 12504 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Misgina Tesfaldet Mengistab is from the village of Hazega, Maekel zone (former Hamasien awraja). He is the nephew of Bereket Mengistab, the famous Eritrean singer. He was mentally disabled. Once he was rounded up and taken to Sawa military training camp to be recruited in the national service. But he was exempted as mentally disabled person by the ministry of defence medical board at Sawa. However, after coming by bus until Akurdat (about 172 km of Asmara) he continued his trip westwards on foot until he reached the Eritrean-Sudanese border area north of Girmaika, where he was arrested by the Sudanese armed forces and handed over to the border surveillance unit. The border surveillance unit put him in the prison of Aderser ,which is under their administration, accusing him of leaving the country illegally." } ] }, { "id": "b-4960b04066df6533ca2e4414", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/35/0", "start": 12525, "end": 13647 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He was about 30 years old at that time. He had no proper clothing. When I arrived in the prison, he had been held in that prison for more than 2 months and was transferred to Sawa together with me after additional one more month in the prison. In the sleeping arrangements inside the underground cell, he was placed near the gate (note that this was only part of the underground that got sufficient light when the door was open during the day time and deem light when the door was closed while the other parts of the underground cell are dark even when the door was open. During the day time, the prisoners rushed to sit near the entrance gate so as to get light where Misgana was placed. There were some youngsters (18 -20 years old) who liked to play and make funs. These people used to make fun of Misgina until they irritated him; to a point where he reacted violently. Among the things they used to do were physical abuse him and sing the song of Bereket Megistab (“ab kramat ab hagai zegesha temelesen do kulen behafesha”) – this song was deliberately selected because Bereket Mengistab is his uncle." } ] }, { "id": "b-c0f0e6e4a555267417b5288e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/37/0", "start": 13668, "end": 14310 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "However, Mesghina used to react only to physical abuses and the resulting humiliations. I remember one day he threw a shoe to those who mocked him but missed the target and hit an innocent person. As the person who was injured reported to the prison guards, the prison guards beat Misgina severely. As it is the practice in that underground cell to put off clothes and wear underpants only, Misgina used to spend his time naked because he had no underpants. We used to spend the time on the prison on our underpants in order to reduce the effect of the extremely hot temperature. As a result, the beatings had harsher effects on him." } ] }, { "id": "b-868cf4ca0e55540edf98fc64", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/39/0", "start": 14331, "end": 14384 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The story of Shewit Gebrehiwet", "marks": [ "strong", "underline" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-c61cba013e530cba826dcab4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/41/0", "start": 14406, "end": 15272 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Shewit Gebrehiwet was from the Debub region from the Meraguz area (From Seraye awraja). He was a student. During the school break in January, 2001, Shewit was arrested at the check point of Tesseney on his way to Aligeder to see his father, who was working with one of the government construction companies as a mason. After being held in Tesseney military prison for a certain time, he was transferred to Aderser prison. The most disappointing thing about Shewit is that there was no communication, and hence no exchange of information, between the father and the family until the end of April 2001 when the father visited his family during the Easter holiday. During Shewit’s absence, the family assumed Shewit was with is father and his father was not aware that Shewit had ever planned to visit him and thus assumed that his son was with the family." } ] }, { "id": "b-7d2ac6f4db267f2b2efeea82", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/43/0", "start": 15293, "end": 16609 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "During the Easter festivities, Shewit’s family was mourning for their beloved son and brother. As the prison of Aderser was new and located in an isolated area, the general public did not have any knowledge of its existence. After a long search and lot of efforts his father got a hint of the existence of Aderser prison. Now the main challenge was how to come to the prison camp to ask for his son’s whereabouts, since visiting prisoners was itself considered a crime. The border surveillance unit officers usually ask the following questions to visitors:” Who told you that there is a prison in this camp? Are you sure the person you are looking for is here? Who told you of his presence in this prison?” Answering these questions openly and honestly puts at risk both the information providers and the visitor himself. Gebrehiwet (Shewits father) had a relative from the reservist army in the camp working as a mason, who probably tipped him about his son’s whereabouts. Gebrehiwet then approached the commanders of the border surveillance unit in their Aderser office to check for him if his son was actually present in their prison. Realizing the risk of his search, he made it clear to them that his main concern is the lack of information of the whereabouts of his son and not his detention." } ] }, { "id": "b-8463077de163130c48908ab5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/45/0", "start": 16630, "end": 17851 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The military officers put forward to him the above mentioned questions and threatened him that unless he provided them the information on how he came to know about the existence of the prison, he would face its consequences. Finally, they told him that there was no prison in that camp and ordered him to go back, and that otherwise they would take severe actions against him. Nevertheless, after his relative confirmed to him about the existence of the prison, he decided to stay with his relative and look for his son clandestinely when the prisoners get out for work. One day, one group of us was out and was offloading cement and Gebrehiwet, accompanied by his relative, came to the store where the cement was offloaded and closer to the truck from which the cement was being offloaded. As the father has a great similarity with his son, the prisoners themselves asked him if he was Shewits’s father and gave him the necessary information about Shewit; however their discussions were cut short by the prison guards. The prison guards realised only at later stage that Gebrehiwet was not a member of the camp and had come to seek information about his detained son. thus dismissed him from the place." } ] }, { "id": "b-a9b9ec9cdd67ec6039d5d354", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/47/0", "start": 17872, "end": 19149 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The next day one group of the prisoners which included me and Shewit was taken to the clinic by truck to offload medical materials. Gebrehiwet and his relative saw the truck while going to the clinic and realized that it was carrying prisoners hence waited the truck on the road when it was returning and coincidentally the truck driver was stopped by some body near the place where Shewit’s father was waiting. Gebrehiwet instantly recognized his son and Shewit recognized his father. His father run towards the truck calling his son by his name and reached the truck. When Shewit moved to get down of the truck to greet his father, the prison guard (named Idris) prevented him and ordered the driver to move. However, we, all the prisoners shouted at him and the driver replied to him “This is his father; why do you deny him the right to greet his father?” Then he allowed them to shake hands from where they were, i.e. the son from the truck bending down and extending his hand and the father from the ground. They also exchanged information for about five minutes. However, the relative was able to meet Shewit in other days while Shewit was out to work and explained to him all the difficulties which his father had experienced in the search of his son." } ] }, { "id": "b-4216ea3bddfd734b598611a6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/49/0", "start": 19170, "end": 19220 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Prisoners and forced labour", "marks": [ "strong", "underline" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-68efdf1fda20ba33a744605f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/51/0", "start": 19242, "end": 19350 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The camp was constructed using the labour force of the prisoners and the reservist army (as they are called “" }, { "text": "Ukur Serawit", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " in Tigringa”). Reservist army equally provided both the skilled and unskilled labour force whilst the prisoners provided mainly unskilled labour. The skilled labour included masonry works." } ] }, { "id": "b-8a21226959a7b7210b1e5484", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/53/0", "start": 19584, "end": 19639 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The types of work that we were undertaking were", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": ":" } ] }, { "id": "b-df11a545d071d426ee0a7344", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/55", "start": 19658, "end": 20905 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-9471a98040b210391a4c27fd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/55/1/0", "start": 19681, "end": 19741 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "collecting stones and transporting them to the building sites" } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-8bf34771a8eecce3bcaa5a1f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/55/3/0", "start": 19766, "end": 20314 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "loading and offloading of food supplies and construction materials such as cement- particularly the offloading and loading of cement was the worst thing we had to experience because our bodies were wet with sweat, the cement dust become cement paste and then solidifies making cement pellets on our body including our heads. This was aggravated by the lack of water to wash our bodies. We had to wait until the next Sunday to wash our bodies and clothes. Some times water was made available to wash only our hands, feet and faces after work." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-dbcdf140ff968f2fd47c89b2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/55/5/0", "start": 20339, "end": 20474 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Construction of buildings in which we were engaged in mixing cement, sand and gravel and supplying it to the masonry workers/builders." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-f81ddf8f1fdd69d180043462", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/55/7/0", "start": 20499, "end": 20882 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Toilet digging and construction: the experts in the design and construction of the toilets were the Sudanese prisoners of war. The Sudanese were also experts in making stools (in Tigrigna “Member”) that is made up of wood and rope made from palm leaves. The prison guards and officers benefited by forcing the Sudanese prisoners of war to make them stools for their private use." } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-1688af1fcba6848d9041b184", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/59", "start": 20937, "end": 22602 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-264c306509802cb02d814ec0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/59/1/0", "start": 20959, "end": 22375 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "This story of Aderser prison reflects the facts on the ground only until the time I was there – I only stayed for about one month in that prison from the 17th of April to the 15th of May 2001. According to the information I got from eye witnesses that were held in that same prison in the subsequent years, the prison had been enlarged and expanded; 5 of the Sudanese prisoners of war managed to escape and one recaptured while attempting to escape. By 2004 there were 6 underground cells and hundreds of prisoners. Also the scope and mandate of the prison was expanded. In 2001, the prison administered military prisoners from the border surveillance unit and civilian prisoners that were alleged of plotting to cross to Sudan or being caught while crossing to Sudan. Also there were no questioning and torturing of the prisoners for the purpose of extracting information- that was the practice in 2001. Contrary to 2001, in the subsequent years, most prisoners that have been arrested in Gash Barka, whether they are civilians or military personnel, either suspected of plotting to go to the Sudan or for other reasons were held in this prison, they were tortured and questioned. Finally those who were civilians were transferred to Sawa training camp and the national service recruits and other military people to other prisons such Truck B prison in Asmara and Meeter in Northern Red Sea Zone." } ] } ] }, { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-ae7b84b1f06840917ad9c305", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/5/59/3/0", "start": 22398, "end": 22580 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Source: http://www.asmarino.com/eyewitness-account/577-stories-from-underground-prison-in-eritrea-torture-madness-slave-labour-death-and-a-father-searching-for-his-son-life-under-pfdj" } ] } ] } ] } ], "anchors": { "ja-pathway": "source-ja-pathway", "ja-container": "source-ja-container", "ja-mainbody": "source-ja-mainbody", "ja-current-content": "source-ja-current-content" }, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/2/1/1/1/1/3/1/3/1/0", "start": 1093, "end": 1229 }, "text": "", "text_sha256": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855", "reason": 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"method": "preserved-source-title" }, "editorial_title": false, "title_review_required": false, "alternate_titles": [ "Prisoners Death Records since 2001" ], "language": "mixed", "author": null, "byline": null, "byline_role": null, "date": null, "metadata_evidence": [], "text": "Prisoners Death Records 1887-1941Prisoners of Nakura[text] Il carcere di Nocra in Eritrea[video clip] [ History of Nakura prison 1887-1941 video clip] 1950s-1990s Alem bekagn 1970s-1990s 1975-1990s Halewa Sewra in picture, the most criminal and notorious organ within the EPLF . [enlarge picture] Maryam Ghimbi Asmara’s most notorious political prison, used by the Derg The crimes against innocent civilians and fighters were not begun in 2001 by the PFDJ but has roots going back to the 1960s by the ELF, to the1970s by the ELF & EPLF and to the1980s by the EPLF [Find more information]. Ghirmay Yeibi in his article \" Half a century of misery and with no end in sight which was posted to asmariino.com on 31 May 2012 wrote the Eritrean struggle from inception was not a struggle for democracy, justice and lasting peace. The heinous and perpetual crime perpetuated by the fronts(ELF& EPLF] on the people in the 30 years of its journey and which has been continued with greater intensity since independence for the last 20 years, points to one and only one direction. [ Read more] Prisoners from 1991-2001 List of Known Detention Facilities in Eritrea ዝርዝር አስማት አብያተ ማእሰርቲ ኤርትራ Elias Teklu, a journalist and writer who became the first victim of the government of Ethiopia in the 1950s should also be remembered on the 18th of September. Elias Teklu, the correspondent of the newspaper ‘Dehai Eritrea’, was imprisoned by the government of Ethiopia in 1954 and then taken to Alem Bekage prison former central prison in Addis Ababa where he died. [ Read more ] ጋዜጠኛ መንእሰይ ዮሴፍ ገብረህወት ካብ ኣዲስ ኣበባ ኣብዚ ዝሓለፈ ክልተ ሰሙን ከምዝተሰወረ, 2012 Brief information on some prisoners who died in the PFDJ prisons since 2001-2012 From EHREA archive collections compiled by Resoum Kidane The Eritrean Revolution: Born of a Shifta father, produced a Shifta system [read more] We are harvesting what we planted ERA-ERO-PRISONERS UPDATE-20 ግንቦት 2012[ንሞት ዶ ትጽበያ!] Era’eRo Prison guard reveals his shocking account Six Eritrean political leaders have died in prison: ex-guard [Part 1] HRCE's Elsa Chyrum Interviews Eyob Bahta ( Ex Eiraeiro Prison-Guard video) Part 2] HRCE's Elsa Chyrum Interviews Eyob Bahta ( Ex Eiraeiro Prison-Guard video) Era-Ero Prisoners Fessshaye Yohannes Reporter and co-founder of the newspaper, Setit Taha Moh.Nur Taha Mohammed Nur Co-Founder of ELF, died in prison Arrested September 2001 Arrested November 2005 Died: Feb. 2008 Died: 2003 Place: Prison camp Caused: torture and medical negligency Place :Eiraeiro prison camp Caused of death: torture, climactic condition and medical negligency.He made several unsuccessful attempts to commit suicide, finally, he was found hanged in his cell in 2003 Medhanie Assistant chief editor and co-founder of the newspaper, Keste Debena Arrested September 2001 Died: Feburary 2004 Place: Eiraeiro prison camp Caused of death: torture, climactic condition and medical negligency Adago Au Died: 2001? Place: Underground Prison (Bunker) Caused of death: torture and medical negligency y Husen Yusuf Died: 2001? Place Place:Underground Prison (Bunker) Caused of death: torture and medical negligency Adago Auka Died On August 19, 2002 Caused of death torture Capt. Ahmed Sheik Feres Arrested 2007 Died 2010 readmore Yusuf Mohammed Chief editor of the newspaper, Tsigena.Arrested September 2001.Died: June 13,2006.Place: Eiraerio prison camp.Caused of death: torture, climactic condition and medical negligency JIMI'E KMEIL Journalist at Eritrea Al Hadeetha. Arrested in Asmara on 24 November 2005. A recent report claimed he was one of four prisoners who were executed extrajudicially on the night of 22-23 August 2007 Said Abdulkader Chief editor of the newspaper, Admas The following five (5) individuals were executed at the direct orders of the chairman, Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman. Read more Arrested September 2001 Died: March 14, 2004 Place: Eiraerio prison camp Caused of death: torture, climactic condition and medical negligency.He committed suicide in 2004, Name of prisioners who died at Adolay´s prison camps in Gash Setite. ብዕለት 26/04/2007 ካብ ማእከላይ ቤ/ጽ ሃገራዊ ድሕነት ናብ መንደፈራ ቤ/ጽ ስለያ ስርሒት ዞባ 03 ኣርበዓ (40) ሊትሮ ሲያናይድ (Cyanide) ዝተብሃለ ከሚካል ተላኢኹ፡፡ ዕለት 27/04/2007 ኣብ ማይ ድማ ዝተኣኻቡ 26 እሱራት ኣብ ቀጽሪ ቤ/ማእሰርቲ ስለያ ክ/ሰ 25 ሓሙሽተ (5) ሜትሮ ዕምቀት ዘለዎ ንማይ ዝኾን ባስካ ጉድጓድ ክኹዕቱ ተኣዚዞም፡፡ ሰዓት 10፡00 ምሸት ኩሎም እሱራት ካብ ዝነበሩዎ ካሜራ ክወጹ ተገይሮም ናብቲ ጉድጓድ ክኣትው ተገደዱ፡፡ ሜጀር ተኽለብርሃን ሓጎስ (ወዲ ዓይነይ)፡ ሜጀር በረኸት ወልደገብሪኤል (ከውሒ--ስታፍ ስለያ ክ/ሰ 25) ዝመርሕዎም ምሩጻት ኣባላት ስለያ ስርሒት ዞባ 03 ነቲ ከሚካል ብጥንቃቀ ሒዞም ናብቲ ጋህሲ ምኽዓው ቀጺሎም፡፡ ኣብዛ ዕለት 26 ዜጋታትና ከም ኣናጹ ብከሚካል ተሰሚሞም ብዘይድምጺ ጸኒቶም፡፡ እቶም ዜጋታት ዝስዕቡ’ዮም፡፡ readmore Fitewrari Hedad Kerar Abo Sunabera Debena He wasw arrested in October 2001 Briefly arrested in June 2001 and was freed from the 2nd police station in Asmara in March 2004, reportedly on account of severe ill-health and arthritis, for which he received inadequate medical treatment Source AI readmore Died on Saturday 9/2008 Read more Thereafter he was placed under house arrest. Died 05/03Read more Zer'u Beidu. . Arrested by the Eritrean government's security in 2006. [] Released in May 2014 severely disabled, suffering memory loss and speech impairment. Died on 31 August 2014 as a result of the torture he suffered in prison. ፍጻመ እድሪስ መሓመድ ዓሊን ብጾቱን እድሪስ መሓመድ ዓሊን ብጾቱን ---ኣብ ጸላም ዝጸልመቱ ከዋኽብቲ ካልኣይ ክፋል Jeilani Al'amin Jeilani Al'amin – officer in the Asmara Traffic Police (formerly with the Immigration office). He was arrested in November 2005 together with scores of other citizens including the well-known musician Idris Mohammed-Ali. According to a recent report by an Eritrean Facebook page (SACTISM), he died in his prison cell due to lack of medical attention and was secretly buried in the vicinity of Deki Nazo on the road to Dekemhare. The killing machine: from round-ups to death camps ሰለሙን ሃብቶም 2017 ብምልካዊ ስርዓት ኢሳይያስ ብ 10 ሓምለ 2003 ካብ ዝእሰር ብዘይ ክስን ፍርድን ን 14 ዓመታት መመላእታ ኣብቲ ጽኑዕ ቤትማእሰርቲ ምልካዊ ስርዓት ኢሳይያስ፣ ካርሼሊ፣ ክሳቐ ዝጸንሐ ዳይረክተር ጀነራል ተለኮሙኒኬሽን ነበር ተጋዳላይ ሰለሙን ሃብቶም፣ ሎሚ ንጉሆ 18 ነሓሰ ኣብ ቤትማእሰርቲ ከምዝተሰውአ ምንጭታት ሓቢሮም። እቲ ዕድሚኡ መወዳእታ ሱሳታት ዝበጽሕ፣ ኣብ ፈለማ 1970ታት ናብ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ሓርነት ኤርትራ ተሰሊፉ ኣብ ሓርነታዊ ቃልሲ ንናጽነት ከም ሓላፊ ‘ምልክት’ መራኸቢታት ኮይኑ ስለ ሃገር ግቡኡ ዝፈጸመ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ፣ ስድራቤቱ መስዋእቱ ኣብ ዝፈለጡሉ ህሞት ብዛዕባ ምኽንያት መስዋእቱ ብቑዕ ሓበሬታ ኣይተዋህቦምን። read more Ahmed Kakay 2015 on 10 June 2005, 161 youth were killed at Wia prison camp. Name of 48 prisioners who were killed at Adi-Abeito prison on 4 November 2004 \"In Dahlak, every day someone died. The food was very little and there was no medical attention. No one cares for prisoners. While I was there about 25 percent died from lack of medication and the bad conditions\".read more Asmourom Kifle, Tama Kefelay, and Awat Habtezgee and other prisoners in Dahlak, Salih Kekiya Ministry of Transport Arrested in September 2001 Died: June 9, 2003 Place: Eiraerio prison camp Caused of death: torture, climactic condition and medical negligency Senait Debessay Senait Debessai was arrested on Nov 14, 2003 [ Lemin-Leminey :Senait Debesay video clip)] Report on Senait Debessai Senait Debessai: Senseless Imprisonment 5 Years [14 November 2008 } Died:29 January 2009 Caused of death: torture, climactic condition and medical negligency Estifanos Seyoum Arrested in September 2001 Died: September 28,2007 Place: Eiraerio prison camp Caused of death: torture, climactic condition and medical negligency Astier Fissehatsion Director in the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs Arrested September 2001 Died: June 13, 2003 Place: Eiraerio prison camp Caused of death: torture, climactic condition and medical negligency Yirga Yosief Students at the University of Asmara Arrested August 10, 2001 Died: August 14, 2001 Place:Wia detention camp Caused of death:heatstroke Paulos Kidane Germano Nati Berhane Gebregziabeher Mattewos Habteab Journalist with the Amharic-language service of state-owned Eri-TV Arrested November 12, 2006 Place: underground prison beneath the No. 5 police station Died: June 2007 Caused of death: Killed [ read more] Arrested in September 2001 Died: March 17, 2008 Place: Eiraerio prison camp Caused of death: torture, climactic condition and medical negligency Arrested in September 2001 Died: June 20, 2002 Place: Imbatkala Caused of death:He was executed on court decision on June 20, 2002 . This was recommended by Naizghi Kiflu Death certificate] Editor of of Meqaleh Arrested in September 2001 Place: Eiraerio prison camp The death of Mattewos Habteab was reported by Eyob Bahta Habtemariam Read more DATE DETAINED: 18-09-2001 DETENTION CODE: 250-251-525 DATE OF DEATH: 19-07-2007 REASON FOR DEATH: CHRONIC ILLNESS REMARKS: DETAINEE HAS A CHRONIC KIDNEY CONDITION. AFTER HE DEVELOPED A HIGH BLOOD P BEEN RECEIVING CONTINOUS INTENSIVE MEDICAL CARE. HIS REFUSAL TO UNDERGO A SURGERY HIS DEATH IN DETENTION. NAME OF OFFICER IN CHARGE: L.COLONEL ISSACK ARAYA SIGNED 20-07-2007 source All but two of the 11 former senior government officials of Eritrea confirmed dead Beraki Gebreselassie Mamad Hamid Mamad Head of the Arabic (Middle East) Department in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Arrested September 2001 Died: July 11, 2005 Place: Eiraerio prison camp Caused of death: torture, climactic condition and medical negligency Mohmud Sherifo Former Vice-President Arrested September 2001 Died: June 6, 2003 Place: Eiraerio prison camp Caused of death. His death is attributed due the lack of urgent medical treatment. Ogbe Abraha Formerly Chief of Staff of the Defence Force Arrested September 2001 Died: July 13, 2002 Place: Imbatkala Caused :General Okbe Abraha attempted suicide; his life was saved after receiving urgent medical treatment that lasted for three months in Glass, a military hospital 15 km. west of Keren. However, his health condition farther exacerbated as he was already battling with asthma, which lead to his death shortly after his return to Embatkala in 2002 Tesfa Girorghis Administrator Tsorona subzone Arrested September 2001 Died: 4/3/2004 Place: Eiraerio prison camp Caused of death: torture, climactic condition and medical negligency.He committed suicide Sahle Tegezeab Head of the Civil Actions (Non-Criminal Cases) Arrested September 2001 Died: January 2005 Place: Eiraerio prison camp Caused of death: torture, climactic condition and medical negligency Yemane Tekie ኣሮን ታደሰ Aron Tadese Students at the University of Asmara ድሕሪ ፍጻሜ ስርሒት ፎርቶ ብዘይግሉጽ ምኽንያት ተኣሲሩ ዝጸንሐ ተጋዳላይ ኣሮን ታደሰ ዓሪፉ። ተጋዳላይ ኣሮን ታደሰ ዝተሓየረሉ እዋን፣ ጽባሕ ስርሒት ፎርቶ ብጅምላ ዝተኣሰሩ ላዕለዎት ሰበስልጣን ዝርከቡዎም ሓያለ ተጋደልቲ ደሃይ ዘይብሎም ኣብ ምስጢራዊ ኣብያተ ማእሰርቲ ምልካዊ ስርዓት ኢሳይያስ ይሓቁ ከምዘለዉ ይፍለጥ። readmore Arrested August 10, 2001 Died: August 14, 2001 Place:Wia detention camp Caused of death:heatstroke Azieb Simon Arrested Arrested in 2007 Teklesenbet Gebreab Kiflom Place: Place: Wi'a Military Training Center Died: Died ?/2008 (age 36) Died: Died 07/2008 (age 37) Caused of death:malaria [ Read more] Place: Place: Wi'a Military Training Center Caused of death:malaria[ Read more] Nigisti Haile Moges Solomon Arrested in early 2006. Arrested in 2003 Died on 15 February 2007 (age 30) Died on 5 September, 2007 (age 33) Place: Wia army training camp near the port of Massawa Place: Adi-Nefase army camp near the port of Assab ኢብራሂም ማሕሙድ Ibrahim Mohamed Azelto [ኢብራሂም ማሕሙድ ዓዘልቶ][ Full story] Arrested 1992 Died on 4 October 2009 Place Adi Quala Prison Tesfaledet Seyoum Hana Hagos Asgedom Arrested September 2001 Died: on 26 December 2008 Read more On Jan. 24,2010 Hana Hagos Asgedom, 41, became the eleventh believer to die in these detention centers. Asgedom suffered a heart attack while being held in solitary confinement at Alla Military Cam.Read More Ahaw Ali Halo Ahaw Ali Halo, 1965 - 2016 Ahaw Ali Halo, former prisoner (13 years) of the Isayas regime and former chairman of Dankalia's regional assembly, passed away, today, 20 May 2016 | Born in 1965 in Afambo, Dankalia | Joined the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) at the age of 16 and was wounded in a battle with the Ethiopian army. He was subsequently sent to Syria for treatment and allowed to continue his education | In 1994 he Graduated in political science from Damascus University and soon returned to Eritrea. (While in Syria, he was member of the ELF-affiliated Eritrean Union of Students) | In 1997 he was elected to the regional assembly of Southern Red Sea and became its chairman | On 17 May 1999, he was arrested in his office in Assab and taken to Tahadiso detention center south west of the city | Interrogated and tortured for 71 days at Tahadiso where he lost consciousness twice | After 71 days at Tahadiso he was flown to Asmara in a state of severe physical impairment and was taken to a prison known as the 6th Station (which served as a branch of Wenjel Mrmera/ Karcheli prison) | He was subsequently moved to Karcheli and again to Sembel prison | He was released from prison on 5 February 2012 | Soon he escaped from Eritrea and joined the Eritrean resistance as a member of the Red Sea Afar Democratic Organization | In retaliation, the regime arrested his father, Ali Halo, a community leader in Dankalia (and chairman of the people's committee in Dankalia that supported the independence struggle, 1976-1980) and subjected him to torture. Mr. Ali Halo died on 15 May 2013 a few months after his release fro prison Last year, the late Ahaw gave an interview to Adoulis_com in which he detailed his 13-year ordeal as a prisoner of the Eritrean regime ( ፍቓዱ ደበሳይ ፍቓዱ ደበሳይ ዝተባህለት ኣደ ሰለስተ ቆልዑ ዝኾነ ኣማኒት ጴንጠ ቆስጣል ክርስትና፣ ዝሓለፈ ሰሙን ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ መትከል ኣብዮት ከም ዝሞተት ተሓቢሩ። ክርስትያን ሶሊዳሪቲ ዎርልድ ዋይድ ዝተባህለ ኣህጉራዊ ትካል ኣብ ዝዘርግሖ ሓበሬታ፣ ኣብ ወርሒ ግንቦት ናይዚ ዓመት'ዚ፣ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ኣብ ዓዲ ዃላ፣ ኣብ ናይ ገዛ ጸሎት ኣብ ልዕሊ ዝነበሩ ኣመንቲ ጴንጠ ቆስጣል ክርስትና ድሕሪ ዘካየዶ ናይ ምህዳን ዘመተ'ያ ፍቓዱ ደበሳይን በዓል ቤታን ዝርከቦም ሓያሎ ሰባት ተኣሲሮም። እዛ ኣደ ሰለስተ ቆልዑ ምዃና ዝተሓበረተ ፍቓዱ፣ ኣብ መንጎ ጋሕተላይን ሽዕብን ኣብ ዝርከብ ኣጻምእ መትከል ኣብዮት ነዚ ዝሓለፈ ዝሓለፈ ሰለስተ ኣዋርሕ ተኣሲራ ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ'ያ ዝሓለፈ ሰሙን ዓሪፋ። ስነ ስርዓት ቀብራ ድማ ብሓሙስ 10 ነሓሰ ኣብ መንደፈራ ተፈጺሙ።readmore Two Elderly Witnesses Die in Eritrean Prison. Two of Jehovah’s Witnesses, Habtemichael Tesfamariam and Habtemichael Mekonen, died in the Mai Serwa Prison near Asmara in early 2018. Both had been arrested and imprisoned in the summer of 2008 for their religious beliefs and suffered through nearly a decade of harsh prison conditions. Mr. Tesfamariam died suddenly at the age of 76 in the Mai Serwa Prison on January 3, 2018. His fellow prisoners believe that he suffered a stroke. Mr. Tesfamariam was born in 1942 in Adi Yakulu, Mendefera, Eritrea. He became one of Jehovah’s Witnesses in 1970 and refused to compromise his faith, despite unjust imprisonment and maltreatment. He is survived by his wife, Leterberhan Bezabih; four sons; and three daughters. Mr. Mekonen died at the age of 77 in the Mai Serwa Prison on March 6, 2018. His fellow prisoners believe that he died of kidney failure. Mr. Mekonen was born in 1940 in the village of Kudo Felasi in southern Eritrea. He became a Witness well over 55 years ago and, like Mr. Tesfamariam, refused to compromise his faith, even though he was imprisoned without cause and mistreated. He is survived by his wife, Mihret Ellias, as well as a son and a daughte readmore Yemane Kahasay Andom Senait Oqbazgi Habta Yemane Kahasay Andom Died: on 23 July 2009 43-year-old Yemane Kahasay Andom died on 23 July 2009 and reportedly is secretly buried in the camp. Read more Senait Oqbazgi Habta, 28, died on 23 April 2010 in the Sawa Military Training Centre in Eritrea where she had been detained for some two years.Read More Mogos Hagos Kiflom Christian Deaths Climb in Eritrean Prisons Seble Hagos Mebrahtu Mogos Hagos Kiflom, 37 Died: on January 2009 read more ASMARA, Eritrea (Worthy News)-- After two weeks of torture, Seble Hagos Mebrahtu, 27, died in the military training center in Sawa, Eritrea, on January 1. Reportedly, Mebrahtu was refused medical treatment for malaria and died soon after. Although it was unclear as to how long she was imprisoned in Sawa, sources state she was arrested for reading a Bible in her own bedroom. Read more Terhase&Ferewine Dawit Isaak Terhase Gebremichel Andu, 28, and Ferewine Genzabu Kifly, 21, died as the result of starvation and untreated health problems, confidential sources inside Eritrea told Open Doors. Andu died on Oct. 16,2011 and Kifly died one week later on Sunday. Both were arrested during a prayer meeting in 2009 at a private home in Tesenai, according to Open Doors. They faced two years of physical torture and were denied medical care inside Adersete Military Camp. Christian women die in Eritrea following hunger strike Dawit Isaak ‘may be dead’ Swedish-Eritrean journalist Dawit Isaak, who has been imprisoned in Eritrea since 2001, has been moved from prison and may be dead, according to Swedish journalist Lars Adaktusson. read more [ Eritrean-born journalist Dawit Isaak awarded UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize 2017] ሲራጅ ኢብራሂም ሲራጅ ኢብራሂም መሓመድ ኪያር [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ 26] ዕድሚኡ ከባቢ 63 እዩ። ደረጃ ትምህርቱ ድማ ቢኤ ዲግሪ። ናብ ሜዳ ዝተሰለፈሉ ብ1969/70 ኮይኑ፡ ፈለማ ኣባል ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት…፡ ደሓር ድማ ተጋደላይ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ኮይኑ እዩ ናብ ናጽነት ኣትዩ። ድሕሪ ናጽነት ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ-ምክልኻል ኣባል መኮንን-ጥዕና ኮይኑ ይሰርሕ ነበረ። ብድሕሪ እዚ ግዜ እዚ፡ ኣብ ሱዑዲ-ዓረብ ከም -ዲፕሎማት- ሃገረ-ኤርትራ ኮይኑ እዩ ኣገልጊሉ። በዓልቲ ቤቱ ወ/ሮ ጽገሬዳ በየነ ተኽለሚካኤል ገዲም ተጋዳሊት ህ-ግ-ሓ-ኤ እያ።። ብተለምዶ ‹ዶክተር ሲራጅ› ተባሂሉ ዝፍለጥ ‘‘ተጋ/ ሲራጅ ኢብራሂም’’ ብዕለት 19/09/2001 ካብ ሆቴል TOP FIVE ኣስመራ ብኣባላት ጸጥታ ተዓፊኑ ተወሲዱ፡ ኣብ እምባትከላ ኣትዩ ብድሕሪኡ ናብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ቀጺሉ። ልክዕ ኣብ 10 ዓመቱ ኣብ ወርሒ 9/2011 ድማ ብሰንኪ ግፍዓዊ ማእሰርቲ ጉጅለ ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ►ተሰዊኡ። ኪሮስ ተስፋንኪኤል(ኪሮስዓወር) ኪሮስ ተስፋንኪኤል(ኪሮስዓወር) [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ 21] ዲም ተጋዳላይ ኪሮስ ዓወር፡ ኣብ ሜዳ ፋርማሲስት ኮይኑ ይሰርሕ ኔሩ። ድሕሪ ናጽነት ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ ቱሪዝም ዳይረክተር ጀነራል ኮይኑ ተመዱቡ ክሰርሕ ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ፡ ንዝለዓለ ትምህርቲ ናብ ኣሜሪካ ተላኢኹ ብ International Relations ማስተሩ ሰሪሑ ተመልሰ’ሞ፡ ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ ወጻኢ ጉዳያት ኮይኑ ተመዲቡ ከም ዝሰርሕ ዝተገበረ ኣዚዩ በሊሕ ተጋዳላይ ምንባሩ ይፍለጥ። ሓደ እዋን ሓደ ታሪኻዊ ቃል ንወዱ ‘‘ንፍቕረ’’ ገሊጹሉ እዩ ሓሊፉ። «,,,ፍቕረ ወደይ ንሕና ብኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ ተገዚእና ኢና ኣቲና፡ ንስኻ ከኣ ብኣብርሃም ኢሳይያስ ከይትግዛእ ሓደራ…!!» ከምዝበሎ ይፍለጥ። ወርሒ 9/2011 ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ድማ ►ተሰዊኡ። Mehari Gebreneguse Asgedom ኣቶ ምስግና ገብረትንሳኤ Mehari Gebreneguse Asgedom,42 Died: on January 2009 read more ኣቶ ምስግና ገብረትንሳኤ ዝተባህለ ኣቦ 5 ቆልዑ፡ ኤርትራዊ ኣማኒ ጅሆባ፡ ብሰንኪ ሃይማኖታዊ እምነቱ፡ ንሰለስተ ዓመታት መመላእታ ኣብቲ ዊዓ ዝብሃል ግኑን ቤትማእሰርቲ ስርዓት ህግደፍ ንሰለስተ ዓመት ክሳቐ ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ ብሰንኪ ሕማቕ ኣተሓሕዛ ብ19 ሓምለ 2011 ከምዝዓረፈ ምንጭታት ሓቢሮም።Read more Mesfin Gebrekristos, Angesom Teklom Caused of death: Meningitis. Eritrea (MNN) ― Open Doors says at least seven prisoners held at Wi'a Military camp in Eritrea have died in an outbreak of meningitis. By the time the government relocated the prisoners and staff to Mitire Military Concentration Camp, at least one of them, Mesfin Gebrekristos, was among those who succumbed to both weakened health and the illness. Mesfin was a believer who spent the last year imprisoned for his faith. Read more Angesom Teklom Habtemichel, 26, who was imprisoned at Adi Nefase Military Camp in Asab, died at the end of August, 2011 officials with the ministry said. He suffered from severe malaria but was “denied medical treatment because of his written refusal to recant his Christian faith.” Yosief Kebedom ኣቶ ኣማኑኤል ተኪኤ፡ ኤርትራ፡ ሓደ ብእምነቱ ዝተኣሰረ ውልቀ ሰብ ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ህይወቱ ሓሊፉreadmore Yosief Kebedom Gelai, a recently converted single Christian, died in Medefera July 5.2013readmore ሓላፊ ምቍጽጻር ወተሃደራት ከተማ ኣስመራ ዝነበረ ኣቶ ኣማኑኤል ተኪኤ ኣብ ቤትማእሰርቲ ህግደፍ ሞይቱ፡ ኣማውትኡ ዝሓተቱ ኣባላት ቤተሰቡ ድማ ተኣሲሮም። Read more Mass deaths in Wi’a concentration/training camp ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዘለዉ ኤርትራውያን፣ ብተላገብቲ ሕማማት ይሳቐዩ እቶም ዝሞቱ እሱራት፣ ገራሪ ገያ ዕድመ 34 ዓመት፣ ኪኒ ሉዊጂ ዕድመ 37 ክልቲኦም ካብ ብሄረ ኩናማ ክኾኑ እንከለዉ፣ እቲ ሳልሳይ፣ ሳሙኤል ጸጋይ ዝተባህለ ወዲ 22 ዓመት ከኣ ኣባል ሓይልታት ምክልኻል ኤርትራ እዩ። Read more BREAKING NEWS ሚኒስተር ወጻኢ ጉዳያት ነበር ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ሃይለ ወልደትንሳኤ (ድሩዕ) ኣብ ዒራዒሮ ተሰዊኡ፡፡ ካብ 18 መስከረም 2001 ጀሚሩ ኣብ ትሕቲ ምድሪ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዒራዒሮ ንኣስታት 17 ዓመታት ተቐይዱ ግዳይ ዝተፈላለዩ ሕማማት ብምኻን ክሳቐ ዝጸንሐ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ሃይለ ድሩዕ፡ ብዕለት 25 ጥሪ 2018 ለይቲ ካብዛ ዓለም ተፈሊዩ፡፡ ብምስምስ “ጉጅለ-15” ኣብ ጎዳጉዲ ዒራዒሮ ክብሩን ታሪኹን ተባሕጊጉ ብመለለዬ ቁጽሪ 4 ክርቋሕ ዝጸንሐ ድሩዕ፡ ብሕማማት ሽኮርያ፡ ጸቕጢ ደምን ኩሊትን ክሳቐ ዝጸንሐ ኮይኑ፡ ካብ 2009 ንነጀው ድማ ክልቲኡ ኣዒንቱ ዓዊሩ መሓውራቶ ጠሊምዎ፡ ኣብ ጸልማት ሸላ ተቐይዱ ክሳቐ ጸኒሑ እዩ፡፡ ሰኣን ግቡእ ሓገዝን ክንክንን ብዘስካክሕ ኩነታት በቢ ሓደ ናብ መቓብር ከምርሑ ዝጸንሑ ኣባላት “ጉጅለ -15” እንሆ ኣብ መወዳእታ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ድሩዕ ተሓዊስዎም ኣሎ፡፡ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ሃይለ ወልደተንሳኤ ዕቕቡ (ድሩዕ)፡ ከምቶም ካልኦት ብጾቱ ንቡር ተሓሪሙ፡ ብዕለት 26 ለይቲ ኣብ ሰናጭሮ ዒራዒሮ ብኸውሊ ዝተቐብረ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ሓለዋ ካብ ዝነበሩ ኣባላት ሚኪኤለ ወረደ፡ ትንስኡ ተወልደ፡ ዑስማን ዑመርን መድሃኔ መሓሪን ዝተብሃሉ ሓመድ ኣዳም ከምዘለበስዎ ተፈሊጡ ኣሎ፡፡ ንስድራቤቱን መላእ ህዝቢ ኤርትራን ጽንዓት ይሃብኩም ይሃበና እንዳበልኩ ተወሳኺ ዝርዝር ሓበሬታ ከምዘስዕበልኩም በዚ ኣጋጣሚ ክገልጽ እፈቱ፡ ብቅይዱ ከይዱ መን ከም ሃይለ ድሩዕ! ኣቦ ቃልሲ! Breaking News Eritrea, ሓርበኛ ሃይለ ወ/ትንሳኤ ዓሪፉ ዕላል ሃይለ ወ/ትንሳኤ(ዱሩዕ)ምስ ዳን ኮነል»ኣነን ኢሰያስን ሙሴን ንኸይ ንጠላለም(ኤ)ተወቂጥና ምስጢራዊ ብዛዕባ ሞተ (ድሩዕ) New 2018 The Eritrean diaspora is mourning The alleged death in detention of veteran freedom fighter Durue deeply saddened, but also angered the Eritreans abroad. read more ሽማግለ ቤት ትምህርቲ ኣልድያእ ዝነበሩ ሓጂ ሙሳ መሓመድ ኑር ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓሪፎም ሓጂ ሙሳ መሓመድ ኑር ኣብ መበል 93 ዕድሚኦም ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓሪፎም ኣብ ኣስመራ እትርከብ ቤት ትምህርቲ ኣልድያእ ኣል ኢስላምያ ንኽትዕጾ ብመንግስቲ ኤርትራ ዝቐረበ ውሳኔ ዝተቓወሙ ኣቦይ ሓጂ ሙሳ መሓመድ ኑር፡ ብቐዳም 3 መጋቢት 2018 ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ከም ዝዓረፉ ምንጭታት ሓቢሮም። መንግሰቲ ኤርትራ፡ ብ20 ጥቕምቲ 2017፡ ኣልድያእ ኣል ኢስላምያ ንኽትዕጾ ትእዛዝ ምስተዋህበ፡ ሓጂ ሙሳ ነቲ መንግስቲ ዘመሓላለፎ መምርሒ ብምቅዋም ምስ ተማሃሮን ወለድን ኣብ ዝረዳድኡሉ ዝነበሩ እዋን እዮም ኣብ ትሕቲ ቐይዲ ውዒሎም። ድሕሪ ማእሰርቶም ብዝሰዓበ ሰላማዊ ሰልፊ ብዙሓት ተማሃሮን ወለድን ከምእተኣስሩ ይዝከር። ንሃለዋቶም ብዝምልከት ከኣ ክሳብ ሕጂ ደሃይ ከምዘየሎ ምንጭታትና ወሲኾም ኣረዲኦም። ኣብ መፋርቕ መስከረም ዝሓለፈ ዓመት፡ ቤት ትምህርቲ ኣልድያእ ኣል ኢስላምያ ናብ መንግስቲ ክትሰጋገር ዘዋሪ መልእኽቲ ከምዝበጽሓ፡ ሽማግለ ወለዲ እታ ቤት ትምህርቲ፡ 'እዛ ቤት ትምህርቲ ብገንዘብ ህዝቢ ስለዝተሰርሐት ናይ ህዝቢ ቤት ትምህርቲ ከኣ ስለዝኾነት መንግስቲ ኣይወረሳን እዩ' ኢሎም ከምዝተቓወሙን ምስ ተማሃሮን ወለድን ብኣኼባ ከምእተዘራረቡን ምጽብጻብና ይዝከር። ሓጂ ሙሳ መሓመድ ኑር ኣባል ምንቕስቓስ ተጋድሎ ሓርነት ኤርትራ ኮይኖም ከምዝተቓለሱ መረዳእታታት ይሕብሩ። ኣባል ኮሚሽን ረፈረንዱምን ኮሚሽን ቅዋም ኤርትራን ነበር ሓዎም፡ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ጣሃ መሓመድ ኑር እውን ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ከምዝሞቱ ይዝከር። ምስጢራዊ ስቅያት ንጹሃት ጀጋኑ ሕይወቶም ዝሰአኑ ዜጋታት ኤርትራ፤- ስም ኃላፍነት ቦታ መዝነት ዕለት ዓ. ም. ፈ 1. ጀነራል ኦቕበ አብርሃ ጠቕላላ ስታፍ ኤርትራ እምባትካላ ሐምለ 13 2002 2. ፍስሃየ ዮሐንስ የሽዋ ደራስን ጋዜጤኛን እምባትካላ ጥቅምቲ 12 2002 3. ማሕሙድ ሸሪፎ ምኒስተር ዞባዊ ምምሕዳር እምባትካላ ሰነ 5 2003 4. ሳልሕ ከኪያ ሚኒስተር መጐዓዓዝያ ዒራዒሮ ሰነ 9 2003 5. አስተር ፍስሓጽዮን ኃላፊ ማኅበራዊ ጉዳያት ዓንሰባ ዒራዒሮ ሰነ 13 2003 6. ዮፉፍ መሐመድ ዓሊ ጋዜጠና ዒራዒሮ ሰነ 13 2007 7. ሐመድ ሕመድ አብ ሚኒስትሪ ጉዳያን ወጻኢ ኃላፊ ማ/ምብራቕ ዒራዒሮ መስከረም 22 2003 8. ተክለጊዮርጊስ ሓጐስ ቅስሙ አማሓዳሪ ንኡስምም. ጸሮና ዒራዒሮ መጋቢት 16 2004 9. ሳህለ ጸጋዝአብ አኽባር ሕጊ ዒራዒሮ ጥሪ 1 2005 10 ስዒድ ዓብደልቃድር ጋዜጠኛ ዒራዒሮ መጋቢት 3. 2005 11. መድኃኔ ኀይለ ጋዜጠኛ ዒራዒሮ ሐምለ 2 2006 12. አባ ኪዳነ ማርያም ፈላሲ አብ ማርያም ዓይላ ዒራዒሮ ሐምለ 2002 13. 14 ክቡራት ዜጋታት ብዙኃት ኤርትራውያን ዜጋጣት ብሕብእ ሕቡእ ሕይወቶም ይጠፍእ ምህላዉ ኲሉ ፈሊጡ ብሓድነት ነዚ ጠጠው ንምባል ብሓደ ማዕረ ከም ስኒ አድጊ ዄንና ንሥራሕ። Source http://www.mekaleh.org ኣስማት ስዉኣት ግዳያት ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዒራ-ዒሮ ብዝርዝር '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' [ምንጪ ጽሑፍ] -ብሳክቲዝም- ህግደፋዊ ናይ ጥፍኣት ስነ-ሓሳብ ዝፍለጥ፡ ስሙ ንግዚኡ ክዕቀበሉ ዝመረጸ ኤርትራዊ-ዜጋ ► ጀነራል ዕቑበ ኣብርሃ [መለለዪ ቁጽሪ- 13] +++++++++++++++++++++++ 1948 ተወሊዱ፡ መባእታን ካልኣይን ደረጃ ትምህርቱ ኣብ ደቀምሓረ ወዲኡ። ኣብ ኣዲስ ኣበባ ዩኒቨርስቲ ናይ ላዕለዋይ ደረጃ ትምህርቱ ምስ ወድአ፡ 1972 ናብ ህ-ግ-ሓ-ኤ ተሰሊፉ። ኣብ 1977 ኣብ 1ይ ጉባኤ ኣባል ማእከላይ ሽማግለን ፖለቲካዊ ቤ/ጽሕፈትን ኮይኑ ተመሪጹ። 1978-1984 ኣዛዚ ሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ሳሕል ኮይኑ ወራራት ስርዓት ደርግ ኣብ ምፍሻል መሪሕ ተራ ተጻዊቱ። ድሕሪ ናጽነት ሚኒስተር ንግድን ኢንዱስትሪን፣ ቀጺሉ ሚኒስተር ዕዮን ሰብኣዊ ድሕነትን፣ ኣስዒቡ’ዉን ኣብ 1999 ኣብ እዋን ኩናት ኢትዮ-ኤርትራ ናይ ጀነራል መዓርግ ተዋሂብዎ ሓላፊ ቁጠባ…፣ ምምሕዳርን…፣ ጥዕናን…፣ ከምኡ’ውን ብዓቢኡ ኣብቲ ዝለዓለ ስልጣን ኣዛዚ ስታፍ ሓይልታት-ምክልኻል-ኤርትራ ኮይኑ ኣገልጊሉ። ኣባል G-15 ተባሂሉ ብዕለት 18/09/2001 ተዓፊኑ እምባትካላ ምስተወስደ፡ ነዊሕ ከይጸንሐ ብዕለት 13/10/2002 ►ተሰዊኡ። ► ማሕሙድ ኣሕመድ ሸሪፎ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ 27] ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1948 ተወሊዱ፡ 1966 ናብ ተጋድሎ ሓርነት ኤርትራ ብምስላፉ፡ ኣባል ክፍሊ-5 ኮይኑ ኣገልጊሉ። 1970 ናብ ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት ብምጽንባር፡ ቅድምን ድሕርን ናጽነት ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ላዕለዋይ ጽፍሕታት መንግስቲ ሰሪሑ። ሓላፊ ክፍሊ ሓበሬታን ፕሮፖጋንዳ…፣ ሓላፊ ክፍሊ ህዝቢ…፣ ድሕሪ ናጽነት ድማ ሚኒስትሪ ዞባዊ ምምሕዳርን…፣ ብተወሳኺ ፕረሲደንት ኣብ ዘይህልወሉ ድማ ከም ፕረሲደንት ኮይኑን እዩ ሰሪሑ። ጸኒሑ ድማ ከም ኣቦ-ወንበር ምርጫ ሽማግለ ኮይኑ’ዉን ኣገልጊሉ እዩ። ከም ካልኦት ብጾቱ ዴሞክራስያዊ ለውጢ ስለዝጠለበ ብዕለት 18.09.2001 ምስተቐየደ ድማ ድሕሪ ክልተ ዓመታት ብዕለት 04.06.2003 ኣብ ቤት-ማእሰርቲ እምባትካላ ►ተሰዊኡ። ► ሳልሕ እድሪስ ከክያ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ 6] +++++++++++++++++++++ 1950 ተወሊዱ፡ ኣብ ባህር-ዳር(ኢትዮጵያ) ፖሊ-ቴክኒክ ክመሃር ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ፡ ትምህርቱ ኣቋሪጹ ብ1976 ናብ ህ-ግ-ሓ-ኤ ተሰሊፉ። ኣብ ሜዳ መምህር ፖለቲካዊ ስነ-ፍልጠት ነይሩ። ቀጺሉ ኮሚሽን ሓላፊ ማእከል ወተሃደራዊ ስልጠና ነይሩ። ኣብ 2ይ ጉባኤ ናይ ግንባር ኣብ ማእከላይ ሽማግለ ተመሪጹ፡፡ ድሕሪ ናጽነት ኣባል ማእከላይ ሽማግለ ህ-ግ-ደ-ፍ…፣ ኣባል ሃገራዊ ባይቶ…፣ ሚኒስተር መጓዓዝያን መራኸቢታትን…፣ ሓላፊ ፕረሲደንታዊ ቤ/ጽሕፈት…፣ ምክትል ወጻኢ ጉዳያትን…፣ ኣምባሳደር ኤርትራ ኣብ ሱዳንን ኮይኑ ኣገልጊሉ። ኣብ 2000 ዓ/ም ካብ ዝነበሮ ሓላፍነት ወሪዱ ከንቲባ ከተማ ዓሰብ ከምዝኸዉን ተገይሩ። ንለውጢ ስለዝጠለበ ድማ ብ18 መስከረም 2001 ምስ ብጾቱ ተዳጒኑ። ብዕለት 12/06/2003 ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ►ተሰዊኡ። ► ሑሞድ ሕምድ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ31] ++++++++++++++++++++ 1955 ተወሊዱ፡ ኣብ ሱዳን ዓብዩ ኣብ ግብጺ ድማ ተማሂሩ። ብምቕጻል ኣብ ዩኒቨርስቲ ዒራቕ ብኬሚስትሪ ተመሪቑ። ኣብ እዋን ቃልሲ ‹ኣባል ሓፋሽ ውድባት› ብምዃን ኣብ ሱዳን፣ ግብጺ፣ ሊብያን፣ የመንን፣ ብልዑል ንቕሓት ንመንእሰያት ይውድብ ነይሩ። ካብ 1994-2001 ኣባል ፈጻሚ ኣካል ህ-ግ-ደ-ፍ…፣ ኣባል ሃገራዊ ባይቶ…፣ ሓላፊ ኣውራጃ ሰንሒት…፣ ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ ጉዳያት ወጻኢ ሓላፊ ክፍሊ ፖለቲካን ጨንፈር ማእከላይን ምብራቕን ሰሜን ኣፍሪቃን ብምዃን ኣገልጊሉ። ኣብ መወዳእታ ድማ ኣምባሳደር ሃገረ-ኤርትራ ኣብ ሱዕዲ-ዓረብ ኮይኑ ብተወፋይነት ዘገልገለ ጅግና እዩ። ብ18 መስከረም 2001 ኣባል ጉጅለ-15 ተባሂሉ ተዳጒኑ። ብዕለት 22/09/2003 ድማ ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ►ተሰዊኡ፡፡ ► ወ/ሮ ኣስቴር ፍስሃጽዮን [መለለዪ ቁጽራ11] +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1951 ተወሊዳ፡ ብ1974 ናብ ገድሊ ዝተሰለፈት ገዲም ተጋዳሊት እያ፡፡ ኣስቴር በዓልቲ-ቤቱ ንሚኒስተር ማሕሙድ ሸሪፎ እያ ነይራ። ሓደ ቆልዓ ወሊዶም። ነቲ እንኮ ውሉዳ ነቲ ንናይ ቀረባ ሓላፊኣ ዝነበረ ብኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ ዝተቐንጸለ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ንምዝካር ‹ኢብራሂም› ኢላ እያ ሰይማቶ። ድሕሪ ናጽነት ኣባል ማእከላይ ሽማግለ ህ-ግ-ደ-ፍ-ን ኣባል ሃገራዊ ባይቶን ነይራ። ብድሕሪ 1996 ነቲ እንዳገበለ ዝመጽእ ንዝነበረ ውልቀ-መላኺ ዲክታቶር ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ ብምቅዋማ፡ ካብ ሓላፍነታ ደስኪላ እያ ነይራ። 1999 ናብ ዝነበረቶ ሓላፍነት ተመሊሳ ክትሰርሕ ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ፡ ምስቶም «ሰላማውን ዲሞክራስያውን ዘተ» ዝብል ቅሉዕ መልእኽቲ ናብ ፕረሲደንት ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ ዝለኣኹ እያ ነይራ። ኣባል ጉጅለ-15 ተባሂላ ድማ ብዕለት18 መስከረም 2001 ተዳጒና። ብዕለት 8/06/2003 ከኣ ብሓያል ጸቕጢ ኪሎማ ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ►ተሰዊኣ። ► ጀርማኖ ናቲ ምሽሾ [መለለዬ ቁጽሩ 30] ++++++++++++++++++++++ 1940 ተወሊዱ፡ ናይ መባእታን ማእከላይን ደረጃ ትምህርቱ ኣብ ኣሸሺ (ቅዱስ-ፍራንስ) ተማሂሩ፡ ኣብ ፔታጎ ብኣካውንቲንግ ድሕሪ ምምራቑ፡ ካብ 1971-76 ኣብ ባራቶሊ (ጡጥ ፋብሪካ ዓሊ-ጊደር) ተመዲቡ ክሰርሕ ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ፡ ኣባል ጀብሃ ተባሂሉ ተጠርጢሩ ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሰንበል ብደርግ ተኣሲሩ። ጀብሃ ብወታደራዊ ስርሒት ኣወጺኣቶ። ድሕሪ ምውጽኡ ድማ ናብ ሻዕብያ ተሰሊፉ። ምስ በዓል ደሃብ ፋዪድ ቲንጋ ንከሰላ ተላኢኹ ንተወለድቲ ብሄር ኩናማ ብምጉስጓስ ኣብ ጎድኒ ህ-ግ-ሓ-ኤ ከምዝስለፉ ዝገበረ ሙዑት ተጋዳላይ እዩ። ብ1987 ኣብ 2ይ ውድባዊ-ጉባኤ ኣባል ማእከላይ ሽማግለ ኮይኑ ተመሪጹ። ድሕሪ ናጽነት ኣመሓዳሪ ጋሽን-ሰቲትን ኮይኑ ተመዚዙ። 1994 ኣብ 3ይ ጉባኤ ንካልኣይ ግዜ ኣባል ማእከላይ ሽማግለን ፈጻሚት ፖለቲካዊ ቤ/ጽ ህ-ግ-ደ-ፍ-ን ኮይኑ። ኣብ ዓመተ 2000 ኣመሓዳሪ ዞባ ደቡባዊ ቀይሕ-ባሕሪ ብምዃን ተመዲቡ። ኣባል ጉጅለ-15 ተባሂሉ ድማ ብዕለት 18/09/2001 ተኣሲሩ። ብዝተፈላለየ ሕማማት ነዊሕ ክሳቐ ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ፡ ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዒራ-ዒሮ ኣብ ወርሒ 01/2009 ►ተሰዊኡ። ► ኣልኣዛር መስፍን ጉዱም [መለለዬ ቁጽሩ 1] ++++++++++++++++++++++++ ካብ ኣብኡ ኣቶ መስፍን ጉድምን ኣዲኡ ወ/ሮ ምስላ ደበሳይን ኣብ ዞባ-ማእከል ተወሊዱ እዩ ዓብዩ። 5 ኣሕዋቱ ንሜዳ(ናብ ቃልሲ) ወሪዶም፡ ካብኦም ፍቕረን ኣሮንን ዝበሃሉ ምእንተ ናጽነት ተሰዊኦም። ምሕረቱ ኣካለ ስንክልቲ ኮይና ኣትያ።፡ ምስግና ዝበሃል ሓዉ ድማ ብደርግ ብሕሱም ተቐጥቂጡ ኣእምሮኡ ዝሰሓተ ኣለዎ። ኣልኣዛር ብቢዝነስ ኣድሚንስትረሽን ኣብ ኣዲስ አበባ ዩንቨርሲቲ ድሕሪ ምምራቑ፡ ብ1975 ንሜዳ ወሪዱ። ድሕሪ ናጽነት ድማ ናብ ኣሜሪካ ተላኢኹ ብማስትሬት ዲግሪ ብዝለዓለ ነጥቢ ተመሪቑ ንሃገሩ ተመሊሱ። ኣልኣዛር ኣቦ 3 ውሉዳት ኮይኑ ደቁ -ጴጥሮስ፣ -ኑኤልን፣ -ናታንን ዝበሃሉ ኣብ ኣዲስ አበባ ተሰዲዶም ይርከቡ። ተደናጋጺ G-15 ተባሂሉ ብዕለት 18.09.2001 ምስ ብጾቱ ኣብ እምባትካላን ዒራ-ዒሮን ተኣሲሩ። ወርሒ 9/2011 ►ተሰዊኡን ኣብ ሩባ ዒራ-ዒሮ ተቐቢሩን። ► ተስፋይ ገብረኣብ(ጎመራ) [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ16] +++++++++++++++++++++++++ ክእሰር እንከሎ ዕድሚኡ 53 ይገብር ነይሩ። ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ህ-ግ-ሓ-ኤ- ‘‘ጎሞራ’’ ኣባል እንዳ 72 ኮይኑ እዩ ናብ ናጽነት ኣትዩ። ድሕሪ ናጽነት፡ ኣብ ማእከላይ ቤ/ጽ ህ-ግ-ደ-ፍ…፣ ኢሚግረሽን…፣ ኣብ ሚ/ሪ ዕዮን ሰብኣዊ ድሕነትን…፣ ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ ወጻኢ ጉዳያት -ዲፕሎማት- እዩ ነይሩ። ተደናጋጺ ጉጅለ-15 ተባሂሉ ኣብ ዓመተ 2001 ተኣሲሩ እምባትካላን ዒራዒሮን ኣትዩ። ኣብ ሞንጎ ወርሒ10ን 12ን /2010 ድማ ►ተሰዊኡ። ► ኪሮስ ተስፋንኪኤል(ኪሮስዓወር) [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ 21] ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ኪሮስ ዓወር፡ ኣብ ሜዳ ፋርማሲስት ኮይኑ ይሰርሕ ኔሩ። ድሕሪ ናጽነት ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ ቱሪዝም ዳይረክተር ጀነራል ኮይኑ ተመዱቡ ክሰርሕ ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ፡ ንዝለዓለ ትምህርቲ ናብ ኣሜሪካ ተላኢኹ ብ International Relations ማስተሩ ሰሪሑ ተመልሰ’ሞ፡ ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ ወጻኢ ጉዳያት ኮይኑ ተመዲቡ ከም ዝሰርሕ ዝተገበረ ኣዚዩ በሊሕ ተጋዳላይ ምንባሩ ይፍለጥ። ሓደ እዋን ሓደ ታሪኻዊ ቃል ንወዱ ‘‘ንፍቕረ’’ ገሊጹሉ እዩ ሓሊፉ። «,,,ፍቕረ ወደይ ንሕና ብኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ ተገዚእና ኢና ኣቲና፡ ንስኻ ከኣ ብኣብርሃም ኢሳይያስ ከይትግዛእ ሓደራ…!!» ከምዝበሎ ይፍለጥ። ወርሒ 9/2011 ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ድማ ►ተሰዊኡ። ► ሲራጅ ኢብራሂም መሓመድ ኪያር [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ 26] +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ዕድሚኡ ከባቢ 63 እዩ። ደረጃ ትምህርቱ ድማ ቢኤ ዲግሪ። ናብ ሜዳ ዝተሰለፈሉ ብ1969/70 ኮይኑ፡ ፈለማ ኣባል ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት…፡ ደሓር ድማ ተጋደላይ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ኮይኑ እዩ ናብ ናጽነት ኣትዩ። ድሕሪ ናጽነት ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ-ምክልኻል ኣባል መኮንን-ጥዕና ኮይኑ ይሰርሕ ነበረ። ብድሕሪ እዚ ግዜ እዚ፡ ኣብ ሱዑዲ-ዓረብ ከም -ዲፕሎማት- ሃገረ-ኤርትራ ኮይኑ እዩ ኣገልጊሉ። በዓልቲ ቤቱ ወ/ሮ ጽገሬዳ በየነ ተኽለሚካኤል ገዲም ተጋዳሊት ህ-ግ-ሓ-ኤ እያ። ኣቦ 3 ቆልዑ ኮይኑ ደቁ → ኣድሃም ሲራጅ፣ → ኣድያም ሲራጅን፣ → ፌርዶስ ሲራጅን ይበሃሉ። ድሕሪ ማእሰርቲ ኣቦኦም -ኣድሃም ሲራጅ ናብ ኢትዮጵያ፣ -ኣድያም ሲራጅ ድማ ናብ ኣሜሪካ ተሰዲዶም ኣለው። ብተለምዶ ‹ዶክተር ሲራጅ› ተባሂሉ ዝፍለጥ ‘‘ተጋ/ ሲራጅ ኢብራሂም’’ ብዕለት 19/09/2001 ካብ ሆቴል TOP FIVE ኣስመራ ብኣባላት ጸጥታ ተዓፊኑ ተወሲዱ፡ ኣብ እምባትከላ ኣትዩ ብድሕሪኡ ናብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ቀጺሉ። ልክዕ ኣብ 10 ዓመቱ ኣብ ወርሒ 9/2011 ድማ ብሰንኪ ግፍዓዊ ማእሰርቲ ጉጅለ ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ►ተሰዊኡ። ► ፍስሃ ዮውሃንስ(ጆሽዋ) [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ10] ++++++++++++++++++++++++ ናይ 1977 ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ህ-ግ-ሓ-ኤ ኮይኑ፡ ዋና ኣሰናዳእን መስራትን ናይ ጋዜጣ ሰቲት እዩ ነይሩ። ገጣማይ…፣ ዳይረክተር ፊልም…፣ መራሒ ጉጅለ ባህልን…፣ ኣሰልጣኒ ኤይሮቢክስን…፣ ድማ ነይሩ። ብድሕሪ ናጽነት ኣብ ዓባይ-ብሪጣንያ ተማሂሩ ንዓዱ ተመሊሱ። ዕድሚኡ ኣብ’ቲ እዋን’ቲ ከባቢ 46 ነይሩ። ደጋፊ ጉጅለ-15 ተባሂሉ ብ18/09/2001 ተዳጒኑ። ‹ስለምንታይ ከምዝተኣሰረ?› ደጋጊሙ ይሓትት’ኳ እንተነበረ፡ ሰማዒ ብዘይ-ምርካቡ ኣዝዩ ይሓርቕ ነበረ። ብኽቱር ሕርቃን…፣ ብናይ መግቢ ምሕሳም ኣድማን…፣ ብተደጋጋሚ ናይ ነብሰ-ቕትለት ፈተነታት የካይድ ነይሩ። ኣብ መወዳእታ ኣብ ቤት ማእስርቲ እምባትካላ ብዕለት 13.10.2002 ነብሰ-ቕትለት ፈጺሙ ድማ ►ተሰዊኡ። ► ዳዊት ሃብተሚካኤል [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ12] +++++++++++++++++++++++ ምክትል ዋና ኣሰናዳእን መስራትን ጋዜጣ መቓልሕ እዩ ነይሩ። ካብ ኣስመራ ዩኒቨርሰቲ ብፊዚክስ ተመሪቑ። ካብ ወርሒ 10 ክሳብ ወርሒ 12/2010 ኣብ ዉሽጢ ዘሎ ግዜ ►ተሰዊኡ። ► መድሃኔ ሃይለ ኣፍለ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ 8] ++++++++++++++++++++++ መስራትን ምክትል ኣሰናዳኢ ጋዜጣ ቀስተ-ደመና እዩ ነይሩ። ካብ ኣስመራ ዩኒቨርስቲ ብሕጊ ተመሪቑ። ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ ፍትሒ ተመዲቡ ንሃገሩ ከገልግል ድሕሪ ምጽንሑ፡ ተደናጋጺ ጉጅለ-15 ተባሂሉ ኣብ ቀዪዲ እምባትካላን ዒራ-ዒሮን ኣትዩ። ብዕለት 08/02/2006 ድማ ►ተሰዊኡ። ► ማቴዎስ ሃብተኣብ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ20] +++++++++++++++++++++ ጋዜጠኛ ናይ ጋዜጣ መቓልሕ እዩ ነይሩ። ካብ ኣስመራ ዩኒቨርስቲ ብስነ-ቁጽሪ ተመሪቑ። ዕድሚኡ ኣስታት 44 ይግመት። ኣብ ዓመተ 2005 ድማ ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ►ተሰዊኡ። ► ዮሱፍ መሓመድ ዓሊ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ 8] ++++++++++++++++++++++ ዋና ኣሰናዳኢ ብሕታዊት ጋዜጣ ጽጌናይ ነይሩ። ናይ ቢዝነስ ኣድሚኒስትረሽን ምሩቕ’ዉን እዩ። እታ ንዮሱፍ መሓመድ ዓሊ ካብ እምባትካላ ጀሚራ ዝተዓደለቶ መለለዪት ቁጽሪ 8 ድሕሪ መስዋእቱ ንስውእ መድሃኔ ሃይለ ተዓዲላ ዝነበረት እያ። ብዕለት 7/06/2003 ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ►ተሰዊኡ። ► ስዒድ ዓብደልቃድር [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ24] ++++++++++++++++++++++ ወዲ 48 ዓመት ምንባሩ ዝግመት ጋዜጠኛ ስዒድ ዓብደልቃድር፡ ዋና ኣሰናዳእን መስራትን ጋዜጣ ኣድማስ እዩ ነይሩ። ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ ዜና ድማ ኣብ ጋዜጣ ኤርትራ ኣልሓዲሳ ጸሓፊ እዩ ነይሩ። ኣብ ወርሒ 3/2005 ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ብማሕነቕቲ (ነብሰ-ቕትለት) ፈጺሙ ►ተሰዊኡ። ► ሳህለ ጸጋዝኣብ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ 32] ++++++++++++++++++++ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ህ-ግ-ሓ-ኤ ኮይኑ፡ ድሕሪ ናጽነት ድማ ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ ፍትሒ ናይ ሲቪላዊ ገበናት ሓላፊ እዩ ነይሩ። ኣብ ወርሒ1/2005 ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ►ተሰዊኡ። ► ተስፋገርግሽ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ14] ++++++++++++++++++ ኣብ ዞባ ደቡብ ኣማሓዳሪ ን/ዞባ ጾሮና ነበ’ር ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ተስፋገርግሽ፡ ቅድሚ መስዋእቱ «,,,ኣብ ባንኪ ዝርከብ ገንዘበይ ንመእለይ ደቀይ ክኾና መዝገብ ሕሳበይ ንበዓልቲ ቤተይ ሃቡለይ» እናበለ ይዛረብ ምንባሩ ይፍለጥ። ብዕለት 16/03/2004 ነብሰ-ቕትለት ፈጺሙ ►ተሰዊኡ። ► ኪዳነ ወዲ-ቐሺ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ 5] +++++++++++++++++++ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ኮይኑ፡ ኣባል ኣሃዱ ስለያ እንዳ 72፡ ከምኡ’ዉን መራሕ መኪና ናይ ተጋ/ ጴጥሮስ ሰሎሞን እዩ ነይሩ። ኣብ ወርሒ 10/2009 ድማ ►ተሰዊኡ። ► መሓሪ ያዕቆብ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ15] +++++++++++++++++++ መራሕ መኪና ናይ ሚኒስተር ሳልሕ ከክያ ከምዝነበረ ይፍለጥ። ብዛዕባ’ዚ ስዉእ እዚ ዝፈልጥ ኤርትራዊ እንተ’ሎ ሓበሬታ ክውስኸሉ ይላቦ። ኣብ ዓመተ 2008 ድማ ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ እዩ ►ተሰዊኡ። -/- ይ→ቕ→ጽ→ል→  ኣብ አርትራ ኣብ ቤት ማሕቡስ ንዜሞቱ እሱራት ጃምላዊ መርድእ ተነጊሩ ብክውንን ዗ይክውንን ምኽንያት ካብ ብዘሕ ዒመታት ኣትሒዝም ኣብ ቤት ማሕቡስ ዜተኣስሩ ካሳብ ሎሚ ኣለው እናተባህለ ስልጣንያን ክዲውንትን ዜበጽሓሎም ዜነበረን ኤርትራውያን፡ ኣብ ዜሓለፈ ሰሙን ስርዒት ህግዯፍ፡ ንቤተሰቦም በብሓዯ ጸዊዐ ብህይወት ከምየለው ጃምላዊ መርድእ ኣርዱኡ። ቤተሰብ እሱራት ኣብ ዜሓለፈ ሰሙን ‚እከለ.... ዜተባህለ እሱር ሞይቱ እዩ! ሬሳ ኣይወሃብን እዩ! ናይ ግፍዑ ዲስን ቴንዲን ፡ ኣይፍቀድን ! ንክትፈልጡ ኢልና ኢና! ሓ዗ን ኣምሲልካ ምትእኽካብውን ኣይፍቀድን እዩ! ድሕሪ ሕጂ ስልጣንያ ወይ ክዲን ከይተምጽኡ‚ ብምባልን ነዙ መርድእዙ ብምስጢር ክሕዜዎ ከም዗ለዎም ተሪር መጠንቀቕታ ብምሃብን፡ ንብዘሓት ስድራቤታት ብፍላይ ድማ ኣብ ከተማ ኣስመራ ንዜርከቡ ኣፋንዩ። እዝም መርድኦም ዜተነግረ እሱራት ዙኣቶም እቶም ብፖለቲካዊ ሕቶ ዜተኣስሩ ዗ይኮኑ፡ ብኻልእ ብዜተፈላለየ በብዒይነቱ ምኽንያታት ዜተቐየደ ኢዮምRead more Stories from Underground Prison in Eritrea: Torture, Madness, Slave Labour, Death and a Father Searching for his Son(Life under PFDJ) [ELF 1965-1980] [EPLF 1970-1990][1992-1997] [1998-2000] [Since 2001][Prisoners death records][Mysterious Deaths] ሕሩይ ክፍሎም ተስፋማርያም ዝተባህለ ወዲ 20 ዓመት ኤርትራዊ መንእሰይ ብስርዓት ህግደፍ ብጥይት ተቐቲሉ። ሕሩይ ክፍሎም ተስፋማርያም ዝተባህለ ወዲ 20 ዓመት ኤርትራዊ መንእሰይ ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ሰሙን ናብ ኤትዮጵያ ክሰግር ኣብ ዝፈተነሉ ግዜ ብሓይልታት ኤርትራ ብጥይት ተሃሪሙ ሂወቱ ከምዝሰኣነ ካብ ኤርትራ ዝረኸብናዩ ሓበረታ የረደእ። Readmore Lists of execution of some prisoners since 2005 A former Eritrean prison guard who fled to Ethiopia claimed his country's ex-foreign minister and an army chief had died in prison while thousands of others had fallen severely ill in \"secret detention centres\". The two officials were close allies of President Issaias Afeworki throughout the Red Sea state's 30-year war for independence. 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[enlarge picture", "href": "/documents/ab2944d911e84dd4c663c6a7/" }, { "text": "]" } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/0/1/0/1/2/1/0/1/0/3/0/5/1/4/3", "start": 11622, "end": 11843 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-fdfb416e481631ea63e98012", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/0/1/0/1/2/1/0/1/0/3/0/5/1/4/3/0", "start": 11626, "end": 11838 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Maryam Ghimbi Asmara’s most notorious political prison, used by the Derg", "href": "/documents/d25f6a4e6265fc5cb4eb6bcc/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-10ef73e7fb53da223c53ac22", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/0/1/0/1/2/1/0/1/0/3/0/6", "start": 11911, "end": 11931 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The crimes against innocent ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "civilians", "href": "/documents/158a6cb3d9f34e205f045fa8/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " and", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " fighters", "href": "/documents/1f39c3407985bec97650e4b1/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " were not begun in 2001 by the PFDJ but has roots going back to the ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "1960s", "href": "/documents/dffb797fdf955c27f2e1e54b/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " by the ELF, to the", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "1970s", "href": "/documents/2f0d357b3a900bc5469397f0/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " by the ELF & EPLF and to the1980s by the EPLF", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " [" }, { "text": "Find more information]", "href": "/documents/1f39c3407985bec97650e4b1/" }, { "text": "." } ] }, { "id": "b-0e98347834154c285f65faf3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/0/1/0/1/2/1/0/1/0/3/0/11/0", "start": 12724, "end": 13031 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ghirmay Yeibi in his article \" ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Half a century of misery and with no end in sight ", "href": "http://asmarino.com/articles/1427-half-a-century-of-misery-and-with-no-end-in-sight", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " which was posted to asmariino.com on 31 May 2012 wrote", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "the ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Eritrean struggle", "href": "/documents/ad75fc9d09b3d93dc7ab815e/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " from inception ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "was not a struggle for democracy, justice and lasting peace. ", "href": "/documents/04c3e611aae66bd1a1e2e55b/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " The heinous and perpetual crime perpetuated by the fronts(", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "ELF", "href": "/documents/2db17df472600301e1858351/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "& ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "EPLF", "href": "/documents/9314b50c7face6498929f752/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "] on the people in the 30 years of its journey and which has been continued with greater intensity since independence for the last 20 years, points to one and only one direction. [ ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Read more", "href": "http://asmarino.com/articles/1427-half-a-century-of-misery-and-with-no-end-in-sight", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "]", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-82d9035ba47948c07d07cd90", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/0/1/0/1/2/1/0/1/0/3/0/12/0", "start": 14038, "end": 14182 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Prisoners from 1991-2001", "href": "/documents/16a10b656a0340f8facbac35/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-eed7e1c69b843bd9f0826389", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/0/1/0/1/2/1/0/1/0/3/0/12/3", "start": 14211, "end": 14341 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/d15371e8bf9be437cd134389e2e3266844bb12746b1083745d6c1221a0f98e77.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-3a4b66a8a2e040dfb667ec23", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/0/1/0/1/2/1/0/1/0/3/0/12/4", "start": 14342, "end": 14346 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "List of Known Detention Facilities in Eritrea", "href": "/documents/f1a1064b52cd6ed0d95eabb6/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " \n " }, { "text": "ዝርዝር አስማት አብያተ ማእሰርቲ ኤርትራ", "href": "/documents/2a0be565bac32d818c628ee9/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-0beaeb9cf73e85e06cfaf8a2", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/0/1/0/1/2/1/0/1/0/3/0/14/0/0", "start": 14736, "end": 14863 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/00be2f5fe4c422e3ad6fd9766eac52f22888cbd5fbad9e6408b0df6d1392f544.png", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-b585e019ec11a7617c949db3", "type": "list", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/0/1/0/1/2/1/0/1/0/3/0/15", "start": 14878, "end": 15120 }, "anchors": [], "ordered": false, "items": [ { "blocks": [ { "id": "b-ae036ec14c61013be24fb063", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/0/1/0/1/2/1/0/1/0/3/0/15/1/0", "start": 14911, "end": 15089 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Elias Teklu, a journalist and writer who became the first victim of the government of Ethiopia in the 1950s should also be remembered on the 18th of September.", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-bc401e3e2f4b548da8e97b90", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/0/1/0/1/2/1/0/1/0/3/0/16", "start": 15121, "end": 15143 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Elias Teklu, the correspondent of the newspaper ‘Dehai Eritrea’, was imprisoned by the government of Ethiopia in 1954 and then taken to Alem Bekage prison " }, { "text": "former central prison in Addis Ababa", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " where he died. [" } ] }, { "id": "b-cd2491b998b848724af18340", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/0/1/0/1/2/1/0/1/0/3/0/19/0", "start": 15476, "end": 15507 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Read more", "href": "/documents/676291be57bbaf933270240c/" } ] }, { "id": "b-6a22eb525b329c225196c118", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/0/1/0/1/2/1/0/1/0/3/0/20", "start": 15542, "end": 15542 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "]" } ] }, { "id": "b-91a0aa83f2870cd7a3d1d0a3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/0/1/0/1/2/1/0/1/2/3/0/1/0", "start": 15880, "end": 16068 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ጋዜጠኛ መንእሰይ ዮሴፍ ገብረህወት ካብ ኣዲስ ኣበባ ኣብዚ ዝሓለፈ ክልተ ሰሙን ከምዝተሰወረ", "href": "http://www.jeberti.com/pdf/Gazettna%20Yosef%20gebrihiwet.pdf" }, { "text": ", 2012" } ] }, { "id": "b-9e99788b664a6c1382c20ef8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/0/1/0/1/2/1/0/1/2/3/0/5/0", "start": 16142, "end": 16265 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Brief 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"text": "Name of prisioners who died at Adolay´s prison camps in Gash Setite.", "href": "/documents/514ade4e39423ed46a5d6c8c/" } ] }, { "id": "b-ef648e29ae738e588d3ec783", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/0/5/0/1/12/3/2/0", "start": 38735, "end": 39252 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብዕለት 26/04/2007 ካብ ማእከላይ ቤ/ጽ ሃገራዊ ድሕነት ናብ መንደፈራ ቤ/ጽ ስለያ ስርሒት ዞባ 03 ኣርበዓ (40) ሊትሮ ሲያናይድ (Cyanide) ዝተብሃለ ከሚካል ተላኢኹ፡፡ ዕለት 27/04/2007 ኣብ ማይ ድማ ዝተኣኻቡ 26 እሱራት ኣብ ቀጽሪ ቤ/ማእሰርቲ ስለያ ክ/ሰ 25 ሓሙሽተ (5) ሜትሮ ዕምቀት ዘለዎ ንማይ ዝኾን ባስካ ጉድጓድ ክኹዕቱ ተኣዚዞም፡፡ ሰዓት 10፡00 ምሸት ኩሎም እሱራት ካብ ዝነበሩዎ ካሜራ ክወጹ ተገይሮም ናብቲ ጉድጓድ ክኣትው ተገደዱ፡፡ ሜጀር ተኽለብርሃን ሓጎስ (ወዲ ዓይነይ)፡ ሜጀር በረኸት ወልደገብሪኤል (ከውሒ--ስታፍ ስለያ ክ/ሰ 25) ዝመርሕዎም ምሩጻት ኣባላት ስለያ ስርሒት ዞባ 03 ነቲ ከሚካል ብጥንቃቀ ሒዞም ናብቲ ጋህሲ ምኽዓው ቀጺሎም፡፡ ኣብዛ ዕለት 26 ዜጋታትና ከም ኣናጹ ብከሚካል ተሰሚሞም ብዘይድምጺ ጸኒቶም፡፡ እቶም ዜጋታት ዝስዕቡ’ዮም፡፡" }, { "text": " readmore", "href": "/documents/5193119edd91082b90b29e63/" } ] } ] }, { "column": 4, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": 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Arrested by the Eritrean government's security in 2006. \n [] Released in May 2014 severely disabled, suffering memory loss and speech impairment. \n Died on 31 August 2014 as a result of the torture he suffered in prison." } ] } ] }, { "column": 4, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/6/1/0/1/16/5", "start": 44757, "end": 44765 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 10, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/6/1/0/1/16/7", "start": 44787, "end": 45042 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-4218ec1454908c5f76405aa3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/6/1/0/1/16/7/0/0", "start": 44794, "end": 44815 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ፍጻመ እድሪስ መሓመድ ዓሊን ብጾቱን" } ] }, { "id": "b-26079ba870e4ac797eac82d4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/6/1/0/1/16/7/2/0", "start": 44846, "end": 45002 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እድሪስ መሓመድ ዓሊን ብጾቱን ---ኣብ ጸላም ዝጸልመቱ ከዋኽብቲ\n ካልኣይ ክፋል", "href": "/documents/41550e061258574c68278c45/" } ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 4, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/6/3", "start": 45956, "end": 45965 }, "blocks": [] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/8", "start": 45997, "end": 50819 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 4, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/8/1", "start": 46016, "end": 50801 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-fc7b2c1ce5938a2a5ddb9eb3", "type": "record-list", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/8/1/0", "start": 46032, "end": 50796 }, "anchors": [], "caption": [], "records": [ { "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/8/1/0/1/0", "start": 46080, "end": 49026 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/8/1/0/1/0/1", "start": 46103, "end": 47830 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-ff980f17e37cccb32d7d8e3b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/8/1/0/1/0/1/1/0", "start": 46111, "end": 46131 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Jeilani Al'amin" } ] }, { "id": "b-b611aced96dee7245be47e7c", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/8/1/0/1/0/1/1/4", "start": 46184, "end": 46308 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/ba82f19bc49eb0de93808b23286b735166e9a55510ace7054d35fd0eb472aa45.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-47ae222bb44d08d68251d0be", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/8/1/0/1/0/1/2/0", "start": 46355, "end": 46806 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Jeilani Al'amin – officer in the Asmara Traffic Police (formerly with the Immigration office). He was arrested in November 2005 together with scores of other citizens including the well-known musician Idris Mohammed-Ali. 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false, "colspan": 2, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/8/1/0/1/0/3", "start": 47871, "end": 48971 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-34115fccb36a6b70b1d7c086", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/8/1/0/1/0/3/0", "start": 47887, "end": 47926 }, "anchors": [], "level": 3, "content": [ { "text": "ሰለሙን ሃብቶም", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " 2017" } ] }, { "id": "b-65f3fddb8744af6c3cbfe175", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/8/1/0/1/0/3/2/0", "start": 47953, "end": 48081 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/63255fdf8e97b4b3c9af2358ffb8aa345e999e0177db680f33a01012be62613c.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-bb7e69002c85dbb4a860b170", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/8/1/0/1/0/3/4/0", "start": 48112, "end": 48319 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብምልካዊ ስርዓት ኢሳይያስ ብ 10 ሓምለ 2003 ካብ ዝእሰር ብዘይ ክስን ፍርድን ን 14 ዓመታት መመላእታ ኣብቲ ጽኑዕ ቤትማእሰርቲ ምልካዊ ስርዓት ኢሳይያስ፣ ካርሼሊ፣ ክሳቐ ዝጸንሐ ዳይረክተር ጀነራል ተለኮሙኒኬሽን ነበር ተጋዳላይ ሰለሙን ሃብቶም፣ ሎሚ ንጉሆ 18 ነሓሰ ኣብ ቤትማእሰርቲ ከምዝተሰውአ ምንጭታት ሓቢሮም።" } ] }, { "id": "b-0f50d01fe815a88d0f998c14", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/8/1/0/1/0/3/6/0", "start": 48350, "end": 48552 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እቲ ዕድሚኡ መወዳእታ ሱሳታት ዝበጽሕ፣ ኣብ ፈለማ 1970ታት ናብ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ሓርነት ኤርትራ ተሰሊፉ ኣብ ሓርነታዊ ቃልሲ ንናጽነት ከም ሓላፊ ‘ምልክት’ መራኸቢታት ኮይኑ ስለ ሃገር ግቡኡ ዝፈጸመ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ፣ ስድራቤቱ መስዋእቱ ኣብ ዝፈለጡሉ ህሞት ብዛዕባ ምኽንያት መስዋእቱ ብቑዕ ሓበሬታ ኣይተዋህቦምን። " }, { "text": "read more", "href": "/documents/7daeb86988ec66ff9e0a7b2f/" } ] }, { "id": "b-f4c1a602c19a4a2fffb06a65", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/8/1/0/1/0/3/8/0", "start": 48696, "end": 48830 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ahmed Kakay 2015", "href": "/documents/75cf7332e53b03d80eeba4af/" } ] }, { "id": "b-5e803d9e46cd2c6e5e01d81b", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/4/1/0/1/8/1/0/1/0/3/8/2", "start": 48836, "end": 48960 }, "anchors": [], "src": 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"paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/16/5/0/0", "start": 87441, "end": 87441 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ibrahim Mohamed Azelto [ኢብራሂም ማሕሙድ ዓዘልቶ][" }, { "text": " Full story", "href": "/documents/aa1a6fff33b8c2cb31924390/" }, { "text": "]" } ] }, { "id": "b-d7f1f987745ccc72d42c122b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/16/5/2/0", "start": 87643, "end": 87655 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Arrested 1992\n Died on 4 October 2009\n Place Adi Quala Prison" } ] } ] }, { "column": 4, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/16/7", "start": 87768, "end": 87776 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 6, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/16/9", "start": 87792, "end": 87800 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 9, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": 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"/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/20/5/0", "start": 88377, "end": 88435 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Arrested September 2001\n " }, { "text": "Died: on 26 December 2008", "href": "/documents/7d99988abe982efafe8da875/" }, { "text": " \n " }, { "text": "Read more", "href": "/documents/674145b076785abde11f65f0/" } ] } ] }, { "column": 4, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/20/7", "start": 88811, "end": 88819 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 5, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/20/9", "start": 88835, "end": 88990 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-3a3abd46ab9d757e11b6a325", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/20/9/0/0", "start": 88844, "end": 88979 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/a3c6799704af700473bf455545ffaa774362482f047efacc5bff708cda817e92.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] } ] }, { "column": 6, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/20/11", "start": 89006, "end": 89014 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 7, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 2, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/20/13", "start": 89030, "end": 89369 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-e7233e1c1481d1dd1742f445", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/20/13/0", "start": 89046, "end": 89245 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On Jan. 24,2010 Hana Hagos Asgedom, 41, became the eleventh believer to die in these detention centers. Asgedom suffered a heart attack while being held in solitary confinement at Alla Military Cam" }, { "text": ".Read More", "href": "/documents/d896f7038fc17857a93be423/" } ] } ] }, { "column": 9, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/20/15", "start": 89385, "end": 89393 }, "blocks": [] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22", "start": 89425, "end": 95616 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/1", "start": 89444, "end": 89485 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/3", "start": 89501, "end": 89509 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/5", "start": 89525, "end": 91872 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-a8268886c921fd8b4faf8f9d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/5/0/0", "start": 89532, "end": 89566 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ahaw Ali Halo", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-d66d3ebed447ed22a7fa4eac", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/5/0/1", "start": 89567, "end": 89691 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/34c810fc45bba8c3b5256e6c9d5b64bc3ddd6f6021a6e90a75bfaef448bb8fa9.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "Ahaw Ali Halo, 1965 - 2016" } ] }, { "id": "b-143ae75b4b198d305b256738", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/5/4/0", "start": 89766, "end": 89917 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ahaw Ali Halo, former prisoner (13 years) of the Isayas regime and former chairman of Dankalia's regional assembly, passed away, today, 20 May 2016" } ] }, { "id": "b-caca052abafb43c876aa22a0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/5/6/0", "start": 89942, "end": 89976 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "| Born in 1965 in Afambo, Dankalia\n | Joined the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) at the age of 16 and was wounded in a battle with the Ethiopian army. He was subsequently sent to Syria for treatment and allowed to continue his education\n | In 1994 he Graduated in political science from Damascus University and soon returned to Eritrea. (While in Syria, he was member of the ELF-affiliated Eritrean Union of Students)\n | In 1997 he was elected to the regional assembly of Southern Red Sea and became its chairman\n | On 17 May 1999, he was arrested in his office in Assab and taken to Tahadiso detention center south west of the city\n | Interrogated and tortured for 71 days at Tahadiso where he lost consciousness twice\n | After 71 days at Tahadiso he was flown to Asmara in a state of severe physical impairment and was taken to a prison known as the 6th Station (which served as a branch of Wenjel Mrmera/ Karcheli prison)\n | He was subsequently moved to Karcheli and again to Sembel prison\n | He was released from prison on 5 February 2012\n | Soon he escaped from Eritrea and joined the Eritrean resistance as a member of the Red Sea Afar Democratic Organization\n | In retaliation, the regime arrested his father, Ali Halo, a community leader in Dankalia (and chairman of the people's committee in Dankalia that supported the independence struggle, 1976-1980) and subjected him to torture. Mr. Ali Halo died on 15 May 2013 a few months after his release fro prison" } ] }, { "id": "b-a2422462e2c63672ebeacc5f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/5/8/1/0", "start": 91700, "end": 91840 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Last year, the late Ahaw gave an interview to Adoulis_com in which he detailed his 13-year ordeal as a prisoner of the Eritrean regime (" } ] } ] }, { "column": 4, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/7", "start": 91888, "end": 91896 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 5, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/9", "start": 91912, "end": 92106 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-26383ffd9ec9a229b3d79a45", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/9/0/1/0", "start": 91941, "end": 91965 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ፍቓዱ ደበሳይ", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-be81612d89c6bd710a1e62bd", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/9/0/1/1", "start": 91966, "end": 92090 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/a977e39c12e02c96be4e5baff647da754f54fb9df5fd6e56b4e02328fd3e95ca.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] } ] }, { "column": 6, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/11", "start": 92122, "end": 92130 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 7, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 2, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/13", "start": 92146, "end": 95574 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-5b00da8b7e8ca43f016262df", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/13/0/0", "start": 92165, "end": 92639 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ፍቓዱ ደበሳይ ዝተባህለት ኣደ ሰለስተ ቆልዑ ዝኾነ ኣማኒት ጴንጠ ቆስጣል ክርስትና፣ ዝሓለፈ ሰሙን ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ መትከል ኣብዮት ከም ዝሞተት ተሓቢሩ። ክርስትያን ሶሊዳሪቲ ዎርልድ ዋይድ ዝተባህለ ኣህጉራዊ ትካል ኣብ ዝዘርግሖ ሓበሬታ፣ ኣብ ወርሒ ግንቦት ናይዚ ዓመት'ዚ፣ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ኣብ ዓዲ ዃላ፣ ኣብ ናይ ገዛ ጸሎት ኣብ ልዕሊ ዝነበሩ ኣመንቲ ጴንጠ ቆስጣል ክርስትና ድሕሪ ዘካየዶ ናይ ምህዳን ዘመተ'ያ ፍቓዱ ደበሳይን በዓል ቤታን ዝርከቦም ሓያሎ ሰባት ተኣሲሮም። እዛ ኣደ ሰለስተ ቆልዑ ምዃና ዝተሓበረተ ፍቓዱ፣ ኣብ መንጎ ጋሕተላይን ሽዕብን ኣብ ዝርከብ ኣጻምእ መትከል ኣብዮት ነዚ ዝሓለፈ ዝሓለፈ ሰለስተ ኣዋርሕ ተኣሲራ ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ'ያ ዝሓለፈ ሰሙን ዓሪፋ። ስነ ስርዓት ቀብራ ድማ ብሓሙስ 10 ነሓሰ ኣብ መንደፈራ ተፈጺሙ።" }, { "text": "readmore", "href": "/documents/2c039adde9515e6a505281d8/" } ] }, { "id": "b-499018e632ae8d7046e5b44a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/13/10/1/1/1/1/1/1/0", "start": 93566, "end": 93627 }, "anchors": [ "source-section1", "source-streamingAudio", "source-mediaPlayer1", "source-vjs_video_3" ], "content": [ { "text": "Two Elderly Witnesses Die in Eritrean Prison.", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-1f30e68330b80fcec8b2eb28", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/13/10/1/1/1/1/1/3/0", "start": 93664, "end": 93788 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/60ad7bec585ddeb25be1372e2ca20bdb8fe79b535742f8717213586c24906a86.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-d93f73d546853e7ea17bf7c7", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/13/10/1/1/1/1/1/3/1", "start": 93789, "end": 93915 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/bb2d14f73c55345bfea74aced44a05590e701a476a0778183727bfbdb42760e4.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-8390423e7988d6ff87cfad89", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/13/10/1/1/1/1/1/5/0", "start": 93952, "end": 94261 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Two of Jehovah’s Witnesses, Habtemichael Tesfamariam and Habtemichael Mekonen, died in the Mai Serwa Prison near Asmara in early 2018. Both had been arrested and imprisoned in the summer of 2008 for their religious beliefs and suffered through nearly a decade of harsh prison conditions." } ] }, { "id": "b-b89b99566e8c3cef2dd43b13", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/13/10/1/1/1/1/1/7/0", "start": 94306, "end": 94753 }, "anchors": [ "source-p3" ], "content": [ { "text": "Mr. Tesfamariam died suddenly at the age of 76 in the Mai Serwa Prison on January 3, 2018. His fellow prisoners believe that he suffered a stroke. Mr. Tesfamariam was born in 1942 in Adi Yakulu, Mendefera, Eritrea. He became one of Jehovah’s Witnesses in 1970 and refused to compromise his faith, despite unjust imprisonment and maltreatment. He is survived by his wife, Leterberhan Bezabih; four sons; and three daughters." } ] }, { "id": "b-f4af6344271b1e1d6dbf80aa", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/22/13/10/1/1/1/1/1/9/0", "start": 94798, "end": 95387 }, "anchors": [ "source-p4" ], "content": [ { "text": "Mr. Mekonen died at the age of 77 in the Mai Serwa Prison on March 6, 2018. His fellow prisoners believe that he died of kidney failure. Mr. Mekonen was born in 1940 in the village of Kudo Felasi in southern Eritrea. He became a Witness well over 55 years ago and, like Mr. Tesfamariam, refused to compromise his faith, even though he was imprisoned without cause and mistreated. 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Hagos Mebrahtu, 27, died in the military training center in Sawa, Eritrea, on January 1. Reportedly, Mebrahtu was refused medical treatment for malaria and died soon after. Although it was unclear as to how long she was imprisoned in Sawa, sources state she was arrested for reading a Bible in her own bedroom. " }, { "text": "Read more", "href": "/documents/0f7ddf43791a43635c6f1df3/" } ] } ] }, { "column": 9, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/34/15", "start": 99767, "end": 99775 }, "blocks": [] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/36", "start": 99807, "end": 100390 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/36/1", "start": 99826, "end": 100052 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-ade26f866456ab777e3cf6ce", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/36/1/0", "start": 99830, "end": 99935 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Terhase", "href": "/documents/71e5bbcf4c976b7425984a8c/" }, { "text": "&" }, { "text": "Ferewine", "href": "/documents/71e5bbcf4c976b7425984a8c/" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/36/3", "start": 100068, "end": 100076 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/36/5", "start": 100092, "end": 100101 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 4, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/36/7", "start": 100117, "end": 100125 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 5, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/36/9", "start": 100141, "end": 100287 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-7b1de360f265c2e07a664b1c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/36/9/0", "start": 100145, "end": 100282 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Dawit Isaak", "href": "http://www.thelocal.se/tag/dawit_isaak", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ] }, { "column": 6, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/36/11", "start": 100303, "end": 100311 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 7, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 2, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/36/13", "start": 100327, "end": 100348 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 9, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/36/15", "start": 100364, "end": 100372 }, "blocks": [] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/38", "start": 100404, "end": 102857 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/38/1", "start": 100423, "end": 100703 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-7f6a2109866f00c5bc84a13f", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/38/1/0", "start": 100427, "end": 100562 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/a3c6799704af700473bf455545ffaa774362482f047efacc5bff708cda817e92.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-a4b714f85791b044f0250110", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/38/1/1", "start": 100563, "end": 100698 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/a3c6799704af700473bf455545ffaa774362482f047efacc5bff708cda817e92.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/38/3", "start": 100719, "end": 100727 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/38/5", "start": 100743, "end": 101630 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-db243254610a4a6965532963", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/38/5/0/0", "start": 100750, "end": 101442 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Terhase Gebremichel Andu,", "href": "/documents/71e5bbcf4c976b7425984a8c/" }, { "text": " 28, and " }, { "text": "Ferewine Genzabu Kifly,", "href": "/documents/71e5bbcf4c976b7425984a8c/" }, { "text": " 21, died as the result of starvation and untreated health problems, confidential sources inside Eritrea told Open Doors. 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"text": "Dawit Isaak", "href": "http://www.thelocal.se/tag/dawit_isaak", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ", who has been imprisoned in ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Eritrea", "href": "http://www.thelocal.se/tag/eritrea", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " since 2001, has been moved from prison and may be dead, according to Swedish journalist Lars Adaktusson.", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "read more", "href": "/documents/8b83453a4461a39d798616d9/" }, { "text": " [" }, { "text": " Eritrean-born journalist Dawit Isaak awarded UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize 2017", "href": "/documents/5ad34cb848dbd33b2bfec196/" }, { "text": "]" } ] } ] }, { "column": 9, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/38/15", "start": 102831, "end": 102839 }, "blocks": [] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/1/1/0/1/48/1/0/1/40", "start": 102871, "end": 104555 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": 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By the time the government relocated the prisoners and staff to Mitire Military Concentration Camp, at least one of them, Mesfin Gebrekristos, was among those who succumbed to both weakened health and the illness. Mesfin was a believer who spent the last year imprisoned for his faith. 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"/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/8/1/0", "start": 113260, "end": 113544 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ሃይለ ወልደተንሳኤ ዕቕቡ (ድሩዕ)፡ ከምቶም ካልኦት ብጾቱ ንቡር ተሓሪሙ፡ ብዕለት 26 ለይቲ ኣብ ሰናጭሮ ዒራዒሮ ብኸውሊ ዝተቐብረ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ሓለዋ ካብ ዝነበሩ ኣባላት ሚኪኤለ ወረደ፡ ትንስኡ ተወልደ፡ ዑስማን ዑመርን መድሃኔ መሓሪን ዝተብሃሉ ሓመድ ኣዳም ከምዘለበስዎ ተፈሊጡ ኣሎ፡፡ ንስድራቤቱን መላእ ህዝቢ ኤርትራን ጽንዓት ይሃብኩም ይሃበና እንዳበልኩ ተወሳኺ ዝርዝር ሓበሬታ ከምዘስዕበልኩም በዚ ኣጋጣሚ ክገልጽ እፈቱ፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-c0a3b72f8421a1f693b76ae2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/10/0", "start": 113580, "end": 113709 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ብቅይዱ ከይዱ", "href": "/documents/3ad30c4177a8543be392920d/" } ] }, { "id": "b-733256f00e9a11c88e79cadb", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/12/1", "start": 113761, "end": 113892 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "መን ከም ሃይለ ድሩዕ! ኣቦ ቃልሲ!", "href": "/documents/71f6387f5767a0f70b59fa1a/" } ] }, { "id": "b-31407e85f76defd4b2060802", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/14", "start": 113937, "end": 114102 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "Breaking News Eritrea, ሓርበኛ ሃይለ ወ/ትንሳኤ ዓሪፉ", "href": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0r919x0eZI" } ] }, { "id": "b-ea31ea260a312a4b1c651866", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/16", "start": 114122, "end": 114305 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "ዕላል ሃይለ ወ/ትንሳኤ(ዱሩዕ)ምስ ዳን ኮነል»ኣነን ኢሰያስን ሙሴን ንኸይ ንጠላለም(ኤ)ተወቂጥና", "href": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wh1I6IEQmtY" } ] }, { "id": "b-a55d193d99ca752859c02595", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/18", "start": 114325, "end": 114476 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "ምስጢራዊ ብዛዕባ ሞተ (ድሩዕ) New 2018", "href": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEN54YyO2Ts" } ] }, { "id": "b-aff69c654c24f7c24a5b8d6d", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/20", "start": 114496, "end": 114637 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "The Eritrean diaspora is mourning", "href": "/documents/56dff2353c9b90c8758e8a2d/" } ] }, { "id": "b-57c8bfa8a9ff1b3c6b02f71f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/22/0", "start": 114660, "end": 114778 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The alleged death in detention of veteran freedom fighter Durue deeply saddened, but also angered the Eritreans abroad." }, { "text": " read more", "href": "/documents/56dff2353c9b90c8758e8a2d/" } ] }, { "id": "b-de8cec6ac6f5cf97ac451e83", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/26/0", "start": 114942, "end": 115067 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/dc41044e4b39ac777ff3294c07137a448563a938aadd131672664dbd203a7073.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-22d062c9de74088fd59c27c3", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/28", "start": 115091, "end": 115268 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "ሽማግለ ቤት ትምህርቲ ኣልድያእ ዝነበሩ ሓጂ ሙሳ መሓመድ ኑር ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓሪፎም", "href": "https://www.bbc.com/tigrinya/news-43290307" } ] }, { "id": "b-8f8dbd72ed6a7a8c70358836", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/30/0", "start": 115291, "end": 115336 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሓጂ ሙሳ መሓመድ ኑር ኣብ መበል 93 ዕድሚኦም ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዓሪፎም" } ] }, { "id": "b-fa3f28b5c99b86a8f1ba224a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/32/0", "start": 115363, "end": 115506 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ ኣስመራ እትርከብ ቤት ትምህርቲ ኣልድያእ ኣል ኢስላምያ ንኽትዕጾ ብመንግስቲ ኤርትራ ዝቐረበ ውሳኔ ዝተቓወሙ ኣቦይ ሓጂ ሙሳ መሓመድ ኑር፡ ብቐዳም 3 መጋቢት 2018 ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ከም ዝዓረፉ ምንጭታት ሓቢሮም።" } ] }, { "id": "b-6cad7ba6e8b4e970427e5d72", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/34/0", "start": 115533, "end": 115684 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "መንግሰቲ ኤርትራ፡ ብ20 ጥቕምቲ 2017፡ ኣልድያእ ኣል ኢስላምያ ንኽትዕጾ ትእዛዝ ምስተዋህበ፡ ሓጂ ሙሳ ነቲ መንግስቲ ዘመሓላለፎ መምርሒ ብምቅዋም ምስ ተማሃሮን ወለድን ኣብ ዝረዳድኡሉ ዝነበሩ እዋን እዮም ኣብ ትሕቲ ቐይዲ ውዒሎም።" } ] }, { "id": "b-7dc84bdf95bbb6e4d25b0be2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/36/0", "start": 115711, "end": 115818 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ድሕሪ ማእሰርቶም ብዝሰዓበ ሰላማዊ ሰልፊ ብዙሓት ተማሃሮን ወለድን ከምእተኣስሩ ይዝከር። ንሃለዋቶም ብዝምልከት ከኣ ክሳብ ሕጂ ደሃይ ከምዘየሎ ምንጭታትና ወሲኾም ኣረዲኦም።" } ] }, { "id": "b-2fb7aed25a53114a16a62577", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/38/0", "start": 115845, "end": 116085 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ መፋርቕ መስከረም ዝሓለፈ ዓመት፡ ቤት ትምህርቲ ኣልድያእ ኣል ኢስላምያ ናብ መንግስቲ ክትሰጋገር ዘዋሪ መልእኽቲ ከምዝበጽሓ፡ ሽማግለ ወለዲ እታ ቤት ትምህርቲ፡ 'እዛ ቤት ትምህርቲ ብገንዘብ ህዝቢ ስለዝተሰርሐት ናይ ህዝቢ ቤት ትምህርቲ ከኣ ስለዝኾነት መንግስቲ ኣይወረሳን እዩ' ኢሎም ከምዝተቓወሙን ምስ ተማሃሮን ወለድን ብኣኼባ ከምእተዘራረቡን ምጽብጻብና ይዝከር።" } ] }, { "id": "b-b7b3e068829efc0669c423b9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/0/1/40/0", "start": 116112, "end": 116272 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሓጂ ሙሳ መሓመድ ኑር ኣባል ምንቕስቓስ ተጋድሎ ሓርነት ኤርትራ ኮይኖም ከምዝተቓለሱ መረዳእታታት ይሕብሩ። ኣባል ኮሚሽን ረፈረንዱምን ኮሚሽን ቅዋም ኤርትራን ነበር ሓዎም፡ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ጣሃ መሓመድ ኑር እውን ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ከምዝሞቱ ይዝከር።" } ] }, { "id": "b-cb503cef8392af52b126e0fe", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/0/0", "start": 116388, "end": 116512 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/30562ae379b0f37768c8e060818e85fa52715c400eb50ed1ea3a6b24b0f7493d.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-28c27576769c5276e502412f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/0/1", "start": 116513, "end": 116664 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ምስጢራዊ ስቅያት ንጹሃት ጀጋኑ", "href": "/documents/8983fa8b7e04ed66fd8cf34d/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-5d409fda99b7407e1c8e7c06", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/2/0", "start": 116685, "end": 116856 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሕይወቶም ዝሰአኑ ዜጋታት ኤርትራ፤", "href": "/documents/1cffc786ae5949c4af4bff21/", "marks": [ "strong", "underline" ] }, { "text": "-", "marks": [ 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"text": "አብ ሚኒስትሪ ጉዳያን ወጻኢ ኃላፊ ማ/ምብራቕ" } ] } ] }, { "column": 4, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/15/7", "start": 120895, "end": 120967 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-5e9d2e6644557eb9c95dd96b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/15/7/0/0", "start": 120902, "end": 120931 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "ዒራዒሮ" } ] } ] }, { "column": 5, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/15/9", "start": 120987, "end": 121069 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-bbcab203abfe63b3c3e34dc1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/15/9/0/0", "start": 120994, "end": 121033 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "መስከረም 22 2003" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/17", "start": 121109, "end": 121624 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, 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"start": 121852, "end": 121927 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-5707fbbaf1f04c7474fea2b7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/19/5/0/0", "start": 121859, "end": 121891 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "አኽባር ሕጊ" } ] } ] }, { "column": 4, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/19/7", "start": 121947, "end": 122019 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-a3e77b485852df1b2c604b42", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/19/7/0/0", "start": 121954, "end": 121983 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "ዒራዒሮ" } ] } ] }, { "column": 5, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/19/9", "start": 122039, "end": 122116 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-99f719e8bc90dee4b172434d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/19/9/0/0", "start": 122046, "end": 122080 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "ጥሪ 1 2005" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/21", "start": 122156, "end": 122654 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/21/1", "start": 122179, "end": 122249 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-718bc12a382312353a810e36", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/21/1/0/0", "start": 122186, "end": 122213 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "10" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/21/3", "start": 122269, "end": 122348 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-ad6649f140ec1176e45581a2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/21/3/0/0", "start": 122276, "end": 122312 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "ስዒድ ዓብደልቃድር" } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/21/5", "start": 122368, "end": 122440 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-dca3d4d17747fadb2612e1b2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/21/5/0/0", "start": 122375, "end": 122404 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "ጋዜጠኛ" } ] } ] }, { "column": 4, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/21/7", "start": 122460, "end": 122532 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-9ced501b3508c7427e14d3ef", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/21/7/0/0", "start": 122467, "end": 122496 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "ዒራዒሮ" } ] } ] }, { "column": 5, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/21/9", "start": 122552, "end": 122632 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-371cbe3dd62e68ca93355d4a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/21/9/0/0", "start": 122559, "end": 122596 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "መጋቢት 3. 2005" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/23", "start": 122672, "end": 123166 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/23/1", "start": 122695, "end": 122766 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-948dcdd91e99e801c8034a71", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/23/1/0/0", "start": 122702, "end": 122730 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "11." } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/23/3", "start": 122786, "end": 122862 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-0ae375e5d0e05048fc36f7e8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/23/3/0/0", "start": 122793, "end": 122826 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "መድኃኔ ኀይለ" } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/23/5", "start": 122882, "end": 122954 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-bb2b6638f7ffe9d576baccc1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/23/5/0/0", "start": 122889, "end": 122918 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "ጋዜጠኛ" } ] } ] }, { "column": 4, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/23/7", "start": 122974, "end": 123046 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-0f46c4e8c75dea860783b47f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/23/7/0/0", "start": 122981, "end": 123010 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "ዒራዒሮ" } ] } ] }, { "column": 5, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/23/9", "start": 123066, "end": 123144 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-a16393f6023244d4fc9ddf83", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/23/9/0/0", "start": 123073, "end": 123108 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "ሐምለ 2 2006" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/25", "start": 123184, "end": 123692 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/25/1", "start": 123207, "end": 123278 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-749b6ddac1391376fbd5ba09", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/25/1/0/0", "start": 123214, "end": 123242 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "12." } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/25/3", "start": 123298, "end": 123378 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-d388da8beda5f6e53aea4668", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/25/3/0/0", "start": 123305, "end": 123342 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "አባ ኪዳነ ማርያም" } ] } ] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/25/5", "start": 123398, "end": 123482 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-37e04365c9724ff03b7a2569", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/25/5/0/0", "start": 123405, "end": 123446 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "ፈላሲ አብ ማርያም ዓይላ" } ] } ] }, { "column": 4, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/25/7", "start": 123502, "end": 123574 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-6be55f2ac7b20997268c4c8b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/25/7/0/0", "start": 123509, "end": 123538 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "ዒራዒሮ" } ] } ] }, { "column": 5, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/25/9", "start": 123594, "end": 123670 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-a4db3a2a935f9a9529b0b2c4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/25/9/0/0", "start": 123601, "end": 123634 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "ሐምለ 2002" } ] } ] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/27", "start": 123710, "end": 124182 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/27/1", "start": 123733, "end": 123804 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-94a1bc82fb63836f8c2c6caf", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/27/1/0/0", "start": 123740, "end": 123768 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "13." } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/27/3", "start": 123824, "end": 123893 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/27/5", "start": 123913, "end": 123982 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 4, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/27/7", "start": 124002, "end": 124071 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 5, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/27/9", "start": 124091, "end": 124160 }, "blocks": [] } ] }, { "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/29", "start": 124200, "end": 124671 }, "cells": [ { "column": 1, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/29/1", "start": 124223, "end": 124293 }, "blocks": [ { "id": "b-03c21f14e04e68ff1038712b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/29/1/0/0", "start": 124230, "end": 124257 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "14" } ] } ] }, { "column": 2, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/29/3", "start": 124313, "end": 124382 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 3, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/29/5", "start": 124402, "end": 124471 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 4, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/29/7", "start": 124491, "end": 124560 }, "blocks": [] }, { "column": 5, "label": [], "header": false, "colspan": 1, "rowspan": 1, "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/4/1/29/9", "start": 124580, "end": 124649 }, "blocks": [] } ] } ] }, { "id": "b-967cc6d038903a9875791888", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/6/0", "start": 124732, "end": 124863 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "ክቡራት ዜጋታት ብዙኃት ኤርትራውያን ዜጋጣት ብሕብእ ሕቡእ ሕይወቶም ይጠፍእ ምህላዉ ኲሉ ፈሊጡ ብሓድነት ነዚ ጠጠው ንምባል ብሓደ ማዕረ ከም ስኒ አድጊ ዄንና ንሥራሕ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-e0f6f76ed26336bb7a6e075f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/8/0", "start": 124884, "end": 124890 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Source " }, { "text": "http://www.mekaleh.org", "href": "http://www.mekaleh.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1318%3A2009-09-24-20-01-16&Itemid=18" } ] }, { "id": "b-ac0ed6382fb196e8552e4909", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/10/0", "start": 125121, "end": 125155 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣስማት ስዉኣት ግዳያት ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዒራ-ዒሮ ብዝርዝር\n ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''\n [ምንጪ ጽሑፍ]\n -ብሳክቲዝም- ህግደፋዊ ናይ ጥፍኣት ስነ-ሓሳብ ዝፍለጥ፡ ስሙ ንግዚኡ ክዕቀበሉ ዝመረጸ ኤርትራዊ-ዜጋ" } ] }, { "id": "b-d1c7e1e68e60bbb5f968c6c1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/12/0", "start": 125396, "end": 125427 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► ጀነራል ዕቑበ ኣብርሃ [መለለዪ ቁጽሪ- 13] \n +++++++++++++++++++++++\n 1948 ተወሊዱ፡ መባእታን ካልኣይን ደረጃ ትምህርቱ ኣብ ደቀምሓረ ወዲኡ። ኣብ ኣዲስ ኣበባ ዩኒቨርስቲ ናይ ላዕለዋይ ደረጃ ትምህርቱ ምስ ወድአ፡ 1972 ናብ ህ-ግ-ሓ-ኤ ተሰሊፉ። ኣብ 1977 ኣብ 1ይ ጉባኤ ኣባል ማእከላይ ሽማግለን ፖለቲካዊ ቤ/ጽሕፈትን ኮይኑ ተመሪጹ። 1978-1984 ኣዛዚ ሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ሳሕል ኮይኑ ወራራት ስርዓት ደርግ ኣብ ምፍሻል መሪሕ ተራ ተጻዊቱ። ድሕሪ ናጽነት ሚኒስተር ንግድን ኢንዱስትሪን፣ ቀጺሉ ሚኒስተር ዕዮን ሰብኣዊ ድሕነትን፣ ኣስዒቡ’ዉን ኣብ 1999 ኣብ እዋን ኩናት ኢትዮ-ኤርትራ ናይ ጀነራል መዓርግ ተዋሂብዎ ሓላፊ ቁጠባ…፣ ምምሕዳርን…፣ ጥዕናን…፣ ከምኡ’ውን ብዓቢኡ ኣብቲ ዝለዓለ ስልጣን ኣዛዚ ስታፍ ሓይልታት-ምክልኻል-ኤርትራ ኮይኑ ኣገልጊሉ። ኣባል G-15 ተባሂሉ ብዕለት 18/09/2001 ተዓፊኑ እምባትካላ ምስተወስደ፡ ነዊሕ ከይጸንሐ ብዕለት 13/10/2002 ►ተሰዊኡ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-7d194ce4988f4004942cb504", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/14/0", "start": 126046, "end": 126075 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► ማሕሙድ ኣሕመድ ሸሪፎ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ 27]\n ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ \n 1948 ተወሊዱ፡ 1966 ናብ ተጋድሎ ሓርነት ኤርትራ ብምስላፉ፡ ኣባል ክፍሊ-5 ኮይኑ ኣገልጊሉ። 1970 ናብ ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት ብምጽንባር፡ ቅድምን ድሕርን ናጽነት ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ላዕለዋይ ጽፍሕታት መንግስቲ ሰሪሑ። ሓላፊ ክፍሊ ሓበሬታን ፕሮፖጋንዳ…፣ ሓላፊ ክፍሊ ህዝቢ…፣ ድሕሪ ናጽነት ድማ ሚኒስትሪ ዞባዊ ምምሕዳርን…፣ ብተወሳኺ ፕረሲደንት ኣብ ዘይህልወሉ ድማ ከም ፕረሲደንት ኮይኑን እዩ ሰሪሑ። ጸኒሑ ድማ ከም ኣቦ-ወንበር ምርጫ ሽማግለ ኮይኑ’ዉን ኣገልጊሉ እዩ። ከም ካልኦት ብጾቱ ዴሞክራስያዊ ለውጢ ስለዝጠለበ ብዕለት 18.09.2001 ምስተቐየደ ድማ ድሕሪ ክልተ ዓመታት ብዕለት 04.06.2003 ኣብ ቤት-ማእሰርቲ እምባትካላ ►ተሰዊኡ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-d8ed25e6a73c06cbc5c4b0ad", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/16/0", "start": 126582, "end": 126610 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► ሳልሕ እድሪስ ከክያ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ 6] \n +++++++++++++++++++++\n 1950 ተወሊዱ፡ ኣብ ባህር-ዳር(ኢትዮጵያ) ፖሊ-ቴክኒክ ክመሃር ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ፡ ትምህርቱ ኣቋሪጹ ብ1976 ናብ ህ-ግ-ሓ-ኤ ተሰሊፉ። ኣብ ሜዳ መምህር ፖለቲካዊ ስነ-ፍልጠት ነይሩ። ቀጺሉ ኮሚሽን ሓላፊ ማእከል ወተሃደራዊ ስልጠና ነይሩ። ኣብ 2ይ ጉባኤ ናይ ግንባር ኣብ ማእከላይ ሽማግለ ተመሪጹ፡፡ ድሕሪ ናጽነት ኣባል ማእከላይ ሽማግለ ህ-ግ-ደ-ፍ…፣ ኣባል ሃገራዊ ባይቶ…፣ ሚኒስተር መጓዓዝያን መራኸቢታትን…፣ ሓላፊ ፕረሲደንታዊ ቤ/ጽሕፈት…፣ ምክትል ወጻኢ ጉዳያትን…፣ ኣምባሳደር ኤርትራ ኣብ ሱዳንን ኮይኑ ኣገልጊሉ። ኣብ 2000 ዓ/ም ካብ ዝነበሮ ሓላፍነት ወሪዱ ከንቲባ ከተማ ዓሰብ ከምዝኸዉን ተገይሩ። ንለውጢ ስለዝጠለበ ድማ ብ18 መስከረም 2001 ምስ ብጾቱ ተዳጒኑ። ብዕለት 12/06/2003 ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ►ተሰዊኡ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-c02ade136380c4848f8c4f53", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/18/0", "start": 127164, "end": 127186 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► ሑሞድ ሕምድ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ31]\n ++++++++++++++++++++\n 1955 ተወሊዱ፡ ኣብ ሱዳን ዓብዩ ኣብ ግብጺ ድማ ተማሂሩ። ብምቕጻል ኣብ ዩኒቨርስቲ ዒራቕ ብኬሚስትሪ ተመሪቑ። ኣብ እዋን ቃልሲ ‹ኣባል ሓፋሽ ውድባት› ብምዃን ኣብ ሱዳን፣ ግብጺ፣ ሊብያን፣ የመንን፣ ብልዑል ንቕሓት ንመንእሰያት ይውድብ ነይሩ። ካብ 1994-2001 ኣባል ፈጻሚ ኣካል ህ-ግ-ደ-ፍ…፣ ኣባል ሃገራዊ ባይቶ…፣ ሓላፊ ኣውራጃ ሰንሒት…፣ ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ ጉዳያት ወጻኢ ሓላፊ ክፍሊ ፖለቲካን ጨንፈር ማእከላይን ምብራቕን ሰሜን ኣፍሪቃን ብምዃን ኣገልጊሉ። ኣብ መወዳእታ ድማ ኣምባሳደር ሃገረ-ኤርትራ ኣብ ሱዕዲ-ዓረብ ኮይኑ ብተወፋይነት ዘገልገለ ጅግና እዩ። ብ18 መስከረም 2001 ኣባል ጉጅለ-15 ተባሂሉ ተዳጒኑ። ብዕለት 22/09/2003 ድማ ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ►ተሰዊኡ፡፡" } ] }, { "id": "b-c95937590adb5dcc46266ce5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/20/0", "start": 127709, "end": 127739 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► ወ/ሮ ኣስቴር ፍስሃጽዮን [መለለዪ ቁጽራ11]\n +++++++++++++++++++++++++\n 1951 ተወሊዳ፡ ብ1974 ናብ ገድሊ ዝተሰለፈት ገዲም ተጋዳሊት እያ፡፡ ኣስቴር በዓልቲ-ቤቱ ንሚኒስተር ማሕሙድ ሸሪፎ እያ ነይራ። ሓደ ቆልዓ ወሊዶም። ነቲ እንኮ ውሉዳ ነቲ ንናይ ቀረባ ሓላፊኣ ዝነበረ ብኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ ዝተቐንጸለ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ንምዝካር ‹ኢብራሂም› ኢላ እያ ሰይማቶ። ድሕሪ ናጽነት ኣባል ማእከላይ ሽማግለ ህ-ግ-ደ-ፍ-ን ኣባል ሃገራዊ ባይቶን ነይራ። ብድሕሪ 1996 ነቲ እንዳገበለ ዝመጽእ ንዝነበረ ውልቀ-መላኺ ዲክታቶር ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ ብምቅዋማ፡ ካብ ሓላፍነታ ደስኪላ እያ ነይራ። 1999 ናብ ዝነበረቶ ሓላፍነት ተመሊሳ ክትሰርሕ ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ፡ ምስቶም «ሰላማውን ዲሞክራስያውን ዘተ» ዝብል ቅሉዕ መልእኽቲ ናብ ፕረሲደንት ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ ዝለኣኹ እያ ነይራ። ኣባል ጉጅለ-15 ተባሂላ ድማ ብዕለት18 መስከረም 2001 ተዳጒና። ብዕለት 8/06/2003 ከኣ ብሓያል ጸቕጢ ኪሎማ ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ►ተሰዊኣ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-b9f53713fb1b59fe5194c9ee", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/22/0", "start": 128365, "end": 128392 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► ጀርማኖ ናቲ ምሽሾ [መለለዬ ቁጽሩ 30]\n ++++++++++++++++++++++\n 1940 ተወሊዱ፡ ናይ መባእታን ማእከላይን ደረጃ ትምህርቱ ኣብ ኣሸሺ (ቅዱስ-ፍራንስ) ተማሂሩ፡ ኣብ ፔታጎ ብኣካውንቲንግ ድሕሪ ምምራቑ፡ ካብ 1971-76 ኣብ ባራቶሊ (ጡጥ ፋብሪካ ዓሊ-ጊደር) ተመዲቡ ክሰርሕ ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ፡ ኣባል ጀብሃ ተባሂሉ ተጠርጢሩ ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ሰንበል ብደርግ ተኣሲሩ። ጀብሃ ብወታደራዊ ስርሒት ኣወጺኣቶ። ድሕሪ ምውጽኡ ድማ ናብ ሻዕብያ ተሰሊፉ። ምስ በዓል ደሃብ ፋዪድ ቲንጋ ንከሰላ ተላኢኹ ንተወለድቲ ብሄር ኩናማ ብምጉስጓስ ኣብ ጎድኒ ህ-ግ-ሓ-ኤ ከምዝስለፉ ዝገበረ ሙዑት ተጋዳላይ እዩ። ብ1987 ኣብ 2ይ ውድባዊ-ጉባኤ ኣባል ማእከላይ ሽማግለ ኮይኑ ተመሪጹ። ድሕሪ ናጽነት ኣመሓዳሪ ጋሽን-ሰቲትን ኮይኑ ተመዚዙ። 1994 ኣብ 3ይ ጉባኤ ንካልኣይ ግዜ ኣባል ማእከላይ ሽማግለን ፈጻሚት ፖለቲካዊ ቤ/ጽ ህ-ግ-ደ-ፍ-ን ኮይኑ። ኣብ ዓመተ 2000 ኣመሓዳሪ ዞባ ደቡባዊ ቀይሕ-ባሕሪ ብምዃን ተመዲቡ። ኣባል ጉጅለ-15 ተባሂሉ ድማ ብዕለት 18/09/2001 ተኣሲሩ። ብዝተፈላለየ ሕማማት ነዊሕ ክሳቐ ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ፡ ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ዒራ-ዒሮ ኣብ ወርሒ 01/2009 ►ተሰዊኡ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-073338a919905547042f455a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/24/0", "start": 129130, "end": 129159 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► ኣልኣዛር መስፍን ጉዱም [መለለዬ ቁጽሩ 1]\n ++++++++++++++++++++++++\n ካብ ኣብኡ ኣቶ መስፍን ጉድምን ኣዲኡ ወ/ሮ ምስላ ደበሳይን ኣብ ዞባ-ማእከል ተወሊዱ እዩ ዓብዩ። 5 ኣሕዋቱ ንሜዳ(ናብ ቃልሲ) ወሪዶም፡ ካብኦም ፍቕረን ኣሮንን ዝበሃሉ ምእንተ ናጽነት ተሰዊኦም። ምሕረቱ ኣካለ ስንክልቲ ኮይና ኣትያ።፡ ምስግና ዝበሃል ሓዉ ድማ ብደርግ ብሕሱም ተቐጥቂጡ ኣእምሮኡ ዝሰሓተ ኣለዎ። ኣልኣዛር ብቢዝነስ ኣድሚንስትረሽን ኣብ ኣዲስ አበባ ዩንቨርሲቲ ድሕሪ ምምራቑ፡ ብ1975 ንሜዳ ወሪዱ። ድሕሪ ናጽነት ድማ ናብ ኣሜሪካ ተላኢኹ ብማስትሬት ዲግሪ ብዝለዓለ ነጥቢ ተመሪቑ ንሃገሩ ተመሊሱ። ኣልኣዛር ኣቦ 3 ውሉዳት ኮይኑ ደቁ -ጴጥሮስ፣ -ኑኤልን፣ -ናታንን ዝበሃሉ ኣብ ኣዲስ አበባ ተሰዲዶም ይርከቡ። ተደናጋጺ G-15 ተባሂሉ ብዕለት 18.09.2001 ምስ ብጾቱ ኣብ እምባትካላን ዒራ-ዒሮን ተኣሲሩ። ወርሒ 9/2011 ►ተሰዊኡን ኣብ ሩባ ዒራ-ዒሮ ተቐቢሩን።" } ] }, { "id": "b-f3a35a3d050e80b5a8df7a7a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/26/0", "start": 129744, "end": 129774 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► ተስፋይ ገብረኣብ(ጎመራ) [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ16]\n +++++++++++++++++++++++++\n ክእሰር እንከሎ ዕድሚኡ 53 ይገብር ነይሩ። ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ህ-ግ-ሓ-ኤ- ‘‘ጎሞራ’’ ኣባል እንዳ 72 ኮይኑ እዩ ናብ ናጽነት ኣትዩ። ድሕሪ ናጽነት፡ ኣብ ማእከላይ ቤ/ጽ ህ-ግ-ደ-ፍ…፣ ኢሚግረሽን…፣ ኣብ ሚ/ሪ ዕዮን ሰብኣዊ ድሕነትን…፣ ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ ወጻኢ ጉዳያት -ዲፕሎማት- እዩ ነይሩ። ተደናጋጺ ጉጅለ-15 ተባሂሉ ኣብ ዓመተ 2001 ተኣሲሩ እምባትካላን ዒራዒሮን ኣትዩ። ኣብ ሞንጎ ወርሒ10ን 12ን /2010 ድማ ►ተሰዊኡ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-37776e4860c4e05763b1de97", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/28/0", "start": 130134, "end": 130169 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► ኪሮስ ተስፋንኪኤል(ኪሮስዓወር) [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ 21]\n ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++\n ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ኪሮስ ዓወር፡ ኣብ ሜዳ ፋርማሲስት ኮይኑ ይሰርሕ ኔሩ። ድሕሪ ናጽነት ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ ቱሪዝም ዳይረክተር ጀነራል ኮይኑ ተመዱቡ ክሰርሕ ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ፡ ንዝለዓለ ትምህርቲ ናብ ኣሜሪካ ተላኢኹ ብ International Relations ማስተሩ ሰሪሑ ተመልሰ’ሞ፡ ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ ወጻኢ ጉዳያት ኮይኑ ተመዲቡ ከም ዝሰርሕ ዝተገበረ ኣዚዩ በሊሕ ተጋዳላይ ምንባሩ ይፍለጥ። ሓደ እዋን ሓደ ታሪኻዊ ቃል ንወዱ ‘‘ንፍቕረ’’ ገሊጹሉ እዩ ሓሊፉ። «,,,ፍቕረ ወደይ ንሕና ብኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ ተገዚእና ኢና ኣቲና፡ ንስኻ ከኣ ብኣብርሃም ኢሳይያስ ከይትግዛእ ሓደራ…!!» ከምዝበሎ ይፍለጥ። ወርሒ 9/2011 ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ድማ ►ተሰዊኡ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-a4b4e891b1d96c1c1f6328f7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/30/0", "start": 130659, "end": 130693 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► ሲራጅ ኢብራሂም መሓመድ ኪያር [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ 26]\n +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ \n ዕድሚኡ ከባቢ 63 እዩ። ደረጃ ትምህርቱ ድማ ቢኤ ዲግሪ። ናብ ሜዳ ዝተሰለፈሉ ብ1969/70 ኮይኑ፡ ፈለማ ኣባል ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት…፡ ደሓር ድማ ተጋደላይ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ኮይኑ እዩ ናብ ናጽነት ኣትዩ። ድሕሪ ናጽነት ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ-ምክልኻል ኣባል መኮንን-ጥዕና ኮይኑ ይሰርሕ ነበረ። ብድሕሪ እዚ ግዜ እዚ፡ ኣብ ሱዑዲ-ዓረብ ከም -ዲፕሎማት- ሃገረ-ኤርትራ ኮይኑ እዩ ኣገልጊሉ። በዓልቲ ቤቱ ወ/ሮ ጽገሬዳ በየነ ተኽለሚካኤል ገዲም ተጋዳሊት ህ-ግ-ሓ-ኤ እያ። ኣቦ 3 ቆልዑ ኮይኑ ደቁ \n → ኣድሃም ሲራጅ፣ \n → ኣድያም ሲራጅን፣ \n → ፌርዶስ ሲራጅን ይበሃሉ። \n ድሕሪ ማእሰርቲ ኣቦኦም -ኣድሃም ሲራጅ ናብ ኢትዮጵያ፣ -ኣድያም ሲራጅ ድማ ናብ ኣሜሪካ ተሰዲዶም ኣለው። ብተለምዶ ‹ዶክተር ሲራጅ› ተባሂሉ ዝፍለጥ ‘‘ተጋ/ ሲራጅ ኢብራሂም’’ ብዕለት 19/09/2001 ካብ ሆቴል TOP FIVE ኣስመራ ብኣባላት ጸጥታ ተዓፊኑ ተወሲዱ፡ ኣብ እምባትከላ ኣትዩ ብድሕሪኡ ናብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ቀጺሉ። ልክዕ ኣብ 10 ዓመቱ ኣብ ወርሒ 9/2011 ድማ ብሰንኪ ግፍዓዊ ማእሰርቲ ጉጅለ ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ►ተሰዊኡ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-21119dc0fce40c3b4995c970", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/32/0", "start": 131451, "end": 131480 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► ፍስሃ ዮውሃንስ(ጆሽዋ) [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ10]\n ++++++++++++++++++++++++\n ናይ 1977 ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ህ-ግ-ሓ-ኤ ኮይኑ፡ ዋና ኣሰናዳእን መስራትን ናይ ጋዜጣ ሰቲት እዩ ነይሩ። ገጣማይ…፣ ዳይረክተር ፊልም…፣ መራሒ ጉጅለ ባህልን…፣ ኣሰልጣኒ ኤይሮቢክስን…፣ ድማ ነይሩ። ብድሕሪ ናጽነት ኣብ ዓባይ-ብሪጣንያ ተማሂሩ ንዓዱ ተመሊሱ። ዕድሚኡ ኣብ’ቲ እዋን’ቲ ከባቢ 46 ነይሩ። ደጋፊ ጉጅለ-15 ተባሂሉ ብ18/09/2001 ተዳጒኑ። ‹ስለምንታይ ከምዝተኣሰረ?› ደጋጊሙ ይሓትት’ኳ እንተነበረ፡ ሰማዒ ብዘይ-ምርካቡ ኣዝዩ ይሓርቕ ነበረ። ብኽቱር ሕርቃን…፣ ብናይ መግቢ ምሕሳም ኣድማን…፣ ብተደጋጋሚ ናይ ነብሰ-ቕትለት ፈተነታት የካይድ ነይሩ። ኣብ መወዳእታ ኣብ ቤት ማእስርቲ እምባትካላ ብዕለት 13.10.2002 ነብሰ-ቕትለት ፈጺሙ ድማ ►ተሰዊኡ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-dff12bf563fc12921f01df7f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/34/0", "start": 131986, "end": 132012 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► ዳዊት ሃብተሚካኤል [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ12]\n +++++++++++++++++++++++ \n ምክትል ዋና ኣሰናዳእን መስራትን ጋዜጣ መቓልሕ እዩ ነይሩ። ካብ ኣስመራ ዩኒቨርሰቲ ብፊዚክስ ተመሪቑ። ካብ ወርሒ 10 ክሳብ ወርሒ 12/2010 ኣብ ዉሽጢ ዘሎ ግዜ ►ተሰዊኡ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-5f653c50a54196bd3304b229", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/36/0", "start": 132195, "end": 132222 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► መድሃኔ ሃይለ ኣፍለ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ 8]\n ++++++++++++++++++++++ \n መስራትን ምክትል ኣሰናዳኢ ጋዜጣ ቀስተ-ደመና እዩ ነይሩ። ካብ ኣስመራ ዩኒቨርስቲ ብሕጊ ተመሪቑ። ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ ፍትሒ ተመዲቡ ንሃገሩ ከገልግል ድሕሪ ምጽንሑ፡ ተደናጋጺ ጉጅለ-15 ተባሂሉ ኣብ ቀዪዲ እምባትካላን ዒራ-ዒሮን ኣትዩ። ብዕለት 08/02/2006 ድማ ►ተሰዊኡ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-cc918c18a73f7a8efefc3ed7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/38/0", "start": 132469, "end": 132494 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► ማቴዎስ ሃብተኣብ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ20]\n +++++++++++++++++++++\n ጋዜጠኛ ናይ ጋዜጣ መቓልሕ እዩ ነይሩ። ካብ ኣስመራ ዩኒቨርስቲ ብስነ-ቁጽሪ ተመሪቑ። ዕድሚኡ ኣስታት 44 ይግመት። ኣብ ዓመተ 2005 ድማ ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ►ተሰዊኡ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-7950bc6a550d5dc00498a198", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/40/0", "start": 132667, "end": 132693 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► ዮሱፍ መሓመድ ዓሊ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ 8]\n ++++++++++++++++++++++\n ዋና ኣሰናዳኢ ብሕታዊት ጋዜጣ ጽጌናይ ነይሩ። ናይ ቢዝነስ ኣድሚኒስትረሽን ምሩቕ’ዉን እዩ። እታ ንዮሱፍ መሓመድ ዓሊ ካብ እምባትካላ ጀሚራ ዝተዓደለቶ መለለዪት ቁጽሪ 8 ድሕሪ መስዋእቱ ንስውእ መድሃኔ ሃይለ ተዓዲላ ዝነበረት እያ። ብዕለት 7/06/2003 ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ►ተሰዊኡ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-76657c88a1e82cb4a02b9037", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/42/0", "start": 132944, "end": 132970 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► ስዒድ ዓብደልቃድር [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ24]\n ++++++++++++++++++++++\n ወዲ 48 ዓመት ምንባሩ ዝግመት ጋዜጠኛ ስዒድ ዓብደልቃድር፡ ዋና ኣሰናዳእን መስራትን ጋዜጣ ኣድማስ እዩ ነይሩ። ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ ዜና ድማ ኣብ ጋዜጣ ኤርትራ ኣልሓዲሳ ጸሓፊ እዩ ነይሩ። ኣብ ወርሒ 3/2005 ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ ብማሕነቕቲ (ነብሰ-ቕትለት) ፈጺሙ ►ተሰዊኡ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-2e63c80edd064c2af1f00863", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/44/0", "start": 133212, "end": 133237 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► ሳህለ ጸጋዝኣብ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ 32]\n ++++++++++++++++++++\n ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ህ-ግ-ሓ-ኤ ኮይኑ፡ ድሕሪ ናጽነት ድማ ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ ፍትሒ ናይ ሲቪላዊ ገበናት ሓላፊ እዩ ነይሩ። ኣብ ወርሒ1/2005 ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ►ተሰዊኡ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-e4b9b9e127381518f2850e45", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/46/0", "start": 133406, "end": 133429 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► ተስፋገርግሽ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ14] \n ++++++++++++++++++\n ኣብ ዞባ ደቡብ ኣማሓዳሪ ን/ዞባ ጾሮና ነበ’ር ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ተስፋገርግሽ፡ ቅድሚ መስዋእቱ «,,,ኣብ ባንኪ ዝርከብ ገንዘበይ ንመእለይ ደቀይ ክኾና መዝገብ ሕሳበይ ንበዓልቲ ቤተይ ሃቡለይ» እናበለ ይዛረብ ምንባሩ ይፍለጥ። ብዕለት 16/03/2004 ነብሰ-ቕትለት ፈጺሙ ►ተሰዊኡ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-7a6f58aa067cfb076463ac8a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/48/0", "start": 133677, "end": 133701 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► ኪዳነ ወዲ-ቐሺ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ 5]\n +++++++++++++++++++\n ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ኮይኑ፡ ኣባል ኣሃዱ ስለያ እንዳ 72፡ ከምኡ’ዉን መራሕ መኪና ናይ ተጋ/ ጴጥሮስ ሰሎሞን እዩ ነይሩ። ኣብ ወርሒ 10/2009 ድማ ►ተሰዊኡ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-d4e0bc678642ef21a224de27", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/50/0", "start": 133878, "end": 133901 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "► መሓሪ ያዕቆብ [መለለዪ ቁጽሩ15]\n +++++++++++++++++++\n መራሕ መኪና ናይ ሚኒስተር ሳልሕ ከክያ ከምዝነበረ ይፍለጥ። ብዛዕባ’ዚ ስዉእ እዚ ዝፈልጥ ኤርትራዊ እንተ’ሎ ሓበሬታ ክውስኸሉ ይላቦ። ኣብ ዓመተ 2008 ድማ ኣብ ዒራ-ዒሮ እዩ ►ተሰዊኡ።\n -/-\n ይ→ቕ→ጽ→ል→" } ] }, { "id": "b-4f56e5d727037fd264683087", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/44/1/1/11/1/0/1/0/3/54/0", "start": 134147, "end": 134739 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " ኣብ አርትራ ኣብ ቤት ማሕቡስ ንዜሞቱ እሱራት ጃምላዊ መርድእ ተነጊሩ ብክውንን ዗ይክውንን ምኽንያት ካብ ብዘሕ ዒመታት ኣትሒዝም ኣብ ቤት ማሕቡስ ዜተኣስሩ ካሳብ ሎሚ ኣለው እናተባህለ ስልጣንያን ክዲውንትን ዜበጽሓሎም ዜነበረን ኤርትራውያን፡ ኣብ ዜሓለፈ ሰሙን ስርዒት ህግዯፍ፡ ንቤተሰቦም በብሓዯ ጸዊዐ ብህይወት ከምየለው ጃምላዊ መርድእ ኣርዱኡ። ቤተሰብ እሱራት ኣብ ዜሓለፈ ሰሙን ‚እከለ.... ዜተባህለ እሱር ሞይቱ እዩ! ሬሳ ኣይወሃብን እዩ! ናይ ግፍዑ ዲስን ቴንዲን ፡ ኣይፍቀድን ! ንክትፈልጡ ኢልና ኢና! ሓ዗ን ኣምሲልካ ምትእኽካብውን ኣይፍቀድን እዩ! ድሕሪ ሕጂ ስልጣንያ ወይ ክዲን ከይተምጽኡ‚ ብምባልን ነዙ መርድእዙ ብምስጢር ክሕዜዎ ከም዗ለዎም ተሪር መጠንቀቕታ ብምሃብን፡ ንብዘሓት ስድራቤታት ብፍላይ ድማ ኣብ ከተማ ኣስመራ ንዜርከቡ ኣፋንዩ። እዝም መርድኦም ዜተነግረ እሱራት ዙኣቶም እቶም ብፖለቲካዊ ሕቶ ዜተኣስሩ ዗ይኮኑ፡ ብኻልእ ብዜተፈላለየ በብዒይነቱ ምኽንያታት ዜተቐየደ ኢዮም" }, { 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2005 Authored by an individual or individuals who wish", "original_sha256": "7c4324a59e56ccda6097900b164a353549c79996845ec06213c9f5a9cd5afdf3" }, { "field": "date", "value": "Sep 03, 2005", "source_excerpt": "imony of what I saw: Gebreendrias Berhane?s Story By Anonymous - Sep 03, 2005 Authored by an individual or individuals who wish to remain anon", "original_sha256": "7c4324a59e56ccda6097900b164a353549c79996845ec06213c9f5a9cd5afdf3" } ], "text": "Testimony of what I saw: Gebreendrias Berhane?s Story By Anonymous - Sep 03, 2005 Authored by an individual or individuals who wish to remain anonymous, the following article was submitted by Elsa Chyrum, an Eritrean human rights activist. The orginal article, in Tigrigna, is already published at Awate.com. Below is an English translation of the article. I am one of those deported from Malta to Eritrea in 2002. I went through tormenting abuse and sufferings, but with the power of God, I escaped from the grip of the monstrous soldiers; I am now in exile. When we returned from Malta, the torture that we faced cannot be recounted in full. These [testimonies] of Adi Abeito and Dahlak were published and I do not see a reason for repeating it. What I intend to write today is about a person who died because of abuse and torture; his name is Alazar Gebreendrias. We grew up together and he was a friend that I loved. His father?s name is Gebreendrias Berhane. His mother is Weizero Tsegweyni Qeshi Enquay. His birth place is Adi Kefelet in Hamassen and he was born in 1972. He went to school in his birthplace until grade 6 and then he left for Asmara and became a trader and was helping his family. However, because the nation that made everybody restless also caught him, in 1995, he was called for national service, 2nd round, and went to Sawa. He finished his obligation and returned to Asmara in 1996. Similar to what he did before, he returned to his trading and buying/selling to help his family. In 1998 when the border war between Eritrea and Ethiopia erupted, he, like all his Eritrean brethren, was called for duty and he voluntarily reported. Until the 3rd round was finished and the war settled, he defended [his country] with valour and finished what was expected of him. Since, during that time, everyone found the sufferings and misdeeds that were being committed on the army unbearable, all the youth were taking steps that they deemed necessary for themselves. Some were forced to seek refuge in Sudan and others in Ethiopia. Therefore, Alazar was one of those who left for the Sudan en masse. After staying in the Sudan for a limited period, he, like all his Eritrean brethren who were in the Sudan, went to Libya. When Libya is mentioned, it seems as if it is a nation of human beings. But when it comes to foreign people like Eritreans who ended up there due to hardships, it is not an exaggeration if we consider Libya a desert hell (Sioul). Since Alazar didn?t have relatives in the Diaspora who could help him, he went through a lot of hardships; and with a lot of difficulty, he headed for Italy in 2002. However, as the saying goes, ?when an unlucky person started to sell candles, God changed night into day?: the ship that carried Alazar faced waves that took it to the shores of a country named Malta. After two months of imprisonment in Malta, those Eritreans whose fate was destroyed were forcefully returned to Eritrea. Alazar was one of those who faced this fate. He fell in the hands of cruel and unsympathetic government of Eritrea. Alazar stayed in Adi Abeyto prison and, at the end of 2002, he was taken to Dahlak. The hardships of Alazar didn?t finish here. In April 2004, he was taken to Gelaalo prison where abuse and cruelty were abundant. In Gelaalo, in the dry forests, with empty stomachs and dry throats, [the prisoners]were digging mountains, collecting and carrying boulders, and were forced to build roads and houses. In time, their bodies were weakened. Alazar was weakened because of hunger and thirst. He was getting sicker and sicker. But the cruel administrators of the prison and the soldiers didn?t have a conscience that sympathizes. Due to this, Alazar?s health deteriorated. Though his health deteriorated, Alazar didn?t find a right that would enable him to get medical attention. He died due to extreme cruelty and abuse. Alazar died asking for something to eat. He didn?t find anyone to sympathise. This kind of abuse is a misfortune that has befallen all prisoners. Alazar died around May 2004. No one knows where he was buried. His parents were not formally informed of their son?s death until now. As a person, Alazar was a kind, industrious, humorous, patient and generous person who thought of others before himself. Though that was his character, he didn?t get lucky in escaping death. In speaking about Alazar, I am giving my testimony. When the dark night in our country is stricken by dawn, there will be many who will be held responsible. I hope this testimony will be presented as a proof. I hope God accepts my beloved friend Alazar in paradise and wish strength for his family. Correction: In the previous testimony of the Gelaalo prison, the name Alazar Gebrenegus should read Alazar Gebreendrias.", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "f3c0c9fec348d89e88a014ac", "source_sha256": "18741cfc4a8b0a5e70e5bfe905fe172a3ab152270cb8698fdc6de8ed090ee5dd", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-1007c6bc23455e8ab8a7accd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/0", "start": 5005, "end": 5077 }, "anchors": [ "source-top" ], "content": [ { "text": "Testimony of what I saw: Gebreendrias Berhane?s Story" } ] }, { "id": "b-254ef00d149786d706b8ca8c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/1/1/0", "start": 5946, "end": 5986 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "By Anonymous - Sep 03, 2005" } ] }, { "id": "b-d4309f32136d633fc50876c2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/1/0", "start": 6252, "end": 6703 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Authored by an individual or individuals who wish to remain anonymous, the following article was submitted by Elsa Chyrum, an Eritrean human rights activist. The orginal article, in Tigrigna, is already published at Awate.com. Below is an English translation of the article.", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-fea5b1821724e3450a730023", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/5/0", "start": 6783, "end": 7561 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "I am one of those deported from Malta to Eritrea in 2002. I went through tormenting abuse and sufferings, but with the power of God, I escaped from the grip of the monstrous soldiers; I am now in exile. When we returned from Malta, the torture that we faced cannot be recounted in full. These [testimonies] of Adi Abeito and Dahlak were published and I do not see a reason for repeating it. What I intend to write today is about a person who died because of abuse and torture; his name is Alazar Gebreendrias. We grew up together and he was a friend that I loved." } ] }, { "id": "b-74df384462c99c4afb1efd16", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/9/0", "start": 7641, "end": 8472 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "His father?s name is Gebreendrias Berhane. His mother is Weizero Tsegweyni Qeshi Enquay. His birth place is Adi Kefelet in Hamassen and he was born in 1972. He went to school in his birthplace until grade 6 and then he left for Asmara and became a trader and was helping his family. However, because the nation that made everybody restless also caught him, in 1995, he was called for national service, 2" }, { "text": "nd", "marks": [ "sup" ] }, { "text": " round, and went to Sawa. He finished his obligation and returned to Asmara in 1996. 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Therefore, Alazar was one of those who left for the Sudan en masse." } ] }, { "id": "b-9bfb35096f2b252e2bcb5b78", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/17/0", "start": 9485, "end": 10785 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "After staying in the Sudan for a limited period, he, like all his Eritrean brethren who were in the Sudan, went to Libya. When Libya is mentioned, it seems as if it is a nation of human beings. But when it comes to foreign people like Eritreans who ended up there due to hardships, it is not an exaggeration if we consider Libya a desert hell (Sioul). Since Alazar didn?t have relatives in the Diaspora who could help him, he went through a lot of hardships; and with a lot of difficulty, he headed for Italy in 2002. However, as the saying goes, ?when an unlucky person started to sell candles, God changed night into day?: the ship that carried Alazar faced waves that took it to the shores of a country named Malta. After two months of imprisonment in Malta, those Eritreans whose fate was destroyed were forcefully returned to Eritrea. Alazar was one of those who faced this fate. He fell in the hands of cruel and unsympathetic government of Eritrea." } ] }, { "id": "b-dc03dfa4121c4dfe5dbaa612", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/21/0", "start": 10865, "end": 11783 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "Alazar stayed in Adi Abeyto prison and, at the end of 2002, he was taken to Dahlak. The hardships of Alazar didn?t finish here. In April 2004, he was taken to Gelaalo prison where abuse and cruelty were abundant. In Gelaalo, in the dry forests, with empty stomachs and dry throats, [the prisoners]were digging mountains, collecting and carrying boulders, and were forced to build roads and houses. In time, their bodies were weakened. Alazar was weakened because of hunger and thirst. He was getting sicker and sicker. But the cruel administrators of the prison and the soldiers didn?t have a conscience that sympathizes. Due to this, Alazar?s health deteriorated." } ] }, { "id": "b-9776cda055388dc7bca2e577", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/25/0", "start": 11863, "end": 12469 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "Though his health deteriorated, Alazar didn?t find a right that would enable him to get medical attention. He died due to extreme cruelty and abuse. Alazar died asking for something to eat. He didn?t find anyone to sympathise. This kind of abuse is a misfortune that has befallen all prisoners. Alazar died around May 2004. No one knows where he was buried. His parents were not formally informed of their son?s death until now." } ] }, { "id": "b-c6a212f038701dfd06c7f205", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/29/0", "start": 12549, "end": 12841 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "As a person, Alazar was a kind, industrious, humorous, patient and generous person who thought of others before himself. Though that was his character, he didn?t get lucky in escaping death." } ] }, { "id": "b-0911bd372da1f921db0df7e5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/33/0", "start": 12921, "end": 13231 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "In speaking about Alazar, I am giving my testimony. When the dark night in our country is stricken by dawn, there will be many who will be held responsible. I hope this testimony will be presented as a proof." } ] }, { "id": "b-01c55c6bb56ea62c0d6c72d6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/0", "start": 13311, "end": 13464 }, "anchors": [], "lang": "EN-GB", "content": [ { "text": "I hope God accepts my beloved friend Alazar in paradise and wish strength for his family." } ] }, { "id": "b-9e9f49c40388f03292c6d6f8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/41/0", "start": 13544, "end": 13754 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Correction: In the previous testimony of the Gelaalo prison, the name Alazar Gebrenegus should read Alazar Gebreendrias.", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] } ], "anchors": { "top": "source-top", "sw_n0": "source-sw_n0", "sw_n1": "source-sw_n1", "active_menu": "source-active_menu", "sw_n2": "source-sw_n2", "sw_n3": "source-sw_n3" }, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/1", "start": 666, "end": 4855 }, "text": "Awate Main Menu Front Page News & Analysis Articles Interviews Documents Belly Of The Beast Human Rights Regional Events Awate Team Cartoons The Pencil (Editorial) Martyrs' Album Search Awate", "text_sha256": "a3be09a6ea43b69a4d360fbe8051300dcb0316c1578b99f4bba0b63f705110ed", "reason": "Inherited Awate category navigation", "evidence": "Separate left sidebar menu contains Front Page, News/Editorial, regional categories and Search; not part of testimony.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/3", "start": 14362, "end": 21351 }, "text": "VoMD June 21, 2007 March for Freedom Posting Guidlines Constitution of the Awate Foundation Contribute Donate through Mail To Scramble The Horn of Africa", "text_sha256": "402fbae6f6a7b332ba5fc3d63d742a1533737be7c41a407bd7a5a7cff3f87f01", "reason": "Inherited Awate promotions/donation sidebar", "evidence": "Separate right column links to publishing guidelines, donation/foundation and promotion unrelated to article.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/6", "start": 21400, "end": 21850 }, "text": "? 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PFDJ?s Reign Of Terror (II) - Subjugation of the Eritrean Police" ], "language": "en", "author": "Events Monitor, Asmara", "byline": "Events Monitor, Asmara", "byline_role": "Author", "date": "Sep 18, 2005", "metadata_evidence": [ { "field": "credit", "value": "Events Monitor, Asmara", "source_excerpt": "J?s Reign Of Terror (II) - Subjugation of the Eritrean Police By Events Monitor, Asmara - Sep 18, 2005 Subjugation of the Eritrean Police In the late 19", "original_sha256": "9c2d65b81da02e93cb902ad6f3af8c8e6ae2a8e81f2d987338afff18aeec2354" }, { "field": "date", "value": "Sep 18, 2005", "source_excerpt": "- Subjugation of the Eritrean Police By Events Monitor, Asmara - Sep 18, 2005 Subjugation of the Eritrean Police In the late 1990s the Netherl", "original_sha256": "9c2d65b81da02e93cb902ad6f3af8c8e6ae2a8e81f2d987338afff18aeec2354" } ], "text": "PFDJ?s Reign Of Terror (II) - Subjugation of the Eritrean Police By Events Monitor, Asmara - Sep 18, 2005 Subjugation of the Eritrean Police In the late 1990s the Netherlands Ministry of foreign Affairs and the (now defunct) Eritrean Ministry of Local Government signed a grant agreement. The agreement pertains to providing assistance to the Eritrean Police Department to build its capacity as an institution fit to operate in a democratic society. It components included: training the various arms of the Eritrean police force, building of a police training centre (Dekemhare) and several police stations in various towns, as well as provision of equipment. The programme was one of several assistance projects extended to Eritrea by the Netherlands. As indicated in one of the documents, the overall objective of the programme ? dubbed Eritrean Police Support Programme (EPSP) - was ?to support Eritrea to build a civilian and professional police force viable for functioning in a democratic society?. The aim, therefore, was to assist Eritrea build a law enforcement institution that protects the people, respects human rights and enforces the rule of law. It was a fitting programme of assistance from a democratic country and a leading contributor of aid to developing countries, to a new, fledgling nation. The Netherlands government, known, along with the Nordic countries, for its earnest stance on development aid and its generous donations, was genuinely hoping that the EPSP would be a meaningful contribution to the process of building a democratic Eritrea. An expectation that was shared by many Eritreans. But, alas! Today, the Eritrean police force, or what remains of it, is, at best, a mere shadow of the prevailing security system of military squads and secret jails controlled by the army generals. At worst, it is another claw in the hands of the terror enforcers. The Police force we have ended up having is neither professional nor civilian, as was hoped it would become according to the carefully prepared documents of the EPSP. Here are the facts: 1. The de facto power of policing is now in the hands of the special forces under each of the five commanders of the ?operations command zones?. Just listen to Major General Gerezghiher Andemariam (Wuchu) as he responds, in the PFDJ seminar of 12-13 April in Expo, Asmara, to queries about the heavy-handed tactics of his forces. He told the meeting: ?look, we were asked to help because the police could not deal with the level of crime, lawlessness and draft dodging. Right now, I have about 4000 or 5000 prisoners in my custody.? 2. All army units, from the highest level of the ?operations command zone? (srrHeet zoba), down to the divisions and brigades, have their own prison systems, which are not confined to those in uniform but are increasingly used for incarcerating civilians. These jails are secret, not authorised by any legal jurisdiction, and unfit for human beings. 3. The same is said about the secret jails under the purview of the various security/intelligence units. 4. The formal (authorised) prison system has also effectively come under the control of the army generals. The notorious ?wenjel mrmera? section of the ?Karshelli? prison in Asmara, for example, is, in reality, controlled by the secret police. Besides, all police stations around the country have special army units stationed within. These units are not accountable to the police officer in charge of the station but take their orders directly from the respective military commands. 5. The Eritrean police are utterly uninformed about any political prisoners and other prisoners of conscience in the country. They don?t even have control over the so-called economic/corruption cases. Both categories are usually held in secret jails and unofficial detention centres all over Eritrea. If and when such prisoners need to be kept in one of the formal prisons, or need to be temporarily held in one of the police stations en route to their final detention place, they are put in the custody of the police as ?safe keeping?. ?Hadera? is the Tigrinya word used in such cases. Secret police or military agents, as the case may be, would visit/interrogate such detainees, with the police relegated to functioning merely as guards - opening the prison cells for the visitors and securing them afterwards. The regular police here are like storekeepers with no authority to know the contents of what they are told to keep. The following story is typical: someone disappears without a trace. Family members/relatives start looking for the disappeared person and go around every police station in town. The police always tell these family members they had never seen such a person. Later, information is leaked that the person in question was, indeed, held in one of the police stations at the time the family members were making the enquiries. Under the kind of arrangement described above, the police have instructions not to disclose any information about any prisoners that are put in their custody. 6. In many occasions, members of the police force are asked to accompany army units or security agents to assist in specific operations, mostly involving arrest. Examples are raiding wedding ceremonies or prayer services of suspected members of banned Christian denominations. In such cases, the participating members of the police operate under the command of the army/security officer leading the operation. 7. The Eritrean police force has, form time to time, been purged, under various pretexts, from a large number of officers in whom considerable professional training had been invested since Independence. In recent years, all top positions have been filled with army officers with no legal or police training. 8. Even the specifications of the new police stations, built with Dutch assistance, have been altered to fit the requirements of mass detentions as opposed to their originally envisaged function. One such place is the new Fifth Police Station in Asmara, near Space 2001, (which replaced the old Fifth Station on the Godaif road). Full with watch towers on its four corners, high walls and underground cells, this so-called police station evocates images of a medieval dungeon than any resemblance of rule of law. The above are a few examples of the eroding of what little legal, institutional and professional characteristics that existed in the Eritrean Police Force. This sorry state of the Eritrean Police Department led a visiting Dutch government official to tell a gathering of Eritrean police officers in a reception in Asmara that, given Eritrea?s dismal human rights situation, his government would not be able to continue the programme. ?As members of the European Union, there are principles that we have to abide by?, he told his audience. A professional, legally trained, civilian police force is one of several ingredients of the rule of law. In the absence of all the other, all-important elements, including a constitutional government with an independent and adequately empowered judiciary that ensures due process of law, the current state of affairs of the Eritrean Police, therefore, hardly comes as a surprise. This state of affairs is perfectly in sync with the total absence of constitutional governance, subjugation of the judiciary, lack of accountability and encroachment of the military on civilian life that we see today in Eritrea. Next: PART III - Tip of the Iceberg Previous: PART I: Brutalizing Families: A time-honoured PFDJ practice!", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "ff0e71b5b17213c759c1c85f", "source_sha256": "250c63aadb2cb5f6056ee921e7fc79e4ec52af50f42e850ccf2df9c83bce2728", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-1394b5d006124ac7f13ad5ca", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/0", "start": 4998, "end": 5081 }, "anchors": [ "source-top" ], "content": [ { "text": "PFDJ?s Reign Of Terror (II) - Subjugation of the Eritrean Police" } ] }, { "id": "b-860dcdc8096334149ac6b2cc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/1/1/0", "start": 5950, "end": 6022 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "By Events Monitor, Asmara - Sep 18, 2005" } ] }, { "id": "b-905b83176625496740c54d95", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/1/0", "start": 6273, "end": 6356 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Subjugation of the Eritrean Police", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-2ea84a367c671297822f97b9", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/6/1/1/1/0", "start": 6546, "end": 6686 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/a3050648b6336e78d94ca742674aaeef0d12c6f0f7bee1da7e7d78672d7f8a9b.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-766d862ddaf41626326c8fec", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/9/0", "start": 6742, "end": 7561 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In the late 1990s the Netherlands Ministry of foreign Affairs and the (now defunct) Eritrean Ministry of Local Government signed a grant agreement. The agreement pertains to providing assistance to the Eritrean Police Department to build its capacity as an institution fit to operate in a democratic society. It components included: training the various arms of the Eritrean police force, building of a police training centre (Dekemhare) and several police stations in various towns, as well as provision of equipment. The programme was one of several assistance projects extended to Eritrea by the Netherlands." } ] }, { "id": "b-9bc729b29745177c88b18ca5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/13/0", "start": 7654, "end": 7790 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "As indicated in one of the documents, the overall objective of the programme ? dubbed " }, { "text": "Eritrean Police Support Programme (EPSP) - ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "was " }, { "text": "?to support Eritrea to build a civilian and professional police force viable for functioning in a democratic society?", "marks": [ "underline" ] }, { "text": ". The aim, therefore, was to assist Eritrea build a law enforcement institution that protects the people, respects human rights and enforces the rule of law." } ] }, { "id": "b-ed30d1f89b7ac863d942cc0c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/17/0", "start": 8436, "end": 9089 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "It was a fitting programme of assistance from a democratic country and a leading contributor of aid to developing countries, to a new, fledgling nation. The Netherlands government, known, along with the Nordic countries, for its earnest stance on development aid and its generous donations, was genuinely hoping that the EPSP would be a meaningful contribution to the process of building a democratic Eritrea. An expectation that was shared by many Eritreans. But, alas!" } ] }, { "id": "b-4a101a6412c4176612edffc0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/21/0", "start": 9182, "end": 9786 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Today, the Eritrean police force, or what remains of it, is, at best, a mere shadow of the prevailing security system of military squads and secret jails controlled by the army generals. At worst, it is another claw in the hands of the terror enforcers. The Police force we have ended up having is neither professional nor civilian, as was hoped it would become according to the carefully prepared documents of the EPSP. Here are the facts:" } ] }, { "id": "b-e468705a35566f87fa2f09ec", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/25/0", "start": 9879, "end": 9893 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1. The de facto power of policing is now in the hands of the special forces under each of the five commanders of the ?operations command zones?. Just listen to Major General " }, { "text": "Gerezghiher Andemariam (Wuchu)", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " as he responds, in the PFDJ seminar of 12-13 April in Expo, Asmara, to queries about the heavy-handed tactics of his forces. He told the meeting: ?look, we were asked to help because the police could not deal with the level of crime, lawlessness and draft dodging. Right now, I have about 4000 or 5000 prisoners in my custody.?" } ] }, { "id": "b-c851cde08323fce04232834a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/29/0", "start": 10767, "end": 10781 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "2. All army units, from the highest level of the " }, { "text": "?operations command zone?", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " (srrHeet zoba), down to the divisions and brigades, " }, { "text": "have their own prison systems", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ", which are not confined to those in uniform but are increasingly used for incarcerating civilians. These jails are secret, not authorised by any legal jurisdiction, and unfit for human beings." } ] }, { "id": "b-08e9b2b6144a4a0859f819e0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/33/0", "start": 11396, "end": 11410 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "3. The same is said about the secret jails under the purview of the various security/intelligence units." } ] }, { "id": "b-2848f37bec11cfedc40f6a98", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/37/0", "start": 11671, "end": 11685 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "4. The formal (authorised) prison system has also effectively come under the control of the army generals. The notorious " }, { "text": "?wenjel mrmera?", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " section of the " }, { "text": "?Karshelli?", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " prison in Asmara, for example, is, in reality, controlled by the secret police. Besides, all " }, { "text": "police stations", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " around the country have special army units stationed within. These units are not accountable to the police officer in charge of the station but take their orders directly from the respective military commands." } ] }, { "id": "b-74a1b6b0fb6a0d76aa48ae44", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/41/0", "start": 12478, "end": 12492 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "5. The Eritrean police are utterly uninformed about any political prisoners and other prisoners of conscience in the country. They don?t even have control over the so-called economic/corruption cases. Both categories are usually held in secret jails and unofficial detention centres all over Eritrea. If and when such prisoners need to be kept in one of the formal prisons, or need to be temporarily held in one of the police stations en route to their final detention place, they are put in the custody of the police as ?safe keeping?. " }, { "text": "?Hadera?", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " is the Tigrinya word used in such cases. Secret police or military agents, as the case may be, would visit/interrogate such detainees, with the police relegated to functioning merely as guards - opening the prison cells for the visitors and securing them afterwards. The regular police here are like storekeepers with no authority to know the contents of what they are told to keep." } ] }, { "id": "b-e0cbced0f46c3d861be99d0c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/45/0", "start": 13849, "end": 14466 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The following story is typical: someone disappears without a trace. Family members/relatives start looking for the disappeared person and go around every police station in town. The police always tell these family members they had never seen such a person. Later, information is leaked that the person in question was, indeed, held in one of the police stations at the time the family members were making the enquiries." } ] }, { "id": "b-3f326aaf05109fb46a0da47e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/49/0", "start": 14546, "end": 14773 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Under the kind of arrangement described above, the police have instructions not to disclose any information about any prisoners that are put in their custody." } ] }, { "id": "b-7229f6bea50a644ecf52f983", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/53/0", "start": 14866, "end": 14880 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "6. In many occasions, members of the police force are asked to accompany army units or security agents to assist in specific operations, mostly involving arrest. Examples are raiding wedding ceremonies or prayer services of suspected members of banned Christian denominations. In such cases, the participating members of the police operate under the command of the army/security officer leading the operation." } ] }, { "id": "b-cec569260cb9173e395860f6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/57/0", "start": 15560, "end": 15574 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "7. The Eritrean police force has, form time to time, been purged, under various pretexts, from a large number of officers in whom considerable professional training had been invested since Independence. In recent years, all top positions have been filled with army officers with no legal or police training." } ] }, { "id": "b-10096c95e9f7f7c4222089ef", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/61/0", "start": 16115, "end": 16129 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "8. Even the specifications of the new police stations, built with Dutch assistance, have been altered to fit the requirements of mass detentions as opposed to their originally envisaged function. One such place is the new Fifth Police Station in Asmara, near Space 2001, (which replaced the old Fifth Station on the Godaif road). Full with watch towers on its four corners, high walls and underground cells, this so-called police station evocates images of a medieval dungeon than any resemblance of rule of law." } ] }, { "id": "b-6f1793e075215dbd2ef10f17", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/65/0", "start": 16931, "end": 17155 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The above are a few examples of the eroding of what little legal, institutional and professional characteristics that existed in the Eritrean Police Force." } ] }, { "id": "b-f415b13b2c53d81f11e9befa", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/69/0", "start": 17222, "end": 17234 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "This sorry state of the Eritrean Police Department led a visiting Dutch government official to tell a gathering of Eritrean police officers in a reception in Asmara that, given Eritrea?s dismal human rights situation, his government would not be able to continue the programme. ?As members of the European Union, there are principles that we have to abide by?, he told his audience." } ] }, { "id": "b-94aa3f7216621938b70da0da", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/73/0", "start": 17855, "end": 18379 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "A professional, legally trained, civilian police force is one of several ingredients of the rule of law. In the absence of all the other, all-important elements, including a constitutional government with an independent and adequately empowered judiciary that ensures due process of law, the current state of affairs of the Eritrean Police, therefore, hardly comes as a surprise." } ] }, { "id": "b-7f57c94e7d872605d19ad02b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/77/0", "start": 18472, "end": 18788 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "This state of affairs is perfectly in sync with the total absence of constitutional governance, subjugation of the judiciary, lack of accountability and encroachment of the military on civilian life that we see today in Eritrea." } ] }, { "id": "b-20922d58126eba83a1668ee9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/86/0", "start": 18962, "end": 19035 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Next: " }, { "text": "PART III - Tip of the Iceberg", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-261cf8f3ff4c29e6891a7bb9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/90/0", "start": 19128, "end": 19149 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Previous:" } ] }, { "id": "b-215349f648a6ddd0492a0ddc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/1/3/1/5/1/92/0", "start": 19189, "end": 19583 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "PART I: Brutalizing Families: A time-honoured PFDJ practice!", "href": "http://webmail.valueweb.net/index.cgi?timestamp=1127098940&md5=pncIXxlWGtoUy0e%2Bz%2FKeMg%3D%3D&redirect=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.awate.com%2Fartman%2Fpublish%2Farticle_4244.shtml", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] } ], "anchors": { "top": "source-top", "sw_n0": "source-sw_n0", "sw_n1": "source-sw_n1", "active_menu": "source-active_menu", "sw_n2": "source-sw_n2", "sw_n3": "source-sw_n3" }, "removed_template": [ { "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/1", "start": 661, "end": 4848 }, "text": "Awate Main Menu Front Page News & Analysis Articles Interviews Documents Belly Of The Beast Human Rights Regional Events Awate Team Cartoons The Pencil (Editorial) Martyrs' Album Search Awate", "text_sha256": "a3be09a6ea43b69a4d360fbe8051300dcb0316c1578b99f4bba0b63f705110ed", "reason": "Inherited Awate category navigation", "evidence": "Separate left sidebar menu contains Front Page, News/Editorial, regional categories and Search; not part of testimony.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/4/1/1/3/1/1/1/3", "start": 20159, "end": 27167 }, "text": "VoMD June 21, 2007 March for Freedom Posting Guidlines Constitution of the Awate Foundation Contribute Donate through Mail To Scramble The Horn of Africa", "text_sha256": "402fbae6f6a7b332ba5fc3d63d742a1533737be7c41a407bd7a5a7cff3f87f01", "reason": "Inherited Awate promotions/donation sidebar", "evidence": "Separate right column links to publishing guidelines, donation/foundation and promotion unrelated to article.", "kind": "curated-template" }, { "source": { "path": "/6", "start": 27216, "end": 27666 }, "text": "? 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Some of them were very well-known in the earlier 1970s and mid -1980s.: Abraham Tewolde [1], Weldenkel Haile (Wedi-Haile), [2] , Isayas Tewelde ( Wedi-Flansa), Fisehye Woldegebrel . and Ibrahim Afa . Some people believe that the circumstances of Ibrahim Afa's death are not clear( Dawit, Daniel, 2001); others believe that Isayas Afwerki killed his long-time comrade Ibrahim Afa (VKP, 2003). Ibrahim Afa’s death has become a matter of controversy (Pool, 2001). There is also some people believe that the military training centre at Sawa which is called \"Medeber Tailim Ibrahim Afa\" ( Ibrahim Afa Military Training Centre) is in fact a cover up for the mysterious circumstances of Ibrahim Afa’s death. On this Martyrs’ day, it is appropriate to question the mysterious death of Ibrahim Afa which was announced in 1987 at the Second EPLF Congress. The aim of this essay is to bring together relevant information with a couple of illustrations which can help to shed light on this tragic event. In the end, the judgement about the causes of Ibrahim Afa's death will be left to the public. The author ask for all members of the former EPLF who are currently in exile to carry out similar investigations about other members of the EPLF who were killed in suspicious circumstances during the liberation struggle. This will add to our knowledge of our history. Background In 1967 Ibrahim Afa joined the revolution from Massaw where he was a cadet in the Ethiopian navy. During the armed struggle Ibrahim and other fighters went to Cuba in 1968 only a year after Guevara's death. In Cuba 1968 From left to right standing Mrt. Mohamed Said Sanghor, Mrt. Mohamed Idres Tulul, Abdulhafiz Saadaldin ... Siting Idres Adam, Mohamed Qerbash, Mrt. Ibrahim Affa, Romadan Osman Awliyay[sourcePhotos from Ibrahim Abdalla's post in ERI.PHOTOS Ibrahim Afa was one of the founders of the EPLF and one of the distinguished military leaders who led the Eritrean People's Liberation Army to victory at the strategically important town of Kern in 1977 [3]. It had echoes of General Giap’s victory at Dien Bien Phu. Ibrahim Afa's leadership in guiding and directing the operation in the battlefield is not only limited to the above mentioned but has been well document for the period between 1976-1985: the Raza project (4) , the EPLF offensive against the Ethiopian forces in 1977-1978. the strategic retreat; the defence (1978-1983) and seizure the town of Tessenei and the destruction of the big military garrison of Wuka Ez ( the northern regional army) at Northeast Coastal Plain in 1984. All these military operations were achieved through the leadership of Ibrahim Afa. Agamet Incident Ibrahim Afa was stationed at Arag(see map6 b ) from 1979 until his death near the Agamet mountain. Agamet is a militarily strategic mountain in the Northeast of Sahel, after the destruction of Wuka Ez ( the Northern regional army) on the Northeast coastal plain which was under the EPLF control until the summer of 1985. Some people have claimed that Ibrahim Afa was inactive (Deskilu ) between the time EPLF fighters took the town of Barentu in Barka in the summer of 1985 and its recapture by Ethiopian forces. Baruntu was recaptured by the Ethiopian force on August 24, 1985 after additional 30, 000 Ethiopia troops were redeployed from the Ogaden to Eritrea and 13 counter-offensives were launched. At the 13th attempt the town was recaptured and the Ethiopian army cut-off the EPLF's Western territorial flank and led to the scattering of the forces. As a result of this military defeat the EPLF fighters were withdrawn from the Western front and had a long journey back to the Nacfa front through Sudan.(See map6) It was one of the worst defeats in the history of the EPLF. re A few days before the withdrawn from the Western front, there was a ketit (mobilisation of the reserve army) to reinforce the Nakfa front and to build a temporary fortification on the Northern hills until additional forces arrived.. Some people say that a day before Ibrahim's death he was asked by Haile Duru who also resided in the same area [Masker Wina see fig 1.) as Ibrahim to go to Anberber [ the residence of the EPLF secretary general and deputy secretary ] perhaps for a Politburo Standing Committee (5) meeting. Others claim that Ibrahim was told to climb up the strategic mountain of Agamet which he did. He went to Agamet probably after 6 pm because I met him while drinking a coffee under the shade of a tree at Enda Jemhier ( C). around 4 pm. This was . on my way from (B) Kefli Politic Menikikha to (D) Kefli Tailim military training centre where Ibrahim had his permanent camp. The distance between B and A was a 30 minute walk. ( Fig 1 ). Key A= Kefli Tailim B Masker Wena ( Wena Camp both Kefli Politica Menikikha N Bahili were located in this camp) C= Enda Jemhier.(Local Public Administration ) D= Wina Technical school E= Agamet Mountain On my way back from Kefli Tailim (D) to Masker Wena (B) around 7 pm. Ibrahim was not where I had seen him before. From 7 pm throughout the night it was quiet until the early morning on the next day. I still remember that around 4 am there was unexpectedly the roar of a guns (mejemu) which lasted for 10 minutes. It was very difficult to identify where was exactly the sound came from and to respond since it happened suddenly and while we slept. Most member of this camp (Masker Wena see fig 1 B) went to Nacfa front as mentioned because there was a ketet.. The only people who remained behind in the Masker Wena (See Fig 1 ) camp were children under 5 ( Abdella Adem's daughters were among those children) with their mothers, a few disabled with other members of supporting staff. Because of this there was no attempt to give help from this camp when the guns were heard. According to reliable sources when the guns were heard at 4 am a few fighters from the Wina technical school (see fig 1 A ) which is not far from the incident climbed up Agamet to seek help but for unknown reasons were ordered to return after the head of this technical school, Tekeste Gurgia, received an order. There was intermittent gunfire until around 11 am. . Contradicting orders some member of Kifle Taelim) went to Agamet for help as they were in fortification somewhere near this area. (see fig.1 D) Masker Wena (Fig 2 ) Late in the afternoon we were told that the shooting was at Agamet mountain ( see fig 1 ). .It was said to have been caused by a handful of Ethiopian intelligence units infiltrating the Agamet mountain after losing their directions . However, all of them were said to have been killed by the members of the Kifle Taelim Military Training Centre. Following this . after a few days, all mothers with their children and disabled members of Masker Wena camp were evacuated to Arareb for their safety. There is another version of the Agamet incident which was told to the front line combatants (Heletat) who heard the shooting but had no idea where it was from. They were told that a handful of Ethiopian intelligence unit forces went to Agamet mountain but all of them were killed by front line combatants ( Heletat) and they get back all materials, including the PRC radio transmitter which was seized by the enemy. The final version of this story which was told to the rest of the EPLF and the public was that Ibrahim was killed in action. The paper which was written in Germany Eine Volksarmee besonderer Art – der Militärkomplex in Eritrea [ A people's army of a special kind: the military complex in Eritrea] by Howard Hughes described the death of Ibrahim Afa on the following words: \"…After the set up of regulatory military unions not only did commanders in lower positions repeatedly die, but also high ranked leaders of brigades and divisions, and this is how even Ibrahim Afa the head of the EPLmilitary committee died in a trap set by Ethiopias.\" ( Hughes, H ) The mysterious death of Ibrahim Afa was finally announced officially at the Second Congress, in 1987, alleging that he had been killed in the Bahir Negash, ( ) or the Red Sea see fig. 3 shows the place where he was killed ( Arrow A) and buried (Arrow B ) Fig 3 ) Following the announcement of Ibrahim Afa’s death in 1987 Bereket Habte Selassie wrote a poem which was dedicated to Ibrahim widow, Nura Mohamed and their daughter, Sera Ibrahim Supporting Evidences ERITREAN IBRAHIM AFA video Pt 1 ERITREAN IBRAHIM AFA videoP2 Information presented in this section will assist a comprehensive investigation on the circumstance of the death of Ibrahim and breaks down into the following : 1) Questions should be raised on the mysterious death of Ibrahim Afa which looks at the probability of the incident which caused his death; 2) . What people said about Ibrahim Afa and his mysterious death . 3) EPLF political developments after his death. A Question raised by the Agament incident :Interview With Veteran Fighter Yemane T/Gergish [Pt.7 [1987 2nd congress] 1. One witness who escaped from this incident and currently is in exile told friends \" before we slept a guard was assigned who had a dralety (password) \". According to military custom anyone who came to this place and failed to tell the right drarlet (password) the guard should open fire to alert his colleagues Despite this according to him the guard was killed silently and then Ibrahim and others were killed while they slept. After the witness escaped from the incident he was interrogated for a week by the members of his unit Kefli Tailim to find out whether he knew about the situation or not, but he thought that (TOURSRAWIT) the Ethiopian army had killed Ibrahim and his other comrades although he did not see any Ethiopian army force (TOURSRAWIT). They let him free 2. The other question to arise is: how could Ibrahim Afa be killed around 4 am by the handful of Ethiopia intelligence unit forces? How could the handful of Ethiopia intelligence unit forces who had not been there before identify the place exactly and kill him instantly as he went to Agamet mountain 10 hours before the incident. Additionally looking at fig 1, 2 and 3 , one would think it hard for a handful of Ethiopian intelligence unit forces to get to Agamet mountain at 4 am. 3. If it was true that a handful of Ethiopian intelligence unit forces got to Agamet mountain at 4 am, the question could be raised why members of the Wina technical school (see fig 1 A ) after climbing up Agamet for help were ordered to return when they were already half way up yet others members of Kifle Taelim) see fig.1 D) were allowed to climb up? . 4. Why did the Ethiopian army force not claim that the Ethiopian army had killed Ibrahim Afa or celebrate his death as a great victory if Ibrahim was killed in trap set by Ethiopian army force In fact the Ethiopian media claimed that Ibrahim had been killed by his own people, the EPLF. 5. Why did the EPLF leaders keep secret the death of Ibrahim Afa for two years after his death. It was unusual for EPLF members to keep secret the death of someone popular and famous like Ibrahim. I did not know what happened to Ibrahim until I learned of his death in 1987. Although I used to ask about him, the answer was that he was aboard. The death of other members of the Central Committee was also announced officially at the Second Congress , for example the death of Habte Tecle who \"committed suicide\" in 1980. However I heard in 1984 informally that he committed suicide. The last time that I had seen him was sometime in the early 1980s. Similarly most members of EPLF heard informally about the death of the following: Weldenkel Haile (Wedi-Haile), Isias Tewelde ( Wedi-Flansa) Fisehye Woldegebrel , Mohmad Ali Kelai etc.. The question could be raised here why the EPLF leaders prefer to keep the death of Ibrahim strictly secret for two year just as they kept strictly secret the existence of the secret party (EPRP) for decades until it was revealed in 1994 at the Third EPLF Congress. David Pool has also highlighted in his book how controversial and suspicious this affair is. B. What people said about Ibrahim Afa and his mysterious death Abedella Adem in an interview with the Awate team on 16 May 2004 explained that Ibrahim was not satisfied with the leadership and the work assignments. Regarding this matter David Pool (2001) described the relation between Issayas and Ibrahim as a power struggle. According to him the other explanation for their relationship includes an organisational difference over the role of the military committee. To explain this further, Ibrahim was Secretary of the Military Committee in the Politburo Standing Committee) and he had more experience of military strategy within the Politburo Standing Committee than the rest. Despite this fact, there might be some problem between Ibrahim and Issayas which was highlighted by . Howard. According to Howard, the military activities of the EPLF after 1977 were still determined by the inner circle around Issayas Afeworki. Because of this there could have been disagreements over military strategy between Issayas Afeworki and Ibrahim Afa , and this might have been the reason for the rumour of Ibrahim Afa being inactive (deskilu). Further evidence of the power struggle between Issays and Ibrahim was also provided from Tecle Aden. Tecle Aden in an interview given in Addis Ababa on December 23, 1980, described the EPLF Politburo as containing two cliques. The one group led by Issayas included Sebhat Efrem, Haile Woldensie and Petros Solomon and the other group, led by Ibrhim Afa, included people like Mesfin Hagos and Ali Said Abdella. (Andu, ) The other factor for Ibrahim’s dissatisfaction that Abedella mentioned in his interview might be related to the question of unity between the EPLF and the ELF.. Ibrahim had been also one of the members of the Joint Supreme Political Leadership ( JSPL) [8]. In March 1979, the fifth meeting of the JSPL charted out a common military strategy for the Eritrean revolution and decided that the Northern Sahel would be a common base area for both fronts. In the meantime ELF units had joined the EPLF's forces in Northern Sahel ( Kidane, 1996) In 1980 the ELF was defeated and ceased to have any fighting forces within Eritrea. Based on information gathered from ex-fighters, the author learned that Ibrahim had not been happy with what happened to the ELF in 1980. This could have been one of the causes for the rift between Issayas and Ibrahim . The Central Committee in session in 1984.(Adluis 1984) Addionally, Ibrahim Afa knew very well that Isseyas had an ambition for power and he used to call him \" selfish\"( Micheal (abu_selaa) on 2/10/02), or \"susuE\" referring to Isaias' insatiable greed for absolute power. [O.E tebreh, 2001). Micheal (abu_selaa) raised the following question : Does Afa's mysterious death have anything to do with the unity of the EPLF and ELF organizations? The EPLF political development after Ibrahim Afa death Between 1977 and 1987 Issayas Afeworki was deputy secretary and he made a long journey before succeding Rohomad. It was not easy for Issayas Afeworki. Two members of the Politburo Standing Committee Ibrahim and Duru, were more influential among the members of the EPLF in those days than he. Besides .. both of them were members of the preparatory committee for the Second Congress in 1985 and were also members of the preparatory committee in 1976 for the founding organisational congress. David Pool raises the issue of the role of the military committee, of which Ibrahim was the head and which Issayas wanted to abolish in 1987. For Issayas it would have been difficult to abolish the military committee which was chaired by Ibrahim while the latter was on the preparatory committee. According to Hugh the death of Ibrahim Afa in 1985 led finally to the practical insignificance of the military committee and of the overall committee. Thereafter the role of the military committee was abolished in 1987 in favour of the General Staff under the Secretary. General This did not work out as expected by Issays ( during the destruction of Nado Ez in 1988 and Fenekle operation early 1990s) because of Mesfin Hagos who was the leader of the Nakfa front during the liberation of Afabet and had more battle experience than Issayas and Sebhat Efrim, the head of the General Staff The other political development which appeared after the death of Ibrahim Afa was the deterioration in the relationship between Issayas and Hail Duru. . Haile .Duru was for long a close friend of Issayas. He had been a useful tool to hand the succession to Issayas at the first organisational congress in 1977 by conducting a campaign at Cader School [9] against Menka , Bistya , Durfo Cader School led by Adhanome and , Yemien from 1975.A good example for this is the 5th Round of the Cadre Course which was run in 1976 Even though he did a good job for him he became the target of Issayas following the death of Ibrahim in 1985. Duru had worked hard, in 1986, in preparing seminar papers on the three privileges ( drinking, womanizing, and using their positions to secure material advantages). The seminar on the above topic was given by Issayas mostly from the discussion floor in order to make a good impression on the fighters there . He had launched a similar hypocritical campaign against high ranked leaders of brigades such as Filipose and Omer Tewel. Basil Davidson also described Issayas for his simplicity in the following words: \" I found him in his \" base\" canyon, equipped with good communications but otherwise living the same spare life as everyone else in these mountain\" (Davidson, 1988) ,Issayas Afeworki, used both seminars and his simple lifestyle as ways to further his popularity. He was elected General Secretary in 1987. Dan Conell (2003)describes this in the following words: As part of a shake- up, Isaias took formal control of the EPLF at its Second Congress in 1987, replacing Romedan Mohamed Nur as the front's secretary general (Issayaas forced Romedan to retire from the leadership altogether in the early 1990s) In the 1988 Issayas other target was Peteros Solom who was a young, bright and moderate among the Politburea members. He was more popular and respected by the EPLF members among the front line fighters until the dissolution of the Intelligence unit which was head by him from 1977to1994. Issayas concluded his power struggle in 2001 by accusing his former close friends of being \"traitors\" and, on 18th September 2001, arresting them. To conclude , Tesfamariam Assefaw in his narration in 2000 still remembers what Issays said 36 years ago: \" Struggle is honey covering Ire\" (sour). (Kidane, Aida 2004) He did not understand at that time, but one could interpret this to mean the intrigue and conspiracy that followed Issayas' application of the lessons learnt in Great Proletrain Cultral Revolution in China[15] and accomplished through 35 years . Some of his victims during those years listed by Alem Tesfay 2003 In conclusion, the author appeals to all former members of the EPLF who survived the war, especially those who were in the Central Committee between 1977-1987 (Abdella Adem, Haile Menkerios and Mesfin Hagos) and other senior post holders, to tell the public the truth about the EPLF leaderships' crimes against fighters who sacrificed themselves for the liberation of our people from colonial oppression الظروف الغامضة لاستشهاد القائد ابراهيم عافة Notes [1] The death of Abrham Towelde is still secret. Alem Tesfay 2003 explained the cause which led to the death of Abrha Tweldo in the following words: After Issays came back from the meeting he held with the members of CIA members to Ala he decided to split from the ELF. Because of this there was an argument with Abrha Twelde who was not in favour of spliting from the ELF. After one month of argument between them Abrham Tweldo die suddenly. Which is still secret for most of us. . After his death, Issayass succeeded to the leadership of the group and .the group then took steps to split from the ELF [Ammar, Woldeysus 2004 Ethiopia . . Also according to Erlich, one of Issayas' main rivals in the rebel movement was found poisoned to death in 1971. ( Eritrea in the Western Media p.97 1988): To pretend from the above accusation Issayas named his first son Abrham [2]Weldekel Haile was educated in Syria and was the first Jebha to flee, According the account of Tesfamariam Assefaw Woldenkel, Haile did not like Issayas [ Kidana Aida 2004 ]. During the Menka movement in 1973 Woldenkel Haile who was head of the security department said that the Menka ringleaders prisoners did not commit any crime except breaking military discipline rules. He made clear his stand which was completely different from Issayas . Because of this Issayas was not happy and Woldenkel Haile was sent to the Hailitat (front line sometime in 1974 [Afewerki, Tewdros, 2003).. He was the most distinguished military leader next to Ibrhim Afa and had led the Eritrea People’s Liberation Army to victory at the strategic town of Segeneti in 1977 but was not a member of the central comittee in 1977. He was killed shortly after the victory by an unidentified gunman at Segeneti, his birth place. When this occurred there was a radio message in this code \" Itia Abai Lham Ab Mereta Wediqa\", meaning that the great leader rest on his land\".This is also confirmed from other source መደባትና፡ ነቲ ኪንዮ ጸሊም ራዕዲ ዘሎ ደበና፡ ምቕንጣጥ ኢዩ!!! - 4ይ ክፋ in 2008: መሪሕነት ህዝባዊ ግንባር ሓርነት ኤርትራ ነቲ ኣብ ዝተፈላለየ እዋን ኣንጻር ኣተሓሳስባኡን ኣካይዳኡን ዝኸይድ ዝነበረ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሜዳ ይኹን ኣብ ወጻኢ ናይ ባዕሉ ዝኾነ ምስጢራዊ ኣሰራርሓ ብምኽታል ኢዩ ዝጭፍልቖ ነይሩ። እቲ ናይ ሰሜን ኣሜሪካ ምንቅስቓስ ምስ ኩነታት ምዝላቕ ዝተኣሳሰር እኳ እንተዘይኮነ ናይ 79 ምንቅስቓስ ስንኩላን ይኹን ናይ 73 ብስም ምንቅስቓስ “መንካዕ” ናይ 78-79 “የሚን” ካብቶም ዝተዳህኩ ምንቅስቓሳት ኢዮም ነይሮም። 1. መልእኽቲ ሚስጢር (ኮድ) ኦፕረይትተር ንኩነታት መቕተልቲ ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለ ኣብ ኩናት ምሕራር ሰገነይቲ ንኣብነት፡ “እታ ላም ኣብ ዓደ ኣቦኣ ተሓሪዳ” ኢዩ ዝብል ነይሩ። 2. ውሳኔ መቕተልቲ ሰሎሞን ወልደማርያም ብመንገዲ ሙሳ ናይብ 3. መቕተልቲ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ኣብ 1985 4. ምርሻን ኣዛዚ ብርጌድ ምክትታል ዶባት ጸጋዘኣብ ዝግታ /ስርናይ/ ኣብ ኣንደርሰን 5. ምርሻን ኣዛዚ ቦጦሎኒ ገረዝግሄር /ኤነትረ/ን ናይ ካልኦትን ዝርዝር ናይቲ ፍጻሜታቱን ፈጸምቱን ዕለቱን ኸኣ ብሰፊሑ ምስ ጭብጥታቱ ክንጠቕሶ ክፍትን ኢየ። Source መደባትና፡ ነቲ ኪንዮ ጸሊም ራዕዲ ዘሎ ደበና፡ ምቕንጣጥ ኢዩ!!! - Here is also a piece of information from Alena pt 7 ካብ ብጊሓቱ ርእሰ ምትእምማን ዘይተዓደለ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ፣ ካብ ዝተሰለፈሉ መዓልቲ ቀሲኑ ሓዲሩ ኣይፈልጥን ኢዩ። ግርጭት ምስ ወዲ ዓፋ ካብ ግዜ ሰብዓታት ኢዩ ጀሚሩዎ። ቅድሚ ውድባዊ ጉባአ ነቲ ኣብ መንጎ ኢብራሂም ዓፋን ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለን ዝነበረ ብጻያዊ ሓድነት ንኽበትኽ ብዙሕ ጻዕሪታት ገበረ። ወዲ ሃይለ ወላ’ኳ ኣዛዚ ቦጦሎኒ 4 እንተነበረ፣ ኣባል ሰልፊ ኣይነበረን። ንኹሉ መዓልታዊ ንጥፈታቱን ዝምድንኡን እናተኸታተለ ጸብጻብ ናብ ኢሳይያስ ዘመሓላልፍ ዝነበረ ወተሃደራዊ ሓለፊ ደቡባዊ ግንባር ዝነበረ ድማ ተጋዳላይ መስፍን ሓጎስ ነበረ። ነቲ ገዲምን መስራቲን ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለ ብስም “ደጋፊ መንካዕ ኢዩ” ብዝብል ጠቐነ ካብ ብዙሓት ተጋደልቲ ፈልዩዎ ኢዩ። ወልደንኪኤል ብዛዕባ ጉዳይ መንካዕ ዝነበሮ መርገጺ ንጹር ኢዩ፦ “…መንካዕ ዘቕረብዎ ሕቶ ቅኑዕ ኢዩ፣ እቲ ናቶም ጌጋ ብወተሃደራዊ ዲሲፕሊን ዘይምእዛዞም ጥራይ ኢዩ። ስለዚ ኣብ ክንዲ ቀይዲን ምርሻንን፣ መረዳእታን ነቐፌታን ጥራይ ምኣኸለ” ዝብል ነበረ። ረ። source Alena pt 7 [3] The battle of Keren was a decisive victory for the EPLF after its foundation Organisational Congress. The Allied Forces’ seizure of Keren from the Italian took two and half month. Under the leadership of Ibrahim it was accomplished within three and half days. [4]Raza project -a peasant march of tens of thousands of Ethiopians was totally smashed at Zalambessa on May 21, 1976 [5]. The member of this Politburea Standing Comittee were formed from: Romodan, (General Secretary) Issayas Deputy Secretary) Haile Duru, (Secretary of Political Committee) and Ibrahim Afa (Secretary of Military Committee) Ibrahim and Duru were more popular [6]. After two months Baruntu was recaptured, the Ethiopians immediately opened another offensive under the name of the Negash, or the Red Sea Offensive, on October 10, 1985 the Ethiopian armed forces launched another offensive, whose objective was the capture of Nakfa \"within five days by November, the Ba-haer Negash Offensive had failed. The Ethiopian army stayed in the NE front for a few months, then withdrew from this area and concentrated on the Nakfa front. [8] In April 1978, the JSPL and joint committees on military, economic and social affairs, information and foreign relation were set up. A year later, in March 1979, the fifth meetings of the JSPL charted out a common military strategy for the Eritrean revolution. It decided that northern Sahel would be the common base area of both fronts and announced that the integration of the EPLF and ELF armies would begin on May 15, 1979. References Afewerki, Tedros (2004) Mesfin Hagos tzakrotat wdbawi gubae nay 1976 http://dev.ainfalale.com/Tedros_Afewerki/TA_040313_1.htm Ammar, Woldeyesus (2004) Revisiting the Kagnew Station incident http://www.awate.com/artman/publish/article_3123.stml Andu, Gebrekal ( ) EPLF an inside story ( special issue) Februry., 1981 (full text of the statement of Teclai Ghebre-Mariam (Teclai Aden) http://www.dekebat-eritra.com/News_Octob10.html Awate Team (2004) Abdella Adem answers Awate readers question. In Documents/Interview http://www.awate.come/artman/publish/article_3312.shtml Connell, Dan (2003) Enough! A CRITIQUE OF Eritrea's Post-Liberation Politics http://zete.delina.org/zete/37.asp?quSri=37 Davidson, Basil (1988) Basil Davidson reports from Eritrea on a chance of peace in the face of war and famine.In Eritrea in the Western Media p71 Dawit, Daniel ( 2003) The best of 2003 & A Lesson For Dictator Iseyas Afeworki http://dekebat-eritra.com/Ydear2004.html Habte Selassie,Bereket http://news.asmarino.com/Comments/Jan2003/BereketHabteSelassie_11.asp Hughes, Howard (n.d) Eine Volksarmee besonderer Art – der Militärkomplex in Eritrea Or A people's army of special kind-the military complex in Eritrea www.acia.sun.ac.za/projects/afa/afjt.htm Kidane, Aida (2004) Memories of a fighter 1969-70 Part 1: Narration of Tesfamariam Assefae ca 50 years old Told to Aida Kida in Gottsunda Uppsala Sweden at his home 4 September 2000 ca 20:00 at his balcony http://eri24.com/Article_373.htm Kidane, Resoum et.al (1996) The patterns and Socioeconomic and environmetal impacts of conflict in Eritrea Occasional Papers series on Environment & Development in an age of transition Michael (abu_selaa) (2002) Bingo! The Terror via Blackmailing. >http://www.eritrea1.org/home/articles/021102mas.htm Tberh O.E (2001)PFDJ And Isaias- Hard Wired To Be Evil http://www.eritrea1.org/home/articles/091101to.htm Washington Post (1987): Liberated Eritrea lives by comouflage . The Washington Post Thursday, December 31, 1987 : In Eritrea in the Western Media , January-June 1988. Compiled by concerned Americans and Eritreans of the San Francisco Bay Area. Latest information/evidence from Alena on the mysterious death of Ibrahim Afa [[pt 6 ተጋዳላይ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ] ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ቅድሚ ምስውኡ ብዛዕባ ወተሃደራዊ ቅሩብነት ብዝምልከት ምስ ኣባላቱ ኣኼባ ሒዙ ኣብ ዝነበረሉ ግዜ፣ ህድኣት ኣምለሶም (ጓል ኣርባዕተ) ምስቲ ሳጢር ብዝብል ሳጓ ዝጽዋዕ፣ ክልቲኦም ኦፐረተራት ካብቲ ቦታ ኣኼባ ፍንትት ኢሎም መልእኽቲ ካብ ስምኦን ገብረድንግል ይቕበሉ ነይሮም። ብድሮኡ ከኣ ወዲ ዓፋ ምስቲ ብጽርግያ ብድሆ /ዓምበርቦብ-ሓሊበት/ ዘንቆልቆለ ተጋዳላይ መስፍን ሓጎስ ተራኺቡ ነይሩ ኢዩ። መስፍንን ኢብራሂምን ኣብ ዓራግ ብሓደ ንምሕዳር መዲቦም ምስ ተረዳድኡ፣ መስፍን ሓጎስ “…ፊሊጶስ ናይ ግድን ምሳይ ሕደር ስለዝበለኒ፣ ምስኡ ክሓድር እየ” ኢሉ ሽዑ ለይቲ ምስ ፊሊጶስ ወልደዮሃንስ ከም ዝሓደረ ጭብጢ ሰነድ ኣሎ። ፊሊጶስ ወልደዮሃንስ ከኣ ቅድሚ ቅንጸላ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ፍሉይ ድምጺ ዘይብሉ ጠበናጁ /ሳይለንሰር/ ዝዓጠቑ ሓሙሽተ ሰባት ናብ መደበር ክፍሊ ታዕሊም ሓላፊ ጋንታ ዝነበረ ድራር ዝተባህለ ብሕድሪ ንክጸንሑሉ ኣረኪቡዎ ነበሩ ኢዩ። እቲ ሳይለንሰር ጠበናጁ ባዕሉ ኢብራሂም ምስ ምቛም ኣሃዱ ኮማንዶ ናብ ደገ ከይዱ መሪጹ ዘምጽኦ ብረት ኢዩ። ብድሕሪ መርዕኡ ምስ ኑራ መሓመድ ኣብ 1980 ካርቱም፤ ናብ ደገ ምስ ተላእከ ድማ ኣብቲ ኣብ ምስሪ /እስክንድርያ/ ዝነበረሉ ግዜ ኢዩ ነቲ ብረት ኣእትዩዎ። እቶም ሳይለንሰር ዝዓጠቑ ተጋደልቲ፣ ልክዕ ሰዓት ሓሙሽተ ድ.ቀ. ናብ ታባ ዓጋመት ክድይቡ እንከለዉ ዝረኣዮም ናይ ዓይኒ ምስክር /ጽባሕ ንግሆ ብኣካል ዝምስክር/ ኣሎ። ሻቡ ኢብራሂም ነታ ሰዓት ኣርባዕተ ድ.ቀ. ዝጀመራ ቡን ኣስታት ሰዓት ሽዱሽተ ወዳዲኡ፣ ምስ ክልተ ኦፐረተራቱን ሓደ መኻይድቱን ሒዙ ሰዓት ሽዱሽተ ንምዕራባዊ ጎቦ ዓጋመት ተተሓሓዞ። ከምቲ ኣብ ላዕሊ ገሊጸዮ ዘለኹ፣ ኣብ ምቕንጻል ወዲ ዓፋ ኢሳይያስ ንበይኑ ጥራይ ክፍጽሞ ኣይክእልን ኢዩ። ስለዚ ናብታ መዓልቲ እቲኣ ንምብጻሕ ብዙሓት ምስጢራውያን ኣኼባታት ምስ ሓያሎይ ሰባት ይገብር ከም ዝነበረ ፍሉጥ ኢዩ። ሽዑ ምሸት ኢብራሂም ገንሸል መስዋእቲ ንምግባር ኩላቶም ተዋሳእቲ ወዛሕዛሕ ዝብልሉ ዝነበሩ ምሸት ኢዩ። መስፍን ሓጎስ ምስ ፊሊጶስ ወልደዮሃንስ ድሕሪ ምሕዳሩ ናብ ዓራግ ላዕላይ፣ ፊሊጶስን ኢዮብ ሓሊባይን ናብ ታባ ደብረ-እበን፤ ኣላዪ መድረኽ እቲ ዓቢ ስርሒት ኢሳይያስ ከኣ ንኦፐረተሩ “ርክብኪ ምስ ወዲ ዓፋ ኣብ ሰሰዓት ኢዩ። ንዕኡ ምስ ረኸብኪ ከኣ ብቐጥታ ናባይ መልእኽቲ ስደዲ” ዝብል መምርሒ ስራሕ ድሕሪ ምሃቡ፤ ምስ ጊላይ መራሕ መኪንኡ ጉዕዞ ናብ ፖርት-ሱዳን። ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ክፋል ጽሑፈይ ኢሳይያስ ካብ ካርቱም ናብ ዋና ጸሓፊ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ዝነበረ ሮሞዳን መሓመድ ኑር ናብ ደማስቆ /ሶርያ/ ዝሰደዶ መርድእ ወዲ ዓፋን፣ ህሉው ምክፍፋል ጀነራላት ህግደፍን ከቕርብ ምዃነይ ተዛሪበ ነይረ፣ ግን እቲ ታሪኽ መመሊሱ ይነውሕ ስለዘሎ፣ ኣብ ሓደ ክፋል ክጠቓለል ዝከኣል ኣይኮነን። ኣብ ዝመጽእ ክፋል ቅንጸላ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ፣ ዝምድንኡ ምስ ኢሳይያስ ካብ ግዜ ሰብዓታት፣ ብፍላይ ከኣ ኣብ ዞባ ደቡብ ቦጦሎኒታት 4 ን 5 ን /ኣሃዱታት ናይ ወዲ ዓፋን ናይ ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለን/ ዓበይቲ ዓወታት ይገብራሉ ኣብ ዝነበራ ግዜ፤ ኢብራሂም ምስቲ ኣብቲ እዋን’ቲ ኣዛዚ ናይቲ ግንባር ዝነበረ ተጋዳላይ መስፍን ሓጎስ፤ ዝነበረ ስሉሳዊ ዝምድናታቶምን ርክቦም ምስ ኢሳይያስ እንታይ ይመስል ከም ዝነበረን፤ ከምኡ’ውን ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ኣብ ጉዳይ ስምረት፣ ኣብ ጉዳይ ምዝላቕን ጉዳይ ዝርርብ ሰላም ምብራቕ ጀርመንን ምስ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ ዝነበሮ ናይ ኣረኣእያ ፍልልያትን ዝቕልቀሉ ዝነበሩ ሰበባትን ክንርኢ ኢና። Sourceትልሚ፣ ንዘርኢ ክርዳድ : 6 ይ ክፋል - ብ ኣለና [http://assenna.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3123:-6-&catid=46:discussion&Itemid=100584] Latest information/evidence from Alena on the mysterious death of Ibrahim Afa [ part 5] ኣብ ጋዜጣ ‘ሓዳስ ኤርትራ’ ጥሪ 15 1994 ዓምዲ ‘መስዋእቲ ዋጋ ሓርነት፤’ በቲ ብናይ ብርዒ ስም ‘ጽገሬዳ’ ዝብል ዝጽሕፍ ዝነበረ ዓሊ ዓብዱ ዝተጻሕፈት፣ ብኢሳይያስ ድማ ምኩሕሓል ዝተገብረላን ጽሕፍቲ፤ እዚ ኣብ ላዕሊ ዘሎ ናይ ኣምሰሉ ቁንጫል ሕጥቦ-ጽሑፍ ተጻሒፉ ነበረ። በዓል ደም ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ግን ናይ ጸላኢ ኣሃዱ ስለያ ዘይኮነስ፣ ባዕሉ እዚ ኮሓሓሊ ናይታ ጽሕፍቲ ዝኾነ ኢሳይያስ ምዃኑ ካብ እንፈልጥ ሓያለይ ዓመታት’ኳ እንተሓለፈ፣ ብሰንኪ ውሕስነት ህይወት ንነዊሕ ዓመታት ተጠኒሱ ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ ሎሚ ንምጽሓፍ በቒዑ። ንሰባት ከም መለኮት ኣብ ዝኣመንካሉ ግዜ፣ እዚን ከምዚን ዝኣመሰለ ናይ ታሪኽ ሓተላ እናሰተኻ ኢኻ እትነብር። እቲ ዘገርም ኣቀታትላ ወዲ ዓፋ ረቂቕ ብዘይኮነ ስልቲ ተቐቲሉ ክነሱ፣ ካብ ትሒም-ትሒም ሓሊፉ ሃህ ኢሉ ዝተዛረበ ሰብ ዘይምንባሩ ኢዩ። ኣቀማምጣ ግንባር ሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ሳሕል ንዝፈልጥ ከኣ’ሞ እቲ ኢሳይያስ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ንምጥፋእ ዝወሰዶ ኣዕናዊ ስጉምቲ ንምርዳእ ናይ ምምርማር ሀ…ሁ ዘድልዮ ጉዳይ ኣነበረን። ጎቦ ዓጋመት ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ኣብቲ ዝጸንከረ ወራራትን ብዙሕን ሓያልን ዓቕሚ ዝነበረሉን ግዜ ሓሙሻይን ሻድሻይን ወራራት’ኳ ኣይደየቦን። ኣቀማምጥኡ ብወገን ምብራቕ ኣዝዩ ጸዳፍ ዝኾነ ጎቦ ዓጋመት፣ ካብ ጎቦ ደብረ-እበን ንወገን ሰሜን ኣዝዩ ዝረሓቐ ኢዩ። ኣብ እዋን ሓያል ግጥማት እቲ ግንባራት ሓዊ ዝተፍኣሉ ዝነበረ ግዜ፣ ካብ ታባ ዎድጋን ክሳብ ሩባ ሽግለት /ኣልጌን፣ ታብ ወዲ ገብሩ፣ ባዶ እኩብ፣ ማይ ክላሽን፣ ጉዋ፣ ታባ ፍረወይኒ፣ ማሕበርነት፣ ቀጠር፣ ደብረ-እበን/ ጥራይ ኢዩ ዝነበረ እቲ ሓያል ውግኣት። እሞ ከኣ ኣብ 1985 ብድሕሪ’ቲ ጀነራል ሑሴን ኣሕመድ ዋና ኣዛዚ ‘ካልኣይ ኣብዮታዊ ሰራዊት’ ዝመርሖ ዝነበረ ዝተደምሰሰ፤ ግንባር ‘ውቃው እዝ’ ስለያ ጸላኢ ክድይቦ ዘይሕሰብ ኢዩ። ግንባር ሰ.ም.ሳሕል ኣብቲ ርሱን ዝነበረሉ ዓመታት፣ እቲ ንተጋደልቲ ተኸኽ ኣቢሉዎም ዝነበረ ስለያ ‘23ኛ ክፍለጦር’ ይኹን ካብ ግንባር ሓል-ሓል ናብቲ ግንባር ተቐይሩ ዝነበረ ኣየር ወለድ ሰራዊት’ውን ናብ ከባቢ ዓጋመት ናይ ምድያብ ፈተነ ገይሮም ኣይፈልጡን ኢዮም። ኣብ ኣሰራርሓ ውድብ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ብድሕሪ’ቲ ሓያል ተወፋይነት ሰራዊትን ህዝቢን ዓቢ ተራ ዝነበሮ ስለያ /ክፍሊ 72/፤ ኣይሽንኳይዶ ካብ ማህሚመት ናብ ዓጋመት /ኣስታት 40-50 ኪ.ሜ./ ዝተበገሰት ጋንታ ስለያ ጸላኢ፣ ሓንቲ ኣሃዱ ካብ ኣስመራ ክትብገስ እንከላ ኢያ ትፍለጥ ዝነበረት። ኣብ ጠለፋ ዝለዓለ ክእለት ዝነበሮ ክፍሊ 72፣ ነቲ ብቕልል ዝበለ ኮዳት ጥራይ ዘይኮነስ፤ ነቶም ብሞርስ ኮዳት /ብኣዝዩ ዝተሓላለኸ ማዕበል/ ዝመሓላለፉ ዝነበሩ መልእኽቲን ብድሕሪ ምድምሳስ ግንባር ናቕፋ ዝተማረኸ ብዝለዓለ ተክኖሎጂ ዝተሰርሐ ኣር.ዲ.ኤፍ. /RDF/ ዝተባህለ ስርሓት ሩስያ ዝኾነ መራኸቢታት’ውን ኣብ ጥቕሙ ኣውዒሉዎ ኢዩ። ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ነፈርቲ ኲናት ከም ዝብገሳን፣ ኣበየናይ ከባቢታት ክድብድባ ምዃነንን ይፍለጥ ነይሩ ኢዩ። ደርግ ነቲ ኣብ ግንባር ሓልሓልዝኸፈቶ ወራር ‘ባሕሪ ነጋሽ’ ጸቕጢ ንምግባር ጥራይ ብማህሚመት ዝተቐልቀለ ውሑድ ቁጽሩ ሰራዊት፣ ኣብቲ ብረሾ 12 ጦር-ሰራዊት ንሓደ ተጋዳላይ ዝብጽሖ ዝነበረ እዋን፣ ሓያል ዝነበረሉ ግዜ’ኳ ዘይደየቦ ጎቦ ዓጋመት፤ ደይቡ ንኢብራሂም ዓፋ ቀቲሉዋ ክበሃል፤ እንታይ ዓይነት ስራይ ከም ዝተገብረሉ ንተጋዳላይ እንድዒ! ደሓር ቀሰይ ኢልካ ኣብ ትትንትነሉ ግዜ፣ “ናይ ጸላኢ ስለያ ኣብ ዓጋመት ደይቡ ንወዲ ዓፋ ቀቲሉዎ። ግን ካብቲ ንስለያ ዝወፈረ ሓይሊ ወላ ሓደ ሰብ’ውን ኣይተመልሰን። ኩላቶም ተቐቲሎም ኢዮም!” ዝብል ጥበብ ከኣ ተማሂዙ። ሽዑ ኣብ ታባ ዓጋመት ምስ ወዲ ዓፋ ዝተቐትለ መብራህቱ ተወልደመድህን ዝተባህለ ተጋዳላይ ነይሩ’ዩ። ሓደ ካብ ኣባላት ክፍሊ ታዕሊም ከኣ ነቲ ዝተገብረ ርኡይ ቅንጸላ ምስ ተዓዘበ፣ ደድሕሪ ወዲ ዓፋን መብራህቱን ጥይት ናብኡ ከም እትቐንዕ ስለዘይሰሓቶ፤ ኣብ ወጋሕታ ከም ኢራብ በሪሩ ምስ ጠፍአ ኣይተረኽበን። ስለዚ ንኢሳይያስን ደቀ-መዛሙርቱን ኣዝዩ ዘሻቕሎም ጉዳይ ኮነ። መብራህቱ ኣብ ስርዓት ኢትዮጵያ ሻምበል ዝነበረ፣ ምስ በዓል ሻለቃ ነጋሽ ተስፋጼን /ሎሚ ብሪጋደር ጀነራል/ ዝተሰለፈ፤ ምኩር ወተሃደር ኢዩ ዝነበረ። ሻምበል ኣብ ስርዓት ኢትዮጵያ ዓላሚ ክቡር ዘብዐኛ ዝነበረ፣ ዝለዓለ ወተሃደራዊ ጥበብ ዝነበሮ፣ ኣብ ዓራግ /ሳሕል/ ድማ ነቶም ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ዝመስረቶም ቀዳሞት ኮማንዶ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ዝዓለመ ምኩር ወተሃደር ኢዩ ነይሩ። ሽዑ ምስቶም ናብ ታባ ዓጋመት ዝደየቡ ኣባላት ክፍሊ ታዕሊም፣ ደይቡ ነይሩ። እቲ መደንጾ ጉዳይ ከኣ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ካብ ጸላኢ ዝሰለቦ ንብረት ከም ብረት፣ ቦምባ፣ ብራሾ ወ.ዘ.ተ…ኣድቂቑ ዝጸባጸብ ውድብ ክነሱ፣ ጫማ ይኹን ቀጠልያ ክዳን ጦር-ሰራዊት ኣይተራእየን። ህዝባዊ ግንባር ኣብ ተመኩሮኡ ንዝሞቱ ወተሃደራት ጸላኢ ቀቢሩ ኣይፈልጥን ኢዩ። ኣብ ዝባን ዓጋመት ሰባት ምስ ደየቡ ግን ወላ ሓደ ናይ ጸላኢ ሬሳ ወይ ደም ዝተጸየቐት እምኒ ኣይረኣዩን። እቲ ፊልም ኣዝዩ ነዊሕ ኢዩ። ኣባላት ክፍሊ ታዕሊም በዓል ወዲ በላይን ፣ ኣብ ቤት ትምህርቲ ዊና ተክኒካዊ ትምህርቲ ዝመሃሩ ዝነበሩ ተጋደልቲን፣ ወጋሕታ ሰዓት ኣርባዕተ ኣብ ጥርዚ ዓጋመት ኣድራጋ ጠያይት ምስ ተተኮሰ፤ ንረዳት ደይቦም ኢዮም። ግን ካብቲ ጥቓ ቦታ ፍጻሜ “ተመለሱ” ተባሂሎም ከም ዝተመልሱ ህሉዋት ሰባት ዝገልጽዎ ሓቂ ኢዩ። ሓደ ኣብቲ ከባቢ ካብ ዝነበሩ ተጋደልቲ ጉርጃ ዝተባህለ፣ መምህር ተመሃሮ ዊና፤ ብዙሕ ምትእስሳራት ተዓዚቡ ነይሩ ኢዩ። ጉርጃ ዓው ኢሉ ዝዛረብ ግሩህ ተጋዳላይ ምንባሩ ዘይፈልጥ ተጋዳላይ የለን። እቲ ዘገርም ከኣ ተጋዳላይ ጉርጃ ኣብ ፈለማ ዓመታት ናጽነት ‘ሃንደበታዊ መስዋእቲ’ ብዝተባህለ መርድእ ኣብ ኣስመራ ተሰዊኡን ተቐቢሩን። ኣብ ኤሮውሮጳ ንነዊሕ ዓመታት ኣባል ሓፋሽ ውድብ ዝነበረ ሓዉ ንጉርጃ ከኣ ኣብ ኣስመራ ተኣኢሩ ነይሩ’ዩ። ማእሰርቱ ምስ ጉዳይ ሓዉ ምትእስሳር ነይሩዎ’ዶ ኣይነበሮን ግን ዝፈለጥኩዎ ነገር ኣይነበረን። እቲ ዘጥቅዐ ስለያ ብሙሉኡ ተቐቲሉ ኢዩ ተባሂሉ፣ ምኽንያቱ ሃዲሙ እንተተባሂሉ ድማ ስለምንታይ ደኣ ደርግ ዘይዛረበሉ ከይበሃል። ኣብ ግዜ ለይቲ ዝንቀሳቐስ ሰላሕታ ኣሃዱ ስለያ፣ መሬት ከይወግሐ ናብ ደጀኑ ክምለስ ስለዝግብኦ፣ ኣብቲ ግዜ’ቲ ጥርዚ ዓጋመት ንምብጻሕ ነቲ በብስጉምቲ ክኸይድ ዝነበሮ ኣሃዱ ስለያ ዝበሉዎ በዓል ኢሳይያስ፤ ካብ ጎላጉል ኣውገት ብቐትሪ ክብገስ ነይሩዎ። ጸላኢ ንምክትታል ኣብ ጠረዚት እቲ ግንባር ዝነበረ ናይ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ቢኒኮሎታትን /ክሻፋታት/ ኣብ ጫፍ ታባ ቀጠር ዝነበረ ፍሉይ መቆጻጸሪ ክሻፋን /ተለስኮፕ/ ነቲ ዝተበገሰ ስለያ ዘይርእያ እንተድኣ ነይረን እንታይ ኢየን ዝሕልዋ ነይረን? ኣብቲ ዓይኒ እንከለና ዕዉራት፣ እዝኒ እንከለና ድማ ጸማማት ዝነበርናሉ ሰዓት ብምሒር እምነት ንኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ ንከምዚ ዝኣመሰለ ቀሊል ተዋስኦ’ውን ክንዕዘቦ ኣይከኣልናን። Souce / ትልሚ፣ ንዘርኢ ክርዳ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ክቕጽል። ውጽኢት ቀዳማይ ውድባዊ ጉባአ ህዝባዊ ግንባር፣ ሮሞዳን መሓመድ ኑር ዋና ጸሓፊ፣ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ ምክትል ዋና ጸሓፊ ክኾኑ እንከለዉ፤ ሃይለ ወልደንስአ /ድሩዕ/ ሓላፊ ፒለቲካዊ ጉዳያት ፣ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ድማ ሓላፊ ወተሃደራዊ ጉዳያት ኮይኖም ተመዘዙ። ካብ ኣባላት ፖለቲካዊ ቤት ጽሕፈት ኣብ ብዙሕ ኣኼባታት ንዓፋኒ ኣከያይድኡን ተበላጺ ዕላምኡን ዝቃወሞ ዝነበረ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ፣ ሓደ መዓልቲ ናይ ጥፍኣት ነታጒ ክቐብረሉ ምዃኑ ኣየደቀሶን። ብድሕሪ ውድባዊ ጉባአ፣ ኣብቲ ‘በብቑሩብ ሰብን መሬትን ሓራ ምውጻእ’ ዝብል ወተሃደራዊ ስልቲ፣ እተን ቀዳሞት ብወተሃደራዊ ሕንጻጽ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ: ተወፋይነት ህዝቢን ተጋዳላይን ናጻ ዝወጻ ከተማታትን ሓውሲ ከተማታትን ኤርትራ እዘን ዝስዕባ ነበራ፦ 1) ናቕፋ ብዕለት 23 1977። 2) ኣፍዓበት ብዕለት 06 ሚያዝያ 1977። 3) ደቀምሓረ ብዕለት 06/ ሓምለ 1977። 4) ከረን ብዕለት 08 ሓምለ 1977። 5) ሰገነይቲ ብዕለት 03 ነሓሰ 1977። 6) ድግሳ ብዕለት 05 ነሓሰ 1977 ናጻ ክወጻ እንከለዋ ካልኦት ኣብ መንገዲ ባጽዕ-ኣስመራ፣ ክሳብ ሰይ ዲቺ /16 ኪ.ሜትር ካብ ኣስመራ/ ዝነበራ’ ውን ሰዓብአን። ብወገን ተ.ሓ.ኤርትራ ናጻ ኮይነን ዝነበራ ከተማታትን ሓውሲ ከተማታትን’ውን 1) ተሰነይ ብዕለት 10 ሚያዝያ 1977። 2) መንደፈራ ብዕለት 24 ነሓሰ 1977 3) ኣቑርደት ብዕለት 31 ነሓሰ 1977። 4) ዓዲ ዃላ ብዕለት 12 ነሓሰ 1977 ነበራ። ኣብቲ ግዜ’ቲ ብዘይካ ፍርቂ ክፋል ባጽዕ፣ ዓዲ ቐይሕ፣ ባረንቱን ዓሰብን መላእ መሬት ኤርትራ /ልዕሊ 80%/ ካብ ቁጽጽር ጸላኢ ናጻ ወጺኡ ነበረ። ኣብ መንጎ ክልቲኡ ውድባት ዝነበረ ዝምድናታት እናዓዘዘ ኣብ ዝኸደሉ ዝነበረ ዓመታት ኢዩ’ምበኣር ኢሳይያስ ነታ ንሱ ንበይኑ ዘይነግሰላ ኤርትራ ንዝተቐረበ መኣዲ ናጽነት ደፊኡ፤ ንውድብ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ናብ ምዝላቕ ከም ዝኣቱ ዝገበረ። ኣብ ጉዳይ ምዝላቕ ኣብ መንጎ ላዕለዎት ሓለፍቲ ውድብ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ዘይምርድዳእ ከም ዝነበረ ድሒሩ ይስማዕ ነይሩ ኢዩ። ንውግእ መብዛሕትአን ናጻ ዝወጻ ከቢታት ብትብዓት መሪሑ ዘዐወተ ወዲ ዓፋ ድማ መመሊሱ ካብ ተጋዳልቲ ወርቂ ዘውዲ እናደፍአ ከደ። ኣብ ብዙሓት ኣሃዱታት “…ሰራዊት እንግሊዝ ንከረን ካብ ወተሃደራት ጥልያን ንምሓዝ ሽዱሽተ ኣዋርሕ ወሲዱሎም። ንህዝባዊ ግንባር ግን 3 መዓልቲ ጥራይ…ዓጀብ ጅግንነት!” ኣብ ዝበሃለሉ ዝነበረ ግዜ፤ ዝና ወዲ ዓፋ እናለዓለ ከደ። እቲ ዝና ዝስመዓሉ ዝነበረ ግዜ’ውን ኢብራሂም ላዕለዋይ ሓባራዊ ፖለቲካዊ ሽማግለ ክልቲኡ ውድባት ኮይኑ ንክሰርሕ ውድብ መዝነት ኣሰከሞ። ኣብ ላዕለዋይ ሓባራዊ መሪሕነት ይሰርሓሉ ኣብ ዝነበረ ግዜ፤ ብዛዕባ ተኽእሎ ሓድነት ክልቲኡ ውድባት ኤርትራ ምሉእ ዕድል ከም ዝነበረን፤ ናጽነት ኤርትራ ንምጉንጻፍ’ውን ነተን ዝተረፋ መዓስከራት ጸላኢ ዝኸፈልካ ከፊልካ ናጻ ምውጽአን ዝብል ጸብጻቡ የቕርብ ነበረ። ብድሕሪ ምሕራር ከተማ ከረን፣ ኤርትራ ናጻ ክትወጸሉ እትኽእለሉ ኣገባብን መንገዲን ብዝምልከት ምስ ኢሳይያስ ሓያለይ ግዜ ናብ ቁሩቁስ ይኣትዉ ነይሮም ኢዮም። ኢብራሂም ዓፋ በቲ ኢሳይያስ በብዓመቱ ዝወስዶ ዝነበረ ቃሕታዊ ስጉምቲ ዕጉብ ኣይነበረን። ናጻን ዲሞክራስያዊን ርእይቶ ዝነበሮ ወዲ ዓፋ፣ ነቲ ብኣረኣእያ ኢሳይያስ ጥራይ ዝውሰን ዝነበረ ጉዳያት፦ 1)ጉዳይ ስምረት ምስ ውድብ ተ.ሓ.ኤ.፣ 2)ጉዳይ ምዝላቕ ካብ ኣፍደገ ኣስመራ 3)ጉዳይ ዝርርብ ምስ ደርግ ኣብ በርሊን። ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ብፍላይ ኣብ ጉዳይ ዝርርብ ምብራቕ ጀርመን /በርሊን/ ንሓፋሽ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ብዘርብሕ ኣገባብ፣ ንጹር ተቓውሞ ናብ ኢሳይያስ የቕርብ ነይሩ ኢዩ። ቀዳማይ ርክብ በርሊን ካብ ዕለት 25-29/11/1977 ካልኣይ ርክብ በርሊን ብዕለት 02/02/1978 ሳልሳይ ርክብ በርሊን ካብ ዕለት 22-23/03/1978 ራብዓይ ርክብ በርሊን ካብ ዕለት 09-10/06/1978 ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ፤ ስርዓት ደርግ ሓይሉ ክሳብ ዘደልድልን ካብ ሕብረት-ሶቭየት ነበር እልቢ ዘይነበሮ ኣጽዋር ክሳብ ዝዕድግን ኢዩ ዝጽበዮ ነይሩ። ደርግ ድማ ብስም ‘ዝርርብ ሰላም’ ናይ ምህማል ኣሽካዕላል ክጻወት ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ፣ ልዕሊ 300,000 ሰራዊት ኣሰሊፉ ብዕለት 15/07/1978 ሰፊሕ ቀዳማይ ወራር ደርግ ጀመረ። ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ መስዋእቲ ኣብርሃም ተወልደን፤ ደሓር’ውን ኣብ ጉዳይ ምእሳር ሰለሞን ወልደማርያምን ዓቢ ፍልልይ ኢዩ ነይሩዎም። ንእግረ መንገድና ሰለሞን ወልደማርያም ናብ ሱዳን ምስ ሃደመ ወዲ ዓፋን ሮሞዳን መሓመድ ኑርን ኢዮም ከይዶም ለሚኖም መሊሶሞ። “ብናትካ እምነት ጥራይ እየ ዝምለስ ዘለኹ” ኢሉ ሰለሞን ንኢብራሂም ተዛሪቡዎ ነይሩ’ዩ። ኣብ መንጎ ኣባላት ፖለቲካዊ ቤት ጽሕፈት ህዝባዊ ግንባር፣ ብፍላይ ከኣ ኣብ መንጎ ኢሳይያስን ገለ ኣባላት ፖ/ቤ/ጽሕፈትን ከቢድ ግርጭት ከም ዝነበረ ድማ ተኽላይ ገብረማርያም /ዓደን/ ብ23 ታሕሳስ 1980 ኣብ ረድዮ ኢትዮጵያ ገሊጽዎ ነይሩ ኢዩ። እቲ ዝነበረ ምፍጣጥን ሓያል ናጻ ርእይቶ ኢብራሂም ዓፋን ግን ንኢሳይያስ ፈጺሙ ኣየደቀሶን ነይሩ። ብድሕሪ ምዝላቕ፣ ኢሳይያስ ኢብራሂም ንምንጻልን ንምድስካልን ብዙሕ ፈተነታት ገይሩ’ዩ። ገለ ኢሳይያስ ዝለኣኾም መዓድቲ ንኢብራሂም “ካብዚ ዘለኻዮ ሓንሳብ ምስራሕ ንሓንሳብ ከኣ ምድስካልሲ ሞት ይሓይሽ፣ ሰብኣይ ክልተ ግዜ ክረአ የብሉን…” እናበሉ ከምቲ ኣባል ማእከላይ ሽማግለ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ዝነበረ ተጋዳላይ ሃብተ ተኽለ ዝወሰዶ ርእሰ-ቅትለት፤ ወዲ ዓፋ’ውን ኣንጸርጺሩ ነብሱ ንክቐትል ምድፍፋእ ይግበረሉ ነይሩ። ኣብ ሻድሻይ ወራር ደርግ ኢሳይያስ ንወዲ ዓፋ ኣብቲ ብተመክሮኡ ክመርሓሉ ዝግባእ ግንባራት ኣብ ክንዲ ዝሰዶ፣ ነቲ ብጎላጉል ናሮ ዝወፈረ፣ ዓቐበት ኣግራዕ /ጽርግያ ሓመድ ዲበላይ/ ንምዕጻው ዝወፍር ዝነበረ 3ይ ክፍለ-ጦር ደርግ ንክከላኸል ተነግሮ። ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ነታ ካብ ብርጌድ 51 ዝመጸት ኣሃዱን /ቦጦሎኒ ወዲ ጸገደ/ ካብ ክፍልታት /ዓምበርቦብ ሕሽክብ/ ኣስመሮም ገረዝግሄር ዘማእከሎም ዝኸተቱ ተጋደልቲን መሪሑ ተዋግአ። እቲ ኣብ መንጎ ኢሳይያስን ኢብራሂምን ዝነበረ ምስሕሓባት እናኸረረ ከደ። ኢሳይያስ፣ ኢብራሂም ንምንጻል ኣብ ኣባላት ሰልፊ “…ምስ ዑስማን ሳልሕ ሳበን ደቂ ሰምሃርን ተመሻጢሩ ዕልዋ ክገብር ይሓስብ ኣሎ” ዝብል ወገናዊ ምጉጅጃል ክገብር ጀመረ። ግን ኣይሰመረሉን፣ እቲ ምንታይ ሞያ ወዲ ዓፋ ዘይፈልጥ ተጋዳላይ ስለዘይነበረ። ኣብቲ ብዕለት 10 ጥቅምቲ 1985 ዝጀመረ ወራር ‘ባሕሪ ነጋሽ’ ኢዩ’ምበኣር ኢሳይያስ ጽቡቕ ኣጋጣሚ ረኺቡ። ጸላኢ ብዕለት 19 መጋቢት 1984 ብኲናት ተሳዒሩ ንዝገደፎ ግንባር ሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ሳሕል ሃንደበት ብማርሳ ተኽላይ ኣተዎ። ሽዑ ኢብራሂም ኣብ ዓራግ ኢዩ ነይሩ። ኣብቲ ከባቢ ብዘይካ ኣሃዱ ክፍሊ ታዕሊም፣ ተመሃሮ /ክፍሊ ህንጻ/ መዓስከር ዊናን ገለ ሓለፍቲን ካልእ ተዋጋኢ ሓይሊ ኣይነበረን። ኩሉ ኣብ ከባቢ ዓራግን ሓሊበትን ዝነበረ ተራ ይኹን ሓላፊ ናብ ግንባር ሓልሓል ከቲቱ ነበረ። ከምቲ ኣብ ላዕሊ ተገሊጹ ዘሎ ምህዞ ኢሳይያስ ንፊልም ቅንጸላ ኢብራሂም ሽዑ ኢዩ ጀሚሩ። ከምቲ ኣቐዲመ ዝጠቐስኩዎ ድማ፣ ሃንደበት ናብ ሱዳን ተበገሰ። ንወዲ ዓፋ ዝቐትል ‘እሙን’ በዓል መዚ ፈልዩ ክብገስ እንከሎ፤ ኦፐረተሩ ንዝነበረት ተጋዳሊት“…ርክብኪ ምስ ወዲ ዓፋ ኣብ ሰሰዓት ይኹን። ንወዲ ዓፋ ምስ ረኸብኪ ከኣ፣ ቀጥታ ንዓይ ርኸብኒ። ስለዚ ኣነን ንስኺን ርክብና ኣብ ከክልተ ሰዓት ኢዩ።” ኢሉዋ ተበገሰ። ኦፐረተር ርክባ ኣየቋረጸትን፣ ናብ ካርቱም ምስ ኣተወ፣ ንግሆ ዘመሓላለፈቶ ቀዳማይ መልእኽታ ከኣ ንኢሳይያስ ናይ ደስ-ደስ ዜና ኮነ። ኦፐረተር ንኢብራሂም ዓፋ ካብ ወጋሕታ ሰዓት ኣርባዕተ ንደሓር ክትረኽቦ ከም ዘይከኣለት መልእኽታ ኣመሓላለፈት። ትርጉሙ ብስራት ንኢሳይያስ፤ ንህዝቢ ኤርትራ ግን መርድእ ነበረ። እታ ንግሆ እቲኣ ድማ ኢሳይያስ ጸባ ዝሰተየላ፣ ጅግና ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ከኣ ኣብ ኣኻውሕ ጎቦ ዓጋመት ዝተቐብረላ ወጋሕታ ኮነት። ትልሚ ንዘርኢ ክርዳድ ዝተለመ ኢሳይያስ፣ እታ ንግሆ እቲኣ ትልሚ ዝኽትምና ሳራ ኢብራሂም ነበረት። ሽዑ ምክትል ክነሱ መርድእ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ናብ ዋና ጸሓፊ ሮሞዳን መሓመድ ኑር ሰደደ። ሮሞዳን ኣብቲ ግዜ’ቲ ብጉዳይ ስራሕ ኣብ ሶርያ ደማስቆ ኢዩ ዝነበረ። ነቲ መርድእ ምስ ኣንበበ ከኣ፣ እቲ ጉዳይ ሃንደበት ከም ዝኾኖ ናይ ሕርቃን ቃል ተዛሪቡ ኢዩ። ምዝራብ ጥራይ ዘይኮነ ከኣ፣ ገጹ ከም ዝኣሰረን ካብቶም ጥቕኡ ዝነበሩ ሰባት’ውን ከም ዝተኣልየን ናይ ዓይኒ ምስክር፣ ኣብቲ ግዜ’ቲ ምስ ሮሞዳን ኣብ ደማስቆ ዝነበረ ኣባል ማእከላይ ሽማግለ ህዝባዊ ግንባር መሓመድ ኑር ዲጎል ሎሚ ብሂወቱ ዘሎ ሰብ’ዩ። ። ትልሚ፣ ንዘርኢ ክርዳድ : 7 ይ ክፋል - ብ ኣለና ትልሚ ንዘርኢ ክርዳድ - 8ይ ክፋል - ብ ኣለና Thursday, 04 November 2010 19:54 Print እዞም ክልተ ሓለፍቲ ብወገን ሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ዝኸዱ ኣምሲሎም ጸልማት ጉልባብ ገይሮም ደድሕሪ ኢብራሂም ናብ ዓጋመት ደይቦም ኢዮም። ኣብ ጥቓ ወዲ ዓፋ ዝነበሮ ኣድብዮም ከም ዝሓደሩ፣ ሳይለንሰር ምስ ዝዓጠቑ ረሸንቲ ጉጅለ ብኮድ ድሕሪ ምርኻቦም ከኣ፣ ወጋሕታ ሰዓት ኣርባዕተ ንኢብራሂም ዓፋ፣ ሻምበል መብራህቱን ዮሴፍ ዝተባህለ ኣውቲስትኡን ምስኡ ደይቦም ዝነበሩ ኣባላቱን ቀተሉዎም። ንእለት በዓል ፊሊጶስ ኣብ ጥቓ እቶም ረሸንቲ ኮይኖም ኣድራጋ ቶኽሲ እናተኮሱ ናብቲ ኩምራ ሬሳታት ተሓወሱ። ከምቲ ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ክፋል ዝገለጽኩዎ ከኣ፣ ዓላማይ ወዲ በላይ /ኢዱ ቆራጽ ተጋዳላይ/ ካብ ክፍሊ ታዕሊም ዘበገሶም ተጋደልቲን ካብ ምኽታት ግንባር ሓልሓል ዝተረፉ ተመሃሮ ቤት ትምህርቲ ዊናን ናብ ዝባን ዓጋመት ንረዳት ኣብ ዝጎይሉ ዝነበሩ ወጋሕታ፤ ኣብ መንገዲ ዝጸንሖም መስፍን ሓጎስ፦ “ተመለሱ ወላ ሓንቲ ነገር የለን። ገለ ውሑዳት ስለያ ኢየን ቶግ-ቶግ ኣቢለን ጸኒሐን። ግን ኩላተን ኣብኣ ተዛሕዚሐን ኢየን። ኪዱ ተመለሱ ኣመት ኣሃዱታትኩም ግበሩ” ኢሉ ከም ዝመለሶም ብሂወት ዘለዉ መሰኻኽር ኣለዉና፣ ጽባሕ ንግሆ ድማ ባዕሎም ክምስክሩ ኢዮም። ቅድሚ ሰሙን ኣብ ኢ-መይለይ ዝረኸብኩዎ ተወሳኺ ናይ ዓይኒ ምስክር ድማ፣ ሓደ ሽዑ ከብዱ ተወጊኡ ንመዓናጥኡ ብጨርቂ ጀኒኑ ብስንባድ ናብ ክፍሊ ባህሊ ዓራግ ዝወረደ ተስፋኣለም ዝተባህለ ኣባል ክፍሊ ታዕሊም ተጋዳላይ ተራእዩ ነይሩ። ድሕሪ ቁሩብ ግዜ ናበይ ከም ዘእተዉዎ ግን ዝፈለጠ ሰብ ኣይነበረን። ነቲ ተዋስኦ ሓቀኛ ጉዳይ ከም ዝኾነ ንምምሳል ከኣ ቶኽሲ ክሳብ ፋዱስ ጸጸኒሑ ተሰምዐ። እቲ ዝወፈረ ኣሃዱ ስለያ ጸላኢ እንተድኣ ነይሩ፣ ቶኽሲ ከኣ ወጋሕታ ሰዓት ኣርባዕተ ተኸፊቱ። ‘’ኩላተን እተን ንስለያ ዝወፈራ ተቐቲለን ኢየን’’ ተባሂሉ ተዘሪቡስ፣ ስለምንታይ ደኣ “ተቐቲለን” እንተኾይነን ቶኽሲ ክሳብ ፋዱስ? ናይ ዓወት ቶኽሲ ኢዩ ክትኮስ ዘርፈደ ከይንብሎ፣ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ኣይሽንኳይዶ ንሓደ ጉጅለ ስለያ ደምሲሱ፣ ንዝኾነ ወተሃደራዊ ዓወት’ውን ቃሕ ከም ዝበሎ ጠያይት ንሰማይ ተኲሱ ኣይፈልጥን ኢዩ። ኣብ ስልቲ ወተሃደራዊ ስለያ፣ ዝኾነ ብለይቲ ዝወፍር ኣጥቃዒ ብጸልማት ኣጥቂዑ መሬት ቅድሚ ምብርሁ ናይ ግድን ናብ ደጀኑ ክበጽሕ ነይሩዎ። ስለያ ጸላኢ ክሳብ መሬት ዝበርህ ኣብ ዝባን ዓጋመት ኳሕ-ገም ከብል እንተውዒሉ ግን ባዕሉ ንሞት ተፈሪዱ ምባል ይሓይሽ። መስፍን ሓጎስ ብዱሮ ካብ ዓንበርቦብ ናብ ዓራግ ምስ ወዲ ዓፋ ብዝነበሮ ቆጸራ ንምሕዳር ከም ዝኸደ፣ ደሓር “ፊሊጶስ ናይ ግድን ምሳይ ሕደር ስለዝበለኒ…” ኢሉ ምስ ፊሊጶስ ወልደዮሃንስ ምሕዳሩ፤ ቶኽሲ ኣብ ዝባን ጎቦ ዓጋመት ተሰሚዑ ተጋደልቲ ንረዳት ኣብ ዝጎዩሉ ዝነበሩ ግዜ ድማ ኣብ መንገዲ ዓጋመት ጸኒሑ “ተመለሱ ወላ ሓንቲ ነገር የለን” ኢሉ ምምላሱን ዝተሓላለኸ ኣጋጣሚታት ኢዩ። ብኸመይ ኢዩ ኪገጣጠም ከኣ ንኣንባቢ እገድፎ። ተጋዳላይ መስፍን ኣብ 2001 ካብ ኣስመራ ምስ ወጸ ኣብተን ቀዳሞት ክልተ ዓመታት ብዛዕባ መስዋእቲ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ተሓቲቱ ክምልስ እንከሎ፦ ‘’ምስ ኢብራሂም ንክንራኸብ ቆጸራ ነይሩና ኢዩ፣ ኣጋጣሚ ኮይኑ ግን ተሰዊኡ’’ ኢሉ ነይሩ። ስለዚ ገለ ንእሽቶ ካብቲ ዓቢ ምስጢር ወዲ ዓፋ ከምዚ ኣብ ክልተ ክፋላት ቀሪቡ ዘሎ ይመስል። ‘ሰብ ይሕመ ዕባራ ይግመ’ ከም ዝበሃል ከኣ፤ ካብቲ ናይዞም ሓለፍቲ ዝነበረ ወዛሕዛሕ /ፊሊጶስ ወልደዮሃንስ፣ መስፍን ሓጎስ፣ ኢዮብ ሓሊባይ/ መን እንታይ ዓይነት ተራ ነይሩዎ ንምፍላጥ ዘጸግም ኣይኮነን። “እሕሕሕ! ዘይተሰርነቐ ይኽእላ” ከም ዝበሃል፣ ኣቶ መስፍን ሓጎስ ብሰናፍጭ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ከይተሰርነቕካ እንከለኻ፣ ን5 ሚልዮን ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ትኽሕሰሉ ሰዓት ሎሚ ይኹን። ናብ ሜዳ ኤርትራ ግዜ ደርሆ-ነቆ ስለዝወጻእካ፤ ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ናይ በረኻ ቅንጸላ ኣሽሓት ዜጋታት ኤርትራውያን ምስ ኢሳይያስ ቀንጻሊ ኔርካ ወይ ድማ ሎሚ ቀንጸልቲ ንዝነበሩ ንገር። ሳልሳይ መንገዲ የለን! ኣብ መንጎ ኢሳይያስን ኢብራሂምን ዝነበረ ዘይምርድዳእ፣ ካብ ግዜ ቀዳማይን ካልኣይን ወገናት ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት /1971/ ዝጀመረ ምንባሩ ኩሉ ገዲም ዝፈልጦ ሓቂ ኢዩ። ስለዚ ሓደ ካብቶም ኢሳይያስ መዓልቲ ዝጽበየሎም ዝነበሩ መሪሕነት ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ኢዩ ዝነበረ። ኢብራሂም ብወተሃደራዊ ክእለት ልዕሊ ኢሳይያስ’ምበር ትሕቲኡ ኣይነበረን። እዚኣ ከኣ እታ ሕማም መርዘኑ ንኢሳይያስ ዝነበረት ኢያ። ኣብቲ ክልተ ክፋላት ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት ነንበይነን ዝነበራሉ እዋን፣ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ፦ “እዚ መስፍን ሓጎስ ተኣሲሩ ክምርመር ኣለዎ” ኢሉ ነይሩ ይበሃል። ምኽንያቱ መስፍን፣ ኣብ ቀዳማይ ወገን ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት ምስ 1) ሮሞዳን መሓመድ ኑር 2) መሓመድ ዓሊ ዑማሮ 3) መሓመድ ዑመር ዓብደላ 4) ዓሊ መሓመድ ዑስማን 5) መሓሪ ደበሳይ ወ.ዘ.ተ… መሪሕነት ተመሪጹ እንከሎ፤ ብቐትሪ ምስ ቀዳማይ ወገን፣ ብለይቲ ከኣ ናብ ካልኣይ ወገን እናኸደ ምስ ኢሳይያስ ምስጢራዊ ርክባት ይገብር ስለዝነበረ ኢዩ ወዲ ዓፋ ‘ምስጢራት ውድብ የበጻጽሕ ስለዘሎ ይመርመር’ ዝበለ። ኣብ 1967 ዓ.ም. ካብ ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ባጽዕ ዝተሰለፈ ኢብራሂም፤ ኢሳይያስ ንስልጠና ብ1967 ናብ ቻይና ምስ ከደ፤ ንሱ’ውን ብ1968 ዓ.ም. ናብ ኩባ ተላኢኹ ነበረ። ኣብቲ ካብ 70ታት ክሳብ ቀዳማይ ውድባዊ ጉባአ /1977/ ዓ.ም. ዝነበረ እዋን ሓሓሊፉ ኣብ መንጎኦም ዘይምርድዳእ ከም ዝነበረ ኩሉ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ዝፈልጦ ሓቂ ኢዩ። ኢብራሂም ኣብ ኲናት መራሒ ጥራይ ዘይኮነስ፣ ተባዕ ተዋጋኣይ ምንባሩ ከኣ ንዝና ኢሳይያስ ዝቆራቖስ ኮይኑ ይረኣዮ ስለዝነበረ፤ ፈጺሙ ኣየደቀሶን። ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ኣብ ቀዳማይ ወገን ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት ኢዩ ዝነበረ። እንተኾነ ምስ ኢሳይያስ ካብ ዝተራኸበሉ ግዜ ንደሓር፣ ስሱዕን ተበላጺን ምንባሩ ኣይሰሓቶን። በቲ ናብ ኣኼባታት እምባህራን ተኽሊን ዘቕርቦ ዝነበረ ተበላጺ ተሳትፎ ድማ ይቕበሎ ኣይነበረን። ጉዳይ መስዋእቲ ኣብርሃም ተወልደን ርክብ ኢሳይያስ ምስ ሲ.ኣይ.አ. ኣብ ቃኘውን’ውን ይሕመ ስለዝነበረ፤ ኢሳይያስ ብኢብራሂም ዓፋ ቅቡል ኣይነበረን። ስለዚ ካብ ግዜ ምጅማር ሰብዓታት ክልቲኦም በብውሽጦም ተፋሊጦም ኢዮም። ሰባት ምንጻል ቀንዲ ስርሑ ገይሩ ዝዓዪ ኢሳይያስ ኣብቲ ግዜ’ቲ ገና ክልቲኡ ሓይልታት ከይተወሃሃደ እንከሎ’ውን ኣንጻር ወዲ ዓፋ፦ “…ቀዳማይ ወገን ብረት ንክህቡና ወሲኖም ነይሮን ኢቶም። ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ግን ተቓዊሙና፣ ስለዚ ኣብ ቀዳማይ ወገን ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት ሓደ ጸላኢ ከም ዘለና ተረዲእና ኣለና” እናበለ ጸለመታት የካይድ ነበረ። ቅድሚ 1ይ ውድባዊ ጉባአ ኣብ ዞባ ደቡብ ዝነበረ ኣቀዋውማ ሓይልታት ህ.ግንባር፤ ኣዛዚ ቦጦሎኒ 5 ኢብራሂም ዓፋ፣ ኮሚሽነሩ ከኣ ዶ/ር ኢዮብ ገብረልኡል፤ ኣዛዚ ቦጦሎኒ 4 ድማ ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለ ናይ ፖለቲካ ኮሚሳር ከኣ በራኺ ገብረስላሴ ነበሩ። ኣንጻር ጸላኢ ይካየዱ ኣብ ዝነበሩ ውግኣት፣ ዓበይቲ ዓወታት ይሕፈሰሉ ኣብ ዝነበረ ግዜን ዝና ወዲ ዓፋ መመሊሱ ይድይብ ነበረ። ኣብቲ ብወርሒ ጥሪ 1977 ዝተገብረ 1ይ ውድባዊ ጉባአ ከኣ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ፣ ኣባል ፖለቲካዊ ቤ/ጽ ኮይኑ ክምረጽ እንከሎ፣ መራሒ ቦጦሎኒ 4 ዝነበረ ተጋዳላይ ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለ ግን ‘ደጋፊ መንካዕ’ዩ’ ብዝብል ክሲ ኢሳይያስ፣ ናብ ጉባአ ኣይተሳተፈን። እቲ ጠንቂ ዘይምስታፍ ወዲ ሃይለ ድማ፣ ምስ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ ብዝነበሮ ሓርፋፍ ዝምድና ዝተበገሰ ኮይኑ፣ ቀንዲ ጸብጻባት ወዲ ሃይለ ናብ ኢሳይያስ ዘመሓላልፍ ዝነበረን ከኣ ሓላፊ ናይተን ክልተ ቦጦሎኒታት ደቡብ ዝነበረ ተጋዳላይ መስፍን ሓጎስ ነበረ። መስፍንን ኢሳይያስን፣ እቶም ክልተ ቀዳሞት ሰልፊ /ኤርትራዊ ህዝባዊ ሰውራዊ ሰልፊ/ (Eritrean Peoples’ Revolutionary Party) ዝመስረቱ ሰባት ኢዮም። ንኢሳይያስን ምስጢራቱን ከም ሕንጻጻት ኣጻብዕቲ ኢዱ ዝፈልጦ ብህይወት ዘሎ ሰብ፣ ተጋዳላይ መስፍን ሓጎስ ኢዩ። ኣቶ መስፍን ነቲ ካብ 1970 ክሳብ 2001 ዓ.ም. ኢሳይያስ ኣብ ልዕሊ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ንዝፈጸሞ ገበናት እንተዝነግረና፤ ነድሪ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ከም ማዕበል ሱናሚ ንዓለም መናወጸ። እነሆ ሕጂ’ውን እቲ ካሕሳ ዝጽበ ዘሎ ህዝቢ ኣፉ ከፊቱ ድምጺ ንክሰምዕ የንባሁቕ ኣሎ። ክቡራንን ክቡራትን! ተዋስኦ ቅንጸላ ወዲ ዓፋ ኣብዚ ይድምደም። ተወሳኺ ሓበሬታ ዘለኩም ዜጋታት በብመንገድኹም ናብ ህዝቢ ክትዝርግሑ እላቦ። ኣብ ዝቕጽል ክፋል፣ ቅንጸላ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ፣ ንሜጀር ጀነራል ፊሊጶስ ወልደዮሃንስ ዝፈጠረሉ ሓለፋን ድርብ ስልጣንን ክንርኢ ኢና። ናባይ እትጽሕፍዎ መአረምታ፣ ተወሳኺ ወይ ምኽሪ ከኣ በዚ ዝስዕብ ኣድራሻይ ንክትሕብሩኒ ብትሕትና አዘኻኽር። Read more What is the meaning of silence?General Mesfin Hagos is hiding all the present and past conspiracies and crimes IN MEMORY OF PRISONERS EXECUTED BY THE EPLF ( 1970s & 1980s)", "model": { "schema_version": 1, "document_id": "fff4116475e0e66ad78d00bf", "source_sha256": "c460cf9bc07cc6e2d5a29fe147f21311720921ffd64bba17484f24bbc7aa59a8", "blocks": [ { "id": "b-87a4e6c729b1b1706eb382ea", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/49/1/0/1/1/0", "start": 8063, "end": 8188 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/6be466fb696a86446776b0eb92061e226482bd152da82d9c98c3bcb0bb34c9a8.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-03240b0c96dcb2c09b7b4fed", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/49/1/0/1/2/0", "start": 8201, "end": 8248 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The mysterious death of Ibrahim Afa " }, { "text": "in 1985", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-cce974dece8bbe2546c23277", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/49/1/0/1/3/0/0", "start": 8293, "end": 8420 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/23eebeac4ee1478b31ab4e4c39dde3a01d27ea114c5ad858443eb908429e702e.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-dd235d4b29e812f013c455e6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/49/1/0/1/5/0", "start": 8439, "end": 8464 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "20 years ago" } ] }, { "id": "b-69d08e8f1d18f70de04bd355", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/49/1/0/1/7/0", "start": 8479, "end": 8523 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "by Resoum Kidane\n 20/06/2005", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-e7509be51b3561fa31270214", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/51/1/0/1/0", "start": 8606, "end": 8653 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "There are still questions to be answered about " }, { "text": "EPLF fighters who were killed in suspicious circumstances", "href": "/documents/0f566634bea4d4337741294c/" }, { "text": ". Some of them were very well-known in the earlier 1970s and mid -1980s.: Abraham Tewolde [1], Weldenkel Haile (Wedi-Haile), [2] , Isayas Tewelde ( Wedi-Flansa), Fisehye Woldegebrel . and Ibrahim Afa . Some people believe that the circumstances of Ibrahim Afa's death are not clear( Dawit, Daniel, 2001); others believe that Isayas Afwerki killed his long-time comrade Ibrahim Afa (VKP, 2003). Ibrahim Afa’s death has become a matter of controversy (Pool, 2001). There is also some people believe that the military training centre at Sawa which is called \"Medeber Tailim Ibrahim Afa\" ( Ibrahim Afa Military Training Centre) is in fact a cover up for the mysterious circumstances of Ibrahim Afa’s death." } ] }, { "id": "b-a743a754c08db5c1225aba14", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/51/1/0/1/5/0", "start": 9556, "end": 9894 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On this Martyrs’ day, it is appropriate to question the mysterious death of Ibrahim Afa which was announced in 1987 at the Second EPLF Congress. The aim of this essay is to bring together relevant information with a couple of illustrations which can help to shed light on this tragic event. In the end, the judgement about the causes of " }, { "text": " ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "Ibrahim Afa's death will be left to the public. The author ask for all members of the former EPLF who are currently in exile to carry out similar investigations about other members of the EPLF who were killed in suspicious circumstances during the liberation struggle. This will add to our knowledge of our history." } ] }, { "id": "b-2eb2c0957630d4c341b5d96d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/51/1/0/1/9/0", "start": 10273, "end": 10300 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Background", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-de0240d5cd13d34b1e4969f4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/51/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 10316, "end": 10529 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In 1967 Ibrahim Afa joined the revolution from Massaw where he was a cadet in the Ethiopian navy. During the armed struggle Ibrahim and other fighters went to Cuba in 1968 only a year after Guevara's death." } ] }, { "id": "b-f16c123973afde0cac4b5727", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/51/1/0/1/13/0", "start": 10545, "end": 10669 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/ebb584e3e9b959eeb698ea890f77abbb709423187207ba603dc85fc1a629ee30.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-e3ebe5a945514463f074a840", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/51/1/0/1/13/1", "start": 10670, "end": 10674 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In Cuba 1968 From left to right standing Mrt. Mohamed Said Sanghor, Mrt. Mohamed Idres Tulul, Abdulhafiz Saadaldin ... Siting Idres Adam, Mohamed Qerbash, Mrt." }, { "text": " Ibrahim Affa", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ", Romadan Osman Awliyay[sourcePhotos from Ibrahim Abdalla's post in ERI.PHOTOS" } ] }, { "id": "b-5aaf0960c669a4baac48c1d9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/51/1/0/1/14", "start": 10975, "end": 11251 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ibrahim Afa was one of the founders of the EPLF and one of the distinguished military leaders who led the Eritrean People's Liberation Army to victory at the strategically important town of Kern in 1977 [3]. It had echoes of General Giap’s victory at Dien Bien Phu." } ] }, { "id": "b-b04ab9b1561cb4e44259b951", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/51/1/0/1/16", "start": 11259, "end": 11684 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ibrahim Afa's leadership in guiding and directing the operation in the battlefield is not only limited to the above mentioned but has been well document for the period between 1976-1985: the Raza project (4) , the EPLF offensive against the Ethiopian forces in 1977-1978. the strategic retreat; the defence (1978-1983) and seizure the town of Tessenei and the destruction of the big military garrison of " }, { "text": "Wuka Ez", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " ( the northern regional army) at Northeast Coastal Plain in 1984. All these military operations were achieved through the leadership of Ibrahim Afa." } ] }, { "id": "b-b82a156b70cdc8d5398339e4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/51/1/0/1/21/0", "start": 11868, "end": 11901 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Agamet Incident", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-afb4fe2a71d65afb357cfd4a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/51/1/0/1/23/0", "start": 11915, "end": 12015 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ibrahim Afa was stationed at Arag(see map6 b ) from 1979 until his death near the Agamet mountain." } ] }, { "id": "b-036e564cec396411a256ac41", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/51/1/0/1/25/0", "start": 12029, "end": 12316 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Agamet is a militarily strategic mountain in the Northeast of Sahel, after the destruction of Wuka Ez ( the Northern regional army) on the Northeast coastal plain which was under the EPLF control until the summer of 1985. Some people have claimed that Ibrahim Afa was inactive (" }, { "text": "Deskilu )", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " between the time EPLF fighters took the town of Barentu in Barka in the summer of 1985 and its recapture by Ethiopian forces. Baruntu was recaptured by the Ethiopian force on August 24, 1985 after additional 30, 000 Ethiopia troops were redeployed from the Ogaden to Eritrea and 13 counter-offensives were launched. At the 13" }, { "text": "th", "marks": [ "sup" ] }, { "text": " attempt the town was recaptured and the Ethiopian army cut-off the EPLF's Western territorial flank and led to the scattering of the forces. As a result of this military defeat the EPLF fighters were withdrawn from the Western front and had a long journey back to the Nacfa front through Sudan.(See map6) It was one of the worst defeats in the history of the EPLF." } ] }, { "id": "b-adcf66c0fabe090ad16f3096", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/53/1/0/1/0/0", "start": 13149, "end": 13265 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/6697b7672c5149d533d3baaa6f59df9c3ce5e57495f1d506e0ae9bcdfa3efd52.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-50097c5fe26416edf459984c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/53/1/0/1/0/1", "start": 13266, "end": 13340 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "re A few days before the withdrawn from the Western front, there was a " }, { "text": "ketit", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " (mobilisation of the reserve army) to reinforce the Nakfa front and to build a temporary fortification on the Northern hills until additional forces arrived.." } ] }, { "id": "b-929e5e494311f1739e0d85bf", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/53/1/0/1/2/0", "start": 13533, "end": 13934 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Some people say that a day before Ibrahim's death he was asked by Haile Duru who also resided in the same area [Masker Wina see fig 1.) as Ibrahim to go to Anberber [ the residence of the EPLF secretary general and deputy secretary ] perhaps for a Politburo Standing Committee (5) meeting. Others claim that Ibrahim was told to climb up the strategic mountain of Agamet which he did." } ] }, { "id": "b-aa62cfa2556734e437260d8b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/53/1/0/1/4/0", "start": 13949, "end": 14078 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He went to Agamet probably after 6 pm because I met him while drinking a coffee under the shade of a tree at Enda Jemhier " }, { "text": "( C).", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " around 4 pm. This was . on my way from " }, { "text": "(B)", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "Kefli Politic Menikikha", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " to " }, { "text": "(D)", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "Kefli Tailim", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " military training centre where Ibrahim had his permanent camp. The distance between B and A was a 30 minute walk." } ] }, { "id": "b-1badf5bb8e4ccd66d46f33cb", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/55/0", "start": 14377, "end": 14504 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/2b836d91c65137ff19a87562be3545f6a6fa3976bbb37a6ac2525a35508fb331.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "( Fig 1 )", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "." } ] }, { "id": "b-bc3660ea02583292bae1ec02", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/59/0", "start": 14538, "end": 14547 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Key", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-619315e005d0ea483e8e4f05", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/61/0", "start": 14556, "end": 14684 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "A= Kefli Tailim\n B Masker Wena ( Wena Camp both Kefli Politica Menikikha N Bahili were located in this camp)", "marks": [ "em" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-46e0a1a616a30ad641df2b2d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/62", "start": 14689, "end": 14736 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "C= Enda Jemhier.(Local Public Administration )\n D= Wina Technical school\n E= Agamet Mountain" } ] }, { "id": "b-a9d5ba8fb777923a0d9b85c5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/69/0", "start": 14801, "end": 14825 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "On my way back from " }, { "text": " Kefli Tailim (", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "D)", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] }, { "text": " to", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " Masker Wena " }, { "text": "(B)", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " around 7 pm. Ibrahim was not where I had seen him before. From 7 pm throughout the night it was quiet until the early morning on the next day. I still remember that around 4 am there was unexpectedly the roar of a guns " }, { "text": "(mejemu)", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " which lasted for 10 minutes. It was very difficult to identify where was exactly the sound came from and to respond since it happened suddenly and while we slept. Most member of this camp (" }, { "text": "Masker Wena see ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "fig 1 B)", "marks": [ "em", "strong" ] }, { "text": " ", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " went to Nacfa front as mentioned because there was a ketet.. The only people who remained behind in the Masker Wena (See Fig 1 ) camp were children under 5 ( Abdella Adem's daughters were among those children) with their mothers, a few disabled with other members of supporting staff. Because of this there was no attempt to give help from this camp when the guns were heard. According to reliable sources when the guns were heard at 4 am a few fighters from the Wina technical school " }, { "text": "(see fig 1 A )", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " which is not far from the incident climbed up Agamet to seek help but for unknown reasons were ordered to return after the head of this technical school, Tekeste Gurgia, received an order. There was intermittent gunfire until around 11 am. . Contradicting orders some member of " }, { "text": "Kifle Taelim", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": ") went to Agamet for help as they were in fortification somewhere near this area. (" }, { "text": "see fig.1 D)", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-fecc80ad23a50bfd0b804e01", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/71/0", "start": 16326, "end": 16353 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Masker Wena", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-a0c5ec7c01c1e121e9dfebab", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/73/0", "start": 16362, "end": 16488 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/6165dd17222c62c5f668d43a985b0733c2899507553c1b006cd9ff84d2793d64.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "(Fig 2 )", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-bdc7675c895182be9909b80a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/79/1/0/1/0/0", "start": 16562, "end": 16638 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Late in the afternoon we were told that the shooting was at Agamet mountain " }, { "text": "( see fig 1 ).", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " .It was said to have been caused by a handful of Ethiopian intelligence units infiltrating the Agamet mountain after losing their directions . However, all of them were said to have been killed by the members of the " }, { "text": "Kifle Taelim", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " Military Training Centre. Following this . after a few days, all mothers with their children and disabled members of Masker Wena camp were evacuated to Arareb for their safety." } ] }, { "id": "b-3938a1c12c780ff411da2ed7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/79/1/0/1/2/0", "start": 17103, "end": 17197 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "There is another version of the Agamet incident which was told to the front line combatants (" }, { "text": "Heletat)", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " who heard the shooting but had no idea where it was from. They were told that a handful of Ethiopian intelligence unit forces went to Agamet mountain but all of them were killed by front line combatants " }, { "text": "( Heletat)", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " and they get back all materials, including the PRC radio transmitter which was seized by the enemy." } ] }, { "id": "b-0d1324bceb353c01f5b7652c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/79/1/0/1/4/0", "start": 17561, "end": 17941 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The final version of this story which was told to the rest of the EPLF and the public was that Ibrahim was killed in action. The paper which was written in Germany Eine Volksarmee besonderer Art – der Militärkomplex in Eritrea [ A people's army of a special kind: the military complex in Eritrea] by Howard Hughes described the death of Ibrahim Afa on the following words:" } ] }, { "id": "b-5d6bfa4092664c547aea47bd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/79/1/0/1/6/0", "start": 17954, "end": 18237 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\"…After the set up of regulatory military unions not only did commanders in lower positions repeatedly die, but also high ranked leaders of brigades and divisions, and this is how even Ibrahim Afa the head of the EPLmilitary committee died in a trap set by Ethiopias.\" ( Hughes, H )" } ] }, { "id": "b-32cdd0d1c2a5b5761c1a295b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/79/1/0/1/8/0", "start": 18250, "end": 18439 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The mysterious death of Ibrahim Afa was finally announced officially at the Second Congress, in 1987, alleging that he had been killed in the Bahir Negash, ( ) or the Red Sea see fig. 3" }, { "text": " shows", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " the place where he was killed ( Arrow " }, { "text": "A", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": ") and buried (Arrow " }, { "text": "B )", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-9a6c65028f1245524753baed", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/79/1/0/1/10/0/0", "start": 18547, "end": 18674 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/cc4d76e1c173d6ed765809e3c0d52b0b3f90b187cf580e2ca8033a249f4be0ac.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-d975c832423e7a91114d15b0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/1/0", "start": 18750, "end": 18756 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Fig 3 )\n " }, { "text": "Following the announcement of Ibrahim Afa’s death in 1987 Bereket Habte Selassie wrote a ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "poem", "href": "/documents/ed47494624a3b42b23e20d58/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " which was dedicated to Ibrahim widow, Nura Mohamed and their daughter, Sera Ibrahim", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-e228456438196f65dc722011", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/3/0", "start": 19092, "end": 19119 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Supporting Evidences", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-c66902905c3ebe8f05be4d5c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/5/0/0", "start": 19140, "end": 19304 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ERITREAN IBRAHIM AFA video Pt 1", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MT7vku4AOLI&feature=related" } ] }, { "id": "b-4489760e5d4bc0ef36705524", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/5/0/3", "start": 19321, "end": 19448 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/23eebeac4ee1478b31ab4e4c39dde3a01d27ea114c5ad858443eb908429e702e.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-e738b10bcd23abe35b841fdc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/5/0/4", "start": 19449, "end": 19713 }, "anchors": [ "source-eow-title2" ], "dir": "rtl", "content": [ { "text": "ERITREAN IBRAHIM AFA videoP2", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8jr6ieaFqg&feature=related" } ] }, { "id": "b-098e339e518451eec25e881d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/7/0", "start": 19735, "end": 20175 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Information presented in this section will assist a comprehensive investigation on the circumstance of the death of Ibrahim and breaks down into the following : 1) Questions should be raised on the mysterious death of Ibrahim Afa which looks at the probability of the incident which caused his death; 2) . What people said about Ibrahim Afa and his mysterious death . 3) EPLF political developments after his death." } ] }, { "id": "b-1c84193602e4293134ea1314", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/9/0", "start": 20190, "end": 20283 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "A Question raised by the Agament incident :Interview With Veteran Fighter Yemane T/Gergish " }, { "text": "[Pt.7", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=za8bViSVq4I&feature=player_embedded" }, { "text": " " }, { "text": "[1987 2nd congress", "href": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=za8bViSVq4I&feature=player_embedded" }, { "text": "]" } ] }, { "id": "b-790685056029866b07f7cb8b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/11/0", "start": 20693, "end": 20828 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "1. One witness who escaped from this incident and currently is in exile told friends \" before we slept a guard was assigned who had a " }, { "text": "dralety", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " (password) \". According to military custom anyone who came to this place and failed to tell the right " }, { "text": "drarlet", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " (password) the guard should open fire to alert his colleagues Despite this according to him the guard was killed silently and then Ibrahim and others were killed while they slept. After the witness escaped from the incident he was interrogated for a week by the members of his unit " }, { "text": "Kefli Tailim", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " to find out whether he knew about the situation or not, but he thought that (" }, { "text": "TOURSRAWIT)", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " the Ethiopian army had killed Ibrahim and his other comrades although he did not see any Ethiopian army force (" }, { "text": "TOURSRAWIT).", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " They let him free" } ] }, { "id": "b-11457f3eef30ea854b90584c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/13/0", "start": 21549, "end": 21934 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "2. The other question to arise is: how could Ibrahim Afa be killed around 4 am by the handful of Ethiopia intelligence unit forces? How could the handful of Ethiopia intelligence unit forces who had not been there before identify the place exactly and kill him instantly as he went to Agamet mountain 10 hours before the incident. Additionally looking at fig 1, 2 and 3 " }, { "text": ",", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " one would think it hard for a handful of Ethiopian intelligence unit forces to get to Agamet mountain at 4 am." } ] }, { "id": "b-7968fb77fe2fc082d26ff8f4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/15/0", "start": 22074, "end": 22255 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "3. If it was true that a handful of Ethiopian intelligence unit forces got to Agamet mountain at 4 am, the question could be raised why members of the Wina technical school " }, { "text": "(see fig 1 A )", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " after climbing up Agamet for help were ordered to return when they were already half way up yet others members of " }, { "text": "Kifle Taelim", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": ") " }, { "text": "see fig.1 D)", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " were allowed to climb up?" } ] }, { "id": "b-8d95220a8dd505f9a9fbfd99", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/17/0", "start": 22481, "end": 22481 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "." } ] }, { "id": "b-2e47038b0e3c988b12fbfd9c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/19/0", "start": 22496, "end": 22794 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "4. Why did the Ethiopian army force not claim that the Ethiopian army had killed Ibrahim Afa or celebrate his death as a great victory if Ibrahim was killed in trap set by Ethiopian army force In fact the Ethiopian media claimed that Ibrahim had been killed by his own people, the EPLF." } ] }, { "id": "b-6a22ad4cd26d202cb9d3f66b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/21/0", "start": 22809, "end": 23008 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "5. Why did the EPLF leaders keep secret the death of Ibrahim Afa for two years after his death. It was unusual for EPLF members to keep secret the death of someone popular and famous like Ibrahim." } ] }, { "id": "b-d9284db80d832027eaa01ff1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/23/0", "start": 23023, "end": 23487 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "I did not know what happened to Ibrahim until I learned of his death in 1987. Although I used to ask about him, the answer was that he was aboard. The death of other members of the Central Committee was also announced officially at the Second Congress , for example the death of Habte Tecle who \"committed suicide\" in 1980. However I heard in 1984 informally that he committed suicide. The last time that I had seen him was sometime in the early 1980s." } ] }, { "id": "b-79cf19a83b6fd98d5e3de979", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/25/0", "start": 23502, "end": 23693 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Similarly most members of EPLF heard informally about the death of the following: Weldenkel Haile (Wedi-Haile), Isias Tewelde ( Wedi-Flansa) Fisehye Woldegebrel , Mohmad Ali Kelai etc.." } ] }, { "id": "b-1f38cf480c386dad108802ba", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/27/0", "start": 23708, "end": 24078 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The question could be raised here why the EPLF leaders prefer to keep the death of Ibrahim strictly secret for two year just as they kept strictly secret the existence of the secret party (EPRP) for decades until it was revealed in 1994 at the Third EPLF Congress. David Pool has also highlighted in his book how controversial and suspicious this affair is." } ] }, { "id": "b-ddb7aa26051bc593d569ebcb", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/31/0", "start": 24108, "end": 24179 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "B. What people said about Ibrahim Afa and his mysterious death", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-d1b62d7a59d3f82358ed2494", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/33/0", "start": 24194, "end": 24466 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Abedella Adem in an interview with the Awate team on 16 May 2004 explained that Ibrahim was not satisfied with the leadership and the work assignments. Regarding this matter David Pool (2001) described the relation between Issayas and Ibrahim as a power struggle." } ] }, { "id": "b-6125ff69fe43b95a03a5761d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/35/0", "start": 24481, "end": 25107 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "According to him the other explanation for their relationship includes an organisational difference over the role of the military committee. To explain this further, Ibrahim was Secretary of the Military Committee in the Politburo Standing Committee) and he had more experience of military strategy within the Politburo Standing Committee than the rest. Despite this fact, there might be some problem between Ibrahim and Issayas which was highlighted by . Howard. According to Howard, the military activities of the EPLF after 1977 were still determined by the inner circle around Issayas Afeworki." } ] }, { "id": "b-e8fcd8b6ad2f374b9598f154", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/39/0", "start": 25137, "end": 25355 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Because of this there could have been disagreements over military strategy between Issayas Afeworki and Ibrahim Afa , and this might have been the reason for the rumour of Ibrahim Afa being inactive (deskilu)." } ] }, { "id": "b-47630e3a166f207fde1af703", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/41/0", "start": 25370, "end": 25799 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Further evidence of the power struggle between Issays and Ibrahim was also provided from Tecle Aden. Tecle Aden in an interview given in Addis Ababa on December 23, 1980, described the EPLF Politburo as containing two cliques. The one group led by Issayas included Sebhat Efrem, Haile Woldensie and Petros Solomon and the other group, led by Ibrhim Afa, included people like Mesfin Hagos and Ali Said Abdella. (Andu, )" } ] }, { "id": "b-27b315a40c7fdc5e0814fc76", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/43/0", "start": 25814, "end": 25980 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The other factor for Ibrahim’s dissatisfaction that Abedella mentioned in his interview might be related to the question of unity between the EPLF and the ELF.." } ] }, { "id": "b-046412ad9db87e07061bd551", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/45/0", "start": 26010, "end": 26723 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ibrahim had been also one of the members of the Joint Supreme Political Leadership ( JSPL) [8]. In March 1979, the fifth meeting of the JSPL charted out a common military strategy for the Eritrean revolution and decided that the Northern Sahel would be a common base area for both fronts. In the meantime ELF units had joined the EPLF's forces in Northern Sahel ( Kidane, 1996) In 1980 the ELF was defeated and ceased to have any fighting forces within Eritrea. Based on information gathered from ex-fighters, the author learned that Ibrahim had not been happy with what happened to the ELF in 1980. This could have been one of the causes for the rift between Issayas and Ibrahim ." } ] }, { "id": "b-9032ae6a80fc341be7ad901a", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/47/0", "start": 26738, "end": 26862 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/f2e87567b4880ed058ce838d8803ee2c760afef8f5ab0c95835774996f991195.jpg", "alt": "", "caption": [ { "text": "The Central Committee in session in 1984.(Adluis 1984)" } ] }, { "id": "b-621128b603ce19e347dedea8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/81/1/0/1/49/0", "start": 26946, "end": 27346 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Addionally, Ibrahim Afa knew very well that Isseyas had an ambition for power and he used to call him \" selfish\"( Micheal (abu_selaa) on 2/10/02), or \"susuE\" referring to Isaias' insatiable greed for absolute power. [O.E tebreh, 2001). Micheal (abu_selaa) raised the following question : Does Afa's mysterious death have anything to do with the unity of the EPLF and ELF organizations?" } ] }, { "id": "b-d54eddc6470d9efa234f8bae", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/83/1/1/0/1/0/1/0", "start": 27445, "end": 27506 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The EPLF political development after Ibrahim Afa death", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-25938549bb2a04ddaf8385e9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/0/0", "start": 27599, "end": 28120 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Between 1977 and 1987 Issayas Afeworki was deputy secretary and he made a long journey before succeding Rohomad. It was not easy for Issayas Afeworki. Two members of the Politburo Standing Committee Ibrahim and Duru, were more influential among the members of the EPLF in those days than he. Besides .. both of them were members of the preparatory committee for the Second Congress in 1985 and were also members of the preparatory committee in 1976 for the founding organisational congress." } ] }, { "id": "b-cc5e762286ee7f468565d8b4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/4/0", "start": 28143, "end": 28745 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "David Pool raises the issue of the role of the military committee, of which Ibrahim was the head and which Issayas wanted to abolish in 1987. For Issayas it would have been difficult to abolish the military committee which was chaired by Ibrahim while the latter was on the preparatory committee. According to Hugh the death of Ibrahim Afa in 1985 led finally to the practical insignificance of the military committee and of the overall committee. Thereafter the role of the military committee was abolished in 1987 in favour of the General Staff under the Secretary. General" } ] }, { "id": "b-6b067f3b7d81c23eb154fa61", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/6/0", "start": 28760, "end": 29091 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "This did not work out as expected by Issays ( during the destruction of Nado Ez in 1988 and Fenekle operation early 1990s) because of Mesfin Hagos who was the leader of the Nakfa front during the liberation of Afabet and had more battle experience than Issayas and Sebhat Efrim, the head of the General Staff" } ] }, { "id": "b-7a97eb4da09c15865bd60dfc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/8/0", "start": 29106, "end": 29593 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The other political development which appeared after the death of Ibrahim Afa was the deterioration in the relationship between Issayas and Hail Duru. . Haile .Duru was for long a close friend of Issayas. He had been a useful tool to hand the succession to Issayas at the first organisational congress in 1977 by conducting a campaign at Cader School [9] against Menka , Bistya , Durfo Cader School led by Adhanome and , Yemien from 1975.A good example for this is the 5" }, { "text": "th", "marks": [ "sup" ] }, { "text": " Round of the Cadre Course which was run in 1976 Even though he did a good job for him he became the target of Issayas following the death of Ibrahim in 1985. Duru had worked hard, in 1986, in preparing seminar papers on the three privileges ( drinking, womanizing, and using their positions to secure material advantages)." } ] }, { "id": "b-75b46950b2c24c4ba6c6d32b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/10/0", "start": 29969, "end": 30326 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "The seminar on the above topic was given by Issayas mostly from the discussion floor in order to make a good impression on the fighters there . He had launched a similar hypocritical campaign against high ranked leaders of brigades such as Filipose and Omer Tewel. Basil Davidson also described Issayas for his simplicity in the following words:" } ] }, { "id": "b-e759afcdb90855911bf88949", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/12/0", "start": 30341, "end": 30504 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "\" I found him in his \" base\" canyon, equipped with good communications but otherwise living the same spare life as everyone else in these mountain\" (Davidson, 1988)" } ] }, { "id": "b-b3640a8bb2eb162a37edc13d", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/14/0", "start": 30519, "end": 30668 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": ",Issayas Afeworki, used both seminars and his simple lifestyle as ways to further his popularity. He was elected General Secretary in 1987." } ] }, { "id": "b-5d5e68a38509973813ddae8b", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/16/0", "start": 30683, "end": 30986 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Dan Conell (2003)describes this in the following words: As part of a shake- up, Isaias took formal control of the EPLF at its Second Congress in 1987, replacing Romedan Mohamed Nur as the front's secretary general (Issayaas forced Romedan to retire from the leadership altogether in the early 1990s)" } ] }, { "id": "b-1d6c9935474ec34d9f0efae0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/18/0", "start": 31001, "end": 31461 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In the 1988 Issayas other target was Peteros Solom who was a young, bright and moderate among the Politburea members. He was more popular and respected by the EPLF members among the front line fighters until the dissolution of the Intelligence unit which was head by him from 1977to1994. Issayas concluded his power struggle in 2001 by accusing his former close friends of being \"traitors\" and, on 18th September 2001, arresting them." } ] }, { "id": "b-b2bbf18c7affa3192e528757", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/20/0", "start": 31476, "end": 31615 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "To conclude , Tesfamariam Assefaw in his narration in 2000 still remembers what Issays said 36 years ago: \" Struggle is honey covering " }, { "text": "Ire\"", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": " (sour). (Kidane, Aida 2004)" } ] }, { "id": "b-d666a629810813bcf6e6791c", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/22/0", "start": 31670, "end": 31932 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "He did not understand at that time, but one could interpret this to mean the intrigue and conspiracy that followed Issayas' application of the lessons learnt in Great Proletrain Cultral Revolution in China[15] and accomplished through 35 years . " }, { "text": "Some of his victims during those years ", "href": "/documents/fd64487528994439bbbf25ed/" }, { "text": "listed by Alem Tesfay 2003" } ] }, { "id": "b-745ea922ac0348c6bc9ae9dd", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/24/0", "start": 32117, "end": 32520 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "In conclusion, the author appeals to all former members of the EPLF who survived the war, especially those who were in the Central Committee between 1977-1987 (Abdella Adem, Haile Menkerios and Mesfin Hagos) and other senior post holders, to tell the public the truth about the EPLF leaderships' crimes against fighters who sacrificed themselves for the liberation of our people from colonial oppression" } ] }, { "id": "b-7db862ecf491f72034769672", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/26/0", "start": 32535, "end": 32670 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "الظروف الغامضة لاستشهاد القائد ابر", "href": "/documents/934e126e253cc4a8689ef0cb/" }, { "text": "اهيم عافة" } ] }, { "id": "b-965f18c2bab177552470fc96", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/28/0", "start": 32694, "end": 32715 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Notes", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-17771b5b5704b4381be56ef1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/30/0", "start": 32848, "end": 33001 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "[1] The death of Abrham Towelde is still secret. Alem Tesfay 2003 explained the cause which led to the death of Abrha Tweldo in the following words:" } ] }, { "id": "b-cbfc0d7c735a111091ace8cf", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/32/0", "start": 33016, "end": 33770 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "After Issays came back from the meeting he held with the members of CIA members to Ala he decided to split from the ELF. Because of this there was an argument with Abrha Twelde who was not in favour of spliting from the ELF. After one month of argument between them Abrham Tweldo die suddenly. Which is still secret for most of us. . After his death, Issayass succeeded to the leadership of the group and .the group then took steps to split from the ELF [Ammar, Woldeysus 2004 Ethiopia . . Also according to Erlich, one of Issayas' main rivals in the rebel movement was found poisoned to death in 1971. ( Eritrea in the Western Media p.97 1988): To pretend from the above accusation Issayas named his first son Abrham" } ] }, { "id": "b-b15d6b10d98629ecd383f0ff", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/34/0", "start": 33785, "end": 34785 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "[2]Weldekel Haile was educated in Syria and was the first Jebha to flee, According the account of Tesfamariam Assefaw Woldenkel, Haile did not like Issayas [ Kidana Aida 2004 ]. During the Menka movement in 1973 Woldenkel Haile who was head of the security department said that the Menka ringleaders prisoners did not commit any crime except breaking military discipline rules. He made clear his stand which was completely different from Issayas . Because of this Issayas was not happy and Woldenkel Haile was sent to the Hailitat (front line sometime in 1974 [Afewerki, Tewdros, 2003).. He was the most distinguished military leader next to Ibrhim Afa and had led the Eritrea People’s Liberation Army to victory at the strategic town of Segeneti in 1977 but was not a member of the central comittee in 1977. He was killed shortly after the victory by an unidentified gunman at Segeneti, his birth place. When this occurred there was a radio message in this code \" " }, { "text": "Itia Abai Lham Ab Mereta Wediqa", "marks": [ "em" ] }, { "text": "\", meaning that the great leader rest on his land\".This is also confirmed from other source " }, { "text": "መደባትና፡ ነቲ ኪንዮ ጸሊም ራዕዲ ዘሎ ደበና፡ ምቕንጣጥ ኢዩ!!! - 4ይ ", "href": "/documents/d01602c8b45a37b1b732eedb/" }, { "text": "ክፋ" }, { "text": " ", "href": "/documents/d01602c8b45a37b1b732eedb/" }, { "text": "in 2008: መሪሕነት ህዝባዊ ግንባር ሓርነት ኤርትራ ነቲ ኣብ ዝተፈላለየ እዋን ኣንጻር ኣተሓሳስባኡን ኣካይዳኡን ዝኸይድ ዝነበረ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሜዳ ይኹን ኣብ ወጻኢ ናይ ባዕሉ ዝኾነ ምስጢራዊ ኣሰራርሓ ብምኽታል ኢዩ ዝጭፍልቖ ነይሩ። እቲ ናይ ሰሜን ኣሜሪካ ምንቅስቓስ ምስ ኩነታት ምዝላቕ ዝተኣሳሰር እኳ እንተዘይኮነ ናይ 79 ምንቅስቓስ ስንኩላን ይኹን ናይ 73 ብስም ምንቅስቓስ “መንካዕ” ናይ 78-79 “የሚን” ካብቶም ዝተዳህኩ ምንቅስቓሳት ኢዮም ነይሮም።" } ] }, { "id": "b-761d3e275f1cc5e8d089766e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/34/0", "start": 33785, "end": 34785 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": " 1. መልእኽቲ ሚስጢር (ኮድ) ኦፕረይትተር ንኩነታት መቕተልቲ ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለ ኣብ ኩናት ምሕራር ሰገነይቲ ንኣብነት፡ “እታ ላም ኣብ ዓደ ኣቦኣ ተሓሪዳ” ኢዩ ዝብል ነይሩ። \n 2. ውሳኔ መቕተልቲ ሰሎሞን ወልደማርያም ብመንገዲ ሙሳ ናይብ\n 3. መቕተልቲ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ኣብ 1985 \n 4. ምርሻን ኣዛዚ ብርጌድ ምክትታል ዶባት ጸጋዘኣብ ዝግታ /ስርናይ/ ኣብ ኣንደርሰን\n 5. ምርሻን ኣዛዚ ቦጦሎኒ ገረዝግሄር /ኤነትረ/ን ናይ ካልኦትን ዝርዝር ናይቲ ፍጻሜታቱን ፈጸምቱን ዕለቱን ኸኣ ብሰፊሑ ምስ ጭብጥታቱ ክንጠቕሶ ክፍትን ኢየ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-15d6d40435ffc72a37d2db43", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/36/0", "start": 35850, "end": 35857 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Source " }, { "text": "መደባትና፡ ነቲ ኪንዮ ጸሊም ራዕዲ ዘሎ ደበና፡ ምቕንጣጥ ኢዩ!!! -", "href": "/documents/d01602c8b45a37b1b732eedb/" } ] }, { "id": "b-1178f55adbf274f1405914d7", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/38/0", "start": 36014, "end": 36054 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Here is also a piece of information from " }, { "text": " Alena pt 7", "href": "/documents/c632c57eaa76e348a9438b7c/" } ] }, { "id": "b-8917757aa58c73db34b9aa90", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/40/0", "start": 36178, "end": 36525 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ካብ ብጊሓቱ ርእሰ ምትእምማን ዘይተዓደለ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ፣ ካብ ዝተሰለፈሉ መዓልቲ ቀሲኑ ሓዲሩ ኣይፈልጥን ኢዩ። ግርጭት ምስ ወዲ ዓፋ ካብ ግዜ ሰብዓታት ኢዩ ጀሚሩዎ። ቅድሚ ውድባዊ ጉባአ ነቲ ኣብ መንጎ ኢብራሂም ዓፋን ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለን ዝነበረ ብጻያዊ ሓድነት ንኽበትኽ ብዙሕ ጻዕሪታት ገበረ። ወዲ ሃይለ ወላ’ኳ ኣዛዚ ቦጦሎኒ 4 እንተነበረ፣ ኣባል ሰልፊ ኣይነበረን። ንኹሉ መዓልታዊ ንጥፈታቱን ዝምድንኡን እናተኸታተለ ጸብጻብ ናብ ኢሳይያስ ዘመሓላልፍ ዝነበረ ወተሃደራዊ ሓለፊ ደቡባዊ ግንባር ዝነበረ ድማ ተጋዳላይ መስፍን ሓጎስ ነበረ። \n ነቲ ገዲምን መስራቲን ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለ ብስም “ደጋፊ መንካዕ ኢዩ” ብዝብል ጠቐነ ካብ ብዙሓት ተጋደልቲ ፈልዩዎ ኢዩ። ወልደንኪኤል ብዛዕባ ጉዳይ መንካዕ ዝነበሮ መርገጺ ንጹር ኢዩ፦\n “…መንካዕ ዘቕረብዎ ሕቶ ቅኑዕ ኢዩ፣ እቲ ናቶም ጌጋ ብወተሃደራዊ ዲሲፕሊን ዘይምእዛዞም ጥራይ ኢዩ። ስለዚ ኣብ ክንዲ ቀይዲን ምርሻንን፣ መረዳእታን ነቐፌታን ጥራይ ምኣኸለ” ዝብል ነበረ። ረ።" } ] }, { "id": "b-cd602ff170cb1fc9f72b21ec", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/42/0", "start": 36804, "end": 36918 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "source Alena pt 7", "href": "/documents/c632c57eaa76e348a9438b7c/" } ] }, { "id": "b-535938bee1d531ac5d2b3132", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/44/0", "start": 36933, "end": 37202 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "[3] The battle of Keren was a decisive victory for the EPLF after its foundation Organisational Congress. The Allied Forces’ seizure of Keren from the Italian took two and half month. Under the leadership of Ibrahim it was accomplished within three and half days." } ] }, { "id": "b-45f7adb4efc2f27747ec0cd0", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/46/0", "start": 37217, "end": 37333 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "[4]Raza project -a peasant march of tens of thousands of Ethiopians was totally smashed at Zalambessa on May 21, 1976" } ] }, { "id": "b-a68a7f63b864027aa4aed593", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/48/0", "start": 37348, "end": 37618 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "[5]. The member of this Politburea Standing Comittee were formed from: Romodan, (General Secretary) Issayas Deputy Secretary) Haile Duru, (Secretary of Political Committee) and Ibrahim Afa (Secretary of Military Committee) Ibrahim and Duru were more popular" } ] }, { "id": "b-d33de918e44fae47133832dc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/50/0", "start": 37633, "end": 38104 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "[6]. After two months Baruntu was recaptured, the Ethiopians immediately opened another offensive under the name of the Negash, or the Red Sea Offensive, on October 10, 1985 the Ethiopian armed forces launched another offensive, whose objective was the capture of Nakfa \"within five days by November, the Ba-haer Negash Offensive had failed. The Ethiopian army stayed in the NE front for a few months, then withdrew from this area and concentrated on the Nakfa front." } ] }, { "id": "b-a16618858f1e76c0aee34d70", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/52/0", "start": 38119, "end": 38557 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "[8] In April 1978, the JSPL and joint committees on military, economic and social affairs, information and foreign relation were set up. A year later, in March 1979, the fifth meetings of the JSPL charted out a common military strategy for the Eritrean revolution. It decided that northern Sahel would be the common base area of both fronts and announced that the integration of the EPLF and ELF armies would begin on May 15, 1979." } ] }, { "id": "b-9e34387ad2b5fe7db4770efe", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/54", "start": 38569, "end": 38585 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "References" } ] }, { "id": "b-a6a7608aca8f1ed166f41af2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/56/0", "start": 38596, "end": 38663 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Afewerki, Tedros (2004) Mesfin Hagos tzakrotat wdbawi gubae nay 1976\n http://dev.ainfalale.com/Tedros_Afewerki/TA_040313_1.htm" } ] }, { "id": "b-d2eed36cc7958d74f88c6558", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/58/0", "start": 38749, "end": 38812 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Ammar, Woldeyesus (2004) Revisiting the Kagnew Station incident \n http://www.awate.com/artman/publish/article_3123.stml" } ] }, { "id": "b-3d52734794bb8e88a4770989", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/62/0", "start": 38910, "end": 39103 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Andu, Gebrekal ( ) EPLF an inside story ( special issue) Februry., 1981 (full text of the statement of Teclai Ghebre-Mariam (Teclai Aden) http://www.dekebat-eritra.com/News_Octob10.html" } ] }, { "id": "b-8b4897f066ebedd92400c95e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/64/0", "start": 39118, "end": 39203 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Awate Team (2004) Abdella Adem answers Awate readers question. In Documents/Interview\n http://www.awate.come/artman/publish/article_3312.shtml" } ] }, { "id": "b-4213e6a16fb7d3606691ce16", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/66/0", "start": 39287, "end": 39363 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Connell, Dan (2003) Enough! A CRITIQUE OF Eritrea's Post-Liberation Politics\n http://zete.delina.org/zete/37.asp?quSri=37" } ] }, { "id": "b-085b28d31af9c2bdcccd6141", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/68/0", "start": 39435, "end": 39580 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Davidson, Basil (1988) Basil Davidson reports from Eritrea on a chance of peace in the face of war and famine.In Eritrea in the Western Media p71" } ] }, { "id": "b-5c5bdcf9a6c8bda847c5853e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/70/0", "start": 39595, "end": 39677 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Dawit, Daniel ( 2003) The best of 2003 & A Lesson For Dictator Iseyas Afeworki \n http://dekebat-eritra.com/Ydear2004.html" } ] }, { "id": "b-d49f0c34e9d73b971a68b784", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/72/0", "start": 39746, "end": 39768 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Habte Selassie,Bereket\n http://news.asmarino.com/Comments/Jan2003/BereketHabteSelassie_11.asp" } ] }, { "id": "b-89e66519eeb14266e1014fa4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/76/0", "start": 39882, "end": 39964 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Hughes, Howard (n.d) Eine Volksarmee besonderer Art – der Militärkomplex in Eritrea\n Or A people's army of special kind-the military complex in Eritrea \n www.acia.sun.ac.za/projects/" }, { "text": "afa", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "/afjt.htm" } ] }, { "id": "b-0bafb9333c01cef95ef5f291", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/78/0", "start": 40122, "end": 40178 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Kidane, Aida (2004) Memories of a fighter 1969-70 Part 1:\n Narration of Tesfamariam Assefae ca 50 years old Told to Aida Kida in Gottsunda Uppsala Sweden at his home 4 September 2000 ca 20:00 at his balcony\n http://eri24.com/Article_373.htm" } ] }, { "id": "b-7ba818cc375bb82cb0501056", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/80/0", "start": 40401, "end": 40506 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Kidane, Resoum et.al (1996) The patterns and Socioeconomic and environmetal impacts of conflict in Eritrea\n Occasional Papers series on Environment & Development in an age of transition" } ] }, { "id": "b-819c55a6d1298b70352f5218", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/82/0", "start": 40616, "end": 40678 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Michael (abu_selaa) (2002) Bingo! The Terror via Blackmailing.\n >http://www.eritrea1.org/home/articles/021102mas.htm" } ] }, { "id": "b-7e86593f9abb7d0b85d7ffd5", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/84/0", "start": 40756, "end": 40764 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Tberh O.E" }, { "text": " (2001)PFDJ And Isaias- Hard Wired To Be Evil\n http://www.eritrea1.org/home/articles/091101to.htm", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-d4936399b1ec794b4ab6a1c3", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/86/0", "start": 40896, "end": 41147 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Washington Post (1987): Liberated Eritrea lives by comouflage . The Washington Post Thursday, December 31, 1987 : In Eritrea in the Western Media , January-June 1988. Compiled by concerned Americans and Eritreans of the San Francisco Bay Area.", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-52db4c9ecbeb1889371cfad6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/90/0", "start": 41184, "end": 41501 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Latest information/evidence from Alena on the mysterious death of Ibrahim Afa", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": " [", "href": "/documents/2fbbff03d5ba445a4125d31c/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "[pt 6 ተጋዳላይ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ", "href": "/documents/59d69a40822d1e4abc2a3435/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "]", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-d727418eb1024cc378c1436a", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/92/0", "start": 41516, "end": 41927 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ቅድሚ ምስውኡ ብዛዕባ ወተሃደራዊ ቅሩብነት ብዝምልከት ምስ ኣባላቱ ኣኼባ ሒዙ ኣብ ዝነበረሉ ግዜ፣ ህድኣት ኣምለሶም (ጓል ኣርባዕተ) ምስቲ ሳጢር ብዝብል ሳጓ ዝጽዋዕ፣ ክልቲኦም ኦፐረተራት ካብቲ ቦታ ኣኼባ ፍንትት ኢሎም መልእኽቲ ካብ ስምኦን ገብረድንግል ይቕበሉ ነይሮም። ብድሮኡ ከኣ ወዲ ዓፋ ምስቲ ብጽርግያ ብድሆ /ዓምበርቦብ-ሓሊበት/ ዘንቆልቆለ ተጋዳላይ መስፍን ሓጎስ ተራኺቡ ነይሩ ኢዩ። መስፍንን ኢብራሂምን ኣብ ዓራግ ብሓደ ንምሕዳር መዲቦም ምስ ተረዳድኡ፣ መስፍን ሓጎስ “…ፊሊጶስ ናይ ግድን ምሳይ ሕደር ስለዝበለኒ፣ ምስኡ ክሓድር እየ” ኢሉ ሽዑ ለይቲ ምስ ፊሊጶስ ወልደዮሃንስ ከም ዝሓደረ ጭብጢ ሰነድ ኣሎ።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-5c80470f0b1e08327988cc25", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/94/0", "start": 41942, "end": 42260 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ፊሊጶስ ወልደዮሃንስ ከኣ ቅድሚ ቅንጸላ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ፍሉይ ድምጺ ዘይብሉ ጠበናጁ /ሳይለንሰር/ ዝዓጠቑ ሓሙሽተ ሰባት ናብ መደበር ክፍሊ ታዕሊም ሓላፊ ጋንታ ዝነበረ ድራር ዝተባህለ ብሕድሪ ንክጸንሑሉ ኣረኪቡዎ ነበሩ ኢዩ። እቲ ሳይለንሰር ጠበናጁ ባዕሉ ኢብራሂም ምስ ምቛም ኣሃዱ ኮማንዶ ናብ ደገ ከይዱ መሪጹ ዘምጽኦ ብረት ኢዩ። ብድሕሪ መርዕኡ ምስ ኑራ መሓመድ ኣብ 1980 ካርቱም፤ ናብ ደገ ምስ ተላእከ ድማ ኣብቲ ኣብ ምስሪ /እስክንድርያ/ ዝነበረሉ ግዜ ኢዩ ነቲ ብረት ኣእትዩዎ።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-f546fe433eefed0436052110", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/96/0", "start": 42275, "end": 42647 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እቶም ሳይለንሰር ዝዓጠቑ ተጋደልቲ፣ ልክዕ ሰዓት ሓሙሽተ ድ.ቀ. ናብ ታባ ዓጋመት ክድይቡ እንከለዉ ዝረኣዮም ናይ ዓይኒ ምስክር /ጽባሕ ንግሆ ብኣካል ዝምስክር/ ኣሎ። ሻቡ ኢብራሂም ነታ ሰዓት ኣርባዕተ ድ.ቀ. ዝጀመራ ቡን ኣስታት ሰዓት ሽዱሽተ ወዳዲኡ፣ ምስ ክልተ ኦፐረተራቱን ሓደ መኻይድቱን ሒዙ ሰዓት ሽዱሽተ ንምዕራባዊ ጎቦ ዓጋመት ተተሓሓዞ። ከምቲ ኣብ ላዕሊ ገሊጸዮ ዘለኹ፣ ኣብ ምቕንጻል ወዲ ዓፋ ኢሳይያስ ንበይኑ ጥራይ ክፍጽሞ ኣይክእልን ኢዩ። ስለዚ ናብታ መዓልቲ እቲኣ ንምብጻሕ ብዙሓት ምስጢራውያን ኣኼባታት ምስ ሓያሎይ ሰባት ይገብር ከም ዝነበረ ፍሉጥ ኢዩ።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-1b7bc0a277b654aba77f0dfc", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/98/0", "start": 42662, "end": 42968 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሽዑ ምሸት ኢብራሂም ገንሸል መስዋእቲ ንምግባር ኩላቶም ተዋሳእቲ ወዛሕዛሕ ዝብልሉ ዝነበሩ ምሸት ኢዩ። መስፍን ሓጎስ ምስ ፊሊጶስ ወልደዮሃንስ ድሕሪ ምሕዳሩ ናብ ዓራግ ላዕላይ፣ ፊሊጶስን ኢዮብ ሓሊባይን ናብ ታባ ደብረ-እበን፤ ኣላዪ መድረኽ እቲ ዓቢ ስርሒት ኢሳይያስ ከኣ ንኦፐረተሩ “ርክብኪ ምስ ወዲ ዓፋ ኣብ ሰሰዓት ኢዩ። ንዕኡ ምስ ረኸብኪ ከኣ ብቐጥታ ናባይ መልእኽቲ ስደዲ” ዝብል መምርሒ ስራሕ ድሕሪ ምሃቡ፤ ምስ ጊላይ መራሕ መኪንኡ ጉዕዞ ናብ ፖርት-ሱዳን።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-4d5387c061aed3b97ab930b2", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/100/0", "start": 42983, "end": 43188 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ክፋል ጽሑፈይ ኢሳይያስ ካብ ካርቱም ናብ ዋና ጸሓፊ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ዝነበረ ሮሞዳን መሓመድ ኑር ናብ ደማስቆ /ሶርያ/ ዝሰደዶ መርድእ ወዲ ዓፋን፣ ህሉው ምክፍፋል ጀነራላት ህግደፍን ከቕርብ ምዃነይ ተዛሪበ ነይረ፣ ግን እቲ ታሪኽ መመሊሱ ይነውሕ ስለዘሎ፣ ኣብ ሓደ ክፋል ክጠቓለል ዝከኣል ኣይኮነን።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-708b0e1fabfbe65749e74c75", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/102/0", "start": 43203, "end": 43598 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ ዝመጽእ ክፋል ቅንጸላ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ፣ ዝምድንኡ ምስ ኢሳይያስ ካብ ግዜ ሰብዓታት፣ ብፍላይ ከኣ ኣብ ዞባ ደቡብ ቦጦሎኒታት 4 ን 5 ን /ኣሃዱታት ናይ ወዲ ዓፋን ናይ ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለን/ ዓበይቲ ዓወታት ይገብራሉ ኣብ ዝነበራ ግዜ፤ ኢብራሂም ምስቲ ኣብቲ እዋን’ቲ ኣዛዚ ናይቲ ግንባር ዝነበረ ተጋዳላይ መስፍን ሓጎስ፤ ዝነበረ ስሉሳዊ ዝምድናታቶምን ርክቦም ምስ ኢሳይያስ እንታይ ይመስል ከም ዝነበረን፤ ከምኡ’ውን ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ኣብ ጉዳይ ስምረት፣ ኣብ ጉዳይ ምዝላቕን ጉዳይ ዝርርብ ሰላም ምብራቕ ጀርመንን ምስ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ ዝነበሮ ናይ ኣረኣእያ ፍልልያትን ዝቕልቀሉ ዝነበሩ ሰበባትን ክንርኢ ኢና።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-6980ac65dca51d505a198329", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/104/0", "start": 43613, "end": 43880 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Source", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "ትልሚ፣ ንዘርኢ ክርዳድ : 6 ይ ክፋል - ብ ኣለ", "href": "/documents/59d69a40822d1e4abc2a3435/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "ና [http://assenna.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3123:-6-&catid=46:discussion&Itemid=100584]", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-e11be5f5ffa45f07e18d7a47", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/106/0", "start": 43895, "end": 43895 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Latest information/evidence from Alena on the mysterious death of Ibrahim Afa [ part 5]", "href": "/documents/2fbbff03d5ba445a4125d31c/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-13145a53633a414d97645215", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/108/0", "start": 44116, "end": 44461 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ ጋዜጣ ‘ሓዳስ ኤርትራ’ ጥሪ 15 1994 ዓምዲ ‘መስዋእቲ ዋጋ ሓርነት፤’ በቲ ብናይ ብርዒ ስም ‘ጽገሬዳ’ ዝብል ዝጽሕፍ ዝነበረ ዓሊ ዓብዱ ዝተጻሕፈት፣ ብኢሳይያስ ድማ ምኩሕሓል ዝተገብረላን ጽሕፍቲ፤ እዚ ኣብ ላዕሊ ዘሎ ናይ ኣምሰሉ ቁንጫል ሕጥቦ-ጽሑፍ ተጻሒፉ ነበረ። በዓል ደም ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ግን ናይ ጸላኢ ኣሃዱ ስለያ ዘይኮነስ፣ ባዕሉ እዚ ኮሓሓሊ ናይታ ጽሕፍቲ ዝኾነ ኢሳይያስ ምዃኑ ካብ እንፈልጥ ሓያለይ ዓመታት’ኳ እንተሓለፈ፣ ብሰንኪ ውሕስነት ህይወት ንነዊሕ ዓመታት ተጠኒሱ ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ ሎሚ ንምጽሓፍ በቒዑ።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-4b3c20712e6a817dea8dd561", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/110/0", "start": 44476, "end": 44835 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ንሰባት ከም መለኮት ኣብ ዝኣመንካሉ ግዜ፣ እዚን ከምዚን ዝኣመሰለ ናይ ታሪኽ ሓተላ እናሰተኻ ኢኻ እትነብር። እቲ ዘገርም ኣቀታትላ ወዲ ዓፋ ረቂቕ ብዘይኮነ ስልቲ ተቐቲሉ ክነሱ፣ ካብ ትሒም-ትሒም ሓሊፉ ሃህ ኢሉ ዝተዛረበ ሰብ ዘይምንባሩ ኢዩ። ኣቀማምጣ ግንባር ሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ሳሕል ንዝፈልጥ ከኣ’ሞ እቲ ኢሳይያስ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ንምጥፋእ ዝወሰዶ ኣዕናዊ ስጉምቲ ንምርዳእ ናይ ምምርማር ሀ…ሁ ዘድልዮ ጉዳይ ኣነበረን። ጎቦ ዓጋመት ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ኣብቲ ዝጸንከረ ወራራትን ብዙሕን ሓያልን ዓቕሚ ዝነበረሉን ግዜ ሓሙሻይን ሻድሻይን ወራራት’ኳ ኣይደየቦን።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-aa8d0886c02dfe9663c03a09", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/112/0", "start": 44850, "end": 45095 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣቀማምጥኡ ብወገን ምብራቕ ኣዝዩ ጸዳፍ ዝኾነ ጎቦ ዓጋመት፣ ካብ ጎቦ ደብረ-እበን ንወገን ሰሜን ኣዝዩ ዝረሓቐ ኢዩ። ኣብ እዋን ሓያል ግጥማት እቲ ግንባራት ሓዊ ዝተፍኣሉ ዝነበረ ግዜ፣ ካብ ታባ ዎድጋን ክሳብ ሩባ ሽግለት /ኣልጌን፣ ታብ ወዲ ገብሩ፣ ባዶ እኩብ፣ ማይ ክላሽን፣ ጉዋ፣ ታባ ፍረወይኒ፣ ማሕበርነት፣ ቀጠር፣ ደብረ-እበን/ ጥራይ ኢዩ ዝነበረ እቲ ሓያል ውግኣት።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-fab52de4e2a64c2593817114", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/114/0", "start": 45110, "end": 45402 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እሞ ከኣ ኣብ 1985 ብድሕሪ’ቲ ጀነራል ሑሴን ኣሕመድ ዋና ኣዛዚ ‘ካልኣይ ኣብዮታዊ ሰራዊት’ ዝመርሖ ዝነበረ ዝተደምሰሰ፤ ግንባር ‘ውቃው እዝ’ ስለያ ጸላኢ ክድይቦ ዘይሕሰብ ኢዩ። ግንባር ሰ.ም.ሳሕል ኣብቲ ርሱን ዝነበረሉ ዓመታት፣ እቲ ንተጋደልቲ ተኸኽ ኣቢሉዎም ዝነበረ ስለያ ‘23ኛ ክፍለጦር’ ይኹን ካብ ግንባር ሓል-ሓል ናብቲ ግንባር ተቐይሩ ዝነበረ ኣየር ወለድ ሰራዊት’ውን ናብ ከባቢ ዓጋመት ናይ ምድያብ ፈተነ ገይሮም ኣይፈልጡን ኢዮም።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-d8f9ed5a06e757e81d5765a8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/116/0", "start": 45417, "end": 45607 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ ኣሰራርሓ ውድብ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ብድሕሪ’ቲ ሓያል ተወፋይነት ሰራዊትን ህዝቢን ዓቢ ተራ ዝነበሮ ስለያ /ክፍሊ 72/፤ ኣይሽንኳይዶ ካብ ማህሚመት ናብ ዓጋመት /ኣስታት 40-50 ኪ.ሜ./ ዝተበገሰት ጋንታ ስለያ ጸላኢ፣ ሓንቲ ኣሃዱ ካብ ኣስመራ ክትብገስ እንከላ ኢያ ትፍለጥ ዝነበረት።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-3a1823f085238cc0aa507ba1", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/118/0", "start": 45622, "end": 45843 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ ጠለፋ ዝለዓለ ክእለት ዝነበሮ ክፍሊ 72፣ ነቲ ብቕልል ዝበለ ኮዳት ጥራይ ዘይኮነስ፤ ነቶም ብሞርስ ኮዳት /ብኣዝዩ ዝተሓላለኸ ማዕበል/ ዝመሓላለፉ ዝነበሩ መልእኽቲን ብድሕሪ ምድምሳስ ግንባር ናቕፋ ዝተማረኸ ብዝለዓለ ተክኖሎጂ ዝተሰርሐ ኣር.ዲ.ኤፍ. /RDF/ ዝተባህለ ስርሓት ሩስያ ዝኾነ መራኸቢታት’ውን ኣብ ጥቕሙ ኣውዒሉዎ ኢዩ።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-df86eec7f0483fbd18ad25b9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/120/0", "start": 45858, "end": 46148 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ነፈርቲ ኲናት ከም ዝብገሳን፣ ኣበየናይ ከባቢታት ክድብድባ ምዃነንን ይፍለጥ ነይሩ ኢዩ። ደርግ ነቲ ኣብ ግንባር ሓልሓልዝኸፈቶ ወራር ‘ባሕሪ ነጋሽ’ ጸቕጢ ንምግባር ጥራይ ብማህሚመት ዝተቐልቀለ ውሑድ ቁጽሩ ሰራዊት፣ ኣብቲ ብረሾ 12 ጦር-ሰራዊት ንሓደ ተጋዳላይ ዝብጽሖ ዝነበረ እዋን፣ ሓያል ዝነበረሉ ግዜ’ኳ ዘይደየቦ ጎቦ ዓጋመት፤ ደይቡ ንኢብራሂም ዓፋ ቀቲሉዋ ክበሃል፤ እንታይ ዓይነት ስራይ ከም ዝተገብረሉ ንተጋዳላይ እንድዒ!", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-6eb60f43131bfe65dfeb4e2e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/122/0", "start": 46163, "end": 46546 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ደሓር ቀሰይ ኢልካ ኣብ ትትንትነሉ ግዜ፣ “ናይ ጸላኢ ስለያ ኣብ ዓጋመት ደይቡ ንወዲ ዓፋ ቀቲሉዎ። ግን ካብቲ ንስለያ ዝወፈረ ሓይሊ ወላ ሓደ ሰብ’ውን ኣይተመልሰን። ኩላቶም ተቐቲሎም ኢዮም!” ዝብል ጥበብ ከኣ ተማሂዙ። ሽዑ ኣብ ታባ ዓጋመት ምስ ወዲ ዓፋ ዝተቐትለ መብራህቱ ተወልደመድህን ዝተባህለ ተጋዳላይ ነይሩ’ዩ። ሓደ ካብ ኣባላት ክፍሊ ታዕሊም ከኣ ነቲ ዝተገብረ ርኡይ ቅንጸላ ምስ ተዓዘበ፣ ደድሕሪ ወዲ ዓፋን መብራህቱን ጥይት ናብኡ ከም እትቐንዕ ስለዘይሰሓቶ፤ ኣብ ወጋሕታ ከም ኢራብ በሪሩ ምስ ጠፍአ ኣይተረኽበን። ስለዚ ንኢሳይያስን ደቀ-መዛሙርቱን ኣዝዩ ዘሻቕሎም ጉዳይ ኮነ።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-e6fe58fe0d7ba92418b33ffa", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/124/0", "start": 46561, "end": 46851 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "መብራህቱ ኣብ ስርዓት ኢትዮጵያ ሻምበል ዝነበረ፣ ምስ በዓል ሻለቃ ነጋሽ ተስፋጼን /ሎሚ ብሪጋደር ጀነራል/ ዝተሰለፈ፤ ምኩር ወተሃደር ኢዩ ዝነበረ። ሻምበል ኣብ ስርዓት ኢትዮጵያ ዓላሚ ክቡር ዘብዐኛ ዝነበረ፣ ዝለዓለ ወተሃደራዊ ጥበብ ዝነበሮ፣ ኣብ ዓራግ /ሳሕል/ ድማ ነቶም ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ዝመስረቶም ቀዳሞት ኮማንዶ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ዝዓለመ ምኩር ወተሃደር ኢዩ ነይሩ። ሽዑ ምስቶም ናብ ታባ ዓጋመት ዝደየቡ ኣባላት ክፍሊ ታዕሊም፣ ደይቡ ነይሩ።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-63c3f65b0f12ef8737abb79e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/126/0", "start": 46866, "end": 47265 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እቲ መደንጾ ጉዳይ ከኣ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ካብ ጸላኢ ዝሰለቦ ንብረት ከም ብረት፣ ቦምባ፣ ብራሾ ወ.ዘ.ተ…ኣድቂቑ ዝጸባጸብ ውድብ ክነሱ፣ ጫማ ይኹን ቀጠልያ ክዳን ጦር-ሰራዊት ኣይተራእየን። ህዝባዊ ግንባር ኣብ ተመኩሮኡ ንዝሞቱ ወተሃደራት ጸላኢ ቀቢሩ ኣይፈልጥን ኢዩ። ኣብ ዝባን ዓጋመት ሰባት ምስ ደየቡ ግን ወላ ሓደ ናይ ጸላኢ ሬሳ ወይ ደም ዝተጸየቐት እምኒ ኣይረኣዩን። እቲ ፊልም ኣዝዩ ነዊሕ ኢዩ። ኣባላት ክፍሊ ታዕሊም በዓል ወዲ በላይን ፣ ኣብ ቤት ትምህርቲ ዊና ተክኒካዊ ትምህርቲ ዝመሃሩ ዝነበሩ ተጋደልቲን፣ ወጋሕታ ሰዓት ኣርባዕተ ኣብ ጥርዚ ዓጋመት ኣድራጋ ጠያይት ምስ ተተኮሰ፤ ንረዳት ደይቦም ኢዮም።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-1b2f52e100adb3911156fc1e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/128/0", "start": 47280, "end": 47686 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ግን ካብቲ ጥቓ ቦታ ፍጻሜ “ተመለሱ” ተባሂሎም ከም ዝተመልሱ ህሉዋት ሰባት ዝገልጽዎ ሓቂ ኢዩ። ሓደ ኣብቲ ከባቢ ካብ ዝነበሩ ተጋደልቲ ጉርጃ ዝተባህለ፣ መምህር ተመሃሮ ዊና፤ ብዙሕ ምትእስሳራት ተዓዚቡ ነይሩ ኢዩ። ጉርጃ ዓው ኢሉ ዝዛረብ ግሩህ ተጋዳላይ ምንባሩ ዘይፈልጥ ተጋዳላይ የለን። እቲ ዘገርም ከኣ ተጋዳላይ ጉርጃ ኣብ ፈለማ ዓመታት ናጽነት ‘ሃንደበታዊ መስዋእቲ’ ብዝተባህለ መርድእ ኣብ ኣስመራ ተሰዊኡን ተቐቢሩን። ኣብ ኤሮውሮጳ ንነዊሕ ዓመታት ኣባል ሓፋሽ ውድብ ዝነበረ ሓዉ ንጉርጃ ከኣ ኣብ ኣስመራ ተኣኢሩ ነይሩ’ዩ። ማእሰርቱ ምስ ጉዳይ ሓዉ ምትእስሳር ነይሩዎ’ዶ ኣይነበሮን ግን ዝፈለጥኩዎ ነገር ኣይነበረን።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-232de930e9830559786cc073", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/130/0", "start": 47701, "end": 48214 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እቲ ዘጥቅዐ ስለያ ብሙሉኡ ተቐቲሉ ኢዩ ተባሂሉ፣ ምኽንያቱ ሃዲሙ እንተተባሂሉ ድማ ስለምንታይ ደኣ ደርግ ዘይዛረበሉ ከይበሃል። ኣብ ግዜ ለይቲ ዝንቀሳቐስ ሰላሕታ ኣሃዱ ስለያ፣ መሬት ከይወግሐ ናብ ደጀኑ ክምለስ ስለዝግብኦ፣ ኣብቲ ግዜ’ቲ ጥርዚ ዓጋመት ንምብጻሕ ነቲ በብስጉምቲ ክኸይድ ዝነበሮ ኣሃዱ ስለያ ዝበሉዎ በዓል ኢሳይያስ፤ ካብ ጎላጉል ኣውገት ብቐትሪ ክብገስ ነይሩዎ። ጸላኢ ንምክትታል ኣብ ጠረዚት እቲ ግንባር ዝነበረ ናይ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ቢኒኮሎታትን /ክሻፋታት/ ኣብ ጫፍ ታባ ቀጠር ዝነበረ ፍሉይ መቆጻጸሪ ክሻፋን /ተለስኮፕ/ ነቲ ዝተበገሰ ስለያ ዘይርእያ እንተድኣ ነይረን እንታይ ኢየን ዝሕልዋ ነይረን? ኣብቲ ዓይኒ እንከለና ዕዉራት፣ እዝኒ እንከለና ድማ ጸማማት ዝነበርናሉ ሰዓት ብምሒር እምነት ንኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ ንከምዚ ዝኣመሰለ ቀሊል ተዋስኦ’ውን ክንዕዘቦ ኣይከኣልናን።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-e7818f43e1ebc40657684eec", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/132/0", "start": 48229, "end": 48354 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Souce / ት", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "ልሚ፣ ንዘርኢ ክር", "href": "/documents/2fbbff03d5ba445a4125d31c/", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "ዳ", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-3ca5b689c6672c1da5aabe99", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/136/0", "start": 48391, "end": 52812 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ክቕጽል።\n ውጽኢት ቀዳማይ ውድባዊ ጉባአ ህዝባዊ ግንባር፣ ሮሞዳን መሓመድ ኑር ዋና ጸሓፊ፣ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ ምክትል ዋና ጸሓፊ ክኾኑ እንከለዉ፤ ሃይለ ወልደንስአ /ድሩዕ/ ሓላፊ ፒለቲካዊ ጉዳያት ፣ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ድማ ሓላፊ ወተሃደራዊ ጉዳያት ኮይኖም ተመዘዙ። ካብ ኣባላት ፖለቲካዊ ቤት ጽሕፈት ኣብ ብዙሕ ኣኼባታት ንዓፋኒ ኣከያይድኡን ተበላጺ ዕላምኡን ዝቃወሞ ዝነበረ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ፣ ሓደ መዓልቲ ናይ ጥፍኣት ነታጒ ክቐብረሉ ምዃኑ ኣየደቀሶን።\n ብድሕሪ ውድባዊ ጉባአ፣ ኣብቲ ‘በብቑሩብ ሰብን መሬትን ሓራ ምውጻእ’ ዝብል ወተሃደራዊ ስልቲ፣ እተን ቀዳሞት ብወተሃደራዊ ሕንጻጽ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ: ተወፋይነት ህዝቢን ተጋዳላይን ናጻ ዝወጻ ከተማታትን ሓውሲ ከተማታትን ኤርትራ እዘን ዝስዕባ ነበራ፦ 1) ናቕፋ ብዕለት 23 1977። 2) ኣፍዓበት ብዕለት 06 ሚያዝያ 1977። 3) ደቀምሓረ ብዕለት 06/ ሓምለ 1977። 4) ከረን ብዕለት 08 ሓምለ 1977። 5) ሰገነይቲ ብዕለት 03 ነሓሰ 1977። 6) ድግሳ ብዕለት 05 ነሓሰ 1977 ናጻ ክወጻ እንከለዋ ካልኦት ኣብ መንገዲ ባጽዕ-ኣስመራ፣ ክሳብ ሰይ ዲቺ /16 ኪ.ሜትር ካብ ኣስመራ/ ዝነበራ’ ውን ሰዓብአን። \n ብወገን ተ.ሓ.ኤርትራ ናጻ ኮይነን ዝነበራ ከተማታትን ሓውሲ ከተማታትን’ውን 1) ተሰነይ ብዕለት 10 ሚያዝያ 1977። 2) መንደፈራ ብዕለት 24 ነሓሰ 1977 3) ኣቑርደት ብዕለት 31 ነሓሰ 1977። 4) ዓዲ ዃላ ብዕለት 12 ነሓሰ 1977 ነበራ። ኣብቲ ግዜ’ቲ ብዘይካ ፍርቂ ክፋል ባጽዕ፣ ዓዲ ቐይሕ፣ ባረንቱን ዓሰብን መላእ መሬት ኤርትራ /ልዕሊ 80%/ ካብ ቁጽጽር ጸላኢ ናጻ ወጺኡ ነበረ። ኣብ መንጎ ክልቲኡ ውድባት ዝነበረ ዝምድናታት እናዓዘዘ ኣብ ዝኸደሉ ዝነበረ ዓመታት ኢዩ’ምበኣር ኢሳይያስ ነታ ንሱ ንበይኑ ዘይነግሰላ ኤርትራ ንዝተቐረበ መኣዲ ናጽነት ደፊኡ፤ ንውድብ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ናብ ምዝላቕ ከም ዝኣቱ ዝገበረ። ኣብ ጉዳይ ምዝላቕ ኣብ መንጎ ላዕለዎት ሓለፍቲ ውድብ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ዘይምርድዳእ ከም ዝነበረ ድሒሩ ይስማዕ ነይሩ ኢዩ። \n ንውግእ መብዛሕትአን ናጻ ዝወጻ ከቢታት ብትብዓት መሪሑ ዘዐወተ ወዲ ዓፋ ድማ መመሊሱ ካብ ተጋዳልቲ ወርቂ ዘውዲ እናደፍአ ከደ። ኣብ ብዙሓት ኣሃዱታት “…ሰራዊት እንግሊዝ ንከረን ካብ ወተሃደራት ጥልያን ንምሓዝ ሽዱሽተ ኣዋርሕ ወሲዱሎም። ንህዝባዊ ግንባር ግን 3 መዓልቲ ጥራይ…ዓጀብ ጅግንነት!” ኣብ ዝበሃለሉ ዝነበረ ግዜ፤ ዝና ወዲ ዓፋ እናለዓለ ከደ።\n እቲ ዝና ዝስመዓሉ ዝነበረ ግዜ’ውን ኢብራሂም ላዕለዋይ ሓባራዊ ፖለቲካዊ ሽማግለ ክልቲኡ ውድባት ኮይኑ ንክሰርሕ ውድብ መዝነት ኣሰከሞ። ኣብ ላዕለዋይ ሓባራዊ መሪሕነት ይሰርሓሉ ኣብ ዝነበረ ግዜ፤ ብዛዕባ ተኽእሎ ሓድነት ክልቲኡ ውድባት ኤርትራ ምሉእ ዕድል ከም ዝነበረን፤ ናጽነት ኤርትራ ንምጉንጻፍ’ውን ነተን ዝተረፋ መዓስከራት ጸላኢ ዝኸፈልካ ከፊልካ ናጻ ምውጽአን ዝብል ጸብጻቡ የቕርብ ነበረ። \n ብድሕሪ ምሕራር ከተማ ከረን፣ ኤርትራ ናጻ ክትወጸሉ እትኽእለሉ ኣገባብን መንገዲን ብዝምልከት ምስ ኢሳይያስ ሓያለይ ግዜ ናብ ቁሩቁስ ይኣትዉ ነይሮም ኢዮም። ኢብራሂም ዓፋ በቲ ኢሳይያስ በብዓመቱ ዝወስዶ ዝነበረ ቃሕታዊ ስጉምቲ ዕጉብ ኣይነበረን። \n ናጻን ዲሞክራስያዊን ርእይቶ ዝነበሮ ወዲ ዓፋ፣ ነቲ ብኣረኣእያ ኢሳይያስ ጥራይ ዝውሰን ዝነበረ ጉዳያት፦ 1)ጉዳይ ስምረት ምስ ውድብ ተ.ሓ.ኤ.፣ \n 2)ጉዳይ ምዝላቕ ካብ ኣፍደገ ኣስመራ \n 3)ጉዳይ ዝርርብ ምስ ደርግ ኣብ በርሊን። \n ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ብፍላይ ኣብ ጉዳይ ዝርርብ ምብራቕ ጀርመን /በርሊን/ ንሓፋሽ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ብዘርብሕ ኣገባብ፣ ንጹር ተቓውሞ ናብ ኢሳይያስ የቕርብ ነይሩ ኢዩ። \n ቀዳማይ ርክብ በርሊን ካብ ዕለት 25-29/11/1977\n ካልኣይ ርክብ በርሊን ብዕለት 02/02/1978\n ሳልሳይ ርክብ በርሊን ካብ ዕለት 22-23/03/1978\n ራብዓይ ርክብ በርሊን ካብ ዕለት 09-10/06/1978 \n ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ፤ ስርዓት ደርግ ሓይሉ ክሳብ ዘደልድልን ካብ ሕብረት-ሶቭየት ነበር እልቢ ዘይነበሮ ኣጽዋር ክሳብ ዝዕድግን ኢዩ ዝጽበዮ ነይሩ። ደርግ ድማ ብስም ‘ዝርርብ ሰላም’ ናይ ምህማል ኣሽካዕላል ክጻወት ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ፣ ልዕሊ 300,000 ሰራዊት ኣሰሊፉ ብዕለት 15/07/1978 ሰፊሕ ቀዳማይ ወራር ደርግ ጀመረ። \n ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ መስዋእቲ ኣብርሃም ተወልደን፤ ደሓር’ውን ኣብ ጉዳይ ምእሳር ሰለሞን ወልደማርያምን ዓቢ ፍልልይ ኢዩ ነይሩዎም። ንእግረ መንገድና ሰለሞን ወልደማርያም ናብ ሱዳን ምስ ሃደመ ወዲ ዓፋን ሮሞዳን መሓመድ ኑርን ኢዮም ከይዶም ለሚኖም መሊሶሞ። “ብናትካ እምነት ጥራይ እየ ዝምለስ ዘለኹ” ኢሉ ሰለሞን ንኢብራሂም ተዛሪቡዎ ነይሩ’ዩ። \n ኣብ መንጎ ኣባላት ፖለቲካዊ ቤት ጽሕፈት ህዝባዊ ግንባር፣ ብፍላይ ከኣ ኣብ መንጎ ኢሳይያስን ገለ ኣባላት ፖ/ቤ/ጽሕፈትን ከቢድ ግርጭት ከም ዝነበረ ድማ ተኽላይ ገብረማርያም /ዓደን/ ብ23 ታሕሳስ 1980 ኣብ ረድዮ ኢትዮጵያ ገሊጽዎ ነይሩ ኢዩ። \n እቲ ዝነበረ ምፍጣጥን ሓያል ናጻ ርእይቶ ኢብራሂም ዓፋን ግን ንኢሳይያስ ፈጺሙ ኣየደቀሶን ነይሩ። ብድሕሪ ምዝላቕ፣ ኢሳይያስ ኢብራሂም ንምንጻልን ንምድስካልን ብዙሕ ፈተነታት ገይሩ’ዩ። ገለ ኢሳይያስ ዝለኣኾም መዓድቲ ንኢብራሂም “ካብዚ ዘለኻዮ ሓንሳብ ምስራሕ ንሓንሳብ ከኣ ምድስካልሲ ሞት ይሓይሽ፣ ሰብኣይ ክልተ ግዜ ክረአ የብሉን…” እናበሉ ከምቲ ኣባል ማእከላይ ሽማግለ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ዝነበረ ተጋዳላይ ሃብተ ተኽለ ዝወሰዶ ርእሰ-ቅትለት፤ ወዲ ዓፋ’ውን ኣንጸርጺሩ ነብሱ ንክቐትል ምድፍፋእ ይግበረሉ ነይሩ። \n ኣብ ሻድሻይ ወራር ደርግ ኢሳይያስ ንወዲ ዓፋ ኣብቲ ብተመክሮኡ ክመርሓሉ ዝግባእ ግንባራት ኣብ ክንዲ ዝሰዶ፣ ነቲ ብጎላጉል ናሮ ዝወፈረ፣ ዓቐበት ኣግራዕ /ጽርግያ ሓመድ ዲበላይ/ ንምዕጻው ዝወፍር ዝነበረ 3ይ ክፍለ-ጦር ደርግ ንክከላኸል ተነግሮ። ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ነታ ካብ ብርጌድ 51 ዝመጸት ኣሃዱን /ቦጦሎኒ ወዲ ጸገደ/ ካብ ክፍልታት /ዓምበርቦብ ሕሽክብ/ ኣስመሮም ገረዝግሄር ዘማእከሎም ዝኸተቱ ተጋደልቲን መሪሑ ተዋግአ።\n እቲ ኣብ መንጎ ኢሳይያስን ኢብራሂምን ዝነበረ ምስሕሓባት እናኸረረ ከደ። ኢሳይያስ፣ ኢብራሂም ንምንጻል ኣብ ኣባላት ሰልፊ “…ምስ ዑስማን ሳልሕ ሳበን ደቂ ሰምሃርን ተመሻጢሩ ዕልዋ ክገብር ይሓስብ ኣሎ” ዝብል ወገናዊ ምጉጅጃል ክገብር ጀመረ። ግን ኣይሰመረሉን፣ እቲ ምንታይ ሞያ ወዲ ዓፋ ዘይፈልጥ ተጋዳላይ ስለዘይነበረ። ኣብቲ ብዕለት 10 ጥቅምቲ 1985 ዝጀመረ ወራር ‘ባሕሪ ነጋሽ’ ኢዩ’ምበኣር ኢሳይያስ ጽቡቕ ኣጋጣሚ ረኺቡ። \n ጸላኢ ብዕለት 19 መጋቢት 1984 ብኲናት ተሳዒሩ ንዝገደፎ ግንባር ሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ሳሕል ሃንደበት ብማርሳ ተኽላይ ኣተዎ። ሽዑ ኢብራሂም ኣብ ዓራግ ኢዩ ነይሩ። ኣብቲ ከባቢ ብዘይካ ኣሃዱ ክፍሊ ታዕሊም፣ ተመሃሮ /ክፍሊ ህንጻ/ መዓስከር ዊናን ገለ ሓለፍቲን ካልእ ተዋጋኢ ሓይሊ ኣይነበረን። ኩሉ ኣብ ከባቢ ዓራግን ሓሊበትን ዝነበረ ተራ ይኹን ሓላፊ ናብ ግንባር ሓልሓል ከቲቱ ነበረ።\n ከምቲ ኣብ ላዕሊ ተገሊጹ ዘሎ ምህዞ ኢሳይያስ ንፊልም ቅንጸላ ኢብራሂም ሽዑ ኢዩ ጀሚሩ። ከምቲ ኣቐዲመ ዝጠቐስኩዎ ድማ፣ ሃንደበት ናብ ሱዳን ተበገሰ። ንወዲ ዓፋ ዝቐትል ‘እሙን’ በዓል መዚ ፈልዩ ክብገስ እንከሎ፤ ኦፐረተሩ ንዝነበረት ተጋዳሊት“…ርክብኪ ምስ ወዲ ዓፋ ኣብ ሰሰዓት ይኹን። ንወዲ ዓፋ ምስ ረኸብኪ ከኣ፣ ቀጥታ ንዓይ ርኸብኒ። ስለዚ ኣነን ንስኺን ርክብና ኣብ ከክልተ ሰዓት ኢዩ።” ኢሉዋ ተበገሰ። ኦፐረተር ርክባ ኣየቋረጸትን፣ ናብ ካርቱም ምስ ኣተወ፣ ንግሆ ዘመሓላለፈቶ ቀዳማይ መልእኽታ ከኣ ንኢሳይያስ ናይ ደስ-ደስ ዜና ኮነ።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-9b02d366abae698dff7df53b", "type": "figure", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/138/0/0", "start": 52830, "end": 52956 }, "anchors": [], "src": "/media/8256480da6c28dccbe43d5a30d422ced415db41fdf4a92d4b749309c12db307d.gif", "alt": "", "caption": [] }, { "id": "b-8bc98be74b9107940bf119b9", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/138/0/1", "start": 52957, "end": 52961 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኦፐረተር ንኢብራሂም ዓፋ ካብ ወጋሕታ ሰዓት ኣርባዕተ ንደሓር ክትረኽቦ ከም ዘይከኣለት መልእኽታ ኣመሓላለፈት። ትርጉሙ ብስራት ንኢሳይያስ፤ ንህዝቢ ኤርትራ ግን መርድእ ነበረ። እታ ንግሆ እቲኣ ድማ ኢሳይያስ ጸባ ዝሰተየላ፣ ጅግና ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ከኣ ኣብ ኣኻውሕ ጎቦ ዓጋመት ዝተቐብረላ ወጋሕታ ኮነት። ትልሚ ንዘርኢ ክርዳድ ዝተለመ ኢሳይያስ፣ እታ ንግሆ እቲኣ ትልሚ ዝኽትምና ሳራ ኢብራሂም ነበረት።\n ሽዑ ምክትል ክነሱ መርድእ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ናብ ዋና ጸሓፊ ሮሞዳን መሓመድ ኑር ሰደደ። ሮሞዳን ኣብቲ ግዜ’ቲ ብጉዳይ ስራሕ ኣብ ሶርያ ደማስቆ ኢዩ ዝነበረ። ነቲ መርድእ ምስ ኣንበበ ከኣ፣ እቲ ጉዳይ ሃንደበት ከም ዝኾኖ ናይ ሕርቃን ቃል ተዛሪቡ ኢዩ። ምዝራብ ጥራይ ዘይኮነ ከኣ፣ ገጹ ከም ዝኣሰረን ካብቶም ጥቕኡ ዝነበሩ ሰባት’ውን ከም ዝተኣልየን ናይ ዓይኒ ምስክር፣ ኣብቲ ግዜ’ቲ ምስ ሮሞዳን ኣብ ደማስቆ ዝነበረ ኣባል ማእከላይ ሽማግለ ህዝባዊ ግንባር መሓመድ ኑር ዲጎል ሎሚ ብሂወቱ ዘሎ ሰብ’ዩ። \n ። \n ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "ትልሚ፣ ንዘርኢ ክርዳድ : 7 ይ ክፋል - ብ ኣለና", "href": "/documents/c632c57eaa76e348a9438b7c/", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-611f7079f607f5a9e7320230", "type": "heading", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/140", "start": 53715, "end": 53762 }, "anchors": [], "level": 2, "content": [ { "text": "ትልሚ ንዘርኢ ክርዳድ - 8ይ ክፋል - ብ ኣለና", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-6988bc274ae7f05fdb4e5210", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/142/1/0", "start": 53789, "end": 53789 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Thursday, 04 November 2010 19:54", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-248b736bec539cfe77c5b41f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/142/3/0", "start": 53850, "end": 53850 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "Print", "href": "http://assenna.com/templates/ja_teline_ii/images/printButton.png", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-8516144f321cce848b535c8e", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/146/0", "start": 54285, "end": 54533 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እዞም ክልተ ሓለፍቲ ብወገን ሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ዝኸዱ ኣምሲሎም ጸልማት ጉልባብ ገይሮም ደድሕሪ ኢብራሂም ናብ ዓጋመት ደይቦም ኢዮም። ኣብ ጥቓ ወዲ ዓፋ ዝነበሮ ኣድብዮም ከም ዝሓደሩ፣ ሳይለንሰር ምስ ዝዓጠቑ ረሸንቲ ጉጅለ ብኮድ ድሕሪ ምርኻቦም ከኣ፣ ወጋሕታ ሰዓት ኣርባዕተ ንኢብራሂም ዓፋ፣ ሻምበል መብራህቱን ዮሴፍ ዝተባህለ ኣውቲስትኡን ምስኡ ደይቦም ዝነበሩ ኣባላቱን ቀተሉዎም።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-324364d26857f9d078fbdf44", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/148/0", "start": 54548, "end": 54804 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ንእለት በዓል ፊሊጶስ ኣብ ጥቓ እቶም ረሸንቲ ኮይኖም ኣድራጋ ቶኽሲ እናተኮሱ ናብቲ ኩምራ ሬሳታት ተሓወሱ። ከምቲ ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ክፋል ዝገለጽኩዎ ከኣ፣ ዓላማይ ወዲ በላይ /ኢዱ ቆራጽ ተጋዳላይ/ ካብ ክፍሊ ታዕሊም ዘበገሶም ተጋደልቲን ካብ ምኽታት ግንባር ሓልሓል ዝተረፉ ተመሃሮ ቤት ትምህርቲ ዊናን ናብ ዝባን ዓጋመት ንረዳት ኣብ ዝጎይሉ ዝነበሩ ወጋሕታ፤ ኣብ መንገዲ ዝጸንሖም መስፍን ሓጎስ፦", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-136e5efcdbe637898bdec434", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/150/0", "start": 54819, "end": 55181 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“ተመለሱ ወላ ሓንቲ ነገር የለን። ገለ ውሑዳት ስለያ ኢየን ቶግ-ቶግ ኣቢለን ጸኒሐን። ግን ኩላተን ኣብኣ ተዛሕዚሐን ኢየን። ኪዱ ተመለሱ ኣመት ኣሃዱታትኩም ግበሩ” ኢሉ ከም ዝመለሶም ብሂወት ዘለዉ መሰኻኽር ኣለዉና፣ ጽባሕ ንግሆ ድማ ባዕሎም ክምስክሩ ኢዮም። ቅድሚ ሰሙን ኣብ ኢ-መይለይ ዝረኸብኩዎ ተወሳኺ ናይ ዓይኒ ምስክር ድማ፣ ሓደ ሽዑ ከብዱ ተወጊኡ ንመዓናጥኡ ብጨርቂ ጀኒኑ ብስንባድ ናብ ክፍሊ ባህሊ ዓራግ ዝወረደ ተስፋኣለም ዝተባህለ ኣባል ክፍሊ ታዕሊም ተጋዳላይ ተራእዩ ነይሩ። ድሕሪ ቁሩብ ግዜ ናበይ ከም ዘእተዉዎ ግን ዝፈለጠ ሰብ ኣይነበረን።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-2793a03a2f33d9181eb0a0b8", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/152/0", "start": 55196, "end": 55524 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ነቲ ተዋስኦ ሓቀኛ ጉዳይ ከም ዝኾነ ንምምሳል ከኣ ቶኽሲ ክሳብ ፋዱስ ጸጸኒሑ ተሰምዐ። እቲ ዝወፈረ ኣሃዱ ስለያ ጸላኢ እንተድኣ ነይሩ፣ ቶኽሲ ከኣ ወጋሕታ ሰዓት ኣርባዕተ ተኸፊቱ። ‘’ኩላተን እተን ንስለያ ዝወፈራ ተቐቲለን ኢየን’’ ተባሂሉ ተዘሪቡስ፣ ስለምንታይ ደኣ “ተቐቲለን” እንተኾይነን ቶኽሲ ክሳብ ፋዱስ? ናይ ዓወት ቶኽሲ ኢዩ ክትኮስ ዘርፈደ ከይንብሎ፣ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ኣይሽንኳይዶ ንሓደ ጉጅለ ስለያ ደምሲሱ፣ ንዝኾነ ወተሃደራዊ ዓወት’ውን ቃሕ ከም ዝበሎ ጠያይት ንሰማይ ተኲሱ ኣይፈልጥን ኢዩ።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-5e138c521f7ecd8e4e91232f", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/154/0", "start": 55539, "end": 55709 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ ስልቲ ወተሃደራዊ ስለያ፣ ዝኾነ ብለይቲ ዝወፍር ኣጥቃዒ ብጸልማት ኣጥቂዑ መሬት ቅድሚ ምብርሁ ናይ ግድን ናብ ደጀኑ ክበጽሕ ነይሩዎ። ስለያ ጸላኢ ክሳብ መሬት ዝበርህ ኣብ ዝባን ዓጋመት ኳሕ-ገም ከብል እንተውዒሉ ግን ባዕሉ ንሞት ተፈሪዱ ምባል ይሓይሽ።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-d191990c0dd78358570a7fc6", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/156/0", "start": 55724, "end": 56004 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "መስፍን ሓጎስ ብዱሮ ካብ ዓንበርቦብ ናብ ዓራግ ምስ ወዲ ዓፋ ብዝነበሮ ቆጸራ ንምሕዳር ከም ዝኸደ፣ ደሓር “ፊሊጶስ ናይ ግድን ምሳይ ሕደር ስለዝበለኒ…” ኢሉ ምስ ፊሊጶስ ወልደዮሃንስ ምሕዳሩ፤ ቶኽሲ ኣብ ዝባን ጎቦ ዓጋመት ተሰሚዑ ተጋደልቲ ንረዳት ኣብ ዝጎዩሉ ዝነበሩ ግዜ ድማ ኣብ መንገዲ ዓጋመት ጸኒሑ “ተመለሱ ወላ ሓንቲ ነገር የለን” ኢሉ ምምላሱን ዝተሓላለኸ ኣጋጣሚታት ኢዩ። ብኸመይ ኢዩ ኪገጣጠም ከኣ ንኣንባቢ እገድፎ።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-b983c2b5fab2c5f67e4e4096", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/158/0", "start": 56019, "end": 56361 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ተጋዳላይ መስፍን ኣብ 2001 ካብ ኣስመራ ምስ ወጸ ኣብተን ቀዳሞት ክልተ ዓመታት ብዛዕባ መስዋእቲ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ተሓቲቱ ክምልስ እንከሎ፦ ‘’ምስ ኢብራሂም ንክንራኸብ ቆጸራ ነይሩና ኢዩ፣ ኣጋጣሚ ኮይኑ ግን ተሰዊኡ’’ ኢሉ ነይሩ። ስለዚ ገለ ንእሽቶ ካብቲ ዓቢ ምስጢር ወዲ ዓፋ ከምዚ ኣብ ክልተ ክፋላት ቀሪቡ ዘሎ ይመስል። ‘ሰብ ይሕመ ዕባራ ይግመ’ ከም ዝበሃል ከኣ፤ ካብቲ ናይዞም ሓለፍቲ ዝነበረ ወዛሕዛሕ /ፊሊጶስ ወልደዮሃንስ፣ መስፍን ሓጎስ፣ ኢዮብ ሓሊባይ/ መን እንታይ ዓይነት ተራ ነይሩዎ ንምፍላጥ ዘጸግም ኣይኮነን።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-608dbf78e0395da1af19b2bf", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/160/0", "start": 56376, "end": 56624 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "“እሕሕሕ! ዘይተሰርነቐ ይኽእላ” ከም ዝበሃል፣ ኣቶ መስፍን ሓጎስ ብሰናፍጭ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ከይተሰርነቕካ እንከለኻ፣ ን5 ሚልዮን ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ትኽሕሰሉ ሰዓት ሎሚ ይኹን። ናብ ሜዳ ኤርትራ ግዜ ደርሆ-ነቆ ስለዝወጻእካ፤ ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ናይ በረኻ ቅንጸላ ኣሽሓት ዜጋታት ኤርትራውያን ምስ ኢሳይያስ ቀንጻሊ ኔርካ ወይ ድማ ሎሚ ቀንጸልቲ ንዝነበሩ ንገር። ሳልሳይ መንገዲ የለን!", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-666edad814714257e7dbc181", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/162/0", "start": 56639, "end": 56988 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ መንጎ ኢሳይያስን ኢብራሂምን ዝነበረ ዘይምርድዳእ፣ ካብ ግዜ ቀዳማይን ካልኣይን ወገናት ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት /1971/ ዝጀመረ ምንባሩ ኩሉ ገዲም ዝፈልጦ ሓቂ ኢዩ። ስለዚ ሓደ ካብቶም ኢሳይያስ መዓልቲ ዝጽበየሎም ዝነበሩ መሪሕነት ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ኢዩ ዝነበረ። ኢብራሂም ብወተሃደራዊ ክእለት ልዕሊ ኢሳይያስ’ምበር ትሕቲኡ ኣይነበረን። እዚኣ ከኣ እታ ሕማም መርዘኑ ንኢሳይያስ ዝነበረት ኢያ። ኣብቲ ክልተ ክፋላት ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት ነንበይነን ዝነበራሉ እዋን፣ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ፦ “እዚ መስፍን ሓጎስ ተኣሲሩ ክምርመር ኣለዎ” ኢሉ ነይሩ ይበሃል።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-401dd1d6e1e4663ad50cddc4", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/164/0", "start": 57003, "end": 57268 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ምኽንያቱ መስፍን፣ ኣብ ቀዳማይ ወገን ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት ምስ 1) ሮሞዳን መሓመድ ኑር 2) መሓመድ ዓሊ ዑማሮ 3) መሓመድ ዑመር ዓብደላ 4) ዓሊ መሓመድ ዑስማን 5) መሓሪ ደበሳይ ወ.ዘ.ተ… መሪሕነት ተመሪጹ እንከሎ፤ ብቐትሪ ምስ ቀዳማይ ወገን፣ ብለይቲ ከኣ ናብ ካልኣይ ወገን እናኸደ ምስ ኢሳይያስ ምስጢራዊ ርክባት ይገብር ስለዝነበረ ኢዩ ወዲ ዓፋ ‘ምስጢራት ውድብ የበጻጽሕ ስለዘሎ ይመርመር’ ዝበለ።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-b922a732f065e8aee96b9a83", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/166/0", "start": 57283, "end": 57596 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኣብ 1967 ዓ.ም. ካብ ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ባጽዕ ዝተሰለፈ ኢብራሂም፤ ኢሳይያስ ንስልጠና ብ1967 ናብ ቻይና ምስ ከደ፤ ንሱ’ውን ብ1968 ዓ.ም. ናብ ኩባ ተላኢኹ ነበረ። ኣብቲ ካብ 70ታት ክሳብ ቀዳማይ ውድባዊ ጉባአ /1977/ ዓ.ም. ዝነበረ እዋን ሓሓሊፉ ኣብ መንጎኦም ዘይምርድዳእ ከም ዝነበረ ኩሉ ገዲም ተጋዳላይ ዝፈልጦ ሓቂ ኢዩ። ኢብራሂም ኣብ ኲናት መራሒ ጥራይ ዘይኮነስ፣ ተባዕ ተዋጋኣይ ምንባሩ ከኣ ንዝና ኢሳይያስ ዝቆራቖስ ኮይኑ ይረኣዮ ስለዝነበረ፤ ፈጺሙ ኣየደቀሶን።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-2ccc60726407e81e5fc17491", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/168/0", "start": 57611, "end": 58132 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ኣብ ቀዳማይ ወገን ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት ኢዩ ዝነበረ። እንተኾነ ምስ ኢሳይያስ ካብ ዝተራኸበሉ ግዜ ንደሓር፣ ስሱዕን ተበላጺን ምንባሩ ኣይሰሓቶን። በቲ ናብ ኣኼባታት እምባህራን ተኽሊን ዘቕርቦ ዝነበረ ተበላጺ ተሳትፎ ድማ ይቕበሎ ኣይነበረን። ጉዳይ መስዋእቲ ኣብርሃም ተወልደን ርክብ ኢሳይያስ ምስ ሲ.ኣይ.አ. ኣብ ቃኘውን’ውን ይሕመ ስለዝነበረ፤ ኢሳይያስ ብኢብራሂም ዓፋ ቅቡል ኣይነበረን። ስለዚ ካብ ግዜ ምጅማር ሰብዓታት ክልቲኦም በብውሽጦም ተፋሊጦም ኢዮም። ሰባት ምንጻል ቀንዲ ስርሑ ገይሩ ዝዓዪ ኢሳይያስ ኣብቲ ግዜ’ቲ ገና ክልቲኡ ሓይልታት ከይተወሃሃደ እንከሎ’ውን ኣንጻር ወዲ ዓፋ፦ “…ቀዳማይ ወገን ብረት ንክህቡና ወሲኖም ነይሮን ኢቶም። ኢብራሂም ዓፋ ግን ተቓዊሙና፣ ስለዚ ኣብ ቀዳማይ ወገን ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት ሓደ ጸላኢ ከም ዘለና ተረዲእና ኣለና” እናበለ ጸለመታት የካይድ ነበረ።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-1de31d41360567eae1bd85ef", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/170/0", "start": 58147, "end": 58553 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "ቅድሚ 1ይ ውድባዊ ጉባአ ኣብ ዞባ ደቡብ ዝነበረ ኣቀዋውማ ሓይልታት ህ.ግንባር፤ ኣዛዚ ቦጦሎኒ 5 ኢብራሂም ዓፋ፣ ኮሚሽነሩ ከኣ ዶ/ር ኢዮብ ገብረልኡል፤ ኣዛዚ ቦጦሎኒ 4 ድማ ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለ ናይ ፖለቲካ ኮሚሳር ከኣ በራኺ ገብረስላሴ ነበሩ። ኣንጻር ጸላኢ ይካየዱ ኣብ ዝነበሩ ውግኣት፣ ዓበይቲ ዓወታት ይሕፈሰሉ ኣብ ዝነበረ ግዜን ዝና ወዲ ዓፋ መመሊሱ ይድይብ ነበረ። ኣብቲ ብወርሒ ጥሪ 1977 ዝተገብረ 1ይ ውድባዊ ጉባአ ከኣ ኢብራሂም ዓፋ፣ ኣባል ፖለቲካዊ ቤ/ጽ ኮይኑ ክምረጽ እንከሎ፣ መራሒ ቦጦሎኒ 4 ዝነበረ ተጋዳላይ ወልደንኪኤል ሃይለ ግን ‘ደጋፊ መንካዕ’ዩ’ ብዝብል ክሲ ኢሳይያስ፣ ናብ ጉባአ ኣይተሳተፈን።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-49cee82f43c3b00ea3370133", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": "/85/1/0/1/172/0", "start": 58568, "end": 59092 }, "anchors": [], "content": [ { "text": "እቲ ጠንቂ ዘይምስታፍ ወዲ ሃይለ ድማ፣ ምስ ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ ብዝነበሮ ሓርፋፍ ዝምድና ዝተበገሰ ኮይኑ፣ ቀንዲ ጸብጻባት ወዲ ሃይለ ናብ ኢሳይያስ ዘመሓላልፍ ዝነበረን ከኣ ሓላፊ ናይተን ክልተ ቦጦሎኒታት ደቡብ ዝነበረ ተጋዳላይ መስፍን ሓጎስ ነበረ። መስፍንን ኢሳይያስን፣ እቶም ክልተ ቀዳሞት ሰልፊ /ኤርትራዊ ህዝባዊ ሰውራዊ ሰልፊ/ ", "marks": [ "strong" ] }, { "text": "(Eritrean Peoples’ Revolutionary Party)", "marks": [ "strong", "em" ] }, { "text": " ዝመስረቱ ሰባት ኢዮም። ንኢሳይያስን ምስጢራቱን ከም ሕንጻጻት ኣጻብዕቲ ኢዱ ዝፈልጦ ብህይወት ዘሎ ሰብ፣ ተጋዳላይ መስፍን ሓጎስ ኢዩ። ኣቶ መስፍን ነቲ ካብ 1970 ክሳብ 2001 ዓ.ም. ኢሳይያስ ኣብ ልዕሊ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ንዝፈጸሞ ገበናት እንተዝነግረና፤ ነድሪ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ከም ማዕበል ሱናሚ ንዓለም መናወጸ። እነሆ ሕጂ’ውን እቲ ካሕሳ ዝጽበ ዘሎ ህዝቢ ኣፉ ከፊቱ ድምጺ ንክሰምዕ የንባሁቕ ኣሎ።", "marks": [ "strong" ] } ] }, { "id": "b-0256dfa7ae6cf932542f6085", "type": "paragraph", "source": { "path": 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